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Picture This: Anatomy of a Crash
Jason Jarrett tumbles at Charlotte Motor Speedway
Following in the footsteps of his famous father (Dale), Jason Jarrett has been building some solid credentials on the racetrack. As a matter of fact, his driving talent has landed him a full-time ride for 1999 in the #33 Busch Series car sponsored by Bayer, Alka Seltzer, Visionaire, and Coca Cola. Bace Motorsports out of Charlotte, North Carolina, owns the car.
Among the many races Jarrett participated in during 1998 was the NASCAR Busch Series Challenge race (also called the Hooligan) at the Charlotte Motor Speedway in October. Unfortunately for him, the result of the race was not what he had in mind, as you can see from this sequence captured by photographer Paul Melhado.
Although a picture is worth a thousand words, we wanted to get Jarrett's take on this sequence of events. Here is what he told us.
"About two laps before the accident we had a restart, and during the restart I got jammed up and had to back off the throttle. Then I got going again and got a good run off Turn 2 and backed off going into 3. On the next lap, I got an even better run off Turn 2 and got up under the #35 (Lyndon Amick) and #04 (Kerry Earnhardt) cars. When I did, we were basically running three-wide down the backstretch, and I was in the inside. As I got to Turn 3, I probably should have stayed on the gas, but I didn't. When I backed out, my right front clipped the left rear of the #35 car and then everything broke loose. I knocked the #35 car into the #04 car, then the #35 began doing a revolution and at one point we were nose to nose.
"While all of this was going on, the #43 car (Kevin Grubb) was carrying so much speed he hit my left rear. At one point all three of us (#35, #11, and #43) were up on the outside wall. The whole thing began to slow down, then my car (#11) and the #43 car wound up nose to tail.
"I don't think any of us ever quit rolling. It just seemed to happen, and then we either drove away or drove into the pit. The #43 and I just drove down into pit road. The crash pancaked my left side, tore up the right front suspension, and knocked the rear end over, so we were finished for the day.
"I don't think anybody got hurt except for my feelings. The way I explained it to Lyndon Amick was, when you get into a stupid situation like that, sometimes you do something stupid."


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Obituary from Battle Creek Journal newspaper from the Willard Library in Battle Creek's Collier Collection, 67.302, dated April 4, 1881.
Obituary of Jacob Scramlin.
To the editor of the Battle Creek Journal.
Jacob Scramlin was born in Oneonta Otsego Co. N.Y., May 16th 1810 and died at his home in West Leroy, Calhoun Co., Mich., April 9th 1881, consequently his age was 70 years, 10 months, and 23 days.
He removed to Leroy, Mich. about 1853 (28 years ago) where he remained up to the time of his death.
He was married to Miss Sally Van Wert in Oneonta, N.Y., ___1831. He had 5 children by her, 4 of whom, with the wife of his youth, preceded him to the land beyond the river.
He was united in marriage to his 2nd wife, Miss Olive Eldred, Sept. 27, 1855, 15 years ago at Charleston, Mich. She with his youngest daughter, Mrs. Annie Clark and two grandchildren of his immediate family, one brother and one sister, still survive to mourn their loss and to rejoice at his eternal gain.
He was soundly converted to Christ and united with the Free-will Baptist Church, in his early manhood, in the home of his childhood, and continued an active earnest consistent member of that church until he removed to Michigan. As there was no Free-will Baptist Church near his home, he never united in any branch of the visible church in Michigan, although most of the members of his family became members of the of the Methodist Episcopal church at West Leroy, near his home. Although not formally affiliated with the church, and he contributed $200 to West Leroy and $200 to the Climax churches. He was a regular attendant upon the means of grace until failing health necessarily kept him at home.
He was an industrious, hard working man, a prudent, successful manager of his temporal career.
When his health began to fail, some 7 or 8 years ago, he sold his large farm; retaining a few acres, where he built a comfortable house and out-buildings, for a home where he patiently spent the remaining years of his slowly wasting life, amid feebleness and pain, while confidently waiting for the coming of his Lord to take him home, to the land of rest and to the society of his loved ones gone before. Long before his death he had carefully arranged all of his business matters and made his peace with God, so he had nothing to do but watch and wait for his coming.
Such an honest, earnest, Godly, hopeful, helpful life could have no other, but a successful termination. His sun of life went down in a cloudless sky to rise amid the glorious realities of the excellent glory.
May the dear Savior help us to appreciate and profit by his Godly life, and example; to sympathize with his grief stricken family and ultimately to meet and greet them in the land where shadows and parting never come.
His funeral was largly attended April 11th from the West Leroy M.E. Church, Rev. L.M. Edwards officiating. His pastor, Rev. E.D. Bacon being sick. The sermon was based on a text rendered in Phil 1, 21, after which a large portion of the congregation followed his remains to the local cemetery near his home where loving hands deposited them beside the remains his loved ones gone before.
L.M. Edwards.
Climax, April 11th

subset: commoncrawl


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Started most of a year ago, this mod has grown from affecting a single civilization in Fall from Heaven 2, to adding entire new civilizations, changing most if not all, and adding completely new mechanics to the game.
Only registered members can share their thoughts. So come on! Join the community today (totally free - or sign in with your social account on the right) and join in the conversation.


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Short sentences, long sentences, suspenseful sentences, funny sentences, profound sentences, to-the-point sentences, meandering flowery sentences; young adult, middle grade, romance, literary, women's fiction, science fiction, fantasy, I love them all. Nothing gives me more joy than than an electric first line of a novel or a short story collection – what Sona refers to as pure agony.
Last year I wrote two book lists over Christmas and New Year on my site: 8 Short Story Writers of Color and First Lines From 36 Novelists of Color, as well as one on travel memoirs that don't involve middle-class white women or white boys leaving their corporate jobs and going to brown and black countries to discover themselves (and so can you!). I originally wrote the lists because it was perplexing to hear people, including my incredibly diverse and smart creative writing students, drinking the Koolaid and parroting the lie that people of color either aren't writing novels, or the novels aren't that "great" (because there aren't any mediocre novels by white men populating the book lists).
This year my list includes 54 novels and these are just the books I liked. My criteria is not particularly complex and is pretty much the exact same criteria I use in deciding to spend cash money to buy all of these books in the first place (except for Tiny Pretty Things, which I got for free due to my intimate relationship with one of the writers: my wife, Sona Charaipotra).
My criteria:
- A gorgeous first sentence that invites you to sink into a large, fluffy chair, with a warm cup of cha, and an aromatic novel.
- The authors and the content of their stories have some level of diversity. People of color writing novels filled with white people is just not my thing. I'd rather read white people writing about white people.
- Everything was published in 2015. In rare cases where a novel was published in England or South Africa in 2015, but doesn't come out in the U.S. until 2016 I've put a link to the available e-book. Aside from Toni Morrison being on the top of the list, this list is not in any particular order. They all have gorgeous first lines that drew me in.
Let 2016 be the year of more mirrors and windows. And to diverse vampires . . . As usual, Junot Diaz perfectly sums it all up:
"You guys know about vampires? You know, vampires have no reflections in a mirror? There's this idea that monsters don't have reflections in a mirror. And what I've always thought isn't that monsters don't have reflections in a mirror. It's that if you want to make a human being into a monster, deny them, at the cultural level, any reflection of themselves. And growing up, I felt like a monster in some ways. I didn't see myself reflected at all. I was like, "Yo, is something wrong with me? That the whole society seems to think that people like me don't exist?" And part of what inspired me, was this deep desire that before I died, I would make a couple of mirrors. That I would make some mirrors so that kids like me might see themselves reflected back and might not feel so monstrous for it." ~ Junot Díaz


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Garry R. Holland, in charge of the publicity for the Durham Branch of the Ontario Genealogical Society (OGS) http://www.ogs.on.ca/durham/index.htm, writes and tells us that Durham Branch will hold it's 30th Anniversary party on Tuesday June 5th at 7:30 pm.
At the Anniversary Celebration there will be Nancy Trimble, the former president of the OGS, and she will talk on "Look to the Future - Social Networking", and Janis Carter who will talk on the history of the branch, and will present a slide-show. And there will be the all important CAKE to celebrate the 30th Anniversary!!
Bring along your family trees, for you may find unexpected ancestor connections to others while at this meeting/celebration.
The meetings are held at the Main Branch of the Oshawa Library (basement auditorium). They hold meetings on the first Tuesday of each month, in the basement auditorium, 65 Bagot Street, just south of City Hall.
The OGS 2013 Conference will he held in Oshawa next year.


text: Today Uganda's Bishop Christopher Senyonjo spoke at a hearing by the Ugandan Legal Parliamentary Committee. Bishop Senyonjo, who has spoken publicly against Uganda's anti-gay legistlation, addressed the dangerous effects of criminalization of the LGBT community.He specifically talked about how the bill would impinge upon access to information about HIV and AIDS prevention and care. "If we criminalize the LGBT community further, it will drive Ugandans further underground and compromise the relationship of medical, counselors and clergy that is sacrosanct and needs to remain confidential," the bishop said. "How can we expect doctors to treat everyone when this bill will require them to report on their patients who are LGBT?" Three other testimonies were given by members of Uganda's Civil Society Coalition dealing with the legal and medical isses that would result with the passage of the bill. Two attorneys and a local physican, Dr. Sagmugoma, addresed the issues of discrimination and the violation of human rights. Further testimony was given by the Ugandan Human Rights Comission on the bill's violation of international law, particularly requiring any Ugandan living abroad to be extradited back to Uganda to face indictment for being gay. "Punishing someone for being who they are violates human rights," Bishop Senyonjo said. If the bill is passed by Parliament, it will be up to the president to veto it. Sign All Out's petition against this anti-gay bill here.


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Furthering Its Monetization Strategy, Foursquare Launches Promoted Updates Pilot Program
Building on the launch of its Local Updates product for businesses last week, Foursquare announced plans to roll out Promoted Updates on Wednesday, marking the company's further push into offering a more comprehensive array of tools for its merchant partners.
Similar to Local Updates, Promoted Updates allow businesses to push out recommendations to potential customers, serving as advertisements to Foursquare users as they move throughout the world.
The updates appear based on factors like proximity, time of day and past places you've visited, Foursquare says, so that users will only be seeing the most relevant sorts of ads. So, for example, say you're in SoMa around noon, and have a history of eating at sandwich joints. If a merchant like Caffe Centro (one of my lunch standbys) placed a promoted update message, you'd probably see it in your stream.
"We're thinking of them as Google search ads for the real world," product manager Noah Weiss told me in an interview. "But instead of a Google ad driving traffic to a site like BestBuy.com" — one of Foursquare's initial launch partners — "we drive traffic to the actual Best Buy store."
Promoted Updates only appear when a Foursquare user opens the Explore tab, essentially an in-app recommendation engine that suggests places of interest nearby, again tailored to your Foursquare history. That's somewhat in line with the Google analogy; A search query requires intent, putting in a request, and being served a series of relevant suggestions by Google. That's how Foursquare sees Explore, a way to express the intention to discover places of interest without knowing exactly what it is you're seeking.
Just like Twitter and Facebook did with their respective "promoted" products, Foursquare aims to increase a merchant's visibility through promoting it in the stream, that portion of the app which receives the most eyeballs. What's more, updates also offer the ability to attach a message. Such a message could contain a deal or special promotion, a potential hook to getting more foot traffic in the door.
In a more grand sense, Promoted Updates are in line with Foursquare's attempt to take seriously its monetization strategy. For some time, merchants have had access to this wealth of user check-in data — gender breakdown, visitation frequency and times of day, among other statistics — but until recently, they haven't had the opportunity to put it to good use.
Now, after more than three years of collecting data, Foursquare will actually sell tools like Promoted Updates to businesses that wish to capitalize on the popular, 20-million-user-strong platform. Typically those tools have been found from third-party vendor companies, cutting Foursquare out of a potentially lucrative revenue stream.
For now, details are scant on just how lucrative it is for Foursquare. Chief Revenue Officer Steven Rosenblatt tells me each partner pays on a cost-per-action model, and each promotion lasts for several months, though he wouldn't go into further detail.
The tool is currently in a pilot mode, launching with only a handful of about 20 or so partners including the Gap, Walgreens and Best Buy. After a few months of testing and feedback, the company will likely roll it out to more of its participating network of more than one million existing merchants.


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In an odd coincidence, several of the winning Powerball numbers matched the jersey numbers of baseball players in the Kansas City Royals Hall of Fame: Mark Gubicza, Dan Quisenberry and Dennis Leonard to name a few. NBC's Kerry Sanders reports.
Updated at 7:50 p.m. ET: The search for the two big winners of Wednesday night's Powerball drawing is narrowing.
Missouri lottery officials announced Thursday that one of the Powerball tickets worth $293.7 million was sold at a Trex Mart in Dearborn, Mo. And Arizona officials said the other winning ticket in the $587.5 million jackpot was sold at the 4 Sons Food Store in Fountain Hills, Ariz.
Missouri lottery officials said they will announce the state's winner at a press conference Friday. Officials have not yet identified the Arizona winner.
The Arizona store that sold the ticket will receive a $25,000 bonus incentive, while the Missouri store will get $50,000.
Lottery officials have not said whether the winning numbers of Wednesday night's record drawing -- 05 - 16 - 22 - 23 - 29 and Powerball 06 -- were picked by individuals or groups.
"It is so exciting to sell one of these Powerball tickets," Missouri Lottery executive director May Scheve Reardon said in a press release Thursday. "In addition, we sold two tickets that matched all five white balls, which means they each win $1 million. Three millionaires in one night is a wonderful night!"
Reardon advised all winners to be sure to sign the back of their tickets and seek legal and financial advice. Missouri winners have 180 days to claim their prize.
NBC's Kerry Sanders has more on the record jackpot and looks at how the winner may have chosen their numbers.
In addition to the jackpot winners, Powerball officials said eight people won $2 million prizes and 58 other ticket holders won $1 million.
The jackpot had rolled over 16 consecutive times without a winner since Oct. 6, prompting Americans to go on a ticket-buying spree in the run-up to the drawing. At one point, tickets were selling at a rate of 130,000 a minute nationwide — about six times the volume from a week ago.
The Missouri and Arizona jackpot winners will share an estimated $385 million before taxes if they take the prize as a lump sum, or the $587.5 million can be paid out as annuities over three decades, the Multi-State Lottery Association told Reuters.
As lottery official Sue Dooley notes, tickets matching all five of the white balls in the record $580 million Powerball drawing, can be cashed in for $1 million in prize money.
Although this Powerball jackpot was a big one, it's not the largest lottery prize ever. That mark is held by the $656 million Mega Millions jackpot that was split by three ticket buyers earlier this year. The previous biggest Powerball prize was $365 million in 2006, shared by several ConAgra Foods workers in Lincoln, Neb.
Advice for the lucky people who won the huge Powerball jackpot
11 things more likely to happen than winning the Powerball jackpot
Powerball is played across 42 states, plus Washington, D.C., and the Virgin Islands. All but five states -- Delaware, Kansas, Maryland, North Dakota and Ohio -- require the lottery to release the winning names to anyone who asks, according to the Powerball site.
The next Powerball drawing has been reset back to $40 million.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
The record $580 million Powerball jackpot will be split by the owners of tickets sold in Missouri and Arizona, according to lottery officials. NBC's Stephanie Gosk reports.


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Kids Public Speaking Expo & Teens' Graduation ( Johan Speaking Academy )- 19 Nov 2017
Kids Public Speaking Graduation at Evolve Mall. This program was organized by Johan Speaking Academy. Kids from various branches who had undergone the 10-Week Program performed in front of a large audience.
– Taman Tun Dr Ismail
– Subang
– Shah Alam
– Puchong
– Nilai
– Seremban
– Kajang
– Kota Kemuning
– Mont Kiara
– Ampang
Many adults have public speaking fear because they never overcame that fear as a child. Learning how to speak in front of others is a skill that can be developed. If you introduce public speaking at an early age, your child will have the benefit of extensive practice, training and learning. Learning effective communication skills helps young people navigate the world and develop a strong foundation for their future. Some benefits children get from public speaking are:
Self confidence and self image improvement.
Better ability to listen.
Enhanced skill to help and motivate others.
Ability to persuade people to reach and attain goals.
Improved memory, writing and reading skills
Improved interpersonal and socialization skills.
Ability to negotiate and communicate
Public speaking instills confidence and helps people to become better communicators, and generally more successful in all aspects of life. When there is a chance for your child to practice public speaking, take advantage of it because it will be extremely beneficial for them as an adult.
To know more about us, kindly visit :
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
About :
Johan Speaking Academy has trained more than 1000 kids to speak on stage since 2014. The founder Johan is the 2015 Peninsular Malaysia Public Speaking Champion. In year 2015 itself, he represented Malaysia to the World Championship of Public Speaking held at Las Vegas. He finished as the Semi-Finalist.


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Where would we be without our dedicated and talented employees ?
Our Portfolio
BCapital financial solutions highly values teamwork and collaboration. We believe that a diverse workforce is integral to long-term business success. To attract, motivate, promote, and retain high caliber employees with a variety of backgrounds and perspectives, we are committed to supporting equal employment opportunity and to promoting a workplace free of discrimination with regard to race, color, religious creed, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, physical or mental disability, parental status, marital status.


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Praise for Michael Harvey and The Innocence Game:
"Michael Harvey should be read by all."—John Grisham
"Harvey does for the Windy City what Michael Connelly did for Los Angeles." —Chicago Tribune
"Harvey's the best Chicago novelist . . . since Nelson Algren." —Cleveland Plain-Dealer
"Harvey [writes] with crack timing, never allowing the reader a moment to unfasten his seat belt."—The Washington Post Book World
"Ingenious . . . Engrossing . . . Michael Harvey is a writer with a bright future." —Illinois Times
"Harvey takes us into the dark underworld where guilt and innocence aren't just debated in the courtroom—the losers lose big, and winners manage to simply survive . . . Complex, twisting plot, loaded with well-staged surprises, great summer read." —Blue Heron Journal
"Michael Harvey portrays the city of Chicago and its environs to wonderful effect . . . Suspenseful from the start, the last third of the novel becomes much more than 'just' a page-turner, when I found that I could not put the book down until the final page, with an ending this reader absolutely did not see coming. It is highly recommended." —Midwest Book Review
"Wily and surprising . . . The appealing kids at the book's center . . . leave us wanting more." —Kirkus Reviews
"Ambitious . . . The suspense remains high throughout." —Publishers Weekly


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HTS Theological Studies
On-line version ISSN 2072-8050
Print version ISSN 0259-9422
Herv. teol. stud. vol.67 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2011
The Pope's Jesus book and the Christologies of the gospels
Wim J.C. WerenI,II
IFaculty of Humanities, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
IIDepartment of New Testament Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa
This article maps out recent developments in the exegetical investigation of Jesus. It starts with a discussion of the Jesus book by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, in which 'canonical exegesis' is used to argue that Johannine Christology is also present in the other gospels and that this Christology actually goes back to Jesus. In this way, the book narrows the gap between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. The next section argues for maintaining the multiplicity of images of Jesus as a literary figure that is the fruit of relatively recent approaches: redaction criticism, narrative-semantic analysis and intertextuality. The final section contains a sketch of the current state of research on the historical Jesus and its relevance for Christology. The multiplicity in the literary and historical approaches poses challenges to the further development of Christology.
In 2007, a voluminous book on Jesus of Nazareth was published, written by a systematic theologian, namely Joseph Ratzinger, who, as Pope, adopted the name of Benedict XVI (Ratzinger 2007).1 His book has now been translated into dozens of languages and is read all over the world. The Pope's Jesus book is the fruit of a distinctly theological exegesis, sometimes resulting from a meditative treatment of Biblical texts, with a great emphasis on the unity of Jesus with the Father. The author shows a strong preference for the canonical gospels, in particular the gospel according to John, in which he perceives the explicit formulation of a particular Christology (namely, Jesus is divine) that, in his opinion, can also be found in the other gospels. It is remarkable that Ratzinger despite his positive appreciation of the historical-critical method does not expressly link up with recent developments in the research on the historical Jesus.
This article is structured as follows. In the second section, I will discuss the question of the possibilities and limitations inherent in the method used by Ratzinger in his book and which he refers to as 'canonical exegesis'. In this section, it will emerge that the canonical approach has a certain penchant for unambiguousness which is alien to the gospels themselves; a canonical reading interprets the separate texts in the light of Scripture as a whole and therefore tends to rub out mutual inconsistencies and differences. In the third section, I will show how modern exegesis leaves increasingly more room for multiplicity. In that context, I will mention three approaches which, in their application to the gospels, produce a large number of meaningful images of Jesus, namely redaction criticism, narrative-semantic analysis and intertextuality. These images are all equally valid: they are sketch-like designs which balance each other and sometimes contradict each other. In the fourth section, I will sketch the main lines of recent research on the historical Jesus. Historical criticism uses the synoptic gospels (and also other textual and material data) as the starting point to arrive at a reliable biography of Jesus (some scholars include the gospel according to John). I will conclude this contribution by showing the importance of the multiplicity of the images of Jesus in the gospels for the further development of Christology.
Canonical exegesis in the Pope's Jesus book
The Pope's Jesus book opens with a positive appreciation of the historical-critical method because, according to Ratzinger, it ensures that the Christian faith is not a myth and that Jesus was a real, living person who died on a cross. With this statement, he remains close to Bultmann's (1962:n.p.) 'das Daß seines Gekommenseins', that is, to the bare fact that Jesus really existed. However, does the historical method not have much more to offer? There is almost nothing in Ratzinger's book on the results of recent historical research on Jesus.2 He does complain that the reconstructions proposed in the last centuries are complex and that the results of the research are highly hypothetical. With his book, he does not wish to continue on that track and add another strange image of Jesus to the already existing series. Instead, he wants to make an attempt to describe the Jesus of the gospels as the true Jesus, as the real 'historical Jesus' and he thinks that exactly this Jesus is a historically more meaningful and convincing figure than the reconstructions we were confronted with in the past centuries (Ratzinger 2007:2021).3
This description has been fiercely criticised by New Testament scholars (see Söding 2007).4 The problem of Ratzinger's description is that he does not define the concepts 'the real Jesus' and 'the historical Jesus' and that he likes to put the Jesus (why still the singular?) of the gospels on the stage as the historical Jesus. As a result, the generally accepted concepts are completely confused, which hardly contributes to the clarity that he, too, dearly wishes for.
To be able to trace the Biblical Jesus, Ratzinger seeks to link up with the project of so-called canonical exegesis, developed in the United States.5 This method was already mentioned in the document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission of 1993 and was described there as an approach in which the Bible is perceived as an organic whole of testimonies from one large tradition.6 This view is also reflected in the Constitution on Divine Revelation of the Second Vatican Council (number 12).7 The key principle of the canonical reading is that separate texts must not be interpreted in their historical context but in the context in which they were placed by the religious community of later centuries. This context is the canon, the corpus of authoritative writings accepted by the religious community that are decisive for its belief and life. Canonical exegesis reads the Bible and the gospels therefore as a coherent unity that has an intrinsically consistent message, despite all its historical stratifications (Ratzinger 2007:230).8 The separate writings are interpreted from the broader framework of the canon. That framework did not yet exist when these writings arose but gradually emerged as a result of later decisions.
It is furthermore relevant for Ratzinger's approach that he links the canonical reading to the rereading of the Bible in the later tradition (Wirkungsgeschichte). He sees this rereading as an unfolding of the potential of meanings locked up in the Biblical texts (cf. Gadamer 1972). In doing so, he shows a strong preference for the writings of the Church Fathers, of whom he has very thorough knowledge. This sometimes has a far-reaching effect on his exegesis of the gospels, for example, in the case of the parables, which he reads from the point of view of patristic exegesis as if they were hidden invitations to believe in Jesus as 'the kingdom of God in his own person' (Ratzinger 2007:227).
That Biblical texts have an intrinsically consistent message in fact appears to mean, in Ratzinger's book, that they can be read from a Christological perspective. He continually gives examples of a Christological interpretation of Old Testament texts, but also many of Jesus' sayings in the gospels are given a Christological overtone. This applies to, amongst other texts, the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer and also the Sermon on the Mount as a whole.
A systematic discussion on the Christology of John does not materialise until the eighth chapter of the Pope's Jesus book, although the view of the fourth evangelist already plays a role in the previous chapters. In synoptic texts, Ratzinger already sees the reflection of the Christology of the fourth evangelist. An example, namely his exegesis of the stories on Jesus' baptism, will explain this. In his discussion of the synoptic versions, he puts more emphasis on the correspondences than on the differences.9 In his opinion, the three versions complement each other rather than contradicting one another. Subsequently, they are given meanings derived from Paul's baptismal theology (baptism is related to Jesus' death and resurrection) and especially from John 1:2934 (Jesus is the Lamb of God, the sacrificial lamb that makes reparation for the sins of mankind). Finally the voice from heaven who refers to Jesus as 'my Son' and the Spirit who descends on Jesus like a dove are interpreted as an allusion to the mystery of the triune God (Ratzinger 2007:50).10
According to Ratzinger, the Johannine perspective is also found in various parts of the other gospels (or is it projected back onto them?). In fact, it is incorrect to call it the Johannine perspective because the portrait of Jesus that is so characteristic of John (described by Ratzinger as: he is God's eternal Son, he is God as man, he is God and he is one with the Father) goes back to Jesus himself, in Ratzinger's opinion.
To give this exegetically unorthodox view firm ground, Ratzinger presents his own solution to a very complicated issue in New Testament studies, namely the Johannine problem: who is the author of the fourth gospel and how does this document relate to the synoptic versions? On the whole, contemporary scholarship agrees that the fourth gospel has earlier and later traditions and underwent several redactions; in its final form the text of this gospel is a more recent text; the hypothesis is gaining ground that its author knew the synoptic versions and sometimes thoroughly recast them in the light of a Christology of his own (Denaux 1992).11 Ratzinger provides a completely different solution to the literary-historical problem referred to above. On the basis of a few recent exegetical studies,12 he offers the suggestion a traditional one, incidentally that the fourth gospel goes back to an eye-witness of Jesus' life, which guarantees the historical reliability of the content of this text. This eye-witness is not the author himself. Ratzinger considers a presbyter called John, already mentioned by Papias (as quoted by Eusebius), to be the author (cf. 2 Jn 1 and 3 Jn 1). This presbyter may have been a disciple of the apostle of the same name, one of the sons of Zebedee and that would have been the John who witnessed Jesus' public ministry from its earliest beginnings.
I will conclude this section with a brief assessment. The Pope's Jesus book is very consistent, it is extremely perspicacious and it contains many sound exegetical observations. His book closes the gap between the Jesus of history and the Christ of the Church. It is remarkable that he does not pay much attention to the mutual differences between the images of Jesus in the gospels and is strongly inclined to integrate them to form one balanced whole. Furthermore it may be stated that he made one of the New Testament Christologies the norm for all the other ones, namely John's Christology (cf. Haight 2000:41).13 This perhaps explains why Ratzinger gives little attention to Jesus as a champion of social justice. Exegetes will challenge the favoured position of John's image of Jesus. Another cause for debate is that Ratzinger tends to present the Johannine Christology, by means of a questionable solution to the Johannine problem, as coinciding with Jesus' own understanding of his person and mission.14 Consequently, the results of Ratzinger's canonical reading are wrongly given the status of being the fruit of historical research into Jesus' understanding of himself. This goes beyond the purpose and limits of canonical exegesis, which does not want to read Biblical texts as a source of historical knowledge on Jesus at all.15
The Christologies of the gospels
In New Testament research on Jesus, not only the history behind the text is explored but also the history of the text.16 At the beginning of the twentieth century, after Schweitzer's scathing judgement on the first phase of the historical research on Jesus (Old Quest), the latter reconstructing the origin of the sources was even given precedence over the former. Consequently the evolutionary approach gained the upper hand in New Testament Christology. A well-known example is the research into Jesus' titles (Son of Man, Son of God, etc.), that was aimed at mapping the shifts in the meaning of these designations within various cultural circles (e.g. Cullmann 1966; Hahn 1963). Another example is the three types of Christologies distinguished by Fuller (1972:243247; see also Brown 1994): the 'two-foci Christology' (focusing on Jesus' authority during his public ministry and to his Parousia), the 'two-stage Christology' (emphasising the earthly Jesus and his exaltation in heaven) and the 'three-stage Christology' (expanding the previous model with Jesus' pre-existence, his existence with God since all eternity). Fuller (1972) presents the three models as consecutive stages in a continuous development and thereby creates a certain unity within the great variety of Christological portraits in the New Testament.
In the works of Hahn and Fuller, the search for unity has turned into a positive evaluation of multiplicity. This positive evaluation is also characteristic for studies carried out from the perspective of redaction criticism. This method emphasises the theological perspective of the final redactors and the socio-religious situation of their communities and by doing so it has created space for diverse images of Jesus, which are mainly coloured in from the redactional, later layer of each of the gospels.
The consistent application of redaction criticism led to the discovery that, in many ways, the redactors are authors in their own right and that their views of Jesus are not only found in the later layers of their books. No, the gospels must be read as a coherent story. This insight paved the way for the application of narrative analysis to the gospels. In this approach, Jesus is studied as a character in a story. Unlike some non-canonical texts, which only contain words of Jesus (e.g. the Gospel of Thomas) or are only about his Passion (e.g. the Gospel of Peter), each of the four canonical gospels contains a more or less complete story of his public ministry, with a real plot (with its own story line), a certain placement in time and space and its own perspectives co-determined by the interests that the author wants to communicate to his audience and that are coloured by the story's cultural setting.
Narrative analysis in combination with semantic analysis can investigate thoroughly how Jesus is characterised in the course of the story by what the narrator makes him say or do, by his interaction with the other characters and by the way in which his supporters and opponents react to him. The evangelists give Jesus the opportunity to profile himself fully: they give him the leading role, let him appear in almost every scene, let him influence the course of the narrative and, in one way or another, make the other characters serve the purpose of showing what he undertakes and what moves him.
We now have a large number of narrative and semantic studies, not only on the gospels but also on other New Testament texts.17 The result is a rich palette of Jesus images. The many faces of Jesus hang together with the diverse strategies of the narrators and with the socio-religious identity of their audiences.
The narrative-semantic approach concentrates on the separate writings and lets each author tell his or her own story. This concentration on the separate books can never be the highest or final bid because each document is interwoven with other writings. I am referring to the phenomenon of intertextuality here (cf. Weren 1993:933). In principle, intertextuality is infinite, but I will restrict myself here to Biblical intertextuality. A study of this phenomenon starts with explicit and implicit quotations from earlier Biblical texts. In my view, the application of this concept is highly productive for the study of the Biblical Jesus: it clearly shows to what extent Jesus as a literary character was made of the stuff of earlier stories and how much the Jesus story is embedded in the ancient story of Israel.
Intertextual research on Jesus resembles canonical exegesis because, in that approach, separate texts are also interpreted in the light of other texts from Scripture. Although their correspondence cannot be denied, I would still like to point out two differences between these two approaches:
Canonical exegesis perceives Scripture primarily as an organic whole within which the separate texts are bearers of one and the same message. Intertextuality, however, focuses first and foremost on the differences and perceives a later text as a transformation of one or more earlier texts.
Canonical exegesis easily transfers meanings from text A to text B, even if text A is later than text B. In this way, meanings are attributed to New Testament texts by Ratzinger that emerge from texts by the Church Fathers and Old Testament texts are read with New Testament spectacles. In fact, the distinction between earlier and later is abandoned here; the Bible emerges as one big, coherent system, within which the boundaries between the separate parts become blurred. The concept of 'intertextuality', too, can be applied in such a way that the meanings from one text flow into other ones, irrespective of their position on the timeline. However, exegetes generally reject this uninhibited use of the concept and focus on traceable transformation processes which allow chronology to be observed and anachronisms to be avoided as much as possible.18
Recent developments in the historical research on Jesus
Historical research on Jesus has been done for the past 250 years. The first or Old Quest (17781906), with its positivist and objectivist view of history as a science (in search of pure facts, separate from any interpretation), ended in Albert Schweitzer's scathing judgement that reconstructions presented of Jesus' life were strongly influenced by the contemporary ideals of the researchers; they had created a Jesus in their own image. A period of relative calm ensued (19061953: 'No Quest'), in which, under the influence of Bultmann, the interest in the heavenly or kerygmatic Christ prevailed over the interest in the earthly Jesus. During the second or New Quest (19531980), the emphasis was on the search for authentic sayings of Jesus, especially by means of the criterion of discontinuity or dissimilarity.19 Since 1985, we have been experiencing a Third Quest, which has almost run its course by now, but which still produces aftershocks now and then (see Dunn 2003; Meier 2009).
One characteristic of the Third Quest is that research is conducted on the basis of historical or sociological rather than theological interest. The number of sources of our knowledge of ancient Judaism and ancient Christianity has been extended, firstly by the archaeological finds in the areas of Qumran and Nag Hammadi and secondly because also non-canonical texts are included in the research. The approach is usually multidisciplinary or even interdisciplinary, which means that archaeology and the social sciences are of substantial importance. In addition to Jesus' words, there is now also considerable interest in his deeds. The idea that Jesus was a unique person who differed from the Judaism of his day and of later Christianity has been abandoned in favour of the assumption that, as an historical figure, he was deeply rooted in the religious and socio-cultural world of his day. There is still some distance between the Jesus of history and the Christ of faith, but the chasm is no longer as deep as has often been presumed previously.
That historical research would lead to one universally accepted sketch of Jesus' life has been a utopian dream since the Old Quest. In the Third Quest, multiplicity almost became the norm; the designs showed great diversity. This multiplicity of the images of Jesus can be explained by the now almost universally accepted fact that the researchers operate on the basis of divergent epistemological views and hold various ideas on the possibilities and limitations of historical research.20 Therefore, we are not faced with one reconstruction of who Jesus truly was, but with different historical Jesuses. Not one single design is free from subjective interpretation and all are constructs that are co-determined by the choices made regarding the sources used or by the criteria on the basis of which words and acts are considered to be authentic or not. Exactly how uncertain historical research is can be deduced from the frequent use of sentences starting with 'it may be', 'it is not impossible' or 'it cannot be excluded' in studies on the historical Jesus.
It may therefore be stated that there are considerable differences in the camp of the research on the historical Jesus. One researcher uses rather broad boundaries, sometimes even so broad that the resulting reconstruction approaches the realm of fiction, whereas another operates within much stricter parameters and can show only relatively meagre results. How big or how small the playing field is depends on choices regarding the following four issues:
Is it possible, by means of the historical method, to pay attention to the faith in God which inspired Jesus himself? Ratzinger puts forward as an actual historical insight that Jesus was oriented on God and was linked to God.21 I fully share this point of view; that Jesus was gripped by God belongs to the surest facts of this life. If that given is ignored, the result will be an incomprehensible figure. Attention to someone's faith and to its influence on someone's way of life is essential for a good biography and does not exceed the boundaries of historical research.
Modern reconstructions of Jesus' life usually end with his crucifixion, because the stories about his resurrection are about an event caused by God that, as such, is beyond the historian's perspective. However, if the indisputable historical fact of Jesus' death on a cross was really the last fact from his life, then a different historical fact would be completely incomprehensible, namely that his disciples united shortly after his death into active local religious communities and tried to win others over to their conviction that Jesus was the Messiah.22
Differences in the depiction of the historical Jesus are also caused by different valuations concerning the reliability of both the canonical and the non-canonical gospels as sources of information on events from the past.
A final issue is whether the belief that Jesus stands in a unique, filial relationship to God was already expressed by Jesus himself or whether this view matured later in the circle of certain early Christian groups. What the historical Jesus looks like is predominantly determined by the position taken on this issue (see Von Scheliha 1999:2231).
Research on the historical Jesus is relevant for the further development of Christology. One of the criteria by which Christology wants to be measured is after all its involvement in historical events and in particular its faithfulness to the historical Jesus. At the same time, this is not the only or ultimate criterion because, for the believer, the living Lord is the true Jesus. But that does not mean that the Christian faith is immune to historical criticism or would want to deny established historical knowledge concerning Jesus, for then it would be prey to fundamentalism and ideologisation.
The Third Quest has led to the insight that Jesus was a Jew who must be placed within the multiform Judaism of his time and who himself profoundly believed in the God of Israel. One implication of this insight is that, within Christology, Jesus must be discussed in such a way that the Jewish religion is not devaluated.
A plea for multiplicity
The Third Quest and the combination of narrative-semantic and intertextual analyses of the gospels lead to a great diversity of images of Jesus. This diversity may be positively valued: the different designs balance each other, they resist harmonisation and prevent one design from dominating the other ones. Even though canon formation in the first centuries was partly a process of exclusion, still, within the series of books that were declared canonical, as many as four texts were included that each contains a separate, continuous story on Jesus and consequently inspired mutually different views of his person and ministry. Given its nature and its own mission, canonical exegesis should in fact eagerly pursue multiplicity.
But does multiplicity not lead to fragmentation and relativism? This is not the case because unity in variety is sufficiently guaranteed by the emphasis placed in all gospels on Jesus' unique relationship with God and his unique position as a revealer and redeemer. This claim, however, raises the question of how Christianity relates to other religions. I already pointed out that this claim may not result in a theological devaluation of Judaism. Within our strongly pluralistic society and culture, another concern is added: how can the Christian recognition of the special position of Jesus be linked to a positive valuation also for religions other than Judaism?
The increased diversification of Jesus images is the result of applying literary methods of Biblical exegesis. They yield a Jesus who is a literary figure and the product of textual montage. In both cases, a character is concerned within a world-in-words. Will Jesus not be relegated to the realm of fiction as a result? This anxious question would be appropriate if narrative-semantic and intertextual analysis had exclusive rights, but such a claim is entirely alien to these approaches. There is sufficient scope for historical research and this has by now conquered strong doubts about the historicity of Jesus and is currently capable of providing a quite generally accepted sketch of the main lines of his life (e.g. Theissen & Merz 1996:493496).
Aletti, J.N., 2005, 'La construction du personnage Jésus dans les récits évangeliques: Le cas de Marc [The construction of the character Jesus in the Gospel narrative: The case of Mark]', in C. Focant & A. Wénin (eds.), Analyse narrative et Bible, pp. 19-42, University Press/Peeters, Leuven. (BETL 191). [ Links ]
Bauckham, B., 2005, 'Monotheism and Christology in the Fourth Gospel', in R. Longenecker (ed.), Contours of Christology in the New Testament, McMaster New Testament Studies, vol. 7, pp. 148-166, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI. [ Links ]
Bieringer, R., 2002, 'Biblical revelation and exegetical interpretation according to Dei Verbum 12', Studien zum Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt 27, 3-38; also published in M. Lamberigts & L. Kenis (eds.), Vatican II and its legacy, pp. 25-59, University Press/Peeters, Leuven. (BETL 166). [ Links ]
Brown, R.E., 1994, An introduction to New Testament Christology, Chapman, London. [ Links ]
Bultmann, R.,1962, Das Verhältnis der urchristlichen Christusbotschaft zum historischen Jesus, Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften; Philosophisch-historische Reihe, Jhrg. 1960, Abh. 3; 3. Auflage, Heidelberg. [ Links ]
Cullmann, O., 1966, Die Christologie des Neuen Testaments, 4. Auflage, Mohr, Tübingen. [ Links ]
Denaux, A. (ed.), 1992, John and the synoptics, University Press/Peeters, Leuven. (BETL 101). [ Links ]
Dunn, J.D.G., 2003, Jesus remembered: Christianity in the making, vol. 1, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI. [ Links ]
Ebner, M., 2007, 'Jeder Ausleger hat seine blinden Flecken', in T. Söding (Hrsg.), Das Jesus-Buch des Papstes: Die Antwort der Neutestamentler, pp. 30-42, Herder, Freiburg. [ Links ]
Fitzmyer, F. (ed.), 1995, The biblical commission's document 'The interpretation of the Bible in the Church': Text and commentary, Editrice Pontificio Instituto Biblico, Rome. (Subsidia Biblica 18). [ Links ]
Fuller, R.H., 1972, The foundations of New Testament Christology, Collins, London. [ Links ]
Gadamer, H.-G., 1972, Wahrheit und Methode: Grundzüge einer philosophischen Hermeneutik, 3. Auflage, Mohr, Tübingen. [ Links ]
Hahn, F., 1963, Christologische Hoheitstitel: Ihre Geschichte im frühen Christentum,Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen. (FRLANT 83). [ Links ]
Haight, R., 2000, 'The impact of pluralism on Christology', in T. Merrigan & J. Haers (eds.), The myriad Christ: Plurality and the quest for unity in contemporary Christology, pp. 3144, University Press Peeters, Leuven. (BETL 152). [ Links ]
Houlden, J.L. (ed.), 1995, Interpretations of the Bible in the Church, SCM Press, London. [ Links ]
Johnson, L.T., 1996, The real Jesus: The misguided quest for the historical Jesus and the truth of the traditional gospels, Harper, San Francisco. [ Links ]
Longenecker, R.N. (ed.), 2005, Contours of Christology in the New Testament, McMaster New Testament Studies, vol. 7, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI. [ Links ]
Meier, J.P., 1991, A marginal Jew: Rethinking the historical Jesus, vol. 1, Doubleday, New York. (The Anchor Bible Reference Library). [ Links ]
Meier, J.P., 2009, A marginal Jew: Rethinking the historical Jesus. Volume four: Law and love, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. (The Anchor Bible Reference Library). [ Links ]
Niebuhr, K.-W., 2007, 'Der biblische Jesus Christus. Zu Joseph Ratzingers Jesus-Buch', in T. Söding (Hrsg.), Das Jesus-Buch des Papstes: Die Antwort der Neutestamentler, pp. 99-109, Herder, Freiburg. [ Links ]
Powell, M.A. & Bauer, D.R. (eds.), 1999, What do you say that I am?: Essays on Christology, Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, KY. [ Links ]
Ratzinger, J. / Benedikt XVI, 2007, Jesus von Nazareth. Erster Teil: Von der Taufe im Jordan bis zur Verklärung, Herder, Freiburg. [ Links ]
Sanders, E.P., 1993, The historical figure of Jesus, Allen Lane The Penguin Press, London. [ Links ]
Schnackenburg, R., 1993, Die Person Jesu Christi im Spiegel der vier Evangelien, HTkKNT Supplementband IV, Herder, Freiburg. [ Links ]
Schreiber, S., 2007, 'Der Papst und der Teufel: Ein Exeget liest Joseph Ratzingers Jesus-Buch', Theologische Revue 103, 355-362. [ Links ]
Söding, T. (ed.), 2007, Das Jesus-Buch des Papstes: Die Antwort der Neutestamentler, Herder, Freiburg. [ Links ]
Theissen, G. & Merz, A., 1996, Der historische Jesus. Ein Lehrbuch, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen. [ Links ]
Von Scheliha, A., 1999, 'Kyniker, Prophet, Revolutionär oder Sohn Gottes?: Die "dritte Runde" der Frage nach dem historischen Jesus und ihre christologische Bedeutung', Zeitschrift für Neues Testament 2(4), 22-31. [ Links ]
Wall, R.W., 1995, 'Reading the New Testament in canonical context', in J.B. Green (ed.), Hearing the NewTestament: Strategies for interpretation, pp. 370393, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI. [ Links ]
Wall, R.W., 1997, 'Canonical criticism', in S.E. Porter (ed.), Handbook to exegesis of the New Testament, New Testament Tools and Studies, vol. 25, pp. 291312, Brill, Leiden. [ Links ]
Weren, W.J.C., 1993, Intertextualiteit en Bijbel, Kok, Kampen. [ Links ]
Weren, W.J.C., 1999, Windows on Jesus: Methods in gospel exegesis, SCM Press, London. [ Links ]
Witherington III, B., 1995, The Jesus quest: The third search for the Jew of Nazareth, InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, IL. [ Links ]
Correspondence to:
Wim Weren
Hertog Hendriklaan 23, NL-5062 CJ
Oisterwijk, The Netherlands
Email: email@example.com
Received: 19 Apr. 2010
Accepted: 21 July 2010
Published: 07 June 2011
Note: Prof. Dr Wim J.C. Weren is a research associate in the project 'Biblical Theology and Hermeneutics', directed by Prof. Dr Andries G. van Aarde, honorary professor at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Pretoria, South Africa.
1.In my footnotes, I will quote from the original German version of the book.
2.Witherington III (1995) offers a description of the Third Quest.
3.In German: '[ich wollte] den Versuch machen, einmal den Jesus der Evangelien als den wirklichen Jesus, als den "historischen Jesus" im eigentlichen Sinne darzustellen. Ich bin überzeugt [ ] dass diese Gestalt viel logischer und auch historisch betrachtet viel verständlicher ist als die Rekonstruktionen, mit denen wir in den letzten Jahrhunderten konfrontiert wurden. Ich denke, dass gerade dieser Jesus der der Evangelien eine historisch sinvolle und stimmige Figur ist.'
4.In this section, I am indebted to the book edited by Söding (2007). See also Schreiber (2007:355362).
5.For an introduction into canonical exegesis see Wall (1995:370393 and 1997:291312).
6.An English translation of this document can be found in Houlden (1995). There is an extended commentary on this document in Fitzmyer (1995).
7.In the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum, number 12, two different statements are made: 'The interpreter must investigate what meaning the sacred writer intended to express and actually expressed in particular circumstances by using contemporary literary forms in accordance with the situation of his own time and culture.' On the other hand, we read here: 'But, since Holy Scripture must be read and interpreted in the sacred spirit in which it was written, no less serious attention must be given to the content and unity of the whole of Scripture [ ] The living tradition of the whole Church must be taken into account [ ].' For an analysis see Bieringer (2002).
8.In his own words: '[wir lesen] die Bibel, und insbesondere die Evangelien, als Einheit und als Ganzheit [ ], die in all ihren historischen Schichtungen doch eine von innen her zusammenhängende Botschaft ausdrückt.'
9.A detailed discussion of the synoptic versions of the baptism of Jesus can be found in Weren (1999:138154).
10.In German: '[ich möchte] darauf hinweisen, dass uns hier mit dem Sohn der Vater und der Heilige Geist begegnen: Das Geheimnis des trinitarischen Gottes deutet sich an [ .]'.
11.The book edited by Denaux is a fundamental book on this question. From this book it appears that the hypothesis that John knew the synoptic gospels in their final redaction and used them for writing his own gospel has gained influence.
12.In Ratzinger (2007:268269), the following authors are mentioned: Peter Stuhlmacher, Eugen Ruckstuhl and Peter Dschullnig.
13.Haight makes the following statements: '[ ] one christology of itself cannot be an excluding norm for other christologies' and 'one cannot rule out the christologies of Mark or Luke on the basis of the christology of John'.
14.Von Scheliha (1999:29) disputes the usefulness of the philosophical concept which assumes 'daß die spätere kirchliche Christologie, die Trinitätslehre ebenso wie das Zwei-Naturen-Dogma, nur dasjenige explizieren, was im Auftreten des historischen Jesus der Sache nach keimhaft angelegt war'. The New Testament scholar Niebuhr (2007:107), however, rejects any criticism of Ratzinger's solution and disparagingly calls it 'schulmeisterlich'.
15.Ebner (2007:34) here speaks of 'eine Überforderung der kanonischen Exegese, die gemäß ihrer eigenen Definition gerade keine historische Forschung betreiben will'.
16.Here, 'history of the text' refers to the historical development of the text itself to its final form.
17.Examples can be found in Aletti (2005), Longenecker (2005) and Powell & Bauer (1999).
18.A good example of an intertextual approach is Bauckham's discussion of the 'I am' statements in the fourth gospel (Bauckham 2005:148166).
19.This criterion is discussed by Meier (1991:171174).
20.Observations on the definitions of the term 'history' and the nature of historical knowledge can be found, for example, in Johnson (1996:81104).
21.Ratzinger (2007:1112, referring to Schnackenburg 1993:354): 'Ohne Verankerung in Gott bleibt die Person Jesu schemenhaft, unwirklich und unerklärlich.' In addition to this, Ratzinger (2007:12) says: 'Das ist auch der Konstruktionspunkt dieses meines Buches: Es sieht Jesus von seiner Gemeinschaft mit dem Vater her, die die eigentliche Mitte seiner Persönlichkeit ist [ ]'.
22.Sanders (1993:276281) includes the emergence of vital religious communities shortly after Jesus' death in his list of facts from Jesus' life which he considers to be historically reliable. In his opinion, it is a historically undeniable fact that, after his death, Jesus' disciples had special experiences on the basis of which they became convinced that he had been raised by God.


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Air date: June 19, 2014 http://www.theheartofdetroit.org
The corner of Michigan and Trumbull is a special place for Detroiters. A postal worker named Tom Derry came by four years ago, after Ernie Harwell died, just for the memory. What he saw shocked him. Tom: Weeds had completely overtaken the infield. It was hard to tell where the baselines were, the pitchers mound. There was garbage everywhere, so I figured, well, I got a riding mower. I know I can cut the grass, and maybe some of my friends — they might want to volunteer too. The Navin Field Grounds Crew was born. At first, the police chased them away. But they kept coming and today are respected for the free work they do every Sunday on the now abandoned 10-acre lot. Tom: We basically brought back a ball field from the dead. People will stop by the park before they go to Comerica they want to come out here and run the bases where Ty Cobb played where Hank Greenberg played and the mound where Mark Fidrych pitched on. Some revive a game long gone. Some just watch. The Navin Field Crew gets no money. They pay for all supplies and equipment. Tom Derry is on disability from the postal service. Yet they never miss a Sunday in caring for their old friend. Tom: Well at first we did it because we just thought it was the right thing to do, but since then, I have just met the greatest people down here, whether they are playing baseball or having a picnic. Maybe it is not major leaguers that are using the field, but the game lives on and the people are using the baseball diamond. It shows you what community pride and a riding mower can accomplish. Week after week, free of charge, Tom Derry and the Navin Field Crew keep our field of dreams a field of memories, smack in the heart of Detroit.


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Multi-Asset Insights: Deleveraging - its implications for the global economy and FX
Multi-Asset Insights: Deleveraging - its implications for the global economy and FX
Why is global growth so weak?
Major economies around the world appear to be in a structural deleveraging cycle.
We characterise this as credit growth falling short of nominal GDP growth due to shifts in demographic trends, increased financial regulation and a lack of credit multipliers.
In the 40 years prior to the global financial crisis, many developed markets became highly indebted. Using the US economy as an example, aggregate debt to GDP climbed from 150% in 1980 to 360% in 2008 (chart 1).
Within this, household debt grew from 47% to 98% across the same period, financial sector debt to GDP increased from 20% to 123% and government debt grew from 43% to 70%.
The demographic trend of the outsized baby boomer populations moving through their life-cycle pushed household leverage higher.
Financial deregulation and innovation led to significant expansions in bank balance sheets and social welfare services brought about higher government leverage.
The onset of the financial crisis coincided with baby boomers, who previously supported the expansion of household debt, moving towards retirement and deleveraging as a result.
At the same time, increased financial regulation put an end to the rapid expansion of leverage in the financial sector.
However, much of the deleveraging seen in these sectors was countered by the expansion of government balance sheets with, for example, the US rising from 70% to 110% of GDP.
Implications for growth and policy makers response
If continued leveraging overstated growth potential in the decades before the financial crises, then a trend of deleveraging would imply that current growth potential is somewhat lower than that experienced prior to 2008.
A deleveraging cycle also implies an environment characterised by deflationary pressures.
In our view, central banks will be required to maintain accommodative policy in order to support growth and allow deleveraging to occur at a modest pace.
It is also likely that central banks will be required to continue to print money to counter deflationary pressures and to drive nominal growth expansion, as has been the case across many regions since 2008.
How will different economies respond?
We believe global growth is below potential due to a lack of credit multipliers during the present deleveraging phase.
Central banks may seek to boost their economies to pre-crisis growth trajectories and combat deflationary pressures through QE.
It is likely that this would lead to differing growth cycles. Countries where central banks engineer currency weakness will experience improved growth as their share of global growth increases, while those that have seen their currencies strengthen will experience deteriorating growth as they absorb weakness from other regions.
This has been seen recently between the eurozone and China. The collapse in EUR/CNY led to a meaningful pick-up in German exports while Chinese export volumes fell.
The same can be seen in the US where the stronger US dollar is beginning to put downward pressure on the US trade balance and the "manufacturing renaissance", as consumers substitute domestically produced goods for their cheaper imported equivalents.
What will the affect be on FX?
If central banks aim to counter the pressures of deleveraging through QE, we believe this could create cycles of currency weakness followed by currency strength, with regional variations through time.
Such action will have profound effects on FX pairs depending on where each central bank is in its easing cycle.
However, as certain regions are in better structural shape than others, we expect these cycles to oscillate around longer-term trends.
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pop into (someone's) head(redirected from popped into my head)
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pop into (someone's) head
To occur or form suddenly in someone's mind, as a thought, idea, or revelation. The idea for this new model of car just popped into my head as I was driving home last night. I had been struggling to remember her name throughout the evening, but it only popped into my head the next morning.


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First the good news: Over at The Burnt World of Athas, I saw that Ashes of Athas, which Baudman Games was running at conventions, is now going to be available for home play!
Here is what Flip said over at The Burnt World of Athas:
Now the bad news: The Baldman Games forums are down. I get a 404 error on the URL for the thread on the Baldman Games forum that Flip links to. And if I go to the main page of the forum, I get a 403 error. I checked the main Baldman Games page, in case the forum had been moved, but the link from there is the same.Flip at The Burnt World of Athas wrote:Wizards of the Coast has allowed Baldman Games to distribute their Ashes of Athas convention games to the non-convention crowd. You'll be able to sign up to receive the chapters over at Baldman's site.
Some important information from their announcements page:
Baldman Games wrote:No one (not even us) can host the adventure files anywhere.
Only the admins and Baldman Games can provide adventures.
When you e-mail us (or send us a message via these forums), we will send you adventures, one chapter at a time.
When contacting us, please include your e-mail so we can send you the files and the chapter(s) you need.
You can run those adventures, or if you are a convention organizer, you can provide them to your DMs for use at the convention.
You cannot otherwise redistribute or share or post the files anywhere. If you do, this will likely result in Ashes of Athas distribution being closed down!
Adventures you received from us can be run anywhere you please (home play, stores, conventions, desert caravans...). You can run them multiple times - whenever you please.
When you request adventures we will provide a link to pregens, maps, and campaign rules.
I suspect that, by having everyone request directly from the source, Wizards is looking to easily gauge the interest in the game; this is a good thing.
Now the good news: I went to the Facebook page for Baldman Games and someone asked about the forum and how to get Ashes of Athas over there. And Baldman Games posted how to get the game:
Now I don't see a "contact us" page, but there is a contact form on the About Us page.Baldman Games on Facebook wrote:Site migrated since announcement. Use contact form in website or twitter at @alphastream to get ball rolling. Thanks
(They also have a Ashes of Athas page, but that does not seem to be working at the moment.)
I would love to get in touch with Flip, so he can update the information at The Burnt World of Athas. but I can't find any contact details over there and Arena seems to have vanished. If anyone is in touch with Flip, or any other staff at The Burnt World of Athas, please pass this information on.
I hope you enjoy the game. But please remember the most important thing that Baldman Games said:
Make sure anyone you refer to Baldman Games knows this, as it may only take one person acting like a numpty to spoil the fun for everyone else.Baldman Games wrote:You cannot otherwise redistribute or share or post the files anywhere. If you do, this will likely result in Ashes of Athas distribution being closed down!


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L.Z. "Boll Weevil" MillerBy STAFF,
- 4904 reads
L.Z. "Boll Weevil" Miller
73, Foxworth
Funeral services were held at 10 a.m. on Thursday, May 9, 2019, at Hathorn Funeral Home for L.Z. "Boll Weevil" Miller, 73, of Foxworth, who died on Monday, May 6 in Hattiesburg. Burial followed in Mt. Caramel Church of God Cemetery. Bro. Daniel Smith officiated at the services. Visitation was held from 5 p.m. until 8 p.m. on Wednesday, May 8 at Hathorn Funeral Home.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Archie and Lubenia Miller, and one brother, Loyd Gene Miller.
Survivors include his wife of 54 years, Peggy Miller of Foxworth; two daughters, Leah Miller and Mandy Miller, both of Foxworth; one son, Tommy Maxwell (Cindy) of Collins; seven grandchildren, seven great-grandchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and friends.
Pallbearers were Zeak Miller, Blake Maxwell, Corey Maxwell, Regan Toon, Tray Tippet, Bryan Miller, Julio Lemus and Chip Forbes. Honorary pallbearer was Andy Miller.
Family and friends may sign an online guestbook at www.hathornfuneralhome.com.
Hathorn Funeral Home in Columbia was in charge of the arrangements.


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You take chloroquine as a tablet (orally).
Chloroquine prevents the development of
malaria parasites in the blood. Doctors use it to both
prevent and treat malaria. Chloroquine does not destroy the Plasmodium (P.)vivax and
P. ovale parasites that may remain in the liver.
To prevent some strains of malaria, you take chloroquine once, 1 to 2
weeks prior to travel to an area where malaria is present, and then weekly
while you are in the area, and weekly for 4 weeks after you depart from the
To treat malaria, you take chloroquine at several-hour
intervals and at a higher dosage than when it's taken to prevent
Chloroquine is the medicine of
choice to prevent and treat malaria in some areas of the world.
Chloroquine is effective on all five species of parasites, including some
strains of P. falciparum. But in many areas
P. falciparum is resistant to chloroquine, and other medicines must be
Chloroquine can also be used to prevent and treat
P. falciparum and P. vivax
infections in areas where drug resistance to chloroquine has not been
confirmed. These areas include Central America, the Caribbean, and parts of the
Middle East.2 Other parts of the world have confirmed
resistance to chloroquine.
Chloroquine is an effective
medicine to prevent and treat a malaria infection caused by P. ovale or P. malariae parasites. But how well it
works depends on how resistant the parasites are in the geographic location
where the malaria infection occurred.
Medicine to
prevent malaria is most effective if you take the correct dosage regularly.
It's easier to remember if you take your weekly dosage with meals on the same
day of the week each week, such as every Monday at lunch.
All medicines have side effects. But many people don't feel the side effects, or they are able to deal with them. Ask your pharmacist about the side effects of each medicine you take. Side effects are also listed in the information that comes with your medicine.
Here are some important things to think about:
Call 911 or other emergency services right away if you have:
Call your doctor if you have:
Side effects of chloroquine include:
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug
Reference is not available in all systems.)
Taking chloroquine with meals may help you avoid
an upset stomach.
Chloroquine is the most effective
medicine for preventing and treating a malaria infection caused by
P. ovale, P. malariae, or
P. knowlesi parasites.
In some areas where
malaria is common, travelers are sometimes advised to get a rabies vaccine if
they are staying longer than 30 days. If you are taking chloroquine, make sure
the rabies vaccine is injected into your muscle (intramuscular). Chloroquine
can reduce the effectiveness of this vaccine when it is injected into the skin
Medicines to prevent malaria destroy the malaria
parasite when it enters the bloodstream. To completely rid yourself of the
parasite, take the medicine for 4 weeks after you leave the area where malaria
is present.
Medicine is one of the many tools your doctor has to treat a health problem. Taking medicine as your doctor suggests will improve your health and may prevent future problems. If you don't take your medicines properly, you may be putting your health (and perhaps your life) at risk.
There are many reasons why people have trouble taking their medicine. But in most cases, there is something you can do. For suggestions on how to work around common problems, see the topic Taking Medicines as Prescribed.
If you are pregnant, breast-feeding, or planning to get pregnant, do not use any medicines unless your doctor tells you to. Some medicines can harm your baby. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, herbs, and supplements. And make sure that all your doctors know that you are pregnant, breast-feeding, or planning to get pregnant.
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
CitationsHill DR, et al. (2006). The practice of travel
medicine: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43(12):
1499–1539.U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010).
Yellow Book 2010. Available online:
Last Revised:
May 14, 2012
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & W. David Colby IV, MSc, MD, FRCPC - Infectious Disease
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text: Johnny Sins is a major stud, from head to toe. His masculine face and incredibly awe inspiringly defined body are all amazing; it doesn't matter if you're looking at his six-pack abs, stunning chest, powerful shoulders, sculpted back or rugged arms. He has a routine before every shoot that involves working out, eating well and looking good so that he can perform well. When he drops his pants, he shows a disproportionately large schlong that many would be envious of! All you ladies out there...Johnny's dick will blow your mind and make you fall to your knees, mouth wide open! All the girls love him and all the guys want to be him. No one pounds the girls like Mr. Sins.


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Custom Packaging
For any petroleum application, trust Caterpillar to meet your project needs with custom factory generator sets and mechanical packages. Cat engines, generators, controls, radiators, and transmissions can be custom designed and matched in collaboration with our local dealers to create unique solutions. Custom packages are globally supported and are covered by a one year warranty after startup.


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Close calls for Florida, Louisville, Saint Louis
Close calls for Florida, Louisville, Saint LouisFlorida coach Billy Donavan gestures to his team during the second half in a second-round game against Albany in the NCAA men's college basketball tournament Thursday, March 20, 2014, in Orlando, Fla. (AP Photo/John Raoux)
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) -- For Florida, Louisville and Saint Louis, the home of ''the happiest place on earth'' was nearly dreadful.
The top-seeded Gators, the fourth-seeded Cardinals and the fifth-seeded Billikens survived significant scares in their opening games of the NCAA tournament Thursday. All three avoided becoming huge upset victims in the second round.
''That's what makes March Madness so fun,'' Louisville coach Rick Pitino said.
Florida, the tournament's overall No. 1 seed, sleepwalked early and looked vulnerable late in a 67-55 win over No. 16 seed Albany.
Louisville and Saint Louis needed some late breaks. The Cardinals trailed 58-55 with about 4 minutes remaining before edging Manhattan 71-64, and the Billikens had to overcome a 16-point deficit in the second half before beating North Carolina State 83-80 in overtime.
The near-chaos started with Florida, which got a big boost from its bench in a tight game against what was supposed to be an overmatched opponent.
Sixth man Dorian Finney-Smith scored 16 points, most of them on dunks, and Florida used a second-half surge to beat Albany in the South Region.
Florida's locker room was a solemn place afterward, with coach Billy Donovan telling players ''this isn't going to be enough to keep our season going.''
The Gators (33-2), who won a school-record 27th consecutive game, vowed to play better against ninth-seeded Pittsburgh on Saturday. The Panthers (26-9) were the only team in Orlando that had an easy time Thursday. Pitt led 13-0 early and 46-18 at the break en route to beating No. 8 seed Colorado 77-48.
Louisville and Saint Louis had to work much harder.
The Cardinals staved off elimination against Manhattan, which showed everyone why Pitino wanted nothing to do with the Jaspers.
Luke Hancock hit two huge 3-pointers in the final 1:19 to help Louisville finally shake free from the tenacious Jaspers.
The Cards were outplayed for most of the second half before coming alive from behind the arc.
Russ Smith, who finished with 18 points, got things going with a game-tying 3 from the wing. Hancock delivered the knockout blows. He stole an inbound pass, got fouled and made both free throws. He hit the first of two daggers with a little more than a minute left and then sank a wide-open look from behind the arc with 28 seconds remaining.
Those shots propelled Louisville (30-5) into the round of 32, where it will face Saint Louis on Saturday in the Midwest Region.
''We needed a couple bounces to go our way,'' Hancock said. ''Nobody wants to go home on the first day. We're trying to build a legacy. This is a first step.''
Louisville is trying to become the first school since Florida in 2007 to win back-to-back titles.
While many questioned why the Cardinals were given a No. 4 seed, Pitino criticized the selection committee for pitting his team against 13th-seeded Manhattan, which is coached by Pitino's former assistant, Steve Masiello.
Masiello served as Pitino's ball boy with the NBA's New York Knicks in the 1980s, played for him at Kentucky (1996-1997) and then spent another six years coaching alongside him at Louisville (2005-11). They know each other inside and out, with Masiello molding Manhattan to mirror the Cardinals.
And it showed.
The Jaspers attacked Louisville's weaknesses and gave the Cards fits on the defensive end. Masiello was at times calling out Louisville's plays.
''That's one of the best coaching jobs that I have seen in my 39 years,'' Pitino said.
Saint Louis needed five extra minutes to avoid joining fellow No. 5's Cincinnati and Oklahoma in falling to 12th seeds in the tournament. The Billikens advanced by wiping out a late double-digit deficit.
Rob Loe led the way with 22 points and 15 rebounds. Jordair Jett overcame a slow start to score 18, doing most of his damage while Saint Louis (27-6) was escaping a 59-45 hole over the last five minutes of regulation.
''We didn't want to end on that kind of note. We didn't want to bow out of the tournament this early,'' Loe said. ''We're here to win, and we're here to put our mark on basketball.''
With better free throw shooting, Saint Louis would have won without having to work overtime against a team playing its second game in three nights.
NC State beat Xavier in an opening-round game, and fatigue could have been a factor in the Wolfpack collapsing late and missing 17 attempts from the foul line.
''It's heartbreaking. ... Obviously we're going to always feel like we let one slip away,'' NC State coach Mark Gottfried said. ''It's hard to explain. We're a good foul shooting team.''


text:
Take a proactive, collaborative approach to protect your business from threats
IT leaders increasingly realize that passive defense isn't enough to deter hackers. By empowering security and IT operations teams to go on the offensive, your organization can close gaps and prevent attacks before they disrupt your business. Learn how you can:
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Enable a coordinated approach to protect your IT assets from the data center to the cloud.


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We are members of IAGTO (International Association of Golf Tour Operators).
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I have been away from the blog for a while for family and work reasons. With Iran back in the headlines, it's time for more updates. But first some good local news.
Sharnush Parsipur at Washington University
This week, we hosted one of the most prominent Iranian Writers of the 20th and the 21st century on the campus of Washington University. Parsipur, the author of Women Without Men and Touba and the Meaning of the Night, among many other great titles, was here to speak with students in Advanced Persian who had read Women without Men. In addition to writing her own wonderful work, Parsipur has been a powerful advocate for creativity, freedom, and human rights in Iran, ideals for which she has endured many prison sentences. Now living in the United States, Parsipur continues to write novel after novel. The two novels I mentioned here both exist in English translation and, hopefully, others will follow. Read more about her here.
Alleged Iranian Murder Plot on the American Soil
The Iranian and the American government don't seem to be able to live without accusing each other. By now you have all been reading about this one. According to American officials: The Iranian Quds Force used an Iranian-American Used-car Dealer, and $1.5 million, to hire assassins from a Mexican drug cartel to murder the Saudi Arabian Ambassador and attack the Israeli Embassy. Much has been said about this and skepticism about the news has been a feature of most reports. English Aljazeera called it the fast and furious plot to occupy Iran A more neutral – but still critical – article by Reza Marashi and Trita Parsi appeared on Huffington Post soon after the news broke out. The piece called The "come to Jesus" moment in US Iran relations criticized the scenario for its sloppiness quoting Robert Baer, a former CIA case officer in the Middle East say the "Quds Force has never been this sloppy, using untested proxies, contracting with Mexican drug cartels, sending money through New York bank accounts, and putting its agents on U.S. soil where they risk being caught… The Quds Force is simply better than this." See the full article here.
A central question, raised by many, is what could Iran have gained by having the Saudi Ambassador murdered. If anything, the Iranian government has been trying to build a steady relationships with its neighboring countries. It'll be interesting to see what other details about this case may emerge. For now, I leave you with three interesting pieces, one about the personality of the alleged terrorist here, one on the Justice department conceding "no conclusive proof" here. And the third, an interesting analysis by the ex-CIA officer here.
Iran's Reaction to the Allegations of a Murder Plot
The alleged murder plot has united the various factions – if momentarily – inside Iran. The Iranian leader described the allegations as absurd and a way to distract the American people from the protests taking place in the U.S., here. As for the Quds force, one of its top leaders boasted that if they had such intentions they could assassinate King Abd'allah himself without coming to the US soil.
Iran Blames the Outlawed MKO for the Murder Plot
The Iranian government is pointing its finger toward the outlawed Iranian dissidents Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MKO) as the force behind the plot, here. The MKO has been working hard recently to get its name off the terrorist list in the US and has such supports as John Bolton (U.S. Permanent Representative to the UN, 2005-06) among American politicians.
The MKO participated in the Iraqi invasion of the southern parts of Iran by Saddam Husein's Army which led to an eight year war (1980-88) between Iran and Iraq and the use of chemical weapons by Saddam forces on Iranian soldiers and civilians.
Weather in this case the MKO is involved is not yet clear. However, the organization pursues a policy of preventing normalization of relations between US and Iran and prefers military confrontation between the two countries. For this reason, the MKO has been condemning any peace activism with Iran, considering such activists "lobbyists for Iran." Recently, The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) which sends peace delegations to Iran and many other countries around the world regardless of their government's relationship with the U.S., posted an article in Persian on its main website to refute the MKO accusation that its members are lobbyists for the Iranian government, here.
The Real Problem with Alleged Terror Plots
The real problem with these inflated and frequently unprovable allegations is that they form the main headlines about Iran and mask the real problems in the country: the crimes which are being committed against Iranian citizens in Iranian jails.
Just over a month ago, President Ahmadinejad made his annual UN speech and the usual round of interviews in which he claimed again and again no one is harmed in Iran for criticizing him. Guess what? This is not true:
The "crime" that the Tehran University student Peyman Aref had committed was writing an open letter to President Ahmadinejad complaining of student and faculty purges which are designed to eliminate the presence of the opposition in Iranian universities. The government claims that the tone of the letter did not show enough respect to the President.
The reason why Payman needed to be helped to the car by his wife and friends is that in addition to serving a year in jail, he received 74 lashes upon his release. This what his back looked like after the punishment:
Opposition to Gender Segregation Continues
Despite the harshness of the punishments awaiting any form of opposition, Iranian university students continue to voice their objection to the deteriorating social conditions, lack of freedom, in the country. One of the most controversial issues is the current governments attempt to start a process of gender segregation in the universities. The clip below shows a demonstration in Zanjaan University protesting a possible segregation:
Other students in various universities across the country are protesting the plans for gender segregation.
Time for Some Visual Healing
I usually close this window with images of paintings by Iranian women painters. This time, I am going to leave you with beautifully expressive images of Iranian women painted by an Iranian mail artist Afshin Nikravesh. Nikravesh was born in 1968 in Tehran and his main training is in Hydraulic structures!
In fact the main theme of June Exhibit of the paintings by Nikravesh were women. Here is one in a white scarf:
Last but not least, this beautiful silhouette of a young woman:
Before closing this window, a brief personal news. You read these windows in many different parts of the world and are always kind to ask to be informed if I am speaking anywhere near where you live. Well, I'll be speaking at Pomona College next week, and at NYU in the Iranian Studies Initiative soon after than. You can visit the site here.
Have a great weekend!


text:
Twin 72" x 95"
Full 80" x 95"
Queen 90" x 95"
King 110" x 95"
All Brahms Mount textiles are prewashed and preshrunk
All Brahms Mount products are made in the USA
Feel-Good Fibers
Sustainability is not a new idea at Brahms Mount. Natural fibers and earth-friendly practices were woven into the fabric of our company from day one. Every part of our process, from sourcing yarns to manufacturing products, involves making choices with minimal impact. We use colorfast, eco-friendly dyes to achieve our vibrant hues. We follow the safest possible methods to give our whites their characteristic brightness. Our natural fibers are just that – pure and undyed, with a clean, untreated finish. Feel-good fibers, in every sense.
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I really hesitated for awhile before buying it because of the price, although I knew that it would be worth every penny (reading about the company, the artisans who do this and operate the special old looms, the detailed descriptions of their products and care instructions, and, of course, made right here in America). I live in San Francisco and the nights can be cold. Although I have a light weight down comforter, I've been really cold for some time when the temperature dips. The first time I spread the blanket over my bed and got in under it, the experience was pure bliss. No weight to speak of, yet total encapsulating warmth. The feel of it, the wonderful way it drapes, just the gorgeousness of this quality blanket, is a gift to oneself or to another. Really a bargain for such quality, with or without a sale. Thank you Brahms Mount!Posted by Katie on 6/21/13
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This blanket is worth every penny. It keeps me toasty warm and the hand of it is just remarkable. Absolute luxury. And practicality.
Warmest Regards,
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- Great Customer Service
Posted by Carl on 4/29/12
All Brahms Mount blankets and throws are pre-washed and pre-shrunk. While our products have the ease of home washing and drying, they are still made of natural fibers and should be cared for accordingly.
- Wash separately in cold water on a short, gentle cycle, with as much water as possible to allow for movement
- Avoid harsh detergents
- Use a liquid detergent without bleach or brighteners
- Always pre-dilute your detergent
Careful drying is really important. Tumble dry on a delicate setting, low to no heat. Remove promptly. Do not overdry.
Brahms Mount keeps rolls of woven fabric on our shelves. An in stock product may not yet be finished and ready to ship. For this reason, all orders should be expected to ship within two weeks.


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MKT 10 is a lightweight and easily portable handheld Millikelvin...
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MKT 50 is a portable Millikelvin Thermometer which measures...
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Millikelvin thermometer
In combination with two highly precise Platinium Resistance Thermometers your MKT 50 Millikelvin Thermometer measures the temperature to the highest level of accuracy. It has a resolution of 0.0001 ॰C (0.1 mK). The measuring uncertainty over the whole measuring range is 0.001 ॰C (= 1 mK).
Temperature calculation according to conventional methods is easy with MKT 50. The Thermometers are characterized by high stability and easy adjustment as well as modern interfaces such as LAN connection (Ethernet), serial interface RS-232 and mains adapter battery operation.
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