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!! History Commons Alert, Exciting News
This is a scalable context timeline. It contains events related to the event December 2005: Exxon-Funded Organization Publishes Book on Climate Change. You can narrow or broaden the context of this timeline by adjusting the zoom level. The lower the scale, the more relevant the items on average will be, while the higher the scale, the less relevant the items, on average, will be.
ExxonMobil disperses roughly $16 million to organizations that are challenging the scientific consensus view that greenhouse gases are causing global warming. For many of the organizations, ExxonMobil is their single largest corporate donor, often providing more than 10 percent of their annual budgets. A study by the Union of Concerned Scientists will find that "[v]irtually all of them publish and publicize the work of a nearly identical group of spokespeople, including scientists who misrepresent peer-reviewed climate findings and confuse the public's understanding of global warming. Most of these organizations also include these same individuals as board members or scientific advisers." After the Bush administration withdraws from the Kyoto Protocol (see March 27, 2001), the oil company steps up its support for these organizations. Some of the ExxonMobil-funded groups tell the New York Times that the increase is a response to the rising level of public interest in the issue. "Firefighters' budgets go up when fires go up," explains Fred L. Smith, head of the Competitive Enterprise Institute. Explaining ExxonMobil's support for these organizations, company spokesman Tom Cirigliano says: "We want to support organizations that are trying to broaden the debate on an issue that is so important to all of us. There is this whole issue that no one should question the science of global climate change. That is ludicrous. That's the kind of dark-ages thinking that gets you in a lot of trouble." [New York Times, 5/28/2003; Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 10-11 ] The following is a list of some of the organizations funded by ExxonMobil: American Enterprise Institute (AEI) - AEI receives $1,625,000 from ExxonMobil between and 1998 and 2005. During this period, it plays host to a number of climate contrarians. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 31 ] American Legislative Exchange Council - In 2005, ExxonMobil grants $241,500 to this organization. Its website features a non-peer-reviewed paper by climate contrarian Patrick Michaels. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 12, 31 ] Center for Science and Public Policy - Started at the beginning of 2003, this one-man operation receives $232,000 from ExxonMobil. The organization helps bring scientists to Capitol Hill to testify on global warming and the health effects of mercury. [New York Times, 5/28/2003] Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow - Between 2004 and 2005, this organization receives $215,000 from ExxonMobil. Its advisory panel includes Sallie Baliunas, Robert Balling, Roger Bate, Sherwood Idso, Patrick Michaels, and Frederick Seitz, all of whom are affiliated with other ExxonMobil-funded organizations. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 12 ] Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) - Founded in 1984 to fight government regulation on business, CEI started receiving large grants from ExxonMobil after
Myron Ebell moved there from Frontiers of Freedom in 1999. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 12 ] CEI, along with another ExxonMobil-supported enterprise, the Cooler Heads Coalition, runs the website GlobalWarming.Org, which is part of an effort to "dispel the myths of global warming by exposing flawed economic, scientific, and risk analysis." Between 2000 and 2003, the CEI receives $1,380,000, or 16 percent of the total funds donated by Exxon during that period. [Mother Jones, 5/2005; Mother Jones, 5/2005] Frontiers of Freedom - The organization receives $230,000 from Exxon in 2002 and $40,000 in 2001. It has an annual budge of about $700,000. [New York Times, 5/28/2003] George C. Marshall Institute - The institute is known primarily for its work advocating a "Star Wars" missile defense program. Between 1998 and 2005, Exxon-Mobil grants $630,000 to the Marshall Institute primarily to underwrite the institute's climate change effort. William O'Keefe, the organization's CEO, once worked as the executive vice president and chief operating officer of the American Petroleum Institute. He has also served on the board of directors of the Competitive Enterprise Institute, another global warming skeptic organization, and is chairman emeritus of the Global Climate Coalition. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 12 ] Heartland Institute - In 2005, this organization receives $119,000 from ExxonMobil. Its website offers articles by the same scientists promoted by other ExxonMobil-funded global warming skeptic organizations. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 12 ] Tech Central Station - TCS is a web-based organization that provides news, commentary, and analysis focusing on the societal tensions and strains that are concomitant with historical change. TCS proclaims itself as a strong believer of the "material power of free markets, open societies, and individual human ingenuity to raise living standards and improve lives." Until 2006, the website is operated by a public relations firm called the DCI Group, which is a registered ExxonMobil lobbying firm. In 2003 TCS receives $95,000 from ExxonMobil to be used for "climate change support." TCS contributors on the global warming issue include the same group of people that is promoted by several of the other ExxonMobil-funded global warming skeptic organizations. [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 13 ] In 2006, TCS will pay the public relations firm Medialink Worldwide to produce a video news release that challenges the view that global warming has increased the intensity of hurricanes. The piece is later shown on a Mississippi television station and presented as a regular news report (see June 2006).
Entity Tags: Tech Central Station, Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, American Legislative Exchange Council, Heartland Institute, American Enterprise Institute, Frontiers of Freedom, Competitive Enterprise Institute, George C. Marshall Institute, Center for Science and Public Policy, Fred L. Smith, ExxonMobil
Timeline Tags: Global Warming
EPA administrator Christie Todd Whitman tells reporters that the Bush administration has "no interest in implementing" the Kyoto Protocol. [BBC, 3/28/2001; Associated Press, 3/28/2001; Environmental News Network, 3/28/2001; CBS News, 3/28/2001; CNN, 3/29/2001] The treaty would require 39 industrialized nations to cut emissions of six greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride—to an average of 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012. The US would be required to reduce its emissions by about 7 percent. The protocol will not go into effect until it has been ratified by countries that were responsible for at least 55 percent of the world's carbon emissions in 1990. [BBC, 3/29/2001; BBC, 9/29/2001] The United States is the world's largest polluter and therefore its refusal to support the treaty represents a significant setback. In 1990, the US was responsible for 36.1 percent of greenhouse emissions. [BBC, 6/4/2004] The Bush administration complains that the treaty would harm US economic interests and that it unfairly puts too much of the burden on industrialized nations while not seeking to limit pollution from developing nations. [BBC, 3/29/2001]
Entity Tags: Bush administration (43), Christine Todd Whitman
Timeline Tags: US Environmental Record, US International Relations, Global Warming
A review article by scientists Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas on global warming is published in the peer-reviewed journal Climate Research. In their article, the two astrophysicists review the work of several scientists and argue that the twentieth century was not the warmest century during the last 1,000
years. [Soon and Baliunas, 2003] Their article is promoted widely by organizations and individuals funded by ExxonMobil (see Between 1998 and 2005) [Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 14 ] as well as by Senator James Inhofe (R-OK) who says the paper is proof that natural variability, not human activity, is the "overwhelming factor" influencing climate change. [US Congress, 7/28/2003] But after the paper is published, three of journal's editors—including incoming editor-in-chief Hans von Storch—quit in protest. Storch, explaining his resignation, calls the paper "flawed" because "the conclusions are not supported by the evidence presented in the paper." He adds that he suspects "some of the skeptics had identified Climate Research as a journal where some editors were not as rigorous in the review process as is otherwise common." [Chronicle of Higher Education, 9/5/2003] Additionally, 13 of the scientists cited in the paper publish a rebuttal saying that Soon and Baliunas seriously misinterpreted their research in the paper. [Ammann et al., 2003 ; American Geophysical Union, 7/7/2003]
Entity Tags: Hans von Storch, Sallie Baliunas, James M. Inhofe, Willie Soon
An investigation by Mother Jones magazine identifies 44 organizations funded by ExxonMobil that are involved in, or associated with, efforts to discredit the scientific consensus view on global warming. Many of these organizations have been on the oil giant's payroll since 1998 (see Between 1998 and 2005). The magazine's investigation finds that the oil company has contributed a total of $8,678,450 to these organizations since 2000 with the single largest donation being given to the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI). That organization received $1,380,000, or 16 percent of the total funds donated by Exxon. CEI, along with another Exxon-support enterprise, the Cooler Heads Coalition, runs the website GlobalWarming.Org, which is part of an effort to "dispel the myths of global warming by exposing flawed economic, scientific, and risk analysis." Another large recipient of Exxon's funds is the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), which has received $960,000 from the company. AEI, known for its neoconservatism, has played host to a number of global warming skeptics. [Mother Jones, 5/2005; Mother Jones, 5/2005]
Entity Tags: ExxonMobil, Competitive Enterprise Institute, Mother Jones
The George C. Marshall Institute publishes a book titled, Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming. In its press release announcing the book, the institute says the book "demonstrates the remarkable disparities between so-called 'consensus documents' on global warming… and climate reality." The book, edited by longtime climate contrarian Patrick Michaels, a meteorologist, features essays contributed by Sallie Baliunas, Robert Balling, Randall S. Cerveny, John Christy, Robert E. Davis, Oliver W. Frauenfeld, Ross McKitrick, Eric S. Posmentier, and Willie Soon. Michaels is affiliated with at least ten organizations that have been funded by ExxonMobil and the Marshall Institute has received some $630,000 from ExxonMobil in support of its climate change program (see Between 1998 and 2005). [George C. Marshall Institute, 12/14/2005; Union of Concerned Scientists, 2007, pp. 12 ]
Entity Tags: John Christy, Willie Soon, George C. Marshall Institute, Ross McKitrick, Sallie Baliunas, Robert Balling, Oliver W. Frauenfeld, Robert E. Davis, Randall S. Cerveny, Patrick Michaels, Eric S. Posmentier
The broadcast public relations firm Medialink Worldwide produces a video news release (VNR) titled, "Global Warming and Hurricanes: All Hot Air?" Medialink was hired to make the VNR by Tech Central Station, a project of the Republican lobbying and PR firm DCI Group. ExxonMobil, a client of the DCI group, gave Tech Central Science Foundation $95,000 in 2003 and specified that those funds be used for "climate change support." The VNR features meteorologists Dr. William Gray and Dr. James J. O'Brien who deny there's a link between global warming and hurricane intensity. Gray has said in the past that global warming is a "hoax," while O'Brien is listed as an expert at the George C. Marshall Institute, which in 2004 received $170,000 from ExxonMobil. The VNR is aired by WTOK-11 in Meridian, Mississippi on May 31, 2006. The segment is re-voiced by the station anchor, Tom Daniels, who introduces the piece by saying, "Hurricane seasons for the next 20 years could be severe. But don't blame global warming." He does not disclose that the report was produced by a PR firm that was paid by an organization funded by ExxonMobil. [Center for Media and Democracy, 11/14/2006; Democracy Now!, 11/14/2006; San Francisco Chronicle, 11/15/2006]
Entity Tags: ExxonMobil, Medialink Worldwide, Tech Central Station, James J. O'Brien, William Gray, WTOK-11, DCI Group, Tom Daniels
The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) sends letters to scientists and economists offering to pay them $10,000 each for 500- to 10,000- word essays that provide a "policy critique" of the next report from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), due early next year (see February 2, 2007). The institute, which has received more than $1.6 million in contributions from ExxonMobil (see Between 1998 and 2005), also offers additional payments and travel expense reimbursement. The letters, written by Kenneth Green and Steven Hayward, accuse the UN panel of being "resistant to reasonable criticism and dissent and prone to summary conclusions that are poorly supported by the analytical work." It asks for articles that "thoughtfully explore the limitations of climate model outputs." The letters set a December 15 deadline for the papers, but responses from recipient scientists prompt AEI to cancel the project. The institute had hoped to time the release of the scientists' essays to coincide with that of the IPCC report. David Viner of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia describes the AIE effort as a "desperate attempt by an organization who wants to distort science for their own political aims." Similarly, Ben Stewart of Greenpeace remarks: "The AEI is more than just a thinktank, it functions as the Bush administration's intellectual Cosa Nostra. They are White House surrogates in the last throes of their campaign of climate change denial. They lost on the science; they lost on the moral case for action. All they've got left is a suitcase full of cash." Green defends AIE's campaign against the report, saying, "Right now, the whole debate is polarized. One group says that anyone with any doubts whatsoever are deniers and the other group is saying that anyone who wants to take action is alarmist. We don't think that approach has a lot of utility for intelligent policy." [Guardian, 2/2/2007; Reuters, 2/4/2007]
Entity Tags: Ben Stewart, American Enterprise Institute, David Viner, Kenneth Green, Steven F. Hayward
Timeline Tags: US Environmental Record, Global Warming
Jeremy Grantham, chairman of a Boston-based fund management company, in his quarterly letter to clients includes a commentary on the United States' policy toward climate change, particularly that of the current administration. One of Grantham's clients happens to be Vice President Dick Cheney. In his piece, titled "While America Slept, 1982-2006: A Rant on Oil Dependency, Global Warming, and a Love of Feel-Good Data," Grantham writes, "Successive US administrations have taken little interest in either oil substitution or climate change and the current one has even seemed to have a vested interest in the idea that the science of climate change is uncertain." Grantham embraces the conclusions of the latest IPCC report (see February 2, 2007), saying, "There is now nearly universal scientific agreement that fossil fuel use is causing a rise in global temperatures. The US is the only country in which environmental data is steadily attacked in a well-funded campaign of disinformation (funded mainly by one large oil company)" (see Between 1998 and 2005). If anyone is still sitting on the fence, he suggests considering Pascal's Paradox—in other words, comparing the consequences of action vs. inaction if the IPCC's conclusions are correct. Grantham, whose company manages $127 billion in assets, disputes the notion that going green would harm the US economy, noting that industrialized countries with better fuel efficiency have on average seen better economic growth than the US over the last 50 years. Instead of implementing a policy that would have increased fuel efficiency, the country's "auto fleet fuel efficiency went backwards over 26 years by ingeniously offsetting substantial technological advances with equally substantial increases in weight," he notes. "In contrast, the average Western European and Japanese cars increased efficiency by almost 50 percent." He also writes that the US might have eliminated its oil dependency on the Middle East years ago had it simply implemented a "reasonable set of increased efficiencies." If there were just 10 percent less cars on the road than there are today, and each one drove 10 percent fewer miles using vehicles that were 50 percent more efficient, US demand for oil would be 28 percent lower, he explains. If similar efficiency had been attained in other modes of transportation, the US would have been able to reduce its reliance on foreign oil by 38 percent completely eliminating its reliance on oil from Middle East, which currently accounts for only 28 percent of US oil imports. He also notes in his letter, which apparently was leaked to President Bush before publication, "Needless to say, our whole attitude and behavior in the Middle East would have been far different, and far less painful and costly. (Oil was clearly not the only issue, or perhaps even the biggest one in Iraq, but it is unlikely that US troops would have fought two wars had it been a non-oil country in, say, Africa or the Far East that was equally badly behaved.)" [Street, 2/5/2007; Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo, 2/5/2007]
Entity Tags: Jeremy Grantham, George W. Bush
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text:
I've been off for a long while. The passion I'd worked under no longer drove me. I have had a great deal of trouble finding it again after the bone marrow transplant. But, it is slowly returning. I'm certainly not working as I once did, but that's ok. I will get there.
One thing I have had is lots of time to think as I try to recover and worry over what I thought was a lost passion. I realized I had been needing to define what that passion was. Often, in the community, the argument is made about who is or is not a genealogist. I find the argument time wasting, divisive and quite frankly, a little elitist. One thing was clear to me, though. I wanted to find and record my family history. That was my goal in the very beginning so many years ago.
That is finally settled, at least in my heart. I am a family historian. Now, I may under the title of "family historian" refer to myself as a genealogist. Merriam-Webster Online states that a genealogist is "a person who traces or studies the descent of persons or families". On the other hand, I may refer to myself as the family historian. Again, Merriam-Webster Online states that a historian is "1. a student or writer of history; especially : one who produces a scholarly synthesis"; 2. "a writer or compiler of a chronicle". Family is pretty self-explanatory, so I will let you define that one as you see it. I'll just say I'm a genealogist when I am looking for documents, dates, places and names, and call myself a family historian when I am fleshing out the people and the era . I feel the love and passion coming back.
I feel so much better now that has been solved. Now, on to the next problem. I hope it works out this well.
Merriam-Webster Online
Definition of: genealogist, historian

subset: commoncrawl


text: I just got an e-mail from the folks at Sycamore Shoals State Historic Area in Elizabethton, TN, informing me that they're hosting an eighteenth-century Christmas this weekend. It'll be at the Carter Mansion (one of the oldest houses in the state) at 1031 Broad St. on Friday and Saturday from 6:00 to 9:00 P.M., with music, hot cider, and costumed interpreters. So if you're in East Tennessee and you want to kick off the holiday season in Revolutionary-era style, check it out.


text:
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Taking the Puppy out for a walk
Microsoft, Puppy and the UDF Format
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Joined: 14 Oct 2005
Posts: 6730
Location: Earth
Posted: Wed 05 Sep 2012, 14:10
Post subject: UDF can happen, but ...
Smithy wrote:
So would it be easy enough to put the UDF code in Zigberts PBurn, either automatically mounting when a UDF disk is inserted or possibly a Load UDF Button? Would be a neat little feature.
Maybe a little premature until a few more UDFs are reported in..
As regards writing to UDF, I'm not sure if any Puppyists want to go through the potential of cd/dvd disks occassionally losing their data, but I would bet UDF writing would be pretty solid in Linux, 'cos it seems really good at those sort of things.
And it usually only happens(ed) when you forget to dismount the thing and it used to freak out. Think write behind caching could catch one out sometimes.
ALL PUPs use "delayed write" for all I/Os (as far as I know) But, at shutdown, the system is suppose to "sync" all I/O cache before execution..
In mounting a Live CD/DVD for active writing, I am not sure how LInux handles that type media when it is mounted and open in write mode. The ideas posted for data loss seemingly ONLY AFFECTs device media opened in wirte mode. In read mode, I fail to see how a "bug" exist to cause data loss on any media, albeit Live media, so that which has been promoted about UDF seems to not be consistent with system operations.
In write mode, any media is exposed to something going wrong so, again, I am not sure whether UDF poses any more risk than any other device.
The biggest question is to determine in Puppy where the founders-developers believe the best place to provide what we get in Apple and Microsoft in the way of UDF.
Further, as mentioned, Puppy does have some PETs which might provide, at least, as a stop-gap, the means to mount and read UDF media. But, again, it depends on whether the developer find time and provides effort for making read ability available for the community to test.
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Last edited by gcmartin on Wed 05 Sep 2012, 18:06; edited 1 time in total
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Joined: 12 Dec 2011
Posts: 1152
Posted: Wed 05 Sep 2012, 17:52
Post subject:
Oh yeah, I wasn't thinking straight when I wrote that, the best place to mount would obviously be just to click on the DVD/CD icon on the desktop.
Is there a PET knocking around somewhere? That would be great.
Otherwise I will just keep that code handy to put in the console when needed.
Never had a bad burn from PBurn or Barry K burn to disc.
It even tells you where the disk came from and what properties it has.
I think it helps that everything is totally in ram, love that about puppy.
I think the writing problems in windows, were because there is so much stuff kicking off, like:
"there is a new version of blah blah available, sorry to wreck your disk, and putting clicks on your audio whilst you were recording the other day, try reverting back to previous version or reformat. have a nice day! Love from Adobe, Microsoft etc".
I am slowly changing to writing to multisession disk these days, as everybody thinks that is more reliable.
But like you said previously, if someone comes round with a UDF it would be good now that we know how to mount it!
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Official Dog Handler
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 13637
Location: Arizona USA
Posted: Wed 05 Sep 2012, 20:00
Post subject:
Smithy wrote:
... I am slowly changing to writing to multisession disk these days, as everybody thinks that is more reliable...
Please explain. More reliable than what? UDF is a filesystem. As far as I know it is not considered to be more reliable than any other filesystem that might be used when recording onto a DVD. Do you mean you're running Puppy from a multisession DVD, or that you're just saving things on a multisession DVD?
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Joined: 12 Dec 2011
Posts: 1152
Posted: Thu 06 Sep 2012, 02:30
Post subject:
I mean that I will be writing to a multisession disk and appending data as and when, rather than writing to a UDF disk, which treats a disk as if it was a big floppy or hard drive.
I used to put a UDF disk in, wait for it to mount, then copied something
from the hard drive, then pasted to the UDF disk.
Dismounted the DVD, then another day or week, put the disk in and copied something else and pasted it to the disk.
I think UDF supported up to 8 nested layers so you can create folders within folders on the disk.
So, different principles between multisession disk and udf format disk.
One (udf) acts like a big floppy or hard drive, and the other (multisession) links previous data with fresh data so you can see your old sessions.
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Joined: 14 Oct 2005
Posts: 6730
Location: Earth
Posted: Wed 12 Sep 2012, 15:25
Post subject: We do need UDF .... really shouldn't have to ask for this.
I still believe that PUPs should have the built-in ability to, at its very least, read a UDF DVD/CD that is placed in its reader.
I think the only reason it is currently missing is that it is a development oversight in the base of PUPs.
Hopefully, those that develop will have the right focus to understand how this can be added to the base for system builds.
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Puppy Master
Joined: 09 May 2005
Posts: 9396
Location: Perth, Western Australia
Posted: Mon 28 Jan 2013, 10:29
Post subject:
See my blog post:
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Joined: 12 Dec 2011
Posts: 1152
Posted: Fri 01 Feb 2013, 16:01
Post subject:
Quote by the Puppy Master:
"One thing that I haven't looked into is how udf can be used with multi-session pup -- maybe someone has ideas about that?"
Not sure that this is correct, but from my experience, why would one need multisession to be used with udf format?
If a dvd or cd is formatted as UDF, then the whole of the disk (apart from the filesystem) is available as copy and paste pasture, i.e to drag and drop files from your hard drive to the dvd/dvdr/blueray/cdr/cdrw disc.
Multisession would be dragging up the old data and writing a bridge, between old and new data so they can be read and written to?
Might have got the wrong end of the stick here, what is multisession pup?
Is it problems with file formats coexisting in Puppy?
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Joined: 21 Sep 2010
Posts: 1751
Location: Drøbak, Norway
Posted: Fri 01 Feb 2013, 21:43
Post subject:
If Ted Dog reads this, it would be interesting to see all the UDF boot code pasted into Barry's blog, I think line wrapping was off in the attached example.
: Sorry Ted Dog, I thought it was just a screenshot, not an active window.
Stupid question: If a live puppy is burnt to the first 'partition' on a multisession DVD-RW, can the rest of the disc be converted to UDF format, or must the whole disc be the same format to be recognized?
True freedom is a live Puppy on a multisession CD/DVD.
Last edited by tallboy on Sat 02 Feb 2013, 03:24; edited 2 times in total
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Joined: 11 Oct 2008
Posts: 8783
Location: qld
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 01:06
Post subject:
What about UDF on a usb key?
Anyone game to try it? Even on a USB hdd, or SD card, CF card.. whatever..
HowTo <--
Discussion <--
Under MS <--
Manpage <--
UDFtools source <--
(doesn't fully compile, even with ubuntu patch, but you do get mkudffs and udffsck).
Patch <--
Binaries for slacko (need to put in executable path, unstripped) <-- ATTACHED
410 Time(s)
Puppy Linux Blog
- contact me for access
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Joined: 14 Oct 2005
Posts: 6730
Location: Earth
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 07:17
Post subject:
Smithy wrote:
... what is multisession pup?
Is it problems with file formats coexisting in Puppy?
Your questions in reverse:
There are several methods of using a CD/DVD in writers. One of them is the method that PUPs have always used. And the other, UDF, is a procedure for writing where the OS can "freely" add to the disc as long as there's room.
In PUPs, the tools that are used will take an ISO and when creating a CD/DVD will allow the user to specify whether he wants to disc to be finalized where after creation NOTHING can be added to it, OR if the user wants the disc to be in a "open state" where the system can open a subsequent area write to in when needed in the future (this is known as multi-session).
There is a very good site written by a Microsoft MCE, whose name escapes me now, which covers in an easy to read fashion disc layouts and methods of putting information onto CD/DVDs for subsequent system use.
I'll have to find my notes on the site.
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Official Dog Handler
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 13637
Location: Arizona USA
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 09:18
Post subject:
It's my understanding that multisession is somewhat separate from the filesystem used for the data on the disk. When the drive begins to read a disk, the drive itself comes into the picture, between the disk and the operating system. Whether the disk was burned as a multisession was added when the drive finished burning the previous session. The drive looks for that information on its own when it begins to read the disk. I think this is baked into the design of the drive, and into the CD and DVD specification. Possibly it is entirely in the drive's firmware. If I haven't muddled that explanation too badly, it should be obvious that a drive won't even try to add a new session to a disk that was closed, or finalized or whatever the proper term is. The drive sees that the disk is closed, so its firmware won't let it add more. I could be wrong.
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Joined: 12 Dec 2011
Posts: 1152
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 15:23
Post subject:
Thanks for the explanations guys, most of it I understand, I've been finalising discs for a long time in the udf format .
(not always successfully though in windows, but as I said a while back, I think Linux is more suited for that kind of thing as an operating system, because it doesn't do frills and glamour, it does accuracy, just my observations in using pburn and burn to disk within puppy).
01 micko, I would be game to do udf on a stick or card, but the ones I have are currently in use with puppy on a stick (writing from it now) and a puppy sd card for my lappy. Both are spot on after much tweaking and I would be reticent to lose the mastered setup.
I think I get what you are thinking of though.
If it was formated in UDF then the rest of the stick would be available to puppy instead of data having to reside within a save file?
So you could just throw files wherever you wanted on the stick...
Could be wrong about this tho', very wrong
Last edited by Smithy on Sun 03 Feb 2013, 06:58; edited 1 time in total
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Joined: 03 Apr 2007
Posts: 3425
Location: Oregon
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 17:59
Post subject:
I remember using a UDF format DVD+ media and I had the option besides adding data to it to also deleting files.
If I remember correctly, the old TOC is somehow overwritten or a new TOC that has all changes is written and it is used.
Naturally, the addition of a new TOC each time takes up rel-estate on the media along with additions.
Also, files that are deleted are still on the media and only the listing of them is removed in a new TOC.
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Official Dog Handler
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 13637
Location: Arizona USA
Posted: Sat 02 Feb 2013, 21:02
Post subject:
8-bit wrote:
... files that are deleted are still on the media and only the listing of them is removed in a new TOC.
In my opinion this is why multisession Puppy as she is currently spoken could be superior to UDF Puppy, at least on write-only optical disks. The deletion of a file from multisession Puppy is done from within Puppy and the result is shown by Puppy's amazing combinatorial filesystem. The session which contains deleted information is still on the disk and is easily accessible from within Puppy by simply mounting the disk. I haven't had a chance to try it out, but I suspect that even though the original information is still on the disk, accessing it after it has been deleted from a DVD-R with a UDF filesystem may be much more difficult than it is in today's Puppy.
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Joined: 14 Oct 2005
Posts: 6730
Location: Earth
Posted: Mon 04 Feb 2013, 12:44
Post subject:
What @8-bit shares is accurate.
And what @Flash shares, also is accurate.
But, there is a major difference in both understanding and operation of these 2 very different approaches to disc data usage and management.. Multi-session disc technology can be used whether the disc was created using either, per se. In Puppy's case, it uses the Multi-session approach to allow "stacking" of its save-sessions primarily used at Shutdown and again employed at boot. Further, by using save-session, it allows a mechanism to be selective about which of the save-sessions to deploy at system boot.
In UDF, its key significance is how it manages the data on the CD/DVD so that it has familiar operation with what users have come to think of in their use of HDD/USB/SMB/DFS storage. That is the ability to freely read and write with the disc maintaining the integrity of data management is a similar fashion.
And, as far as UDF goes on CD/DVD technology, there is tremendous benefit to management at the TOC level.
This is and what I share
never was an appeal for changing anything to do with Puppy's save-session
. It, solely, approached the ability to create a disc that can be used to freely read and write on one system and employed similarly on a Puppy Linux system.
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The post IT 'Face Your Fears' featurette appeared first on MoviePulp.
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text: National Garden Clubs, Inc. Privacy Policy National Garden Clubs, Inc. is committed to protecting the privacy and security of our online visitors. When you visit the National Garden Clubs' website, www.gardenclub.org. (the Website), we may collect information about you and your visit to operate and improve the NGC website, fulfill your requests for products and services, and respond to your requests.. Please review our Privacy Policy to understand how NGC collects, uses and safeguards any personal information you provide. By using our website, you consent to the collection and use of information as described in our current policy. Information You Provide To Us National Garden Clubs, Inc. respects and safeguards the privacy of its online visitors. NGC will never sell, trade or rent your personal information to other individuals or companies. When you visit the Website, our servers automatically log certain technical information, such as the date and time of your visit, the name of the website you are navigating from and the type of browser you are using. We also collect information about how visitors used our website. This information does not identify you personally unless you make a purchase or other opportunity through the Website. When you make a purchase from NGC, we collect certain information, such as your name, billing address, and email address, and other information about your purchase. We also collect credit card numbers, which are processed at NGC Member Services, 4401 Magnolia Ave, St. Louis, MO., not a third-party. How We Use and Share that Information We use information about you and your visit to operate and improve the NGC website, fulfill your request for products and services, and respond to your inquiries. We will not share your personal information with third parties unless you have given us permission or it is necessary to fulfill your requests for products or services, protect rights, property, or safety of NGC or others, or as required by law. Cookies In an effort to continually improve your online experience, National Garden Clubs, Inc. may utilize "cookies," which enable us to know what areas of our website are your favorites, which may need improving and what technologies and Internet services our visitors are using. The non-personally identifiable information we track with cookies is anonymous and is not used to identify any particular visitor to our website. Visitors to our website have the option of disabling cookies via their browser preferences. Special Information about Postings and Photos If you are a member of an NGC club, you may have the opportunity to post photographs and articles that may contain personal information. By submitting this information and photographs, you give us permission to publish this information on the Website. Please remember that by posting information or photographs on the public portion of the Website that you are making this information available to the general public. We Protect Children's Privacy National Garden Clubs, Inc. will not knowingly collect or solicit personally identifiable information from or about children under 13 years of age except as permitted by law. Links to Other Sites National Garden Clubs, Inc. offers helpful links to independently owned, controlled and/or managed websites whose content we believe will be of possible interest and value to website visitors. In many cases, these links represent cooperative projects or mutual links established with other organizations connected with these sites. We do not control the content of these links. These other sites may send you their own cookies, collect data, or solicit personal information. While we identify sponsor and advertiser areas of our website, we do not control these cookies or the content of these third parties. Changes to Policy Our privacy policy may be updated routinely to address new issues and to reflect changes on our website. Contact Us If you have any questions about this privacy policy, contact: National Garden Clubs, Inc. 4401 Magnolia Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110 314.776.7574 www.gardenclub.org


text:
Pizza Margherita in 4 easy steps
Even a novice cook can master the art of pizza with our simple step-by-step guide. Bellissimo
Nutrition and extra info
- uncooked pizzas
- Easily doubled / halved
- Vegetarian
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal431
- fat15g
- saturates7g
- carbs59g
- sugars2g
- fibre3g
- protein19g
- salt1.87g
For the base
- 300g strong bread flour
- 1 tsp instant yeast (from a sachet or a tub)
Yeast is a living, single-cell organism. As the yeast grows, it converts its food (in the form…
- 1 tsp salt
- 1 tbsp olive oil, plus extra for drizzling
Olive oilol-iv oyl
Probably the most widely-used oil in cooking, olive oil is pressed from fresh olives. It's…
For the tomato sauce
- 100ml passata
- handful fresh basil or 1 tsp dried
Most closely associated with Mediterranean cooking but also very prevalent in Asian food, the…
- 1 garlic clove, crushed
For the topping
- 125g ball mozzarella, sliced
- handful grated or shaved parmesan (or vegetarian alternative)
Parmesan is a straw-coloured hard cheese with a natural yellow rind and rich, fruity flavour. It…
- handful cherry tomatoes, halved
To finish
Make the base: Put the flour into a large bowl, then stir in the yeast and salt. Make a well, pour in 200ml warm water and the olive oil and bring together with a wooden spoon until you have a soft, fairly wet dough. Turn onto a lightly floured surface and knead for 5 mins until smooth. Cover with a tea towel and set aside. You can leave the dough to rise if you like, but it's not essential for a thin crust.
Make the sauce: Mix the passata, basil and crushed garlic together, then season to taste. Leave to stand at room temperature while you get on with shaping the base.
Roll out the dough: If you've let the dough rise, give it a quick knead, then split into two balls. On a floured surface, roll out the dough into large rounds, about 25cm across, using a rolling pin. The dough needs to be very thin as it will rise in the oven. Lift the rounds onto two floured baking sheets.
Top and bake: Heat oven to 240C/fan 220C /gas 8. Put another baking sheet or an upturned baking tray in the oven on the top shelf. Smooth sauce over bases with the back of a spoon. Scatter with cheese and tomatoes, drizzle with olive oil and season. Put one pizza, still on its baking sheet, on top of the preheated sheet or tray. Bake for 8-10 mins until crisp. Serve with a little more olive oil, and basil leaves if using. Repeat step for remaining pizza.
Recipe Tip
TroubleshootingIf the dough is too wet: Add a bit more flour and work it in. If dough is too stretchy to roll out: Leave it to rest for 10 mins or so, then try again. You need far more pressure when rolling dough than when rolling out pastry. If the base isn't cooked: Baking the pizza on top of a preheated sheet or tray should prevent this. However, it could be too thick or have too much topping. If the topping is cooked before the base, cover with foil and give it another 5 mins.
Recipe Tip
Choose your toppingsFancy a bit more topping? Here's some suggestions. Olives, ham and chargrilled artichokes; Spicy sausage, chilli or jalapeños and sliced tomato; Spinach, garlic, gorgonzola cheese and a whole egg cracked on top; Creamy mascarpone, pesto, roasted red peppers and sliced mushrooms. Or if you are not sure what you fancy - why not do half and half.
Recipe Tip
CalzonePile sauce and toppings onto one half of the dough circle, brush the edge with a little water, then fold and pinch to make a pasty shape. Bake until golden as before.
Recipe Tip
Garlic & rosemary breadLeave the dough a bit thicker, brush with oil and stud with rosemary sprigs. Bake for 15 mins or until risen and golden. Brush with garlic butter.


text:
(CNN) - Sarah Palin announced Wednesday she's throwing her support behind Joni Ernst for an open U.S. Senate seat in Iowa, picking up on the GOP candidate's new campaign theme of cutting "through the pork" in Washington.
The former Alaska governor, 2008 vice presidential nominee, and conservative firebrand said in a post to her Facebook page that if Deb Fischer, a Republican senator from Nebraska who Palin backed in 2012, "can see through the bull in Washington, then Iowa's Joni Ernst can help her cut through the pork."
Palin's farm analogy comes from Ernst first campaign ad, released Tuesday, where the candidate touts her Iowa background.
"I grew up castrating hogs on an Iowa farm so when I get to Washington I'll know how to cut pork," Ernst says in the 30 second ad. "Washington's full of big spenders, let's make them squeal."
Ernst, a state senator, is battling a bunch of other candidates to win Iowa's June primary for the GOP Senate nomination. The winner of November's general election will succeed longtime Democratic Sen. Tom Harkin, who's retiring at the end of this year rather than run for a sixth term in the chamber.
Democrat takes heat
Rep. Bruce Braley, the all but certain Democratic nominee for Senate in Iowa, has come under fire for dismissing longtime Iowa GOP Sen. Charles Grassley "a farmer from Iowa who never went to law school"
If the GOP captures the Senate majority, "you might have a farmer from Iowa who never went to law school, never practiced law, serving as the next chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee," Braley said in a campaign video picked up by a Republican opposition research group on Tuesday.
Ernst pounced on her opponent's comments.
"How out of touch with Iowa can you be? I call on Braley to immediately apologize to Senator Grassley, and every other farmer in Iowa," she said.
Braley later apologized for the comments and noted that both of his parents "grew up on Iowa farms during the Great Depression. It deeply influenced who they are and who I am, and gave me a profound appreciation for what farmers do for the world."
On Wednesday, his campaign continued to tout the Democratic candidate's credentials with farmers, sending out a press release highlighting Braley's work in Congress fighting for Iowa farmers.
Palin's endorsement of Ernst in the Iowa race is the latest in a series of Senate candidates she's thrown her star-power behind in recent weeks. Earlier this month she backed conservatives in Oklahoma, Nebraska and Mississippi for the Senate. Prior to those endorsements, Palin supported conservatives in Texas for a U.S. House seat and the state's gubernatorial contest.
Palin's endorsed a number of conservatives vying for congressional seats in the 2010 cycle, when a tea party-backed wave bumped Republicans into the majority in the House of Representatives. She cut back on endorsements in the 2012 elections.
Between Braley's farmer comments and Ernst pig castrating campaign ad, the Iowa race has received a heavy-dose of national attention this week. "The Tonight Show" host and comedian Jimmy Fallon played the "castrating hogs" bit of the ad twice before quickly cutting the video off during his show on Tuesday.
Democrats hold a 55-45 majority in the Senate (53 Democrats and two independents who caucus with the party), but are defending 21 of the 36 seats up in November, with half of those Democratic-held seats in red or purple states, like Iowa.
CNN's Dana Davidsen, Paul Steinhauser, Alan Silverleib and Cassie Spodak contributed to this report.
A Palin story. Bring on the hate 3 2 1.
Boehner rips Sarah Palin : 'What the hell is this, a joke?'
Palin needs to measure twice and cut once !
Thank God she can't vote in all the states where she's endorsing candidates.
"All of 'em, any of 'em that have been in front of me over all these years." –Sarah Palin, unable to name a single newspaper or magazine she reads, interview with Katie Couric, CBS News, Oct. 1, 2008
Maybe this guy Ernst could of castrated Palins father so we wouldn't be hearing any of her ignorent squealing either..Hey Palin do us a favor and try being irrelevant for once ...
So some nobody supports some local yokle trying to make it to the big leagues. BFD. The debunking of those so-called "IRS", "Benghazi", "Obamacare" scandals, etc. have made for some REALLY slow news days.
Hey CNN! Untrained ape is now unacceptable?
Classy as always.
Because she never endorsed pork spending for her own state when she was actually working for a living right?
What a lady she is, to be sure. Undoubtedly one of the premier reasons republicans are so enthralled with her, as are the democrats. What a joke.
Sarah is endorsing someone who endorses the castration of pigs.
That's her prerogative.
Some endorse castrating Sarah.
That's theirs.
Isn"t castration a form of birth control?
Palin- the queen of the county fair. How quaint- and irrelevant.
My question is....who really cares who Sarah Palin endorses. She didn't even finish a whole term as governor and lost a VP race, she should have never been in to begin with. What credentials does she really have? Stop giving the woman media attention, then we can all COMPLETELY forget about her.
she supports Ernst 'cause she helped Simple Sarah deal with the "first dude"
Silence DoGood
"All of 'em, any of 'em that have been in front of me over all these years." –Sarah Palin, unable to name a single newspaper or magazine she reads, interview with Katie Couric, CBS News, Oct. 1, 2008
"Ive now been to 57 states-I think one left to go". –obama, unable to remember that there are only 50 states, Beaverton, Oregon, 2008.
"RSPECT" –Obama, unable to spell RESPECT, March, 2014.
All those that want "pork" cut out of the federal budget don't really understand what is going on with the budget. Projects that are needed for one state can help another. The other item is that many of the strange reseach projects that these people point are strange. The irony is that these people fight for military project that the DoD doesn't need or want and ask to have removed. The members of Congress do this to bring jobs to their district or state.


text:
LOWELL — A school bus and a car collided at the corner of Moody and Cabot streets on Wednesday afternoon. Four students, the bus driver and the driver of the other car were hospitalized.
Police radio reports indicate the accident happened around 2 p.m.
At the scene, Lowell Public Schools Transportation Director John Descoteaux, who said the students' injuries were minor.
The bus was dropping off students from the J.G Pyne Arts Magnet School, which serves children in grades kindergarten through eight.
Descoteaux said the bus driver, a woman, suffered minor injuries.
He was unsure of the severity of injuries suffered by the driver of the car, a two-door Honda Civic.
As of 3 p.m., all six were being treated at Lowell General Hospital.
Descoteaux said the remaining students were either picked up by parents or boarded a different bus.
Police are still investigating.
For more on Wednesday's accident please read Thursday's edition of the Lowell Sun or visit www.lowellsun. com. Follow Evan Lips @Twitter.com/evanmlips.


text:
by Tim on 9 December 2012 in experiments
You can't wait for permission to innovate – you'll never get it.
You need to start changing things on your own – right now.
Here are three things I ran across this week that make this point. First up, a great quote from artist Ron English – in the introduction to the special issue of Juxtapoz that he edited on the topic of politics and art:
Every time I do a lecture there is the inevitable question from a guy who is miffed that I don't do anything to address the issue of our military's use of uranium tipped war heads in Iraq, Monsanto's ware on independent farmers, the Mayan apocalypse, or some other issue that they are deeply passionate about, and my usual reply is, "Why don't YOU do something?" This is usually followed by "Well, I'm not an artist" or "I don't have access to the media." Got photoshop? Know where a Kinko's is located? Know where a wall is? The thing is, nobody in this issue was born with a megaphone in their hand, and they didn't wait for an invitation or an art degree to express themselves. I know a lot of people reading this are already out on the streets doing art and I just want to let you know your art can serve a higher purpose than advertising your own career. Art has been successfully used by liberators and dictators alike. It is a powerful tool that is in your possession.
It is a powerful tool that is in your possession.
Here's an example from this issue – a remarkable piece from Molly Crabapple:
Innovation is a pretty powerful tool as well, and it is also in your possession.
Hugh MacLeod says that business needs more art, and he's right – that's one way to access the tool of innovation. The second thing that crossed my path was this cartoon from Hugh's daily newsletter:
It's a tool that's in your possession.
And then there's this from Nilofer Merchant:
Not everyone will, but anyone can.
Innovation is a powerful tool, and it's in your possession – so what do you do?
Here's my prescription:
- Think about how much you can get away with – if you manage a budget, how much discretion to you have? If you don't have a budget, what are the parts of your job that you control?
- Make a list of 10 things that you can do within the current scope of your work that will make things better for the people with whom you interact – customers, co-workers, bosses, whoever.
- Do those things.
- Figure out which ones worked, and do those more.
- Figure out which ones didn't work, learn why not, then forget about them.
- Apply what you learned to the next set of ideas.
- Do it all again.
The point with this is to just get started with innovation. Try things that are cheap experiments. Learn from failures, amplify successes. Try a lot of ideas at once so that you don't get too attached to them – if you only have one idea, the stakes are much higher, even for a cheap and quick experiment. And remember what English says about serving a higher purpose – that's just as important for innovation as it is for art.
That's how you can start to get the future out of your head, and out into the world where it will do some good.
About Tim
Idea Connector – Studies innovation networks – author, speaker & consultant on innovation – University of Queensland Business School – links to academic papers, twitter, and so on can be found here.


text:
Is the Best Reuben Sandwich in Chicago at Harrington's Deli?
Chicago is a world class eating town. No doubt about it. But there are some things where the math just doesn't add up right. Take corned beef for example. I'm just not understanding of why we don't have more excellent options. I like Manny's and really love the overall experience and product to go with it at Moon's, but there should be more than just those options in the most vibrant city in the Midwest. A region where corned beef is abundant.
Everyone always thinks about New York City and its wonderful East Coast delis when it comes to cured beef, but places like Milwaukee, Detroit, and Cleveland are rich with it. But for whatever reason that doesn't wear off much on us. On top of all this we have a vibrant Irish population with the largest St. Patrick's Day parade in the United States. We should at least have a good sandwich shop/deli serving up some classic corned beef amongst other Irish favorites, and it turns out we do. I just didn't know about until now. Enter Harrington's Deli & Catering.
Located on Milwaukee Avenue in Jefferson Park in a small strip mall, this Irish deli does it all. Before entering you're immediately greeted with big displays of each day's specials. Stuff like Irish-style bangers and mash, corned beef and cabbage, and a regular Friday fish fry are just a few of the ever rotating weekly home cooked specials on the board. Then you go inside and are greeted with some friendly Irish folk music and are given a very warm welcoming by the people behind the counter. The walls are decked out in memorabilia of the old country, which is both on display and for sale. Need to know how many more days until St. Patrick's Day? They have a calendar.
They sell quite a few of their products made in house as well as favorites to go with it. Stuff like HP steak sauce, Irish bacon, bangers, sliced roasted pork, and roast beef by the pound. Homemade soups and reheat-able dinners are in the fridge. Cream of Reuben anyone? If you want to eat right there, right now, the deli counter sells classic sandwiches like an Irish boiling bacon made with their homemade recipe served with Dubliner cheese on grilled rye bread. They have a charred Irish-style curry burger and offer sides of curry sauce with their beer battered fries. Ever had an Irish burrito? "Harrington's Banger's, Rashers, Black and White Puddings, Fried Potatoes and Sour Cream" sounds like it will put you to sleep before you finish eating.
But the star of the show here is the corned beef.
Ken Harrington is a legend in these parts. If you plan on using him for St. Patrick's Day you best have your order in by the end of January. He learned the craft from his father who learned it from his grandpa after he moved to the city from Michigan in 1922. Grandpa Ray was a cook at an Athletic Club where his corned beef was so popular with prominent people in the city they would have him cooking it at their own private events. In 1952 he started a business which is Harrington's Deli today. They cook hundreds of pounds of their corned beef each week and serve it both catered whole and hand sliced in sandwiches at the deli.
A whole sandwich is what many would consider two. It is technically two sandwiches, so ordering a half one for just under $6 including a side is a bargain in my book. A classic corned beef can come on pumpernickel or sourdough, and the Reuben comes with house Thousand Island on beautiful marbled rye. These sandwiches aren't stacked sky high like some other delis do it, but the meat to bread ratio is where it needs to be, especially considering the amount of food you're getting for under $9. The corned beef is near perfect. You can taste the tradition in it. This isn't some stuff from the grocery store made with the spice packet included with it. It's a longtime family recipe that we're all lucky enough to indulge in.
I really took joy in the simplicity of the classic with a slice of Swiss. The hand cut corned beef had just a tad bit of fat on it, the amount you want when it comes to a good one. Extra points for the side of horseradish to go along with the standard mustard and pickle. There's just something beautiful about barely cooked corned beef, it's prettier than most meats. Very much the type to make you drool. The potato salad was just right in my book, which means not too much mayo and items other than just spuds. I liked the green onion addition. You're offered a wide range of sides with each sandwich; from the soup of the day to french fries, there's at least eight ones to choose from.
With Harrington's I've also found my favorite Reuben in Chicagoland. I love a good one. I also like to eat corned beef more than just once each March, but sometimes don't have the time to make my own along with whipping up some Thousand Island dressing and going to the baker to get some top notch bread, only to then construct the perfect one. Now I don't have to do that. I can just get in my car and drive west on Milwaukee to get one made with love. Everything about it from the succulent corned beef to the perfectly toasted bread is top notch. Don't wait until March to try one.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text:
Jongmyo Royal Ancestral Rite, Korea
UNESCO proclaimed the Jongmyo Jerye (royal ancestral rite) and Jongmyo Jeryeak (royal ancestral ritual music) Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001
Boryeong Mud Festival, Korea
The mud of Korea's west coast is rich in minerals and a good excuse to roll around in it!
Korea Tourism Organization
Our office is open to the public Monday to Friday 0900-1700. No callers 1200-1400 please.
We are closed UK bank holidays. FOR REGULAR KOREA TRAVEL NEWS UPDATES REGISTER AT www.VisitKorea.co.kr
Film and fashion descend on cool Korea
08 May 2015
If you needed any evidence that Seoul and Korea is one of the hottest destinations on the planet right now, then one only needs to review the last month to understand why?
Read full story...
New Avengers sequel prompts Korea to launch 'alternative heroes' advert
01 May 2015
The Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) presents moviegoers all over the world with its new ad for theatre screens, "Korea: Age of Imagination", which relates to the filming of the Avengers sequel in Seoul. Avengers: Age of Ultron was shot last year in vario
Read full story...
Director - Mr Marcus Hwang
Tel: 020 7925 1717
Email: email@example.com
Deputy Director - Mr Hyeongjoon Kim
Tel: 020 7925 1717
Fax: 020 7321 0876
Email: email@example.com
Office Manager - Ms Keunhee Lee
Tel: 020 7925 1717
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Marketing Manager - Mr Michael Michael
Tel: 020 7925 1717
Fax: 020 7321 0876
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
General links
ABTA Tour Operators and Travel Agents featuring Korea
Holiday brochure request
Holiday brochures for South Korea through Holidaywizard
Industry links
Know before you go
The Know Before You Go Campaign is a joint venture between the FCO and the travel industry to ensure that British travellers are better prepared when they go overseas.
3rd Floor, New Zealand House
show me a map
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
W: https://gokorea.co.uk


text:
Hi all! I'm new to Java and programming and am taking my first programming course in college. No, this isn't homework help as I've completed that portion of the assignment. I'd simply like to do some extra coding, etc., to try to learn more. In other words, I'd like to go above and beyond. Anyway, I was hoping some of you experienced programmers could give me some pointers and or suggestions. Below is part of the program that we had to write. The teacher provided the code. We just had to type it in and change some things around to reflect our own made up company name and products. I was interested in adding my own method to the code that simply masks the last two characters of the user's password. So, below is my main method and the maskPassword method that I created. Did I implement the maskPassword method correctly? Even if it is correct, is it really the "right" way to do something like this? Initially, I named the method public void String mask password, but was getting errors along the lines of cannot use void with static something or another. I did some research and came to the conclusion that I needed to create an instance of the my class, so I added the code to create an instance of CompuTech, then did the string manipulation. Any feedback here would be very much appreciated!
public class CompuTech { public static void main(String[] args) { CompuTech instance = new CompuTech(); .....program displays a few input boxes and messages, etc. // build the various output strings nameOutputMsg = "Welcome " + customerName + "!\n"; returnOutputMsg = "Your login is: " + userid + "/" + [B]instance.maskPassword(password)[/B] + ".\n\n"; greetingOutputMsg = "Thank you for visiting CompuTech!\n"; // this combines all the output strings and assigns them to one variable outputMsg = nameOutputMsg + returnOutputMsg + greetingOutputMsg; // displays the complete output string JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, outputMsg ); System.exit(0); } // end main // method to mask the last two characters of the password with asterisks private String maskPassword(String password){ // if password is at least two characters long, mask last two characters if (password.length() > 1) { password = password.substring(0, password.length() - 2) + "**"; } // password is only 1 character long, so just mask the one character else if (password.length() == 1) { password = password.substring(0, password.length() - 1) + "*"; } else { password = "non entered"; } return password; } // end maskPassword } // end Class CompuTech


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As a Texas Children's Health Plan provider, we value your role in providing quality health care to our members, your patients. Our role as a health plan is to provide you with the tools and resources you need to be successful as efficiently and productively as possible. Texas Children's Health Plan offers solutions and new technologies that save you time so that you can better serve your patients.
We will keep you updated as new technologies become available. Check our Provider Resources page periodically to stay up-to-date on the latest resources available to you. To learn more, call our provider relations department at 832-828-1008 or toll-free at 1-800-731-8527.
Our website for providers is designed as a tool to help you. You can find an array of resources such as:
- Pharmacy Directories
- Downloadable forms
- Claims information
- Practice guidelines
- Provider Newsletters
- Contracting and Credentialing
- Billing guidelines.
Provider Manuals
Helpful links
- Texas Medicaid & Healthcare Partnership
- Texas Health and Human Services
- Texas Medicaid/CHIP Vendor Drug Program
- Texas Health Steps Provider Information
Member Rights and Responsibilities
Clinical and Administrative Advisory Committee
The Clinical and Administrative Advisory Committees will provide recommendations and assistance to Texas Children's in the following areas:
- Development, review and revision of clinical practice guidelines;
- Review of general clinical practice patterns and assessment of Provider compliance with clinical guidelines;
- Development of Quality Improvement strategies and studies in coordination with Texas Children's, HHSC, and the EQRO;
- Strategies and recommendations for improving Health Plan administrative procedures;
- Recommendations on how to improve care based on Member feedback and their personal experiences serving our Members; and
- Opportunities for connecting network Providers and MCO clinical experts for purposes of peer support and sharing best practices.


text:
- andylau-fr
- Contributor
I'm not sure what is it (documentary?, short movie?) but there is a bluray boxet directed by Matsumoto Hitoshi going to be released soon in japan. It say it have 5 bluray:
Blu-ray of the film "HITOSI MATUMOTO VISUALBUM" directed by Hitoshi Matsumoto. Features three works "Vol. Ringo "Yakusoku"," "Vol. Banana "Yakusoku,"" "Vol. Budo "Anshin"," and their outtakes plus commentary by Matsumoto. Comes with two bonus disc featuring "Melon" making-of and "Sundome Kaikyo (subject to change)."


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(AP) The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals struck down a Virginia anti-sodomy law that remains on the books a decade after a similar Texas statute was invalidated by the U.S. Supreme Court.
In a 2-1 ruling March 12, a panel of the 4th Circuit declared that Virginia's law against oral and anal sex violates the U.S. Constitution's due process clause.
Virginia's so-called "crimes against nature" law served as the basis for William Scott MacDonald's felony conviction. A judge in Colonial Heights convicted MacDonald, then 47, of criminal solicitation for allegedly demanding oral sex from a 17-year-old girl.
That was in 2005, two years after the landmark Lawrence v. Texas decision effectively struck down anti-sodomy laws in that state and several others.
"It is shameful that Virginia continued to prosecute individuals under the sodomy statute for 10 years after the Supreme Court held that such laws are unconstitutional," said Rebecca Glenberg of the ACLU of Virginia, which filed a friend-of-the-court brief urging the court to invalidate the law. "This ruling should bring an end to such prosecutions."
MacDonald's attorney, Benjamin E. Rosenberg, did not immediately respond to a message seeking comment.
The Virginia attorney general's office is reviewing the ruling and considering its options, spokesman Brian Gottstein said in an email.
Virginia's criminal solicitation law states that it's a felony for any adult to order a person under age 18 to commit a felony.
MacDonald claimed his conviction for that offense was improper because the underlying felony was based on an unconstitutional law.
McDonald was convicted, however, on the theory that the Lawrence case did not apply to sodomy involving minors. The federal appeals court rejected that interpretation and reversed MacDonald's conviction, saying the Supreme Court did not expressly carve out an exception for minors but left open the possibility of state legislatures doing so.
"True enough, the Supreme Court implied in Lawrence that a state could, consistently with the Constitution, criminalize sodomy between an adult and a minor," Judge Robert King wrote in the majority opinion. "The court's rumination's concerning the circumstances under which a state might permissibly outlaw sodomy, however, no doubt contemplated deliberate action by the people's representatives, rather than by the judiciary."
The appeals court noted that Virginia does have a law prohibiting an adult from soliciting sodomy from anyone under age 15, but MacDonald could not be charged with violating that statute because his accuser was 17.
"Thus, although the Virginia General Assembly might be entitled to enact a statute specifically outlawing sodomy between an adult and an older minor, it has not seen fit to do so," King wrote.
Judge Diana Gribbon Motz joined in the majority opinion.
In a dissenting opinion, Judge Albert Diaz wrote that federal courts were required to give more deference to the state courts' interpretation of the Virginia statute.
– By Larry O'Dell


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I am planning to develop a swing application tool ie. Expense calculator or software for personal use.
Is it possible to create such application so that I will talk with MS Access database to store data and once it is developed and i will be bundling it into jar or exe file.
So when copying the jar or exe file to some other laptop or system I dont want to configure the DSN name or connection setting to MS Access in each system where i am going to put the file.
instead on click of the exe or jar file the connection will be set automatically I mean the exe or jar should independently on each system where i am going to run it
( Is it feasible in Java )


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Trade News
Munich, Germany, 10 May 2010 – Linde Gases, a division of The Linde Group, today announced it has been awarded a significant long-term contract to supply helium from the new Qatar Helium 2 Project, which is due to begin production in early 2013.
With a production capacity of almost 40 million cubic metres per year, the Qatar Helium 2 Project will be the world's largest helium plant and along with the Qatar Helium 1 plant, will make Qatar the largest exporter of helium globally. The new contract with the Qatar Helium 2 Project owners, when combined with its current off-take from Qatar Helium 1, will make Linde one of the largest buyers of helium from Qatar. The new supply agreement, which covers 30 percent of total helium production output, will significantly enhance Linde's ability to reliably supply helium to its worldwide customers.
"This is an important supply agreement for Linde," said Steve Penn, Global Head of Merchant and Packaged Gases, Linde. "It is our second helium agreement for supply from Qatar and, along with our recently opened helium plant in Darwin, Australia and our Algerian joint venture Helison, it confirms our position as the supplier with access to the most diversified helium source portfolio. As global demand for helium increases, Linde's Qatar supply will allow us to satisfy our customers' growing helium needs and shield them from potential industry supply constraints."
Qatar Helium 2 Project will produce liquid helium from the helium-rich stream resulting from expanding the LNG facility. The facility is supplied from Qatar's North Field in the Arabian Gulf which itself has reserves of more than 25 trillion cubic metres, making it the largest natural gas field in the world and therefore providing a long-term source of helium as a by-product from LNG.
Notes to editors:
Due to helium's unique properties, it is used extensively in the medical sector and across the manufacturing, space and defence industries, in addition to some consumer applications. As helium is the coldest liquid substance, with a normal boiling point below -268 degrees centigrade, it is important in the operation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners which use liquid helium to cool the superconducting magnets that generate high resolution images of the human body. Rising demand for MRI along with growth in the electronics, semiconductor, liquid crystal displays and fibre optic industries is fuelling increased requirement for the gas.
About The Linde Group
The Linde Gases Division, part of the Linde Group, is a leader in the international industrial and healthcare gases markets, providing compressed, bulk, specialty and medical gases, as well as chemicals to virtually all fields of industry globally. The company adds value to its customers' businesses through the provision of state-of-the-art application technology, process know-how, services and equipment.
The Linde Group is a world leading gases and engineering company with almost 48,000 employees working in more than 100 countries worldwide. In the 2009 financial year it achieved sales of EUR 11.2 billion. The strategy of The Linde Group is geared towards sustainable earnings-based growth and focuses on the expansion of its international business with forward-looking products and services.
Linde acts responsibly towards its shareholders, business partners, employees, society and the environment – in every one of its business areas, regions and locations across the globe. Linde is committed to technologies and products that unite the goals of customer value and sustainable development.
For more information, see The Linde Group online at http://www.linde.com
Susan Brownlow
Public Relations Manager
Mobile: +44 (0)7825 853814
E-Mail: email@example.com


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Friday, April 08, 2005
Takashi Murakami
The first article includes a meeting with Hello Kitty's chief designer comparing the cuteness of Sanrio characters to some of Murakami's creations:
She was troubled by Kaikai's smiling mouth. ''In most Sanrio characters, we don't express an emotion through the mouth,'' she said. ''With Kitty, you don't even see a mouth.'' She credited this mouthlessness for much of Kitty's popularity. ''When someone feels blue or depressed, they may want the character to sympathize with their feeling or to get angry with them or to offer encouragement,'' she said. ''Without a clear expression of the mouth, this is possible. It can be interpreted in different ways.''
This goes way back in Japanese art and is called hikime kagihana, literally "line-eye hook-nose". Eyes are defined by two thin curved lines with the nose a simple hook. The mouth is barely there, not even worth mentioning. A classic example and one of the best artworks ever is the 1120 version of the Genji Monogatari e-maki.
There is a point to hikime kagihana, which the Sanrio designer states, and that is to identify with the character. If you look at images of peasants in e-maki you will find a great deal of expression and detail - wrinkles, missing teeth, open laughter. The aristocracy who created and enjoyed the e-maki had no desire to project themselves onto peasants.
Murakami certainly knows all this so it's interesting that he chooses to create and market mostly non-hikime kagihana characters. He would do better commercially without them. All of the recent Murakami related articles make pains to state that in Japan there is no distinction between art and non-art but there are definitely class distinctions. Murakami is the son of a taxi driver - an extremely demanding job in Japan and not very high up on the ladder. I'm wondering if Murakami is not in some ways attempting a peasant revolution?
Following is an excerpted e-mail from a thirty-year old female Japanese friend sent 11/26/2003 which may be a reflection of the general public:
"i went to mori art museum today - it was so huge building and i saw the exhibition called happiness ...
... also there is floors and walls that murakami did - u know i used to like his stuff but now feel too much and it even looks ugly - tired of his prints everywhere ...
hello kitty is much better. i know kitty since i was born but she still ok with me."
It might be helpful to know that the Mori Building is a big Tokyo tourist destination because of the views. The museum is on the top floors but I think that for most visitors the museum visit is secondary - my friend is not a huge art lover/follower.
3 comments:
- Anonymous said...
Very cool post. I'm not always into Japanese pop stuff (though I do love me some Hello Kitty, and some music as well), but this was great. Thanks.
- Zeke's, the Montreal Art Gallery said...
Yeah, lemme pile on here, and say thanks tons for the post, most informative.
- Anonymous said...
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text:
Decorating with animals is an easy way to pull off a gender neutral nursery design, but often times the look comes off more cartoon than cool. That was not the case with this savvy decorator! She mixes modern and traditional pieces for a stylish laid-back vibe. And the hip color combo of soft grey and poppy red sets a modern tone.
Tell us what you think! Are you planning on decorating with an animal theme?


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Media / Press
It's been hard for us to keep track off all the times our suits have been seen on television or big media websites. We tried our best to fit it all in one short clip. Please see the result below.
Please use the form below for press inquiries. If using a webform is absolutely 100% against your nature please don't hesitate to drop us an oldskool email at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Ryan nod leads to Obama gains on Iowa Electronic Markets
Ryan nod leads to Obama gains on Iowa Electronic Markets
Ryan nod leads to Obama gains on Iowa Electronic Markets
The early winner from Paul Ryan's vice presidential candidacy appears to be Barack Obama, according to Iowa Electronic Markets traders.
Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.)
The price of a contract representing Mitt Romney's winning the popular vote in November has fallen more than 5 percent on the IEM's Winner Take All market since he named Ryan as his vice presidential candidate Saturday morning. His contract had been trading for 41.3 cents before the nomination was announced, but more than 2 cents to 38.9 cents Tuesday morning.
The Tuesday price means the market believes Romney has a 38.9 percent chance of winning the popular vote in November.
Meanwhile, the price of a contract for Obama winning the popular vote has gone up 1.5 cents in the three days since Ryan's appointment, from 59 cents to 60.5 cents Tuesday morning.
Obama's contract saw similar gains on the IEM's Vote Share market, which predicts the percentage of the popular vote that each candidate will receive. Obama's price has jumped from 53.2 to 54 cents since Saturday, which means the market believes Obama will receive 54 percent of the vote between the two candidates.
Romney's contract has fallen a full penny since Saturday, from 48.9 to 47.9 cents.
Trading volume has been moderate, with 1,154 Romney contracts trading hands on Saturday, but only 10 Obama contracts. A total of 2,724 contracts have been traded in the days following.
A real money futures market operated by the University of Iowa's Tippie College of Business, the IEM gives traders the opportunity to buy and sell contracts based on what they think the outcome of a future event will be. Contracts for the correct outcome pay off at $1, all other contracts pay off at zero. As a result, the price of the contract at any given time is the probability that the traders believe that event will happen. Traders can invest up to $500 in the market.
The latest general election market prices are available at iemweb.biz.uiowa.edu/quotes/Pres12_quotes.html. More information on the IEM—including information on opening a trading account—is available at tippie.uiowa.edu/iem/markets.


text: All, anyone, everyone, Have you ever investigated plus size wheels affects with respect to the Rotational Moment of Enertia of the wheel and tire? A large "I" (moment of inertia) can cause your car to accelerate less, effect handling, suspension, general ride and fuel mileage. So how does this do this? If you assume for simplicity, plus not including the tire to start with, a wheel as a disk of uniform density, then the formula for "I" is I = mr*2. In English that says the moment of inertia equals the mass times the radius squared. But computing mass can be a problem. However, if you are looking only for comparative differences in wheel weights and their diameters, as compared to other wheel weights and their diameters, then you can do the following: % difference (from one wheel as compared to another) = weight (of a certain wheel) times its radius squared divided by the weight (of a different wheel) times its radius squared all times 100. Or in formula form % = (wr*2/w'r'*2)100 where w = weight of a certain wheel of r radius. and w' = weight of a different wheel of r' radius Lets do a simple comparison. One 17 inch wheel weighs 19 pounds. Another 18 inch wheel weighs 20 pounds. Calculating the % difference gives the larger wheel to be about 18% larger in "I". 18% is a noticeable difference. You can really take a hit because of the radius being squared. If you install these larger wheels, you will notice right away your car with less performance than before. Sure the car wheels will look "snazzier" but with a performance hit. Your engine has to work harder to move the larger wheel as compared with the smaller wheel. This was a real "eye opener" for me after I did these simple calculations that I found in my old physics book. On the upside, if you can find wheels that are lighter in weight and the same diameter/width as your stock wheels, then you will gain in acceleration etc. Remember even if the next plus size is equal to the weight of your present wheel, you will still take a hit in performance. Reason is because the radius is squared in the formula not a linear progression. I am not saying you shouldn't go to larger diameter wheels that is your decision. Just keep in mind the Laws of Physics are constant for Newtonian Physics. Since we aren't approaching the speed of light here (186,000 miles/sec), this formula applies. Interesting huh?? I have been considering the idea of changing my wheels to some other style and diameter. I notice a lot of car owners will buy larger diameter and wider wheels to make their car look "classier" without considering the downsides of different weights and diameters of the wheel. Even wider wheels of the same diameter will weigh more and give you a performance hit. Now when you add the weight of the tire and consider its overall diameter (keeping in mind to keep the same overall diameter of the tire/wheel combination for your car) things can get worse especially if you choose wider tires which weigh more yet. I was considering going to an 18 inch wheel (my stock 17 inch wheel for my 2001 525i sport model), but now I am not so sure I will. Newton strikes again -------- something like Murphy's Law. Comments anyone? I am open for correction/additions/etc. crisslo


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So the Q from Part One keeps going-- Once again, the young lady did a great job of digging her heels in and making Dembski answer her question. Get your barf bags ready*.
Dont say I didnt warn you.
*audience members mumble that Dembskis 'answer' isnt an answer*
*future main character instructs people to come up to the mic if they have comments*
Dembski-- You dont, you dont think I answered the question. What about you? Whe whe whe...
Young lady-- Well I would like something a little more specific. I thought it was a great example when you said Darwin said 'If you can find X I will be...
Dembski-- What he proposes is impossible to test. You know? You have to modify it, as I suggested. But ah Im not sure where you see this as an evasion. Dont just give me a type III secretory system, give me a fully articulated pathway. Im not sure why thats an unreasonable requirement ey ya would not constitute eeeeh I certainly, if I saw that, I would seriously rethink what I was doing with Intelligent Design.
Young lady-- So perhaps... way in the future they elucidate this 'designed' pathway. How to get from LA to Japan to Hawaii, whatever (reference to Dembskis presentation), would that be... sufficient...?
Whe whe I think that would go a long way. I mean right now you dont have anything like that eh ah uh would convince me. Especially considering all the havens (I seriously cant understand a word he says for a second because hes bumbling so badly)
Young lady-- Doesnt that just mean "Give us enough time and we'll find it?"
Dembski-- Well, eeeeek, I mean, get you time, get you NSF research funding, get to it! But I mean why should I buy it at this point? Why why why whyyyyyy should I bet on this? Why should the biological community bet on it? Well I think they have a lot invested in it. But you know, eh... eeeeeeeeeeehhhhhh you see this is how things happen with different changes in science people work towards (???) and other people jump ship. And those who want to work for the old paradigm, fine. But in my view your your your banging your head against a wall. And I think there are some good theoretical reasons for thinking that way. I mean...ehk... biological evolution and computational evolution are not the only kinds of evolution. Theres also technological evolution. And the Russians actually studied this very well. (blithers about Soviet Russia looking at patents and studying technological change). All natural selection is is a trial and error, bit it, it actually has very limited use in terms of creative innovations that really push technology forward. So I think just from the field of technological evolution it seems that one should not give that much play to trial and error tinkering and that IS what natural selection and random variation is!
So either FIND some new mechanisms... but nothing has been done! The biological community has come up with nothing, natural selection is it. Thats the designing substance...
MASKED MAAAAAAAAN!!!!!!!!!! -- Can I explain it to you? Would you put up your slide of the bacterial flagella? And I would be happy to explain this system to you.
**audience ROARS with laughter-- seriously I about busted my eardrums on the audio**
Demsbki-- I have colleagues who know this system as well as you do. Ive talked to them. I DONT NEED TO GET AN EDUCATION FROM YOU!
*audience yells "YOU DOOO!" in unison*
Dembski-- SORRY! This is going to be a question and answer time! ITS NOT YOUR TURN! ITS NOT YOUR TUUUURN! WAIT YOUR TUUUUUUUUUUUUURN!
Luckily for him, it was ERVs turn.
- Dembski made a HUGE deal out of what Darwin 'said' and how he had disproven it! Now Darwins statement is 'impossible to test??'
- The young lady caught him-- "So doesnt that just mean "Give us enough time and we'll find it?"" Exactly. If ID was a positive argument, Dembski COULD have said "Nononono, here is our evidence supporting our claims." But ID is a negative argument, its a 'god of gaps', and science fills gaps. Give us enough time, and science will fill every gap ID Creationists find.
- In Soviet Russia, technology evolves you!
- Dembskis proclamations that 'the biological community' has come up with 'nothing' almost made me vomit in front of everyone. I spent four years playing with cadaver guts as a pre-med, and a Creationist curls my stomach. Its no surprise that the Masked Man chose that moment to say something. I couldnt have taken one more sentence of it myself. But he made his statement in a calm and patient voice that I will never be blessed with.**
- There were two mics. The young lady asking the Q was at one, I was at the other. Logan was behind me, and Masked Man was behind him. So when MM started talking, I offered him my spot at the mic. Dembski would have none of it, and started whining frantically "ITS NOT YOUR TURN!!!!!!" It was horrifying. And it was at that moment my question changed.
* I figured out how to deal with Dembskis rambling. Chocolate. Vodka. God this is taking forever... AND ITS IMPOSSIBLE TO SPELL CHECK!
** Mom: "Abbie, hon, you know you arent exactly patient with that kind of person." Me: "... What kind of person?" Mom: "You know. Stupid people." Mom and Me: "LOL!"


text:
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Since then the various songs have undergone "descent with modification", with two versions of the album now out there (original and revised) and a sell-out live show which ran off Broadway for many months. Also, thanks to an encounter during the very first performance, Baba won financial support from the Wellcome Trust (and did a bit of his own crowd-funding) to create educational and entertaining videos to accompany each track. This has been a slow process, as he has to wait for the animators and actors to find time in their busy schedules to contribute, but the videos have been steadily appearing on YouTube and a dedicated website.
When I first suggested that Baba create the Rap Guide to Evolution, I asked if he could do something to communicate and even celebrate the Out-of-Africa theory, i.e. the idea first proposed by Chris Stringer and others that all modern non-African humans are descended from a small band of humans who left Africa 60-70 thousand years ago (pace John Hawks and Svante Paabo who now emphasise that a few percent of the non-African human genomes originated from archaic hominins from outside Africa). To me this theory gelled nicely with the pan-Africanism that permeates both reggae (check out this Black Uhuru track) and some rap music. Baba did a great job on this, with his track "I'm a African".
A few months back Baba visited Birmingham to perform the Rap Guide to Evolution for our students. During his visit he solicited my help in finding a multi-racial cast of volunteers to appear in the video for "I'm a African". From amongst students and colleagues, we managed to find two Indians, two Greeks, an Afghan, a Chinese, a number of Europeans (including me!), plus some people with African ancestry more recent than 70Kya, all willing to lip-sync along to the track against a green background, hastily assembled Blue-Peter-fashion from some card and sticky tape. Filming all this within our Centre for Systems Biology was a truly surreal experience!
Well, yesterday, just as Nick Loman was stoking our other blog up to blistering heat with the news of Oxford Nanopore, I received a note from Baba saying that the video for "I'm a African" was now finished and available online. So, here it is! Enjoy! Mine is the ugly mug a few seconds in!
A few notes on the video:
1. It's "I'm a African" rather than "I'm an African" for good reason, as Baba explains here.
2. The track is modelled on a track from Pan-Africanist Hip-Hop group Dead Prez. Listen to that track here if you want to compare and contrast.
3. Be sure to wait right until the end of Baba's video to see the architect of the out-of-Africa theory, Chris Stringer, make a cameo appearance, thanks to some footage I captured when he visited the University of Birmingham!
4. I suspect that the Dead Prez track was influenced by a speech "I'm an African" by Thabo Mbeki. Although later deeply flawed as a president, in 1996 Mbeki gives a great speech.
5. A few years back, in similar vein, with a Jamaican colleague, I created "Light be Thrown", a celebration in reggae format of our recent African origins and Darwin's predictions about how light will be thrown on human origins.