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by KC Gonzalez
Public Affairs Specialist
The Water Institute of Texas (WIT) brought local, state and national experts to the UTSA Downtown Campus on October 4, 2013 for a daylong symposium to share insight into Texas' primary water issues: long-term water availability and water regulation. Seventy-five people attended the first public event hosted by WIT since it was launched in 2012.
According to Tom Papagiannakis, WIT interim director and Robert F. McDermontt Professor and Chair of the UTSA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, "We have brought in experts from across the country to discuss the state of the art in water science and how to apply these principles in everyday life. New technology can predict floods and give us an overview of how to control our water. Technology is very important in helping us determine how much water we have and how to better manage it. Technology can give us solutions."
The Symposium stimulated a frank discussion on how existing water supplies can be combined with the available water harvesting and transporting options in San Antonio and the surrounding region. To satisfy future water needs in this area, topics of discussion included projected population increases, as well as the anticipated changes in industrial activity (including power generation) and agricultural use.
UTSA environmental science doctoral student Sepehr Rezaeimalek said, "As a Ph.D. student, I am going to work on numerical simulations and see how some of these well-known people are doing their simulations. Their approach was quite impressive. Overall, in a nutshell, I found the presentations very helpful and useful."
Mauli Agrawal, interim UTSA vice president for research, welcomed the audience and Kevin Wolff, Bexar County commissioner, set the stage. "San Antonio and Bexar County lead the way in water conservation for the state, if not the nation. In fact, over the last 20 years, San Antonio has doubled in size and yet we consume the same amount of water we did 20 years ago. So that tells you that over time, we've been able to institute a culture of conservation."
Soroosh Sorooshian, director of the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing and Distinguished Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth System Science at the University of California, Irvine, provided the keynote presentation on long-term water availability. Other experts, addressing the same topic, included David Maidment, Hussein M. Alharthy Centennial Chair in Civil Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin; Dan Hardin of the Texas Water Development Board; and Alan Dutton, WIT assistant director and chair of the UTSA Department of Geological Sciences.
Robert Gulley, recently retired executive director of the Habitat Conservation Program at the Edwards Aquifer Authority, provided a keynote presentation on the history of the water regulatory environment. Additional experts speaking about water regulation included Robert Puente, CEO of the San Antonio Water System; Suzanne Scott, general manager of the San Antonio River Authority; and Francine Romero, associate dean of the UTSA College of Public Policy.
"The importance of the issue cannot be overstated given the vital role of water in the future growth and prosperity of the San Antonio metropolitan area," Papagiannakis said.


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The Red vs. Blue team from Rooster Teeth's machinima series take a look at the "normal soldiers" of Halo 3: ODST.
Their reaction was pretty much the same reaction I have to a new Halo game. I think, "Hooray! I shall be at the same skill level as many other people for a short period of time!" Unfortunately that short period of time is around 15 minute, give or take, so the elation generally doesn't last long. After a half hour, the advanced players have already found out how to teleport directly into the game's code to attack the AI programming, while I am still trying to not sticky grenade myself.

subset: commoncrawl


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Decal Orders
Treat your Delica by ordering Delica Canada decals today!
Our high-quality vinyl decals are designed to be mounted on exterior glass.
Cost is $3.00 per Decal, plus $1.00 per order to cover delivery by mail
Use the form below to let us know the quantities and decal types that you would like.


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You know those jokes about how Twitter's only good for telling people what flavor coffee you order? Hugo Chavez respectfully disagrees. He's been using Twitter to govern Venezuela while he's holed up in Cuba.
Chavez is in Cuba recovering from surgery to remove a cancerous tumor. But he's taken to Twitter to keep in touch with his countrymen, including his Cabinet:
Chavez greeted Cabinet ministers and touted a public housing construction program. He said he had approved the equivalent of more than $25 million for a new trash-collection company in Caracas, $51 million for a state government and $37 million for the organization Frente Francisco de Miranda, which promotes efforts to transform Venezuela into a socialist state.
At least he's not holding legislative votes via Facebook polls. [@chavezcandanga, AP via TheNextWeb]
Image credit: Getty Images


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The Dark Animus 10hc topic was quite useful so I figured perhaps people have some advice for lei shen 10hc.
Currently getting to the second transition, getting past the first transition without casualties is our current main issue so we waste alot of attempts on that.
Any input overall is welcome tho.


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Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual
Common Name: Autumn Olive
Scientific Name: Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.)
Autumn olive is an introduced, fast-growing woody shrub in the Elaeagnaceae (Oleaster) family. Used extensively for wildlife habitat, strip mine revegetation, and shelter belts, autumn olive thrives in disturbed areas open to full sun. It is adaptive, competitive, and vigorous, especially on open, sunny sites and it produces abundant fruit crops.
Management Recommendations
Mechanical Controls
Cutting: Cut trees at ground level with power or manual saws. Cutting is most effective when trees have begun to flower to prevent seed production. Because autumn olive spreads by suckering, resprouts are common after treatment. Cutting is an initial control measure, and success will require either an herbicidal control or repeated cutting of resprouts.
Girdling: Use this method on large trees where the use of herbicides is not practical. Using a hand-axe, make a cut through the bark encircling the base of the tree, approximately 15 cm (6 in) above the ground. Be sure that the cut goes well into or below the cambium layer. This method will kill the top of the tree but resprouts are common, and may require follow-up treatments for several years until roots are exhausted.
Hand Pulling: Autumn olive is effectively controlled by manual removal of young seedlings. Plants should be pulled as soon as they are large enough to grasp, but before they produce seeds. Seedlings are best pulled after a rain when the soil is loose. The entire root must be removed since broken fragments may resprout.
Herbicidal Controls
Foliar Spray Method: This method should be considered for large thickets of autumn olive seedlings where risk to non-target species is minimal. Air temperature should be above 65°F to ensure absorption of herbicides.
Glyphosate: Apply a 2% solution of glyphosate and water plus a 0.5% non-ionic surfactant to thoroughly wet all leaves. Use a low pressure and coarse spray pattern to reduce spray drift damage to non-target species. Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide that may kill non-target, partially-sprayed plants.
Triclopyr: Apply a 2% solution of triclopyr and water plus a 0.5% non-ionic surfactant to thoroughly wet all leaves. Use a low pressure and coarse spray pattern to reduce spray drift damage to non-target species. Triclopyr is a selective herbicide for broadleaf species. In areas where desirable grasses are growing under or around autumn olive, triclopyr can be used without non-target damage.
Cut Stump Method: This control method should be considered when treating individual trees or where the presence of desirable species preclude foliar application. Stump treatments can be used as long as the ground is not frozen.
Glyphosate: Horizontally cut stems at or near ground level. Immediately apply a 50% solution of glyphosate and water to the cut stump, covering the outer 20% of the stump.
Triclopyr: Horizontally cut stems at or near ground level. Immediately apply a 50% solution of triclopyr and water to the cut stump, covering the outer 20% of the stump.
Basal Bark Method: This method is effective throughout the year as long as the ground is not frozen. Apply a mixture of 25% triclopyr and 75% horticultural oil to the basal parts of the tree to a height of 30-38 cm (12-15 in) from the ground. Thorough wetting is necessary for good control; spray until run-off is noticeable at the ground line.
Eckardt, N. Autumn olive: element stewardship abstract. The Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN; 1987.
Kuhns, L. J. Controlling autumn olive with herbicides. Proceedings 40th Annual Meeting. Northeast Weed Science Society. 289-294; 1986.
Rehder, A. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs. Vol. 1, 2nd ed. Portland, OR: Dioscorides Press; 1990.
Symonds, G. The shrub identification book. New York, NY: William Morrow & Co., 262-263; 1963.
Szafoni, R. E. Vegetation management guideline: autumn olive, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb., Natural Areas Journal 11(2):121-123; 1991.
The Bugwood Network - The University of Georgia
College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences and
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources
Questions and/or comments to: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Join the weekly Classic Castle set review discussion. Please post your opinions on the set play ability, piece selection, design, etc. Which sets stand up to our catapult of critique and which ones crumble in shame!
This week's set is 309/1309 Church.
The set was produced in several versions between 1957 and 1962. There are three varieties of printed bricks including "AD 1762" in blue and "1762" and "Anno 1762" in black.
Large bricks without tubes (2x3, 2x4, and 2x8) are found in some copies of the 1309 version produced in 1957. The rare flat pine tree is only found in this set and tree accessory packs.
The church features an entrance tower, nave with tall windows, and curved narthex. It includes common features of Danish churches such as dates on the front tower, a whitewashed exterior, red tile roof, and stepped gable parapet walls. These features were often Renaissance modifications of existing medieval churches.


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We're stumped trying to unravel a murder mystery that clearly not even bumbling self-styled neo-noir private detective Jonathan Ames of "Bored to Death" could solve: Why did HBO just knock off two of the best quirky comedies on television?
Variety reported Tuesday that the network rightly hailed for high-quality programming canceled "Bored to Death" and "Hung," as well as "How to Make It in America," a promising show that hadn't yet fully captured our imagination.
"Bored" and "Hung," two very different comedies, have at least one major commonality – even before getting dumped on the same day: They're both, laughter aside, about guys struggling to find their place in a changing world. Both shows deserve to find a new place of their own, amid a shifting entertainment landscape.
Are you listening, Netflix?
Or FX? Or Comedy Central? Or even HBO, which canceled – and then un-canceled – "The Life & Times of Tim," an animated comedy about another guy unsure about his role that thankfully returned for a third season last week.
Despite the explosion of web and TV outlets, it's not easy these days for comedies that straddle cult appeal and the mainstream. "Family Guy" twice survived relatively brief cancelations, though it took "Futurama" five years to make a comeback. "Arrested Development," scrapped by Fox in 2006, is set to return for new episodes, via Netflix, in 2013, before hitting theaters. Comedy Central gave up on "The Sarah Silverman Program," though she's got a deal with NBC for a pilot for a new show.
Louis C.K.'s irreverent non-sitcom enjoys a home on FX, which also gave us the hilariously bawdy "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia." But even amid his growing popularity, C.K. found himself recently selling his latest standup special on the Internet for $5 after HBO, among other outlets, reportedly didn't want to deal with him. His potentially game-changing gambit paid off, thanks to fans.
Even if the ratings were down, "Hung" and "Bored" just capped creatively strong third seasons that took them far beyond the novelty of their premises – fulfilling much of the network's investment into shows whose descriptions aren't exactly TV Guide friendly.
"Hung" stars recently announced Golden Globe nominee Thomas Jane as Ray Drecker, a down-on-his-luck Detroit teacher and former high school sports hero who exploits the attribute referred to in the show's title to make a living, via well-heeled lonely ladies.
This season, Ray saw his growing business get challenged by rivals – including a younger, if dim, stud. Ray survived a cop with a violence fetish and showed his sensitive side dealing with a transgender client. His unlikely partner is Jane Adams' Tanya, an unhinged poet-turned-pimp, who has convinced herself it's their duty to spread "happiness" through depressed Detroit.
The season – and quite possibly the series – ended with the duo stealing valuable cows from the farm hideaway of an old-school pimp to settle a debt, just as they were quite possibly being framed for murder. The dark comic absurdity helped highlight themes of lost youth – and the struggle to reclaim an American dream that's as much an illusion as the happiness Ray peddles in his not-so-secret second life.
"Bored" stars Jason Schwartzman as Jonathan, a lovelorn young writer who escapes his woes through his own second life as a Craigslist gumshoe for hire. Jonathan is aided by his best pal, Ray (Zach Galifianakis), an angst-filled, schlubby comic book writer who spent much of the past season indulging his newfound love for much older women (including a widow played by 80-year-old Olympia Dukakis). The biggest revelation here, though, is Ted Danson's George, a sixty-something former high-flying magazine editor turned restaurateur who shares a love of pot and adventure with his younger buddies.
Sure, Jonathan may get in the middle of an orgy of stuffed-animal fetishists and wreak havoc on Dick Cavett's set. But the season of silly and slapstick comedy helped fuel a sweet meditation on the meaning of fatherhood, via Jonathan's search for his biological father, Ray's growing kinship with his baby son and George's efforts to repair his relationship with his adult daughter.
The show is very New York-centric – but then again, so was "Seinfeld." The "Bored" male trio of Jonathan, Ray and George are worthy successors to Jerry, George and Kramer, even if they don't pull in the same ratings.
The season opener of "Bored to Death" ended with Jonathan hanging from Brooklyn's Williamsburgh Savings Bank clock tower, Harold Lloyd-style, waiting for his friends to rescue him.
Here's hoping that a savior for "Bored" and "Hung" will appear quickly and turn back time.
Hester is founding director of the award-winning, multi-media NYCity News Service at the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism. He is the former City Editor of the New York Daily News, where he started as a reporter in 1992. Follow him on Twitter.


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The best way to discover this city is to rent a car and make great private trip and explore entire city or country. You can hire small vehicle for affordable rate and enjoy roads of this city. Need to rent a car for the weekend? For the entire week and go somewhere with a big car for family vacations? Take advantage of our car rental and rent a car that will be just fine for you. Maxi Car Hire offers rental cars of all kinds, for example, rent a small car, or larger type vehicles sedan and hatchback and combi like VW, Ford, Fiat and other brands. Maxi Car hire offers luxury and VIP vehicles like the Audi A8 automatic, BMW, Mercedes, bigger cars like the BMW X5.
Car Hire Sioux Falls - Downtown
Sioux Falls - Downtown
Car Hire Airport
Maxi Car Hire blog
Alicante easy car hire
Alicante, originally known as Lucentum, which translates to "City of Lights", is a Spanish town which boasts of fantastic beaches, amazing weather, adventure sports and a whole lot more. And as with every other Spanish destination, there are entertainment options and nightlife galore in Alicante too. This Spanish town, which lies on the coast of Costa Blanca, has a dependable public transport system too. ...
Car hire in Party Capital of the World- Ibiza
Ibiza is the place where party goers converge every year to spend some memorable time on this Spanish island. Ibiza, home to some of the best DJs around the world, is right called the party capital of the world. But apparently, there is more to Ibiza than its scintillating parties and crazy music. There is water sports, adventure, shopping and a whole lot more to be explored on this island. ...
Cheap car hire in Mallorca
Spain is often associated with pretty beaches and scintillating parties that go on throughout the night. While Mallorca does retain those quintessential Spanish characteristics, there is more to Mallorca than its nightlife. And to explore all that, the best way is to opt for car rental services in the city. Although the city does have its share of trains and buses, their frequency cannot be trusted at times. As for the taxis, they can be too heavy on your pocket. With car rental, you get the best of both worlds- convenient travel at your own pace at value for money prices. ...


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Dear Abby
DEAR ABBY: My parents are in their 80s. I have two brothers. "Pete," the oldest, is in his 50s and lives with them. "Dave" lives next door. My parents support them both financially. Neither one works or even tries to find a job. Both of them are addicted to meth, and one is hooked on prescription pills as well. My parents know it but enable them by paying their bills.
Pete and Dave steal and blame each other or any innocent family member who comes to visit. My parents are in total denial. There is major drug use going on every day, as well as potential violence. Pete and Dave threaten to shoot people all the time.
Part of me understands it's none of my business, and I have no desire to be around such dysfunction. The other part of me is furious and wants to put a stop to them using my parents. If I offer suggestions to my parents -- such as cutting off Pete and Dave -- they get mad at ME!
I'm ready to sever all ties because there's no stopping this train wreck. I think my parents actually enjoy paying for my two 50-something brothers so they can stay high, never grow up and always be dependent. Any advice? -- NO NAME IN THE SOUTHWEST
DEAR NO NAME: I agree there is nothing you can do to "save" your parents -- or your brothers, for that matter. Their patterns are too well established. You can, however, save yourself.
If seeing them is too painful, you have my permission to distance yourself from what appears to be their unhealthy symbiotic situation.
DEAR ABBY: I live in a generally quiet neighborhood, but my next-door neighbors yell at each other and their children a lot. The shouting sounds like it is escalating.
This morning, the father yelled at his young son, telling him to name the letters of the alphabet he was pointing to. His "lesson" was filled with anger and profanity when the boy made mistakes. It was finally interrupted by the mother, shouting for him to stop. He then screamed, "Shut your mouth!" and she responded, "Don't you TOUCH me!"
I don't know what to do. At what point should I call the police, or is this none of my business? -- WORRIED NEIGHBOR IN CALIFORNIA
DEAR WORRIED NEIGHBOR: The turmoil in that household isn't healthy for the children. The next time the father starts shouting, call the police to report a "domestic disturbance." The verbal abuse could very well escalate to physical violence (if it hasn't already).
DEAR ABBY: My brother-in-law, a doctor, had an affair a few years ago with his nurse. It destroyed his more than 20-year marriage to my former sister-in-law. He married the nurse.
I want nothing to do with him or his new wife now. He stayed with us for a while and lied about the affair. I have no respect for either of them. I usually ignore them at family gatherings because I don't like to associate with people who do not share my values. Abby, do you think I should accept his new wife? -- PRINCIPLED IN DAYTON
DEAR PRINCIPLED: Good manners dictate that when you see them you be civil to them. It doesn't have to extend beyond, "Hello. How are you?" and moving on to talk with other relatives -- and it doesn't indicate "acceptance."
Dear Abby is written by Abigail Van Buren, also known as Jeanne Phillips, and was founded by her mother, Pauline Phillips. Write Dear Abby at www.DearAbby.com or P.O. Box 69440, Los Angeles, CA 90069.


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Chocolate Dipped Frozen Chocolate Chip Toffee Crunch Cheesecake
My family and friends know that I LOVE cheesecake.. Eli's is well known across the country for their cheesecake, and it calls Chicago home. This cheesecake was so rich and creamy, it was awesome!
The Bean Queen: Taste of Chicago
Source: jenn-thebeanqueen.blogspot.com
One of the things that Laura and I were both looking forward to on our trip to Chicago was attending the Annual Taste of Chicago Food Festival. I think this is one of the biggest such festivals in the country, it lasts for 10 days! …


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This jumper features a contemporary colour block striped sleeve design, as a nod to this season's iconic colours. Featuring a cropped length and set in sleeves, it has a classic crew neck and is a relaxed, boxy fit through the body. Crafted from a mid-weight Merino and finished with a deep rib hem. Wear it with denim for effortless off-duty style.
Model wears a Small.


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TC++ was the most awesome and successful physics file on Simplici7y.
...At least that's what I tell myself when I'm crying myself to sleep at night.
I had this post in reply to other things in the thread, but it disappeared because my web browser is a dumb ass. So you'll have to live with not know what witty comments I may have made. Poor you.


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On Hiatus
OilCan Drive is the story of an outlaw rock and roll band traveling through the futuristic wastelands of America in a stolen airship. With an ex-hockey player as its lead singer, a former soldier playing lead guitar, a runaway girl on drums, and a giant gorilla playing bass guitar; it's a post-apocalyptic Western with a rock and roll soundtrack. It's Josie and the Pussycats meets Joss Whedon's Firefly. It's the story of a band that is, literally, on the run.


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You can get one more entry in, and that is by either posting about this new collection/giveaway on your blog, posting the link to your Facebook page encouraging your friends to come check it out, or tweet about it on twitter. Once you have done this, come back and leave just ONE MORE comment with a link to where you have posted. Please note that you only get one extra chance at the giveaway. Feel free to do all 3 if you like, but it still only equals to one extra entry into the giveaway.
You have until January 30th at midnight to post a comment. The winner will be posted on January 31st!!
Come back tomorrow for another look into the third and final Glitz Design collection for this release! And make sure you comment on the first collection post as well!
Afternoon Muse reveal


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Customer Reviews
Average Rating:
(based on 5 reviews)
By Bethany R Helmich
Lone Rock, WI
October 18, 2014
Lone Rock, WI
October 18, 2014
"This is exactly what I was looking for. The stitching is crisp and the silver accents are bright."
November 03, 2014
"I am giving this as a gift. Beyond expectations every time. Thank you, Bronners!!!"
December 18, 2014
"Great quality. Personalization was beautiful. Would highly recommend."
December 25, 2014
"Beautifully crafted. It closely matched the red ones we bought years ago. The lettering matched too."
December 25, 2014
"LOVE these! They came perfect as the description. I would highly recommend."


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I've always wished I could document my own code with Haddock even when it isn't exported. Today I was exploring the Haddock code-base (which contains a fair number of Haddock-comments) and wanted an easier way to read it.
First I tried `cabal haddock –hyperlink-source`. It only documented Distribution.Haddock because that's the only exported module of the library! `cabal haddock -v` told me that it was passing `–hide=all the other-modules` to haddock, which I couldn't reverse with `cabal –haddock-option`. The only way to "fix" that was to hack haddock.cabal so that all modules appear under an `exported-modules:` clause (which is only allowed under `library`, not `executable`, so I had to spuriously merge the executable section into the library section). Yay! Then I had to remove Haddock.Types's {-# OPTIONS_HADDOCK hide #-} which was causing a bit of trouble.
Adding –haddock-option=–ignore-all-exports includes non-exported functions in the documentation, which can be helpful or unhelpful. I wish it had a mode to include the un-exported stuff *after* all the exported stuff, with a clear separation. As a side note, –ignore-all-exports also "breaks" docs of Distribution.Haddock and any module that re-exports things from other modules, currently…
HsColour is pretty cool too, but it would be even cooler if it hyperlinked all the identifiers in the source, like Haddock does… hmm.
EDIT: I forgot to attach my actual silly patch to Haddock. Can't find out how to get WordPress to let me upload it either. oh well, here it is: gee, I can't even get it to turn into a link, here on Linux?: http://isaac.cedarswampstudios.org/2009/isaacs-silly-haddock-self-doc.dpatch


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Suborder: Haplorrhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Family: Pitheciidae
Subfamily: Pitheciinae
Genus: Chiropotes
Species: C. albinasus, C. chiropotes, C. israelita, C. satanas, C. utahicki
Other names: C. albinasus: white-nosed saki, red-nosed saki,
white-nosed bearded saki, red-nosed bearded saki; hvidnæset saki (Danish);
witneussaki (Dutch); valkonenäpartasaki (Finnish); saki à nez blanc
(French), weißnasensaki (German); saki dal naso bianco (Italian);
cuxiú, cuxiú-de-nariz-branco (Portuguese); saki de nariz blanca, saki
nariblanco (Spanish); vitnäst saki, vitnosad satansapa, vitnossaki
(Swedish); C. chiropotes: C. israelita, red-backed bearded
saki; C. israelita: brown-backed bearded saki, bearded saki; cuxiú (Portuguese);
capuchinos del Orinoco, mono barbudo (Spanish); C. satanas: C. s.
satanas, black bearded saki, bearded saki, black saki, brown-bearded saki;
satansaap (Dutch); saki nori (French); cuxiú-preto (Portuguese),
rödryggad saki, svartskäggig saki, sydamerikansk satansapa (Swedish);
C. utahicki: C. utahickae, C. s. utahicki, Uta Hick's bearded saki;
cuxiú (Portuguese).
The taxonomy of the genus Chiropotes is debated. The IUCN Red List
recognizes four species within the genus (C. albinasus, C. chiropotes, C.
satanas, and C. utahicki) with C. israelita considered to be a synonym of C.
chiropotes (http://www.redlist.org). The taxonomy proposed by Bonvicino et al.
(2003) and accepted by Groves (2005) elevates former subspecies of C. satanas
and formerly synonymous types of the genus to five full species (C. albinasus,
C. chiropotes, C. israelita, C. satanas, C. utahicki) and is used here.
The bearded saki is a medium-sized primate with a bushy, foxlike
non-prehensile tail (Hershkovitz 1985; Peetz 2001). However, during the first
two months of life, the tail of the infant is prehensile even though the tail of
adults is not (van Roosmalen et al. 1988). On the head there are tufts of hair
(coronal tufts) on both sides, and the species has a thick beard (Hershkovitz
1985). The tufts and beard are longer and thicker in males than in females
(Hershkovitz 1985). The ears are generally not visible as the fur is thick and
the shoulders and upper arms have longer hair than the rest of the body, often
looking like a cape (Ankel-Simons 2007).
C. albinasus males have a head and body length of 42.7cm (16.8 in)
and females measure 41.8cm (16.5 in). C. chiropotes males measure 39.9
cm (15.7 in) while females are 39.0 cm (15.4 in) long. C. satanas
males measure 40.6 cm (16.0 in) while females are 36.9 cm (14.5 in) long.
C. utahicki males have a head and body length averaging 39.0 cm (15.4 in)
while females measure 36.6 cm (14.4 in) (Hershkovitz 1985). On average, males
have greater body mass than females (Hershkovitz 1985). Female bearded sakis
weigh on average 2.56 kg (5.6 lb) while males average 3.06kg (6.75 lb) (Ford
& Davis 1992).
In general, the different species of bearded sakis can be distinguished by
pelage differences (Bonvicino et al. 2003).
C. israelita is
distinguished by its black extremities and the contrasting tawny-olive and
buffy-brown dorsum but overall, the body is dark-brown to black. The hairless
face, head, beard, and tail are blackish and it has a tuft of hair on either
side of the head (Bonvicino et al. 2003). C. chiropotes is black
overall, with light brown or reddish hair to mostly orange or ochre on its
back and blackish limbs, ventrum, tail, and sides (Hershkovitz 1985; Peetz
2001; Bonvicino et al. 2003). C. utahicki has a predominantly
brownish back and overall the coat is reddish-brown or buffy (Hershkovitz 1985;
Bonvicino et al. 2003). The beard and extremities are dark brown and the tail
is black-brown. (Hershkovitz 1985). C. satanas has a blackish or
blackish-brown back with only slightly darker limbs. Ventral surfaces are
blackish and the face is black but sometimes with lighter colors interspersed
(Hershkovitz 1985). C. albinasus is mostly blackish over its entire
body, including the ventral surfaces, but the nose and upper lips are a sharply
contrasting whitish color. In this species, female head tufts are less
developed in females than in males (Hershkovitz 1985).
Bearded sakis move predominantly quadrupedally (Fleagle & Mittermeier
1980; Walker 1996). For example, C. satanas moves through its
environment in a mostly quadrupedal fashion (80% of movement), but leaping (18%)
is also used and climbing is only rarely seen (Fleagle & Meldrum 1988).
During leaps, bearded sakis usually land on all fours, and often start leaps
while already moving, not from a standing start (Walker 2005). During
suspensory feeding, the non-prehensile tail of adult bearded sakis may be used
as a support (van Roosmalen et al. 1988). Bearded sakis usually travel and feed
in the higher parts of the forest canopy, although C. utahicki in at
least one study used middle forest strata (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981;
Walker 1996; Bobadilla & Ferrari 2000).
In captivity, bearded sakis have lived into their high teens (Weigl
In general, bearded sakis are found in eastern Amazonia; present in Brazil,
Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, and Venezuela (Hershkovitz 1985). The western
limit of the genus appears to be at least as far west as the Pico da Neblina
National Park, Brazil (Boubi 2002). Amongst the species, C. chiropotes
is found from southern and central Venezuela east to the mouth of the Amazon
which also forms its southern limit of distribution (Peetz 2001). C.
utahicki exists south of the Amazon and its mouth, between the Xingu and
Tocantins rivers as far south as the Serra dos Carajás and the Itacaiuna
River (Hershkovitz 1985). The distribution of C. satanas is east of C.
utahcki, extending east from the Tocantins River to likely as far as and
probably east of the Gurupú River (Hershkovitz 1985). C.
israelita is found in the Brazilian Amazonas and Roraima States, restricted
in the south and west by the Rio Negro and in the east by the Rio Branco
(Bonvicino et al. 2003). C. albinasus is restricted south of the
Amazon, meeting C. utahicki in the east at the Xingu River and range as far south
and west as the Brazilian side of the Guaporé/Iteñez river which
separates Brazil from the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia (Wallace et al. 1996;
Peetz 2001). As such, the species could conceivably be present in Bolivia as
the river is narrow at this point (Wallace et al. 1996). Bearded sakis are
present in the southwestern Brazilian state of Rondônia, but the
restricted extent of its distribution in the state appears to be west of the
Jiparaná-Pimenta Bueno river system, and the reasons for the limits of
its distribution in this region are unclear (Ferrari et al. 1999).
Bearded sakis are found in various types of forest, preferring high rain
forest but including high and low primary rainforest, high and mountain savanna
forest, transitional semi-deciduous tropical moist forest, savanna-like forest,
terre firme rain forest, southern forest, Mora forest, premontane forest,
Wallaba forest, Kanuku forest and Southeast seasonal forest. Other forms of
habitat are used as well, including riparian forests, varzea and annually
flooded forests, liana forest, igapó forest and selectively cut forests
as well as other secondary forests (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen 1981; Branch
1983; Johns & Ayres 1987; Ayres 1989; Sussman & Phillips-Conroy 1995;
Ferrari et al. 1999; Bobadilla & Ferrari 2000; Peetz 2001; Trolle 2003;
Lehman 2004; Port-Carvalho & Ferrari 2004; Lehman et al. 2006). However,
the species only uses edge habitats rarely (Mittermeier & van Roosmalen
1981). C. utahicki is somewhat more tolerant of habitat disturbance
than was previously assumed (Bobadilla & Ferrari 2000).
At one study site in Venezuela, there is a dry season from roughly December
to May, with annual rainfall totaling 134.0 cm (52.8 in). At this study site,
the average temperature is 25.6°C (78.1°F). Temperatures are lowest
in December and January and hottest in April and May (Peetz 2001).
Bearded sakis are mostly frugivorous with a high dietary component of seeds
making them seed predators (seeds are usually over half of the diet) (van
Roosmalen et al. 1981; 1988; Kinzey & Norconk 1993; Norconk & Kinzey
1994; Norconk 1996; review in Peetz 2001; Peetz 2001). In fact, this reliance
on seeds may largely exclude them from adverse affects of low rainfall on food
availability (Norconk 1996). In addition, bearded sakis have dental adaptations
which allow then to crack and access seeds in extremely hard pods. They open
hard-shelled fruits in a specialized, efficient process using their teeth (van
Roosmalen et al. 1988). Immature seeds and ripe fruit are also consumed, with a
lesser reliance on flowers and leaf stalks (van Roosmalen et al. 1988;
Port-Carvalho & Ferrari 2004). Between study sites, foods include seeds
(50.7-74.8% of diet), fleshy fruit (0-52%), flowers (0-11.4%), leaves (0-16.1%),
and insects 0.5-21%) (reviewed in Norconk 2007). At one study site in
Venezuela, up to 85 plant species were consumed, but only a small number of
preferred species made up the majority of the diet (Peetz 2001). At a study
site in Brazil, bearded sakis consumed more than a hundred species of plants
(Veiga 2005).
There are some seasonal shifts in feeding habits at one study site in
Venezuela, with highest amounts of seed feeding occurring during the dry months,
and higher amounts of fruit feeding and a reduction of seed-eating during the
wet months (Norconk 1996; Peetz 2001). However, the only true period of food
scarcity at this site was during transitions between the seasons, and the
bearded sakis coped by lengthening their daily path to find suitable foods
(Peetz 2001).
Bearded sakis actively forage for arthropods
(lepidopterans &
orthopterans, including insects, larvae, spiders, caterpillars, cicadas, and
ants), but such foods represent a dietary supplement and are only a minor food
source (Mittermeier et al. 1983; Frazão 1991; Norconk 1996; Peetz 2001;
Veiga 2005; Veiga & Ferrari 2006). Geophagy is also recorded for bearded
sakis, with individuals seen taking and eating soil from an arboreal termite
nest (Veiga & Ferrari 2007).
Bearded sakis are diurnal primates, with activity occurring between soon after
sunup to right before sundown (Silva & Ferrari 2009). Most of the day
is spent traveling and feeding, with less time engaged in
resting, foraging, and in social behavior (Veiga 2005; Silva & Ferrari
2009). In Venezuela, bearded sakis monkeys (C. chiropotes) living on an island spent their time
feeding (37.0%), foraging (10.1%), traveling (18.7%), nesting (21.4%) and in
other activities (12.8%) (Peetz 2001). Sleeping sites are usually among the
tallest trees available, and are usually different from night to night (Peetz
2001). Sleep occurs in tall trees with the tail curled around the body (Silva
& Ferrari 2009).
Recorded home ranges of groups in continuous forest are 2.5-3.5 km²
(0.97-1.35 mi²)(C. albinsasus), 1.42 km² (0.57 mi²)and 2.0-5.59 km² (0.77-2.16
mi²)(C. chiropotes) and 0.69 km² and 0.8 km² (0.27 and 0.31 mi²)(C.
satanas) (Ayres 1981 cited in Ayres 1989; van Roosmalen et al. 1981; Peetz
2001; Veiga 2005; Boyle et al. 2008, 2009; Silva & Ferrari 2009). Between study
sites and species, Chiropotes day range averages are between 1097-3200 m
(3599.1-(10498.7 feet) (range 240-4500m (787.4-14763.8 ft) (van Roosmalen et al.
1981; Norconk & Kinzey 1994; review in Peetz 2001; review in Norconk
2007; Boyle et al. 2009).
Bearded sakis are sympatric with a number of other primate species across
their range, including Alouatta spp.,
Aotus spp.,
Ateles spp.,
Cebus spp.,
Pithecia spp.,
Saguinus spp.,
and Saimiri spp. (van Roosmalen et al. 1981; Norconk &
Kinzey 1994; Bobadilla & Ferrari 1998; 2000; Wright 2004; Silva &
Ferrari 2009). Even though bearded sakis and Ateles spp. are sympatric and both are
frugivorous, there is little competition between the two genera due to different preferences for fruit ripeness and fruit parts (Norconk
& Kinzey 1994). However, agonistic
encounters sometimes occur between Cebus spp. and bearded sakis when
they are both feeding in the same tree and sometimes Alouatta spp. are
displaced by bearded sakis or vice versa (Silva & Ferrari 2009; Sarah Boyle pers. comm.). Interspecific
associations of Chiropotes with Cebus spp. and Saimiri sciureus have been seen,
during which activities are synchronized between the species (van Roosmalen et
al. 1981; Silva & Ferrari 2009).
A boa constrictor (Boa constrictor) was recorded killing an adult bearded
saki 8 meters (26.2 ft) above the ground (Ferrari et al. 2004). Harpy eagles
(Harpia harpyja) have been seen taking adult male bearded sakis (Martins et al.
Content last modified: June 26, 2009
Written by Kurt Gron. Reviewed by Sarah Boyle.
Cite this page as:Gron KJ. 2009 June 26. Primate Factsheets: Bearded saki (Chiropotes) Taxonomy, Morphology, & Ecology . <http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/bearded_saki>. Accessed 2020 July 6.
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text:
A big mountain lion remembered
The following passage is quoted from A History of Muhlenberg County (pp 114-116), written by Otto Arthur Rothert and published in Louisville, KY, by J. P. Morton in 1913. I've divided the paragraphs and added some punctuation and words in brackets to make the passage easier to read on the screen. The Mud River, mentioned in the cougar story, forms the eastern boundary line of Muhlenberg County today.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Speaking to me of the old days, Judge David J. Fleming said :
I have often heard my father, Samuel C. Fleming, tell of an incident that took place about the year 1815, or shortly after my grandparents settled in the Mud River country.
Ammunition was scarce in those days, but game was plentiful and easily caught. My grandfather, David L. Fleming,had cleared a small field, in which he built a turkey-pen for the purpose of trapping wild turkeys. One day at dinner my grandfather told my father, then a boy of about ten, to go over to the turkey-pen after dinner and see whether any turkeys were in it.
Shortly before supper, [my] father walked over to the pen, but found no turkeys nor any signs. On his return he followed a path through a strip of dense woods. Soon after entering the woods, he heard a noise like a crying child. He glanced around, and seeing nothing, rushed home and told his father, who was then in the blacksmith's shop at work. [My grandfather]... remarked that he had often heard a "child" crying in the woods at night, but never before so early in the evening.
Grandfather picked up his gun and followed the path leading to the turkey-pen. He entered the woods, looked and listened, and after hearing the expected cry, hid himself behind a tree and from there mimicked the slowly approaching beast. When it came within safe shooting distance, he blazed away and killed one of the largest 'Tom' panthers ever seen in Muhlenberg County. The animal measured eleven feet from the end of his nose to the tip of his tail. Although I was not born until about eighteen years later, I remember using this old panther skin for a pallet [a flat bed on the floor].
No panthers have been seen in Muhlenberg since about the close of the Civil War, notwithstanding that even to this day, reports are occasionally circulated that one had been seen, or rather heard, in the Clifty Creek country.
Wolves, too, have long ago disappeared. The desire to exterminate wolves, and incidentally to receive the bounty paid for their scalps, resulted in a war on wolves that lasted as long as there were any to be killed. Anyone producing the head of a wolf before a justice of the peace, stating under oath when and where he killed the animal, was granted a certificate to that effect. These certificates, upon presentation to the sheriff, were paid for at the rate of two dollars and a half for wolves over six months of age and one dollar for those under that age.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Quoted from A History of Muhlenberg County (pp 114-116), written by Otto Arthur Rothert and published in Louisville, KY, by J. P. Morton in 1913.
|An 1808 wolf-kill certificate, reproduced in A History of Muhlenberg County


text:
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text:
Dehydration Kills
Butterflies and humans are having a great time in this hot weather but it's not the same for all wildlife.
Water is essential for all of us.
Many of the smaller species find their water from the morning dew and puddles. In this unusually hot weather we are experiencing, water evaporates and they are unable to find it.
Earthworms, that form a vital part of the diet for many wild animals, are going into aestivation - they cannot survive in this state indefinitely and around 87% will perish.
Harper Asprey Wildlife Rescue are hit on many levels in the rescue:
- Just keeping inmates hydrated and water bowls topped up is a full time job.
- Keeping the tiny orphans hydrated in between the vital bottle feeds they need to help them grow is doubling our interaction with them.
- Rehydrating an animal with a primary injury, such as a break from a road traffic accident, would normally take a short period but now that is prolonged.
- They are seeing an increased number of animals with dehydration coming into the centre, especially babies who just don't know where to go for water - they are hit the hardest as they don't have the knowledge of surviving in a drought.
A dehydrated animal cannot feed and will not usually become hydrated with water alone.
We use rehydration fluid for much of our wildlife. This is a simple home remedy version you can use in your garden -
1 litre of water
1 tablespoon of sugar
1 teaspoon of salt
We regularly top up our water with rehydration fluid but here is a simple way we use to slow down evaporation in the outside runs.
Get a shallow and stable tray from your garden centre like this one here that is used for plants to stand in. Fill it up with gravel like this and the whole evaporation process will slow down. Wildlife can dig in the gravel during the night to find water.
Water is essential for us to survive so please spare a bowl for our wildlife and remember for these little cuties it's tough out there.


text:
Nova Scotia & Newfoundland
From the charming fishing towns of Nova Scotia to the vast wilderness of Newfoundland, these are the last great. open spaces of Eastern North America. A touch of New England, a dash of Germany, here a British fort, there an Irish brogue, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland are mixed-up worlds peopled by the descendants of hardy colonists who came to fish and trade fur. Lighthouses sweep the skies, the seas are littered with shipwrecks whales cruise the coastline in the summer, storms rage in the winter, but the warmth of the hardy people who live in these two provinces makes the lonely landscape beautiful rather than forbidding.


text:
In every lot of buttons I score on eBay and in thrift stores, there are always plenty of random white plastic ones. Well, this tutorial from Rit Dye's website opens up so many new possibilities! Who knew you could bathe them in dye and get such beautiful colours? — via CRAFT
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text:
Posts Tagged 'm3u'
More customisations on the way
February 7, 2012 Leave a comment
Today I implemented requested changes to the display of time and the display of temperature in the weather panel.
In the next update you will be able to:
- Set the time display to either 12 or 24 hour format
- Set the temperature to display in either Celsius (the default) or Fahrenheit
Aside from this I am currently making some progress on the iTunes-like music player and swapping emails back and forth between myself and Fab in order to integrate mplayer arexx support. The player in the future maybe be reformed to be nothing more than an iTunes library to .M3U playlist converter – more on this in the future.
Categories: Blog arexx, celsius, fahrenheit, itunes, m3u, mplayer, playlist, temperature, weather


text:
By Ed White and Jeff Karoub
Associated Press
DETROIT (AP) -- A federal judge on Wednesday swept aside lawsuits challenging Detroit's bankruptcy, settling the first major dispute in the scramble to get a leg up just days after the largest filing by a local government in U.S. history.
After two hours of arguments, U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Steven Rhodes made clear he's in charge. He granted Detroit's request to put a permanent freeze on three lawsuits filed in Ingham County, including another judge's extraordinary decision that Gov. Rick Snyder trampled the Michigan Constitution and acted illegally in approving the Chapter 9 filing.
That ruling and others had threatened to derail the bankruptcy.
Questions about Detroit's eligibility to turn itself around through bankruptcy "are within this court's exclusive jurisdiction," Rhodes said.
He said nothing in federal law or the U.S. Constitution gives a state court a dual role. It was a victory for Detroit, which had warned that it would be "irreparably harmed" if it had to deal with lawsuits in state courts while trying to restructure $18 billion in debt with thousands of creditors.
"Widespread litigation ... can only confuse the parties, confuse the case and create serious barriers," attorney Heather Lennox told the judge.
Creditors "will have their day in court" -- bankruptcy court, she said.
The courtroom was jammed with lawyers representing creditors as well as rank-and-file city employees and retirees eager to know the outcome. Some wore T-shirts that said, "Detroit vs. Everybody."
Detroit emergency manager Kevyn Orr, who recommended bankruptcy, sat in the front row for part of the hearing. Outside the courthouse, protesters held a banner with a message for Wall Street: "Cancel Detroit's debt. The banks owe us."
Detroit has about 21,000 retirees -- police, firefighters, City Hall clerks, trash haulers, bus drivers -- who are owed money and fear their income is at risk in a bankruptcy. Orr has said the city has underfunded obligations of about $3.5 billion for pensions and $5.7 billion for retiree health coverage.
The Michigan Constitution states that public pensions "shall not be diminished or impaired." An Ingham County judge cited that provision last week when she ordered Snyder and other officials to take no further action in the Detroit bankruptcy.
Sharon Levine, an attorney for a union that represents city workers, urged the bankruptcy judge to let those lawsuits run their course. She said there's no federal insurance for public pensions once they're broken, unlike pensions at private employers.
"Our members who participate at most are at or below $19,000 a year. There is no safety net," Levine said.
Although Rhodes ruled in favor of Detroit, he said opponents will have opportunities to make the same arguments in his court in the future. He has many critical issues ahead, including whether Detroit really is broke and entitled to greatly reduce or wipe out debts. The process could last a year or more.
Michael Nicholson, general counsel for the United Auto Workers, was disappointed with Rhodes' decision.
"State courts have the power to decide what the state constitution means," Nicholson said outside court. "In our view, retirees' rights are a matter of Michigan constitutional rights."
Snyder signed off on Detroit's bankruptcy on July 18, calling it the only practical choice for a city whose population has plummeted to 700,000 from 1.8 million decades ago. Detroit's long-term debt has become an urban millstone.
The governor called Rhodes' decision "excellent" and said it allows one place to settle the city's finances.
In March, Snyder appointed Orr, a bankruptcy expert, as Detroit's emergency manager. Orr had sweeping powers to reshape city finances but recommended bankruptcy after failing to reach any significant deals with creditors, including Wall Street bankers and Detroit pension funds. Many of those creditors, however, accused him of being inflexible and believe bankruptcy always was the plan.
Detroit has more than double the population of Stockton, Calif., which had been the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy before Detroit trumped it last week.
Detroit fire Lt. James Edwards, 43, attended the court hearing Wednesday with some anxiety.
"It seems as though we're going to end up being the patsy for a lot of bad decisions that have been made over the years," said the 18-year department veteran, referring to his future pension. "You base your life decisions on promises made to you when you came on the job."
Belinda Myers-Florence, 59, said her pension is her only income after working nearly 36 years for Detroit, from bus driver to social services. She can't believe she may lose money because of the bankruptcy.
"It's going to have to hit me in the face," she said. "I just can't believe that they can go that way."
Published: Fri, Jul 26, 2013


text:
This version of Sherpa Romeo will be decommissioned on Friday 31 July 2020. Our new version is available at https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.
These are the categories of publisher that are relevant to 'Quality in Ageing and Older Adults'.
In general, the lowest category in the list below takes priority regarding copyright and policies.
Former Publisher [Antiguo editor] (Previous Publisher)
|A Publishing organisation of any variety that has relinquished ownership to another publisher
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Commercial Publisher [Editor comercial] (Publishing House)
|A company that publishes for profit.
[Not translated]
|Springer Verlag
|Guidance [Guía]:
|Commercial publishers may both publish their own journals and publish journals on behalf of learned societies and other client organisations. They normally control the rights for their own journals, and may control the rights for the journals of client organisations. However, some client organisations retain their rights.
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Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
Print version ISSN 0100-204XOn-line version ISSN 1678-3921
Pesq. agropec. bras. vol.35 no.10 Brasília Oct. 2000
RICARDO ANTONIO MARENCO2 and DENISE CASTRO LUSTOSA3
ABSTRACT - Soil solarization is a technique used for weed and plant disease control in regions with high levels of solar radiation. The effect of solarization (0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks) upon weed populations, carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Brasília) yield and nematode infestation in carrot roots was studied in São Luís (2o35' S; 44o10' W), MA, Brazil, using transparent polyethylene films (100 and 150 mm of thickness). The maximum temperature at 5 cm of depth was about 10oC warmer in solarized soil than in control plots. In the study 20 weed types were recorded. Solarization reduced weed biomass and density in about 50% of weed species, including Cyperus spp., Chamaecrista nictans var. paraguariensis (Chod & Hassl.) Irwin & Barneby, Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) O. Kuntze, Mitracarpus sp., Mollugo verticillata L., Sebastiania corniculata M. Arg., and Spigelia anthelmia L. Approximately 40% of species in the weed flora were not affected by soil mulching. Furthermore, seed germination of Commelina benghalensis L. was increased by soil solarization. Marketable yield of carrots was greater in solarized soil than in the unsolarized one. It was concluded that solarization for nine weeks increases carrot yield and is effective for controlling more than half of the weed species recorded. Mulching was not effective for controlling root-knot nematodes in carrot.
Index terms: Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus, organic farming, soil heating, mulching, plastic film covers, soil desinfection, nematode controls, sandy soil.
RESUMO - A solarização é uma técnica usada para o controle de plantas daninhas e doenças de plantas em regiões de alta radiação solar. Estudou-se o efeito da solarização (por 0, 3, 6 e 9 semanas) sobre a população de plantas daninhas, a produção de cenoura (Daucus carota L. cv. Brasília) e a infestação das raízes por nematóides. O experimento foi realizado em São Luís, MA, utilizando filmes de plástico com espessuras de 100 e 150 mm. A temperatura máxima a 5 cm de profundidade foi cerca de 10oC maior nas parcelas solarizadas do que nas testemunhas. Havia 20 tipos de ervas daninhas no experimento. A solarização reduziu a biomassa e densidade das plantas daninhas em 50% das espécies, incluindo Cyperus spp., Chamaecrista nictans var. paraguariensis (Chod & Hassl.) Irwin & Barneby, Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) O. Kuntze, Mitracarpus sp., Mollugo verticillata L., Sebastiania corniculata M. Arg. e Spigelia anthelmia L. No entanto, foi ineficaz para o controle de 40% das espécies vegetais presentes no campo. Além disso, a solarização estimulou a germinação das sementes de Commelina benghalensis L. O rendimento comercial da cenoura foi maior nas parcelas solarizadas do que naquelas não cobertas. Conclui-se que a solarização por nove semanas aumenta o rendimento da cenoura e foi eficiente para o controle de mais da metade das espécies de plantas daninhas no campo. Porém, a cobertura de plástico foi ineficiente para o controle de nematóides formadores de galhas na cenoura.
Termos para indexação: Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus, agricultura orgânica, aquecimento do solo, cobertura do solo, cobertura de plástico, desinfecção do solo, controle de nematóides, solo arenoso.
Weed management in carrot relies mainly on the use of herbicides in conventional agriculture. This is because it is seeded directly in narrow rows, which makes tillage unrecommended because of the injury it causes to roots, and on account of increasing cost or uncertainty in labor supply that makes timely handweeding control uneconomical or inefficient. Even though the introduction of selective herbicides has had one of the greatest effects on yield improvements, herbicide resistance of weeds and other potential side effects have raised concern about the intensive use of herbicides in cropping systems. Consistent with the current search for non-hazardous methods for controlling weeds is the application of integrated weed management strategies, which takes into account the need to increase agricultural production and to determine economic losses, risks to human health, energy and environmental factors, and potential damage to non-target organisms (Shaw, 1982).
Soil solarization is a special mulching technique in which moist soil is covered by polyethylene (PE) film and heated by solar radiation for several weeks. It is used for soil thermic disinfestation, being accomplished by mulching the soil under a plastic film, which produces a greenhouse effect, so that soil temperature rises to levels which are lethal or injurious to many soilborne organisms, including pathogens, seeds, and weed seedlings.
Soil solarization is also an effective and safe practice, which could be an important component of the overall weed management strategy in several crops. It was developed for control of soil pathogens by mulching the soil during the hot season (Katan et al., 1976). Its effects are greater in moist or wet soils; thus its success depends on moisture for maximum heat transfer to soilborne microorganisms and weed seeds. According to Elmore (1991), one of the primary purposes of solarization is to control weeds that are not susceptible to selective herbicides in a crop, such as Malva parviflora L., Convolvulus arvensis L., and Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
Transparent polyethylene films are recommended for soil solarization because of its high transmittance of short wave (0.3 - 3 mm) radiation, and its low transmittance of long wave (4 - 40 mm) radiation.
Winter annual weeds, e.g. Lactuca serriola L., Poa annua L., and Senecio vulgaris L., that germinate during cool temperatures have been effectively controlled by PE mulching, whereas some weeds that germinate during warmer periods have been reported to be tolerant, and a few, such as Melilotus sulcatus Desf. appear to be resistant to solarization (Elmore, 1991). Even though it is believed that solarization appears to be effective in reducing weed population (Egley, 1983; Al-Masoon et al., 1993; Vizantinopoulos & Katranis, 1993), soil tarping was ineffective for controlling Indigofera sp. (Marenco & Lustosa, 1997), and emergence of Cyperus rotundus L. from tubers was increased by polyethylene mulching (Kumar et al., 1993).
The decline in the viability of soilborne microorganisms and weed seeds during solarization depends on the soil temperature and exposure time. The direct effect of high temperature on susceptible organisms may be related to changes in the metabolism and ultrastructure of cells (Singla et al., 1997). However, some indirect effects, e.g. changes in concentrations of available nutrients (Stapleton et al., 1985) may also contribute to soil solarization effects.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization upon weed populations, carrot yield, and nematode infestation in carrot roots.
The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of the Universidade Estadual of Maranhão, in São Luís, MA, Northeastern Brazil (latitude 2o35' S; longitude 44o10' W), from September 1996 to May 1997. The soil type in the experimental area was a Red-Yellow Podsol (Oxisol) with sandy texture (250 g kg-1 of coarse sand, 550 g kg1 of fine sand, 100 g kg-1 of silt, and 100 g kg-1 of clay). Soil analysis made at the beginning of the study indicated a low natural fertility with pH of 5.0, 30 g kg-1 of organic matter, 7 mg dm-3 of P, and 0.9, 15 and 15 mmolc kg-1 of K, Ca and Mg, respectively. Total rainfall during the wet season, December to July, was 2,100 mm. During the study, mean air temperature was 26.1oC, and the solar radiation (mean±SE), determined with a pyranometer (PY 23150 and LI-1000 datalogger, Licor, Nebraska, USA) was 16.78±0.52 MJ m-2 d -1.
Four weeks before the beginning of mulching, the soil was disked three times and amended with 100 g m-2 of lime, and beds 1 m wide and 5 m long were made. The soil was irrigated up to field capacity to about a depth of 60 cm before mulching with transparent PE films (100 and 150 µm thickness). For solarization treatments (three, six, and nine weeks), plastic films were laid on the smoothed beds, stretched close to the soil surface, and their edges and ends were buried in trenches 10 cm deep and covered with soil. An unsolarized control treatment was also included. All beds including those for the uncovered treatment were constructed at the same time. At the end of the period of solarization, the films were removed without soil disturbance. For temperature measurements, from11:00 am up to 6:00 pm at random days, mercury thermometers were inserted into the soil to a depth of 5 cm at the beginning of the experiment and variation in temperature measured at one-hour intervals. Soil temperature was measured at 5 cm depth because the germination of weed seeds is concentrated in the upper layers of soil. In covered plots, thermometers were pushed through the plastic, and the hole was sealed with epoxy glue. Air temperature was recorded at 50 cm above the soil surface. Solarization treatments were initiated at different times, in such a way that mulching periods ended on the same day, then the crop was seeded. Just before planting, the soil was fertilized with NPK, at a rate of (g m-2): 2.4 of N, as urea; 17.0 of P, as P2O5; 19.7 of K, as KCl. All nutrients were uniformly applied at 5 cm depth along the rows with a minimum disturbance of soil surface. Carrots were planted in January 1997, in rows spaced 20 cm apart at a density of 60 to 70 seeds per meter. After emergence, excess of seedlings were thinned to about 30 plants per meter. At the end of the plant cycle, about 120 days after planting (DAP), the plants were harvested and the roots examined for root-knot caused by nematode infestation. Thereafter, the fresh weight of roots was determined. Herbicides were not used during the experiment.
During the crop season, weed biomass and density were assessed in three 0.15 x 0.15 m randomly collected samples, at 15, 30 and 45 days after the films had been removed, except at 45 DAP when 1.5 x 0.2 m samples were collected. At each sampling time, weeds were severed at the soil surface, identified and separated into species groups. Shoots of weeds were oven-dried at 72oC until reaching constant mass (about 72 hours), and weighed. The weeds were manually removed from plots after the last sampling was carried out. The design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications, and treatments in a split-plot arrangement. The main plots were the film thickness (100 and 150 µm), and the subplots was the duration of solarization. In order to easily compare the effect of solarization on weed species, dry mater and density data were transformed to relative values (Yr) as follows:
Yr = (Yij/Yij-max) x 100
where Yij represented the i observed value of the j treatment and Yij-max corresponded to the greatest i observed value of the j treatment. To homogenize variance, data derived from weighing and counting were transformed to log(Y+1) and (Y+0.5)0.5, respectively (Steel & Torrie, 1981) before conducting statistical analysis.
Maximal soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm reached nearly 52oC under polyethylene film covered plots, whereas it was only 42oC in the uncovered plots (Table 1). Solarization reduced total dry matter accumulation and density of weeds at 15, 30 and 45 days after the PE films had been removed, i.e., at 15, 30 and 45 DAP of carrots (Table 2). However, there was no difference (P>0.05) between PE thickness. In the first sampling (15 DAP), the reduced growth of weeds made it difficult to evaluate the effect of solarization on individual weed species, therefore, only data for the sum of weeds were obtained. Weed DM accumulation was reduced from 11.9 g m-2 in control plots to 0.89 g m-2 in those solarized for nine weeks, indicating the effectiveness of PE mulching on weed control. The factors involved in solarization has been attributed to soil temperature, moisture, and probably gases (Horowitz et al., 1983). High temperatures may cause damaging changes in enzyme activity, membrane structure, and protein metabolism (Singla et al., 1997). On the other hand, a high concentration of CO2 in the soil atmosphere, which has been observed during solarization (Horowitz et al., 1983), can induce seed dormancy (Mayer & PoljakoffMayber, 1989). As a result, soil solarization reduces the number of weed seedlings and weed biomass of heat-sensitive species.
In the study, 20 weed types were recorded. All of these were single species, but Cyperus represented a congeneric grouping that included at least two species. A group of six infrequent weed types were difficult to identify, and the group was classified as unidentified weeds.
At 30 DAP, soil tarping reduced dry matter accumulation and density in several weed species. In decreasing order, the effect was greater in Chamaecrista nictans (Chod & Hassl.) Irwin & Barneby, Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) O. Kuntze, Cyperus spp., Mollugo verticillata L., Sebastiania corniculata W. Arg., Spigelia anthelmia L., and Mitracarpus sp. (Fig. 1). There was no effect of solarization on populations of Panicum hirtum Lam., Croton lobatus L., Indigofera hirsuta L., Phyllanthus amarus Schum, and Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Even though solarization has been considered to be effective for controlling weeds, especially annual weeds, the population of C. benghalensis was increased by solarization. A quadratic relationship was observed between its growth and the duration of mulching (Fig. 1). The effect of solarization on dry matter accumulation and density of the perennial Cyperus spp. confirms previous reports (Kuva et al., 1995). Under tropical conditions, Kumar et al. (1993) also observed that solarization may reduce population of C. rotundus when emerged from seeds, but not when their flushes had been emerged from tubers. By differentiating equations fitted for both dry matter accumulation and plant density of C. benghalensis with respect to time, it was estimated that the stimulatory effect of solarization on this weed was greater at 37 days of PE mulching. Therefore, this indicates that a few weeks of solarization induces the germination of C. benghalensis dormant seeds, and that periods of mulching longer than six weeks may either reduce the viability of seeds or induce secondary seed dormancy. Thus, it may be suggested that the whole process acting on breaking of dormancy of C. benghalensis seeds shows greater activity when they are exposed to a relative narrow period of favorable high temperature, a process which could be referred to as stratification at high temperature. It has been reported (Egley, 1990) that germination of some seeds may be enhanced when soil temperatures reach 50 to 60oC, as dormancy imposed by coats is broken.
At 45 DAP, the effect of solarization upon M. verticillata, S. anthelmia, C. benghalensis, Cyperus sp. and Mitracarpus sp. was similar to that observed at 30 days after film removal (Fig. 2). Nevertheless, C. nictans, M. chamaedrys, and S. corniculata were no more affected by PE mulching. This suggests that the mulching effect observed at 30 DAP was due to secondary seed dormancy induced by soil tarping, which was lost some weeks later after film removal. On the other hand, there was a non-significant (P>0.05) trend towards an enhanced effect of mulching on DM accumulation of I. hirsuta, which is likely due to breaking of seed dormancy by high soil temperature. In Acacia kempeana (Mueller), the strophiole lifts and cracks in response to heat, so that water enters into the seed and germination become possible (Hanna, 1984). In this study, seedling emergence was enhanced by solarization in C. benghalensis, i.e., about one in 20 species, which represents 5% of the weed flora.
Taking into account population density and biomass production of the weed community, the most important weeds were Cyperus spp., Mitracarpus sp., and C. benghalensis. Since there was no difference in these parameters between plants collected at 30 or 45 DAP, just relevant data for the last sampling are presented for these weeds (Fig. 3). It is noteworthy that the contribution of C. benghalensis to the total biomass of the weed community increased from less than 3% in control plots to about 35% in those solarized for nine weeks. On the other hand, its density increased from 0.2% to 3.2%, about 15 times, indicating that this weed was more important in solarized plots than in the unsolarized one.
In solarized treatments, the yield of marketable roots was about 100% over the unsolarized control (Table 3), which indicates that this technique may be useful for weed control and improving yield of carrots, mostly in agroecosystems that do not use herbicides for reducing weed competition, such as in organic agriculture. Solarization had no effect on root-knot nematode incidence. On average, about 20% of carrot roots were infested by these nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (Table 3). Ineffectiveness of solarization in controlling root-knot nematodes suggests that under the local experimental conditions PE mulching could be combined with other treatments to increase the spectrum of target organisms to be controlled. Notwithstanding the influence of the border effect on nematode control and possibly other pests should not be ruled out (Grinstein et al., 1995).
1. Soil solarization for nine weeks is effective for controlling more than 50% of weed species in the field.
2. Several weed species, about 40% of the weed community, are not affected by solarization.
3. Few species, about 5% of the weed flora, increase their populations after the solarization treatment.
4. The relative importance of some weeds in the weed community is affected by solarization.
5. Marketable yield of carrot is increased by solarization.
6. Soil tarping appears to be ineffective for controlling root-knot nematodes in sandy soil.
AL-MASOOM, A.A.; SAGHIR, A.; ITANI, S. Soil solarization for weed management in U.A.E. Weed Technology, Lawrence, v.7, p.507-510, 1993. [ Links ]
EGLEY, G.H. High-temperature effects on germination and survival of weed seeds in soil. Weed Science, Champaign, v.38, p.429-435, 1990. [ Links ]
EGLEY, G.H. Weed seed and seedling reductions by soil solarization with transparent polyethylene sheets. Weed Science, Champaign, v.31, p.404-409, 1983. [ Links ]
ELMORE, C.L. Weed control by solarization. In: Katan, J.; DeVay, J.E. (Ed.). Soil solarization. Boca Raton : CRS, 1991. p.61-72. [ Links ]
GRINSTEIN, A.; KRITZMAN, G.; HETZRONI, A.; GAMLIEL, A.; KATAN, J. The border effect of soil solarization. Crop Protection, Oxford, v.14, p.315-320, 1995. [ Links ]
HANNA, P.J. Anatomical features of the seed coat of Acacia kempeana (Mueller) which relate to increased germination rate induced by heat treatment. New Phytologist, Cambridge, Great Britain, v.96, p.23-29, 1984. [ Links ]
HOROWITZ, M.; REGEV, Y.; HERZLINGER, G. Solarization for weed control. Weed Science, Champaign, v.31, p.170-179, 1983. [ Links ]
KATAN, J.; GREENBERGER, A.; ALON, H.; GRINSTEIN, A. Solar heating by polyethylene mulching for the control of diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v.66, p.683-688, 1976. [ Links ]
KUMAR, B.; YADURAJU, N.T.; AHUJA, K.N.; PRASAD, D. Effect of soil solarization on weeds and nematodes under tropical Indian conditions. Weed Research, Oxford, v.33, p.423-429, 1993. [ Links ]
KUVA, M.A.; ALVES, P.L.C.A; ERASMO, E.L.A. Efeitos da solarização do solo através de plástico transparente sobre o desenvolvimento da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus). Planta Daninha, Campinas, v.13, p.26-31, 1995. [ Links ]
MARENCO, R.A.; LUSTOSA, D.C. Uso da solarização no controle de plantas invasoras. Pesquisa em Foco, São Luís, v.5, p.23-31, 1997. [ Links ]
MAYER, A.M.; POLJAKOFF-MAYBER, A. The germination of seeds. 4.ed. Oxford : Pergamon, 1989. 270p. [ Links ]
SHAW, W.C. Integrated weed management systems technology for pest management. Weed Science, Champaign, v.30, p.2-12, 1982. Supplement. [ Links ]
SINGLA, S.L.; PAREEK, A.; GROVER, A. High temperature. In. PRASAD, M.N.V. (Ed.). Plant ecophysiology. New York : J. Wiley, 1997. p.101-127. [ Links ]
STAPLETON, J.J.; QUICK, J.; DEVAY, J.E. Soil solarization: effects on soil properties, crop fertilization and plant growth. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Oxford, v.17, p.369-373, 1985. [ Links ]
STEEL, R.G.D.; TORRIE, J.H. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach. 2.ed. Tokyo : McGraw-Hill International, 1981. 633p. [ Links ]
VIZANTINOPOULOS, S.; KATRANIS, N. Soil solarization in Greece. Weed Research, Oxford, v.33, p.225-230, 1993. [ Links ]
1 Accepted for publication on January 1, 2000. Supported by Projeto Norte de Pós-Graduação, CAPES and Universidade Estadual do Maranhão.
2 Agronomist, Dr., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Caixa Postal 478, CEP 69011-971 Manaus, AM.
FAPEMA research fellowship. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
3 Agronomist, graduate student, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG. PIBIC-CNPq scholarship. E-mail: email@example.com


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Skydance Productions and Annapurna Pictures are gearing up to begin filming the upcoming reboot Paramount Pictures sci-fi action-adventure thriller feature film "Terminator" in January, 2013. A top industry production report has shown a working title of "Terminator: Genesis", while other industry trades are calling it simply "Terminator 5". The Casting Society of America Artios award winning casting director is now on the search for actors to play the roles of Sarah Connor and John Connor.
Category Archives: Austin
Disney XD casting calls underway for Kickin' It season four actors and extras
It's A Laugh Productions and Poor Soul Productions have begun production on the fourth season of the hit Disney XD comedy series "Kickin' It". Casting calls have gone out for new recurring roles, and will continue throughout the season for various characters. In addition to the actor casting calls, the extras are being hired on an ongoing basis. Disney XD announced that the show would be picked up for a fourth season back in August, 2013. Kickin' It is the network's highest-rated series in total viewers, and season 3 outperformed Season 2 in all ratings by double-digits. Kickin' It season 4 is scheduled to air in 2014.
Disney casting kids, teens, and adults for new comedy series 'Super Awesome Katy'
Disney casting directors are now searching for kids and teens who can play various series regular roles between the ages of 12 and 16. The show that is being cast is a brand new Disney Channel multi-camera 1/2 hour comedy series called "Super Awesome Katy". She show will begin shooting in January, 2014. Many other guest starring and recurring roles, including adult roles, will also be cast prior to the start of shooting, as well as during the season. Casting for Disney Channel on this project is being done by the Casting Society of America Artios Award nominated casting director Suzanne Goddard-Smythe and Ty Harman. They are conducting auditions in Los Angeles, CA. The extras will be cast throughout production on season one.
'Star Wars: Episode VII' open casting calls schedule for US and UK
Disney casting directors are searching for two young actors to play lead roles in the Walt Disney Pictures/Lucasfilm "Star Wars: Episode VII". Six casting director meet-and-greet sessions have been scheduled across the United States and United Kingdom to scout talent for two lead roles, one young female and on young male. In addition to the in-person casting director meet-and-greet sessions, audition video submissions are being accepted at the only official casting webpage that has been set up by Disney Casting director Maryellen Aviano.
Disney casting series regulars, co-stars, day players, and extras for new comedy series 'Kirby Buckets'
It's a Laugh Productions and Horizon Productions are getting ready to begin production on a new comedy sitcom for Disney XD called "Kirby Buckets". The Casting Society of America Artios Award nominated casting team of Sally Stiner and Barbie Block, who have cast such Disney Channel hit shows as "Jonas" and "Good Luck Charlie", are casting young teen actors and adults for series regulars, co-stars, and smaller day player roles. The extras will be hired throughout shooting on the pilot episode, with there likely being a need for many over-18 to play high school age.
Brand new Disney XD comedy series 'Neckpee Island' casting calls underway for child and adult roles
Disney XD has given the green light to begin production on a brand new half-hour comedy series pilot titled "Neckpee Island". The casting directors have now sent out casting calls for series regulars and guest starring roles, for both child roles between 12-14 years old, and for adults of various ages. The extras will be cast throughout production, which will begin in mid-October, 2013. There will be a fairly large amount of kids cast as extras to play middle school students. Shooting will take place in Los Angeles.
Warner Bros. Pictures feature film 'Man of Steel 2' auditions and casting calls
Syncopy and Atlas Entertainment in association with DC Entertainment and Batfilm Productions are now in pre-production on the Warner Bros. Pictures action adventure sci-fi feature film "Man of Steel 2". This is the current working title of the film. Two tentative titles for the new film were suggested by the writer – "Batman vs. Superman" or "Superman vs. Batman". Studio-level casting is underway for the lead roles in the film. Additional casting will take place at a later date with an independent contracted casting director. The stand-ins for the lead actors, as well as general extras and featured background actors will be cast throughout production in the locations where filming will take place.
Disney now casting actors and extras for new live-action comedy series 'Mighty Med'
It's a Laugh Productions is now in production on season one of the brand new Disney XD live-action superhero comedy series "Mighty Med". Disney casting directors are beginning to audition actors for series regulars, recurring roles, guest starring roles, and day players. The extras are being hired throughout shooting on the sophomore season, which will continue through November 1, 2013. "Mighty Med" is a multi-camera series that was inspired by the extraordinary world of super heroes and comic books. Shooting takes place in Los Angeles.
Casting call for extras to work regularly on NBC hit series 'Revolution'
The hit NBC science fiction television drama series "Revolution" has been renewed for a full 22-episode second season, and the show has moved shooting locations from Wilmington, North Carolina to Austin, Texas. The series casting directors are auditioning actors for new recurring, guest starring, and day player roles. In addition, the local Austin casting director is seeking talent to work as series regular extras for the entire second season. Shooting will take place from July 5, 2013 through April 30, 2013.
'ABC Make Me a Star' contest entry period open through July 12, 2013
Vanessa Williams signed a "talent holding deal" with ABC, as will a winner of Make Me a Star.
Creative Commons
ABC has launched the first ever digital talent outreach contest in the United States, where actors and comedians can submit a video of their acting or stand-up comedy performance for a chance to be seen by ABC Casting executives. The contest is called "ABC Make Me a Star," and will consist of two components. One is a private competition where ABC will select the winner, and the other will be a publicly voted competition where the public votes for the winner out of ten finalists chosen by ABC.
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1½" Round Label - Gingerbread House
Add sweet holiday spirit to projects with pre-designed Gingerbread House templates. The cartoon-style design features the image of a darling gingerbread house, complete with brown cookie walls, snow-white icing on the roof, colourful gumdrop and peppermint-candy detailing, and a wreath on the front door. The little cottage sits between two fluffy green trees in a snowy white field, while welcoming candy-cane posts help mark the entrance. The delightfully delicious design makes a great choice for projects related to Christmas, holidays, and parties. Get creative and customize your personal or professional project with pre-designed Gingerbread House templates today!
Shape: Round
Dimension: 1½"
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Welcome to the second edition
of Check-IN, a paper focussed
not on the detailed numbers but
interpreting and commenting on
some of the longer term trends.
This edition looks at a number
of subjects, in particular why
2017 has been slow in terms of
transaction volumes. We also look
at some of the changes in demand
and the resultant growth of
lifestyle brands and their potential
impact on the market.


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Fans of Bravo's "Million Dollar Listing" take note: there's a new cast member in town. Luis D. Ortiz of Keller Williams NYC will face off with Ryan Serhant and Fredrik Eklund to compete for the biggest piece of the New York City real estate pie.
Ortiz left home when he was 16 with his twin brother, Daniel, to be a stocky at Hollister clothing, and as a janitor in a community college. In 2006, he moved to New York to attend the New York Film Academy. After scoring an apartment on Wall Street that he couldn't afford, the broker suggested he enter the world of real estate.
U.S. & World
Stories that affect your life across the U.S. and around the world.
"I started in real estate when the market had already crashed. I started in a time where I needed to be able to fight to make money," he said. "Money was never my main motivation — it still isn't. I only work for the excitement of things. We had to train ourselves in such a bad time that I think I've been through the worst."
The Real Deal sat down with Ortiz to talk film making, real estate, and his documented head-butting with Serhant and Eklund.
Read the full interview over at The Real Deal.


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via press release:
Month Features New On-Air PSA and Digital Campaign to Mobilize People Against Discrimination and Documentary Profiling NFL Greats Tony Dungy, Tony Gonzalez, Jimmy Graham and Hines Ward
Characters Unite National Storytelling Tour Stops In Los Angeles With Special Star-Studded Show Hosted By Tony Award Winner Nathan Lane, with Special Guest Matt Bomer and Stories by Academy-Award nominee Octavia Spencer and Academy-Award Winner Dustin Lance Black,
Special Performance by Grammy-Winner John Legend
NEW YORK – January 31, 2012 – USA Network announced today the launch of its second Characters Unite Month beginning in February, to build on its ongoing public service commitment to combat prejudice and discrimination. Throughout the month, USA will premiere original programming and PSAs, unveil new digital content and expand its community outreach efforts to inspire more Americans to come together to promote greater tolerance, respect and acceptance.
"Characters Unite Month is a time to put a much-needed spotlight on the importance of fighting hate and discrimination," said Chris McCumber, USA co-president. "Huge problems such as bullying, racism, religious intolerance and other forms of discrimination can seem insurmountable. We want to let everyone, everywhere, know that they can make a difference, just simply by speaking up and saying I won't stand for it anymore."
Highlights of Characters Unite Month include:
"I Won't Stand For…" Campaign
- Public Service Announcements (PSAs): Powerful new PSAs sending a message that people from all walks of life will no longer stand idly by in the face of prejudice and discrimination. Directed by commercial director Phil Griffin of Radical Media, the spots feature hundreds of diverse characters – including USA Network stars SAG Award nominee Patrick J. Adams and Meghan Markle of SUITS, Christopher Gorham of COVERT AFFAIRS, Reshma Shetty of ROYAL PAINS, and Marsha Thomason of WHITE COLLAR – all conveying a shared commitment to fight social injustice by sitting down wherever they are all across the country, from a busy New York City street corner to an iconic Bourbon Street storefront to a virtually empty Santa Monica beach. Everyone proudly wears special t-shirts expressing what they won't stand for, such as racism, bullying, religious intolerance, ableism, homophobia, sexism and more.
- Expanded Video Content: The campaign extends online at charactersunite.com with dozens of short films revealing the PSA participants' very personal experiences of dealing with prejudice and bigotry. USA will encourage viewers to share their own stories of what they won't stand for and why via Characters Unite digital platforms.
- On-the-Ground Activation: USA will create special activations in New York City (Feb. 8 and 9) and Washington (Feb. 28) where people can come to create their own custom "I Won't Stand For…" t-shirts and share photos and video to engage their friends and family in the movement.
"NFL Characters Unite"
· Original Documentary: A one-hour special profiling Atlanta Falcons Pro Bowl tight end Tony Gonzalez, New Orleans Saints star tight end Jimmy Graham, Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver and Super Bowl XL MVP Hines Ward, and NBC's "Football Night in America" analyst and Super Bowl-winning Indianapolis Colts head coach Tony Dungy and narrated by NBC Sports' Chris Collingsworth. In the film, the NFL stars share their personal journeys of overcoming prejudice and discrimination and help to transform the life of a teen currently dealing with a similar situation. Through candid interviews and unique one-on-one activities, these on- and off-the-field heroes help bring diverse people together, change attitudes and instill courage and compassion. The film was created and executive produced by The Hochberg Ebersol Company's co-founders Charlie Ebersol and Justin W. Hochberg, and directed by NFL Films' Greg Frith. NFL CHARACTERS UNITE will air on Friday, February 10 at 7pmET/PT.
- Super Bowl Special Event: USA, the NFL and The Hochberg Ebersol Company will co-host a special brunch during Super Bowl weekend in Indianapolis to highlight the documentary and the partnership to fight intolerance and hate.
USA Originals
Episodes of WHITE COLLAR and ROYAL PAINS that each include a Characters Unite storyline:
- In WHITE COLLAR (Feb. 7, 10/9c), Diana (Marsha Thomason) shares news of her engagement and discovers only acceptance from her colleagues.
- In ROYAL PAINS (Feb. 22, 10/9c), Divya (Reshma Shetty) cares for a patient who has experienced discrimination in the workplace because of her disability. A PSA in partnership with the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD) will premiere as part of the episode directing viewers to more information and resources at charactersunite.com.
On-Air Promotion
A custom on-air bug and multiple snipes throughout the month will drive viewers to charactersunite.com and encourage them to get involved.
Characters Unite National Storytelling Tour: Los Angeles Stop
In partnership with the renowned nonprofit The Moth, USA continues the Tour – "A More Perfect Union: Stories of Prejudice and Power" — to use the power of storytelling to bring diverse people together, foster greater understanding and encourage respect. In February, the tour will partner with Time Warner Cable to stop in Los Angeles for:
- Mainstage Showcase: Hosted by Tony, Emmy and Screen Actors Guild award-winning Nathan Lane with special guest Matt Bomer from USA's WHITE COLLAR, the showcase on Wednesday, February 15 at the Pacific Design Center will feature five storytellers, including Academy-Award nominee Octavia Spencer and Oscar-winning screenwriter Dustin Lance Black, each sharing a true story of overcoming discrimination and how it impacted their identity and outlook. The event also will include a special performance by Grammy Award-winning artist John Legend.
- High School Program: Ten students at Jefferson High School in East Los Angeles will participate in after-school workshops led by The Moth and then share their own stories of facing bullying, hate or discrimination at an all-school assembly on February 17.
Los Angeles is the ninth stop on the Storytelling Tour, which has been to New Orleans, New York, Seattle, Denver, Chicago, Washington, D.C., St. Louis and Atlanta.
Characters Unite Awards
USA and its Multichannel Video Programming Distributor (MVPD) partners will launch the Characters Unite Awards to honor extraordinary individuals who have made significant efforts to champion civil and human rights in their communities.
- Call for Nominations: An on-air spot featuring COMMON LAW's Michael Ealy calling for nominations will run on USA and its participating affiliates throughout the entry period (February 1 – March 15).
- Award Winners: Winners will be featured on-air and online and each will receive $5000 to support his/her project or related nonprofit organization. Each will be honored this spring at local market ceremonies.
Digital Efforts
- A newly re-designed, more interactive charactersunite.com with extensive information, resources and video content
- Extensive social media outreach throughout the Month
Please log on to http://www.charactersunite.com/ for more information on the initiative and what you can do to make a difference.
Characters Unite Partners
USA's nonprofit partners in the year-round Characters Unite public service campaign include: American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD); American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), American Federation of Teachers (AFT), Anti-Defamation League (ADL), Asian American Justice Center (AAJC), Children's Defense Fund (CDF), Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association (FLEOA), Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD), Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), Human Rights Campaign (HRC), Human Rights First (HRF), Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights (LCCHR), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Association of Counties (NACo), National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), National Council of La Raza (NCLR), National Council of Women's Organizations (NCWO), National Education Association (NEA), National Parent Teacher Association (PTA), Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network (RAINN), Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), and General Board of Church & Society, United Methodist Church.
USA Network is the #1 network in all of basic cable and is seen in over 102 million U.S. homes. A division of NBCUniversal, USA is the cable television leader in original series and is home to the biggest hits in blockbuster films, acquired television and entertainment events. Viewers come to USA to find television's best in critically-acclaimed and award-winning original programming, such as BURN NOTICE, ROYAL PAINS, WHITE COLLAR, COVERT AFFAIRS, FAIRLY LEGAL, PSYCH, IN PLAIN SIGHT, SUITS, NECESSARY ROUGHNESS and WWE MONDAY NIGHT RAW, as well as the highest-rated acquired originals, including HOUSE, NCIS, LAW & ORDER: SPECIAL VICTIMS UNIT and CSI. The award-winning USA website is located at www.usanetwork.com, which is home to the popular new casual gaming site, www.characterarcade.com. Characters Welcome.
USA Network is a program service of NBCUniversal Cable a division of NBCUniversal, one of the world's leading media and entertainment companies in the development, production, and marketing of entertainment, news, and information to a global audience.


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Walk-In Vaccine & Microchip Clinic
August 3, 2019 @ 9:00 am - 1:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 9:00 am on Saturday, repeating until August 31, 2019
Each week, our clinic offers low cost, walk-in only vaccine clinics. At these clinics we offer vaccines for dogs and cats, microchipping, deworming, and flea/tick and heartworm prevention.
Please be prepared for long wait times and bring copies of your pet's medical records. Dates and times vary. For more information and pricing, click here.