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Understanding Fungicides
What are fungicides? The popular definition: fungicides are any chemical that can inhibit the growth or development of a fungus. The technical definition: fungicides are any chemical that kills a fungus. Fungistats are chemicals that inhibit, but do not kill, the fungus. In the turfgrass industry, the term fungicide is commonly used for any chemical that reduces or prevents the development of a fungal disease, but this is much different than the true action of a fungicide. There are many ways chemicals can inhibit or kill a fungus, and there are many different fungi, each of which can react differently to the various fungicides you apply to turf. Further, the effectiveness of a fungicide is determined by much more than just its chemical nature. In short, there is a lot to understand about fungicides if you want to maximize their effectiveness.
There are about 25 different fungi that cause serious turfgrass diseases. There are many more fungi that can attack or infect turfgrasses, but they seldom cause noticeable damage. Why does nature allow the Big 25 fungi to attack turf? The simple reason is nature's balance: The fungi that "eat" the turf are food for other microbes that "eat" them. Beyond the Big 25 that attack your turf, there are thousands of other fungi that rot thatch, debris, other plants and microbes, all of which become organic nutrients for the turfgrass. We call these beneficial fungi. Every turf manager loves the beneficial fungi, but did you know that most of the Big 25 also are members of the beneficial class of fungi? Pythium (warm temperature foliar blight): a great rotter of dead plants. Colletotrichum (anthracnose): another beneficial, debris rotting fungus. And of course, all of the fairy-ring fungi live to rot thatch and dead plant material. In fact, only the obligate parasites (ones that must have a live plant to grow), which cause diseases like powdery mildew, smut and yellow tuft, are non-rotters.
So the question for turf managers is: How do I manage the fungal pathogens in my turf without stopping their beneficial rotting activity? If we did not mow, fertilize and groom the turf to fit our objectives, the answer would be very simple: walk away and leave the management to nature. This is not possible for turf managers. Turf is a population of natural plants growing in a population of soil microbes, forced by man to grow abnormally. You, the turf manager, are the reason that turf diseases become severe problems. Each year you manage a turf, most of the Big 25 diseases will occur. That's right, most of them develop in your turf each year. However, only occasionally do any of them become severe enough for you to even notice them, much less treat them. Diseases in turf are considered serious only if they are conspicuous and last for a considerable period of time. When asked, most turf professionals estimate that a disease is noticed only if it develops in 3 to 5 percent of the total turf. The goal of turfgrass disease management is to limit the severity of a disease to less than that. This is an enlightened goal because it acknowledges that disease is necessary and should not be eliminated from the ecology of the turf. In fact, turf with at least a low level of disease severity is more protected from severe disease outbreaks compared to turf without any disease development. The reason: biological buffering. When your soil has many different and active microorganisms in it, they tend to control one another. If you eliminate one of the players in this system, then the others must adjust. For example, if you were to selectively kill the fungi that naturally control Pythium, then Pythium fungi might grow unchecked and attack your turf. Nothing in turf is this simple, but it does illustrate biological buffering. Biological control is quite different than biological buffering. Biological control is the action by one living organism to suppress the activity of another. It is a natural process and, collectively, all the one-on-one episodes of biological control add up to biological buffering.
Adjusting the biological buffering of turf is a slow process. You should not attempt to rapidly change the biology of a turfgrass ecosystem. The ecosystem is very strong and resists changes because so many organisms are involved in it. However, you can change it; but if you change it too fast, you imbalance the entire system and havoc results. Here are two cases of how turf managers can upset the biological balance.
Case One: Fumigation with methylbromide kills nearly all microbes, animals and plants. When you treat a soil with this chemical, all biological balance is eliminated. When you seed grass plants into such a soil, it will take months — maybe years — to re-establish biological balance. In the process, diseases like Pythium blight, Rhizoctonia blight and take-all patch will rapidly attack the young turf because there are few other microbes to inhibit them.
Case Two: You apply a therapeutic or curative rate of a fungicide to control dollar spot fungus. Initially, the severity of dollar spot is reduced, but what you do not see are the many other changes in the microbial community that also are taking place. Non-target fungi are also being inhibited, while other fungi are racing to fill the void created by these inhibited fungi. In short, the turf ecosystem is imbalanced and responds to the change brought about by the fungicide. Generally, fungicidal activity is greatly diminished two to four weeks after application, but some effects last much longer than that. At the University of Illinois, we have seen the effects of fungicides last more than 12 months following application for the control of dollar spot on bentgrass.
As turf managers, you are expected to produce a uniform and perfect turf, but all the forces of nature are going to fight you unless you harness them. So how do you approach turfgrass management using the concepts of biological buffering and ecological balancing? Can fungicides be a part of such a program? Good turfgrass management does not start with a fungicide. There are 28 factors you should consider when managing turf (See Table 1, left). These factors are not intended for only disease management, but should be considered for all aspects of turf management. I have purposely listed fungicides last (No. 28), as they should be the last factor you consider for disease management. Fungicides are only "needed" because of the lofty expectations for turf quality. However, the availability of fungicides and the increasing demand on turf managers for "perfect" turf has led many managers to rely on fungicides. I describe this as "fungicide addiction," and it will ultimately lead only to poor grass and anxiety.
- Chemicals that are used as fungicides
The "Chemical Update: Turfgrass Fungicides" (page 26) lists the current fungicides registered for use on turfgrass. Table 2 (page 24) lists the resistance risk of systemic fungicides, which indicates the likeliness that a fungicide will perpetuate a genetic change (i.e., develop chemical resistance) in a fungus.
- Contact fungicides for turfgrass
Contact fungicides are an older type of fungicide. They are also known as protectants because they are intended to intercept a fungus and prevent it from attacking or infecting (getting inside) a grass plant. They do not penetrate plant tissues. They inhibit fungi by interfering with the growth and development of fungi in a number of ways, i.e., they are multiple site inhibitors. As such, they create a very low risk that fungal resistance will develop. For a fungus to rapidly overcome the inhibition that a fungicide causes (develop resistance), it must change its DNA. In nature, changes in fungal DNA are brought about by several mechanisms. Most genetic changes that occur in fungi kill them, and these changes occur very infrequently. It has been estimated that only one in a million DNA changes (mutations) are not lethal, and most of these are rapidly eliminated from the fungus anyway. When a fungus has to change its DNA not just once, but two, three or four times, the chances of it accomplishing this are so rare that it will not happen. Contact fungicides remain effective even if you use them over and over again.
- The repetition of contact fungicides
Contact fungicides are toxic to many different fungi, including many of the non-target fungi that are beneficial to your turf. In order to work, they must cover the plant surfaces before fungi attack. If the fungal pathogen attacks the leaves, it is easy to apply the contact fungicide to the leaves; but the leaves are growing and the new leaf tissue will be unprotected, so you'll have to apply the fungicide frequently. In the spring, this could be every week or even more often. If the fungal pathogen attacks the crown, rhizomes, stolons or roots, you'll encounter the same problem due to the growth of these tissues, but it is further complicated by the fact that they are surrounded by soil. Soil and organic matter will filter and bind many chemicals to their surfaces. This forces you to use more compound to achieve disease control.
- Systemic fungicides for turfgrass
Systemic fungicides are a newer class of fungicide, but they still have been around for 20 years. They are described as systemic because they "move" once applied to the turf and redistribute inside the plant. "Systemic" implies that the compound will move into all cells of the plant. If you apply it to the leaves it would end up in the roots; and if you applied it to the soil, it would end up in all the roots and the leaves. However, this is not always the case. Some fungicides are described as locally systemic, meaning they only move a few cells away from the point of entry. This is most likely the case for the majority of systemic fungicides. The application, delivery, incorporation, redistribution and action of systemic fungicides are a complicated science. Fungicides not only have different active ingredients, they also have different carriers. A carrier is the material upon which the active ingredient is loaded for the purpose of application. The carrier itself can have fungicidal activity and can greatly affect how the active ingredient reacts and enters a plant. Generally, companies that develop fungicides test many different carriers to determine which works the best. However, each type of grass has different surface chemistries, and each will react somewhat differently to a carrier. Sometimes, one fungicide is more effective than another because of the carrier, not the active ingredient.
As for translocation or systemic properties, don't overestimate this characteristic. In most cases, the movement of the compound, once applied, appears limited to very short distances within the plant. This is evident because fungicidal protection is quickly lost if the grass plant is actively growing or the pathogen is very aggressive. Another limitation with systemics is the time needed for full effectiveness to be realized. Generally, once applied, systemic fungicides require three to five days to become fully effective. The reason is simple: They must move into a plant, redistribute within the plant and build up enough active ingredient in the plant to have an effect. Each of these processes takes time, adding up to three to five days. I have observed systemic fungicides seemingly fail to control a disease that they are known to be effective against. If your disease pressure is increasing or at a high level when you apply the systemic fungicide, then during the three to five days required to reach full effectiveness, the pathogen can overrun the plant. Combine this with rapid turf growth or very poor turf growth and it will appear that the fungicide failed. This is often the case with the failure of systemic fungicides to control gray leaf spot. For a systemic fungicide to be effective, the disease severity at the time of application must be low. This does not mean you should use them preventatively; It means you have to scout your turf and look for the start of disease. This is why it is important to use as many of the 28 management factors (Table 1) as possible to slow down the rate of disease development.
Henry T. Wilkinson is professor of plant pathology at the University of Illinois (Urbana, Ill.) and Randall T. Kane, Ph.D., is research director for the Chicago Golf District Association.
First and foremost, use a fungicide that is effective against the fungus that is causing the disease in your turf. They do not work equally against all fungi. It is very important that you develop your own information on the effectiveness of fungicides for your particular turf. One of the main differences among the active ingredients of systemic fungicides is mode of action — whether the chemical behaves as a contact or systemic. Before making your chemical selection, take into consideration the chemical's resistance risk — how likely it is that turf will develop a resistance to the chemical (see Table 2, page 24). Other things you should consider before deciding on a fungicide include:
What disease do you want to control?
What fungicides have good activity against "your" disease?
Order the fungicides according to their Resistance Risk.
Initially choose the most effective fungicide.
If repeated applications of fungicide are needed during a single season, use another product with a different mode of action.
If you are not achieving adequate disease control, review your situation with a turfgrass pathologist before you select or use other fungicides.
Table 1. Factors That Can Affect Turf and Pest Management
|PGR (growth inhibitors)
|Seed mixtures
|Seed blends
|Organic amendments
|Soil amendments
|Biological agents
|Growth stimulators
Realize that fungi are a necessary part of your turf ecology; you do not want to eliminate them, just manage them.
Realize that disease management is just one component of turf management, and think seriously about integrated turf management.
Make every effort to use as many of the first 27 management factors listed in Table 1 (left) before moving to factor 28.
When choosing a fungicide, think of it as a short-term solution to re-establishing the balance in your turf.
Stop using a fungicide as soon as you can.
Choose fungicides that are appropriate for the disease problem you have.
Always use fungicides according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Follow the label.
Consult a plant pathologist and review your disease management program.
Table 2. Resistance Risk of Systemic Fungicides
|Common Name
|Resistance Risk
|polyoxin D
|* Some are single-site inhibitors (SSI); a few are multi-site inhibitors (MSI). SSI's have moderate-to-high risk of fungicide resistance development
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"Those who find themselves in this new role (step-grandparents) recognize that they face a potentially awkward situation as they work to find their place in the family," writes Julie Baumgardner, a contributing author to Stepfamilies.com, a publication of the Stepping Stones Counseling Center in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
Any new relationship brings some changes to the current family dynamics. When your son or daughter marries (or moves in with) someone who has a child from a previous relationship, this adjustment process includes your new role as a step-grandparent.
Simultaneously, your step-grandkids may be adjusting to a new neighborhood, school and house, while your own child is adjusting to being a stepparent.
"Those who find themselves in this new role (step-grandparents) recognize that they face a potentially awkward situation as they work to find their place in the family," writes Julie Baumgardner, a contributing author to Stepfamilies.com, a publication of the Stepping Stones Counseling Center in Ridgewood, New Jersey.
While all these changes can seem daunting, you can make things easier with some savvy planning, open communication and by remaining confident in the strength of your family bond. Eight years ago, Joseph Webster of Danvers, became a step-grandfather. Today, he says: "Everyone is close and we know that we share a certain love and spirit."
Here are some particular tips that may help you transition to your new role:
1. Realize you're not alone: According to Stepfamilies.com, up to 33 percent of Americans 65 or older are now step-grandparents. And, if you feel ambivalent about your new role or it is not unfolding according to your dreams or wishes, don't just suffer or worry in silence. Reach out and ask for advice or input on how to navigate this new territory (see Resource List).
2. Prepare: Before that first family meeting or gathering, take time out to really assess how you feel about your new role. What are your own expectations being a step-grandparent? Hopes? Fears? How might this relationship differ from that with your biological grandchildren? Are there things or assumptions you must address and learn to let go of?
3. You're unique: As the step-grandparent, your role is not the same as anyone else's—including the biological grandparents or any other adults in the child's life. You will bring your own talents, skills and emotional input to this new relationship. Be proud of that and know that nobody else can be you.
4. Communicate: Beth Chariton of Walpole, has three children aged 12, 10 and 7. "Grandma Sue," the children's step-grandmother, lives in South Carolina, traveling north with her husband (Beth's Dad) three times a year to see the kids. In between those interstate trips, Sue maintains contact with "special little touches." For example, Sue sends real cotton to her Massachusetts-based grandkids, something they can bring to school for show and tell.
For near or faraway step-grandkids, ask your son or daughter how he envisions your role in his new family. Are there "special touches" that you can bring or send? And, of course, ensure that you always treat biological and step grandkids equally.
5. Set realistic expectations: According to the Stepfamily Association of America, it takes five to seven years for step-families to build a true bond with non-biological children. So realize that it's not going to be an instant bond with your step-grandchild. Believe in yourself. Resolve to do what you can today, and don't worry about tomorrow or next summer's family vacation.
6. Don't take it personally: Your son or daughter may be a little distracted or overwhelmed by the upcoming wedding, a new house-move and his impending new role as a step-parent to a child who may or may not resent his parents' divorce and this new marriage. If it seems like there's suddenly less time for you, it's probably not personal. Stay involved and busy with your own life, relationship, hobbies and work.
7. Go simple for that first meeting: For that first meet-and-greet with the new grandkids, it's best to plan a simple, do-able agenda with an easy meal plan. Keep it small and intimate, not a huge back yard picnic with extended family and neighbors. And, by working with the parents, you can schedule it at a non-competing time when everyone is relaxed. Ask ahead about food preferences or allergies. And again, keep your expectations realistic and believe in yourself. Says Joseph Webster of Danvers: "We often share weekends together, either just cooking out or poolside in our back yard."
8. Building the bond: Sue, the step-grandmother who lives in South Carolina, always remembers holidays — including Hanukah for her Jewish step-grandchildren, though Sue herself is Christian. She also tries to visit around each of their birthdays — not always the exact day, but close enough so the children associate this visit with their special occasion. Children remember these heartfelt gestures. Ask about school, friends, hobbies. Share your own interests and passions. Send a card or a short e-mail to let a step-grandchild know you're thinking about him today.
9. Holiday-season: Many families spend the winter holidays trying to meet competing in-law commitments — and trying to live up to that Hallmark version of the perfect family holiday. Be patient. This is a great time to build some new holiday traditions with the new grandchildren in your life. Bring your own interests and skills to this occasion; such as starting a new holiday photo album or some music, art and craft-making traditions.
10. Know and communicate your own limits: Many families have different expectations about what's acceptable behavior. If your step-grandchild treats you badly, have a timely conversation with that child, and, if necessary, with the parents. List specific behaviors, avoiding generalities such as "they always ignore me." Explore how you can work together to build a relationship based on mutual affection and respect.Resources:
Divorce Step (www.divorcestep.com) – A Boston-area resource by a licensed therapist. Among other services, Divorce Step offers coaching and support groups for step families, also an excellent resource list.
Stepfamily In Formation (www.stepfamilyinfo.org) – More information, tips and articles
Stepfamily Associates (www.stepfamilyBoston.com) – Information, workshops and tips for special occasions, including family holidays
The Stepfamily Foundation (www.stepfamily.org) – A New York City-based organization that supplies information, books, tapes and advice
Stepping Stones Counseling Center (www.stepfamilies.com) – Education, support, advocacy and an excellent list of articlesWhat's in a name?
Joseph Webster's step-grandchildren call him Grampy. Meanwhile, they call their other grandfathers Grampa and Papa. "Smart kids! They never make a mistake," says Joseph.
Choose your family name together--one that's easy for the kids to remember and for younger kids to pronounce.
Sometimes, you can include your own name, as Beth Chariton did in having her three children call their step-grandmother, "Grandma Sue."
Once you and the kids decide on your pet name, keep it consistent.
Use this name as a way to build familiarity and intimacy.
Aine Greaney, of Newburyport, Mass., is an award-winning author who teaches writing workshops for schools, libraries and arts organizations. Her Web site is at www.ainegreaney.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Language Turnstile by Farhat Datta
Farhat Datta Creates The Language Turnstile Language Icon
Farhat Datta, the creative mind behind the displayed project Language Icon by Farhat Datta demonstrates, Designing an Icon to show 'an option for language change' was challenging. It had to clearly communicate the idea. I was inspired by the form of a turnstile, as it is a single element, which has different planes that can be turned or flipped, thus the connection of flipping through different language options to choose the one you want. The design had to be simple as it needed to be reduced to a very small size without compromising the communication aspect. I decided to go for basic, bold lines and a single solid color to ensure that it would retain it's clarity at any size.
Language Turnstile by Farhat Datta Images:
End of the article, click here to go back to previous page, or alternatively go back to Design Manner homepage.


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Kansas City Events, Coupons, Reviews!
Subscribe to KidsScoop! The monthly family event and savings newsletter.
How awesome is that?Carter helped me cut out some cute little bats to hang on the wall (we used masking tape, as it's easier to remove without peeling the paint or leaving a stain.
Now, when it comes to Halloween, Dollar Tree is my go-to destination for any extra goodies that I can't make at home. Here are a few of the items I was able to pick up.
I hope you all have a safe, spooky, and exciting Halloween!


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Making 100% Beeswax and Paraffin Candles for Christian Churches worship since 1958
Our 100% Beeswax candles are made from beeswax of the US origin.
100% Beeswax candles burn cleaner than paraffin candles; by using 100% Beeswax candles and tapers, you preserve your Orthodox icons, your walls, and give your Orthodox church the traditional fragrance of bees wax filled with honey.
If you are on a budget, we also make paraffin tapers and offer pariffin votives and paraffin candle inserts for traditional Orthodox lampadas.
We also import genuine Mt Athos Orthodox Church incense in over 15 beautiful fragrances.
Browse our site to find out about our high quality 100% Beeswax and Paraffin Orthodox Church candles, our genuine Mt Athos Orthodox incense, and our other Orthodox Church supplies.
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My applet isn't showing up. I finally got it to say that my browser is ignoring the applet tag, which I'm guessing was the error message if it couldn't display it, based on that code sample I found.
I tried even a simple Hello World Applet and it's not working. (Maybe I shouldn't have made the html file part of the jar)
What am I doing wrong?


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RICKETTS: Gulf Power brought its new Tesla Model S sedan by the Northwest Florida Daily News office. Not only did representatives let me take a ride, they were crazy enough to let me get behind the wheel of the roughly $100,000 car.
FORT WALTON BEACH � I�m not much of a car guy.
Sure, I love my Jeep. It gets me where I want to go and it�s fun to drive. However, I�ve never been able to look at a car on the road and tell you what year it is or what type of engine is under the hood.
But something happened recently and I haven�t been able to stop thinking about cars since then. That never happens.
Gulf Power brought its new Tesla Model S sedan by the Northwest Florida Daily News office. Not only did representatives let me take a ride, they were crazy enough to let me get behind the wheel of the roughly $100,000 car.
Watch a video of the test drive. >>
The three vehicles I�ve bought new since I graduated college cost a lot less than that combined.
This thing is a beautiful piece of machinery and just oozes style with every curve.
One of the coolest features to me actually is the door handles, as strange as that sounds. When the doors are locked, the handles retract into the door and become flush with the rest of side. When the driver walks up to the car with the electronic key, the handles automatically pop out.
And it�s hard to explain, but the doors just open differently. On every other car door I�ve opened, you pull on the handle and the handle moves until the door has been unlatched and it opens. With the Tesla, the handle doesn�t move. The car just reads that you want the door open and lets you open it. Very cool.
A lot of cars have touch screens nowadays, but the Tesla�s screen was huge. At 17 inches, it takes up the entire center of the dash and is used for everything from maps to changing suspension to the video feed from the rear camera when the car�s in reverse.
I took my ride in the Tesla with Jeff Rogers, Gulf Power�s corporate communications manager, who is a car guy. Although he had seen it before, it was the first time he was able to get a real impression of the car, and he felt the same way I did.
�That is the first time I�ve seen it up close,� Rogers said. �That is gorgeous. They have some good designers working there.�
When Jeff took the first drive in the Tesla it was my first time in any electric car. I�ve heard they were quiet, but I didn�t even know the engine was on until it started moving.
Jeff put his foot down more than I did (if anyone was going to wreck the $100,000 car, I didn�t want it to be me), but even when he did the car still was incredibly quiet, making just a high-pitched hum.
After a quick trip around the block, we returned to the Daily News to pick up photographer Nick Tomecek, and then it was my turn to drive.
Jeeps aren�t known for their speed, and the Tesla Model S can go from zero to 60 in 4.4 seconds, so getting used to the power took a moment. But only a moment because the car is so much fun to drive.
It drives like any other high performance sports car, except for the noise. I didn�t test the zero-to-60-in-4.4-seconds capability, but it can really move.
One thing I caught myself doing a lot was checking the instrument panel. It�s all digital, of course, and when you�re accelerating it tells you how much power you�re using from the battery, but while you�re coasting or braking it tells you how much power is being put back in because of the regenerative breaks.
Unfortunately, my test drive got cut short. About five minutes in, Nick received the call about the barge hitting the Brooks Bridge and had to get back to the office to head to that. But it was fun while it lasted.
My final thought on the Tesla Model S is that I want one. It was the most amazing piece of technology I have ever sat in, and it drives incredible. If I win the $320 million Power Ball jackpot this weekend, the Tesla is going to be one of the first things I buy. Assuming that doesn�t happen, though, my birthday is in December. You all know what I want now.
Contact Daily News Business Editor Dusty Ricketts at 850-315-4448 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @DustyRnwfdn.


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Mplus Discussion
Categorical Data Modeling
Cam McIntosh
posted on Wednesday, October 12, 2005 - 12:48 pm
Regarding path analysis models estimated using the logit link, as well as for path models involving a combination of logit links and identity links (linear regressions), I am not completely clear as to how the set of simultaneous equations would be written. I am asking for more information on this issue because I am using Mplus for some analyses, and have some very keen methodologists wanting detailed information (e.g., form of equations).
Coming from classical SEM and piles upon piles of textbooks and articles describing the LISREL (Joreskog-Keesling-Wiley) model in both matrix and scalar form, I am now trying to learn the Mplus "beyond SEM" mathematical framework. It is pretty refreshing although challenging. I find that I have been locked into one way of thinking for quite some time.
Anyway, I am currently working on getting a better understanding of the form of the path models with logits, and those which have both logits and linear regression coefficients. I assume that some of this information will be in the updated/upcoming technical appendix dealing with the underlying statistical theory for version 3. But for now, say we have a 3-variable path model, loosely:
y1 = tau1 + Gamma1*x + e1
y2 = tau2 + Gamma2*x + Beta1*y1 + e2
Let's say x is continuous and both y1 and y2 are binary, and I am using logit link in Mplus. I assume the errors are fixed at pi/3 as with plain old logistic regression. Is there some particular way to write/express such a model in terms of logits? Perhaps there are some papers and articles on Mplus that treat this explicitly? When using logits, I am just not clear on the "formal" form of the second equation which regresses y2 (an endogenous measured variable) on y1 (another endogenous measured variable) and x (the exogenous measured variable).
Thanks for any assistance and your patience with a former LISRELite,
posted on Wednesday, October 12, 2005 - 2:54 pm
Let's have y be the observed binary variable and y* the continuous latent response variable behind it. One common statistical way of writing this is to specify pi_1 as P(y1=1 |x) and let the first logistic regression equation be written as
logit (pi_1) = tau1 + gamma1*x
But you can also use the latent response variable formulation that you gave where the dependent variable is y1* and e1 has its variance fixed at pi^2/3 as you say.
Same for the second equation, where you can let pi_2 be P(y2=1 | x, y1) and have
logit pi_2 = tau2 + gamma2*x + beta*y1
or you can use the y2* latent response variable way of writing it as you have done.
Note then that in Mplus the ML-logit approach uses y1 and not y1* in the second equation. One could use y1* but that hasn't been implemented yet in Mplus with ML, only with WLSMV.
Hope that helps.
posted on Wednesday, October 12, 2005 - 2:58 pm
P.S. A minor detail is that in Mplus, the intercept is not estimated but the threshold (preparing for polytomous outcomes), where these have reversed signs. So to be precise, if in the latent response variable formulation you have an intercept in the equation, the threshold that y* has to exceed to change y=0 to y=1 is zero - i.e. you can only identify either the threshold or the intercept.
Cam McIntosh
posted on Wednesday, October 12, 2005 - 5:47 pm
Many thanks Bengt,
That was exactly what I was looking for and clears things up. In the analyses I have been working on, the ML-logit approach in Mplus would seem to be the most theoretically appropriate, given that I am dealing with some truly categorical (i.e. qualitative) outcomes. However, I will likely be doing some analyses with probit links and the WLSMV estimator in some future analyses, where I will be dealing with survey response options that can be reasonably viewed as discretized versions of continuous response variables.
posted on Thursday, October 13, 2005 - 10:24 am
I think it is important to distinguish between two different situations with continuous latent response variables. In doing so we avoid perpetuating a myth about "truly categorical" vs discretized outcomes.
The first situation is represented by the first equation we are discussing, a regular logit regression expression for the probability of the outcome as a function of x - this can always be presented in terms of continuous latent response variables because the latter model formulation is the same as the former. It doesn't matter if we are studying a truly categorical outcome (such as alive or dead) or not. Even alive/dead can be seen as having a continuous latent response variable - such as a disease process - falling below or exceeding a threshold. The necessity of outcomes having been formed by "discretizing" a continuous latent response variable is a myth.
The second situation is represented by the second equation where the binary variable y1 serves as a mediator. Here it does matter if we consider the mediator as the continuous latent response variable underlying y1 or simply the observed y1 itself - those two models fit the data differently. I would argue that, depending on the application, even with truly categorical variables such as alive/dead it might sometimes be more relevant to have the continuous latent response variable - the disease state - as mediator rather than the observed dichotomy. Both logit and probit could in principle work with either approach, although some combinations are not yet covered in Mplus.
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We take pride in our menu choices, from the delicious appetizers to our large selection of subtle to saucy entrees to our mouthwatering desserts. Daily BackYard Specials add to your dining experience with one of a kind dishes prepared fresh and brought to your table with a smile. There's always something cooking at BackYard -- come on over and stay a while.
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The Art of Healing
Nine Lexington County high school students have received prizes and awards in the 5th annual "Art of Healing," a juried art competition for Lexington County high school students sponsored by Lexington Medical Center. The students created projects including paintings, photographs and sculptures that each depict their interpretation of healing.
Art teachers from Lexington County high schools each chose one student's artwork per school to enter. All artwork had to incorporate healing or health. Steven Ford, owner of Steven Ford Interiors, Jane Przybysz, executive director of the McKissick Museum at the University of South Carolina, and Michael Story, an award-winning fine artist, judged the entries and selected the winners.
"We wanted to give students the opportunity to express their interpretation of 'healing' through artwork," said Barbara Willm, Lexington Medical Center vice president of Community Relations. "Every year, the quality of artwork impresses us more and more. It is a wonderful experience for students to have their artwork displayed at the Columbia Museum of Art for our community to see."
Many of the students' entries shared inspirational personal stories of family members' health challenges and recovery.
Students received their awards at a reception at the Columbia Museum of Art on April 22. The students, their teachers, school administrators, hospital board members and staff, and museum employees attended. Barbara Willm and Columbia Museum of Art Chief Curator Will South presented the awards. The work was on display for a month at the Columbia Museum of Art.
Congratulations to all winners!
1st Prize
Megan Rinehart, Chapin High School
2nd Prize
Dilay Kuebra Gezer, Irmo High School
3rd Prize
Savannah Moore, Lexington High School
Juror's Choice
Megan Baker, Dutch Fork High School
Leah Furst, Swansea High School
Blythe Lybrand, Spring Hill High School
Honorable Mention
Alexis Lester, Dutch Fork High School
Holly McDermott, Irmo High School
Reagan Tedder, Spring Hill High School
Here's a slideshow of each of the entries.


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- Parent Category: News
Greater Kankakee Airport in line for $400,000 in improvements
Pending Congressional approval, The Greater Kankakee Airport will see nearly $400,000 in improvements. The airport authority is waiting on Congressional approval of a $42 million appropriation to move two Illinois National Guard units from Midway Airport in Chicago to Kankakee.
Apron and taxi-way improvements at Kankakee Airport will be completed by a local company, Kankakee Valley Construction Co., of Kankakee.
The National Guard's plan to move air training units from Midway to Greater Kankakee Airport involves a 50-year lease of 30 acres on the west side of the airport property and construction of training facilities.
The move is expected to bring 70 full-time jobs, mainly military, and 200 guard members in training programs.


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Advance Solar & Spa
Serving Ft. Lauderdale, Boca Raton and West Palm Beach, FL
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Call 754-206-7914 or Request an Appointment
Experienced Solar Contractor in Fort Lauderdale, FL and Surrounding Areas
If you're ready to start a renewable energy project, call the knowledgeable Southeastern, FL area, solar contractors at Advance Solar & Spa. As a family owned and operated company, we take pride in being a premier Florida Solar Energy Center approved contractor. We believe in the power of the sun to produce energy for your home or office building.
We are a Ygrene approved vendor for the State of Florida. Everyone qualifies for the state funded finance program. This gives you instant credit with no credit check needed. Please see our Ygrene page for complete program details.
Our services include:
- 2.9 % financing for 144 months
- 30% tax credit
- We use LG Panels with the best pricing available
- South Florida's oldest and largest solar contractor
- Been in Business for 30 years
- Licensed and Insured
- Free Estimates
- We use the Apricus Hot Water Systems which are the most efficient system available
- We are the largest distributor of Heliocol solar pool panels which are rated #1 best panels in the world
- We are an official installer of Home Depot
Our dedicated team of technicians is equipped to outfit your property with great solar power systems that will generate unlimited amounts of natural and renewable energy. Our friendly contractors will respond quickly to your solar energy needs and install high-quality products to fit the layout of your property. Our services include:
- Solar panel installations
- Photovoltaic systems
- Solar electric and heating systems
- Solar panel repair
- Pool repair
- Air conditioning services
The Southeastern, FL, solar contractors at Advance Solar & Spa will help you take control of your energy spending with skilled, professional solar installations. We're open Monday – Friday, 8am – 5pm, and Saturday, 8am – 12pm. Call us today to learn more about our products.
I was very impressed with Dan Rankin. He not only fixed the problem quickly but also educated me on the workings of the fittings and unit. I love that because when you understand how things work you appreciate it much better.
Advanced Solar & Spa
Advanced Solar installed my 2nd solar pool heating system and did a fantastic job. I havent had any issues and its been years since the initial install. I had some problems with some hard pipes from my previous solar installation and Jose was amazing in listening and repairing the issue. I would recommend Advance Solar & Spa to anyone thinking about a new or replacemnt solar system. Bravo Guys! Appreciate You...
Professional, experienced, extremely customer driven with tremendous follow up.
Janet is the best, I can't say enough great things about her who deserves more than 5 stars. She went out of her way to deal with vendors who were not reasonable, found better ones, and always communicated with me and found a way along with management to get the job done. She is a problem solver and a great customer representative. Janet is a tremendous asset for Advanced Solar and my family. Thank you Janet. janet is a reasure Janet is one of the best people
Xavier Williams
Xavier is very professional and polite. The service he provided was 5 stars all the way. With employees like him Advance Solar is our go to solar company.
Xavier Williams
GReat worker!
Xavier Williams
Your technician very professional on time and very courteous and definitely would recommend him for a promotion or raise.
Xavier Williams
Xavier was nice and professional great communication thanks for sending him.
Professional field and office personnel. Dan Rankin
Long time satisfied customer. Field personnel knowledgeable, organized and willing and able to explain system and operation.
I was very impressed with Xavier's knowledge, patience & work ethic. He made sure all my questions were answered & that the install was completed to his & my satisfaction without concern about time constraints-even worked until 7 PM one evening!
Xavier Williams
Xavier was great. He was very professional and worked very hard. Great employee.
Xavier Williams
Great service, great communication
Harley amen chandler
These boys came out and still gave it their all to finish before the rain came. They will be coming back out tomorrow! Thank you
Xavier Williams
Xavier is extremely helpful, knowledgeable and polite. He is definitely an Asset to your buisness
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Very professional . Good job
Xavier Williams
Great experience! Resolved our issue relatively quickly and explained that it might be time to look at replacement, Xavier was professional and personable,
Dan Rankin
Polite,courteous, informative and helpful. Explained system to my satisfaction.
Xavier Williams
Xavier did a great job not only in checking out he system for possible malfunction and fixing the problem but also in explaining how certain settings are operating.
Great service
I am a wholesale customer of Advance Solar and have always gotten great service from their staff but in particular Yamil has always taken very very good care of me. Whether it is for a regular delivery or something at last minute or even an unusual part he has always made it happen. Yamil is my go to guy. He solves problems and makes things happen. Thank you Yamil.
Xavier Williams
Xavierdid a thorough and comprehensive review of our system with a well thought plan and with great knowledge of the system. We will e a long upon your company for our needs in the future. Thank you sending such a competent person in XAvier. Theo Tarantini
Dan Rankin
Dan was friendly and prompt. He was able to resolve the issue quickly and explained why it happened.
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Polite, efficient, wouldn't highly recommends!,
Xavier Williams
Xavier Williams was professional and explained exactly what ha do to be done. I would highly recommend him.
Xavier Williams
Xavier Williams was professional and explained exactly what ha do to be done. I would highly recommend him.
Xavier Williams
He did a great job of explaining the system and how it communicates to the brain of the pool controller. I would like to have him assigned any service call I might have in the future.
Xavier Williams
Xavier was very polite and knowledgeable. I am satisfied with this call. Keep up the good work. If I ever need your service again, I hope Xavier will be available. Thanks.
Xavier Williams
Promp service and very courtice service
Xavier Williams
Best serviceman EVER on time work done perfect !
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Fast service and fix wiring,everything seems good, friendly guys
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Job was done quickly and efficiently.
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
They were great. Xavier was helpful on the first visit he sold me and he delivered.
Good job
Good guys, trouble free install, happy customer here.
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Very great service
Dan and Xavier
Showed up on time in the morning and work straight through until mid afternoon, taking time to answer uninformed questions from the client. Graciously accepted request for running a tutorial on how to work everything before they left. I would certainly recommend this business to others. By the way, John W the salesman has just the right touch which means information without pushing.
Excellent service
Thanks for great service.
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
The guys did a fantastic job and were right on time. I will always use advanced solar!!!!
Very helpful and informative
Although it took a few service calls to get the job completed Dan R and Xavier were excellent with their work and gave detailed instructions on how the system works. We are very happy with the product and support we received. We are loving the warm pool water!!!
Dan Rankin
Dan,besides being knowledgeable in his analysis of the problem with my solar array, was informative and kind. He is the type of employee who best for both customers and company.
Xavier Williams
Xavier was very polite and explained all of my concerns and questions. He did a great job.
Dan was very helpful found our problem quickly and repaired the issue
Xavier - technician
Xavier was excellent! He was super nice , patient , explained everything to me in detail and great customer service. Very understanding , caring and extremely professional . I would highly recommend him to anyone!
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Tuve necesidad de llamar a la compania para aclarar dudas acerca del funcionamiento y acudieron rapido y lo aclararon todo;Mil gtacias al igualque a Yanet Poe ser tan amable
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
The job was done in a suffient Time it seems to be a great job
Xavier Williams
Great Service. Explained everything well, on time and thorough.
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
They were great, highly recommend.
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Great job, very responsive
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Excelente trabajo;MUY PROFESIONALES AMBOS TRABAJADORES; Yanet me fue de gran ayuda tambien muy profesional
Xavier Williams and Daniel Rankin
Good guys, great service thank you.
Great job by Mariano
Installation was done quickly and very clean I would recommend your company to anyone installing solar Thank You
Great guy. Mark always is on time and polit
Xavier Williams
Services was fine
Simply the Best. Advance Solar.
From ininial contact and presentation by Marketing John W. To timely, professional installation by team Xavier W and Humberto F. Through gracious, efficient follow up with Office team, Janette and Ryan. Five Star. Merci. 👍 M
Xavier Williams
Xavier did a fantastic job repairing the leak on my roof. His service was very good and he was very friendly and he got the job done in no time at all!
Xavier Williams
Experience was excellent. He was courteous and explained everything to me. I was very satisfied.
Xavier Williams
Xavier was great and put me at ease with the explanation of what he was getting done. Thank you for your speedy reply to our request for assistance. Claudia Salazar 561 329 3833
Humberto Forselledo and Xavier Williams
The service that they provided was excellent,Very clear and precise about the installation and how to take care of the systems'very happy with both contractors,5 star review'thank you for your services,
Great-very professional and polite. Would recommend this install team to anyone. Great job,,
Everyone was very professional, courteous and friendly. I would definitely recommend Advanced Solar. Thank you
Mariano did. A great job. We are extremely happy and will surely recommend your co. Mariano found tiles on the roof that previous contractor left. It was very thoughtful of him to retrieve them for us.
We had solar panels installed for our pool in early spring of 2018. Turned them on this week October 2018 and discovered 2 leaks in the pipe and a possible bad sensor. Advance Solar sent their technician, Alejandro, out today to fix the problem. I can't say enough about how courteous, efficient, knowledgeable, and professional Alejandro was!!! He took his time to fix all the problems and even found a tiny leak I had not noticed that could have caused a problem later on. After working for almost 2 hours on my black roof in 90 degree Florida temps, he took the time to explain all that he did. He then gave me a refresher course on how to effectively use the control panel. Sometimes technicians can be grouchy or unfriendly... not Alejandro...he has a great smile, and personality and a firm handshake that helped make this experience very bearable. Hey, Jamal, you should put his smiling face on your promotional material!!!
Efficient and Neat
Ron and Gene installed a Tesla charger for me. They were very polite, efficient and neat. The work was completed and everything works as proposed.
This job was promised complete before July 4th. Workmen we're profession and knew their job function.i have used you guys for over 20 years
Very thorough,polite and takes time to explain
Boris and Antione did a great job today and Tuesday at our house. They made sure everything was done well and also I learned a few things while they was working on my system. My wife and I think you guys a lot and you guys have a great company I will definitely recommend these to guys to anyone they should definitely get a bonus
Mike and wyatt
Easy install experience with very nice and knowledgeable installers.
mike & JP
Michael and Jonathan are an asset to your establishment. They are very patient, professional and explained everything. It's rare to find such an awesome team! I wish we had more companies that worked in their efficient manner! God bless them.
Mike and Ben
Quick work, friendly service, and we are excited to use our new system! Mike and Ben were great! Thank you!
Michael is a good, tireless worker does his job well with no goofing off nice as well
M.cole/ Damian
Another awesome job by Advance Solar. Fast,punctual and reliable. Back up their product without fail. Both technicians friendly and professional.
M.cole, jp
Excellent,,,,!,,, Thank you!,
Service is amazing. Price is good too.
Great service, customer satisfaction 100%
Very professional service, always making sure and keeping the customer updated about what is going on. Now water is even hotter than with the electric water.
Great service and very professional.
Andrew Antione Chris and James
Very professional
Chris Andrew James and Antione
These guys did a great job
Awesome job on the install.
He found the problem really quickly thanks for the help
Good Job by Antione.
Antione Wooten
Did a great job thanks for all the help
Great job everything is done now. Love the company
The services was really quit and good
Chris and Antione
These guys did a Great job very fast and professional
Chris and Antione
Great job! Very nice and professional!
Great job on the installation,very professional and polite.
Very Professional great job
Very fast and respectful
Happy with the install. Went very smooth no problems.
Nice guy, good installation, very professional. I would recommend.
Andrew, Ivan and Antione
Great job guys
Andrew Ivan and Antione
These guys are doing a great job at my house thanks
Advance solar installer was very professional, explained product and did job in a timely manner. I would recommend this company.
Ivan and Antione
They were very professional and respectful.
Antione and Ivan
They helped me a lot by explaining he issue to me and taking pictures to make sure I understood.
Antoine and Ivan
Great service, very respectful, and quick too.
Installer did a great job on the installation.
Chris, Andrew, James, Antione, & Ivan
Awesome job guys
Ivan, Andrew, Chris, Antione, & James
These guys made it look very easy great work
James, Andrew, Ivan, Antione, & Chris
Wonderful job 👍🏼
Antione, Andrew, James, Ivan, & Chris
Excellent jobs today
Andrew, Chris, Ivan, James & Antione
Guy did a very great job finished the job really quick we love it.
Ivan, James, Andrew, Chris, Antione
We just love how our roof looks now thanks guys!!!
Antione, Ivan, James, Chris, Andrew
Great Jobs Guys love it
James, Antione, Ivan, Chris, Andrew
Very Professional
Andrew, Chris, Antione, Ivan, James,
These guys did a great job on the house I love it there great!!!
Chris, Andrew, James, Antione and Ivan
Those 5 guys did a wonderful job at our house installing the PV and the DHW panel on the roof thanks guys wish we could give you more
Michael was great! And although they lost me for a month and didn't show up, I'd still probably use them again.
The technician was prompt and courteous. Went over the system and answered all questions. Professional job.
The technician was prompt and courteous. Went over the system and answered all questions. Professional job.
Great service thanks for the help
Service was excellent
Chris and Antione
came right away to check on something I thought was a problem. They were courteous and quick and issue is resolved
Excellent customer service.
Truly the best service I could have expected. Thank you Yamil and Antoine.
Quality service.
Yamil and Antoine are really profesional. Great work and service.
Service was great!
Yamil and Antoine were both awesome! On time, profesional and took care of everything quickly. Great service!
Pool Solar Miami Lakes
Chris & Andrew- Great job! Very professional.
Antione & Ivan
Very good work and prompt, courteous service
Antione & Ivan
Very good work and prompt, courteous service
Keep up the good work
Installers were excellent salesmen stop by the job and i could ask for a better service with the exception of the person removing the old system and breaking a part of my filter.
Guys did a great job. Effient polite. We're pleased as to the timeliness oc getting a new heater installed
These guys ROCK!!!!!
Chris was here by himself and did everything on the roof with a professional attitude and determination, half way through the day Andrew showed up and tackled the plumbing up to the roof, These guys are amazing at what they do in this hot sun, would love to have these guys work at my home anytime...2 of the greatest guys ever!!!!!!
Antione did such a great job, very polite and fast thanks for the help
Had Antione come for service repair on my solar panels. He was the best. Highly recommend advanced solar to everyone. 👍🏾👍🏾
High Performance personnel Chris and Ivan
Chris and Ivan were very professional and courteous. They explained how the system worked in easy to understand explanation. Excellent job!
Great job!
Solar service
Chris was very knowledgeable and polite very thorough with testing my system found the issue with in minutes and corrected would recommend advanced solar to friends family and neighbors great job
John did a great job and he was very polite
Chris Boris Andrew Antione
Chris and Andrew were a pleasure to have working on our solar. They were efficient and tidy and very respectful.
John did a great job and he was very polite
John did a great job remounted my brackets
was polite efficient and effectively communicated with me. I would have him come back and I recommend him. 5 stars!!
was great, even though he was unable to repair, he pointed me to the right direction
Andrew and Boris
Excellent work' fast install
did a phenomenal job and was truly professional. Thank you for such great service.
Very nice guy and patient waiting on the inspectors thanks for getting everything done today.
very professional and made job look excellent.. very polite
Heat pump install
Chris and Antione are very nice and talented. Completed the job in a timely manner. We are very pleased. Thx Bruce.
Great job. Advance Solar showed up on the date we scheduled and did the job quickly and smoothly. Appreciate the prompt service, a rarity today. Service guys were friendly and professional. Thanks.
Great job. Advance Solar showed up on the date we scheduled and did the job quickly and smoothly. Appreciate the prompt service, a rarity today. Service guys were friendly and professional. Thanks.
Boris & Antione
Great service very fast these guys did a great job
Great guys wish their
Very knowledgeable guys explain the whole system to me and got it up and running with no problems Chris and Ivan.
Thanks for picking up the ladder
John Renas did a great job replaced the adaptor to stop the leak. Very nice man! I am pleased we selected Advance Solar.
Ivan rios
Ivan was very patient waiting for the rain to stop. He quickly fix d the problem. Very courteous and professional.
Ivan was great
Explained the situation to me and fixed the problem. He was very pleasant and a good representative of the company.
Ivan was great
Explained the situation to me and fixed the problem. He was very pleasant and a good representative of the company.
Ivan was great
Explained the situation to me and fixed the problem. He was very pleasant and a good representative of the company.
Antione and Boris
Great Techs guys did a great job and was very fast thanks
Antione and Boris
Great service there very fast excellent techs
Antione and Boris
The guys were very fast great workers
John did a great job
Andrew and Boris
They are very good!
Antione and Ivan
Very polite, curteous, on time, and a very pleasant experience overall.
Leak repaired quickly good job thank you
Antione and Ivan
Great service, curteous, informed about everything that was wrong and showed me pictures and explained the equipment.
Antione and Ivan
Very professional. No surprises, left the job site clean. Explained everything that we needed to know very satisfied!
Antione and Ivan
Took down both of my panels the guys were very fast and respectful. great service
Antione and Ivan are excellent technicians
Very professional, very prompt and a pleasure to do business with. I recommend Advanced Solar without a shadow of a doubt to care for all your solar needs. Dr. Alex Kushch
Tony and Mike M.
They did a great job. Very informative and accommaodating. And very polite.
Antione and Ivan are excellent technicians
Very professional, very prompt and a pleasure to do business with. I recommend Advanced Solar without a shadow of a doubt to care for all your solar needs. Dr. Alex Kushch
Mike cole,Jonathan Richardson
Excellent instruction for a complete use of system.
Professional and Knowledgeable. Highly Recommended.
Jim did a great job on the PV System (Solar Panels) at my property. This is actually the 4th job I give to Advance Solar. Prior to this one I had a Solar Water Heater installed as well as 2 AC units in different properties. He was very professional and knowledgeable about his work. He answered all the questions I had and any questions he couldn't answer he researched and got back to me with the correct answer on a later day. Jim and his assistant Ivan were very neat and clean. They were very attentive to details such as patching any holes they made and touching up any paint needed. Jim was also very knowledgeable about the Fort Lauderdale building code so we passed all city permit inspections with no problems at all. My overall experience was 5 stars.
Mariano and Mike M.
They did a great job and I'm really looking forward to enjoying the nice heating in my pool.
Great job, they came sooner than expected. Love it
Had small leak on roof the guy fixed it really fast and did a great job
Very promt in returing to fix a minor leak. Guy did a great job
Ivan and borris
The guys working on my house are and very knowledgeable and quick, professional.
Ivan and borris
Great serviceponctual polite no mess However it took more than 3 weeks for your Co. To dispatch your service & we are in winter season! Thanks very much Louis
Great job done and very professional.
Ivan and Rios
Great job and professional work. Really amazing job!
Showed up at exactly the agreed upon time, was polite and courteous, and did a good job for the agreed price. Not much more I can ask for.
Very professional, great attitude and efficient thank you to Andrew
Solar panel install
Jim and Borris System looks good and install fast. Looking forward to a heated pool
Awesome installation
Jim, Boris, and Drew. The guys were awesome. Got here early in the morning and answered all questions. Definitely 5 stars.
Ivan Rios
Very friendly and professional
The best Solar crew in town!!!!!!!
Chris and Antoine.......they were very polite and did a great job. They also explained the system very thoroughly and quite pleased with all the work that they did and I appreciate it thank you
Andrew, Ivan, antione
Very professional technicians (Andrew and Antoine). Very knowledgeable and accommodating. They took their time to explain everything. Andrew, Antoine, Ivan were super. They represent your company very well.
Ivan the great
Very professional, clean, precise, fast, careful, and someone I would ABSOLTELY recommend. You only one I would use again
Antione Wooten
Borris and Ivan
Very professional and completely reliable. Performed work as promised.
Borris and Ivan
Very professional and completely reliable. Performed work as promised.
Ivan and Borris
They did a great job everything went smooth.
Andrew, antione, Boris, ivan.
Very professional, very knowledgeable, very nice guys. They didn't stop working from start to finish, helped me understand how to work my new solar system quickly. I would recommend these guys for any solar installation and upgrade. Extremely happy with the way this was whole process was done, and the timeframe it was done in. Thumbs up...
Antione Wooten
Great Service
Friendly and quick Very respectful Antione Wooten
Very friendly checked everything great guy
Andrew, Boris, Jim
Very good work! Andrew is the best!!
very courteous and professional.
Did half the work so far everything looks good.Antione Wooten.
Very Good Work!
Advance Solar installed the solar heat panels for my new pool nearly 15 years ago in Naples... we've never needed a service call or repair, and they work great. We had a new roof installed and they reinstalled our same panels last month, and updated all piping and fittings very efficiently and economically. Call the Fort Lauderdale office... Yamil, their Ops Mgr. is very professional and responsive!
Responsive and friends; Fixed the Leak!
The company responded promptly and were able to find and fix a significant leak in the system. They took the time to explain some problems and issues. Very polite. I would definitely call them again if I have a problem.
Pool solar repair Jim F and Ivan
Very satisfied. Well done!
Jim F DHW service
I am very satisfied with the job that Jim did and he was courteous and very knowledgeable of his job. He is an asset to his company.
Jim F DHW pump install
Nice and professional. Explained what he planned to do then followed up after to show what he did. So far everything seems to be working.
Jim falakos solar DHW install
Came promptly. Left everything in brand new condition. Left work area clean also. Good Job.
New solar water heater and pool solar system (Jim, Borris, Antoine, Ivan)
Installation went quick on both hot water heater and pool heater. They explained the operation of the units and cleaned up when job was completed.
Pool solar
Excellent job, outstanding work, would recommend this company. Very happy!
Review to installatio
The work performed was exalant ,the clean up great ,. I now have a dry floor. Would call again if l need another tank. I strongly recommen. Jimmy and Ivan for the work they do. Great Job. Ed Lambert
Chris and Boris, very satisfied they did a great job let's hope it works as advertised
Your technician was very efficient and found the leak and repaired it in a timely manner. Did great. Thanks
I was extremely satisfied with the professional work of Drew and Boris. I highly recommend Advance Solar.
Heat pump
Chris and Ivan I was very please with the service today. The workers were very knowledgeable and easy to work with. I would highly recommend them.
Wellington home owner
Very rofessional. Jim an Antoine were a pleasure to deal with I would highly recommend using them. They called to give me a heads up before they came and corrected multiple problems fro a previous installation.
He was one of the best service technicians I have ever encountered
.We had a difficult problem but he was able to correct the solar hot water heater and the associated valve. We would please to have him solve any future problems.
Solar reinstall
It looks great.
Heat pump install
Ivan, Antoine, Chris....five star all the way around these guys came on time installed it superquick up and running before noon I wouldn't call anyone else advanced solar is the company to call for all your solar needs and water heating needs
Pool solar is great
Joel , Boris, Andrew, Chris install was super fast and easy and running the same day awesome job team
Maria Gomez
Great company, fast installation, very friendly. They explained how the machine worked and answered all my questions. Recommend! Thank you Advance Solar!
Very professional, knowledgeable and timely service
They diagnosed the problem and handled the repair professionally, Joel & Anton were a pleasure to work with
Solar pool heating
Andrew Boris and Ivan did our installation on November 20 they were here at around 9:30 AM they just finished explaining the system to us. They were all very courteous and did a great job we wish them all the best for their future The job they have is a huge responsibility and very dangerous having them walking on roofs so we hope that they are paid well
Yamil and Chris have been very helpful over tha past year. Polite, courteous and professional.... Yamil has gone above and beyond to take care of my problems. Great job guys!
Great team
Andrew and Boris did a fantastic job installing the pool solar system. They were meticulous, helpful and inventive in solving a problem . They left everything clean and neat. Great job!
908 guava isle
Did a wonderful job did everything I asked Chris and Ivan
2808 Ne 26 pl
Chris, Ivan, Boris did a professional job, Explained everything to me did a very professional install was very kind and courteous left everything nice and neat told me they will come back to program with pool is done
Hot water system
I was extreamly satisfied with my service today. Andrew showed up right on time and was very knowledgeable and curious.
Professional and checked out system.
Great job, came out and fixed my solar water heater really quick. Friendly and knowledgeable about system. I give a thumbs up,,,
Two thumbs up for an amazing company with prompt, reasonable, professional service!!
Two thumbs up for an amazing company with prompt, reasonable, professional service!! Hurricane Irma took away my power and my existing 10 year old solar hot water tank circulation pump failed when I needed it most after the storm resulting in stone cold showers. The company I had purchased it from had closed years prior. I found Advance Solar & Spa online and called to see if they might be able to accommodate me as a new customer and after a hurricane! They were understanding, kind, and courteous and got someone out to us quickly. The technician, Andrew, was professional and well trained. He had the pump changed in no time, explained the reasons why the pump failed and checked the solar unit on a difficult roof. They are now my go-to company for all future solar needs and have my highest recommendation! Thank you Advance Solar & Spa!!!
Great Service, Dependable and experienced!
Used 3 times to take down, put up and repair solar panels. Appointment was easy to schedule, Andrew the technician was thorough, explained what the issue was and repaired the leak. Photos were taken of the repair by Andrew to show that it should have been covered by warranty, which was done before I even called to inquire. Highly recommend for service, integrity and follow through.
First experience with solar
Andrew, showed up on time. He was knowledgeable about the product. Worked diligently and was polite and good with my animals and kids. I wish all my service vendors were the same.
Pool solar takedown
Andrew and James arrived on time, explain what they were going to do and did a great job. I would highly recommend them.
Excellent Pool Solar Service
My electrician pointed out a leak I had coming from my pool Solar system so I called Advance solar and they sent a very knowledgeable technician with two years experience. He not only fixed my leak but also showed me a few points about how to better utilize my system.
Great job
Andrew, was clear, quick, and professional. Thank you.
Filter replacement
Once again advanced solar was perfect! Andrew showed up exactly when Yamil said he would. My filter unit was original, leaning water and needed to be replace. Andrew polite, professional and definitely knew what hew was doing. After instal he walked me through how it worked, reset my timer and was off. Everything was neat and clean just as I had it. I've use a couple of pool companies over the years and very pleased I tried advanced solar. ....dont waist your time with anyone else.
Installation of my solar heater for my pool was flawless!
Thank you so much Jacob, Jimmy and Shaun!!! Just like they said , done in a day. Professional, neat and definitely knew what they were doing. Erica, my sales person didn't try and up sell me, she educated me of my options and left it at that. Said to let me know how I wanted to proceed. Not to mention the the staff at the office were excellent every step of the way, thanks Yamil! We couldn't be happier! Our pool hasn't been better!
Very professional
I recently had a solar pool system and salt system installed for my pool. Mark Langley was very professional and helpful with all aspects of the sales and installation. Jacob was the lead installer and did everything that he could to make sure that the job was completed to my satisfaction. When there was a problem, they sent someone from Fort Lauderdale to Tequesta to make sure that everything was OK.
Expect great service.
high quality service at an affordable price
Yamil was able to locate parts for our cell system at a good price. We were thankful for the quote and service was the next day.
Andrew and Jake
Excellent service, respectful and informative. Highly recommend Marcy Hoffman
Professional service with regard for detail. On time and quality work
Yamil does and outstanding job of dealing with details and making sure that what was promised is delivered. Follow up is excellent.
Excellent Service
Andrew, Ernest and Jacob arrived on the first day of our heat pump installation on time and ready to go. They were very professional and courteous throughout the process, and appropriately apologetic when the install could not be completed as intended (work order errors). Andrew returned on his own to complete the install very professionally. The crew deserves 5 stars, the company 4.5.
Highly recommended!
Let's be real, in South Florida it is hard to come by a company that is reliable, honest and does a great job. I just got off the phone to schedule a service for my solar hot water heater. They were booked this entire week. I asked if they could troubleshoot with me on the phone and wouldn't you know it, it worked! They saved me a service call fee and now I'm up and running! I would highly recommend this company!!
Responsive, courteous and knowledgable
These guys are awesome. I needed an important document for an installation they did almost 14 years ago. They researched it and provided a notary signed document to help me out. Their service has been responsive and professional and obviously the product has been working well all these years. Most of any work done was hurricane related, which by the way may have saved my roof.
My service rep was TK and he was wonderful. Took care of my repairs efficiently and with a great personality.
Pool solar install
The installation was professionally done by Andrew and Ernest. Waiting to test the pool tomorrow.
Andrew and Earnest Top Quality!!!
Just had six solar panels installed to keep pool warm. Andrew and Earnest kept me informed during the entire process. They even rerouted some piping per my request. Great customer service and a job well done!
Pool solar install
Chris and jake were very quick and professional...install was clean and to my satisfaction
Solar panel - Freeze valve
Andrew, Quick & professional he was informative, clean and thorough. Definitely recommend them and been doing business with the company for over 7 years.
Chris and Earnest did excellent job and very nice and helpful
Great job thanks
Very knowledgable and a pleasure to work with.
Identified the problem immediately and remedied the situation the same day. Enjoyed working with TK.
High quality service, very professional. TK is great!
TK was our service technician. He was very professional, addressed our issues with a high quality of care and support. Would definitely recommend to friends and family. Thanks TK!
Great company with awesome service
I had solar panels and dwh installed. Shane was running the installation. He was a consistent professional and performed the install on time. He answered all my questions and provided excellent advise. The whole staff was so supportive too. I would recommend this company to everyone.
Great service
Andrew and Wayne did the installation . They were very professional, knowledgeable and courteous. They had a positive attitude. They expressed themselves very well and were able to give us all the explanations we needed. Also, the left the working area very clean. Great job, great team.
Pool Heater Install
Andrew care add the install then again two days later to ensure everything was secured and working properly as well as to install the blanket. He is super!! He is very polite and informative. Before the install he let me know what he was going to do and prior to the pipe install let let me know his plans and if I had any concerns. This was the best install of any on this hose I have had. I highly recommend these guys. From the first contact of the salesman Mark to the last Andrew, this has been a very positive experience.
I recently committed to a rather large solar thermal and solar electric system. Solar thermal is all installed and I expect the solar electric to be completed this week. I am an engineer and have spent my entire career in the power industry as VP and SVP of two major steam turbine generator companies. I did a full spreadsheet analysis of 4 solar companies in South Florida and met face to face with each. Advance came up on top. In the final stages of evaluation I was introduced to Shane (don't have his last name) and he explained many of the technical details relating to equipment and the install. Shane committed to me that he would lead my install effort. This young man and his brother Jake have done so far 90% of the work. The quality of work they are doing is amazing. Their responsiveness to my questions, and patience go far beyond their years. What a valued employee----Advance. You should take care of these folks as they are your future superstars! We have quite a bit to yet be done and the devil is in the details, but I fully expect a quality install right through the end. Shane is a great communicator and keeps me advise of everything. We had some medical issues with my wife and I am very active in my church. I had absolutely no concern about giving Shane my garage door code so allow him to come in and out. A real terrific asset for Advance Solar these two young gentlemen are! Thank You. Mark Wohlschlegel
T.K. & Ernest awesome and valued associates and Chris the field manager are a first rate team.
Apricots system
Friendly, left working areas clean and tidy, picked up all related trash ,work its self was well done!!!
Excellent service! Honest and very much care is given to each and every customer!
Very honest! Prices are very low when you consider the quality of their products! NO SHORTCUTS, AND NO INFERIOR, CHEAPER PRODUCTS! Follow up if you need it has been great! Clean, neat and professional work! Not much left to say except for my money I do not feel they can be beat! Ps my whole family has used this company!
TK was on time & very professional & found the issue very quickly
High quality service
Great company!!! I seriously recommend it to everyone interested in installing solar panels. A very satisfied customer.
Very professional & respectful
The crew was great. Very Professional & very good respectful. I couldn't run solar panels since there was s no water in the pool. But visually all seems great!
Very professional & respectful
The crew was great. Very Professional & very good respectful. I couldn't run solar panels since there was s no water in the pool. But visually all seems great!
Solar hot water heater repair
The repair was earlier than expected, but went smoothly. The technician was great and very professional. I would recommend them for repairs.
Solar Systems @ home
Just got all the services they got to offer regarding Solar Systems. Very professional, the best products around, unbeatable customer service, really a happy customer.
Excellent Customer Service
Advance Solar & Spa offers great customer service with a very attentive and knowledgeable staff.
Great service and communication!
Great company to do business. The service and installation department are very knowledgeable and great communicators. Everything they installed was done very neatly and professionally. Thanks to Advance for helping us do our part to protect our environment for future generations! Special thanks to Yamil, John and Shane!
Fast, efficient, professional!
Shane, T and Jake arrived early and worked hard all day. They finished early and explained everything well.
Professional, Quality, Expert Workmanship!!!
Great company to work with. Experts at there craft. Courteous, friendly and knowledgeable staff always eager to assist. I would recommend them without hesitation.
Best Company Best Price
I had a service call put through their office for my pool heating solar system. Tech knew what he was doing and was in and out in 20 mins. Very happy with service.
Solar Hot Water Heater
Advance Solar delivered everything they promised. Even when there was a failure in the equipment, they stepped up and delivered a replacement almost immediately. Everyone is friendly and easy to work with and they keep you as informed as possible during the whole process. We would highly recommend using Advance Solar & Spa.
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990 Northwest 53rd Street
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309754-206-7914
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BUTLER CREEK CORPORATION Rifle Slings
Butler Creek Adjustable Black Rifle Sling w/Swivels
Butler Creek's leading slings are now available with the Uncle Mike's swivels with Tri-Lock already installed. These patent pending swivels offer an excellent compliment to Butler Creek slings and your favorite firearm. This combo pack will save you money and provide years of shooting or hunting enjoyment.
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Risk control is at the heart of the Edmond de Rothschild Group's quantitative management expertise. The Group's dynamic and systematic approach seeks to fulfil a twofold objective: to take advantage of market upturns at the same time as limiting losses in the event of a downturn. To do this, the Group implements asymmetric management within a predefined volatility budget.
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maintains a dynamic correlation with the markets. This results in an
asymmetrical profile which can better withstand market downturns.


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Skip to Content
September 26, 2011
CONTACT: Richard Penny, (425) 352-3395, firstname.lastname@example.com
BOTHELL, Wash. – The University of Washington Bothell has hired Laura Mansfield as its new web manager.
In the role, Mansfield will be responsible for guiding the presentational design, marketing strategy and content for the UW Bothell website and related social media outlets, including the campus Facebook pages.
Mansfield has more than 20 years of experience leading communications and marketing efforts for institutions of higher education. Most recently, Mansfield worked at Seattle Central Community College, where she served as director of public relations and marketing. Mansfield previously held similar positions for the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Tulane University Medical Center.
"We are delighted to have Laura join our team. As the campus and its academic offerings have grown, so, too, has our need for a more comprehensive and sophisticated web presence. Laura will serve as lead in helping the institution to meet that need," says Richard Penny, vice chancellor of advancement and external relations for UW Bothell.
About UW Bothell: The University of Washington Bothell combines the benefits of a small campus with the resources and prestige of a world-renowned university. Offering over 30 degrees, options, certificates and concentrations, its curriculum emphasizes close student-faculty interaction, collaboration among students, and hands-on learning.For more information, visit www.uwb.edu.


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Grades PreK-6~These subject-specific workbooks are beautifully illustrated in full color and are designed for students who need intervention or enrichment. Perforated pages, easy-to-follow directions, and answer keys make these workbooks suitable for mastering basic skills at home or in the classroom. Subjects range include language arts and reading, math, science, and Spanish. Areas covered are beginning and emergent skills in shapes, colors, and numbers, to advanced concepts in algebra and geometry. There are two handwriting titles that demonstrate traditional manuscript and cursive writing. This series is perfect for summer refreshers or extra help all through the year. 8.375" x 10.875". Reproducible. 80pp. $4.99.Carson-Dellosa Publishing Staff is the author of 'Basic Skills Helpers, Grade 2 ', published 2006 under ISBN 9780769679525 and ISBN 0769679528.[read more]
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Mein Hanzy:
Like a scene from a North American version of Mad Max, I recently found myself beset upon by a pack of raging Porsches the likes of which I have never before seen. Squinting into my rearview mirror, I watched, horrified, as they began to chase after me, fanning out with a wail like Teutonic banshees that easily infiltrated the sepulchral silence normally dominating the cabin of my borrowed Cayenne Turbo S. I stabbed at the accelerator and provoked the turbos into force-feeding the big V8, feeling its enormous torque claw into the pavement as if this incredible machine, given enough traction, could arrest the Earth's rotation. I felt my face flatten and my spine shrink as I was pressed deeper and deeper into the folds of the luxurious seat and the Cayenne rocketed down the road, leaving all but the best of the turbo 911s and GT cars in her generous wake. I was gathering some serious speed down a long straight section of roadway, far beyond what I am normally accustomed to. I could sense my vision beginning to narrow as my thundering world morphed into a blur like an impressionist painting, and I was soon caught inside a frightening form of tunnel vision not unlike peering through a periscope. Only instead of making six or seven knots, my speedometer was well into triple digits and rising with an exuberance that can only be described as maniacal. I had two and a half tons of extruded and pressed steel about to shatter the sound barrier when I became aware of a long turn in my immediate future. I glanced in my rearview mirror and could see that I was holding my own, but I knew I was going way too fast for the upcoming turn. I warily pondered the big Porsche's impressive bulk.
Pounding hard on those Brobdingnagian Brembo brakes, I knew it was only a matter of time before the GT3s and 911 Turbos began nipping at my heals in bloody reminiscence of the undeniable food chain, and I was also aware that my lumbering beast, despite her admittedly monstrous reserves of stamina and pluck, was about to become food. The pace, in the end, was simply too much for her. And it had also become quite clear that I had either wrung out this machine or it had wrung me out, and being a basically honest person I knew that the former was impossible and that the latter formed an imperative that was impossible to ignore. The swarming horde was back there, snapping and snarling like an unearthly pack of colorful Weimaraners, enjoying the chase in the certain knowledge that the day would be won, and that in the end there would be a juicy feast to gorge upon in the slanting rays of a victorious primal sunset.
Heading into a wooded area that would not be amenable to our rate of speed, I slowly lifted the accelerator pedal and floated into the forest, a spooky, heavy feeling settling into my bones as I passed under a shroud of towering pines closely lining the edge of the road. It was then that I spotted my potential escape, for there in the leafy skyline were high-tension wires betraying an access road comprised entirely of dirt ditches and otherwise insignificant mud puddles that would trouble my lioness no more than the scantiest of silly thorns. I hit the brakes and set the nose of my magnificent Cayenne onto the grainy detritus of unpaved America. She took a bite and dug into the firmament with the gusto of a hunted animal. I heard the turbocharger murmuring in the background, imminently poised to blast us into a savage mayhem on this loose gravel road. I checked my rearview mirror and saw, through a thickening cloud of dust, a collection of the finest Zuffenhausen has to offer gathered at the mouth of my dirty road, confused and justifiably reluctant to injure their delicate undercarriages on the rutty aspects of a rural undertaking. I sat back in my seat, as comfortable as a prince upon his father's pillow, and started fingering the buttons that would pamper me. As I bounced along on my 21st century buckboard I thought to myself: Man, there truly is no substitute.


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If you're an administrator of your organization's G Suite or Cloud Identity account and you forgot your password, or are having trouble signing in to your Google Account, here's what you can do to access your account.
Note: Users must sign in with their administrator's account. You can use the account chooser to change accounts.
Reset your administrator password
- Open the sign in/recovery page and enter the username you use to sign in to your administrator account.
- Click Next.
If you don't know your username, click Forgot email?. Then follow the instructions to access your account using your recovery email address or phone number.
Tip: Click "Try another way" in the recovery flow if you can't answer some questions.
If you don't see recovery email or phone options, it could be for one of these reasons:
- You didn't add this information to your admin account.
- Your organization's Google account has more than 3 super admins or 500 users.
See If email and phone options aren't available below.
If email and phone options aren't available
- Ask another admin in your organization with Super Admin privileges to reset your password using the Google Admin console.
- If you can't ask another administrator for help, answer the questions about your Google Admin Account and your organization's Google account. You don't have to answer all the questions correctly to be able to verify your domain. Then, follow the instructions to verify your domain.
Note: If you purchased your domain or chose a domain that's free for one year when you signed up for G Suite or Cloud Identity, contact support using this form.
- If you don't see the questions about your account, this most likely means one of the following:
- Your organization's Google account has more than 3 super admins or 500 users.
- Google systems don't have enough information about your account to verify the correct answers to the questions.
- You recently made too many attempts to answer some of the questions.
- Contact support using this form (G Suite or Cloud Identity only).
Important: If your admin account didn't have a recovery email address or phone number, make sure you add these recovery options to your account once you've signed in to the Admin console.
Change your administrator password
If you know your current password, you can sign in to your account and follow the steps to change your password..


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Posted on Dec 24, 2011
Melanie Elturk
When we heard Tawakkul Karman, a Muslim, was the first Arab woman and youngest person awarded the Nobel Peace Laureate we were thrilled. To see her in hijab made us ecstatic!
Tawakkul Karman is the face of the Yemeni uprising that was part of the Arab spring. She has been an active and vocal opponent calling for the end of President Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime. She has quickly become an icon of the protest movement. As a journalist and founder of the human rights group Women Journalists Without Chains, she is the first Arab woman to win the prize and the youngest peace laureate in history at just 32 years of age.
Watch her acceptance speech courtesy of Democracy Now!
In her acceptance speech, delivered in Arabic, Karman paid tribute to Arab women and their struggles, "To all those women who are still stumbling on the path of freedom in countries with no social justice or equal opportunities, to all of them I say, thank you. This day would not have come true without you."
One of Karman's widely distributed quotes has stirred passion in many. When asked about her hijab by journalists and how it is not proportionate with her level of intellect and education, she replied,
"Man in early times was almost naked, and as his intellect evolved he started wearing clothes. What I am today and what I'm wearing represents the highest level of thought and civilization that man has achieved, and is not regressive. It's the removal of clothes again that is regressive back to ancient times."
To learn more, watch this interview about her struggles in Yemen and her surprise at being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
We could not be more filled with pride as we witness her undying passion for justice and her strong conviction in hijab. May God continue to fuel her passion and strengthen her resolve in all she does.