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35 Healthy Weight Loss Meals and Snacks
Foods that fight fat
Losing weight—and keeping the pounds off—isn't a quick or easy process, but a few simple diet tricks can be a big help along the way. Our favorite? Eating lots of protein, fiber, and healthy carbs, which boost your metabolism and keep you feeling energized and satisfied.
If you're not sure how to work these calorie-burning ingredients into your daily menu, start with these recipes. They all include at least one weight-loss superfood, and, best of all, they can be made in 30 minutes or less!
Broccoli and feta omelet with toast
This easy breakfast recipe, which takes just 15 minutes start to finish, packs a one-two punch that will leave you feeling satisfied yet energized.
The broccoli provides filling fiber (and just 30 calories per serving), while the protein-loaded eggs curb appetite and will help stave off those late-morning cravings.
Try this recipe: Broccoli and feta omelet with toast
Grilled chicken cutlets With summer succotash
You can burn up to 300 extra calories every day just by eating the right foods. This chicken recipe with summer succotash is a perfect weight loss meal: It burns fat and calories, helping you to slim down faster. Plus, it only takes 5 minutes to make!
Try this recipe: Grilled Chicken Cutlets with Summer Succotash
Spiced Green Tea Smoothie
Green tea is one of the top fat-burning foods, thanks to a metabolism-boosting compound known as EGCG. In one study, drinking four cups of green tea a day helped people shed more than six pounds in eight weeks!
This rich smoothie is perfect if you get tired of sipping hot green tea. Flavored with cayenne spices, lemon, and agave nectar, it provides all the nutritional benefits of green tea and will fill you up, to boot.
Try this recipe: Spiced Green Tea Smoothie
Honey grapefruit with banana
You can't go wrong with this tangy tropical fruit salad, perfect for breakfast or as a colorful side dish at brunch. Grapefruit is one of the best foods for weight loss, studies show—perhaps because of the effect it has on insulin, a fat-storage hormone.
What's more, grapefruit is deceptively filling. It has one of the highest water concentrations of any fruit (about 90% of its weight is water), and all that juice fills you up fast and prevents overeating.
Try this recipe: Honey Grapefruit with Banana
White bean and herb hummus with crudites
Tired of bland supermarket hummus? It only takes five minutes to whip up a batch of this flavorful, fiber-rich version in your own kitchen. All you need is four ingredients: lemon, hearty-healthy olive oil, chives, and—last but not least—white beans, which contain nearly 4 grams of resistant starch per serving.
Pair with assorted raw vegetables, like broccoli, to get even more fiber and fat-burning resistant starch from this wholesome snack.
Try this recipe: White Bean and Herb Hummus with Crudites
Chocolate-dipped banana bites
Dessert doesn't have to erase a healthy meal! The bananas in this easier-than-pie dessert—all you need is a knife and a microwave—are a rich source of resistant starch, a type of healthy carbohydrate that helps you burn calories and eat less.
As an added bonus, the semisweet chocolate contains healthy fats to further rev your metabolism.
Try this recipe: Chocolate-Dipped Banana Bites
BBQ turkey burgers
This fresh spin on burgers is a delicious new way to cut back on beef and eat more turkey, an excellent source of lean protein and a favorite weight-loss food of Jillian Michaels. "Lean protein helps you stay fuller for longer," Michaels tells us. "It has the amino acids that are the building blocks for muscle."
Try this recipe: BBQ Turkey Burgers
RELATED: These Are the Healthiest Fast Food Restaurants for Burgers
Middle Eastern rice salad
This 20-minute dish, which works equally well as a side or a stand-alone meal, is filled to the brim with nutritious ingredients. When it comes to fat burning, though, they're all outshined by the chickpeas.
Just one half-cup of cooked chickpeas—a staple of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine—contains roughly 7 grams of protein and about 6 grams of fiber, enough to fill you up without weighing you down.
Try this recipe: Middle Eastern Rice Salad
RELATED: 22 Mediterranean Diet Recipes
Energy-revving quinoa
Quinoa is one of the trendiest foods around, and for good reason: This earthy whole grain, which hails from South America, is packed with protein and fiber—a perfect combination for those who are looking to stay energized and keep their metabolism humming.
Black beans (another excellent source of fiber), fresh veggies, and fragrant spices round out this satisfying dish. Make it as a main meal for lunch or as a side dish with dinner.
Try this recipe: Energy-Revving Quinoa
Breakfast barley with banana and sunflower seeds
Looking for a healthy start to your day? Tired of oatmeal? Switch things up with this crunchy breakfast bowl. The combination of barley and banana provides nearly 8 grams of resistant starch, plus metabolism-boosting fiber, making this an ultra-satisfying morning meal.
And trust us, it's not nearly as boring as it looks: A spoonful of honey and a sprinkling of sunflower seeds give this hearty dish a delicious sweet-and-salty finish.
Try this recipe: Breakfast Barley with Banana and Sunflower Seeds
Curried egg salad sandwich
Eggs are an ideal food for weight loss meals. They're tasty, low in calories (about 80 per egg), and filled with satisfying protein that helps curb cravings. In fact, it's a shame to eat them only at breakfast.
This egg salad recipe, a zesty twist on a classic, offers a healthy new way to work eggs into lunchtime. The low-fat Greek yogurt used in place of mayo dials down the fat and calories, while the curry powder provides a jolt of antioxidants.
Try this recipe: Curried Egg Salad Sandwich
RELATED: 5 Ways to Eat Hard-Boiled Eggs That Aren't Egg Salad
Salmon noodle bowl
This 30-minute weight loss meal offers a bounty of nutritious and metabolism-boosting ingredients in a single bowl. The salmon and avocado are loaded with healthy fats, and the noodles and veggies are high in fiber.
The asparagus are the unsung hero of this dish, providing a wide range of essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A and C, folate, and iron.
Try this recipe: Salmon Noodle Bowl
Greek yogurt fruit parfait
If you're trying to shed a few pounds, this parfait might just be the perfect breakfast. Each layer—nectarines, plums, nuts, yogurt, puffed rice—provides a healthy dose of slimming fiber or protein.
Heck, this 5-minute dish is filling enough to have for lunch, thanks to the Greek yogurt, which is thicker, creamier, and more satisfying than regular low-fat yogurt.
Try this recipe: Greek Yogurt Fruit Parfait
RELATED: 5 Delicious Make-Ahead Breakfasts to Make Your Morning Easier
Black bean and chicken chilaquiles
This traditional Mexican breakfast food requires only eight ingredients, including chicken, queso blanco, and corn tortillas. It may look sinful, but because it's baked (rather than fried), it comes in under 300 calories and 2 grams of saturated fat per serving.
The key ingredient for weight-conscious eaters? Black beans. Their high protein and fiber content make them another weight-loss superfood.
Try this recipe: Black Bean and Chicken Chilaquiles
RELATED: 13 Easy Meal Prep Recipes for Weight Loss From Pinterest
Spicy Southwestern black bean chili
Did someone say black beans? This hearty soup, which delivers 17 grams of protein and 13 grams of fiber per serving, is a delicious showcase for these super-healthy legumes.
What's more, this recipe features two types of hot pepper: chili powder and jalapeños. As with all spicy foods, eating these peppers lights a fire under your metabolism, increasing your calorie burn rate.
Try this recipe: Spicy Southwestern Black Bean Chili
Creamy avocado cups
Put down the chips and dip! These simple bites will quell those mid-afternoon hunger pangs—and at just 30 calories a pop. (They're also perfect as party hors d'oeuvres.)
The source of this snack's appetite-suppressing power is oleic acid, a compound found in avocados' healthy monounsaturated fats. Oleic acid triggers the production of another compound in the small intestine, oleoylethanolamide, which send fullness signals to the brain.
Try this recipe: Creamy Avocado Cups
Pan-grilled salmon with pineapple salsa
Lean protein is essential to any successful weight-loss meal plan. And there's no better source of lean protein than salmon, which has the added benefit of being filled with monounsaturated fats (MUFAs).
These healthy fats have been shown to be a natural aid to weight loss. A 2001 study, for instance, found that people eating a MUFA-rich diet lost an average of nine pounds, while their counterparts on a low-fat diet gained six, on average.
Try this recipe: Pan-Grilled Salmon with Pineapple Salsa
Italian garbanzo salad
This vegetarian salad is a textbook example of the Mediterranean diet, which has become renowned for its ability to promote overall health, including a healthy weight.
This salad features some of the diet's key pillars: low-fat dairy (represented here by feta cheese), fresh vegetables (tomato, onion), healthy fats (olive oil), and lean protein (chickpeas). Best of all, one serving (1 cup) is only 159 calories!
Try this recipe: Italian Garbanzo Salad
Raw kale, grapefruit, and toasted hazelnut salad
Grapefruit—the scene-stealer of this salad—has a long-standing reputation for spurring weight loss. In fact, eating it at every meal was the basis of a fad diet that began in the 1930s and has made something of a comeback lately.
Guess what? It might actually work. In a 2006 study, overweight people who ate half a grapefruit at the beginning of each meal lost more weight than their fellow participants.
Try this recipe: Raw Kale, Grapefruit, and Toasted Hazelnut Salad
Dark chocolate and oat clusters
These tasty clusters offer up two appetite-suppressing ingredients: The oatmeal contains 1.7 grams of resistant starch, and the dark chocolate is full of healthy fats to help curb cravings.
Peanut butter—the glue that holds the clusters together—also provides satiating protein. The result? One satisfying and guilt-free treat.
Try this recipe: Dark Chocolate and Oat Clusters
Avocado whip
Sick of guacamole? Try this even creamier alternative, which gets its distinctive flavor from tahini and takes just five minutes to prepare.
Serve it as a dip for veggies, or use it as a spread on sandwiches. Either way, you'll get plenty of heart-healthy monounsaturated fats to help speed metabolism and keep you feeling full.
Try this recipe: Avocado Whip
Crisp chickpea slaw
Make this slaw for your weekday lunch or weekend picnic. Trust us: You—and your picnic buddies—won't be able to tell how healthy it is.
Chickpeas, also known as garbanzo beans, are loaded with slimming resistant starch. They're also a great source of protein and fiber, which will help keep you full until dinnertime.
Try this recipe: Crisp Chickpea Slaw
Red-lentil hummus
Lentils are a great substitute for chickpeas when it comes to making hummus. The red lentils used in this dip are a nice change of pace, but you won't lose any of the metabolism-boosting benefits associated with traditional hummus.
Lentils are loaded with filling fiber and protein, so just a little will go a long way in keeping you full. Enjoy this dip with raw broccoli or toasted whole-grain pita wedges.
Try this recipe: Red-Lentil Hummus
Ham, sliced pear and Swiss sandwich
This recipe is drooling with flavors and textures: Swiss cheese, pear, lean ham, yogurt-dill sauce, and pumpernickel bread. And it's loaded with filling fiber! One sandwich provides nearly one-third of your recommended daily intake of fiber, with the pear alone providing 15%.
Tip: Don't peel the skin; that's where most of the fiber-goodness is found. If you're looking for a hot meal, lightly spray the outsides of the bread with olive oil spray and press in a pan to make a grilled panini.
Try this recipe: Ham, Sliced Pear and Swiss Sandwich
Sunflower lentil spread
Try this spread in a veggie wrap or on whole-grain pita wedges for an afternoon snack. Either way, the mix of sunflower seeds and lentils will keep your belly satisfied. Lentils are a powerhouse provider of resistant starch, and in this recipe, they help you get nearly one-third of your way to your daily 10-gram goal.
Try this recipe: Sunflower Lentil Spread
Spiced banana-almond smothie
This satisfying smoothie is the perfect post-workout snack to cool you down and help soothe sore muscles. You'll get double the appetite-suppressing ingredients, with protein-rich almonds and bananas, which are loaded with resistant starch.
Try this recipe: Spiced Banana-Almond Smoothie
Egg and Rice Salad To Go
This 10-minute salad-to-go combines fresh flavors and colors from green beans, a hard-boiled egg, plums, walnuts, and brown rice.
Brown rice is a hearty, fiber-packed grain that's low in calories and high in resistant starch. A protein-packed hard-boiled egg and walnuts, which contain healthy omega-3 fats, pair together to help keep you full.
Try this recipe: Egg and Rice Salad to Go
RELATED: Are Eggs Actually Good for You?
Eggs Benedict With smoked salmon and avocado sauce
Eggs Benedict is a delicious and classic brunch dish. But English muffins topped with buttery hollandaise sauce isn't exactly the kindest combo for your waistline. For a healthier twist on your favorite savory a.m. treat, try this recipe for eggs benedict with smoked salmon and avocado. In this version, we swap the empty-carb English muffins for portobello mushrooms, and pile on an omega-3-packed serving of smoked salmon. And instead of hollandaise, we use a creamy avocado sauce, which also adds a dose of healthy fat.
Try this recipe: Healthy Eggs Benedict
RELATED: 35 Brunch Recipes That Wow
Asian rice noodle salad
This super-easy Asian rice noodle salad is the perfect healthy weight loss meal to whip up when you're short on time. It's really light, but still packed with filling and fat-burning brown rice, along with heart-healthy cabbage. Bonus: If you have leftover coleslaw, you can sauté it with garlic and ginger, then add a protein for a faster-than-takeout mu shu.
Try this recipe: Asian Rice Noodle Salad
All-American chili
This comfort-food favorite has two killer fat-burning ingredients: red kidney beans and a generous two teaspoons of chili powder.
The kidney beans are chock full of protein, helping this dish deliver a whopping 29 grams per serving (not to mention a full 8 grams of protein). The chili powder, meanwhile, gets its kick from capsaicin, a fiery compound found in chili peppers that literally heats up your body, spurring it to burn more calories.
Try this recipe: All-American Chili
Banana and almond butter toast
This simple yet tasty morning pick-me-up features no fewer than three of the best foods to eat for breakfast. The bananas and whole-grain rye bread are high in resistant starch, to help boost metabolism, while the almond butter adds hunger-curbing protein and healthy monounsaturated fats.
One slice contains just 280 calories, but it's guaranteed to keep you full until lunchtime.
Try this recipe: Banana & Almond Butter Toast
Citrus salad with crispy quinoa
When the weather gets chilly, a salad likely isn't the first thing you crave. Instead, you're probably tempted to indulge on not-so-healthy comfort foods. But good news: There are plenty of ways to make your meals both nutritious and satisfying. When it comes to salad, try topping your greens with some warm quinoa for a boost of protein (and comfort). No matter what time of year, this citrus salad with crispy quinoa and avocado is sure to hit the spot.
Try this recipe: Citrus Salad With Crispy Quinoa


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Reps. Tim Wirgau, Glen Casada: Out-of-work Tennesseans, You're On Your OwnWednesday, May 25th, 2011
Jobs aren't the only thing you can't find in Tennessee, we're also in the middle of a major leadership crisis.
Democrats won the fight to include jobless benefits for 28,000 Tennesseans in the final state budget, but it wasn't without callous and incorrect dissent from Republicans.
GOP Rhetoric:
Instead of looking for meaningful solutions to fix our state economy by laying out serious plans to put 300,000 out of work Tennesseans back on the job, our elected leaders Rep. Glen Casada and Rep. Tim Wirgau demonized citizens for being out of a job.
THE FACTS: Bad GOP Economy, Lack of Jobs to Go Around
Tennesseans are looking for jobs, but, under this Republican leadership, the state economy is toxic. When the jobs picture in 47 states has stabilized or improving – how is it that Tennessee's unemployment problem is getting worse? [Bloomberg, 5/20/11]
Payrolls grew in 42 states in April. The only states going the opposite direction were Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee.
The jobs that do open up are getting tons of attention.
- In Hamilton County, Amazon.com received 4,300 applications in two days. They can only hire a fraction of those people. You can't tell me people aren't looking. [Memphis Business Journal, 5/18/11]
- In Tullahoma, 60 people applied for 10 jobs — at McDonalds. [Tullahoma News & Guardian, 4/28/11]
- In Shelby County, more than 20,000 job-seekers applied over 14 days to work at a brewery that plans to hire 500 workers over the next five years. [The (Memphis) Commercial Appeal, 4/13/11]
- In Montgomery County, "thousands of people" attend a two-day job fair in Clarksville. [The Leaf-Chronicle, 4/28/11]
- In Rutherford County, 800 people apply for teaching positions. [Daily News Journal, 5/15/11]
- In Knox County, Jobs News' drew more than 1,400 seekers. [WVLT, 5/4/11]
Betsy Phillips at The Nashville Scene has more on Wirgau and Casada:
I hope y'all didn't miss this little gem on Friday. In a story about extending the unemployment benefits for thousands of our most-screwed Tennesseans, Glen "Let Then Eat Cake" Casada and Tim Wirgau argued against the measure.
Andy Sher, in the Chattanooga Times Free Press , has the relevant quotes.
First from Casada:
But Rep. Glen Casada, R-College Grove, the former House Republican Caucus chairman, spoke against acting, saying that although most of the money comes from the federal government, it affects all taxpayers.
"We cannot continue to borrow money to give to people who don't have a job after 79 weeks," Casada told the chamber. "I would contend the answer to that is it's up to individuals to help their family and their friends and neighbors who don't have a job."
Apparently Casada doesn't know that individuals who have family, friends and neighbors are taxpayers, but Casada is … well, Casada. Hard to even get mad at him anymore, really.
But Tim Wirgau is a more interesting case. He says, "We got people who can't find jobs, but we got more people who don't look for jobs because we keep handing them money." Got that? There are, according to Wirgau, people who can't find jobs — that's one group — but there's a larger group of people who don't even bother to look for jobs because they're lolling around counting that sweet unemployment money.
In Wirgau's own district in March, there were 3,420 people out of work. If some of them can't find jobs but "more" of them aren't even bothering to look, that means there are, at the least, 1,711 people in District 75 who just aren't trying hard enough, by Wirgau's own metric. There are jobs; those jackasses just aren't working them.
Here's my question: If what Wirgau says is true — there are all those people who could find jobs, if they'd just look, which would mean there's at least 1,711 open positions in his district, why isn't he setting up some kind of program to tell the people who can't find jobs about them?

subset: commoncrawl


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If you have allergies, then you know what it's like to suffer without your medication. Read to find answers to your questions on particular allergies.
Related Terms
- Allergen, allergic, allergic reaction, allergic response, allergy, allergy shots, anaphylactic reaction, anaphylaxis, animal dander, antibodies, antibody, antihistamines, dander, decongestants, dust, dust mites, histamine, hives, hypersensitivity, immune, immune defense system, Ig, IgE, immune-mediated, immune response, immune system, immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin E, immunotherapy, inflammation, latex, molds, leukotriene inhibitors, pet dander, pollen, radioallergosorbent test, RAST, sensitized, sensitization, skin test, trigger, white blood cells.
- An allergy, or hypersensitivity reaction, occurs when the body's immune system overreacts to a substance that is normally harmless (allergen), such as mold, pollen, animal dander or dust mites. The white blood cells of an allergic individual produce an antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE), which attaches to the allergen. This triggers the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals that cause allergic symptoms, such as runny nose, watery eyes and hives.
- If the allergen is airborne, the allergic reaction will primarily affect the eyes, nose and lungs. If the allergen is ingested, the allergic reaction will primarily affect the mouth, stomach and intestines. If enough inflammatory chemicals are released, a reaction such as hives or rash could occur throughout the body. The most severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, can lead to low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, shock, and loss of consciousness, all of which can be fatal.
- Allergies are extremely common, affecting more than 20% of Americans. The most common allergy triggers include pollen, dust mites, molds, animal dander, latex, foods and insect venom.
- Allergy treatment depends on the type of allergy and severity of symptoms. Commonly used allergy medications include antihistamines, nasal sprays, decongestants, leukotriene inhibitors and allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots).
Author information
- This information has been edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
- American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. . Accessed February 25, 2009.
- Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Rhinitis and Sinusitis. . Accessed February 25, 2009.
- Moffitt JE, Golden DB, Reisman RE, et al. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Oct;114(4):869-86.
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. . Accessed February 25, 2009.
- Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. . Copyright © 2009. Accessed February 25, 2009.
- Neugut AI, Ghatak AT, Miller RL. Anaphylaxis in the United States: an investigation into its epidemiology. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jan 8;161(1):15-21.
- The Cleveland Clinic Health Information Center. Allergy Overview. . Accessed February 25, 2009.
- Most allergies are inherited, which means they are passed on to children by their parents. Although people inherit a tendency to be allergic, they may not inherit an allergy to the same allergen. When one parent is allergic, their child has a 50% chance of having allergies. That risk jumps to 75% if both parents have allergies.
- Typically, an allergic response is not triggered the first time the body encounters the allergen. The first, or several times after the body is exposed to an allergen, the immune system becomes sensitized and prepares to react to the next encounter with the allergen. Once sensitized, the immune system can quickly detect the drug in the body and produce immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies trigger the release of chemical mediators, including histamine, which may cause allergic symptoms up to and including anaphylaxis.
- Common allergy triggers include pollen, dust mites, molds, animal dander, latex, foods and insect venom.
- Common allergy symptoms include runny nose, tearing eyes, burning or itching eyes, red or swollen eyes, coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, hives, skin rash, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, headache and itchy nose, postnasal drip, impaired smell, as well as itchy mouth, throat or skin.
- Skin test: A skin test is used to determine whether a patient is allergic to certain substances, such as mold, dust mites or animal dander. During the test, the skin is exposed to different allergy-causing substances (allergens) and then observed for an allergic reaction. Some tests, like the percutaneous (puncture, prick or scratch) test, detect immediate allergic reactions, which develop within minutes of exposure to an allergen. Other tests, like the epicutaneous (patch) test, detect delayed allergic reactions that develop over the course of several days. If an allergen triggers an allergic reaction to a test, the patient will develop reddening, swelling or a raised, itchy red wheal (bump) that looks similar to a mosquito bite. The healthcare provider will measure the size of the wheal and record the results. The larger the wheal, the more severe the allergy.
- Radioallergosorbent test (RAST): An allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) test, commonly referred to as radioallergosorbent test (RAST®) is a type of blood test that can help determine if a patient who experiences allergy symptoms, such as runny nose, watery eyes and hives, is allergic to particular substances called allergens.
- The in vitro test (performed outside of the body, in a laboratory setting) exposes a blood sample to suspected allergens (like dust mites, pollen or animal dander) to determine whether the patient has developed allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens.
- During the procedure, a sample of blood is taken from the patient. The blood is then sent to a laboratory that performs specific IgE blood tests. An allergen-antigen complex is bound to an allergosorbent (paper disk) and the patient's blood is added. If the blood contains antibodies to the specific antigen, it will bind to the "tagged" immunoglobulins.
- RAST® is less accurate than a skin test. However, if the patient has a severe skin disease (like eczema or psoriasis) that is present on large areas of skin on the arms or back, a skin test may not be possible. This is because the skin test may only be performed on the arms and back, and there may not be enough unaffected skin to perform a conclusive test. For these patients, an allergen-specific IgE test is the preferred diagnostic method.
- General: Allergy treatment depends on the type of allergy and severity of symptoms. Commonly used allergy medications include antihistamines, nasal sprays, decongestants, leukotriene inhibitors and immunotherapy (allergy shots).
- Short-acting antihistamines: Short-acting antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) have been used to relieve mild to moderate allergy symptoms. Most short-acting antihistamines are available over-the-counter. These medications often cause drowsiness, and they have shown to blunt learning in children (even in the absence of drowsiness). However, loratadine (Claritin®), an over-the-counter medication, does not cause drowsiness or affect learning in children. Patients should consult their healthcare providers to determine whether these medications are safe for children.
- Longer-acting antihistamines: Longer-acting antihistamines like fexofenadine (Allegra®) or cetirizine (Zyrtec®) are available by prescription for mild to moderate allergy symptoms. They cause less drowsiness than short-acting antihistamines, and they are equally effective. These medications do not usually interfere with learning. Patients should consult their healthcare providers to determine whether these medications are safe for children.
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays: Nasal corticosteroid sprays can effectively relieve allergy symptoms in patients who are not responding to antihistamines. Commonly prescribed corticosteroid sprays include fluticasone (Flonase®), mometasone (Nasonex®) and triamcinolone (Nasacort AQ®).
- Decongestants: Decongestants may help relieve symptoms such as nasal congestion (stuffy nose). These drugs shrink the tissues and blood vessels in the eyes and nose that swell in response to contact with an allergen. Nasal decongestant sprays like oxymetazoline (Afrin®) should not be used more than twice daily for three consecutive days because rebound nasal congestion may result. Decongestants in pill form do not cause this effect.
- Cromolyn sodium: Cromolyn sodium is available as a nasal spray (Nasalcrom®) for treating hay fever. Eye drop versions of cromolyn sodium are also available for itchy, bloodshot eyes.
- Leukotriene inhibitors: Leukotriene inhibitors like montelukast (Singulair®) have been used to control allergic asthma and to help relieve seasonal allergy symptoms.
- Immunotherapy (allergy shots): Allergen immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots, is often used to treat patients who suffer from severe allergies, or for those who experience allergy symptoms more than three months a year. Allergen immunotherapy involves injecting increasing amounts of an allergen to a patient over several months.
Integrative therapies
Good scientific evidence:
- Bromelain: Bromelain may be a useful addition to other therapies used for sinusitis (such as antibiotics) due to its ability to reduce inflammation/swelling. Studies report mixed results, although overall bromelain appears to be beneficial for reducing swelling and improving breathing. Better studies are needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
- Avoid if allergic to bromelain, pineapple, honeybee, venom, latex, birch pollen, carrots, celery, fennel, cypress pollen, grass pollen, papain, rye flour, wheat flour or other members of the Bromeliaceaefamily. Use cautiously with history of bleeding disorders, stomach ulcers, heart disease, liver disease or kidney disease. Use cautiously before dental or surgical procedures or while driving or operating machinery. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Butterbur: Good scientific evidence suggests that butterbur may be effective for allergic rhinitis prevention in susceptible individuals. Comparisons of butterbur to prescription drugs, such as fexofenadine (Allegra®) and cetirizine (Zyrtec®), have reported similar efficacy. Additional studies are warranted before a firm conclusion can be made.
- Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to Petasites hybridus or other plants from the Asteraceae/Compositae family (like ragweed, marigolds, daisies and chrysanthemums). Raw, unprocessed butterbur plant should not be eaten due to the risk of liver or kidney, damage or cancer. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Nasal irrigation: Good scientific evidence suggests that nasal irrigation may effectively treat allergies and chronic sinusitis. Well conducted clinical study is needed to make a conclusion in this area. Nasal irrigation is generally well tolerated. Use cautiously with a history of frequent nosebleeds. If the irrigation liquid is hot, the nose may become irritated.
- Probiotics: Use of probiotic Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in hypertrophic sinusitis (sinus inflammation) may reduce frequency of relapses and the need for antibiotic therapy.
- Probiotics are generally considered safe and well tolerated. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to probiotics. Use cautiously if lactose intolerant.
Unclear or conflicting scientific evidence:
- Acupuncture: There is currently insufficient available evidence on which to base recommendations for acupuncture in non-allergic rhinitis. However, studies suggest that it may offer possible benefits. Additionally, more studies are needed of stronger design to determine whether or not acupuncture offers benefit in sinusitis. Acupuncture should be avoided in patients with heart disease, pulmonary disease, infections, bleeding disorders, medical conditions of unknown origin, or neurological disorders. Pregnant women, the elderly, diabetics, people with a history of seizures, and those receiving radiation therapy and/or taking drugs increasing bleeding risks should also avoid acupuncture.
- Applied kinesiology: Applied kinesiology is commonly used for food allergy diagnosis. However, there is conflicting scientific evidence as to whether applied kinesiology is an effective diagnostic tool. Further research is warranted before a firm conclusion can be drawn. Applied kinesiology techniques in themselves are generally considered to be safe. However, medical conditions should not be treated with AK alone, and should not delay appropriate medical treatment.
- Aromatherapy: Despite widespread use in over-the-counter agents and vapors, there is not enough scientific evidence to recommend use of eucalyptus oil as a decongestant-expectorant (by mouth or inhaled form). The available studies are of poor quality, and have used combination therapies or 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), which is a component of eucalyptus. Further studies are needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
- Skin rash (dermatitis) from direct contact with various essential oils has been reported in humans, and skin irritation and allergies may develop with regular use. Peppermint and eucalyptus oils may burn the skin if applied at full strength. Severe skin sensitivity to light may occur. Aromatherapy vapors may irritate the eyes, and affect breathing. There are reports of agitation, drowsiness, nausea, and headache with the use of aromatherapy. Some oils may have toxic effects on the brain, liver and kidney; long-term use may also increase cancer risks. Caution is advised in people who are driving or operating heavy machinery. Essential oils may be toxic if taken by mouth, and should not be swallowed. Fragrances may contain unknown and potentially toxic contaminants. The use of these oils is discouraged during pregnancy, and infants and young children may be especially sensitive.
- Black seed: Studies in patients with allergies found that black seed decreased allergic disease severity, slightly decreased plasma triglycerides (levels of fat within the blood), and slightly increased HDL cholesterol. The effect of black seed for allergies is still not clear and further study is required.
- Avoid with a known allergy/hypersensitivity to black seed, its constituents, black seed oil, or to members of the Ranunculaceae family. Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported after topical use of black seed or the oil from the seed.
- Cat's claw: It has been suggested that cat's claw may help treat respiratory diseases involving allergies. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support this claim. More well-designed trials are needed to determine whether cat's claw is a beneficial treatment. Avoid if allergic to cat's claw orUncaria plants or plants in the Rubiaceae family such as gardenia, coffee, or quinine. Avoid with a history of conditions affecting the immune system (such as AIDS, HIV, some types of cancer, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus). Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or a history of stroke, or if taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding. Discontinue use two weeks before surgery/dental/diagnostic procedures with bleeding risk, and do not use immediately after these procedures. Cat's claw may be contaminated with other Uncaria species. Reports exist of a potentially toxic, Texan grown plant, Acacia gregii being substituted for cat's claw. Avoid if pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to become pregnant.
- Choline: Oral tricholine citrate (TRI) effectively relieved allergic rhinitis symptoms in limited available study. However, further research is needed before a firm conclusion can be made. Choline is generally regarded as safe and appears to be well tolerated. Avoid if allergic to choline, lecithin, or phosphatidylcholine.
- Elderberry and elder flower: Elder may offer benefits for bacterial sinusitis, such as reducing excessive mucus secretion. Herbal preparations containing elder may result in less swelling of mucus membranes, better drainage, milder headache, and decreased nasal congestion. Cyanide toxicity is possible. Avoid if allergic to elder or to plants related to honeysuckle. Some reports exist of allergies from contact with fresh elder stems. Use caution with diabetes, high blood pressure or urinary problems, or with drugs used for any of these conditions. Use caution with anti-inflammatories, diuretics ("water pills" for high blood pressure), or laxatives. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Ephedra: Preliminary study suggests that a nasal spray containing ephedrine, a chemical in ephedra, may help treat symptoms of nasal allergic rhinitis. Additional research is needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has collected more than 800 reports of serious toxicity, including more than 22 deaths. Avoid use in individuals younger than 18 years old. Avoid use for prolonged periods (longer than seven days) due to risk of abuse or toxicity. Discontinue use at least one week prior to major surgery or diagnostic procedures. Use cautiously with cardiovascular disease, including structural heart disease, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, cerebrovascular disease, or a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Use cautiously with depression, anxiety disorders, anorexia/bulimia, a history of suicidal ideation, insomnia, tremors, urinary retention, enlarged prostate, diabetes, kidney disease, glaucoma, thyroid disease, and peptic ulcer disease. Use cautiously with monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or stimulant use. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Eucalyptus oil: Despite widespread use in multiple over-the-counter agents and inhalation vapors, there is currently insufficient available evidence to recommend either for or against eucalyptus oil as a decongestant-expectorant (in oral or inhaled form). Avoid if allergic to eucalyptus oil or with a history of seizure, diabetes, asthma, heart disease, abnormal heart rhythms, intestinal disorders, liver disease, kidney disease, or lung disease. Use caution if driving or operating machinery. Avoid with a history of actue intermittent porphyria. Avoid during pregnancy or breastfeeding. A strain of bacteria found on eucalyptus may cause infection. Toxicity has been reported with oral and inhaled use.
- Honey: Currently there is insufficient human evidence to recommend honey for the treatment of rhinoconjunctivitis. Poor quality study reported no benefit of the use of honey for the treatment of rhinoconjunctivitis. Further research is necessary before a firm conclusion can be made. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to honey, pollen, celery, or bees. Honey is generally considered safe in recommended doses. Avoid honey from the genus Rhododendron because it may cause a toxic reaction. Avoid in infants younger than 12 months of age. Use cautiously with antibiotics. Potentially harmful contaminants (like C. botulinum or grayanotoxins) can be found in some types of honey and should be used cautiously in pregnant or breastfeeding women.
- Horseradish: Studies have indicated that some horseradish constituents have antibiotic activity. Clinical study has used a combination product that contained nasturtium herb and horseradish root to treat sinusitis. Although the treatment had similar results as the standard antibiotic therapy control, the effect of horseradish alone cannot be isolated due to the use of a combination product. Additional high-quality clinical studies are needed before a conclusion can be made. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), its constituents, or members of the Brassicaceae family. Large oral doses may provoke allergic reactions. Use cautiously with clotting disorders, hypotension (low blood pressure), thyroid disorders, kidney disorders, kidney inflammation, gastrointestinal conditions, skin ulcers, and stomach ulcers. Use cautiously if taking anticoagulants or antiplatelets (blood thinning agents), antihypertensives (blood pressure-lowering agents), anti-inflammatory agents, or thyroid hormones. Use cautiously if undergoing treatment for cancer. Avoid medicinal amounts of horseradish if pregnant or breastfeeding, as glucosinolates from horseradish are considered a toxin that can be excreted through breast milk and may pose a toxicity hazard. Also, based on herbal textbooks and folkloric precedent, horseradish has been used to induce abortion.
- Hypnotherapy, hypnosis: It has been suggested that hypnotherapy may be effective for allergies and may help treat hay fever. However, further research is necessary to determine whether it is an effective treatment. Use cautiously with mental illnesses like psychosis/schizophrenia, manic depression, multiple personality disorder or dissociative disorders. Use cautiously with seizure disorders.
- Kiwi: Currently, data on the therapeutic benefit of kiwi as a preventative for lung and other respiratory problems is lacking. More research is warranted before a recommendation can be made. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to kiwi, latex, birch pollen, banana, chestnut, fig, flour, melon, poppy seeds, rye grain, sesame seeds, and related substances. Kiwi is generally considered safe when taken in amounts naturally found in foods. Use cautiously with anti-platelet drugs like aspirin, cilostazol, or clopidogrel. Use cautiously with hormone therapies or serotonergic drugs. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding because clinical trials testing safety in supplemental doses are currently lacking. The amount found in foods appears to be safe in most people.
- Lactobacillus acidophilus: Limited available study suggests that the Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.acidophilus) strain L-92 (L-92) may be effective for the treatment of Japanese cedar-pollen allergy. Further research is needed to confirm these results. L. acidophilus may be difficult to tolerate if allergic to dairy products containing L. acidophilus. Avoid with history of an injury or illness of the intestinal wall, immune-disease, or heart valve surgery. Avoid with prescription drugs, such as corticosteroids, because of the risk of infection. Use cautiously with heart murmurs. Antibiotics or alcohol may destroyL. acidophilus. Therefore, it is recommended that L. acidophilus be taken three hours after taking antibiotics or drinking alcohol. Some individuals may use antacids, such as famotidine (Pepcid®) and esomeprazole (Nexium®), to decrease the amount of acid in the stomach one hour before taking L.acidophilus.
- MSM: According to preliminary clinical study, MSM reduces symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). However, larger controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to MSM. Long-term effects of supplementation with MSM have not been examined. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Onion: Research shows that topical application of an alcoholic onion extract significantly reduced responses to allergies. Although intriguing, more research is needed in this area to establish the efficacy and dosing of topical onion extracts. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to onion (Allium cepa), its constituents, or members of the Lilaceae family. Use cautiously with hematologic (blood) disorders, diabetes, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and hypotension (low blood pressure). Use cautiously if taking anticoagulants or antiplatelets (blood thinners). Avoid medicinal doses if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Perilla: Preliminary evidence suggests some benefit of perilla extract for seasonal allergies. Further clinical trials are required before conclusions can be made. Avoid if allergic/hypersensitive to perilla or members of the Lamiaciae/Labiatae family. Use cautiously with cancer, low HDL-cholesterol, and immune disorders. Use cautiously if taking NSAIDS or barbiturates. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Probiotics: Only a few types and combinations of probiotics have been studied as a possible allergy treatment. They have been studied mostly in children, teenagers, and young adults. Further research is necessary before a firm conclusion can be made. Probiotics are generally considered safe and well tolerated. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to probiotics. Use cautiously if lactose intolerant.
- Reflexology: Preliminary data suggests that self-applied reflexology may be as beneficial as self-applied nasal irrigation in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. However, data are insufficient for making definitive conclusions. More studies are needed. Avoid with recent or healing foot fractures, unhealed wounds, or active gout flares affecting the foot. Use cautiously and seek prior medical consultation with osteoarthritis affecting the foot or ankle, or severe vascular disease of the legs or feet. Use cautiously with diabetes, heart disease or the presence of a pacemaker, unstable blood pressure, cancer, active infections, past episodes of fainting (syncope), mental illness, gallstones, or kidney stones. Use cautiously if pregnant or breastfeeding. Reflexology should not delay diagnosis or treatment with more proven techniques or therapies.
- Shea butter: Studies show that shea butter may have nasal decongestant effects. More research is needed before a conclusion can be made. Shea butter may be unsafe in patients taking anticoagulants (blood-thinners), and in those with latex allergies.
- Sorrel: Research suggests that an herbal combination preparation containing sorrel, Sinupret®, may have beneficial effects in improving symptoms of sinusitis when used with antibiotics. It is not clear if these same effects would be seen with sorrel alone or what dose may be safe and effective. For allergic rhinitis, there is not enough evidence to make a conclusion at this time. More research of sorrel alone is needed. Avoid sorrel with a known allergy to sorrel or any of its constituents. Avoid large doses of sorrel because there have been reports of toxicity and death. Many tinctures contain high levels of alcohol and should be avoided when driving or operating heavy machinery. Sorrel formulations may cause nausea or vomiting when taken with the prescription drugs metronidazole (Flagyl®) or disulfiram (Antabuse®). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Spirulina: Anti-inflammatory properties of spirulina may help improve symptoms of allergic rhinitis. However, further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to spirulina or blue-green algae. Use cautiously with phenylketonuria (a genetic disorder of a liver enzyme that disrupts normal body functions), autoimmune diseases, bleeding disorders, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Use cautiously with products containing the blue-green algae species Anabaena spp., Aphanizomenon spp., and Microcystis spp.; in underweight patients or in those taking antiobesity agents or appetite suppressants; of if consuming a high-protein diet. Avoid in children or if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Stinging nettle: For many years, a freeze-dried preparation of Urtica dioica has been prescribed by physicians and sold over-the-counter for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Clinical trials demonstrating statistical significance over placebo and/or equivalence with other available treatments are needed to support the use of nettle in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to nettle, the Urticaceae family or any ingredient of nettle products. Use cautiously with diabetes, bleeding disorders, and/or low sodium levels in the blood. Use cautiously with diuretics and anti-inflammatory drugs. The elderly should also use nettle cautiously. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Thymus extract: Thymus extract may reduce allergy symptoms due to its potential immune stimulating effects. More clinical trials are required before recommendations can be made involving thymus extract for this use. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to thymus extracts. Use bovine thymus extract supplements cautiously due to potential for exposure to the virus that causes "mad cow disease." Avoid use with an organ transplant or other forms of allografts or xenografts. Avoid if receiving immunosuppressive therapy, with thymic tumors, myasthenia gravis (neuromuscular disorder), untreated hypothyroidism, or if taking hormonal therapy. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding; thymic extract increases human sperm motility and progression.
- Vitamin E: Although thought to aid in reducing the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, vitamin E intake may not be effective. Current evidence is limited, however, and more studies are needed before a firm conclusion can be drawn. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to vitamin E. For short periods of time, vitamin E supplementation is generally considered safe at doses up to 1,000 milligrams per day. Avoid doses higher than 1,000 milligrams a day. Avoid with retinitis pigmentosa (loss of peripheral vision). Use cautiously with bleeding disorders. The recommended dose of vitamin E for pregnant women of any age is 15 milligrams; for breastfeeding women of any age, the recommended dose is 19 milligrams. Use beyond this level in pregnant women is not recommended.
Fair negative scientific evidence:
- Applied kinesiology: Applied kinesiology (AK) has been used for diagnosis of allergies, but scant research has been done in this area. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that AK is not a reliable means of wasp venom allergy diagnosis. There is currently insufficient evidence on which to base recommendations for or against use of AK in this application. Applied kinesiology techniques in themselves are considered to be safe. However, medical conditions should not be treated with AK alone, and should not delay appropriate medical treatment.
- Grape seed: Grape seed has been used to treat immune system disorders due to its antioxidant effects. However, a well-designed human study of allergic rhinitis sufferers showed no improvement in allergy symptoms with administration of grape seed extract ingredients. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to grapes or other grape compounds. Use cautiously if taking blood thinners such as warfarin, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), or anti-platelet agents. Use cautiously with bleeding disorders or if taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleeding. Use cautiously with drugs processed using the liver's "cytochrome P450" enzyme system. Use cautiously with blood pressure disorders or if taking ACE inhibitors. Avoid with disorders that increase the risk of bleeding or with active bleeding disorders (stomach ulcers, bleeding into the brain, etc.). Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
- Avoid substances that trigger allergic reactions. Patients who are allergic to pollen should remain indoors in the morning and evening when outdoor pollen levels are highest.
- Keep windows closed, and use the air conditioner, if possible, in the house and car.
- Do not dry clothes outside.
- Avoid unnecessary exposure to other environmental irritants such as insect sprays, tobacco smoke, air pollution and fresh tar or paint.
- Regularly wash the hands and face to remove pollen.
- A humidifier may help remove some of the allergens out of the air.
- Children who have been breastfed are less likely to develop allergies. In addition, a mother who avoids cow's milk, eggs, nuts and peanuts while breastfeeding may help prevent allergy-related conditions, such as eczema, in some children.
- There is evidence that infants who are exposed to airborne allergens like dust mites and animal dander may be less likely to develop related allergies.
- Individuals with a history of anaphylaxis should carry an autoinjectable epinephrine device (known as an EpiPen®) with them at all times.
- Anaphylaxis is a rapid, immune-mediated (allergic), systemic reaction to allergens (like food, medication or insect stings) that the individual has previously been exposed to. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical treatment, as well as follow-up care with an allergist or immunologist. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary from mild to severe and may be potentially life threatening. The most dangerous symptoms are low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, shock and loss of consciousness, all of which can be fatal. Epinephrine is a medication used to treat anaphylaxis. Administering the epinephrine as soon as possible improves the chances of survival and a quick recovery.
- Individuals who have a history of anaphylaxis should carry an autoinjectable epinephrine device (EpiPen®) with them at all times. If symptoms of anaphylaxis appear after exposure to an allergen or medication, the patient uses the device to inject the epinephrine into his/her thigh. A trained family member or friend may help the patient administer the epinephrine, if necessary.
- Anaphylaxis is a rapid, immune-mediated (allergic), systemic reaction to allergens (like food, medication or insect stings) that the individual has previously been exposed to. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical treatment, as well as follow-up care with an allergist or immunologist. Symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary from mild to severe and may be potentially life threatening. The most dangerous symptoms are low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, shock and loss of consciousness, all of which can be fatal. Epinephrine is a medication used to treat anaphylaxis. Administering the epinephrine as soon as possible improves the chances of survival and a quick recovery.
- Individuals who have a history of anaphylaxis should carry an autoinjectable epinephrine device (EpiPen®) with them at all times. If symptoms of anaphylaxis appear after exposure to an allergen or medication, the patient uses the device to inject the epinephrine into his/her thigh. A trained family member or friend may help the patient administer the epinephrine, if necessary.
Types of allergic reactions
- Allergic reactions can be classified into four immunopathologic categories using various classification systems. The Gell and Coombs allergic classification system is based on the immune system's response to the allergen, not on the severity of the reaction.
- Type I: Type I allergic reactions involve immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is specific for a particular drug, antigen or other allergen that triggers the allergic reaction. The allergen binds to the immunoglobulin on specific immune cells called basophils and mast cells. This binding results in the release of chemicals that cause inflammation in the body (such as histamine, serotonin, proteases, bradykinin generating factor, chemotactic factors from immune cells, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxanes) within 30 minutes of exposure. These chemical mediators cause allergy symptoms, such as urticaria (hives), runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing, wheezing and itching. This type of allergic reaction is often seen with penicillin, latex, blood products and vaccines.
- Type II: This classification is called a cytotoxic reaction because it involves the destruction of the host cells. An antigen associated with a specific cell initiates cytolysis (breakdown of the cell) by an antigen-specific antibody, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM). This reaction often involves blood elements, such as red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. It often occurs within five to 12 hours of exposure to the allergen, which may include penicillin, quinidine, phenylbutazone, thiouracils, sulfonamides or methyldopa.
- Type III: This category involves the formation of an antigen-antibody immune complex, which deposits on blood vessel walls and activates cell components called complements. This causes a serum sickness-like syndrome, involving fever, swelling, skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes, in about three to eight hours. It may be caused by a variety of allergens, including penicillins, sulfonamides, intravenous (IV) contrast media and hydantoins.
- Type IV: This classification involves delayed cell-mediated reactions. Antigens on the allergen release inflammatory mediators within 24 to 48 hours of exposure. This type of reaction is seen with graft rejection, latex, contact dermatitis and tuberculin reaction.
Common triggers
- Pollen: Each spring, summer and fall, plants release tiny particles called pollen into the air in order to reproduce. Pollen from plants, such as ragweed, can trigger allergy symptoms.
- Dust: Dust mites are microscopic organisms that live in dust and in the fibers of household objects like pillows, mattresses and carpets. Dust mites prefer warm, humid areas. Household dust is a combination of potentially allergenic materials, including fibers from different fabrics, animal dander, bacteria, mold, fungus spores, food particles, bits of plants or other allergens.
- Molds: Molds are parasitic, microscopic fungi (like Penicillium) that have spores that float in the air like pollen. Mold is a common trigger for allergies, and it is usually found in damp areas, such as the basement or bathroom, as well as outside in grass, leaf piles, hay or mulch. In some people, symptoms of mold allergy may be triggered or worsened after eating certain foods, such as cheese processed with fungi. Mold spores peak during hot, humid weather.
- Animal dander: Animals secrete oily fluids from their skin, which contain allergens. These fluids collect on fur, feathers and other surfaces inside the home. Proteins in the animal's saliva also cause allergic reactions. The allergens are capable of triggering reactions for several months. Allergies to animals can take two or more years to develop, and symptoms may not subside until months after discontinuing contact with the animal.
- Latex: Latex, a substance found in products like rubber gloves or condoms, can also trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people. A component of the latex substance itself is an allergen. In addition, the latex glove powder residue is an airborne allergen that causes upper airway allergic reactions in some people. Latex reactions may cause a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. According to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) about 220 cases of anaphylaxis and three deaths per year are attributed to latex allergies.
- Foods: Food allergens are those parts of foods, usually proteins, which lead to allergic reactions. Most allergens can still cause allergic reactions even after they are cooked or have been digested. However, some allergens (usually from fruit and vegetables) only cause allergic reaction if eaten raw. These reactions are usually limited to the mouth and throat. According to the AAAAI, six foods, including milk, peanuts, soy, eggs, wheat and tree nuts (like pecans and walnuts), cause 90% of food allergies in children. Children usually outgrow allergies to milk, eggs and soy, but peanut, tree nut, fish and shellfish allergies continue throughout adulthood.
- Insect venom: The honeybee, yellowjacket, paper wasp, white-faced hornet (bald-faced hornet) and fire ant are among the most common insects that trigger insect sting or bite allergies. Since the stinger is a modified egg-laying apparatus, only females can sting.
Copyright © 2011 Natural Standard (www.naturalstandard.com)
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.


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Only in McHenry County can a middle finger cause such a distraction in the middle of an important political campaign.
In 2002, it was a hefty tabby cat flipping the finger – er, paw – to voters in a mailer sent by Democrat Nancy Vazzano in her campaign for treasurer against incumbent Bill LeFew.
In 2013, it's McHenry County Undersheriff and sheriff's candidate Andrew Zinke giving the bird – or not – to local blogger Cal Skinner.
Skinner claims Zinke gave him the middle finger at Crystal Lake's Independence Day parade back in July, and posted a photo to support that claim on his blog.
Zinke, who is one of three announced candidates to replace Sheriff Keith Nygren after Nygren retires at the end of his current term, denies Skinner's claim and says that whatever the photo depicts was inadvertent.
Zinke went so far as to explain his side of the story in an email to county officials. Problem was, Zinke used his Sheriff's Office email address to send his message, and he did so while he was on duty. Both possibly violate ethics rules prohibiting campaigning with taxpayer resources.
Skinner filed a complaint with the county's Ethics Commission, arguing that Zinke violated the county's ethics ordinance.
Zinke filed a countercomplaint alleging that Skinner's original complaint was frivolous.
It's all made for some interesting headlines, but it's done little to push the campaign for sheriff forward.
Zinke faces a challenge in the March Republican Party primary from retired police commander Bill Prim. The winner of the primary will face independent candidate Jim Harrison in November's general election. There's still plenty of time for other candidates to jump into the race.
A lot of time and energy have been spent on this middle-finger issue that would be better spent on the real issues in this campaign.
As Nygren's handpicked successor, Zinke essentially is the establishment candidate. If voters think Nygren has done a good job and want to continue his policies and practices, Zinke may be their choice.
Prim has the support of State's Attorney Louis Bianchi. He says the Sheriff's Office is top heavy with administrators and is run like a private club, with insiders given preferential treatment.
Harrison also says there is a culture of political favoritism within the department and promises to bring political independence to it.
There is plenty to debate here without focusing on such petty stuff.
Middle finger or no middle finger, it's time to let this bird fly away.
• • •
Crystal Lake South High School and School District 155 can't seem to annoy their neighbors along Amberwood Drive enough.
First, they built ginormous new bleachers and placed them too close to several residents' properties according to city code, leading some neighbors to file suit. And now they've placed several portable toilets behind those towering bleachers, in the direct view of the neighbors' homes.
Why doesn't the school district just get it over with and move all of its garbage dumpsters back there too?
• • •
For the past couple of years, the Northwest Herald's Editorial Board has been pushing the McHenry County Board to put a referendum on the ballot asking voters countywide whether they'd prefer to elect the County Board's chairman at the ballot box.
Under the current system, voters elect County Board members by district, and then the elected County Board members choose their own chairman every two years. We've been strong proponents of voters being able to decide whether they'd prefer the status quo or whether they'd like to change the system.
So in an Aug. 22 "Our View" editorial, we congratulated the County Board for finally placing such a referendum on the March 2014 ballot. But our editorial went a step too far in saying that we've been longtime proponents of changing the system – having voters elect the board chairman at-large.
That's not the case.
The Editorial Board, of which I'm a member, actually has not taken a position on the ballot question's merits. There are strong arguments for both changing and maintaining the current system, and in the months leading up to the March election, we'll explore those.
As it does before each election, our Editorial Board likely will make a recommendation on this referendum. But I and other Editorial Board members need to carefully examine all sides of the issue before doing so.
Thanks to McHenry County Board member Michael Skala for bringing the editorial's discrepancy to our attention.
• Dan McCaleb of Crystal Lake is group editor of Shaw Media's suburban publications, which includes the Northwest Herald. He can be reached at 815-526-4603, or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter at @Dan_McCaleb.


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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process where sperm and an egg are joined together outside of the body to create an embryo. The embryo can then be inserted into a mother's uterus.
|Fallopian Tube, Ovary, and Uterus
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Reasons for Procedure
IVF is done to help a woman become pregnant when there is difficulty becoming pregnant naturally.
It is most often done when infertility is due to:
- Damaged fallopian tubes
- Ovulation disorders
- Cervical factors
- Male factors, such as low sperm count or poor-quality sperm
Possible Complications
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
- Inability to become pregnant after treatment
- Having multiple babies
- The embryo develops outside the uterus— ectopic pregnancy
- Anesthesia-related problems
- Short- and long-term adverse effects from fertility drugs
- Ovarian rupture (rare)
Factors that may increase the risk of not conceiving and carrying to term include:
- Women being over age 40 years
- Drinking alcohol
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Your doctor will likely do the following:
- Physical and pelvic exam
- Infertility testing for both you and your partner
- Hormone treatments to stimulate production of multiple eggs
- Repeated blood tests and ultrasound exams to monitor the development of multiple egg follicles (the fluid-filled cyst that contains an egg)
- Schedule an appropriate time to harvest (collect) mature eggs—closely timed to coincide with ovulation
- General anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, or IV sedation may be used during harvesting of the eggs
- No anesthesia is used during the transfer of the fertilized embryo
Description of the Procedure
The male, if fertile, refrains from ejaculating for 2-3 days. He then collects semen through masturbation. Penile scar tissue or other conditions may block the natural release of sperm. If this is the case, a sperm aspiration from the testicles may be done. Sometimes, the man's sperm can be frozen ahead of time. If the male partner is unable to produce viable sperm, donor sperm may be used. If male sperm counts are low, the chance of successful fertilization may be improved by directly injecting the sperm into the egg. This is called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
An ultrasound-guided technique is often used to harvest the eggs. The ultrasound probe has a needle attached to the end. The instruments are inserted into the vagina. The ultrasound uses sound waves to view the ovaries and the developed egg follicles in the ovaries. The needle punctures the egg follicles. The fluid and eggs are removed through the needle. The fluid is inspected. It is immediately placed in a clean, nutritive culture material. The fluid will be kept in an incubator.
Between 50,000 and 100,000 of the most mobile, healthy sperm are chosen. They are mixed with the harvested eggs. Sometimes, ICSI may be done. It may help to increase the chances of fertilization. The culture dish is kept at normal body temperature inside an incubator for 2-3 days. During that time, sperm are expected to fertilize 60%-80% of the eggs. Once fertilized, early cell division begins and embryos develop.
A certain number of the embryos (usually 1-5) are placed into the uterus 3-6 days after fertilization. Fewer embryos decrease the chance of multiples (such as twins, triplets). The other embryos may be frozen. They may be saved for future IVF cycles. You may also choose to donate them to other infertile couples.
A catheter tube is inserted into the vagina. It will be threaded through the cervical canal and into the uterus. The embryos are then passed into the uterus. You may be positioned face down with your knees at your chest. A special table that tilts the uterus downward may also be used. These positions allow gravity to help keep the embryos in the uterus for implantation.
How Long Will It Take?
- Harvesting—30 minutes or less
- Transfer procedure—lasts about 10 minutes
How Much Will It Hurt?
The egg harvesting can be uncomfortable. Anesthesia is given to decrease the discomfort.
Post-procedure Care
Following the procedures, expect to rest at the center for a few hours before going home.
You should be able to resume normal activities within a few days.
Follow-up care may be necessary:
- Return in 10-12 days for a pregnancy test.
- If the pregnancy test indicates conception, an ultrasound will be scheduled for a few weeks later. It will be able to see if more than one egg is growing.
- If all is going well, you will start your prenatal care. It is important to go to all of your scheduled appointments.
It can be difficult to wait 2 weeks for the results. Even if pregnancy occurs, a miscarriage remains a possibility. If pregnancy did not occur, the next attempt should be at least 1 month later.
Call Your Doctor
Call your doctor if any of the following occur:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, or severe nausea or vomiting
- Any unusual symptoms
If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.acog.org
Reproductive Facts—American Society for Reproductive Medicine http://www.reproductivefacts.org
The Infertility Awareness Association of Canada http://www.iaac.ca
Women's Health Matters http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca
American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Committee Opinion. Fetil Steril. 2008; 90(S3):187.
In vitro fertilization (IVF). American Society for Reproductive Medicine website. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/topics/detail.aspx?id=1278. Accessed May 22, 2013.
International Council on Infertility Information Dissemination website. Available at: http://www.inciid.org/index.php?page=ivf. Accessed March 14, 2016.
What is in vitro fertilization: Why to select it. The National Infertility Association website. Available at: http://www.resolve.org/family-building-options/what-is-in-vitro-fertilization-why-to-select-it.html. Published Summer 2012. Accessed March 14, 2016.
2/4/2011 DynaMed Plus Systematic Literature Surveillance https://www.dynamed.com : Rossi BV, Berry KF, et al. Effect of alcohol consumption on in vitro fertilization. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(1):136-142.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Beverly Siegal, MD, FACOG
- Review Date: 03/2018
- Update Date: 04/29/2014


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A burn is an injury to the skin or other organic tissue primarily caused by heat or due to radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction or contact with chemicals. Skin injuries due to ultraviolet radiation, radioactivity, electricity or chemicals, as well as respiratory damage resulting from smoke inhalation, are also considered to be burns.
Globally, burns are a serious public health problem. An estimated 265 000 deaths occur each year from fires alone, with more deaths from scalds, electrical burns, and other forms of burns, for which global data are not available.
在线观看|影视免费观看vipOver 96% of fatal fire-related burns occur in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to those who die, millions more are left with lifelong disabilities and disfigurements, often with resulting stigma and rejection.
在线观看|影视免费观看vipThe suffering caused by burns is even more tragic as burns are so eminently preventable. High-income countries have made considerable progress in lowering rates of burn deaths, through combination of proven prevention strategies and through improvements in the care of burn victims. Most of these advances in prevention and care have been incompletely applied in low- and middle-income countries. Increased efforts to do so would likely lead to significant reductions in rates of burn-related death and disability.
Harmonizing global burn data collection
在线观看|影视免费观看vipWHO and partners are pilot testing a new burn data collection instrument.


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Salt marshes like the one shown in (A) are often found in lagoons. This is where muddy sediment, rich in organic material, collects. This muddy sediment may eventually form a rock like the shale shown in (B). Sometimes there are little layers in the shale called laminations that formed when the sediment settled down to the bottom of the lagoon. Other times, plant roots disrupt the laminations and they are impossible to see.
Back to the Table of Environments
(A) Bruce Molnia, Terra Photographics courtesy of Earth Science World Imagebank and (B) courtesy of State of New York.
Last modified January 6, 2004 by Lisa Gardiner.


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R&B crooner Aaron Neville's real estate portfolio just got a whole lot sweeter. The Grammy-winning musician and his wife Sarah Friedman just picked up an apartment in the Village for $1.44 million, reports the New York Observer. The couple even scored a discount on the pad since it was originally listed for $1.579 million.
According to the New York Observer, the couple plans to fully renovate the duplex penthouse they just bought. The home boasts the top two floors of the full service "condo-op" (according to the listing) with custom plantation shutters throughout, which the duo is reportedly planning to remove in the renovation. There are two bedrooms and two baths in the singer's new pad, as well as a views of Grace Church and a spacious private rooftop terrace.
With Neville joining the ranks of other notable names setting up camp in this downtown 'hood, could Greenwich Village soon be replacing the 90210 as the most coveted destination for celebrities?


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Popular search terms:
apply online, campus map, admissions events, tuition, transcripts, calendar, graduation, scholarships, nursing, bookstore, registrar, academic calendar, athletics
Please click here for the latest information regarding Benedictine University's response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.
Krasa Student Center Dining Room
Spacious and accommodating with seating for as many as 800 guests, yet decorated like a cozy Mediterranean cafe with well appointed tables, couches and chairs, the Krasa Student Center Dining Room features a sweeping panorama of well-tended lawns and woods and an unequalled view overlooking the north end of campus. Don't need that much space? The Main Dining Room can also be partitioned for more intimate gatherings from 10 to 100 people. Host your next function in style and comfort at the Krasa Student Center Dining Room.
Krasa Fireside Lounge
Planning a small reunion? A cozy gathering of co-workers or family? Or just need space to get together following a business meeting elsewhere on campus? The Krasa Student Center Fireside Lounge features intimate space for cocktails and networking, or room for your group or organization to entertain that special speaker.
Krasa Presentation Room
Start your business event or meeting in the adjacent Krasa Presentation Room which features arena-style seating for up to 120 people, as well as audio-visual and Wi-Fi capabilities and 12-by-12 foot screen.
Need to get away from the office without leaving town? Host your next business retreat in one of our 45 classrooms. Each classroom seats between 18 and 52 people and is equipped with a computer, projector, and screen. Additional audio-visual equipment may be requested at an additional charge. Benedictine also has three lecture halls and three computer labs at your disposal.
Jaeger Hall
Jaeger Hall is located right next to the Krasa Center. Jaeger hosts five computer terminals with Internet access and a printer on the first floor. It also has an entertainment system in the second floor lounge. Jaeger Hall houses a total of 125 students on four floors.
Neuzil Hall
Neuzil Hall is the northernmost hall and is closest to the Dan and Ada Rice Center. The hall consists of suite-style rooms, each housing a total of four students for a total building population of 158 students. Each suite is carpeted and consists of two bedrooms and one bath with shower. It hosts a computer learning/resource center in its basement with ten computer terminals with Internet access and a printer. Neuzil Hall is an upper-class co-educational residence hall for returning students.
Ondrak Hall
Ondrak Hall is located on the south end of campus. It has five computer terminals with Internet access and a printer on the second floor. Ondrak also offers carpeted rooms and a relaxing lounge with an entertainment system on the first floor. The occupancy is all male, with a capacity of 179 students.
Founders Woods
The Founders' Woods Apartment Community is part of Residence Life which offers the perfect combination of luxury and convenience. Our one, two and four bedroom apartment homes present additional residency options to students at an affordable cost.
Founders' Woods apartment homes are spacious, well designed and beautifully furnished with all the amenities you would expect from a luxury apartment community in the Lisle area. However, you will quickly realize the enhanced environment that Founders' Woods provides. Our apartment homes stand apart from all other communities. These apartment homes are conveniently located at Benedictine University, an easy walk to any place on campus.
Flexible spaces and a great atmosphere - Benedictine University's Coal Ben has it all. One side is a trendy, pub-like eatery with four TV screens and a bar/coffee shop connected to a large out door patio area, perfect for gathering up to 100 friends, family, or co-workers. The other side features an open seating area that can accommodate up to 80 people. A giant projection screen is perfect for watching the next big game. No matter what the occasion - birthday, bar mitzvah, bridal shower or business meeting - check out the Coal Ben.
Located just a few minutes from the Benedictine University's main campus in Lisle and conveniently situated near I-88 (Ronald Reagan Tollway) and Naperville Road, the Moser Center campus on Diehl Road in Naperville offers six classrooms equipped with flex seating or nova workstations ideal for workshops, conferences and presentations for smaller groups. Classrooms can accommodate from 20 to 100 students. Each classroom is equipped with state-of-the-art technology, including Smartboards. The Moser Center also offers convenient parking and a cafe featuring wireless internet and internet workstations.
|Auxiliary Enterprises
|Lownik Hall - Main Floor
Monday - Friday
8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
|Christie Rasmussen
(630) 829-6019


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I hope everyone had a safe and enjoyable 2013 Snowdown. My experience was losing in the first round of the Snowdown Cribbage Tournament and catching a cold that kept me away from any weekend events.
However, the weekend was not lost. On Sunday, I Got my Geek On by loading up a van full of Country Nerds and heading out all over La Plata County.
These Country Nerds are 4-H members and volunteers involved in the La Plata County Fair boards Catch-it program. The Catch-it program is a great way for our young agrarians to receive guidance and support in taking on a breeding project. In addition, they receive local sponsorship funding to purchase their female animal.
Our members keep up monthly with the Cattlemens Association, Greer Gravel, First National Bank, Durango Elks Lodge, WESODI Inc., Ridgeline Construction, Durango Coca-Cola, La Plata County Energy Council and the Animas Valley 4-H Club to let these kind sponsors know how their lives and projects are going. It is a terrific way to teach responsibility, kindness and building positive community partnerships.
This year we have three first-year beef project and three second-year beef project participants. Sunday was our first Catch-it tour of the year to check in on all the heifers. We started west of Hesperus, made our way to the Florida Mesa, down to Ignacio and ended out on Sauls Creek outside Bayfield.
Each stop allowed the youths to show off their heifers, explain what they have been feeding it and ask questions.
This allowed the volunteer leaders to give advice on possible better feeding, maintenance and winter care-taking tips. It also allowed all members to compare their heifers with others.
Furthermore, it was just a great opportunity for our members and volunteers to gain team-building skills. The van ride was full of great discussions celebrating our agriculture traditions.
Dont let the cowboy hats, boots and belt buckles fool you. Thanks to Nona Patcheck, Keanna Smith, Garrett Van Den Burg, Bryannah Isiordia, Michael Semler and Kaniesha Valley for helping me get my Country Geek on.
In other great news, 4-H Rabbit Camp is coming up. They will be hopping around all weekend March 1-3 at the La Plata County Fairgrounds. Rabbit Camp will allow campers to show their rabbits and provide them an excellent opportunity to experience what goes on behind the scenes at a rabbit show. Workshops will include showmanship, judging, records, interviews and creative design on how to compete on a state and national level.
The camp is open to all 4-H and potential 4-H members. Please call the Extension office or Raejean Riegel at 588-3370 for more information or to register.
Finally, I would like to highlight the Westside Wranglers 4-H Clubs winter community service event. Currently, it is doing a coat drive. There are two big boxes outside the Extension office where you can drop them off. Thanks for your support.
email@example.com or 382-6463. Greg Felsen is La Plata County 4-H youth development agent.


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For those of you, who have not heard about powertop, it is a tool to monitor the power consumption on your system. It has a tab which shows the tuneable parameters. Doing the changes suggested in those would improve the life to quite an extent. Here is the description of powertop:
PowerTOP is a tool that finds the software component(s) that makeyour computer use more power than necessary while it is idle.
So, here is something that you can do to quickly apply the changes suggested by tuneable parameters.
First, get the report in html format using
sudo powertop --html
With this you will get powertop.html and now quickly get the xidel binary from sourceforge site. Once you have got that exeute the command
xidel powertop.html -e "css('html body div#tuning table tr td:nth-child(2)')"
This will show you all the tuneable parameters of your system 🙂
Related articles


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Personal Thoughts On The PSR-3 Log Proposal
Posted by Stuart Herbert on December 29th, 2012 in Opinion, PSR.
I've mixed feelings about the PSR standards to date.
- PSR-0 has standardised autoloading in a practical way. Sure, it does have an evil design flaw (different classes can map to the same file on disk), but in practice it's not a problem that happens.
- I'd have personally liked to have seen PSR-1 go further, and address method naming in more detail (in particular, that method names should start with a verb), and also address getters/setters and protected vs private.
- I've no personal interest in PSR-2, and am philosophically against "layout" coding standards like this.
… so I wasn't sure what to expect when I decided to add PSR-3 support to a private framework I use to build test tools at DataSift.
What Is PSR-3?
PSR-3 is a proposed standard (voting has finished, it should appear as an accepted standard when the PSR folks recover from too much Christmas turkey) describing a common logging interface for PHP frameworks.
It's based on a small subsection of RFC 5424, which describes the Syslog standard, which is a very sensible choice. Sysadmins think in terms of Syslog levels, and they utterly hate dealing with loggers that don't map cleanly onto Syslog.
What Does The Interface Look Like?
To support PSR-3, you're required to implement the following methods:
- emergency($message, $context = array())
- alert($message, $context = array())
- critical($message, $context = array())
- error($message, $context = array())
- warning($message, $context = array())
- notice($message, $context = array())
- info($message, $context = array())
- debug($message, $context = array())
- log($logLevel, $message, $context = array())
You can see the proposed interface in full here, including the constants for $logLevel.
The $context is a list of named parameters to substitute into the $message. The special parameter 'exception' is reserved for an exception that needs to be added to the logs.
A Critique of PSR-3
PSR-3 is built on a good idea, but there's three areas where I think PSR-3 could have been better:
- the method names in the LoggerInterface
- the handling of the exception parameter
- the LogLevel constants
I'd have also liked to have seen trace level logging supported, although I can understand why most PHP developers won't be aware of that practice.
Better Method Names
It's perhaps a small thing, but I'm a big fan of making code more readable by having all method names start with a verb. I find that it makes code more self-descriptive, and that it's much easier for casual contributors to grok.
So, instead of this:
- $logger->emergency("Captain, she canna take no more");
we could instead have had:
- $logger->logEmergency("Captain, she canna take no more");
Like I say, a small thing, but in my experience it's improving all of the small things that leads to big successes, especially in larger code bases.
Handling The Exception Parameter Properly
To paraphrase, the PSR-3 standard says this about the $context parameter: "here's a list of key/value parameters, but one is special". That "but" is a code smell!
Not being able to treat all of the key/value parameters equally (slightly) increases the complexity of handling $context, increases the performance cost of logging, and forces the Logger implementation to do things that PHP could handle for us.
A better solution would be to move the exception out of the $context and make it a separate parameter like this:
- logEmergency($message, $context = array(), Exception $cause = null)
This would allow PHP to make sure that only a genuine Exception was passed into the log method, and would allow the implementation to treat all of the key/value pairs in $context equally. This is a cleaner interface to implement.
Log-Level Constants
RFC 5424 defines the log levels as an ordered set of integers. This is deliberate, as it makes it trivial to say "only log warnings and above". Unfortunately, because it was difficult to crowbar this into Monolog, the decision was taken to go with strings for the log-level constants. This regrettably increases the complexity of all other loggers.
If you look at pull-request to add PSR-3 to Monolog, you'll notice that Monolog is explicitly relying on the value of the PSR-3 constants to map them directly onto Monolog class constants:
375 + public function log($level, $message, array $context = array()) 376 + { 377 + if (is_string($level) && defined(__CLASS__.'::'.strtoupper($level))) { 378 + $level = constant(__CLASS__.'::'.strtoupper($level)); 379 + } 380 + 381 + return $this->addRecord($level, $message, $context); 382 + }
This is done because (ironically) Monolog already uses numerical log levels internally, with the debug level having a value of 100, and the emergency level having the value of 600. There was obviously the risk of Monolog log level constants being passed in instead of the PSR-3 constants, where it would have been impossible to tell them apart if they were both numeric. I'm sure other existing loggers probably face similar issues.
It's a tricky issue, but on balance I think the wrong decision was made here for the wrong reason, and the community would have been better served longer-term if PSR-3 had supported the RFC 5424 values for the log level constants.
Final Thoughts
PSR-3 isn't objectionable … it's just that it could have been a bit better than it is.
I've added both PSR-3 support and the revised methods from this blog post to my internal LogLib. PSR-3 will allow me to inject LogLib into third-party components that support it. My own code will be using the revised methods I've proposed here, for the reasons mentioned above.Comments Off on Personal Thoughts On The PSR-3 Log Proposal


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Bedtime Stretched Canvas Print | Personalized name horse iPad sleeve | Personalized name horse messenger bags
Cute ponies for the bedroom and schoolIf you know a boy or girl who loves ponies then here's a collection that should give you some gift ideas.
Any boy or girl will love them - some for bedroom and some for school. Which of these would be best?
Click the image for more details and to buy. You'll also see more designs from the artist there.


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As it turns out, up is down this year and down is up. Spooky Black, who is this unassuming kid from St. Paul, Minnesota, dropped this homage to deep house and challenging R&B. He's moaning and emoting remarkably well for someone with few life experiences and even fewer facial whiskers. His slow chants should not be left in the hands of emo teenagers locked in their rooms…cuz sh*t is deep. Check the spooky visual after the jump.
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Ox (Feat. Montana Da Don & E3) - Where I'm From [Unsigned Hype]
DIRECTED BY: Shatek The Producer
Off the Mixtape Danger Zone
http://indy.livemixtapes.com/mixtapes/14836/ox_d anger_zone.html
For more info WWW.OXLGANG.COM or 213-290-2303 Follow @OXLGANG, @KINGSMIJ, @SHATEK
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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CHICAGO (WBBM/CNN) - A passenger says a cab driver refused to stop watching videos on her phone during a ride in a Chicago-area suburb on Tuesday.
Tara Heine said her cab driver watched Netflix on her phone while the car was moving down an expressway in a Chicago-area suburb. (Source: WBBM, Tara Heine via CNN)
From the back seat of a Blue Cab company car, Tara Heine started to record when she noticed the driver watch videos on her phone while the car was moving.
In the video, she tells the driver she feels unsafe and asks her to put the phone down.
"The driver got on the expressway and she pulls out her phone and was watching Netflix on it," Heine said.
In the video, the view out of the cab's window shows the car moving down the expressway, while a video plays on the driver's phone.
"I let her know that I didn't feel safe and asked her to put her phone away, which she did for a few seconds," Heine said.
That's when the cab driver got angry with Heine and started cussing, telling Heine to stop recording. Then she tells Heine to "get the f**k out of my car."
"She caught me recording her, so she turned around and then she swung at me," Heine said.
"That's all you got to do is report me. That's it. That's all I ask you to do. That's it. Why you are recording?" the driver says in the video.
Over the phone, a Blue Cab employee said the dispute was due to Heine and the driver disagreeing on which show to watch together.
"That defense is ridiculous. I have my own Netflix account," Heine said.
When WBBM called the cab company, they didn't get a response from the owner, so a reporter went by the company's building.
It was after the owner left for the day, and an employee at the company said she didn't know about the case.
In the car, Heine tried getting some answers for herself.
"Should you be watching TV while transporting medical patients?" she says to the driver.
"Yeah," the driver says.
"You should be?" Heine says.
"Yeah," the driver says.
"Why is that?" Heine says.
"Because your nosey a** wants to know, that's why," the driver says.
A reporter with WBBM asked Blue Cab the same question about policy involving drivers on their phones.
"You have to talk to the owners. Why is this difficult? Bye," an employee told them.
Heine plans to file a police report about the incident. It is against the law in Illinois to use a phone or text while driving.
Copyright 2019 WBBM via CNN. All rights reserved.


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Lincity is a simulation game like SimCity, but it's very simple.
From Ubuntu Terminal screen (Applications > Accessories > Terminal), type:
taufanlubis@toshiba:~$ sudo apt-get install lincity
Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 524kB of archives.
After unpacking 2949kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com gutsy/universe lincity 1.13.1-7ubuntu1 [524kB]
Fetched 524kB in 22s (23.1kB/s)
Selecting previously deselected package lincity.
(Reading database … 112324 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking lincity (from …/lincity_1.13.1-7ubuntu1_i386.deb) …
Setting up lincity (1.13.1-7ubuntu1) …


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Welcome to Leopard's Leap Family Vineyards, leading wine producer situated in South Africa's famous Franschhoek Valley. Sourcing grapes from selected vineyards in the Western Cape winelands, Leopard's Leap Family Vineyards produces and markets quality wines under the Leopard's Leap label, aimed at consumers with a preference for affordable, easy-drinking wines, fit for any occasion.
As a popular, family-orientated tourist destination, Leopard's Leap also boasts sociable tasting facilities, a versatile food offering, culinary tutoring and, of course, the charm of a beautiful landscape.
Upcoming Events
Buy Our Wines
Take a look at our wine collection. CLICK HERE
Ask Us
Feel free to contact us.
Leopard's Leap's online reservations are unavailable at present. Please book by contacting +27 (0)21 876 8002
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