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Get it while you can, folks: everything you need to install a pirated version of Adobe Acrobat 7.0 Professional on your Windows-based PC.
The package, complete with a serial number, comes - wait for it - courtesy of the home page of the Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California's Irvine campus.
(Click on the pic of the building with the green tiles and it's yours. UPDATE: The warez goods have been removed following the publication of this story.)
It's a little difficult to estimate the value of this deal. Although highly functional, version 7.0 is slightly out of date. Version 8.0 lists for $449 on Adobe's website, so we're thinking plenty of people will consider it a solid enough bargain.
We asked a UC Irvine spokesman how such an offering could have been made available on a university website. He said this was the first he heard of the transgression, so naturally he had no answer.
He vowed to call the site's webmaster.
With our find in the open, aficionados of warez don't have long to jump on this opportunity. That is unless the Cancer Center decided to turn into a software shop. ®


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My friends in the world of genealogy, Malcolm and Chris Moody, for a short period of time, are marking down the prices on most of their CANADIAN CD products by as much as 50%!
Still no shipping and handling charges within Canada.
Malcolm and Chris say that "We predict we won't be able to keep this going for too long in this heat - so DON'T DELAY".
The website is www.archivecdbooks.ca/acdbcanada.html
Personal Recommendation: I have known Malcolm and Chris over the past years in the Ottawa area, and have used their products. I can say that to have these books on a CD means that they are convenient, and easy to use ... and they don't take up any room! All pluses in my world of books, books, and more books, and less and less room.

subset: commoncrawl


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Adrian Tomine, Charles Burns, and Chris Ware appear at Bloor Hot Docs Cinema on Monday, November 12th, 2012 at 8:30 pm.
Press Release:
Prepare to welcome three of the most respected graphic novel creators in the world, as Charles Burns (Black Hole), Adrian Tomine (Optic Nerve), and Chris Ware (Acme Novelty Library) visit Toronto this November to debut their new books. These three contemporaries and friends will each show an all-new audio/visual presentation based on their new works, both interacting with one another and the audience. This is the centerpiece autumn event to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of venerable Toronto comics and alternative culture shop The Beguiling, at the nearby newly renovated Bloor Hot Docs Cinema (506 Bloor St. W.) in the heart of the Annex neighborhood.
Sure to be the talk of the literary world this fall and winter, these three new releases blur the lines between 'traditional' graphic novels, illustration, and the publishing avant-garde!
Charles Burns' stunning follow-up to 2010's bestselling X'ed Out is The Hive. It takes readers further into the recesses of the diseased world of X'ed Out, shattering the boundaries between comics and the people who read them.
Adrian Tomine's New York Drawings collects over a decade of the comics, illustrations, and covers produced by the artist for publishing institution The New Yorker, alongside a number of other rare and uncollected pieces in a lavish oversized hard cover.
Chris Ware's Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid on Earth has been hailed as a modern literary masterpiece, and Building Stories is Ware's first and much-anticipated graphic novel length follow-up. Ware experiments further with form and medium: the story is a literal box. Beautifully presented as variously formatted and sized comics, graphic novels, newspapers and pamphlets, the ensemble creates a fascinating and compelling portrait of a seemingly ordinary young woman, and the building where she lives.
All three of these compelling arguments for the necessary survival of the printed word will be on sale at The Beguiling in advance of this event, each on different release dates (see below).
Admission to the 25th anniversary event is $10, but admissions tickets are free (while supplies last) with every advance purchase of any of the above new books at The Beguiling.
Bloor Hot Docs Cinema
506 Bloor Street West, Toronto, M5S 1Y3, ON


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A Sandwich a Day: Spicy Chicken and Cheddar Biscuit at The Roost Food Truck
Reviews of Chicago sandwiches.
If you happen to live or work near one of The Roost's hangouts, then you're very lucky, because they don't mess around with their fried chicken sandwiches. This spicy chicken and cheddar biscuit ($4.50) is one of the better breakfast sandwiches I've had in Chicago.
The star of this sandwich is the biscuit. It is so buttery that ever since I ate it, I've been considering how many sticks of butter were used to make one biscuit. Just one! It's reminiscent of Popeye's biscuit on this level, but way more soft: it falls apart before you get your mouth on it.
It's no small piece of meat on here, and you really have to open up wide to eat it. The fried coating on the chicken is a bit soggy from sitting on the truck, but the spices on it make up for it. It's a subtle kick though, and even though the truck has a basket of hot sauce out for the taking, I recommend not using it. That's rare for me, but it totally overwhelms all the flavors.
The Roost Food Truck
Various locations (map)
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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West Brom head coach Steve Clarke will speak to any of his players he thinks are guilty of diving.
Clarke has already had words with defender Liam Ridgewell, who was accused of simulation to win a penalty during the recent win at Sunderland. The Baggies head coach's comments follow on from Saturday's 2-0 defeat at Arsenal, when Santi Cazorla appeared to go to ground after being untouched by Steven Reid and earned his side a penalty.
Clarke said: "I've spoken to Liam on a number of occasions this season. We spoke about a number of different incidents. I don't speak about players from other clubs but if one of my players goes down with something similar to that (Cazorla), then we'll talk about it."
Defender Jonas Olsson has stressed the need for West Brom to get their season back on track as soon as possible.
The Baggies were lying third in the Barclays Premier League a fortnight ago but have now suffered a hat-trick of defeats against Swansea, Stoke and the Gunners.
Olsson knows the importance of the Baggies halting the slide - starting with Sunday's home encounter against West Ham.
The Swedish international said: "I think all teams have down periods and, for us, it's happening now.
"We need to get back on track as soon as possible.
"Stoke and Arsenal are difficult places to go to but I don't think we should over analyse the games.
"For us, it's important to get back on track during the Christmas period of games coming up."


text: Hi, I'm Matthew. I'm a software developer by day and urban gardener, brewer, and cook by all other times. At nb, I'm involved in tastebridge and mushroom cultivation. Around the city... I am the garden coordinator at Kezar Garden Ecology Center (formerly the HANC recycling center). I also work with SFUAA, SF Permaculture Guild, Hayes Valley Farm, Garden for the Environment, and 18th and Rhode Island garden.


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Re: Wolverine vs. Boba Fett?
Yeah, the comics have become pretty lame.
Message Boards - Boba Fett Fan Club → Role Playing → Wolverine vs. Boba Fett?
Yeah, the comics have become pretty lame.
I guess we can kill this topic now (thats always fun)
I know this topic is older than the internet, but I just want to say, even though I am a huge Boba fan, Wolverine is invincible. Just read Civil War: Wolverine.
He's not invincible. It is just VERY hard to kill him. But yes he withstood a blast from Nitro. Basically invincible.
A powerful psychic attack would kill him, and teleporting his skull off of the rest of his skeleton would do the trick as well. Powerful acids and corrosives would cause his healing factor to burn itself up trying to seal the wounds, especially if the substance is continuously applied. Maverick's armour, at one point, was specifically designed to take out Wolverine. Boba Fett could also modify his gear to do the same. A continuous burst from his flamethrower would also work, in substitution for the corrosives.
Wolverine does heal fast, but Boba will just tear him into shreds before he does.
Well, as long as the metal is on his skeleton, he can pretty much grow back. If he didn't have the metal, his skeleton could be blown away, and there would be nothing to grow back from. Adamantium is essentially indestructible, but if there is something that can melt of dissolve it, then you could kill him. Magneto also removed it at one point, but it was replaced. Btw, the wolverine movie starring Hugh Jackman is coming out in 2009.
Which has Deadpool in it. Believe me I closely follow Marvel. Which reminds me. Secret Invasion looks promising...
Which has Deadpool in it.
Thats awesome! Where'd you hear that?
Message Boards - Boba Fett Fan Club → Role Playing → Wolverine vs. Boba Fett?
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text:
The Chase Manhattan Financial institution delivers a host of credit cards, which have their respective rewards and lucrative rewards' programs. Individuals who're interested inside acquire of and/or are arranging to lease a Subaru motor vehicle within just 4 a long time in the date of issuance from the card will come across the Subaru Grasp Credit card quite useful. The credit card promises the cardholder fantastic many rewards inside type of Subaru products and expertise.
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As every the program plans, when your purchases attain the $3333-mark, you will be eligible for a $one hundred coupon. Inside a season, you are able to receive an optimum of $500 or $2000 within the span of four-decades. Remember which the coupons will expire in a 4-season interval from your date of the issuance from the credit card.
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This is always to certify that there may be not adequate hard cash obtainable to pay towards the IRS division as tax. Consequently details of all checking accounts, financial savings account, funds marketplace or brokerage accounts ought to be plainly stated. The individual really should also be not within a location to borrow the amount owed to your IRS division. There shouldn't be adequate liquidity within the retirement accounts in addition from which cash may be borrowed or liquidated.
In case of IRS garnishment the IRS officers usually do not handle the instances, which might be significantly less than $25,000. According the towards the IRS garnishment regulation the individual requires to pay back the quantity which is the difference in between the month-to-month cash flow and expenses required for the month. This sum wants to generally be submitted to the IRS division towards the clearance of tax dues. The IRS has currently determined the monthly expenses for any man or women. They will need for being matched aided by the man or woman's regular monthly cost. This is carried out about the basis of form completed by any particular person as stipulated from the IRS division. If the person is actually a businessman then a financial statement of the organization also wants to get connected with all the completed sort stating the particular monetary assessment.
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As a result it really is greater to prevent IRS garnishment so as to maintain the federal government at bay. This is fee situations are commonly not explained through the IRS department. Additional, IRS also warns the tax payers to glance in to your promoter's declare which says that tax debts can be settled for a smaller amount by means of Provide in Compromise software. This plan is only advantageous in the event the tax payer is eligible as each the rules stated inside the application.


text:
Issue #136 / Mar 2012
Cover Theme: SSH Tricks
DVD: CentOS 6.2
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100 pages
Price $9.99
Issue #136
SERVICE: CentOS 6.2
Letter from the Editor
SERVICE: The Right Stuff
SERVICE: CentOS 6.2
NEWS: Tech Tools
COMMUNITY NOTEBOOK: Recipe for Disaster
COMMUNITY NOTEBOOK: Zack's Kernel News
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Purism Launches a Mini PC
The makers of the Librem line of Linux-based laptops have released a mini PC.
openSUSE Leap 15.2 Adds AI Machine Learning
With the new release of openSUSE Leap comes some exciting new features, including machine learning.
Google's Nearby Sharing Could Work with Linux
Google's answer to Apple's AirDrop feature is rumored to work with the Linux desktop.
System76 Launches Ryzen-Powered Laptop
The new System76 Serval WS includes a powerful AMD Ryzen CPU.
Linux Mint Drops Snap
Linux Mint has officially dropped their support for Canonical's snap packages.
Lenovo Upping Their Linux Support
Lenovo is now offering full certification and Linux preinstalled hardware.
LPI Launches FOSSlife Website
Linux Professional Institute launches FOSSlife, a website for the FOSS community.
Tuxedo Computers Joins the Ryzen Bandwagon
Tuxedo Computers has released the Tuxedo Boot BA15 with an AMD Ryzen 3500 CPU.
Linux Apps on Windows Is Coming
Linux GUI apps will be coming to Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Linux Usage Is on the Rise
According to NetMarketShare, Linux saw a significant bump in usage during April.


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Sure, I could try to use a Sauer or RE model for all that. As for the .bat and map file, I have both of them.
Just to be sure: so Water Wars is like a restoration of FPS mode to what it used to be, somewhat?
I'm likely not going to be able to make it to the main coop session because I'll be really busy Saturday night, I'll see if I can get in earlier. if KM got my map fixed up and ready to roll, then feel free to test that as you'd like.
Waterwars Rules, Settings, etc
Chat and ask questions about Water Gun Wars here!
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0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
If you're going something other than Masked HEROs in your deck, I don't see a problem. After all, in order to actually USE the Masked HEROs you sort-of have to build a deck around them, since you can't use normal fusion means to get them :x
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I grew up without pets of my own. My sister had a turtle and a parakeet, both of which died in peculiar ways and at an early age. Because a turtle is not a pet one can cuddle with and take for walks and the parakeet didn't really like people, they weren't completely satisfactory as pets. And they weren't mine.
But since I have to narrow my choices, I'm going to write about our peach-cheeked love birds.
However, all didn't turn out well for these two. One day we came home from work to discover that Don Quixote had a wound on his lovely peach cheek. Dulcinea had attacked him. The owner of the pet store said it could be that we had two males. Lovebirds are very hard to sex (meaning, of course, to tell what sex each is), and two males together could get aggressive.
My husband likes to say they got a divorce after that. I prefer to explain that they separated. We got a cage for Dulcinea and placed it next Don Quixote's. They didn't seem to mind a bit. I also changed their names. The one with the injury we named Scarface, after the Al Pacino character. Dulcinea was renamed Bone Crusher, after the then-successful boxer Bone Crusher Smith.
Their lives moved on fine. They cooed to each other—from separate cages. They slept next to each other, touching feathers and heads through the bars. They bobbed back and forth on their perches, strutting (or bobbing) their stuff. They just no longer lived together.
Yes, life passed happily until Bone Crusher got sick. Listless, he no longer bobbed or chirped or cooed. I took him to the vet. Once I signed in. I sat the packed waiting room with the huge cage on my lap. After ten minutes, the receptionist called, "Bone Crusher Perrine." I stood and carried the cage across the waiting room in complete silence as people realized that Bone Crusher was a small, green bird. Then everyone laughed.
The vet prescribed bourbon. No, I'm not kidding. Yes, we lived close to Bourbon County, KY, but the vet said a little bourbon on her seeds should perk her right up. So I went to a liquor store and asked what kind of bourbon was best for a lovebird—well, in the interest of accuracy, that last sentence isn't true.
Now comes the sad part. A few weeks later, when I took the cover off his cage, Scarface lay dead. A couple of mornings after that, I found Bone Crusher dead, her head under the seed dish.
But most of all, I missed their cooing to each other like lovers in a novel, just from separate cages.
Jane Myers Perrine had lived and collected pets in many states, but has now settled with her husband and two cats—Maggie and Scooter the Wonder Cat—in Cedar Park, TX. Visit her at email@example.com


text:
Daniela Rosche, lead of Oxfam's campaign in support of the new entity said:
"Oxfam welcomes the establishment of the new UN gender equality entity. A single UN gender equality entity is critical for women everywhere, and especially for women in the poorest countries."
"However, the proposed mandate of the new entity was compromised during the negotiations. For example, the GA has missed out on the opportunity to strengthen the accountability of the UN system for its gender mainstreaming responsibilities. It remains to be seen if the entity's mandate and structure, which have been agreed yesterday, will be powerful enough to ensure it has a positive impact on women's lives".
"UN member states' decision to involve civil society organizations and women's organizations in particular, in the work of the new entity is promising. Issues of women's rights, gender equality and development are far too complex for any organization to solve alone. Unless women's rights advocates can bring the perspectives of women to the table, it is doubtful that the new entity will be successful."
"Much will depend on the leadership of the new Under-Secretary-General who will soon be appointed to lead the new entity. Despite earlier promises by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, the recruitment process for this post is happening behind closed doors and has left civil society completely in the dark. We call upon the Secretary General to make this process transparent as a matter of urgency."
Información de contacto
For further inquiry, please contact:
- Louis Belanger, Oxfam International Media Officer + 1 917 224 0834
- Daniela Rosche, 0031-6- 234 19 601
For further inquiry, please contact:
- Louis Belanger, Oxfam International Media Officer + 1 917 224 0834
- Daniela Rosche, 0031-6- 234 19 601


text:
This page can be viewed at http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a90503zinnipostwar
This is a scalable context timeline. It contains events related to the event September 5, 2003: Zinni: Bush Administration Failed to Plan for Postwar Iraq. You can narrow or broaden the context of this timeline by adjusting the zoom level. The lower the scale, the more relevant the items on average will be, while the higher the scale, the less relevant the items, on average, will be.
US Ambassador to the UN John Negroponte provides the five permanent members of the UN Security Council with a revision of the UN draft resolution on disarming Iraq. (Lederer 10/21/2002; Guardia 10/22/2002) The Bush administration makes it clear that it expects the UN Security Council to vote on this draft of the resolution soon and signals that US officials are losing their patience with other member states. State Department Spokesman Richard Boucher, states, "We're also making clear it is time to wrap this up." (Associated Press 10/21/2002) Similarly, Ari Fleischer tells reporters the following day, "It's coming down to the end. The United Nations does not have forever." (White House 10/22/2002) The same day, Bush will say in a Pennsylvania speech: "The United Nations can't make its mind up. If Saddam won't disarm, we will lead a coalition to disarm him for the sake of peace…. [The United Nations] must resolve itself to be something more than the League of Nations, must resolve itself to be more than a debating society, must resolve itself to keep international peace." (CNN 10/22/2002; US President 10/28/2002) Summing up US feelings, an unnamed official tells the New York Times that the administration's message to the other permanent members is, "You're either with us or against us." (Preston 10/23/2002)
The revision drops the words "all necessary means," stipulating in its place that Iraq's failure to abide by the new resolution would result in "serious consequences." (Lederer 10/21/2002; Lederer 10/21/2002; Lynch 10/23/2002; New York Times 10/23/2002)
The revision does not require that UN inspectors be accompanied by armed guards, a requirement in the earlier draft which many current and former UN inspectors opposed. (Lederer 10/21/2002; New York Times 10/23/2002)
A provision in the previous draft requiring that member states help the UN enforce "no-fly" and "no-drive" zones around the inspection sites remains in the draft resolution, but in brackets, suggesting that the US and Britain are willing to negotiate on this point. (Lederer 10/21/2002; Guardia 10/22/2002; New York Times 10/23/2002)
The revision does not require that the five permanent members of the Security Council be permitted to appoint their own officials to the inspection teams. (Lederer 10/21/2002; Guardia 10/22/2002; New York Times 10/23/2002)
The revision stipulates that Iraq must declare its weapons of mass destruction within 30 days of the resolution's passing, after which the weapons inspectors would have another 45 days to commence its work on disarmament. (ABC News 10/23/2002 Sources: John Negroponte) If Iraq does not meet the deadline, its failure to do so will be considered a "material breach" of the resolution. (Lederer 10/21/2002 Sources: John Negroponte)
The revised draft still contains phrases that set a hair trigger for the implementation of "serious consequences." The revision stipulates that further "false statements and omissions" by Iraq would amount to "a further material breach." (Economist 10/23/2002; New York Times 10/23/2002)
Reactions - In spite of the revision, the oppositional stances of France, Russia, Mexico, and China remain unchanged. Bulgaria, Colombia, Norway, Singapore show some support for the revision. (Lederer 10/21/2002; Guardia 10/22/2002; Bone and Ayres 10/28/2002)
President Bush attends a summit conference in Mexico and fails to secure a pledge of support from Mexican President Vicente Fox for the US-British draft resolution. President Vicente Fox says, "What we need to accomplish is a resolution that is satisfactory to all the parties there in the United Nations. We are listening and talking and we want to search for and do everything possible for a strong resolution." (Bone and Ayres 10/28/2002) Mexican officials reportedly make "it clear that Mexico is siding with France in the debate at the United Nations." Mexico's foreign minister, Jorge G. Casteneda, says, "What we want is a resolution that is approved by all 15 or 14 members of the Security Council. We think that's more important for the United States' cause." (Weiner 10/28/2002)
The UN Security Council unanimously votes 15-0 in favor of UN Resolution 1441, which stipulates that Iraq is required to readmit UN weapons inspectors under tougher terms than required by previous UN resolutions. The resolution does not give the US authority to use force against Iraq. (United Nations 11/8/2002) The resolution makes it very clear that only the UN Security Council has the right to take punitive action against Iraq in the event of noncompliance. (Zunes 11/14/2002) After the resolution is passed, top Bush administration officials make public statements threatening to use military force against Iraq if Saddam's regime does not comply with the resolution. George Bush, Colin Powell, John Negroponte, Andrew Card, and Ari Fleischer make statements asserting that the resolution does not prevent the US from using force.
A provision that would have authorized UN member states to use "all necessary means" to disarm Iraq is relocated to the preamble of the resolution where it has no practical significance. (Preston 11/6/2002; United Nations 11/9/2002)
A provision requiring that security guards accompany the inspectors is removed. (Preston 11/6/2002)
The resolution requires Iraq to provide the UN with the names of all its weapons experts. (Preston 11/6/2002; Beeston 11/9/2002; United Nations 11/9/2002)
The resolution states that weapons inspectors will be authorized to remove Iraqi scientists, as well as their families, from Iraq in order to interview them. An official later tells the Washington Post that the power to interview Iraqi scientists was "the most significant authority contained in the resolution" and "the one thing that is most likely to produce overt Iraqi opposition." (United Nations 11/9/2002; DeYoung and Pincus 12/12/2002)
The resolution overturns provisions of the previous Resolution 1154 that required UN inspectors to notify Baghdad before inspecting Saddam Hussein's presidential sites. Resolution 1154 had also required that inspections of those sensitive sites occur in the presence of diplomats. The new resolution demands that Iraq allow the inspectors "immediate, unimpeded, unconditional and unrestricted access" to any sites chosen by the inspectors. (United Nations 11/9/2002) Unnamed diplomats and US officials tell USA Today that the US may attempt to claim that Iraq is engaged in a pattern of defiance and deceit if it hinders the inspectors in any way. (Diamond and Nichols 12/19/2002 Sources: Unnamed diplomats and US officials)
The resolution includes a provision calling for "no-fly" and "no-drive" zones in the areas surrounding suspected weapons sites to prevent the Iraqis from removing evidence prior to or during inspections. (United Nations 11/9/2002)
The final resolution includes statements stipulating that an Iraqi failure to comply with the terms of the resolution, including "false statements or omissions" in the weapons declaration it is required to submit, will "constitute a further material breach" of its obligations. Additional wording included in the same provision explains that any breach of the resolution will "be reported to the Council for assessment." Also, towards the end of the resolution, it states that the chief weapons inspector should "report immediately to the Council any interference" by Iraq so that the Council can "convene immediately to consider the situation and the need for full compliance with all the relevant council resolutions in order to restore international peace and security." (Preston 11/6/2002; CNN 11/8/2002; Beeston 11/9/2002; United Nations 11/9/2002)
Paragraph 8 of UN Security Council Resolution 1441 states that Iraq "shall not take or threaten hostile acts directed against any representative or personnel of the United Nations or the IAEA or of any Member State taking action to uphold any Council resolution." The US contends that this applies to the US- and British- patrolling of the "no-fly" zones that the two countries imposed shortly after the Gulf War. The "patrolling," which has never been officially sanctioned by the UN and which is not recognized by Iraq, often includes aerial attacks on Iraqi sovereign territory. Iraq consistently fires on the attacking jets in self-defense. Other UN Security Council members explicitly oppose this interpretation of the resolution before its passage. (United Nations 11/9/2002; Burns 11/12/2002)
The resolution gives Iraq seven days to announce whether or not it will comply with the resolution, and 30 days (December 8) to declare its chemical, biological, and nuclear-related capabilities—even those that are unrelated to weapons programs. 10 days after Iraq's acceptance of the terms, inspectors will send an advanced team to Baghdad, but will have a total of 45 days to begin the actual work. The inspection team will be required to provide the UN Security Council with a report 60 days (January 27) after the commencement of its work. (MacAskill and Burkeman 11/7/2002; Associated Press 11/8/2002; United Nations 11/9/2002; Lederer 11/13/2002) Diplomats and US officials speaking off the record tell USA Today that the declaration due on December 8 represents a hidden trigger, explaining that any omissions will be considered a material breach and sufficient justification for war. (Diamond and Nichols 12/19/2002 Sources: Unnamed diplomats and US officials)
Syria requested that the resolution include a provision stating that Iraq's compliance with the terms would result in the lifting of sanctions. This provision was not included. (CNN 11/8/2002)
Syria requested that the resolution declare the entire Middle East a "nuclear-free and weapons of mass destruction-free zone." This provision was not included. (CNN 11/8/2002)
France did not want the resolution to include any wording that might authorize the use of force. Instead it argued that the resolution should include only terms for tougher inspections. In the event of Iraqi noncompliance with the terms, France argued, a separate resolution should be agreed upon to decide what further action would be necessary. France lost its argument, and the new resolution includes a warning to Iraq "that it will face serious consequences" in the event of its failure to comply with the terms of the resolution. (MacAskill and Burkeman 11/7/2002)
United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan says in an interview with Israel's Army Radio that Saddam's government is cooperating with UN weapons inspectors and that he sees no reason for the use of force against Iraq. "Iraq is cooperating and they [inspectors] are able to do their work in an unimpeded manner and therefore I don't see an argument for a military action now," the secretary-general says. "They may give an interim report before the [January] 27 [deadline] and I really do not see any basis for an action until then, particularly as they are able to carry out their work in an unimpeded manner." (Reuters 12/31/2001; BBC 12/31/2001; Usborne and Woolf 1/1/2003) The Independent of London call his remarks "a blunt warning to Britain and the United States that they will need clear evidence of clandestine weapons programs in Iraq to win support from other nations for any military campaign against Saddam Hussein this winter." (Usborne and Woolf 1/1/2003)
US Secretary of State Colin Powell presents the Bush administration's case against Saddam to the UN Security Council, in advance of an expected vote on a second resolution that the US and Britain hope will provide the justification to use military force against Iraq. (Powell 2/5/2003) At the insistence of Powell, CIA Director George Tenet is seated directly behind him to the right. "It was theater, a device to signal to the world that Powell was relying on the CIA to make his case that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction," Vanity Fair magazine will later explain. (Bamford 2004, pp. 371-2; Burrough et al. 5/2004, pp. 232) In his speech before the Council, Powell makes the case that Iraq is in further material breach of past UN resolutions, specifically the most recent one, UN Resolution 1441 (see November 8, 2002). Sources cited in Powell's presentation include defectors, informants, communication intercepts, procurement records, photographs, and detainees. (Powell 2/5/2003) Most of the allegations made by Powell are later demonstrated to be false. "The defectors and other sources went unidentified," the Associated Press will later report. "The audiotapes were uncorroborated, as were the photo interpretations. No other supporting documents were presented. Little was independently verifiable." (Hanley 8/9/2003)
Iraq's December 7 Declaration Was Inaccurate - Powell contends that Iraq's December 7 declaration was not complete. According to UN Resolution 1441 the document was supposed to be a "currently accurate, full and complete declaration of all aspects" of its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction. But Saddam has not done this, says Powell, who explains that Iraq has yet to provide sufficient evidence that it destroyed its previously declared stock of 8,500 liters of anthrax, as it claimed in the declaration. Furthermore, notes the secretary of state, UNSCOM inspectors had previously estimated that Iraq possessed the raw materials to produce as much as 25,000 liters of the virus. (Chivers 2/5/2003; Powell 2/5/2003; Warrick 2/6/2003)
Iraq Has Ties to Al-Qaeda - Powell repeats earlier claims that Saddam Hussein's government has ties to al-Qaeda. Powell focuses on the cases of the militant Islamic group Ansar-al-Islam and Abu Musab Zarqawi, a Jordanian-born Palestinian, who had received medical treatment in Baghdad during the summer of 2002 (see December 2001-Mid-2002). (Powell 2/5/2003) However, just days before Powell's speech, US and British intelligence officials—speaking on condition of anonymity—told the press that the administration's allegations of Iraqi-al-Qaeda ties were based on information provided by Kurdish groups, who, as enemies of Ansar-al-Islam, should not be considered reliable. Furthermore, these sources unequivocally stated that intelligence analysts on both sides of the Atlantic remained unconvinced of the purported links between Iraq and al-Qaeda (see February 3-4, 2003). (Sengupta 2/3/2003; Smith and Rennie 2/4/2003) Powell also claims that Iraq provided "chemical or biological weapons training for two al-Qaeda associates beginning in December 2000." The claim is based on a September 2002 CIA document which had warned that its sources were of "varying reliability" and that the claim was not substantiated (see September 2002). The report's main source, Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi, an al-Qaeda operative who offered the information to CIA interrogators while in custody, later recounts the claim (see February 14, 2004). (CNN 9/26/2002; Jehl 7/31/2004; Isikoff 7/5/2005) Larry Wilkerson, Powell's chief of staff, will later say that neither he nor Powell ever received "any dissent with respect to those lines… indeed the entire section that now we know came from [al-Libi]." (Isikoff and Hosenball 11/10/2005) Senior US officials will admit to the New York Times and Washington Post after the presentation that the administration was not claiming that Saddam Hussein is "exercising operational control" of al-Qaeda. (Gordon 2/6/2003; Pincus 2/7/2003)
Iraq Has Missiles Capable of Flying Up to 1,200 Kilometers - Describing a photo of the al-Rafah weapons site, Powell says: "As part of this effort, another little piece of evidence, Iraq has built an engine test stand that is larger than anything it has ever had. Notice the dramatic difference in size between the test stand on the left, the old one, and the new one on the right. Note the large exhaust vent. This is where the flame from the engine comes out. The exhaust vent on the right test stand is five times longer than the one on the left. The one of the left is used for short-range missiles. The one on the right is clearly intended for long-range missiles that can fly 1,200 kilometers. This photograph was taken in April of 2002. Since then, the test stand has been finished and a roof has been put over it so it will be harder for satellites to see what's going on underneath the test stand." (Powell 2/5/2003; Chivers 2/5/2003) But according to the Associated Press, "… UN missile experts have reported inspecting al-Rafah at least five times since inspections resumed Nov. 27, have studied the specifications of the new test stand, regularly monitor tests at the installation, and thus far have reported no concerns." (Hanley 2/7/2003) Similarly, Reuters quotes Ali Jassem, an Iraqi official, who explains that the large stand referred to in Powell's speech is not yet in operation and that its larger size is due to the fact that it will be testing engines horizontally. (Ladki 2/7/2003; Steele 2/15/2003) Several days later, Blix will report to the UN that "so far, the test stand has not been associated with a proscribed activity." (Steele 2/15/2003)
Iraqis Attempted to Hide Evidence from Inspectors - Powell shows the UN Security Council satellite shots depicting what he claims are chemical weapons bunkers and convoys of Iraqi cargo trucks preparing to transport ballistic missile components from a weapons site just two days before the arrival of inspectors. "We saw this kind of housecleaning at close to 30 sites," Powell explains. "We must ask ourselves: Why would Iraq suddenly move equipment of this nature before inspections if they were anxious to demonstrate what they had or did not have?" (Powell 2/5/2003) But the photos are interpreted differently by others. An unnamed UN official and German UN Inspector Peter Franck both say the trucks in the photos are actually fire engines. (Stober 3/18/2003; Agence France-Presse 6/6/2003)
'Literally Removed the Crust of the Earth' - Another series of photos—taken during the spring and summer of 2002—show that Iraqis have removed a layer of topsoil from the al-Musayyib chemical complex. This piece of evidence, combined with information provided by an unnamed source, leads Powell to draw the following conclusion: "The Iraqis literally removed the crust of the earth from large portions of this site in order to conceal chemical weapons evidence that would be there from years of chemical weapons activity." (Powell 2/5/2003; Warrick 2/6/2003) Showing another series of pictures—one taken on November 10 (before inspections) and one taken on December 22—Powell says that a guard station and decontamination truck were removed prior to the arrival of inspectors. Powell does not explain how he knows that the truck in the photograph was a decontamination truck. (Powell 2/5/2003; Warrick 2/6/2003; DeYoung and Pincus 2/6/2003) AP reporter Charles Hanley says that some of Powell's claims that Iraq is hiding evidence are "ridiculous." Powell says of a missile site, "This photograph was taken in April of 2002. Since then, the test stand has been finished and a roof has been put over it so it will be harder for satellites to see what's going on underneath the test stand." Hanley later says, "What he neglected to mention was that the inspectors were underneath, watching what was going on." (Moyers 4/25/2007)
Communication Intercepts Demonstrate Iraqi Attempts to Conceal Information from Inspectors - Powell plays recordings of three conversations intercepted by US intelligence—one on November 26, another on January 30, and a third, a "few weeks" before. The conversations suggest that the Iraqis were attempting to hide evidence from inspectors. (Chivers 2/5/2003; Powell 2/5/2003; Reid 2/6/2003; Sydney Morning Herald 2/7/2003) Senior administration officials concede to the Washington Post that it was not known "what military items were discussed in the intercepts." (Priest and Pincus 2/13/2003) Some critics argue that the intercepts were presented out of context and open to interpretation. (Sydney Morning Herald 2/7/2003; Sydney Morning Herald 2/9/2003) Others note that the conversations were translated from Arabic by US translators and were not analyzed or verified by an independent specialist. (Breslin 2/6/2003)
Biological Weapons Factories - Colin Powell says that US intelligence has "firsthand descriptions" that Iraq has 18 mobile biological weapons factories mounted on trucks and railroad cars. Information about the mobile weapons labs are based on the testimonies of four sources—a defected Iraqi chemical engineer who claims to have supervised one of these facilities, an Iraqi civil engineer (see December 20, 2001), a source in "a position to know," and a defected Iraqi major (see February 11, 2002). Powell says that the mobile units are capable of producing enough dry biological agent in a single month to kill several thousand people. He shows computer-generated diagrams and pictures based on the sources' descriptions of the facilities. Powell says that according to the chemical engineer, during the late 1990s, Iraq's biological weapons scientists would often begin the production of pathogens on Thursday nights and complete the process on Fridays in order to evade UNSCOM inspectors whom Iraq believed would not conduct inspections on the Muslim holy day. (Chivers 2/5/2003; Powell 2/5/2003; Warrick 2/6/2003; Marshall 2/11/2003) Powell tells the delegates, "The source was an eyewitness, an Iraqi chemical engineer, who supervised one of these facilities. He actually was present during biological agent production runs. He was also at the site when an accident occurred in 1998. Twelve technicians died from exposure to biological agents." He displays models of the mobile trucks drawn from the source's statements. (CBS News 11/4/2007) Responding to the allegation, Iraqi officials will concede that they do in fact have mobile labs, but insist that they are not used for the development of weapons. According to the Iraqis, the mobile labs are used for food analysis for disease outbreaks, mobile field hospitals, a military field bakery, food and medicine refrigeration trucks, a mobile military morgue and mobile ice making trucks. (Plesch 2/5/2003; ABC News 5/21/2003) Iraq's explanation is consistent with earlier assessments of the UN weapons inspectors. Before Powell's presentation, Hans Blix had dismissed suggestions that the Iraqis were using mobile biological weapons labs, reporting that inspections of two alleged mobile labs had turned up nothing. "Two food-testing trucks have been inspected and nothing has been found," Blix said. And Ewen Buchanan, spokesman for the UN Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission, said, "The outline and characteristics of these trucks that we inspected were all consistent with the declared purposes." (Plesch 2/5/2003; ABC News 5/21/2003)
'Curveball' Primary Source of Claims - Powell's case is further damaged when it is later learned that one of the sources Powell cited, the Iraqi major, had been earlier judged unreliable by intelligence agents at the Defense Intelligence Agency (see February 11, 2002). In May 2002, the analysts had issued a "fabricator notice" on the informant, noting that he had been "coached by [the] Iraqi National Congress" (INC) (see May 2002). But the main source for the claim had been an Iraqi defector known as "Curveball," who was initially believed to be the brother of a top aide to Ahmed Chalabi. The source claimed to be a chemical engineer who had helped design and build the mobile labs. His information was passed to Washington through Germany's intelligence service, the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), which had been introduced to the source by the INC. In passing along the information, the BND noted that there were "various problems with the source." And only one member of the US intelligence community had actually met with the person—an unnamed Pentagon analyst who determined the man was an alcoholic and of dubious reliability. Yet both the DIA and the CIA validated the information. (Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity 8/22/2003; Drogin and Miller 3/28/2004; Landay and Brown 4/4/2004; Newsweek 4/19/2004; Isikoff 7/19/2004) Powell says that the US has three other intelligence sources besides Curveball for the mobile bioweapons labs. Powell will be infuriated to learn that none of those three sources ever corroborated Curveball's story, and sometimes their information contradicted each other. One of the three had failed a polygraph test and was determined to have lied to his debriefers. Another had already been declared a fabricator by US intelligence community, and had been proven to have mined his information off the Internet. (Drogin and Karlin 11/27/2007) In November 2007, Curveball is identified as Rafid Ahmed Alwan. Serious questions about Curveball's veracity had already been raised by the time of Powell's UN presentation. He will later be completely discredited (see November 4, 2007).
Further Problems with Mobile Lab Claims - In addition to the inspectors' assessments and the dubious nature of the sources Powell cited, there are numerous other problems with the mobile factories claim. Raymond Zilinskas, a microbiologist and former UN weapons inspector, argues that significant amounts of pathogens such as anthrax, could not be produced in the short span of time suggested in Powell's speech. "You normally would require 36 to 48 hours just to do the fermentation…. The short processing time seems suspicious to me." He also says: "The only reason you would have mobile labs is to avoid inspectors, because everything about them is difficult. We know it is possible to build them—the United States developed mobile production plants, including one designed for an airplane—but it's a big hassle. That's why this strikes me as a bit far-fetched." (Warrick 2/6/2003) After Powell's speech, Blix will say in his March 7 report to the UN that his inspectors found no evidence of mobile weapons labs (see March 7, 2003). (CNN 3/7/2003; Agence France-Presse 3/7/2003; King et al. 3/7/2003) Reporter Bob Drogin, author of Curveball: Spies, Lies and the Con Man Who Caused a War, says in 2007, "[B]y the time Colin Powell goes to the UN to make the case for war, he shows the world artists' conjectures based on analysts' interpretations and extrapolations of Arabic-to-German-to-English translations of summary debriefing reports of interviews with a manic-depressive defector whom the Americans had never met. [CIA director George] Tenet told Powell that Curveball's information was ironclad and unassailable. It was a travesty." (Holland 10/22/2007)
'Four Tons' of VX Toxin - Powell also claims that Iraq has "four tons" of VX nerve toxin. "A single drop of VX on the skin will kill in minutes," he says. "Four tons." Hanley later notes, "He didn't point out that most of that had already been destroyed. And, on point after point he failed to point out that these facilities about which he was raising such alarm were under repeated inspections good, expert people with very good equipment, and who were leaving behind cameras and other monitoring equipment to keep us a continuing eye on it." (Moyers 4/25/2007)
Iraq is Developing Unmanned Drones Capable of Delivering Weapons of Mass Destruction - Powell asserts that Iraq has flight-tested an unmanned drone capable of flying up to 310 miles and is working on a liquid-fueled ballistic missile with a range of 745 miles. He plays a video of an Iraqi F-1 Mirage jet dispersing "simulated anthrax." (Powell 2/5/2003; Chivers 2/5/2003; Graham 2/6/2003) But the Associated Press will later report that the video was made prior to the 1991 Gulf War. Apparently, three of the four spray tanks shown in the film had been destroyed during the 1991 military intervention. (Hanley 8/9/2003)
Imported Aluminum Tubes were Meant for Centrifuge - Powell argues that the aluminum tubes which Iraq had attempted to import in July 2001 (see July 2001) were meant to be used in a nuclear weapons program and not for artillery rockets as experts from the US Energy Department, the INR, and the IAEA have been arguing (see February 3, 2003) (see January 11, 2003) (see August 17, 2001) (see January 27, 2003). To support the administration's case, he cites unusually precise specifications and high tolerances for heat and stress. "It strikes me as quite odd that these tubes are manufactured to a tolerance that far exceeds US requirements for comparable rockets," he says. "Maybe Iraqis just manufacture their conventional weapons to a higher standard than we do, but I don't think so." Powell also suggests that because the tubes were "anodized," it was unlikely that they had been designed for conventional use. (Powell 2/5/2003; Warrick 2/5/2003; Warrick 3/8/2003) Powell does not mention that numerous US nuclear scientists have dismissed this claim (see August 17, 2001) (see September 23, 2002) (see December 2002). (Albright 10/9/2003) Powell also fails to say that Iraq has rockets identical to the Italian Medusa 81 mm rockets, which are of the same dimensions and made of the same alloy as the 3,000 tubes that were intercepted in July 2001 (see After January 22, 2003). (Gellman and Pincus 8/10/2003) This had been reported just two weeks earlier by the Washington Post. (Richburg 1/24/2003) Moreover, just two days before, Powell was explicitly warned by the US State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research not to cite the aluminum tubes as evidence that Iraq is pursuing nuclear weapons (see February 3, 2003). (Wetzel 7/29/2003)
Iraq Attempted to Acquire Magnets for Use in a Gas Centrifuge Program - Powell says: "We… have intelligence from multiple sources that Iraq is attempting to acquire magnets and high-speed balancing machines. Both items can be used in a gas centrifuge program to enrich uranium. In 1999 and 2000, Iraqi officials negotiated with firms in Romania, India, Russia and Slovenia for the purchase of a magnet production plant. Iraq wanted the plant to produce magnets weighing 20 to 30 grams. That's the same weight as the magnets used in Iraq's gas centrifuge program before the Gulf War." (Powell 2/5/2003; Gordon 2/6/2003) Investigation by the UN's International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] will demonstrate that the magnets have a dual use. IAEA Director Mohamed ElBaradei said a little more than a week before, on January 27, in his report to the Security Council: "Iraq presented detailed information on a project to construct a facility to produce magnets for the Iraqi missile program, as well as for industrial applications, and that Iraq had prepared a solicitation of offers, but that the project had been delayed due to 'financial credit arrangements.' Preliminary investigations indicate that the specifications contained in the offer solicitation are consistent with those required for the declared intended uses. However, the IAEA will continue to investigate the matter…." (see January 27, 2003) (Annan 1/27/2003 ) On March 7, ElBaradei will provide an additional update: "The IAEA has verified that previously acquired magnets have been used for missile guidance systems, industrial machinery, electricity meters and field telephones. Through visits to research and production sites, reviews of engineering drawings and analyses of sample magnets, IAEA experts familiar with the use of such magnets in centrifuge enrichment have verified that none of the magnets that Iraq has declared could be used directly for a centrifuge magnetic bearing." (see March 7, 2003) (CNN 3/7/2003)
Iraq Attempted to Purchase Machines to Balance Centrifuge Rotors - Powell states: "Intercepted communications from mid-2000 through last summer show that Iraq front companies sought to buy machines that can be used to balance gas centrifuge rotors. One of these companies also had been involved in a failed effort in 2001 to smuggle aluminum tubes into Iraq." (Powell 2/5/2003; Gordon 2/6/2003)
Powell Cites Documents Removed from Home of Iraqi Scientist Faleh Hassan - Powell cites the documents that had been found on January 16, 2003 by inspectors with the help of US intelligence at the Baghdad home of Faleh Hassan, a nuclear scientist. Powell asserts that the papers are a "dramatic confirmation" that Saddam Hussein is concealing evidence and not cooperating with the inspections. The 3,000 documents contained information relating to the laser enrichment of uranium (see January 16, 2003). (Coughlin 1/18/2003; Jahn 1/18/2003; BBC 1/19/2003; Powell 2/5/2003) A little more than a week later, in the inspectors' February 14 update to the UN Security Council (see February 14, 2003), ElBaradei will say, "While the documents have provided some additional details about Iraq's laser enrichment development efforts, they refer to activities or sites already known to the IAEA and appear to be the personal files of the scientist in whose home they were found. Nothing contained in the documents alters the conclusions previously drawn by the IAEA concerning the extent of Iraq's laser enrichment program." (Steele 2/15/2003; BBC 2/17/2003; Hanley 8/9/2003)
Iraq is Hiding Missiles in the Desert - Powell says that according to unidentified sources, the Iraqis have hidden rocket launchers and warheads containing biological weapons in the western desert. He further contends that these caches of weapons are hidden in palm groves and moved to different locations on a weekly basis. (Powell 2/5/2003) It will later be suggested that this claim was "lifted whole from an Iraqi general's written account of hiding missiles in the 1991 war." (Hanley 8/9/2003)
Iraq Has Scud Missiles - Powell also says that according to unnamed "intelligence sources," Iraq has a few dozen Scud-type missiles. (Hanley 8/9/2003)
Iraq Has Weapons of Mass Destruction - Secretary of State Colin Powell states unequivocally: "We… have satellite photos that indicate that banned materials have recently been moved from a number of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction facilities. There can be no doubt that Saddam Hussein has biological weapons and the capability to rapidly produce more, many more." Elsewhere in his speech he says: "We know that Saddam Hussein is determined to keep his weapons of mass destruction, is determined to make more." (Powell 2/5/2003; CNN 2/5/2003)
Governments, Media Reaction Mixed - Powell's speech will fail to convince many skeptical governments, nor will it impress many in the European media. But it will have a tremendous impact in the US media (see February 5, 2003 and After).
Arab League ministers meeting in Cairo pass a resolution declaring the war on Iraq to be a "violation of the United Nations Charter (see 1942)" and a "threat to world peace." They demand an unconditional withdrawal of US and British forces from Iraq. The resolution is adopted unanimously by the 22-member League except for key US ally Kuwait. (BBC 3/25/2003) The Bush administration has repeatedly claimed that one of the reasons for invading Iraq was because Saddam Hussein's alleged arsenal of weapons of mass destruction posed a threat to its neighbors (see January 10, 2001, February 24, 2001, August 15, 2002, and September 8, 2002).
Retired Marine General Anthony Zinni, formerly head of the US Central Command, criticizes the Bush administration's occupation strategy for Iraq, saying that the administration has never put together a coherent strategy, never created a plan for achieving its goals, and has not allocated the resources needed to achieve those goals. "There is no strategy or mechanism for putting the pieces together," he says, and so "we're in danger of failing." Speaking to several hundred Marine and Navy officers and others, Zinni, who was badly wounded in Vietnam, says: "My contemporaries, our feelings and sensitivities were forged on the battlefields of Vietnam, where we heard the garbage and the lies, and we saw the sacrifice. I ask you, is it happening again?… We can't go on breaking our military and doing things like we're doing now." A focus of his criticism is the choice by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to have the Defense Department, and not the State Department, oversee postwar efforts in Iraq. "Why the hell would the Department of Defense be the organization in our government that deals with the reconstruction of Iraq?" he asks. "Doesn't make sense." Another area of criticism is the Bush administration's cavalier treatment of the United Nations, particularly in failing to secure a UN resolution that several nations said was a prerequisite for their contributing to the peacekeeping force (see October 21, 2002, October 27, 2002, November 8, 2002, December 31, 2002, February 5, 2003, and March 25, 2003). "We certainly blew past the UN," he says. "Why, I don't know. Now we're going back hat in hand." Zinni is given a warm reception by his audience, some of whom buy recordings of his remarks to share with friends and fellow soldiers. (Ricks 9/5/2003)
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A Healing Place
The Sanatorium in Howell
Michigan Public Act 254 of 1905 called for a state tuberculosis sanatorium to be built at a "suitable location." Physicians supported this endeavor because they wanted a healing place for those afflicted with TB.
By popular subscription, citizens of Howell, Michigan raised the money to purchase 192 acres, located about a quarter mile southwest of their town. This land was then conveyed to the State, free of charge. The State bought additional land for a total of 270 acres. The Howell Sanatorium was soon born.
The Fresh Air Cure
The Howell site offered pure air, pure natural spring water and rolling hills about 1100 feet above sea level. It offered light, sandy, well-drained soil needed for growing fruits and vegetables, fresh food being essential for the treatment of the disease.
The Howell Sanatorium was patterned after the Adirondack Cottage Sanatorium at Saranac Lake in New York. Founded by Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau, this New York facility consisted of shacks or cottages clustered around an administration building. Dr. Trudeau, himself a consumptive, espoused the "fresh air cure." Cottages with open porches were built so that patients could have sun, fresh air, plenty of rest and gentle exercise—all important components of "the cure."
Shacks were built at Howell, and the first male patients were admitted there in 1907. Female patients were admitted in 1908. Howell Sanatorium patients paid $1.00 per day for six months, the standard amount of time allowed to take the cure. Michigan counties paid for indigent patients; this provision was part of the enabling legislation.
Learning to Live with Tuberculosis
Most of the patients at Howell were classified "incipient," that is, the symptoms were light and the patient was not bedridden. The sanatorium staff taught them good health habits: keep a clean, ventilated house; eat plain, nourishing food; get plenty of sleep; cover your mouth with a cloth when coughing. They were taught to boil and disinfect that cloth with carbolic acid. People learned to live with tuberculosis. The chief goal was to make the patient well enough to return home and not be a danger to his family or community. It is important to understand that early treatment of tuberculosis was general medical care. Thoracic surgery, supported by physicians from the University of Michigan, became a more aggressive medical option circa 1928. Effective drugs for fighting the disease, like streptomycin, became available for therapeutic use by circa 1945.
Changes, 1913-1982
In 1913, the State of Michigan appropriated money to establish a second sanatorium for the care of moderately advanced and far advanced TB cases. The State selected Midland, Michigan as the site. However, that city's water supply was poor, so no sanatorium was built there. By 1919, the appropriation was transferred to the Howell facility, and the hospital expanded its admission policy to include advanced TB cases. By 1923, TB experts considered the open shacks too crude and inefficient for housing tuberculosis patients, especially during the Michigan winters. The state built a permanent, brick hospital at Howell that served TB patients until 1961.
With the introduction of drug therapy, many tuberculosis patients could be treated as outpatients. In 1954, the State enacted legislation that allowed the Sanatorium to broaden its admission policy to accept patients who were not suffering from TB. In May of 1961, the State legislature officially closed the TB Sanatorium with the passage of Public Act 111. Staff, buildings and funding were transferred to the newly established Howell State Hospital for the care and treatment of mentally ill patients. In 1971, the state hospital became the Hillcrest Center and, later, the Hillcrest Center for the Developmentally Disabled (1978). In 1982, the State closed Hillcrest, and the hospital at Howell was razed circa 1985.
19 Responses to A Healing Place
wendy foreman December 16, 2009 at 10:51 am
Both my parents worked for the sanitorium for many many years up to the day it closed. We lived in the apartments on the west side of the hospital across from the A & B buildings as they were called when I was born. The only thing remaining there when I visit is the tree I used to swing on & play under with my dog. I'm looking for as much history and pics as I can find. Love all the pics so far,looking for many more. I was born 1961 my birth certificate location states I was born at Michigan State Sanatorium. I am 48 now and I need to remember more of my years of living on the hill!!
Phyllis Brothers December 26, 2009 at 7:50 pm
My cousin, Helen Grammel, spent a lot of time at the sanatorium in Howell. I have some pictures of her when she was there.
Tonya Holcomb-Niamtu January 9, 2010 at 4:16 pm
I am searching for a family member who attanded a TB Sanatorium All I have is his name. I do not have the years that he was there. Other family members are not sure either, but they do know that he was addmitted for TB. I'm not sure where either. If anyone has any info…pleas contact me. Thank you, Tonya
Rita January 12, 2010 at 8:17 pm
I know of 2 other Sanatorium in Detroit and one out further
west that one was called Mayberry. The other one was
Hermen Kiefer Hospital. My husband's sister was at Herman
Kiefer and her children were at Mayberry. She was [name deleted for reasons of confidentiality – Editor.]
Maddie January 17, 2010 at 3:16 pm
I wish it was still there beause a lot of history is still there even though it is gone .. I hope someday to go there and get a sign i find that a cool thing that it was right next to me i live in fowlerville and found this out 2 mounts ago i find the pics to be really cool and i hope i can find more facks in the area …
jamie March 9, 2010 at 12:22 am
in 1947 my mother was in Herman Keifer and about the same time I was treated for tb at mayberry. I was about a yr & a half at the time and was there about 15 months. Interestingly, I have a few memories! I've been trying to get some info on mayberry, maybe some pics. My older brother, now deceased, was a resident at Hillcrest as well as another state facility in Lapeer. It's good to see this site and hear some of your comments. Any suggestions where I might get more info? Thanks and *** Bless
joe dzenowagis August 2, 2011 at 8:22 pm
I work for MORC and am writing an article about the closure of all institutions in Michigan for our eMORC Magazine. Does anyone know where I can get 300dpi images of the postcard-like cover shots of the facility. I'm interested in one that is not on this site as well.
Thanks, Joe
Bob Garrett, Archives of Michigan August 3, 2011 at 10:16 am
Mr. Dzenowagis – If you are interested in Archives of Michigan photos, then please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com
Jamie Saloff November 11, 2011 at 4:18 pm
My grandmother spent time at Howell approximately 1925 and I have a few photos of her there. I also have some images with her and other women. A few are named. She died of TB in 1926.
barbara March 31, 2012 at 9:54 pm
I spent some time at the Howell State Hospital in1968 0r 9 as a nursing student. I thought the setting was lovely —- up on that hillside , large shade trees, historical buildings, etc..Patients were outside seated in wooden lawn chairs. Now inside was not as nice. The smell of urine was overwhelming, with uncovered bedpans on shelves above the beds. Sadder yet were the patients. Outside were older long term mental patients whereas inside were young children that were severely debilatated physically and mentally. A lasting impression came upon me. Perhaps that is why I was checking on the condition of the hospital, and why I can not help but feel a bit of sorrow to find that this place of history is no longer in existance…….. barbara
Suzanne June 20, 2012 at 8:06 pm
Could someone give me the exact location of this hospital; such as a street address or where a present building now stands in its place. Thank You.
Vince December 6, 2012 at 1:12 pm
I have some pictures of Matberry after it was closed but beforee it was torn down. If you will e-mail me at firstname.lastname@example.com, I will arrange for you to see them. They are stereo photos so I am not able to scan them and send them to you. but we can probably arrange something. My phone number is Howell 519-552-7214. Good luck
Rosemary Beardsley August 17, 2014 at 5:41 pm
My dad, Ray Wawrzyniak, was at the sanatorium from 1943-1947. In 1947 the doctors recommended the streptomycin therapy at the Michigan Medical Center. He was there for 8 months, & was cured. After 3 agonizing years!! I never knew the suffering. Terrible, terrible suffering. I asked *** to make him a Saint.
Jane Randolph October 31, 2014 at 9:27 am
My great aunt Iva Grace Murry was at the sanatorium from 1951-1952 where she passed away. Her death certificate indicate she had Addison's disease as well as pulmonary tuberculosis. The attending physician's name is Carolyn J. Reutter, MD. Wondering if anyone has memories of either person. Thanks. My aunt may have been there prior to 1951,not sure. Her home address was in Milan, MI.
nathaniel cathey October 2, 2015 at 1:09 pm
I was at maybury 5 years as a child…1943 ….till 1948 mom says I started school up there ….have been trying to get any info documenting that I was there …if any one knows how to get records or anything please e mail me thank you..been trying for years
Molly Marcum May 15, 2017 at 6:48 pm
My dad, Arnold Bourke and his brother George Bourke were both at Howell during the early 1940's with TB. George died in 1943 my dad recovered. I don't know what year dad was released. Anyone with additional information will be greatly appreciated.
Lynette Grant April 15, 2018 at 9:58 am
I'm looking for information on my mother who was there in the 40's. Her name was Imogene Gladys Stevens from Flint, Michigan.
Kari Formsma August 27, 2018 at 7:34 pm
Lots of young deaths in my family in the first part of the 1900's in The Grand Rapids area. Any information on how it was managed in that part of Michigan ?


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See St Michael's Mount at Marazion, Believed to be Britain's Oldest Town: Tucked away in the very far corner of South West Cornwall is the charming little town of Marazion with only 1,500 inhabitants. This ancient market town is believed to be Britain's oldest chartered town. Aside from being … [Read more...]
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1. Hang in There at Co-Prosperity Sphere
Curated by Jason Lazarus, a group exhibition of 45 artists addressing the idea of MOTIVATION.
Co-Prosperity Sphere is located at 3219 S Morgan St. Reception is Friday from 7-10pm.
2. Instruction Sets at Autumn Space
Work by Patrick Bobilin, Nick Cueva, Matthew Cummings, Wyatt Grant, Anthony Lewis, Nicole Mazza, Chiara No, Stephanie Plenner, William Sieruta, Cait Stephens, Clare Torina, Allison Wade, Erin Washington and Travis Wyche.
Autumn Space is located at 1700 W Irving Park Rd, #207. Reception is Saturday from 6-9pm.
3. HeartBrainLungGut at Pentagon
Work by Olivia Swider and Julia Asherman.
Pentagon is located at 2655 W Homer St. Reception is Saturday from 7-11pm.
4. Video Playlist: Intimate Civics and Everyday Explorers at Museum of Contemporary Photography
Work by Paul Chan, Olivia Ciummo, Coco Fusco, Jillian Mayer and Chi Jang Yin.
Museum of Contemporary Photography is located at 600 S. Michigan Ave. Reception is Friday beginning at 5:30pm. Screenings from 6-8pm.
Work by Hope Esser and Christalena Hughmanick.
Murdertown is located at 2351 N. Milwaukee Ave. Reception is Saturday from 6-9pm.
Latest posts by stephanieburke (see all)
- 10 Shows to See Friday After EXPO - September 17, 2015
- Top 10 Weekend Picks! (9/4-9/6) - September 3, 2015
- Top 5 Weekend Picks! (8/21-8/23) - August 20, 2015


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Upcoming Civilization 5 Patch Fixes Crash Bugs, UI Issues and Exploits
According to 2K community manager Greg Laab, the patch notes--originally made available yesterday--do not represent the entire upcoming update. Based on feedback in the forums following the partial patch details, it appears that the most favored change is the ability to disable "auto-unit cycling."
Although a small issue in early games, auto-unit cycling makes playing Civilization V a nightmare at every turn in late game stages, snapping the camera to every available unit in seemingly no organized order. We couldn't be happier that, soon, that issue will come to a timely end.
- User Interface
- Fix for production prompt that sometimes appears with newly created puppet states that could stop the player from being able to end the turn.
- Aircraft banner corrections - now when you rebase an aircraft, the number will move with it.
- Resource icons now come up with Ctrl-R again, instead of sharing the same button with Build Roads.
- Selecting a great general will no longer cause yield icons to appear.
- Added option to disable auto-unit cycling.
- Fix for full-screen game when running dual monitors. Previously, the curser could scroll off the "open" side, and not be able to scroll the map in that direction.
- Misc additional fixes to mouse controls, and other interface issues.
- Rounded out financial information in the Economic Overview screen. Details now provided on the amount of gold provided by each city, the cost of buildings in each city, etc.
- Auto-populate save menu with save file name
- Allow selection of other cities by hex from within the city screen
- Added detailed trade route info to Economic Overview screen
- Category list now displays correctly
- Workers - Added option to force workers to ignore manually made improvements (so they don't change what you decide was best for a plot).
- Workers - Fixed bug where number of turns to complete were incorrect in build action button tool-tip.
- Economy - Fixed bug where players could disband a single unit, and not see the economic return until disbanding 1 more.
- Economy - Increased city wealth setting to 25%
- Economy - Multiple fixes to the way trade-routes are tabulated and recognized.
- Economy - Can now sell Buildings in a city (to help lower maintenance for obsolete buildings later in the game).
- Trade - Found and corrected a Trade problem that could cause your Resource inventory to multiply.
- City States - Fixed a bug where you could not gift aircraft to city states.
- Military - Medic promotion now only provides healing bonus for adjacent units.
- Military - Fix for Minuteman movement.
- Military - Correct promotions for "archer-like" units (horse archers, chariots).
- Military - Embarked units will no longer slow enemy land units
- Military - Improved unit cycling logic. Camera will jump around much less.
- Balance - Engineers +1 hammer
- A.I. Changes
- Military - Better handling of unit need (navy vs land, etc.) .
- Military - AI will tend to build ships to deal with blockaded cities more often
- Military - Corrected an issue hampering movement of AI armies, especially when in close proximity to enemy forces
- Diplomacy - AI will be more reluctant to offer or accept open border agreements with more powerful opponents.
- Diplomacy - Fix for never ending deals (peace, research agreements, etc).
- City - City specialization and city focus improvements.
- City - Cities that are Avoiding Growth will not grow while that option is selected
- Workers - Priority of trading posts reduced, and rebalanced priorities on other improvements
- Workers - Improved the path-finding mechanic when building route-to roads improved, including a large performance increase when evaluating road-pathing.
- Multiplayer
- Exploit - Fix for gifting unit exploit
- Chat - Color-coding, sound alerts, etc., added for in-game chat system, including a larger window.
- Deals - Additional deal validation put in place to verify deals before they are committed
- Research treaties that end because you declare war will no longer grant the free tech
- Save/Load - Fix for corrupted saves being experienced by some players in late-game.
- Map - Huge map crash-during-load fix that were reported on some specific systems.
- Map - Terrain caching fix that could cause problems for certain video cards (the "glowing red orbs" seen on the map are an indicator of this).
- Map - Fix for the low res terrain that appears the first time the game is run (terrain tiles would not load in anything but low-res the first time you play on some computer configurations)
- Strategic View - Crash fix for units rendering in background.
- Strategic View - Fix for selecting units either standing on a city plot, or garrisoned in the city plot.
- Eyefinity - Better handling of leader scenes when using Eyefinity displays.
- Tutorials - Many tutorial tweaks and adjustments.
- Multiple crash fixes.
From The Chatty


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"In 2004, when Nintendo originally launched the Nintendo DS with its PictoChat feature, it wasn't uncommon for people to doodle dicks. Then Nintendo put a camera on the DSi, and the inevitable happened: penis photos.
According to Japanese site ZakZak, which is running a story from Spa!, a tabloid, about teachers' stories "unbelievable things" Japanese students have done, one student used his DSi camera for purposes Nintendo did not intend.
"I discovered a young man using the DS camera to peep on girls at school," said a 43-year-old male teacher. The teacher apparently confiscated the male student's DS (the original quote said "DS" and not "DSi"). "Saved on the DS, there were upskirt photos as well as photos of the student's own penis. The entire staff was sickened by what we found."
Japanese tabloids are known for their wild yarns—some of which are true and some of which are not. If true, somebody was glad for once that the Nintendo DSi camera is a measly 0.3 megapixels."
Guy at the comments: "Pics or it didn't happen" xD


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Since May 18 th 2001.
Placement: Camera is placed in the outdoor casing on the second floor balcony (West side).
Frequency: picture is taken every second (frequency could be higher, but for web possibilities every second is considered enough).
Animation (quick daily review) - page for displaying sequence of previously taken pictures. Pictures are archiving every 10 minutes. Archive has pictures from previous seven days.
Pictures archive (daily basis) - page for displaying long term archive of pictures, showing daily picture taken at same time (but at different day).


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5Pcs White Latex Balloon Kit
PREMIUM HIGH-QUALITY LATEX: We monitor our balloons in the production process so they have a much higher latex content than the industry standard, which means they are made with thick heavy duty material that won't pop unless you want them to!
Generally, 12-inch latex balloons filled with helium will float between 6-10 hours.Balloons filled with air will stay inflated between 8-10 hours outdoors and 12-20 hours indoors.
Brand: Sunbeauty
Package: 5 into an opp bag
Size: 12 inch
Color: Orange
Material: Latex
We love our products and hope that you will as well! Unfortunately we understand that sometimes we are unsatisfied with a purchase and want to return it. Please contact us to arrange any returns. Also keep in mind that all items returned must be unused and resalable condition within 7 business days once received.
Please refer to this form for shipping price calculation form. If you have any other questions, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com


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For more than a decade, Robert Zemeckis made some of the most reliably crowd-pleasing films in Hollywood, some were better than others, but the guy was bankable and at times genuinely entertaining. Then he discovered motion-capture animation.
Now he's returning to Earth with "Flight," starring Denzel Washington in a role vaguely similar to the one he played in "Unstoppable," reported 24 Frames. Washington will play a pilot who is at first hailed as a hero for saving his passengers from peril, until it's learned that it was his substance abuse put everyone in danger to begin with. Jerk.
Zemeckis started in 2004 to put all his energies into the then-new mo-cap technology, first with "The Polar Express." He followed suit with "Beowulf" and then "A Christmas Carol," both of which had domestic box-office receipts far short of recouping their budgets and just looked creepy.
U.S. & World
Then came this year's "Mars Needs Moms," a film of such epic flop-itude--it made $21 million domestically, cost $150 million--that Disney changed their minds about bankrolling Zemeckis' "Yellow Submarine" remake, and thank god for that.
Zemeckis has made so many iconic films--"Romancing the Stone," "Back to the Future," "Who Framed Roger Rabbit," " Forrest Gump"--it's hard to believe he fell so far. Don't know if he's got a comeback in him, but we sure hope so.


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A 14.0-inch laptop that came installed with Windows 10 Home in S Mode, but was tested with Windows 10 Home, an Intel Pentium Silver N5000 1.1GHz processor, 4GB of memory, Intel UHD Graphics 605 graphics, and a 64GB solid-state drive.
Results in the following chart are gathered from Consumer Reports' 2018 and 2019 Winter Surveys of 56,538 laptops, owned by members who purchased a new device between 2013 and 2019.
Our predicted brand reliability ratings are based on a statistical model that estimates problem rates within the first 3 years of ownership, for laptops that are not covered by an extended warranty or service contract. We also adjust for the median number of hours of use per week. The median in our survey was 15 hours per week. Higher ratings are indicative of better reliability. Brands receiving a red or orange rating cannot be recommended by CR at this time.
Our owner satisfaction ratings are based on the proportion of members who are extremely likely to recommend their laptop brand to friends and family.
Source: Consumer Reports' 2018 and 2019 Winter Surveys
Source: Consumer Reports' 2018 and 2019 Winter Surveys


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Huawei Activa 4G Launches at MetroPCS for $149
MetroPCS added a new 4G LTE smartphone to its lineup today with the launch of the Huawei Activa 4G. It's Huawei's first 4G smartphone in the U.S. and the most affordable one in the carrier's portfolio, at $149.99 (after a $50 mail-in rebate) without contract. There are some trade-offs for the cheaper price, including an older version of Android and a smaller 3.5-inch touchscreen, but you also get a five-megapixel camera and a four gigabyte microSD card preloaded with "Kung Fu Panda 2." The Huawei Activa 4G is available now.


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Bryce writes:
When Inkscape moved to Launchpad, the Bazaar team asked if Inkscape would be adopting bzr as well.
With the Inkscape 0.47 release out, and following a rather lengthy series of debates on git vs. bzr vs svn, we have switched to Bazaar. Thanks go to Ted Gould for doing all the heavy lifting in shifting things over (and winning many hearts and minds).
From the Inkscape 0.47 release manager just now:
<ScislaC> I LOVE bazaar! :D
Finally a vcs I can use via command line in a way that makes sense to me and I don't feel like I'll accidentally make a bad commit.


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Writing from the heart of the daughter of the King. A woman undone by grace. An "it is finished" love story. Writer of joys. Receiver of grace. Lover of simplicity. Thrift store diva. A stress, guilt, and perfection free zone. Welcome, friends.
Showing posts from March, 2018


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Discover the top chefs who have helped New Zealand earn the reputation as an exciting fine food destination for discerning foodies.
Kiwi celebrity chef Peter Gordon - based in New Zealand and the UK - works with a string of critically acclaimed restaurants around the globe, including The Sugar Club and Bellota in Auckland and the famed The Providores and Tapa Room in London.
Arguably New Zealand's best known chef, Peter Gordon became known as 'the father of fusion cuisine' after pioneering the blend of Eastern and Western cuisine styles in the eighties. Gordon, who is of Māori descent and hails from Wanganui on the North Island's west coast, has lived in London for the past 20 years but makes regular trips back to New Zealand.
New Zealand chef Josh Emett is rated amongst the best in the world. Emett's rise to chef stardom has taken him on a global journey to some of the most famous and highly acclaimed eating establishments where he's worked with top international chefs and wowed the rich and famous with his culinary talents.
Emett opened his first restaurant in New Zealand in 2012 in Queenstown. Rātā, takes inspiration from the southern landscape and showcases the best in New Zealand wine and cuisine. The fine-dining establishment is rated as one of New Zealand's best and is a must-do for any foodie who visits Queenstown.
Other restaurants run by Josh Emmett are Madam Woo, with locations in Queenstown, Auckland, Hamilton and Dunedin and Ostro in Auckland.
One of New Zealand's most celebrated chefs with many cookbooks and awards to her name, Langbein promotes a healthy, less complicated way of living, sustained by home-grown, fresh food, easily prepared and lovingly shared - an example of how life ought to be.
Few cooks can perfect the garden to table cycle as effectively as Annabel Langbein – the New Zealand television chef whose fresh, simple approach to food and life has created an international following.
Find about more about Annabel here.
Alister Brown – chef, TV presenter, writer and restaurant-owner – is one of the best known faces of New Zealand cuisine.
Since co-founding an iconic Wellington restaurant in 1996, Alister Brown's career has diversified into writing cookbooks, television cooking shows, producing food products and, most recently, the establishment of new eateries and food outlets in Auckland.
Now based in Auckland, Brown can be found in any one of his three trendy city centre establishments - Depot Eatery & Oyster Bar, Best Ugy Bagels and Federal Delicatessen. Depot and Federal are located in the Federal Street entertainment precinct adjacent to the Sky Tower, and Best Ugy is not far away within the new cafe hub at City Works Depot.
Away from the television cameras, Masterchef judge Simon Gault is an entrepreneurial chef whose name is associated with a string of top New Zealand restaurants.
As executive chef at Euro - one of the culinary stars on Auckland's Viaduct Harbour waterfront strip - Gault saw his establishment included in prestigious US Condé Nast Traveler magazine's list of top 50 restaurants in the world.
He is executive chef to the Nourish Group which includes day-to-day running of Euro Restaurant and Jervois Steak House (Auckland); Bistro Lago (Taupo); and Shed 5 and Pravda restaurants (Wellington).


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Happy Sunday dear friends!
Thank you for all the sweet comments on my previous post! As a thank you, I'm making an exception and posting a non-vegan and non-healthy recipe, the recipe for the traditional Finnish mocha squares you saw on the previous post. The mocha squares were a special treat for my husband, because - well, that's what us wives do :-)
On that note, you could always make this vegan by using egg substitutes, non-dairy milk and vegan butter. You could also try the slightly healthier version, recipe here.
PS. My apologies for the crappy iphone photo!
PS. My apologies for the crappy iphone photo!
Finnish Mocha Squares
(Recipe adapted from Kotiruoka)
(Recipe adapted from Kotiruoka)
4 (organic, free-range) eggs
270g (raw caster sugar) sugar
150g (unsalted organic) butter
200ml (organic) milk
1/2 teaspoon ground pure vanilla
3 teaspoons baking powder
3 tablespoons unsweetened cacao powder
350g (organic) plain flour
280g (natural) icing sugar
2 tablespoons unsweetened cacao powder
1/2 teaspoon ground pure vanilla
50g (unsalted organic) butter
4 tablespoons strong coffee
desiccated coconut, to decorate
1. Preheat oven to 200C and line a large (18cm x 27cm) baking dish with baking paper.
2. Beat the eggs and sugar until fluffy. Add melted, cooled-down butter.
3. Mix vanilla, baking powder, cacao powder and plain flour in a separate bowl.
4. Add the dry ingredients (through a sieve) into the egg and sugar mixture alternately with milk. Fold carefully after each addition to mix.
5. Pour the batter into the baking dish and bake for 30-40 minutes or until a tester inserted in the middle of the cake comes out clean and the cake feels firm to touch. Leave to cool slightly.
6. To prepare the topping, sieve icing sugar and cacao powder into a bowl. Add vanilla, warm, melted butter and hot coffee. Stir into a thick(ish) paste (it shouldn't be too runny). Spread the topping on top of the cake, sprinkle with coconut and leave to cool before cutting. These cakes can be frozen.


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Local, state, federal agencies hold disaster drill
Federal government paying for drill
Local, state and federal disaster responders are holding a mock response drill in Auburn on Wednesday.
The goal of the drill is to test how the responders handle large-scale disaster.
Click here for photos from the drill.
Details of the mock disaster are being kept secret.
The drill will include responders from the Lewiston and Auburn police and fire departments, Androscoggin County, Maine Emergency Management Agency, Federal Aviation Administration, TSA and Homeland Security.
Organizers said, during the 6-hour drill, they will look at how those agencies coordinate, communicate and manage a significant multi-layer event.
One of the reasons to practice something like this is so the agencies working together during a disaster learn as much as they can about each other.
"You want to know each others' names. You want to establish who's in control of what particular aspect of the disaster. You want to know who reports to the media, who reports to the Governor, who reports to the federal government, and this is designed to figure out all those different scenarios," said Lewiston-Auburn 911 Director Phyllis Gamache.
During the drill, monitors will look communication, who is in charge and what and determine what needs improvement.
The federal government is funding the drill. Local and state agencies will be reimbursed for any costs.


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Standard Chartered, a leading international bank with almost 150 years operating in markets such as Asia, Africa and the Middle East, realized that its customers wanted to bank anywhere, anytime in a simple, convenient and intuitive way. After all, well over half of its customers would be using mobile banking in 2011.
Mobile banking, however, can be a Catch-22. The customer experience should be richly functional, versatile and engaging, but whatever Standard Chartered built had to present minimal development costs and a reduced time to market.
The result was Breeze — built with the Adobe Flash Platform. Breeze allows customers to securely manage their finances—from finding ATMs to paying bills—in entertaining, convenient and personalized ways on their preferred digital device.
With Adobe Flash Platform technologies—AIR 2.5, Flash Builder and the Flex framework—the bank was able to apply a single development platform and reuse the same code to quickly build applications to run on multiple devices, from Samsung, iPad, and Android tablets to Android smartphones. Adobe Creative Suite Design Premium software helped the team design the user interface.
The advantages using the Adobe Flash Platform were quickly evident. For instance, the development team found it easy to work with Flash Builder because of how familiar they were with Eclipse-based integrated development environments (IDEs). AIR 2.5 saved the team weeks on the project thanks to fast performance and reduced memory leaks. Overall, Standard Chartered cut time to market by 40 percent and investment in the application by two-thirds using Adobe tools and existing code.
In addition to time and cost savings, Standard Chartered is looking forward to how Adobe tools will allow them to seamlessly introduce new features and content without disrupting customer experiences. Using Adobe SiteCatalyst, powered by Omniture, the bank's executives can measure and analyze site traffic to improve visitors' experiences even more. Breeze will also soon offer location-based services for features like using a smartphone to search for local merchant discounts when using a Standard Chartered credit card.
To learn more about how Adobe powers Standard Chartered's Breeze, check out the story here.