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Ex Marine Beats His Wife In Front Of A Judge! (She Filed For A Restraining Order But Got Denied)
"A mother of two came on camera to talk about a brutal beating by her husband that unfolded in front of a judge. The incident occurred at the Broward County Courthouse, last Friday. Caty Scott-Gonzalez was at the final court hearing for her divorce from her husband, Paul Gonzalez. Scott-Gonzalez said her husband blind-sided her inside the private chambers of Judge Ronald Rothschild. As Gonzalez began beating his wife, a dozen bailiffs rushed in to subdue him. The victim said, "They had to Tase him twice in order to remove him from me." Scott-Gonzalez was beaten so badly, she fell unconscious. "The first blow to my face knocked me out, so I don't really remember anything," she said. "I just had a bad feeling, but I thought that the place that I was in, that there was nothing that could happen to me, and I was wrong."" - 7 News
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A Sandwich a Day: Arepa at Coppelia
A new sandwich every day.
In this great city of ours, one could eat a different sandwich every day of the year—so that's what we'll do. Here's A Sandwich a Day, our daily look at sandwiches around the city. Got a sandwich we should check out? Let us know. —The Mgmt.
Reina Pepiada is a traditional South American sandwich in which grilled cornmeal arepas are filled with shredded chicken, mayonnaise and avocado. In this version from Coppelia ($8.90), a large mound of shredded chicken is smothered in a sweet and spicy tomato sauce. At first the tomato flavor seems to overpower the sandwich, but with a second bite the spicy chipotle begins to assert itself. The chicken was moist and plentiful, and pieces of avocado provided a creamy and cooling element. Best of all, the crispy arepa shell is a great change-up from bread.
207 West 14th Street, New York NY 10011 (map) 212-858-5001
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Gillman Posted May 12, 2004 Many of us have mentioned, "The Evolution of the Bourbon Whiskey Industry in Kentucky" by Sam Cecil, a gentleman now (surely) in his 80's who was trained as a distillery chemist and started in the industry in the pre-war era. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in bourbon history. Much of it is a catalogue of who owned what distillery (in the various counties of KY) when, but the book is also a trove of information on many other subjects related to the industry. Sam has a dry, distinctive sense of humor and it comes through in many stories he tells in the book, some almost as afterthoughts, or stray reminiscences. Here is one, about the Dant family and their whiskeys. At one point a schism occurred in the family. After Prohibition the original Dant distillery (# 169) was started up again by George Dant with the help of Shorty Dant, his nephew. Shorty's brother Will decided to set up a distillery too, with a man called Head, under the name "Dant and Head". Thus, there were two Dant companies operating in the 30's. Ultimately the famous corporate raider Armand Hammer bought both operations. Sam Cecil picks up the story:"J.E. 'Shorty' Dant, a nephew of George Dant, was an officer in the company when Hammer bought it. After he was let out, he became a storekeeper gauger. He was assigned to Dant #169 [the original pre-Prohibition Dant operation] and also #47 alternately [#47 was the Dant and Head distillery]. Shorty related a story to me in 1952 about the use of a Dant label by the Dant and Head Distillery. After Prohibition Shorty's brother Will Dant and Joe B. Head established the distillery of Dant and Head and were bottling whiskey as 'W.W. Dant'. Uncle George felt this was an encroachment on the 'J.W. Dant' brand [J.W. was founding ancestor, in 1836], and he sued to stop them and also asked for damages. George won the suit, and Dant and Head sent him a check for the judgment. On top of the check was the slogan 'Fine Dant Whiskies'".Gary Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Gusty winds could ground the high-flying balloons of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade, which can't fly in certain conditions.
Sustained winds on Thursday are forecast to reach 15 to 20 mph, with gusts between 30 and 40 mph; The limits for letting balloons fly is 23 mph winds and gusts of 34 mph -- rules set by a commission in 1998 after a serious accident amid high winds the year before.
A Macy's spokesman said Monday that organizers will look at "real-time" conditions, not forecasts, and that a decision would be made on Thursday morning.
The 2.5-mile parade starts at 77th Street and Central Park West and marches to Herald Square.
Organizers have closely eyed the parade forecast, especially predictions for wind, after accidents over the years.
Two sisters were injured in 2005, when tethers from the M&M's Chocolate Candies balloon became entangled on the head of a street lamp. The women suffered cuts and bruises.
And in 1997, two people were seriously hurt as a Cat in the Hat balloon slammed into a metal pole.
Photo Credit: ASSOCIATED PRESS


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Mo. Lawmakers, Supporters Push for Legal Marijuana in 2014
COLUMBIA - After failed attempts to legalize marijuana in Missouri last year, lawmakers and supporters are wasting no time in the new year.
On January 13, Rep. Rory Ellinger, D-University City, filed two house bills related to marijuana. House Bill 1324 would legalize the medical use of marijuana in Missouri, while House Bill 1325 aims to decriminalize penalties for possession of pot. Rep. Chris Kelly, D-Columbia, also filed House Bill 1659 in late January, which would tax and regulate marijuana in Missouri.
The organization Show-Me Cannabis has the same mission as Kelly. In January, the Secretary of State approved 13 initiative petition proposals by the group. Each proposal differed in the number of plants a person would be allowed to cultivate and if marijuana-related crimes could be cleared from a person's record. The group announced it would not be moving forward with the November 2014 initiative. Show-Me Cannabis Chairman Dan Viets said the group's polling shows only 45 percent of voters support the initiatives for 2014. He said he expects that number to increase by 2016.
"We have no interest whatsoever in promoting greater use of marijuana, but we do want adults to have the choice, and we do not want people who are otherwise responsible, good citizens to be treated as if they were criminals merely because they use marijuana, perhaps instead of alcohol," said chairman of Show-Me Cannabis Dan Viets.
Rep. Stanley Cox, R-Sedalia, opposes marijuana legalization and said the drug's implications aren't being considered.
"I think to inject another drug, besides alcohol, into our society certainly needs a lot of reflection because when you make something legal for adults, then it becomes readily available for everyone," Cox said.
While Colorado and Washington have legalized the recreational use of marijuana, other states aren't trailing far behind. There are 22 states in the U.S. that allow medical marijuana.
Missouri has some of the toughest penalties for possession in the country. A person can serve up to a year in prison or pay a $1,000 fine if caught with 35 grams or less. Columbia's law, however, is an exception to a rule. In 2004 voters passed an ordinance that lessens the punishment for possession. Instead of jail time and hefty fines, officers treat possession similar to traffic violations and issue summonses.
Cox said Missouri's current laws are effective, but Viets said going after marijuana users is a waste of time and money.
"Instead we could use that money much more constructively to build hospitals, schools, to build roads and bridges and we would have a whole new revenue system," Viets said.
It's a highly controversial issue, and both sides have strong opinions.
"I think most of the people who oppose reform are simply misinformed, that they don't understand the fact that marijuana is far less harmful than alcohol," Viets said.
"We know that just like alcohol, there will be a lot of adolescent children and young children who get it either accidentally or get it intentionally, and we will have to live and deal with the effects in the future," Cox said.
Viets has been working to legalize marijuana for 40 years. Given the past failures of house bills, he said legalization efforts might have more success in the hands of voters. The General Assembly heard a bill regarding decriminalization late last year but did not approve it.
"Last year the speaker failed to do his job. He did not assign those bills to a committee," Viets said. "In one case he assigned one in the very last week of the session when it was obviously too late for the bill to have a chance to pass."
Cox has been a member of the General Assembly for seven years. He said the overall attitude regarding marijuana is more passive, but it is still unlikely the General Assembly would legalize it.
"It's virtually the same members of the General Assembly as it was last year, so I don't think the result is likely to be any different," Cox said.
In past years, House bills regarding marijuana have only made it as far as being assigned to General Assembly committees and discussed in open public hearings. However, that doesn't mean legalization won't happen.
"Will Missouri legalize marijuana? We might very well do that," Cox said. "Is that a good public policy? I think it's a terrible policy, but you know we might do it. We've made other mistakes in history, done other things we shouldn't do. So I don't know exactly what the future might bring, but I think, I would hope, that Missouri residents and lawmakers reflect upon the general health of the public."
If not in 2014, Viets said he is optimistic that legalization will occur in the next couple of years. The newly submitted bills are still waiting to be assigned to a General Assembly Committee.


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airline tickets png
You can get acquainted with the presented collection of airline tickets png to choose suitable ideas for your business or design interface.
Today we have 10 cliparts and vectors for this category.
Advice on how to make a good presentation
Make a presentation is not in the PowerPoint, so different from the rest
When it comes to presenting, we tend to use PowerPoint by default. But there are so many other ways to prepare a presentation for an audience. Let's see some of the alternate ways:
- PowerPoint is primarily devised as a help for the presenter. The more professional the presenter, the less he/she needs PowerPoint as an aid.
- If you check out videos of life coaches or other seasoned presenters, you will quickly realize that they don't use PowerPoint at all. They use whiteboards, they may show you charts, they demonstrate examples to you and engage audience, all without the use of PowerPoint.
Therefore if you feel you've reached the point that you are confident enough not needing PowerPoint as a crutch you can freely leave it behind.
Luggage, check-in, reserved seats and food are just some of the extras you may have to fork out for with a flight booking. And what's worse, they're not ...


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We're here to help you keep moving forward, no matter what your plans are.
If you'd like your venue with a side of history, check out these mansion wedding venues. Hosting your big day at a mansion wedding venue feels like welcoming your guests into your (spectacular) home, with classic décor that's sure to wow. Mansion wedding venues often have several rooms for events, plus impeccably-manicured grounds for photo ops.
Availability: Sept 8 - Oct 31, 2020 April 1 - May 27, 2021 Sept 7 - Oct 31, 2021 Offering a rare opportunity to experience "The Timbers" an ocean and white sand beachfront iconic stone, brick and shingle Tudor estate consisting of The Manor House, The Tennis Cottage and The Carriage House set in... (Mansion Weddings Westerly)
Your Wedding Dreams Come True at Ocean House Imagine celebrating your special day with breathtaking ocean views, unparalleled service and luxury accommodations. At Ocean House, Rhode Island's only Five Diamond, Five-Star property, our wedding experts have the experience and the capability to help... (Mansion Weddings Westerly)
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The Eisenhower House is a wedding venue located at Fort Adams State Park in Newport, Rhode Island. Built in 1873, it eventually became the Summer White House for President Eisenhower during his administration. Today, it is an elegant venue with hilltop views of Narragansett Bay and Newport... (Mansion Weddings Newport)
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Warwick Country Club is a wedding venue and full-service waterfront country club located on the beautiful Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island. Established in 1924 by a group of influential Rhode Islanders, it was initially used as a yacht club. Not only does the venue overlook Narragansett Bay, but it... (Country Club Weddings Warwick)
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The Aldrich Mansion is a wedding venue located in Rhode Island, overlooking the Narragansett Bay and situated on seventy acres. With its outstanding architecture and waterfront view, this historic mansion is the perfect setting for a wedding. Facilities and Capacity The Mansion can accommodate 230... (Mansion Weddings Warwick)
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Blithewold is a beautiful 33-acre wedding venue located in Bristol, Rhode Island. This historic property is situated on Bristol Harbor and offers sweeping views of Narragansett Bay. It is one of the only New England estates built in the late 19th century that still retains its... (Mansion Weddings Bristol)
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Eureka effecteureka effect, eureka effect binds
The eureka effect also known as the Aha! moment or eureka moment refers to the common human experience of suddenly understanding a previously incomprehensible problem or concept Some research describes the Aha! effect also known as insight or epiphany as a memory advantage,[1] but conflicting results exist as to where exactly it occurs in the brain, and it is difficult to predict under what circumstances one can predict an Aha! moment
Insight is a psychological term that attempts to describe the process in problem solving when a previously unsolvable puzzle becomes suddenly clear and obvious Often this transition from not understanding to spontaneous comprehension is accompanied by an exclamation of joy or satisfaction, an Aha! moment A person utilizing insight to solve a problem is able to give accurate, discrete, all-or-nothing type responses, whereas individuals not using the insight process are more likely to produce partial, incomplete responses[2]
A recent theoretical account of the Aha! moment started with four defining attributes of this experience First, the Aha! moment appears suddenly; second, the solution to a problem can be processed smoothly, or fluently; third, the Aha! moment elicits positive affect; fourth, a person experiencing the Aha! moment is convinced that a solution is true These four attributes are not separate but can be combined because the experience of processing fluency, especially when it occurs surprisingly for example, because it is sudden, elicits both positive affect and judged truth[3][4]
Insight can be conceptualized as a two phase process The first phase of an Aha! experience requires the problem solver to come upon an impasse, where they become stuck and even though they may seemingly have explored all the possibilities, are still unable to retrieve or generate a solution The second phase occurs suddenly and unexpectedly After a break in mental fixation or re-evaluating the problem, the answer is retrieved[5] Some research suggest that insight problems are difficult to solve because of our mental fixation on the inappropriate aspects of the problem content[6] In order to solve insight problems, one must "think outside the box" It is this elaborate rehearsal that may cause people to have better memory for Aha! moments Insight is believed to occur with a break in mental fixation, allowing the solution to appear transparent and obvious
- 1 History and etymology
- 2 Research
- 21 Initial research
- 22 How people solve insight problems
- 23 Memory
- 24 Cerebral lateralization
- 25 Sleep
- 26 Other theories
- 27 General procedure for conducting ERP and EEG studies
- 28 Evidence in EEG studies
- 29 Evidence in ERP studies
- 210 Evidence in fMRI studies
- 3 Insight problems and problems with insight
- 31 Insight problems
- 311 The Nine Dot Problem
- 312 Verbal riddles
- 313 Matchstick arithmetic
- 314 Anagrams
- 315 Rebus puzzles
- 316 Remote Associates Test RAT
- 317 The Eight Coin Problem
- 318 Problems with insight
- 31 Insight problems
- 4 The Aha! effect and scientific discovery
- 5 In popular psychology
- 51 Oprah Winfrey
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes
History and etymology
The effect is named from a story about the ancient Greek polymath Archimedes In the story, Archimedes was asked c 250 BC by the local king to determine whether a crown was pure gold During a subsequent trip to a public bath, Archimedes noted that water was displaced when his body sank into the bath, and particularly that the volume of water displaced equaled the volume of his body immersed in the water Having discovered how to measure the volume of an irregular object, and conceiving of a method to solve the king's problem, Archimedes allegedly leaped out and ran home naked, shouting "eureka" I have found it This story is now thought to be fictional, because it was first mentioned by the Roman writer Vitruvius nearly 200 years after the date of the alleged event, and because the method described by Vitruvius would not have worked[7] However, Archimedes certainly did important, original work in hydrostatics, notably in his On Floating Bodies
Initial research
The Eureka effect was first described by Pamela Auble, Jeffrey Franks and Salvatore Soraci in 1979 The subject would be presented with an initially confusing sentence such as "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped" After a certain period of time of non-comprehension by the reader, the cue word parachute would be presented, the reader could comprehend the sentence, and this resulted in better recall on memory tests[1] Subjects spend a considerable amount of time attempting to solve the problem, and initially it was hypothesized that elaboration towards comprehension may play a role in increased recall There was no evidence that elaboration had any effect for recall It was found that both "easy" and "hard" sentences that resulted in an Aha! effect had significantly better recall rates than sentences that subjects were able to comprehend immediately In fact equal recall rates were obtained for both "easy" and "hard" sentences which were initially noncomprehensible It seems to be this noncomprehension to comprehension which results in better recall The essence of the aha feeling underling insight problem solving was systemically empirically investigated by Shen and his colleagues[8]
How people solve insight problems
Currently there are two theories for how people arrive at the solution for insight problems The first is the progress monitoring theory[9] The person will analyze the distance from their current state to the goal state Once a person realizes that they cannot solve the problem while on their current path, they will seek alternative solutions In insight problems this usually occurs late in the puzzle The second way that people attempt to solve these puzzles is the representational change theory[10] The problem solver initially has a low probability for success because they use inappropriate knowledge as they set unnecessary constraints on the problem Once the person relaxes his or her constraints, they can bring previously unavailable knowledge into working memory to solve the problem The person also utilizes chunk decomposition, where he or she will separate meaningful chunks into their component pieces Both constraint relaxation and chunk decomposition allow for a change in representation, that is, a change in the distribution of activation across working memory, at which point they may exclaim, "Aha!" Currently both theories have support, with the progress monitoring theory being more suited to multiple step problems, and the representational change theory more suited to single step problems[11]
The Eureka effect on memory occurs only when there is an initial confusion[12] When subjects were presented with a clue word before the confusing sentence was presented, there was no effect on recall If the clue was provided after the sentence was presented, an increase in recall occurred
It had been determined that recall is greater for items that were generated by the subject versus if the subject was presented with the stimuli[1] There seems to be a memory advantage for instances where people are able to produce an answer themselves, recall was higher when Aha! reactions occurred[1] They tested sentences that were initially hard to understand, but when presented with a cued word, the comprehension became more apparent Other evidence was found indicating that effort in processing visual stimuli was recalled more frequently than the stimuli that were simply presented[13] This study was done using connect-the-dots or verbal instruction to produce either a nonsense or real image It is believed that effort made to comprehend something when encoding induces activation of alternative cues that later participate in recall[14]
Cerebral lateralizationSee also: Lateralization of brain function
Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram studies[15] have found that problem solving requiring insight involves increased activity in the right cerebral hemisphere as compared with problem solving not requiring insight In particular, increased activity was found in the right hemisphere anterior superior temporal gyrus
Some unconscious processing may take place while a person is asleep, and there are several cases of scientific discoveries coming to people in their dreams Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz said that the ring structure of benzene came to him in a dream where a snake was eating its own tail[16] Studies have shown increased performance at insight problems if the subjects slept during a break between receiving the problem and solving it Sleep may function to restructure problems, and allow new insights to be reached[17] Henri Poincaré stated that he valued sleep as a time for "unconscious thought" that helped him break through problems[citation needed]
Other theories
Professor Stellan Ohlsson believes that at the beginning of the problem-solving process, some salient features of the problem are incorporated into a mental representation of the problem In the first step of solving the problem, it is considered in the light of previous experience Eventually, an impasse is reached, where all approaches to the problem have failed, and the person becomes frustrated Ohlsson believes that this impasse drives unconscious processes which change the mental representation of a problem, and cause novel solutions to occur[16]
General procedure for conducting ERP and EEG studies
When studying insight, or the Aha! effect, ERP or EEG general methods are used Initially a baseline measurement is taken, which generally asks the subject to simply remember an answer to a question Following this, subjects are asked to focus on the screen while a logogriph is shown, and then they are given time with a blank screen to get the answer, once they do they are required to press a key After which the answer appears on the screen The subjects are then asked to press one key to indicate that they thought of the correct answer and another to indicate if they got the answer wrong, finally, not to press a key at all if they were unsure or did not know the answer
Evidence in EEG studies
Resting-state neural activity has a standing influence on cognitive strategies used when solving problems, particularly in the case of deriving solutions by methodical search or by sudden insight[2] The two cognitive strategies used involve both search and analysis of current state of a problem, to the goal state of that problem, while insight problems are a sudden awareness of the solution to a problem[2]
Subjects studied were first recorded on the base-line resting state of thinking After being tested using the method described in the General Procedure for Conducting ERP and EEG Studies, the ratio of insight versus non-insight solution were made to determine whether an individual is classified as a high insight HI or a low insight LI individual Discriminating between HI and LI individuals were important as both groups use different cognitive strategies to solve anagram problems used in this study[2] Right hemisphere activation is believed to be involved in Aha! effects,[18] so it comes as no surprise that HI individuals would show greater activation in the right hemisphere than the left hemisphere when compared to the LI individuals Evidence was found to support this idea, there was greater activation in HI subjects at the right dorsal-frontal low-alpha band, right inferior-frontal beta and gamma bands and the right parietal gamma band areas[2] As for LI subjects, left inferior-frontal and left anterior-temporal areas were active low-alpha band
There were also differences in attention between individuals of HI and LI It has been suggested that individuals who are highly creative exhibit diffuse attention, thus allowing them a greater range of environmental stimuli[19] It was found that individuals who displayed HI would have less resting state occipital alpha-band activity, meaning there would be less inhibition of the visual system[2] Individuals that were less creative were found to focus their attention, thus causing them to sample less of their environment[19] Although, LI individuals were shown to have more occipital beta activity, consistent with heightened focused attention[2]
Evidence in ERP studies
These results are more reflective of models, rather than empirical evidence, as source localization is hard to determine precisely Due to the nature of these studies that use Chinese logographs, there is a difficulty in an exact translation; a language barrier certainly exists
There are some difficulties that exist in brain imaging when it comes to insight, thus making it hard to discuss neural mechanisms Issues include: that insight occurs when an unwarranted mental fixation is broken and when novel task related associations are formed on top of old cognitive skills
One theory discussed found that "Aha" answers produced more negative ERP results, N380 in the ACC, than the "No-Aha" answers, 250–500 ms, after an answer was produced[6] The authors suspected that this N380 in the ACC, which plays the role of a warning sign of breaking the mental set, was a reflection of the Aha! effect Another study was done showed that an Aha! effect was elicited at N320 which has a strong activation in the central-posterior region[20] These previous studies reflective the premise of the study, that the Aha! effect occurs in the anterior cingulate cortex, while this study finds results indicating the posterior cingulate cortex is responsible It was found that there was a N350 in the posterior cingulate cortex for successful guessing of logographs, not in the anterior cingulate cortex The posterior cingulate cortex seems to play a more non-executive function in monitoring and inhibiting the mind set and cognitive function[5]
Another significant finding of this study done by Qiu and Zhang 2008, was a late positive component LPC in successful guessing of the logograph and then recognition of the answer at 600 and 700 ms, post-stimulus, in the parahippocampal gyrus BA34 The data suggests that the parahippocampus is involved in searching of a correct answer by manipulating it in working memory, and integrating relationships between the base of the target logograph The parahippocampal gyrus may reflect the formation of novel associations while solving insight problem
Another ERP study is fairly similar to the Qiu and Zhang, 2008 study, however, this study claims to have anterior cingulate cortex activation at N380, which may be responsible for the mediation of breaking the mental set Other areas of interest were prefrontal cortex PFC, the posterior parietal cortex, and the medial temporal lobe If subjects failed to solve the riddle, and then were shown the correct answer, they displayed the feeling of insight, which reflected the electroencephalogram recordings
Overall, it is quite apparent that there are many aspects that can explain the Aha! effect No particular area has been determined but from the information gathered, it seems that insight occurs in many parts of the brain, within a given time period
Evidence in fMRI studies
A study with the goal of recording the activity that occurs in the brain during an Aha! moment using fMRIs was conducted in 2003 by Jing Luo and Kazuhisa Niki Participants in this study were presented with a series of Japanese riddles, and asked to rate their impressions toward each question using the following scale: 1 I can understand this question very well and know the answer; 2 I can understand this question very well and feel it is interesting, but I do not know the answer; or 3 I cannot understand this question and do not know the answer[21] This scale allowed the researchers to only look at participants who would experience an Aha! moment upon viewing the answer to the riddle In previous studies on insight, researchers have found that participants reported feelings of insight when they viewed the answer to an unsolved riddle or problem[21] Luo and Niki had the goal of recording these feelings of insight in their participants using fMRIs This method allowed the researchers to directly observe the activity that was occurring in the participant's brains during an Aha! momentAn example of a Japanese riddle used in the study: The thing that can move heavy logs, but cannot move a small nail → A river[21]
Participants were given 3 minutes to respond to each riddle, before the answer to the riddle was revealed If the participant experienced an Aha! moment upon viewing the correct answer, any brain activity would be recorded on the fMRI[21] The fMRI results for this study showed that when participants were given the answer to an unsolved riddle, the activity in their right hippocampus increased significantly during these Aha! moments This increased activity in the right hippocampus may be attributed to the formation of new associations between old nodes[21] These new associations will in turn strengthen memory for the riddles and their solutions
Although various studies using EEGs, ERPs, and fMRI's report activation in a variety of areas in the brain during Aha! moments, it is interesting to note that this activity occurs predominantly in the right hemisphere More details on the neural basis of insight see a recent review named "New advances in the neural correlates of insight: A decade in review of the insightful brain[22]"
Insight problems and problems with insight
Insight problems
The Nine Dot ProblemThe Nine Dot Problem with solution Most individuals fail to draw lines beyond the dots that compose the square, and are unable to solve this puzzle
The Nine Dot Problem is a classic spatial problem used by psychologists to study insight The problem consists of a 3 × 3 square created by 9 black dots The task is to connect all 9 dots using exactly 4 straight lines, without retracing or removing one's pen from the paper Kershaw & Ohlsson[23] report that in a laboratory setting with a time limit of 2 or 3 minutes, the expected solution rate is 0%
The difficulty with the Nine Dot Problem is that it requires respondents to look beyond the conventional figure-ground relationships that create subtle, illusory spatial constraints and literally "think outside of the box" Breaking the spatial constraints shows a shift in attention in working memory and utilizing new knowledge factors to solve the puzzle
Verbal riddles
Verbal riddles are becoming popular problems in insight research
Example: "A man was washing windows on a high-rise building when he fell from the 40-foot ladder to the concrete path below Amazingly, he was unhurt Why He slipped from the bottom rung!"
Matchstick arithmetic
Matchstick arithmetic, which was developed and used by G Knoblich,[24] involves matchsticks that are arranged to show a simple but incorrect math equation in Roman numerals The task is to correct the equation by moving only one matchstickTwo examples of Matchstick Arithmetic Problems
Anagrams involve manipulating the order of a given set of letters in order to create one or many words The original set of letters may be a word itself, or simply a jumble
Example: Santa can be transformed to spell Satan
Rebus puzzles
Rebus puzzles, also called "wordies", involve verbal and visual cues that force the respondent to restructure and "read between the lines" almost literally to solve the puzzle
Some examples:
- Puzzle: you just me
- Puzzle: PUNISHMENT
- Puzzle:
Remote Associates Test RATMain article: Remote Associates Test
The Remote Associates Test known as the RAT was developed by Martha Mednick in 1962[25] to test creativity However, it has recently been utilized in insight research
The test consists of presenting participants with a set of words, such as lick, mine, and shaker The task is to identify the word that connects these three seemingly unrelated ones In this example, the answer is salt The link between words is associative, and does not follow rules of logic, concept formation or problem solving, and thus requires the respondent to work outside of these common heuristical constraints
Performance on the RAT is known to correlate with performance on other standard insight problems[26]
The Eight Coin Problem
In this problem a set of 8 coins is arranged on a table in a certain configuration, and the subject is told to move 2 coins so that all coins touch exactly three others The difficulty in this problem comes from thinking of the problem in a purely 2-dimensional way, when a 3-dimensional approach is the only way to solve the problem[27]
Problems with insight
Insight research is problematic because of the ambiguity and lack of agreement among psychologists of its definition[28] This could largely be explained by the phenomenological nature of insight, and the difficulty in catalyzing its occurrence, as well as the ways in which it is experimentally "triggered"
The pool of insight problems currently employed by psychologists is small and tepid, and due to its heterogeneity and often high difficulty level, is not conducive of validity or reliability
One of the biggest issues surrounding insight problems is that for most participants, they're simply too difficult For many problems, this difficulty revolves around the requisite restructuring or re-conceptualization of the problem or possible solutions, for example, drawing lines beyond the square composed of dots in the Nine-Dot Problem
Furthermore, there are issues related to the taxonomy of insight problems Puzzles and problems that are utilized in experiments to elicit insight may be classified in two ways "Pure" insight problems are those that necessitate the use of insight, whereas "hybrid" insight problems are those that can be solved by other methods, such as the trial and error[29] As Weisberg 1996 points out, the existence of hybrid problems in insight research poses a significant threat to any evidence gleaned from studies that employ them While the phenomenological experience of insight can help to differentiate insight-solving from non-insight solving by asking the respondent to describe how they solved the problem, for example, the risk that non-insight solving has been mistaken for insight solving still exists Likewise, issues surrounding the validity of insight evidence is also threatened by the characteristically small sample sizes Experimenters may recruit an initially adequate sample size, but because of the level of difficulty inherent to insight problems, only a small fraction of any sample will successfully solve the puzzle or task given to them; placing serious limits on usable data In the case of studies using hybrid problems, the final sample is at even greater risk of being very small by way of having to exclude whatever percentage of respondents solved their given puzzle without utilizing insight
The Aha! effect and scientific discovery
There are several examples of scientific discoveries being made after a sudden flash of insight One of the key insights in developing his special theory of relativity came to Albert Einstein while talking to his friend Michele Besso:
I started the conversation with him in the following way: "Recently I have been working on a difficult problem Today I come here to battle against that problem with you" We discussed every aspect of this problem Then suddenly I understood where the key to this problem lay Next day I came back to him again and said to him, without even saying hello, "Thank you I've completely solved the problem"[30]
However, Einstein has said that the whole idea of special relativity did not come to him as a sudden, single eureka moment,[31] and that he was "led to it by steps arising from the individual laws derived from experience"[31] Similarly, Carl Friedrich Gauss said after a eureka moment: "I have the result, only I do not yet know how to get to it"[31][32]
Sir Alec Jeffreys had a eureka moment in his lab in Leicester after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment at 9:05 am on Monday 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family[33][34] Within about half an hour, he realized the scope of DNA profiling, which uses variations in the genetic code to identify individuals The method has become important in forensic science to assist detective work, and in resolving paternity and immigration disputes[33] It can also be applied to non-human species, such as in wildlife population genetics studies Before his methods were commercialised in 1987, Jeffreys' laboratory was the only centre carrying out DNA fingerprinting in the world[citation needed]
In popular psychology
Oprah Winfrey
Popular culture has its own views of the Aha! effect Although both are defined as that moment of insight that changes one's state of mind, its applications greatly differ Where scientists have focused on understanding the mechanisms of insights as well as how and where Aha! moments occur in the brain, Oprah Winfrey has taken this phenomenon and turned it into a popular and well-recognized state of mind By focusing on the emotional and life changing occurrences an individual experiences, Oprah views the Aha! effect as a sudden moment of realization, where an individual recognizes that they need to make a change or move forward in life Oprah includes Aha! Moments in her monthly magazine, O: The Oprah Magazine, and commonly made references to these moments of insight on her now concluded television show, Oprah[35]
See also
- Apprehension understanding
- Rubber duck debugging
- ^ a b c d Auble, P; Franks, J; Soraci, S 1979 "Effort toward comprehension: Elaboration or aha!" Memory & Cognition 7: 426–434 doi:103758/bf03198259
- ^ a b c d e f g Kounios, Fleck; Green, Payne; Stevenson, Bowden; Jung-Beeman 2008 "The Origins of Insight in Resting-State Brain Activity" Neuropsychologia 46: 281–291 doi:101016/jneuropsychologia200707013
- ^ Topolinski, S; Reber, R 2010 "Gaining insight into the "Aha"-experience" Current Directions in Psychological Science 19: 402–405 doi:101177/0963721410388803
- ^ Wray, H 2011 "Aha! The 23-Across Phenomenon" APS Observer 24: 1
- ^ a b Qui & Zhang 2008 "Aha! Effects in a Guessing Chinese Logograph Task: An Event-Related Potential Study Chinese Science Bulletin 53 3, 384–391
- ^ a b Mai, Luo; Wu; Lo, Y 2004 ""Aha!" Effects in a Guessing Riddle Task: An Event-Related Potential Study" Human Brain Mapping 22: 261–270 doi:101002/hbm20030
- ^ Fact or Fiction: Archimedes Coined the Term "Eureka!" in the Bath, Scientific American
- ^ Shen, W; Yuan, Y; Liu, C; Luo, J 2015 "In search of the 'Aha!' experience: Elucidating the emotionality of insight problem-solving" British Journal of Psychology 107: 281–298 doi:101111/bjop12142
- ^ MacGregor, J; Ormerod, T; Chronicle, E 2001 "Information processing and insight: A process model of performance on the nine-dot and related problems" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 27: 176–201 doi:101037/0278-7393271176
- ^ Knoblich, G; Ohlsson, S; Raney, G E 2001 "An eye movement study of insight problem solving" Memory & Cognition 29: 1000–1009 doi:103758/bf03195762
- ^ Jones, G 2003 "Testing two cognitive theories of insight" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 29 5: 1017–1027 doi:101037/0278-73932951017
- ^ Wills, TW; et al 2006 "The Aha Effect in Groups and Other Dynamic Learning Contexts" The Journal of General Psychology 133 3: 221–236 doi:103200/genp1333221-236 CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al link
- ^ Peynircioglu, F 1989 "The generation effect with pictures and nonsense figures" Acta Psychologica 70: 153–160 doi:101016/0001-69188990018-8
- ^ Wills, T; Soraci, S; Chechile, R; Taylor, H 2000 ""Aha" effects in the generation of pictures" Memory & Cognition 28: 939–948 doi:103758/bf03209341
- ^ Jung-Beeman, Mark; Bowden, Edward M; Haberman, Jason; Frymiare, Jennifer L; Arambel-Li, Stella; Greenblatt, Richard; Rebe, Paul J; Kounios, John 2004, "Neural Activity When People Solve Verbal Problems with Insight", PLoS Biology, 2 4, p e97, doi:101371/journalpbio0020097, PMC 387268 , PMID 15094802
- ^ a b Scientific American Mind, October/November 2006
- ^ Wagner, U et al 2004 Sleep Inspires Insight, Nature 427, pp 352–355
- ^ Bowden, E M; Jung-Beeman, M; Fleck, J; Kounios, J 2005 "New approaches to demystifying insight" Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9: 322–328 doi:101016/jtics200505012
- ^ a b Friedman, R S; Forster, J 2005 "Effects of motivational cues on perceptual asymmetry: Implications for creativity and analytical problem solving" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88: 263–275 doi:101037/0022-3514882263
- ^ Zhang, Q; Qiu, J; Cao, G 2004 "A review and hypothesis about the cognitive mechanism of insight" Psychology Science 27: 1435–1437
- ^ a b c d e Luo, Jing; Niki, Kazuhisa 2003 "Function of Hippocampus in "Insight" of Problem Solving" Hippocampus 13: 316–323 doi:101002/hipo10069
- ^ Shen, WangBing; Luo, Jing; Liu, Chang; Yuan, Yuan 2013 "New advances in the neural correlates of insight: A decade in review of the insightful brain" Chinese Science Bulletin 58 13: 1497–1511 doi:101007/s11434-012-5565-5
- ^ Kershaw, T; Ohlsson, S 2004 "Multiple Causes of Difficulty in Insight: The Case of Nine-Dot Problem" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 30: 3–13 doi:101037/0278-73933013
- ^ Knoblich, G; Ohlsson, S; Haider, H; Rhenius, D 1999 "Constraint, Relaxation and Chunk Decomposition in Insight Problem Solving" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 25: 1534–1555 doi:101037/0278-73932561534
- ^ Mednick, M 1963 "Research Creativity in Psychology Graduate Students" Journal of Consulting Psychology 27: 265–266 doi:101037/h0042429
- ^ Ollinger, M; Jones, G; Knoblich, G 2008 "Investigating the Effect of Mental Set on Insight Problem Solving" Experimental Psychology 55: 269–282 doi:101027/1618-3169554269
- ^ Ormerod, T; Chronicle, E; Macgregor, J 2002 "Dynamics and Constraints in Insight Problem Solving" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 23: 791–799
- ^ MacGregor, J; Cunningham, B 2008 "Rebus puzzles as insight problems" Behavior Research Methods 40: 263–268 doi:103758/brm401263
- ^ Chronicle, E; MacGregor, J; Ormerod, T 2004 "What Makes an Insight Problem The roles of heuristics, goal conception, and solution recoding in knowledge learning-problems" Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 30: 14–27 doi:101037/0278-739330114
- ^ Einstein, Albert August 1982, "How I created the theory of relativity" PDF, Physics Today, pp 45–47, retrieved 2013-05-15
- ^ a b c Moszkowski, Alexander 1972 Conversations with Einstein London: Sidgwick & Jackson pp 96–97 ISBN 0-283-97924-0
- ^ Dunnington, Guy Waldo; Gray, Jeremy; Dohse, Fritz-Egbert 2004 Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science The Mathematical Association of America p 418 ISBN 0-88385-547-X
- ^ a b "Desert Island Discs with Alec Jeffreys" Desert Island Discs 2007-12-09 BBC Radio 4
- ^ Newton, Giles 2004-02-04 "Discovering DNA fingerprinting: Sir Alec Jeffreys describes its development" Wellcome Trust Archived from the original on 15 November 2010 Retrieved 23 December 2007
- ^ http://wwwoprahcom/packages/aha-momentshtml
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(Reuters) - General Motors Co (GM.N) and its Chinese joint-venture partners said they plan to build a $1 billion auto assembly plant in the city of Chongqing in a bid to remain the leader in the world's largest auto market.
GM, SAIC Motor Corp (600104.SS) and Wuling Motors Holdings Ltd (0305.HK) said on Wednesday they will begin construction of the plant early next year, pending government approvals. The 6.6 billion Chinese yuan ($1.06 billion) first phase is scheduled to start in 2015.
The plant in southwestern China will have annual production capacity of 400,000 vehicles, but the partners did not disclose what vehicles will be built there. It also will have the capacity to build 400,000 engines annually, a GM spokesman said.
The new plant is part of SAIC-GM-Wuling's push to reach a production target of 2 million vehicles per year by the end of 2015. GM invests $1 billion annually in China.
Chongqing, one of China's largest cities, is home to Ford Motor Co (F.N) and its Chinese partner Changan Automobile Co(000625.SZ).
GM, whose Chinese joint venture began building vehicles in 1999, had a leading 14 percent of China's market of 18.5 million vehicles last year - just ahead of Volkswagen AG(VOWG_p.DE), which also counts SAIC as a partner.
Earlier this month, GM and its Chinese partners opened a plant in the southern city of Liuzhou for its low-cost Baojun brand. That plant will also eventually have an annual production capacity of 400,000 vehicles.
GM has said it expects sales in China to hit as many as 20 million this year, and Chief Executive Dan Akerson previously predicted annual industry sales in China will hit 30 million vehicles by the end of the decade.
In addition to the Baojun brand, GM's portfolio in China includes Buick, Chevrolet, Cadillac, Opel, Wuling and Jiefang.
In September, GM opened a large vehicle test track west of Shanghai. GM and its partners invested $252 million to build what officials called the country's largest proving ground.
In addition to Liuzhou, the joint venture currently operates a plant in Qingdao. GM and SAIC, through a different joint venture, also have a plant in Shanghai, and several more in northeast China.
Reporting by Ben Klayman in Detroit; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick and Jeffrey Benkoe


text:
Jack Kerouac Memorial in Lowell, Massachusetts
Wikipedia has a huge write-up about Jack, who was born in Lowell 90 years ago (yesterday), and is buried in Lowell (see below).
In the spring, I hope to take better photos, before the trees are full.
Directions to Jack's marker at Edson Cemetery, Lowell, MA.


text:
Continued from: Where Paranormal Investigators and Ghost Hunters Tred - Part I
Just out of curiosity, I've mentally put myself in the position of the 'client'. The person who initiated the investigation by calling in the paranormal investigative team. Let's say I'm the caretaker for a historic building and many day that I work there I experience 'things'. So I call in a paranormal investigative group. The team has completed the investigation and they have collected all the evidence. They have done the 'reveal'. They have shown me that what I've been seeing and hearing is actually there, and not my imagination. I've received proof that something is there when I feel my hair being lifted, when my shoulders get touched. I understand better when papers fly off my desk by themselves without a window being open and the hvac system being off. So I wasn't crazy when I discovered drawers opened, when I know I shut them. Then it wasn't a dream when I couldn't open the door, it being seemingly locked, only to find it wide open ten minutes later. Ok. I'm grateful to have validation of what I've been experiencing. But then what?
Can they help me somehow? Can they help when the activity is present, and fear hits the pit of my stomach like a boulder, making me feel like I just want to run? What exaclty can they do? What ultimately do they accomplish? I've heard many, many stories where a homeowner, having paranormal activity calls in a paranormal investigative team. After all is said and done and the team leaves, the activity increases. Increases? Yikes! To me, personally, that would be quite unsettling if not scary.
I've read the mission statements from many paranormal investigative goups and teams - those who have one. Most of them seem similar. Their goal is to investigate and document paranormal activity. They want to scientifically prove the parnormal. Some also add that they wish to assist those with paranormal problems. Therefore, my question remains. How do they do that? What exactly are they qualified to do to 'help'? There were those that state they use their gifts combined with scienitific equipment to collect scientific data. That's great, but how does that help? If I was someone in need of help in the paranormal, I would be expecting to know what help they offer. Is it scientific? Is it from their 'gifts'? What exactly are they going to do?
When I go to a doctor (another scientific and gifted helper), I'm usually told what test is going to be done. It's not shrouded in mystery. I know what a tongue depresser does, or an x-ray machine. I know that when I get an injection what it's for, what that needle contains. I am told by the medical professional what was found through the testing and what options there are to 'help' the situation that was found. So again, what exactly do they do to help?
Now don't get me wrong, I do understand that encompassing the paranormal in a fully scientific way is in it's very early stages, if it's at all possible to encompass this field in a fully scientific way. That, from a scientific standpoint it's a new horizon of discovery. We need to remember though that ghosts and what goes bump in the night have been around as long as man has. It is not a new phenomena. It's just being approached in a new scienitific way.
All that is great. I applaud all who go forth to conquer new frontiers. Yet I have a great apprehension in the pit of my stomach. As described above, where activity can increase after an investigation, it is a pretty tentative proposition, in my opinion, to jump right into something that one knows nothing or very little about. Especially when there are real dangers that could be encountered.


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Looking for events in the Alexandria, Virginia area? Alexandria, Virginia offers a wide range of events, from music concerts to food festivals to museum displays, exhibits and family fun. Use our listings of Alexandria featured and ongoing events to find the perfect activity for you and/or your family.
NOTE: Due to the ongoing Coronavirus outbreak, we're constantly updating the list of events. Check with the event organizer for status.
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'Dino Summer' at Smithsonian's National Zoo
August 18, 2019
An event every day that begins at 12:00 am, repeating until August 31, 2019
This summer visitors can travel back millions of years as the Smithsonian's National Zoo presents a "Dino Summer" featuring two dinosaur experiences of prehistoric proportions — "Erth's Dinosaur Zoo Live," an experiential theater production featuring a larger-than-life cast of dinosaur puppets, and "DinoRoars," an outdoor exhibit of six massive animatronic dinosaurs that move and roar.
Visitors will be able to look up and listen as the roar of a 39-foot-long T. rex joins the symphony of Zoo animal chirps, squawks and chuffs. "DinoRoars" will be unextinct from June 1 to Aug. 31 and feature life-size animatronic interpretations of dinosaurs. On exhibit will be Compsognathus, Dilophosaurus, Parasaurolophus and babies, Stegosaurus and baby, Quetzalcoatlus and babies and T. rex. Each dinosaur is fitted with electronic brains to activate and control movements and produce the sounds. Admission to the Zoo and "DinoRoars" is free.
Opening June 1, "Erth's Dinosaur Zoo Live" takes audiences on a prehistoric journey into a new dimension where they get to meet a menagerie of insects and dinosaurs that roamed the planet millions of years ago. Featuring life-sized dinosaur puppets brought to life by sophisticated design and theatrical presentation and puppet mastery, these amazingly life-like dinosaur recreations connect children to paleontology and according to The New York Times deliver "solid science as well an extraordinary spectacle." This interactive production features 19 dinosaurs on stage including Triceratops, T. rex, Megneura, Leaellynasaura, Titanosaur and more.
"Erth's Dinosaur Zoo Live" will perform 30-minute shows at 10:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m. and at 4:30 p.m. Tuesday through Sunday in the Zoo's indoor air-conditioned Visitor Center Theater. Tickets are $10 for adults and $8 for children, with discounts available for FONZ members and groups of four or more via a "four-asauras" ticket pack. An exclusive photo experience with a dinosaur puppet wi
ll also be available and built into "four-asaurus" ticket packs. Group tickets are also available. Tickets go on sale May 8 to the general public and May 1 to FONZ members.
For more information on this event, click this link.
To become a FONZ (Friend of the National Zoo), visit this link.


text:
Luol Deng of the Chicago Bulls was named as the Sportsman of the Year in the NBA for his activities in the community. One of the many programs of his Luol Deng Foundation is hosting a Thanksgiving dinner for the
needy. At Eli's we are delighted to have supported Luol for all three of his Thanksgiving Dinners this year at the Pacific Gaden Mission
November 21, 2007 – The Chicago Bulls and Luol Deng will provide Thanksgiving dinner for more than 700 visitors to the Pacific Garden Mission (1458 S. Canal Street | Chicago, IL) today beginning at 5 p.m.
Deng, along with the help from his foundation, the Bulls, Eli's Cheesecake, Randolph Flowers, Hinckley Springs, Fields Auto Group and Infinite Logistics will donate and serve a Thanksgiving dinner and Chicago's Eli's Cheesecake to the men visiting the homeless shelter that evening. After dinner, Deng will provide each guest with a Bulls gift to celebrate the holiday.
Deng will also be joined by teammates Joakim Noah, Chris Duhon and Thabo Sefolosha as well as team mascot Benny the Bull as they personally assist with serving dinner to the 700 diners.
The Luol Deng Foundation is dedicated to assisting those in need by providing resources and creating opportunities for a better way of life. With hope, integrity and faith as values, our wellness, educational and recreational programs encourage and promote progress and improvement in our community and in Sudan.
Since 1877, Pacific Garden Mission has been a refuge for those weary of struggling through life's storms. It is the oldest, continuously-operating, rescue mission in the country. Countless millions have come to the "Old Lighthouse" in Chicago seeking food, shelter and clothing as well as medical and dental care. Many also come seeking the answer to their ongoing struggle


text:
Swimming for men and women has been a part of the Paralympic program since the first Games in 1960 in Rome, Italy. Today, the races are highly competitive and among the largest and most popular events in the Paralympic Games. Paralympic swimming competitions occur in 50-meter pools and, while competing, no prostheses or assistive devices may be worn.
Paralympic swimming competition is open to male and female athletes with physical disabilities such as dwarfism, amputation/limb loss, blindness/visual impairment, spinal cord injury/wheelchair-users, cerebral palsy/brain injury/stroke, cognitive impairment and Les autres.
For more information on U.S. Paralympics Swimming, email firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
David Cleavinger distinctly remembers looking out to his cornfields on a recent 111-degree summer day in Wildorado, Texas. Winds were whipping the stalks at 40 mph, and despite the puddles of water settling in the irrigated corn rows, he knew his crop would barely stand a chance this season.
"We have irrigation, but it doesn't matter how much irrigation you have," he said of the frustratingly fruitless work. In the face of violent winds and extreme heat, Cleavinger's corn was barely able to take in the little available water before it quickly evaporated. "When these winds come across these plains, there's nothing to stop them," he said of the treeless landscape he calls home.
Cleavinger, who farms about 3,500 acres with his son in the Panhandle town, has been growing corn, wheat and cotton and raising cattle for 33 years. None compares to this year, when the combination of brutal heat, relentless winds and no rain created one of the most difficult years in history for Texas agriculture.
Many farmers across Texas, as well as parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas and New Mexico -- areas under extreme drought conditions, according to the latest U.S. Drought Monitor -- are reporting the toughest season they've ever seen.
Officials with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, one of the agencies that run the Drought Monitor, foresee continued drought through the end of the year (ClimateWire, Sept. 16). But climatologists say there is strong possibility that the drought, nearing 12 months in duration, may extend to become a multi-year event, spanning several growing seasons. This could have painful consequences to the agricultural sector, with few tools for relief.
A double dip of La Niña
The conditions today are a far cry from the climate only a year ago, when favorable weather fostered confidence in farmers eager to take advantage of rising commodity prices.
La Niña -- the weather event marked by cooling Pacific temperatures that stimulate warming in the center of the country -- kick-started the drought last fall. La Niña persisted through the critical rain months of spring, said Brian Fuchs, a climatologist with the National Drought Mitigation Center. By June, the duration of the drought had already broken records. By August, climate trackers were seeing the possibility for a disastrous prolongation due to the return of La Niña.
"All of a sudden, we saw 50-50 chance [of La Niña re-emerging]," said Fuchs. "That is really not good news."
The long-term forecast is grim. "Everything, scientifically, is leaning toward this being a multi-year event," said Fuchs.
"We can call it a consensus [among climatologists] of an increased chance that it's back," added Gary McManus, associate state climatologist for Oklahoma. "We can't say for certain that it will be La Niña effect, but the odds are in its favor."
Multi-year events are not rare in themselves, and are often a defining attribute of droughts. By nature, droughts -- especially severe ones -- are slow to ramp up and slow to recover, said Fuchs. That sets them apart from other natural disasters. But the timing of these back-to-back La Niña events has not been kind to the Southern Plains, said McManus.
"At least in Oklahoma, it's been quite some time since we've had two cycles of drought against two cycles of wheat," he said. So far, the drought has cost the state $2 billion in losses, according to the state Department of Agriculture.
The last multi-season drought lasted from 2007 to 2009 through Alabama and Georgia, with a much smaller footprint than the current drought.
Tropical storm season in the Gulf of Mexico could provide some relief to Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. But the window of opportunity is waning, as storms tend to subside by Thanksgiving.
"We're getting to the end of the season," said Dale Mohler, an agricultural meteorologist with Accuweather.com. "The blocking high [pressure area] that has promoted the dryness and heat is still there, and that keeps the moisture away." Mohler expects La Niña to persist through February.
"The odds are very high that rainfall will be below normal," he said. "Those storms will be too few and too far between."
Thirsty seeds put farmers in a bind
Texas agriculture has suffered $8.7 billion in losses. The Lubbock area, which grows two-thirds of the state's cotton, has felt a $2.3 billion loss in the production of the leading cash crop.
Cleavinger, the Texas Panhandle farmer, did grow crops this year, but not without a large number of inputs and humbling losses. In most years, he harvests 60 bushels of wheat. This year, it was 25. His corn harvest was 40 percent less than last year.
Texas ranch
Bruce Nelson, administrator of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm Service Agency, discusses the damage to a wildfire-scorched ranch last month with two Texas ranchers. Photo courtesy of USDA.
"We started pumping water on the first of March, and the irrigation never shut off until a week ago," he said. "That's unheard of."
In Oklahoma, farmers are 15 to 20 inches low on rain, said McManus. A sprinkling of rain on winter wheat seeds will help them germinate, getting them far enough along to reach the winter dormancy period, when water is less important. But a good rainy season throughout the winter months will be essential for soil moisture.
Wheat farmers are in a bind to plant their seed. Few have chosen to invest in certified seed, opting for saved, bin-run seed. Some, like Cleavinger, are hoping the seed will feel just enough rain to carry the seed through dormancy.
"Producers are very leery of putting seed into the ground," said Fuchs. Despite the slim odds for success, many wheat farmers will keep on planting. Several crop insurance plans insist that farmers sow seeds to be covered. The little wheat that does make it past dormancy will be cattle feed, said Cleavinger.
The seed that does go in won't be the latest-generation certified seed from agricultural companies, but saved seed. Irrigated acres will be cut off and heartier varieties planted, said Steelee Fischbacher, spokeswoman for the Texas Wheat Producers Association.
Short- and long-term damage
The Federal Emergency Management Agency does not recognize drought as a disaster, said Fuchs, limiting the federal aid sources that farmers can receive. Safety nets for traditional crop insurance policies have dropped. Farmers are unable to reach the actual production history -- the average yield figure that insurance companies use to determine payouts for losses -- and they are left to absorb the difference.
The Obama administration strongly supports disaster assistance programs that protect farmers in their time of greatest need. To strengthen this support, the administration proposes to extend these programs, or similar types of disaster assistance that are of a similar cost, for the 2012-2016 crops.
The programs provide assistance to those who have suffered losses in farm revenue, livestock or the ability to graze their livestock and losses due to diseases or adverse weather. The Agriculture Department's Farm Service Agency is allowing farmers to graze cattle and collect hay on normally off-limits conservation land until the end of October.
Cotton has been surviving on its irrigation. Farmers are resting assured for now, given that the planting season for cotton won't begin until next spring. If the drought extends to then, farmers may not have that option.
"Water supplies are dwindling," said Mohler. "That's just more consumption with no replenishment."
But on the ground, farmers are maintaining hope. "As long as we get a little bit of rain, we should be able to make a little bit in the spring," said Fischbacher.
Some losses will take longer to recover. Cattle farmers will need many years to replenish their losses, as long-term genetic bloodlines for top-bred cattle have died off en masse.
But Fuchs, who has studied drought throughout the country, fears this will accelerate the loss of full-time farmers, rippling through the social and economic fabric of small towns. "For the older generation, they've sold off, and they're not coming back," he said.
Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from Environment & Energy Publishing, LLC. www.eenews.net, 202-628-6500
U.S. Farmers on Southern Plains Brace for Multiyear Drought
The drought gripping the southern plains of the U.S. will not end anytime soon
David Cleavinger distinctly remembers looking out to his cornfields on a recent 111-degree summer day in Wildorado, Texas. Winds were whipping the stalks at 40 mph, and despite the puddles of water settling in the irrigated corn rows, he knew his crop would barely stand a chance this season.


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We should've known this was coming. First there was the Snuggie -- a strange-looking blanket with sleeves, perfect for cuddling up on the couch, or pub crawls. Now there's the guide to sex in Snuggies -- and it's illustrated.
News of the Snuggie Sutra -- you know, like Kama Sutra, the ancient handbook of every sexual position you never thought of? -- first came to us via NY Mag's Daily Intel, but we admit we were too intrigued (and disturbed) to not check it out for ourselves.
"There's never been a solution to having sex while avoiding a chill. Until the Snuggie," boasts TheSnuggieSutra.com.
U.S. & World
Go to the site, if you dare, and take a look at the 10 positions for sex in Snuggies; you've got the tablecloth, the cuddly puppy, pigs in a blanket and uh, we'll let you explore the rest for yourselves – we know you want to.
And good news for anyone who has better ideas on how to optimize the Snuggie in bed: You can submit your own sexual positions! Click here and use the form at the bottom.
Oh, and for all you doubters out there who think a Slanket or a bathrobe could substitute for Snuggie sex, we ask you to consider why no one's taken the time to create a "Slanket Sutra" or a "Bathrobe Sutra." Yea, that's right, because they don't work half as well!
DISCLAIMER: The Snuggie doesn't protect against STDs or prevent pregnancy.
And how does the Snuggie react to bodily fluids? OK, that's where we're going to stop. Go to the site and find out for yourself.


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Whip It
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Calvin Marshall
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Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
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Only In NY: Dude Blacked Out On A Female In NYC Train.. Disrespects & Calls Her Willy Wonka! (Went Too Far)
In the 4 train. Submitted by kwaku
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Ride to Mt. Tam, continue to Stinson Beach. https://goo.gl/maps/6tu931uGRq82
Meet here: https://api.plugshare.com/view/location/44604, come early if you need to charge. I'll come early, plug in my J-plug 5-bike C13 splitter, hang out by the Google Starbuck wifi at the North end of the mall. If you need some level 1 charging, feel free park next to mine and plug into my splitter.
Lunch at Siren Canteen, get there by noon, beat the lunch rush.
Brian confirms the food is good, and the charger is capable. No guarantees we'll get it, but 101 to the beach is just 21 miles and our Zeros are efficient.
It's not a Zero-specific event. Other electric motorcycles, and the e-curious are welcome. No stinky belchers, please.


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Another day and another spammer on the forum.
Would it be possible to have a report button on the forum so we can at least notify the mods when these morons appear.
It doesn't look good when a forum, for what is after all a business company, has to be plagued with these posts.
Just my thoughts on the issue of course but I'm getting really fed up seeing them all the time.


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Ross Cockrell recaps the victory over the Redskins
First-round draft choice Andrew Thomas caught up with Giants.com's Madelyn Burke about the progress he has made this offseason.
Head coach Joe Judge spoke remotely to Giants play-by-play announcer Bob Papa about the state of the team at the end of the offseason program.
Safety Xavier McKinney, a second-round pick by the Giants, joins John Schmeelk to discuss the new defense and what he's looking forward to at training camp.
Veteran guard Kevin Zeitler joins John Schmeelk to discuss the progress the Giants made throughout the virtual offseason program and getting ready for the upcoming season.
Second-year defensive back Julian Love joins Madelyn Burke to discuss how Joe Judge has brought the team together this offseason despite the virtual setting.
Second-year wide receiver Darius Slayton talks with Madelyn Burke about making the most of the virtual offseason program and how he trains at home.
David Diehl chats with Golden Tate to update the progress of the offseason and talk 2020 goals, presented by the Hess Toy Truck
Running back Saquon Barkley speaks on his excitement about the new offensive system under Jason Garrett.
Quarterback Daniel Jones discusses stepping into a leadership role this offseason.
Defensive tackle Dalvin Tomlinson discusses learning the new defense and early impressions of the new coaching staff.
Giants Coach Joe Judge updates the progess of team's virtual offseason program in a video chat with the media
Chris Williamson on first reactions after being drafted by Giants
TJ Brunson on what drove him to be a competitive football player
Cam Brown on what he brings to the Giants' defense
Shane Lemieux on being versatile on the O-Line
Carter Coughlin on reuniting with Ryan Connelly and joining Big Blue
Coach Joe Judge and general manager Dave Gettleman recapped the 10-member class on the final night of the draft.
Second round pick Xavier McKinney talks about his excitement on becoming a New York Giant with Bob Papa, Shaun O'Hara and David Diehl.
7th round picks Carter Coughlin, TJ Brunson, Chris Williamson and Tae Crowder discuss joining the Giants with John Schmeelk.
Fourth round pick Darnay Holmes is ready to contribute to the Giants.
Third round pick Matt Peart chats to the media about becoming a Giant.
Fourth round pick Darnay Holmes talks about joining the Giants with John Schmeelk.
Fifth round pick Shane Lemieux talks about joining the Giants with John Schmeelk.
Sixth round pick Cam Brown talks about joining the Giants with John Schmeelk.
Third round pick Matt Peart talks about fulfilling his dream of becoming a Giant with Bob Papa, Shaun O'Hara and David Diehl.


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Holding on: Markets still booming in Belmont, despite hold-ups and Kluge competition
Want to go back in time, but don't want to risk leaving loved ones behind or irreparably altering the future? Here's an idea. Head to one of the mom and pop markets dotting the Belmont landscape.
Most of these stores have been around at least 50 years, and though the original owners are long gone, the new owners claim that the feel of the stores is pretty much the same as it ever was.
Beer and cigarettes may be the most popular items at these markets, but if you live in the neighborhood, they're also a one-stop source for milk, bread, canned goods, dog food, even fishing bait or– in one case– a bottle of reasonably priced fine wine.
They're a fixture and a necessity for the people who depend on them. But can these markets survive the influx of wealthier residents to the traditionally blue-collar neighborhood– as well as the encroachment of upscale businesses such as Mas, and in a few weeks, Fuel [see sidebar]?
The Hook spoke with owners of five of the Belmont markets [The Holiday Food and Deli on Monticello Road didn't make the cut because its owner lives in Denver], and learned that running a neighborhood convenience store is not all fun and games.
Most have been robbed at gun- or knife-point at least once. They work backbreaking hours, cope with shoplifting on a daily basis, and struggle with the bottom line.
But the owners of these historic stores all say the regular customers make the hardships worthwhile.
"We're here for the neighborhood," says Tommy Lynch, owner of the Belmont Market. "We know most of the people by name."
Belmont Market
Location: 834 Monticello Loop, near Mas
Tommy and Trudy Lynch bought Belmont Market a mere five years ago, but Tommy's history with the store goes back decades.
The Market opened in the 1930s, and Lynch arrived on the scene in 1958, when he got his first job stocking beverages as "bottle boy" at age 12. By his mid-teens he'd graduated to delivery boy, toting groceries to nearby customers on his bicycle. "This was a big store," he recalls, explaining how the road in front used to be a main thoroughfare in and out of town.
Did he ever dream he'd be the owner?
"I always hoped," he says, "but you know how that is."
These days, you can find Tommy or his wife, Trudy, in the store chatting with the regulars. A photo "wall of fame" documents "big" lottery winners, and Trudy cooks up hot meals at a counter in the back.
Like many old-time store owners, the Lynches reside in a house attached to the store. Often during the day they go back and forth between the two without having to step outside.
While Belmont has been undergoing a radical transformation the last five years, Tommy says it hasn't hurt business. Even the addition of upscale tapas bar Mas just across the street hasn't affected the Market, which closes at 7:30, just as Mas is gearing up.
And as for Patricia Kluge's new gas station/convenience store/restaurant, Fuel, Tommy approves. "That is a neat name," he says. And the highbrow concept? "It shows you what money can do!" he says.
But Tommy says that for him and Trudy it's not about the green– and he doesn't expect to lose customers to Kluge.
"The Belmont Market," he says, "will always be here."
The Store
Location: 1201 Sixth Street, S.E.
Tucked away on Sixth Street, west of Avon Street, The Store, as it's officially named, is off the radar of most city dwellers. But it's been an integral part of the west Belmont neighborhood since it opened "back in the '30s," according to owner Firoz Vohra, who purchased it a year and a half ago.
Vohra had managed two other local convenience stores– Spencer's Market on Fifth Street, and Holiday Food and Deli on Monticello Road– until he made the move to ownership. "This was an opportunity to have my own," he says.
Though the most popular items at The Store– as at all the others– are cigarettes and beer, he says customers travel from as far away as Scottsville for his "special recipe" fried fish.
But while he enjoys getting to know patrons from near and far, he says running a convenience store is grueling work: He's there 13 hours a day, seven days a week.
"I don't get rest," he sighs. "I'm occupied the whole day and night."
Unlike several other market owners, Vohra says he's been lucky– he hasn't been robbed "yet." For the first three months or so, "there were problems," he admits, in the form of shoplifting, vandalism, and verbal insults, as the neighborhood adjusted to a new owner. Now he feels the neighbors look out for him.
"This is their store," he says.
B&R Market
Location: 800 Avon Street
"Heyyyyy, Captain!" Jason Kent, owner of the B&R Market on Avon Street, greets one of his regulars, a man whose age could be anywhere from 50 to 80, and whose arms are covered with the dark gray-blue ink of time-worn tattoos.
Shyly, "Captain" approaches the counter and asks if he might be extended a little credit. "You're good for it, right?" asks Kent. "Oh, yes," says Captain, mentioning that Monday is payday.
A few minutes later, Captain's on his way, happily armed with a bottle of Wild Irish Rose and a pack of Bailey's cigarettes.
This is not your average quick mart. Kent– like the other owners of the neighborhood markets– considers himself and his store an integral part of the neighborhood, and he's there to lend a helping hand.
Some customers, however, repay that helping hand with sticky fingers.
"The theft is unbelievable," says Kent.
And shoplifting is far from his greatest worry.
He says his store has been robbed at gunpoint on more than one occasion, including an incident in which his female clerk was "pistol-whipped." The perpetrator is still out there, and Kent says that's not a good feeling.
"My employees are scared," he says, "myself included."
But even without the robberies, there's "never a dull moment" at the store.
"It's a very strange area," he says. "I get everyone from transvestites to the high drug dealer on the block to people who can't read or write," he says.
"If I put in a video camera," says Kent, "it would make either an incredible comedy or a very sad documentary."
Gibson's Market
Location: 703 Hinton Avenue (at Avon Street)
On a recent Wednesday morning, business at Gibson's is hopping. Nodding to one man leaving with a "40" of malt liquor in a brown paper bag, owner Sun Na says he's typical of many customers at her store.
"Some people come in four to five times a day," she says, "for one bottle of beer at a time."
Business is good at Gibson's, says Na, who purchased the store with her husband four years ago. The couple had owned another market in Richmond and moved to Charlottesville when they bought Gibson's.
In addition to beer and cigarettes, which her customers demand, she says her hot lunches go quickly. Fried chicken is on display in the front, and a menu offers hamburgers, hot dogs, and other basic fare. Na says she and her husband do all the food preparation themselves.
While there have been break-in attempts at Gibson's, Na says the store hasn't been robbed since she and her husband purchased it, a fact Na attributes to "good visibility" from Avon Street.
That may be why Gibson's has the latest operating hours of any of the Belmont Markets, open seven days from 9am to 10pm.
Those hours, Na says, present the greatest challenge to running the business.
"We each work 80 hours a week," she explains.
Location: 1210 Avon Street
For Stoney's Grocery owner Lawrence Burruss, 15-hour days are par for the course. No matter that at 74, Burruss' back aches, and he doesn't move as quickly as he used to.
"It would be hard not to work," he laughs, his blue eyes twinkling.
He's not kidding. Stoney's is a second career for Burruss, who spent 48 years in the dairy business, serving as vice president and then CEO of the former Monticello Dairy Company before it was sold to Shenandoah's Pride in 1984. (Burruss stayed on as manager until 1995.)
In fact, it was his dairy work that led to his purchase of Stoney's from Stonnell Bradley back in 1987.
"I came up here to sell him milk and ice cream," Burruss recalls. "My wife told me, 'Don't go up there and buy no damn store.'"
When Burruss returned home that night, he had some news for her. "I think we got a store," he told her sheepishly.
Fifteen years later, they still have the store, and now Burruss' son Lawrence Jr.'s business, Burruss Signs, is in the building attached to the rear of the store.
Stoney's is the largest of the Belmont Markets, and Burruss says the key to its success lies in the gasoline it sells from pumps out front and in their ready-to-eat food, including fried chicken, hot dogs, and burgers. Fishing bait and tackle, he says, are also in high demand.
Crime hasn't been terrible, but Burruss says Stoney's has had its share. Ten years ago, he was robbed at knifepoint, but a surveillance video in the store helped police nab the robber.
Burruss made headlines in 1989 when his Elliott Avenue house blew up from a natural gas leak. Still, he has a laid-back attitude– even when it comes to things like robberies or theft.
When he sees someone shoplifting– which he says happens occasionally– he approaches them calmly.
"I say, 'Put it back, or I'll call the police," he explains. If they comply with his demand, he tells them, "Don't come back no more." The direct approach has worked so far, he says.
Despite the long hours and considerable danger of running a convenience store, Burruss says the perks make it worthwhile.
"I find out all the community news," he chuckles. "I don't have to read the paper."
–Additional reporting by Margot Coleman.


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Carr Valley's Mobay is an artisan cheese made in two halves with ash in the center and outside. One half is made with goat's milk and the other half with sheep's milk and pressed together as one cheese. The flavor is earthy with a clean goat and sheep remnant.
Awarded 1st Place in the American Cheese Society 2007 Awards in the Open Category for Sheep's Milk or Mixed Milk Cheeses.
Show Mobile Site


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Compiled directly from definitive industry and regulatory sources, these data products deliver accurate and reliable NANP telephone numbering resource assignments and related telecom data. Suitable for a variety of applications such as; jurisdictional call routing and rating, CDR and traffic analysis, do-not-call compliance, LCR NPA NXX to LATA/OCN Rate Deck Management, distance between Rate or Wire Centers using telecom V&H coordinates, and many more.
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Compiled directly from United States and Canadian ILEC local exchange tariffs. This database provides the data to identify the basic telephone local calling areas for virtually all local exchange carriers.
These data sets are designed for those clients using automatic telephone dialing, artificial or prerecorded voice or similar systems and services needing to comply with TCPA and other Wireless-Do-Not-Call regulations.


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Supergirl Season 1 Episode 10 (S01E10) - Watch Online
Born on the planet Krypton, Kara Zor-El escaped amid its destruction years ago with her famous cousin. Now at the age 24, she finally embraces her superhuman abilities to be the hero she was always meant to be.
Supergirl Season 1 Episode 10 (S01E10) Links
Do not miss the latest episodes of all the hottest TV shows you enjoy watching. They are waiting for you here at Watchseriestv.tv. You can watch the episodes that have been updated the most recently, but you can also go back to some older episodes that you missed or want to see again. There is a grand collection of popular TV shows and all their seasons are included, with all the episodes they contain that are neatly arranged so you can find everything you want to see with a lot of ease.


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Professional Staff Senate
Policy Statement
The official professional staff organization is the Professional Staff Senate. It functions as an advisory body, i.e., part of the University's structure, through which the professional staff participates in the governance of the University. The Senate identifies the interests and preferences of the staff about issues of significance to them and to other groups in the University community. In response to specific requests from the administration, it acts in an advisory capacity to the administration. It also initiates recommendations to the administration on behalf of the staff. Generally, it represents the professional staff views on University-wide issues needing decisions and resolution by the administration.


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San Juan (city, Puerto Rico)
San Juan, city (1990 pop. 437,745), capital, largest city, chief port, and commercial and cultural center of Puerto Rico, NE Puerto Rico. Coffee, tobacco, sugar, and fruit are exported from the busy port, mainly to the United States. San Juan's industries include tourism, brewing, distilling, and publishing; manufactures include metal products, cement, and clothing. The city is Puerto Rico's financial center and has many international banks and business corporations. San Juan also has an international airport. The city's old section, situated on two rocky islets guarding one of the best harbors in the Caribbean, is linked by bridges with the mainland.
The bay was named Puerto Rico [rich port] by Ponce de León, who in 1508 founded a settlement at nearby Caparra. In 1521 the settlement was moved across the bay to San Juan's present site. Strongly fortified, it withstood attacks by English buccaneers in 1595 but succumbed for a few months in 1598 to George Clifford, earl of Cumberland, and was sacked by the Dutch in 1625. San Juan's port gained increasing importance during the 18th and 19th cent. U.S. troops occupied the city during the Spanish-American War in 1898.
In the old city, a historic landmark whose narrow streets, small shops, and houses with overhanging balconies recall a colonial atmosphere, there are impressive historic buildings: El Morro castle (begun 1539), which commands the harbor entrance and is a national monument; San Cristóbal castle (begun 1631), originally a Spanish fort; and La Fortaleza (begun 1529), a former fort now used as the governor's official residence. Other San Juan landmarks include San José Church (founded c.1523), the oldest church in continuous use in the Western Hemisphere; Casa Blanca (1523); and the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista, which contains the tomb of Ponce de León. Also in the city are the Univ. of Puerto Rico and its School of Tropical Medicine, the College of the Sacred Heart, a campus of the InterAmerican Univ. of Puerto Rico, and the Museum of Art of Puerto Rico. Nearby are several resort beaches (notably the Condado and Isla Verde), which attract tourists from North America.


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According to another popular legend, Cupid was once carrying a vase of sweet nectar to the Gods on Mount Olympus, and some of the nectar spilled on the ground. From the spot where the nectar fell grew the first rose. In Roman mythology, Cupid is known as the god of erotic love and sex.
For the coating:
Combine cream and corn syrup in a small sauce pan over medium heat. Heat until it comes to a full boil. Remove from heat and immediately pour over hot chocolate and butter. Let is sit for 1 minute. With a rubber spatula, gently stir in small circular motions until chocolate mixture is fully melted, aboput 2 minutes. Add the rose flower water and stir to combine.
Allow the ganache to cool at room temperature until firm, at least 4 hours. You could also put it in the refrigerator for about 2 hours. (This worked for me.)
Once firm, form the ganache into small 1-inch balls. The easiest way to do this is to use a melon baller or small ice cream scoop. You may have to roll them a bit with your hands. It will be very messy. If the balls get too soft, put them back in the fridge for a while, until they firm up again.
To coat the truffles:
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Place chocolate in a heatproof bowl and microwave for 1 minute. Wait a few seconds and stir. If it isn't completely melted, microwave it again for 10 seconds. Repeat until the chocolate is all melted. Yard's recipe says to melt the chocolate in a bouble boiler, but I have always had good results by using the microwave. Just be careful not to overdo it. Put the cocoa powder into a small bowl.
Drop each ganache ball into the melted chocolate, one at a time, and roll until fully coated. I used a toothpick for this. Tap off the excess and toss into the cocoa powder to coat. Transfer each truffle to the baking sheet to harden. I put my ganache balls in the freezer for about 30 minutes before I coated them to discourage melting. This seemed to help.
Makes about 2 dozen 1-inch truffles.


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Milwaukee firefighter attacked inside fire station
Firefighter suffered only cuts, bruises
A Milwaukee firefighter was injured during an incident inside a fire station on Saturday morning.
Police said a man broke into the station near 103rd Street and Fond du Lac Avenue around 2:15 a.m.
Authorities told WISN 12 News that a firefighter, investigating strange noises, was attacked by a man armed with a knife.
"In that struggle, our member was injured and the subject was detained by (other firefighters) and police responded immediately," said Deputy Chief Aaron Lipski of the Milwaukee Fire Department.
The armed man was arrested, authorities said. They think he may have gotten inside the building through a window.
The injured firefighter was treated for minor injuries.
The fire department said it has been the target of similar incidents in the past, but none has risen to this level.