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What is ASTON MARTIN TPMS? ASTON MARTIN Direct TPMS, Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensors, are a warning system that warns a vehicle's operator of an unsafe change in the air pressure in one or more of the tires. ASTON MARTIN TPMS readings are provided by pressure sensing transmitters ,TPMS, mounted inside each tire and sent to a central computer (ECU) for display on the dashboard. A warning indicator light on the instrument panel and an ASTON MARTIN trouble warning notify the driver if a 25% drop in pressure occurs. How do I know if my ASTON MARTIN vehicle is equipped with TPMS? In the U.S., if you purchased a car or light duty vehicle under 10,000 lbs, manufactured after September 1, 2007, you have TPMS. If your model was manufactured after October 5, 2005, you may have TPMS. Also, prior to the legislation, some higher-end vehicles also came equipped with TPMS as a premium option. When You See the ASTON MARTIN TPMS Tire Pressure Alert When your ASTON MARTIN TPMS warning light comes on, please exercise caution. This means that one or more of your tires may be at least 25% below recommended inflation pressure. Find a safe place to pull out of traffic so you can stop to check your tires. NOTE: If you are driving at higher speeds (highway), immediately take firm hold of the steering wheel with both hands because, in the event that you are experiencing a blowout (rapid deflation), you'll need to be prepared to handle your vehicle. Then, slowly decelerate and move out of traffic. Once you have checked to ensure you are not having a blowout, use a tire gauge to check the pressure of each tire against your manufacturer's recommended pressure level. (A tire gauge should be a standard component within your set of emergency items in your vehicle.) The recommended pressure level can be found on the tire placard, a label located just inside the driver's side door on ASTON MARTIN vehicles. If you are not comfortable checking the tire pressure on your ASTON MARTIN, proceed with caution to have your tire pressure checked by a professional tire technician.* Fill your tires to the proper placard tire pressure, either with the help of your nearest tire service center or by using a tire air supply at a nearby filling station. If necessary, have any damaged tires, as well as the ASTON MARTIN TPMS system, serviced at your nearest tire service center. The TPMS light should turn off within several minutes after reinflating the tires to their recommended pressure. *Checking tire pressure before you've driven on them, when the tire is "cold," is always the best way to get the most accurate reading for your ASTON MARTIN TPMS.
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text: The easiest flowers to pick? The edible kind! Wow your guests with a floral cake that matches your bouquet, dress, or decor for a uniform look that can range from elegant and traditional to colourful and whimsical. We've gathered up 23 of our favourite floral cakes to show you all of the different ways the idea can be interpreted. These blooming beauties are almost too pretty to eat…almost.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's White vs. Red in Battle of Sox
Friday, August 30, 2013
Today's News
Tonight's Game
White Sox vs. Red Sox at Fenway Park, Boston (6:10 p.m., CT, WCIU) in the opener of a three-game series and the beginning of a 10-game road trip that includes the Yankees (three) and Orioles (four). Starters: LHP Hector Santiago (4-7, 3.25) for the White Sox, RHP Ryan Dempster (6-9, 4.77) for the Red Sox. Our Sox won two of three games from Boston in a home series in May. We have also won 10 of our last 12 games, 16 of our last 23, captured five consecutive series (Tigers, Twins, Royals, Rangers, Astros) and six straight road games.
Sox Starting Lineup: De Aza, CF; Beckham, 2B; Ramirez, SS; Dunn, DH; Konerko, 1B; A. Garcia, RF; Keppinger, 3B; Viciedo, LF; Phegley, C.
It All Starts with Pitching
Dazzling Debut
Having a breakout season in 2013, Micah Johnson, batting leadoff and playing second base, collected three hits last night in his first game with Birmingham after stints at Class A Kannapolis and Class A Advanced Winston-Salem. Read more about one of the Sox's top prospects who leads all of the minor leagues in stolen bases.
Play(s) of the Day
It was a special night for the newly acquired Garcias–Avisail and Leury–on Wednesday night as the Sox defeated the Astros, 6-1. Avi went 3-4, highlighted by a three-run blast (his first homer with the Sox), and is now hitting .397 in his last 15 games and .352 in 19 games since coming to Chicago. Leury, spelling Alexei Ramirez at shortstop, walked twice, scored twice, stole a base and drove in a run with a sac fly…It was also a vintage Chris Sale as he went eight-plus innings, allowing just one run and four hits while striking out 12. He claimed his 10th victory of the year, collected his 20th quality start, tied the franchise record with at least 12 strikeouts in a game for the sixth time in his career (along with Juan Pizarro and Ed Walsh) and set a Sox record for accomplishing it for the fourth time in 2013. Avi and Leury in action:
Quote of the Day
Adam Dunn gives credit to hitting coach Jeff Manto for his recent success at the plate (courtesy of Manny Randhawa, mlb.com):
"I don't think I've changed my approach very much. I just think I'm getting pitched a little bit differently than I have. I'm able to get to some balls that for most of my career I wasn't able to get to and I think that's credit to Jeff, getting me all year long in a good hitting position. I think it's just having a really good routine and having a really good hitting coach that won't let me get away from what we're trying to do. Sometimes it's frustrating and sometimes I'll yell at him and he's really quick to yell right back and say, 'We're doing it.' So, it's good."
Tomorrow's Schedule
White Sox vs. Red Sox at Fenway Park (6:10 p.m., CT, WGN). Starters: LHP John Danks (4-10, 4.15) for the Sox, former teammate RHP Jake Peavy (10-5, 3.99) for Boston.
Did You Know…
…that Jeff Keppinger is hitting .378 with two homers, five RBI and 10 runs scored over his last 15 games?
Photo of the Day
This is how Chris must look to opposing hitters.


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HDL stands for high-density lipoprotein. It's also sometimes called "good" cholesterol. Lipoproteins are made of fat and protein. They carry cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats, called lipids, in the blood from other parts of your body to your liver.
This article discusses the blood test used to measure the level of HDL cholesterol in your blood.
See also:
High-density lipoprotein test
A blood sample is needed.
Blood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
You may be told not to eat or drink anything for 9 - 12 hours before the test.
The health care provider may tell you to stop taking certain drugs before the procedure.
When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
This test is done to check the level of cholesterol in your blood and to see if you are at high risk for a heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular problem. Studies of both men and women have shown that the higher your HDL, the lower your risk of coronary artery disease. This is why HDL is sometimes referred to as "good" cholesterol.
The main function of HDL is to help soak up excess cholesterol from the walls of blood vessels and carry it to the liver, where it breaks down and is removed from the body in the bile.
The laboratory test for HDL actually measures how much cholesterol is in each high-density lipoprotein particle, not the actual amount of HDL in the blood.
In general, your risk for heart disease, including a heart attack, increases if your HDL cholesterol level is less than 40 mg/dL.
An HDL 60 mg/dL or above helps protect against heart disease.
Women tend to have higher HDL cholesterol than men.
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
Low HDL levels may be a sign that you have an increased risk for atherosclerotic heart disease.
A low HDL level may also be associated with:
There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
HDL may be done as part of an overall lipid profile, where "bad" cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides will also be measured. The combined information gathered from all of these tests may help your risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.
Your health care provider may recommend therapy if your risk is found to be high. Regular exercise can increase HDL levels by several points.
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497. Updated 2004.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for lipid disorders in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2008 Jun.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children. US Preventive Services;Task Force recommendation statement. Pediatrics. 2007;120(1):e215-9.
Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 217.
Review Date: 5/23/2010
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. Copyright ©2003 A.D.A.M., Inc., as modified by University of California San Francisco. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Medical Center. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have.


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One of my favorite movies is director Richard Linklater's Dazed and Confused. While many filmmakers try and make moments feel real, Dazed and Confused is like watching a documentary. Everything feels like it's really happening and nothing feels forced. I think it's one of the most accurate portrayals of high school ever made and I cannot recommend the film enough.
While Dazed didn't exactly do well when it got released, it's one of those films that's consistently played on cable and always sold well on DVD. It's the kind of film any studio would want to have in its library. So when Richard Linklater announced he was going to make That's What I'm Talking About, a "spiritual sequel" to his 1993 film and it would take place on a college campus in the 80's, I thought there would be a bidding war among studios wanting to build off the massive cult success of the original. But there wasn't, and a film that many of us were dying to see never got off the ground.
So earlier today when I sat down with Linklater to talk about his new film Me and Orson Welles, we discussed what happened to That's What I'm Talking About and he told me a lot more about the film and what really happened. The good news: it's still a project he really wants to do and he has a plan to make it happen! Watch what he had to say after the jump. And Universal, if you're reading this, make this film with Linklater and then you can package Dazed with this one!
While I strongly recommend watching the interview below, here are some of the highlights:
- He got the budget of That's What I'm Talking About down to 14 million. He had the financing in place but due to a lack of distribution, the project fell apart.
- When I asked him what it's about, he told me, "I carefully called it a spiritual sequel to Dazed cause it's not the same characters. If Dazed was my High School, this is my college. It's about a weekend in college in that time period. It's funny…I think it's the funniest thing I ever wrote."
- The next time he tries to get the film off the ground, he's going to get actors attached, then try and get the money together.
- Says he took one meeting with Jack Black about School of Rock 2 and everyone reported they were making the sequel.
- Says a possible next project is a true crimes story that is also a black comedy.
Finally, what you're about to watch is only part of my extended interview with Richard Linklater. Look for a lot more from this great filmmaker over the next few days.
Richard Linklater
- I ask was he really going to make a Dazed and Confused type movie that took place in the 80's?
- Further in the interview he says it's about young men behaving poorly. Says it closer to The Hangover than anything else out there. Says it's about young guys really getting plowed with crazy behavior.
- Says it's a bad time to get films made right now but thinks he will be able to in the next few years.
- Says the working title was That's What I'm Talking About
- I ask if it was the budget that did him in and he says he had it down to 14 million. He even had financing but what did him in was no distribution!
- I ask if he had cast attached – says he didn't but the next time he takes a run at it he'll try and get people attached
- We talk about future projects and he tells a story about how he'd had one meeting with Jack Black about a School of Rock sequel and it was all over the trades.
- I ask what he might do next and he says he has a few projects in development, one is a true crimes story that is also a black comedy. He also mentions That's What I'm Talking About.


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Day 1 | Day 2
Adaptive designs have the potential to accelerate clinical trials while cutting costs. An adaptive design means that the dosing, eligibility criteria, sample size, or treatment settings can be adjusted during the course of the trial as evidence accumulates. The final goal of adaptive clinical trial is to bring technological advances to patients in the most efficient manner. The Fifth annual Adaptive Clinical Trials conference is designed to highlight an array of topics, including adaptive designs within the context of a development program, Bayesian analysis in adaptive design, dose ranging studies, biomarker-driven trials, regulatory issues associated with adaptive design, and more.
(SC4) Adaptive Clinical Trials: Strategies and Tools
*Separate registration required
7:00 am Registration and Morning Coffee
8:30 Chairperson's Remarks
Jose Pinheiro, Ph.D., Senior Director, Biostatistics, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC
Keynote Presentation
8:40 The Use of Adaptive Design in Practice: A Strategy for the Successful Implementation of Adaptive Designs in Drug Development
Jerald S. Schindler, Dr.P.H., Vice President, Late Development Statistics, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories
As pharmaceutical companies complete the initial phase of implementing adaptive clinical trials in practice, new strategies are emerging for the implementation of these trials in future drug development. Companies have already gained experience in all phases of drug development from early MTD trials, through dose response escalation and dose selection, and then to confirmatory trials. This presentation will review the opportunities for adaptive designs in each phase of drug research and will also present an optimized strategy for adaptive drug development in the future. This strategy will be illustrated with examples from our experience using adaptive designs at Merck.
9:10 FDA Draft Guidance on Adaptive Designs: Overview, Key Messages, and Impact
The draft guidance on Adaptive Designs (AD) clarifies the FDA position on a wide range of topics related to the planning, execution and analysis of AD, being expected to have a major impact on the future utilization of these methods in clinical drug development. Pharmaceutical companies and the industry trade association, PhRMA, were actively engaged in reviewing the guidance to provide timely feedback to FDA. This presentation will provide an overview of the guidance, focusing on key regulatory concerns and recommendations on the use of AD in clinical trials, and discussing its potential impact on clinical development, as well as reactions from the pharma industry to its release.
10:10 Networking Coffee Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
10:50 The Continual Reassessment Method as a Prototype Adaptive Trial Design: Lessons and Implications
Steven Piantadosi, M.D., Ph.D., Phase One Foundation Chair and Director, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
This talk will discuss some of the history and underpinnings of the modified continual reassessment method (CRM) for dose-finding in oncology from the viewpoint of adaptive clinical trial design. The CRM is typical in some ways as a Bayesian design and atypical in others, making it a useful example to understand strengths and weaknesses of adaptive designs. The use of this design for dose-finding in oncology will be discussed as a starting point for reflecting on adaptive designs broadly. Most of the discussion will focus on the CRM itself and dose-finding versus dose-ranging, but some implications for later developmental designs will be highlighted. Practical implementation of the CRM will be illustrated using software developed by the author.
11:20 Sponsored Presentation (Opportunity Available)
11:50 Adaptive Clinical Trials in Neurology
Michael Krams, Ph.D., Vice President, Neurology Franchise, Johnson & Johnson
12:20 pm Using Adaptive Designs and Bayesian Statistics to Enhance the Efficiency of Drug Development
Yili L. Pritchett, Ph.D., Research Fellow, Director, Clinical Statistics, Global Statistics and Data Management, Abbott Laboratories
The challenging environment for finding and developing new drugs has called for innovations. Abbott Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development (GPRD) has embraced the notion of using adaptive designs in clinical programs to enhance efficiency, especially at the stages of poof-of-concept and dose-fining. Statistics organization has played a key role in educating the concept and methods, and in promoting the usage of adaptive designs in the past 4 years. In this talk, we will first share the efforts of promoting adaptive designs as well as the usage of Bayesian statistics within Abbott GPRD. We will then present a couple different types of adaptive designs that were successfully implemented and achieved tangible results. Finally, the process that we created to enable the implementation of adaptive designs will also be shared.
12:50 Luncheon Presentation (Sponsorship Opportunity Available) or Lunch on Your Own
ADAPTIVE DESIGN FOR VARIOuS PHASES
1:50 Chairperson's Remarks
David Manner, Ph.D., Group Leader, Endocrine Exploratory and Program Medical Statistics, Eli Lilly
1:55 Effective Design of Phase II and Phase III Trials: An Over-Arching Approach
Christopher Jennison, Professor of Statistics, University of Bath, UK
We consider the joint design of Phase II and Phase III trials following a decision theoretic approach with a gain function arising from a positive Phase III outcome and costs for sampling and time to a positive conclusion. With a prior for the dose response model and a risk curve for the probability that doses fail on safety grounds, the challenge is to optimize study designs for comparing doses in Phase II, choosing the dose or doses to progress to Phase III, and the Phase III design itself. We show it is feasible to tackle this problem and discuss generalizations from an initial, simple formulation.
2:25 Design and Trial Operational Considerations for a Phase II Two-Stage Adaptive Trial
Weili He, Ph.D., Associate Director, Clinical Biostatistics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
We design a two-stage adaptive design for the purposes of proof-of-concept and obtaining preliminary dose response information for a new chemical entity. Patients will be randomized to receive a high dose of test drug, placebo, and an active control during Stage I. During Stage II, a lower dose of test drug will be added in addition to the treatment arms in Stage I. Since the trial serves multiple purposes, we consider several design issues.
2:55 A Bayesian Adaptive Design Case Study in a Phase III Cancer Trial
Jason Connor, Ph.D., Statistical Scientist, Berry Consultants
This example of a Bayesian adaptive design for a phase III oncology trial incorporates longitudinal modeling of patient outcomes and predictive probabilities. The primary outcome is overall survival and the final analysis is a standard log-rank test. Meanwhile a Bayesian machinery is used 'behind the curtain' to select the optimal sample size based upon accruing information at predefined sample size selection analyses. At each interim analysis, the adaptive design considers differences in progression-free survival and uses this to predict future overall survival differences based upon an internal and constantly updated longitudinal model. The sample size algorithm is based on two predictive probabilities.
3:25 Networking Refreshment Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
4:00 Case Study: Dose-Finding Studies in Diabetes Drug Development
In drug development, researchers have many decisions to make regarding the clinical plan to adequately assess the efficacy and safety of a new compound for patients and to optimize commercial outcome. Specifically, in Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials, design parameters and decision criteria should be chosen with the overall clinical plan in mind. For example, in Phase 2 studies, a researcher should consider the impact on phase 3 of design parameters such as of the number of doses, number of patients, duration of study, and whether an adaptive or fixed design is used. A simulation study will be presented to examine the impact of these decisions for an experimental compound in diabetes drug development.
4:30 Panel Discussion: What it Takes to Run a Successful Adaptive Trial
5:00 Interactive Breakout Discussion Groups
Topic: How many doses do you need in a dose ranging study?
Moderator: Vlad Dragalin, Senior Vice President, Innovation Center, Aptiv Solutions
Topic: Adaptive trials in oncology
Moderator: Steven Piantadosi, M.D., Ph.D., Phase One Foundation Chair and Director, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
Topic: Clinical IVR/IWR systems in Adaptive Clinical Trials
Moderator: Gayle Flynn, Head of Global Ramos & Supply Chain Analytic, GlaxoSmithKline
6:00-7:00 Welcome Reception in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
Register Today andNetwork with 400 Colleagues
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Lil Flip - I Get Money (Feat. Jim Jones)
"I Get Money" By Lil' Flip Featuring Jim Jones, From Lil' Flip's New Album, "I Need Mines" In Stores Now.
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Just a warning, really. Grime producer Terror Danjah is coming down to the studio tonight to be interviewed on my weekly radio show. I've got questions about the space between grime and dubstep, about SB.TV and about his trademark gremlin cackle… and who knows what else'll come up. He's a nice man. So nice in fact that he came down to Live Magazine a few weeks ago, armed with a bottle of Lucozade to keep him refreshed while the journalists of the future grilled him for a profile piece we ran in the mag.
I'll put up a transcript of the interview over the weekend some time, ready to read alongside the show which will be available to listen again on Monday.


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text:
Ewing Sarcoma Treatment (PDQ®)NCI PDQ Summaries for Patients
General Information About Ewing Sarcoma
Stages of Ewing Sarcoma
Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma
Treatment Option Overview
Treatment Options for Ewing Sarcoma
To Learn More About Ewing Sarcoma
About This PDQ Summary
General Information About Ewing Sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue.
Ewing sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms from a certain kind of cell in bone or soft tissue. Ewing sarcoma may be found in the bones of the legs, arms, feet, hands, chest, pelvis, spine, or skull. Ewing sarcoma also may be found in the soft tissue of the trunk, arms, legs, head and neck, abdominal cavity, or other areas.
Ewing sarcoma is most common in adolescents and young adults.
Ewing sarcoma has also been called peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Askin tumor (Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall), extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (Ewing sarcoma in tissue other than bone), and Ewing sarcoma family of tumors.
Signs and symptoms of Ewing sarcoma include swelling and pain near the tumor.
These and other signs and symptoms may be caused by Ewing sarcoma or by other conditions. Check with your child's doctor if your child has any of the following:
- Pain and/or swelling, usually in the arms, legs, chest, back, or pelvis.
- A lump (which may feel soft and warm) in the arms, legs, chest, or pelvis.
- Fever for no known reason.
- A bone that breaks for no known reason.
Tests that examine the bone and soft tissue are used to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma.
Procedures that make pictures of the bones and soft tissues and nearby areas help diagnose Ewing sarcoma and show how far the cancer has spread. The process used to find out if cancer cells have spread within and around the bones and soft tissues is called staging.
In order to plan treatment, it is important to know if the cancer is in the area where it first formed or if it has spread to other parts of the body. Tests and procedures to detect, diagnose, and stage Ewing sarcoma are usually done at the same time.
The following tests and procedures may be used to diagnose or stage Ewing sarcoma:
- Physical exam and history: An exam of the body to check general signs of health, including checking for signs of disease, such as lumps or anything else that seems unusual. A history of the patient's health habits and past illnesses and treatments will also be taken.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A procedure that uses a magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the area where the tumor formed. This procedure is also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
- CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, such as the area where the tumor formed or the chest, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computerized tomography, or computerized axial tomography.
- PET scan (positron emission tomography scan): A procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET scanner rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do. A PET scan and a CT scan are often done at the same time. If there is any cancer, this increases the chance that it will be found.
- Bone scan: A procedure to check if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone. A very small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream. The radioactive material collects in the bones with cancer and is detected by a scanner.
- Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: The removal of bone marrow and a small piece of bone by inserting a hollow needle into the hipbone. Samples are removed from both hipbones. A pathologist views the bone marrow and bone under a microscope to see if the cancer has spread.
- X-ray: An x-ray is a type of energy beam that can go through the body and onto film, making a picture of areas inside the body, such as the chest or the area where the tumor formed.
Complete blood count (CBC): A procedure in which a sample of blood is drawn and checked for the following:
- The number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- The amount of hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen) in the red blood cells.
- The portion of the blood sample made up of red blood cells.
- Blood chemistry studies: A procedure in which a blood sample is checked to measure the amounts of certain substances, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), released into the blood by organs and tissues in the body. An unusual (higher or lower than normal) amount of a substance can be a sign of disease.
A biopsy is done to diagnose Ewing sarcoma.
Tissue samples are removed during a biopsy so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer. It is helpful if the biopsy is done at the same center where treatment will be given.
- Needle biopsy: For a needle biopsy, tissue is removed using a needle. This type of needle biopsy may be done if it's possible to remove tissue samples large enough to be used for testing.
- Incisional biopsy: For an incisional biopsy, a sample of tissue is removed through an incision in the skin.
- Excisional biopsy: The removal of an entire lump or area of tissue that doesn't look normal.
The specialists (pathologist, radiation oncologist, and surgeon) who will treat the patient usually work together to decide where the needle should be placed or the biopsy incision should be made. This is done so that the biopsy doesn't affect later treatment such as surgery to remove the tumor or radiation therapy.
If there is a chance that the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, one or more lymph nodes may be removed and checked for signs of cancer.
The following tests may be done on the tissue that is removed:
- Cytogenetic analysis: A laboratory test in which cells in a sample of tissue are viewed under a microscope to look for certain changes in the chromosomes.
- Immunohistochemistry: A test that uses antibodies to check for certain antigens in a sample of tissue. The antibody is usually linked to a radioactive substance or a dye that causes the tissue to light up under a microscope. This type of test may be used to tell the difference between different types of cancer.
- Flow cytometry: A laboratory test that measures the number of cells in a sample, the percentage of live cells in a sample, and certain characteristics of cells, such as size, shape, and the presence of tumor markers on the cell surface. The cells are stained with a light-sensitive dye, placed in a fluid, and passed in a stream before a laser or other type of light. The measurements are based on how the light-sensitive dye reacts to the light.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).
The factors that affect prognosis (chance of recovery) are different before and after treatment.
Before treatment, prognosis depends on:
- Whether the tumor has spread to lymph nodes or distant parts of the body.
- Where in the body the tumor started.
- Whether the tumor formed in the bone or in soft tissue.
- How large the tumor is at when the tumor is diagnosed.
- Whether the LDH level in the blood is higher than normal.
- How much radioactive glucose is taken up by the tumor during a PET scan.
- Whether the tumor has certain gene changes.
- Whether the child is younger than 15 years.
- The patient's sex.
- Whether the child has had treatment for a different cancer before Ewing sarcoma.
- Whether the tumor has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).
After treatment, prognosis is affected by:
- Whether the tumor was completely removed by surgery.
- Whether the tumor responds to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
If the cancer recurs after initial treatment, prognosis depends on:
- Whether the cancer came back more than two years after the initial treatment.
- Where in the body the tumor came back.
- The type of initial treatment given.
Stages of Ewing Sarcoma
The results of diagnostic and staging tests are used to find out if cancer cells have spread.
The process used to find out if cancer has spread from where it began to other parts of the body is called staging. There is no standard staging system for Ewing sarcoma. The results of the tests and procedures done to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma are used to group the tumors into localized or metastatic.
Ewing sarcoma is described based on whether the cancer has spread from the bone or soft tissue in which the cancer began.
Ewing sarcoma is described as either localized or metastatic.
Localized Ewing sarcoma
The cancer is found in the bone or soft tissue in which it began and may have spread to nearby tissue, including nearby lymph nodes.
Metastatic Ewing sarcoma
The cancer has spread from the bone or soft tissue in which it began to other parts of the body. In Ewing tumor of bone, the cancer most often spreads to the lung, other bones, and bone marrow.
There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.
Cancer can spread through tissue, the lymph system, and the blood:
- Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
- Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the lymph vessels to other parts of the body.
- Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the blood vessels to other parts of the body.
Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.
When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called metastasis. Cancer cells break away from where they began (the primary tumor) and travel through the lymph system or blood.
- Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.
- Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.
The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if Ewing sarcoma spreads to the lung, the cancer cells in the lung are actually Ewing sarcoma cells. The disease is metastatic Ewing sarcoma, not lung cancer.metastasis: how cancer spreads
Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma
Recurrent Ewing sarcoma is cancer that has recurred (come back) after it has been treated. The cancer may come back in the tissues where it first started or in another part of the body.
Treatment Option Overview
There are different types of treatment for children with Ewing sarcoma.
Different types of treatments are available for children with Ewing sarcoma. Some treatments are standard (the currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment.
Because cancer in children is rare, taking part in a clinical trial should be considered. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Children with Ewing sarcoma should have their treatment planned by a team of health care providers who are experts in treating cancer in children.
Treatment will be overseen by a pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes in treating children with cancer. The pediatric oncologist works with other health care providers who are experts in treating children with Ewing sarcoma and who specialize in certain areas of medicine. These may include the following specialists:
- Pediatrician.
- Surgical oncologist or orthopedic oncologist.
- Radiation oncologist.
- Pediatric nurse specialist.
- Social worker.
- Rehabilitation specialist.
- Psychologist.
Treatment for Ewing sarcoma may cause side effects.
For information about side effects that begin during treatment for cancer, see our Side Effects page.
Side effects from cancer treatment that begin after treatment and continue for months or years are called late effects. Late effects of cancer treatment may include the following:
- Physical problems.
- Changes in mood, feelings, thinking, learning, or memory.
- Second cancers (new types of cancer). Patients treated for Ewing sarcoma have an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. There is also an increased risk of sarcoma in the area treated with radiation therapy.
Some late effects may be treated or controlled. It is important to talk with your child's doctors about the effects cancer treatment can have on your child. (See the PDQ summary on Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer for more information.)
Five types of standard treatment are used:
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and can reach cancer cells throughout the body (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect cancer cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy). Combination chemotherapy is treatment using more than one anticancer drug.
Systemic chemotherapy is part of the treatment for all patients with Ewing tumors. It is often the first treatment given and lasts for about 6 to 12 months. Chemotherapy is often given to shrink the tumor before surgery or radiation therapy and to kill any tumor cells that may have spread to other parts of the body.
See Drugs Approved for Soft Tissue Sarcoma for more information.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is a cancer treatment that uses high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy:
- External radiation therapy uses a machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer.
- Internal radiation therapy uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer.
External radiation therapy is used to treat Ewing sarcoma.
Radiation therapy is used when the tumor cannot be removed by surgery or when surgery to remove the tumor will affect important body functions or the way the child will look. It may be used to make the tumor smaller and decrease the amount of tissue that needs to be removed during surgery. It may also be used to treat any tumor that remains after surgery and tumors that have spread to other parts of the body.
Surgery is usually done to remove cancer that is left after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. When possible, the whole tumor is removed by surgery. Tissue and bone that are removed may be replaced with a graft, which uses tissue and bone taken from another part of the patient's body or a donor. Sometimes an implant, such as artificial bone, is used.
Even if the doctor removes all of the cancer that can be seen at the time of the operation, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be given after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy given after surgery to lower the risk that the cancer will come back is called adjuvant therapy.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells.
Monoclonal antibody therapy is a type of targeted therapy used in the treatment of recurrent Ewing sarcoma. It is being studied for the treatment of metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Monoclonal antibodies are made in the laboratory from a single type of immune system cell. These antibodies can identify substances on cancer cells or normal substances that may help cancer cells grow. The antibodies attach to the substances and kill the cancer cells, block their growth, or keep them from spreading. Monoclonal antibodies are given by infusion. They may be used alone or to carry drugs, toxins, or radioactive material directly to cancer cells.
New types of targeted therapy are being studied.
- Kinase inhibitor therapy is another type of targeted therapy. Kinase inhibitors are drugs that block a protein needed for cancer cells to divide. They are being studied in the treatment of recurrent Ewing sarcoma.
- PARP inhibitor therapy is another type of targeted therapy. PARP inhibitors are drugs that block DNA repair and may cause cancer cells to die. They are being studied in the treatment of recurrent Ewing sarcoma.
High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue
High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue is a way of giving high doses of chemotherapy to treat Ewing sarcoma and then replacing blood-forming cells destroyed by cancer treatment. Stem cells (immature blood cells) are removed from the blood or bone marrow of the patient and are frozen and stored. After chemotherapy is completed, the stored stem cells are thawed and given back to the patient through an infusion. These reinfused stem cells grow into (and restore) the body's blood cells. Chemotherapy with stem cell rescue is used to treat recurrent Ewing sarcoma.
New types of treatment are being tested in clinical trials.
This summary section describes treatments that are being studied in clinical trials. It may not mention every new treatment being studied. Information about clinical trials is available from the NCI website.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
CAR T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that changes the patient's T cells (a type of immune system cell) so they will attack certain proteins on the surface of cancer cells. T cells are taken from the patient and special receptors are added to their surface in the laboratory. The changed cells are called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. The CAR T cells are grown in the laboratory and given to the patient by infusion. The CAR T cells multiply in the patient's blood and attack cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy is being studied in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma that has recurred.
Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial.
For some patients, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials are part of the cancer research process. Clinical trials are done to find out if new cancer treatments are safe and effective or better than the standard treatment.
Many of today's standard treatments for cancer are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients who take part in a clinical trial may receive the standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.
Patients who take part in clinical trials also help improve the way cancer will be treated in the future. Even when clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help move research forward.
Patients can enter clinical trials before, during, or after starting their cancer treatment.
Some clinical trials only include patients who have not yet received treatment. Other trials test treatments for patients whose cancer has not gotten better. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to stop cancer from recurring (coming back) or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment.
Clinical trials are taking place in many parts of the country. See the Treatment Options section that follows for links to current treatment clinical trials. These have been retrieved from NCI's listing of clinical trials.
Follow-up tests may be needed.
Some of the tests that were done to diagnose the cancer or to find out the stage of the cancer may be repeated. Some tests will be repeated in order to see how well the treatment is working. Decisions about whether to continue, change, or stop treatment may be based on the results of these tests.
Some of the tests will continue to be done from time to time after treatment has ended. The results of these tests can show if your child's condition has changed or if the cancer has recurred (come back). These tests are sometimes called follow-up tests or check-ups.
Treatment Options for Ewing Sarcoma
For information about the treatments listed below, see the Treatment Option Overview section.
Localized Ewing Sarcoma
Standard treatments for localized Ewing sarcoma include:
- Chemotherapy.
- Surgery and/or radiation therapy.
These treatments and the order they are given depend on the following:
- Where in the body the tumor started.
- How large the tumor is when the cancer is diagnosed.
- Whether the tumor was completely removed by surgery.
- The child's age and general health.
- Whether the treatment will affect important body functions or the way the child will look.
Treatments being studied for localized Ewing sarcoma include:
Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.
Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma
Standard treatments for metastatic Ewing sarcoma include:
These treatments and the order they are given depend on the following:
- Where in the body the tumor started.
- Where the tumor has spread.
- How large the tumor is.
- Whether the treatment will affect important body functions or the way the child will look.
- The child's age and general health.
Treatments being studied for metastatic Ewing sarcoma include the following:
- Combination chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy. Radiation therapy is given to areas of bone where cancer has spread.
- High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue.
Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.
Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma
There is no standard treatment for recurrent Ewing sarcoma but treatment options may include the following:
- Combination chemotherapy.
- Radiation therapy to bone tumors, as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life.
- Radiation therapy that may be followed by surgery to remove tumors that have spread to the lungs.
- High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue.
- Targeted therapy with a monoclonal antibody.
These treatments and the order they are given depend on the following:
- Where in the body the tumor came back.
- The initial treatment given.
Treatment options being studied for recurrent Ewing sarcoma include the following:
- Checking a sample of the patient's tumor for certain gene changes. The type of targeted therapy that will be given to the patient depends on the type of gene change.
- Targeted therapy with a monoclonal antibody.
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.
- Targeted therapy with a PARP inhibitor and chemotherapy.
Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients. You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.
To Learn More About Ewing Sarcoma
For more information from the National Cancer Institute about Ewing sarcoma, see the following:
- Bone Cancer Home Page
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scans and Cancer
- Targeted Cancer Therapies
- Bone Cancer
For more childhood cancer information and other general cancer resources, see the following:
- About Cancer
- Childhood Cancers
- CureSearch for Children's Cancer
- Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer
- Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
- Children with Cancer: A Guide for Parents
- Cancer in Children and Adolescents
- Staging
- Coping with Cancer
- Questions to Ask Your Doctor about Cancer
- For Survivors and Caregivers
About This PDQ Summary
About PDQ
Physician Data Query (PDQ) is the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language. Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in Spanish.
PDQ is a service of the NCI. The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). NIH is the federal government's center of biomedical research. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.
Purpose of This Summary
This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about the treatment of childhood Ewing sarcoma. It is meant to inform and help patients, families, and caregivers. It does not give formal guidelines or recommendations for making decisions about health care.
Reviewers and Updates
Editorial Boards write the PDQ cancer information summaries and keep them up to date. These Boards are made up of experts in cancer treatment and other specialties related to cancer. The summaries are reviewed regularly and changes are made when there is new information. The date on each summary ("Date Last Modified") is the date of the most recent change.
The information in this patient summary was taken from the health professional version, which is reviewed regularly and updated as needed, by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board.
Clinical Trial Information
A clinical trial is a study to answer a scientific question, such as whether one treatment is better than another. Trials are based on past studies and what has been learned in the laboratory. Each trial answers certain scientific questions in order to find new and better ways to help cancer patients. During treatment clinical trials, information is collected about the effects of a new treatment and how well it works. If a clinical trial shows that a new treatment is better than one currently being used, the new treatment may become "standard." Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are open only to patients who have not started treatment.
Clinical trials are listed in PDQ and can be found online at NCI's website. Many cancer doctors who take part in clinical trials are also listed in PDQ. For more information, call the Cancer Information Service 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).
Permission to Use This Summary
PDQ is a registered trademark. The content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text. It cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless the whole summary is shown and it is updated regularly. However, a user would be allowed to write a sentence such as "NCI's PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks in the following way: [include excerpt from the summary]."
The best way to cite this PDQ summary is:
PDQ® Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. PDQ Ewing Sarcoma Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Updated <MM/DD/YYYY>. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/bone/patient/ewing-treatment-pdq. Accessed <MM/DD/YYYY>. [PMID: 26389350]
Images in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use in the PDQ summaries only. If you want to use an image from a PDQ summary and you are not using the whole summary, you must get permission from the owner. It cannot be given by the National Cancer Institute. Information about using the images in this summary, along with many other images related to cancer can be found in Visuals Online. Visuals Online is a collection of more than 2,000 scientific images.
The information in these summaries should not be used to make decisions about insurance reimbursement. More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the Managing Cancer Care page.
Contact Us
More information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov website can be found on our Contact Us for Help page. Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the website's E-mail Us.Date last modified: 2017-10-26


text:
Rock goddess Stevie Nicks isn't exactly thrilled about what has happened to the music industry these days and fears that younger artists' careers are going to be impacted as a result.
"The Internet has destroyed rock," the 62-year-old singer told The Daily News. "Children no longer develop social graces. They don't hang out anymore. I'm financially stable. I'm okay. But what about the kids trying to make it in this business? If you're not an established band, if you don't have a hit single, they're gonna drop you. There are a lot of people out there as talented as we were, but they can't sustain being in a rock 'n' roll band for long without success. We were able to, but we're going to die out."
Before it ever comes to that, Nicks still has some music left in her. She revealed that she is currently working on a new album with Eurythmics co-founder Dave Stewart.
U.S. & World
"I've never before written anything with anybody else," she said about working with Stewart. "This is a great opportunity to do something new. I now understand why John Lennon and Paul McCartney worked so well together. You feed so much off each other."
The singer described the upcoming record as "a full-blown rock 'n' roll album with some beautiful ballads. And it's been fantastic and funky working at home."
According to Nicks' official Web site, she will be touring in Verona, N.Y., Atlantic City, and Mashantucket, Conn. for the rest of the month.
Selected Reading: New York Daily News


text:
I'm tired. I'm menstrual. And it's a lousy day outside.
I have no motivation for posting except to say: I LOVE the fact that Kaity's bus stop is at the end of my 25 ft driveway. It makes me happy today.
I am going back to bed.
Friday, September 12, 2008
TMI Moment
I'm tired. I'm menstrual. And it's a lousy day outside.
This Fire Sparked by Cissa Fireheart at 9/12/2008 07:33:00 AM
1 flame(s) added to the fire:
- whall said...
Same here, except for the tired, menstrual and lousy day part.
Oh, and I didn't go back to bed.
But our 6yr old's bus does stop at the end of our driveway.
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Do you need Domestic or Foreign limited liability partnership forms?
State of New Hampshire Revised Statutes OnlineUniform Partnership Act (304-A)
Each year, new laws are passed which amend current sections in the New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated (RSAs), insert new sections, reenact sections or repeal sections. The printed and online versions of the RSAs do not immediately reflect these changes. The List of Sections Affected (LSA; found here) identifies all changes made to the statutes during specific legislative sessions. Please refer to the LSA's to determine if any changes have been made to the specific RSA you are viewing.
The New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated found at NH.gov, while believed to be accurate, are provided for informational purposes only. For the official version of any statute, please consult the bound volumes and supplements of the New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated, published by West Publishing, a Thomson business. These volumes can usually be found at your local library.


text:
Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of McDonald Investments Inc., an investment banking and securities firm and a part of KeyBanc Capital Markets. Prior to his retirement, Mr. Summers served as Chairman of McDonald Investments Inc. from 2000 to 2006, and as its Chief Executive Officer from 1994 to 2000. From 1998 until 2000, Mr. Summers served as the Chairman of Key Capital Partners and an Executive Vice President of KeyCorp. Mr. Summers is a director of Integer Holdings Corporation (formerly Greatbatch, Inc.), and a member of the advisory board of Molded Fiber Glass Companies. From 2004 until May 2011, Mr. Summers was a director of Developers Diversified Realty Corporation. Mr. Summers was previously a member of the NASDAQ Stock Market board of directors, and served as its chairman for two years. Mr. Summers is a trustee of Baldwin Wallace University, and serves on the boards of the Cleveland Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, the U.S Army War College Foundation, and the Cleveland Convention and Visitors Bureau.
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text:
Notice: On April 23, 2014, Statalist moved from an email list to a forum, based at statalist.org.
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Re: Re: st: What is the effect of centering on marginal effects?
Ulrich Kohler <email@example.com>
Re: Re: st: What is the effect of centering on marginal effects?
Thu, 02 Aug 2012 16:43:06 +0200
I totally aggree with Richard but I would add that all this just doesn't
matter if you show your results graphically:
. sysuse auto
. reg mpg i.foreign##c.weight##c.length
. margins foreign, at(weight=(1760(400)4860) length=(170 192.5 204))
. marginsplot, by(foreign)
-marginsplot- rocks!
Am Donnerstag, den 02.08.2012, 10:29 -0500 schrieb Richard Williams:
> At 08:41 AM 8/2/2012, Alessandro Freire wrote:
> >Dear all,
> >
> >Indeed, centering variables will inevitably result in different
> >coefficients and standard errors compared to an uncentered model. Even
> >though, this is due to the fact that these coefficients correspond to
> >different quantities of interest in each model.
> >
> >That is, a centered model is no more "accurate" than an uncentered
> >model. If we estimated the marginal effect of a one unit change in X
> >at a given value of Z from the estimates of both centered and
> >uncentered models, we would obtain the same results. One should not
> >confuse coefficients with effects ( see Kam & Franzese, "Modeling and
> >Interpreting Interactive Hypotheses in Regression Analysis: A
> >Refresher and Some Practical Advice" 2005).
> >
> >Thus, centering variables brings no meaningful changes whatsoever,
> >since it adds no new information to the estimation of parameters.
> >Centering was a common procedure during the 1980s due to computational
> >imprecision issues, but it makes little sense, if any, nowadays.
> >
> >Alessandro
> I agree that you rarely if ever need to center because of
> computational issues. But, I think centering can be an aid to
> interpretation. Lets take a real simple model:
> reg y x
> In this model, the intercept is the predicted value for a person with
> a score of 0 on x. If, say, x ranges from 400 to 1200, then such a
> person or even somebody close to that person cannot exist.
> Suppose instead you do
> reg y xcentered
> Now, the intercept represents the predicted value of a person with
> average values on x. That person or somebody close to that person
> probably does exist, so the intercept has a little more intuitive
> value in that case.
> As the model gets more complicated -- you add dummy variables,
> interaction terms, etc -- the value of centering as an aid to
> interpretation can go up.
> Part of the reason I bring this up -- I've seen students look at models like
> reg y female x
> reg y female x female*x
> The coefficient for female changes sign or becomes insignificant when
> you add the interaction, and they start making up some weird story
> about how the effect of female changes when you control for the
> interaction of female*x. Centering helps to avoid such weird stories;
> and even if you don't use it it is helpful to see how the main
> effects of something like female are dependent on the coding of x.
> I discuss these issues more in this handout:
> http://www.nd.edu/~rwilliam/stats2/l53.pdf
> -------------------------------------------
> Richard Williams, Notre Dame Dept of Sociology
> EMAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com
> WWW: http://www.nd.edu/~rwilliam
> *
> * For searches and help try:
> * http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
> * http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
> * http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/
* For searches and help try:
* http://www.stata.com/help.cgi?search
* http://www.stata.com/support/statalist/faq
* http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/stata/


text:
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