text:
Risk Warning:
Trading Currency (Fx), CFDs and other leveraged products/financial instruments on margin carry a high risk, and may not be suitable for all traders/clients and investors. You must ensure that you read our full Risk Warning by following this link. You should familiarise yourself with the content of the Risk Warning before applying for an account or commencing trading. All trading involves risk. Losses can exceed deposits. Please ensure that you fully understand the risks involved. VIBHS Financials Ltd is an FSC (Financial Services Commission, Mauritius) regulated company holding a Category 1 Global Business License.


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It's a real battle of egos on set today for Angelina Valentine, the sluttiest porn star in the biz. This dick-hungry nympho isn't used to anyone taking the attention away from her huge fake tits, or her dick-sucking lips. But her co-star Keiran has an ego as large as his prick, and he's been acting like a real diva ever since he arrived. Before the cameras roll, Angelina begs her cocksman to rehearse the X-rated action, and give her a little taste of that fat dick. Collapse
Available formats
Niche & Categories

subset: commoncrawl


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LCHS to host FAFSA workshop Jan. 22
Send a link to a friend
[January 13, 2014]
The guidance department at Lincoln Community
High School and the Illinois Student Assistance Commission will
sponsor a FAFSA Completion Workshop for students and their parents
or guardians on Jan. 22, between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m.
Interested parties should call the LCHS
guidance office at 732-4131, ext 235, to schedule an appointment, or
students can sign up with their guidance counselor.
A list of items necessary to fill out the FAFSA can also be
obtained from the guidance office.
[Text from announcement received from
Lincoln Community
High School]
< Top Stories index
Back to top


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The Harry Potter Wiki's blog policy, like the talk page and User page policies, is designed to keep the focus on editing articles. To maintain this focus there are a few policies regarding blogs.
- Blogs must be on-topic – This means they must discuss something related to the site, whether it be new material coming out that will impact our articles and what changes will need to be made, announcing changes to the site structure or content, organising a project for improving the site or an article, or discussing potential changes in policy.
- No fan fiction – This is a canonical wiki, and not the place for fan fiction. It serves little purpose to ban its inclusion in the main wiki, but allow it to blossom in the blogs. There are many Harry Potter fan fiction sites across the Internet, and even a Harry Potter Fanon Wiki. Users will be redirected to these sites. In the case of abuse, the user can be banned under administrative authority.
- Keep it civil – Civility is expected to be maintained in all blog posts and comments. Blogs are not to be used to make a point or make personal attacks against users.
- No objectionable material – Please remember that this is a wiki that children and parents are likely to read. No foul language, or content of a sexual nature.
- Your blog is not your primary contribution to this wiki – Users who edit their blogs excessively will be subject to sanction. Excessive blog editing, in this case, is defined as over 15% of a user's total edits are in the Blog domain. The majority of a user's edits should be in the more useful (Main space)/Template/Category domains. Users who have an excessive number of their edits in the blog namespace will be warned and potentially blocked at the administrators discretion.
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Blog posts failing the above rules will be deleted and the user warned and/or blocked at the administrator's discretion. All blog posts must be categorized into Category:Blog posts.
*Disclosure: Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, Fandom will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase. Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Wilhelm foundations shop
Start page
Special offers
Terms & conditions
Contact us
Prices in:
Gift certificate
WILHELM FOUNDATION Bracelets
UNDIAGNOSED Bracelets
Memorial letter
Exclusive flower cards
Flower card with border
Flower cards without border
WILHELM FOUNDATION Bracelets
Bracelets white/gold
Bracelets white/gold
Click to enlarge image
Click to enlarge image
Click to enlarge image
Wilhelm Foundation now offers different kinds to choose from; or why not have one of each?
This beaded necklace is made from small white pearls along with colored gold pearls with black letters in the middle.
Each bracelet is unique!
The standard size is 18 cm.
The bracelet will be delivered in a small organza bag, which makes it a perfect present for yourself or a friend! The organza bag comes in several colors.
The brilliant idea of selling Wilhelm Foundation bracelets came from Leon's mother. Leo has an undiagnosed brain disease and his mother wanted to help the foundation, and so she came up with the idea to create bracelets. The bracelets have been a huge success and we now have several volunteers who help Wilhelm Foundation create them! A big thank you to Leon's mother for this great idea and all the bracelets you have made, and also a big thank you to all volunteers who help the Wilhelm Foundation!
Wilhelm Foundation's most hardworking bracelet volunteer is Erika Halme. Erika also sells bracelet in her neighborhood, Linköping. A big thank you for everything - you are a real gem!
The bracelets are available with the text "Wilhelm Foundation" or "Willefonden". If nothing else is specified the writing will be in English (Wilhelm Foundation) for orders outside of Sweden, since that is what we call the foundation in English. In Sweden we call it Willefonden.
Important! Don't forget to inform us if you want a different language on your bracelet.
The bracelets are handmade by our volunteers, which is why the only cost is for material and shipping.
Rundis.se provides a generous discount for Wilhelm Foundation in order to help children with undiagnosed brain diseases. A warm thank you to Rundis!
Shipping is included.
Add to cart


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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Episode 5
PREVIEW FROM THE NEXT EPISODE!http://www.youtube.com/v/_K8_h6tHspw
I think it's Oklahoma.
Quote from: Airlinesguy on October 21, 2013, 05:51:20 AMI think it's Oklahoma.so does that mean they got U-turned?that be-statues task were absolutely a detourand in cap 22-23, they looked like they were doing a dancing task together, which could possibly be another side of the detourand they seemed very upset.oh my fu*cking god! are you fu*king kidding me!
#11 #12 makes me think that a U-turn has been used on one team when Leo & Jamal reached (second one is definitely unused then). The first slots seem to be occupied already.
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RebusFarm Community
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RebusFarm Community is the creative outlet for your content!
Our Community Blog features a wide variety of posts, ranging from portraits of talented artists, interviews with industry insiders to making-ofs and exhibition reports. Take a look beyond the image and get exclusive insights into the creative minds of the CG community.
Our engines stand still unless they are fueled by the creativity of the 3D community. Contribute now and we'll gladly feature your artwork!
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Each month we are looking for your best 3D image or video! Check our 3D Artist of the Month category and enter the contest to win amazing prizes and the attention of the whole CG community. No matter if rendered at RebusFarm or not, we will feature your artwork for a whole month!
In our ArtWanted!Feature category you will find amazing work which was rendered at RebusFarm. As reward you will receive RenderPoints in case of usage. Find out more and send us your work now!


text: Home / Mica / Natural Mica Powder - Beach Bronze - MICRO Natural Mica Powder - Beach Bronze - MICRO £1.35 Stock Status: In Stock sunkissed tan Add to your Wish List You will earn 1 points with this purchase Information Resin8 Beach Bronze Mica Powder is a pearlescent powder pigment that is just like sunkissed golden sand mixed with bunished brown tones. It can be used in all of our resins to provide shimmering effects and is also cosmetic grade and perfect for use in make-up, soaps and other crafts.When we source new colours we release them in MICRO size only - 1-2g in a reusable plastic tub - if the colour is loved by everyone it will be promoted to a full size Resin8 mica powder.Resin8 Mica Powders are:100% ethically sourced - we do not buy from mines who exploit children as workers100% pure colour - none of our mica powder contains "fillers" 100% vegan friendly - you won't find any crushed beetles in our mica!100% cosmetic grade - raw material, safe to use in cosmetics (eyes, lips, skin)100% cruelty-free - our mica has never and will never be tested on animals100% natural - made from muscovite flakes coated with ultramarines, iron oxides and natural dyesMade from natural minerals, our mica powder has a small micron size (giving great cover and dispersion, and the all-important shimmer) and you only need a small amount to create lustrous effects in resin. Hugely versatile, you can use our mica powder in resin, art, nail polish, card-making, body butter/wax, oil, face products, calligraphy, car paint and, of course, cosmetics such as eyeshadow, lip products and blusher. Decorate the surface of candles, polymer clay and even soap with it. Mix it with opaque colours to add shimmer and try mixing micas together to create new shades.This mica comes in a sample size only (approx 1-2g). If you'd like even more just contact us! Extract mica from the container using a cocktail stick or mixing stick and add to the resin mix. For more guidance on how to use mica powder in resin, check out our video below. Cosmetic Ingredients (Beach Bronze): Mica (CI: 77019, CAS: 12001-26-2)Iron Oxide (CI: 77491, CAS: 1309-37-1)You can download a full MSDS and TDS for every colour here. Cosmetic "Certificates of Analysis" (COA) are available on request, however these are produced per batch of mica powder so we will need to know the date that you ordered. Specifications Product Code: MP.042.001 Colour: Copper/Bronze Weight/Volume: approx 1-2g Shelf Life: 12 months Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI): Mica (CI: 77019, CAS: 12001-26-2) Iron Oxide (CI: 77491, CAS: 1309-37-1) Type: Mica Powder You May Also Like Coat-it 1 to 1 Epoxy Art Resin - 200ml £13.95 Nitrile Gloves x 5 pairs £2.10 My Resin Work Mat £1.60 100% Natural Purely Mica Selection - Metallic From: £17.95


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double &val = 66.6; //illegal
const double &val = 66.6; //legal
I was just doing some demo programs and came through the above concept but not able to identify what exactly the need of the above concept . what magic exactly const is doing in the second case ?
can anyone please let me know where exactly we can use this concept in real time programming ?


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Pie of the Week: Do-Si-Dos Pie
Get the Recipe
This week's pie is a tribute to Do-Si-Dos, the Girl Scout cookie made by sandwiching peanut butter cream between two crumbly, oat-y cookies. As a kid, I especially enjoyed their creamy peanut butter filling. And, like most kids, I lacked the restraint to eat a sandwich cookie whole. Instead I opted to twist apart the two cookies to get at the good stuff, then eat the cookies sans the intended flavor of the cream. This last part was always done with much sadness, and I always wished that there could be more peanut butter cream filling.
For this pie, I introduce my inner, sugar-deprived child to the sweet-n'-savory loving adult that I've become. It had been a while since I'd had a Do-Si-Do, and in my memory the cookie contained actual oatmeal, which, I was disappointed to learn, is no longer the case. (While the texture mimics it, there's nary an oat to be seen). To compensate, I added toasted, rolled oats to my food processor bowl along with the cookies that were destined to become the crumb crust. Topping that crust with a super smooth peanut butter mousse made perfect sense, but what of the sandwiching factor and the twist? Simple. Just like old times, each of my remaining cookies twisted apart easily, and the halves worked perfectly for "sandwiching" the peanut butter mousse between the crust and a top layer of cookies.
The result is a peanut butter mousse and oatmeal cookie explosion. In the recipe, there are pinches of salt here and there, but to my personal taste, those pinches are more like 1/2 teaspoons. If you're a fan of the sweet and savory combo, I highly recommend that you follow suit. Adult, meet kid. Kid, meet adult.


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The Analects is the title of a book purported to contain the words and acts of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It was written over a period of 30 to 50 years between 479BCE and 221BCE. The earliest fragments of the document were found written on bamboo strips and have been dated to some time before 55BCE.
The Analects can be considered significant for several reasons.
- It is the representative document of Confucianism, a philosophy that is still highly significant to East Asian thinking and has been so for over 2000 years.
- It is possible to draw parallels between the Analects and the Sermon on the Mount, often considered by Christians to be the finest sermon, and the best advice ever given. The concept of the ethic of reciprocity is mentioned in both texts: Matthew 7-12 and Analects XV:24. The existence of this and other versions of the ethic of reciprocity prove that values often claimed to be divinely inspired were predated by secular thinking as well as by philosophers of faiths other than Christianity.


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Coming off a big win at the Burlington Invitational, Harwood hosted its first home meet of the season on Tuesday, September 22, and looking to beat Harwood this week were teams from Stowe, Peoples Academy, U-32, Hazen and Enosburg Falls. Despite a very strong challenge from the Stowe boys with 34 points, Harwood proved up to the challenge with a final tally of 24 points at the September 26 meet.
Caleb Kessler and Geoffrey Kazlow worked together and emerged from the first woods section in first and second place. They were chased by boys from Stowe and Peoples in third and fourth, respectively. Kessler went on to finish first, his second win of the season, with Kazlow taking third just behind Stowe runner Sam Puddicombe in a tight sprint finish.
Seventh-graders Jacob Palmerio (4th) and Sam Nishi (5th) are improving each week and finished just behind Kazlow. The all important "fifth man" this week was Jack Barnett (12th) followed by Nathaniel Kuzio (13th). A four strong group of Harwood runners Ethan Carr, Noah Evans, Ivan Bjonlund, and Parker Sheinfeld occupied places 16th through 19th. Rounding out Harwood's win were Parker Gonnet (23rd) and Marcus Helmken (26th).
Representing the girls, Clio Briggs ran a strong race to take 14th place and Marika Mayberry came home in 22nd place. Both girls are getting stronger and are looking to improve further as the season progresses.
On Saturday, September 26, the team traveled to the U32 Invitational. Much like the course at Harwood this is a great course for spectators because with a little effort you can see the racers at many different places. One hundred ten boys took the start with 10 teams vying for the win with several teams squaring off against Harwood for the first time this season. The favorite team coming into the race was the Fred H. Tuttle Middle School who had not lost a meet in the last two seasons and was hoping to keep that streak alive with a win at U32. Also in the hunt for the win were the powerful Essex Middle School team as well as two-time runner up to Harwood this season, the Stowe Middle School.
The start at this race is somewhat less crucial as the boys run a long way on grassy fields before entering the woods. Despite this fact the start proved very fast. Andy Cassarino of Rutland, the winner of last week's Burlington Invitational, went straight to the front once again and, employing the "out of sight out of mind" strategy, stayed there to take first place. Behind the Rutland runner there was a tight group of six boys fighting for second place. Kazlow and Kessler both made the selection and were in this group with several runners from FH Tuttle, Essex and Shelburne. At 1k to go Kessler and Kazlow were uncharacteristically dangling off the back of this group. Just behind this small group were Palmerio and Nishi looking to move up.
As the boys moved out of the woods and up the deceptively tough grassy climb to the finish, Kessler had moved to third and Kazlow to fifth. With 150 meters to go Kessler sprinted into second place where he stayed. Kazlow came home nine seconds later for seventh place followed by Palmerio, 18 more seconds back for eighth. Sam Nishi was 14th followed by Tanner McGrath of the Green Mountain Valley School in 15th out for his first XC race this season. Harwood showed its depth and had a new "fifth man" this race with Sam Robinson coming home in 16th place just two seconds behind Nishi. Knowing that sixth- and seventh-place finishers would be tiebreakers, Kuzio (32nd) and Evans (39th) pushed hard to pick up the fewest points. Also finishing strong for Harwood were Sheinfield (43rd), Gonnet (45th), Barnett (51st) and Helmkin (62nd).
The final outcome for the team competition was too close to call as FH Tuttle had 3 runners in the top 10. When the team results were tallied Harwood came out on top with a score of 39 points upsetting FH Tuttle with 59 points and Essex with 76 points. For the girls, Marika Mayberry had her best result of the season putting in a strong effort to take 10th place.
Coach Eley was very happy with the team's results this week. He commented that the runners are improving with each meet and really getting a feel for how hard they can push themselves. The team's next race is the Thetford Woods Run which takes place on Saturday, October 3, and typically has over 200 racers with strong teams from Vermont and New Hampshire participating. This event will be the boys' biggest challenge this season and all are looking to run their best race in an effort to make it four in a row.


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Several weeks ago I celebrated a birthday and for the celebration my daughter made an adorable birthday bunting. I have to admit until I saw that banner I hadn't really understood what all the "bunting fuss" was about. I thought they were cute, but didn't necessarily feel the need to jump on the bunting bandwagon! However, the bunting my daughter made for my birthday changed my mind in a hurry. That's why I decided to produce a little bunting of my own and make a new cosmetic bag! I'm sharing my creation with you in this easy-to-follow tutorial...
2 pieces of muslin (or linen) fabric cut 9.5 inches wide x 8 inches tall
2 pieces of cotton fabric for the lining cut 9.5 inches wide x 8 inches tall
2 pieces of fusible fleece cut 9.5 inches wide x 8 inches tall
about 15 bunting triangles cut from a variety of scrap fabrics
9" zipper
scrap of ribbon for zipper end (optional)
{ 1/4" seam allowance unless otherwise specified. }
Assembling the front:
1.) Start by fusing the fleece onto your muslin pieces with your iron. This will give the cosmetic bag more body and allow the bunting to have a little more dimension!
2.) Sew a line across the top of one of the pieces of muslin -- swooping it from the left side of the fabric to the top (see below). This line will work as a guide for your placement of bunting pieces.
3.) Then attach your bunting triangles by putting the tops of the triangles along the line already sewn and sewing across the top of each piece.
Each one becomes unique depending on the fabric used for the lining and the scrap fabric used for the bunting...
Linked to:
Domestically Speaking Linky Party
Craft Schooling Sunday @ Creative Jewish Mom
Show & Tell Saturday @ Be Different Act Normal
Saturday Night Special @ Funky Junk Interiors
Friday Fun Finds @ kojo designs
Friday Fav Party @ Nap Time Crafters
Frugal Friday @ The Shabby Nest
Summer Fun @ Sassy Sites
Hookin' Up with House of Hepworths
Transformation Thursday @ The Shabby Chic Cottage
Show Off Your Stuff Party @ Fireflies & Jellybeans
20 Below @ Christina's Adventures
Strut Your Stuff @ Somewhat Simple
Anything Related @ All Things Related
Get Your Craft On @ Today's Creative Blog
It's Sew Fun Tuesday @ It's Sew for You
Craft-O-Maniac Monday @ Craft-0-Maniac
Running with Glitter Linky Party
Sisters Sunday Link Party @ Sisters of the Wild West


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Reprising the broad market success of its XTI Series of portable sound amplfiers for live sound and fixed applications. Crown Audio is introducing the next generation XTI6000 that features advanced power performace, improved system reliability, and a new breakthrough user interface for configuration and control in Crown's HiQnet Band Manager.
The Crown XTI Series has earned a formidable reputation in the portable sound market place, leveraging Crown's unparalleled heritage in live sound amplification. The new XTI6000 provides audio professionals with the winning addition of a power amplifier solution to this high value, high performance product line.
"The best just got better with the XTI6000. We've listened carefully to the needs and suggestions of end users and retail partners before we built a compellling new amplifier that packs tremendous punch, performs consistently, and is priced to reach the broadest possible market", stated Andy Flint, Crown marketing manager for portable PA.
The XTI6000 allows for plug and play usability with it's integrated proprietary DSP with LCD front panel making it easy to set crossovers, delay, limiters, and EQ along with the ability to save and recall up to 20 presents.
Continuing the heritage of previous XTI-Series amplifiers the XTI6000 features an LCD screen with speaker presets for crossover frquencies, EQ, limiting, delay, and a subharmonic synthesizer. Additionally, there is a switch-mode universal power supply, useful function indicators, propositional-spped fan-assisted cooling, XLR inputs, Speakon and binding-post outputs, and short-circuit protection. The XTI6000 weighs in at 24Ibs.
Power per channel:
3,000W at 2 ohms; 2,100W at 4 ohms; 1,200W at 8 ohms.


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Have a industry related function going on? A "chat room" schedule that you'd like to announce? Are you a distributor that would like to announce new products or a special sale? Here is your spot on the forum to put yourself in the spotlight.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


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Obama Abuses Russia, Which Does Not Repay in Kind
By Julio Severo
As a tenant who trashes everything when evicted, U.S. President Barack Obama took several offensive actions against Israel and Russia recently, apparently seeking to hit the new White House tenant, President-elect Donald Trump, especially because for Obama, Trump would not have won the U.S. election without Russia's assistance.
Stung by new punishments by the Obama administration — the closing of two Russian compounds and the expelling of 35 Russian diplomats from the U.S. —, Russia did not react in kind and did not expel 35 Americans diplomats. On the contrary, Russian President Vladimir Putin invited the kids of all U.S. diplomats to the Kremlin's New Year's and Christmas parties. In Russia, Christmas happens in January.
Rev. Franklin Graham, son of the evangelist Billy Graham and chosen to pray officially for Trump in his inaugural, said, "Has Russian President Vladimir Putin been reading his Bible? Is he turning the other cheek? I don't know, but I find it interesting that he's not going to retaliate against President Obama whose administration has just ordered 35 Russian diplomats to leave this country and two of their U.S. compounds to close."
Putin's answer was actually praiseworthy, recognized even by Trump, who said, "Great move… I always knew he was very smart!"
Trump's move to side with Putin over Obama has been offensive to the left-wing billionaire George Soros and other socialists.
Soros, who supported Hillary Clinton's candidacy as well as other liberal causes worldwide, says that the rise of Trump and his affinity for Putin threaten the "democratic" model championed by the European Union.
He remarked that Putin helped Trump win the U.S. election by utilizing social media to disseminate fake news stories, and he is moving against it.
He said that the Russian leader is now using the same tactic to advance European right-wing groups and undermine left-wing governments throughout the EU.
Even though Trump seems to side with Putin, there are uncertainties about how he will actually act on Russia once he takes office Jan. 20. Though he's praised Putin as a strong leader and said it would be ideal for the U.S. and Russia to join forces against ISIS, warmongering Republicans, who did not support Trump before the election, have for years argued Obama wasn't tough enough against Russia and the U.S. needs a president to increase pressure on Russia.
"We intend to lead the effort in the new Congress to impose stronger sanctions on Russia," said neocon Republican Sens. John McCain of Arizona and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina.
Enraging these neocon Republicans, Trump has praised Putin and chosen Rex Tillerson for secretary of state and Lt. Gen Michael Flynn for national security adviser. Both are seen as friendly to Russia.
Throughout his campaign, Trump denounced neocons and promised to fight them. Whether he will prevail or not over them will be one of his major tests.
With information from DailyMail and Associated Press.
Portuguese version of this article: Obama abusa da Rússia, que não retribui na mesma moeda
Source: Last Days Watchman
Recommended Reading:
Trump Picks Exxon Mobil's Tillerson as Secretary of State and Faces Fierce Opposition from Neocons from Left and Right


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Production has begun on The Hangover Part III, and the first set photos have leaked online. There's nothing to revelatory here other than Alan (Zach Galifianakis) has decided not to keep his bald-monk look from Part II. In addition to lead actors Ed Helms and Bradley Cooper, the photos also show off the wolf pack's wives, Stephanie (Gillian Vigman), Lauren (Jamie Chung), and Tracy (Sasha Barrese). Presumably, they have many disapproving stares to give.
Hit the jump to check out the images. The film also stars Justin Bartha, Ken Jeong, Heather Graham, Jeffrey Tambor, and John Goodman. The Hangover Part III opens May 24, 2013.
Here's the logline for The Hangover Part III:
This time, there's no wedding. No bachelor party. What could go wrong, right? But when the Wolfpack hits the road, all bets are off.
Click over to BuzzSugar for more images.


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Nicola Monaghan
$0.00 raised
$ target
Thank you for visiting my fundraising page. I'm taking part in this year's Pink Star Walk but I need your help to make a difference. Will you sponsor me? For example, $40 could fund an hour with an experienced breast nurse to support breast cancer patients in their time of need.
If I reach my target of $250, Breast Cancer Foundation NZ will be able to fund two counselling sessions for a woman recovering from or living with breast cancer, or laboratory equipment needed for vital research to improve breast cancer patient survivorship. Of course you don't have to sponsor $40 - any amount will be hugely appreciated and gratefully received.


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Thursday, March 29, 2012
Old Cemeteries Society talk at St. Stephens
As those of you who attended know, the event did happen although it appeared for a short while that it might not.
Heavy rain was forecast (and it did fall in the morning); but that afternoon the skies were clear and blue and it was a beautiful spring day, for the most part.
I will pick up this talk from the paragraph on the last posting: "Life must have been hard for the first settlers, who had to carve a homestead from the wilderness. It was almost ten years before they were well enough established to desire a church for themselves, and a school for their children..."
On February 11, 1862, Scottish settler William Thomson deeded five acres of farmland to Right Reverend George Hills, Bishop of British Columbia, for the purpose of building a church and a school. Interestingly, Thomson was a Presbyterian, but most of the other settlers, including his wife, were Anglican. The only available minister, Reverend Richard Lowe, was also an Anglican minister.
There were no established sawmills at this time (that cut fine boards at least), so the colonists ordered redwood timber from California and hauled it from Fort Victoria to the Mount Newton Valley with a span of oxen.
While the settlers waited for the timber to arrive, they cleared and levelled the land for both church and graveyard. The first three settlers willing to abandon their farming for this heavy work were William Thomson, Duncan Lidgate, and Alexander Caulfield Anderson.
Anderson owned land in North Saanich, though he did not yet reside there.
The building was finished five months after the timber arrived, and the church held its first service and dedication on June 3rd, 1862, with Rev. Richard Lowe officiating. According to historian Bruce McKelvie, the country was so wild and forested that Reverend Lowe had to fight off both bear and panther when he and his wife carried out the load of foodstuffs for the official dedication. (An exaggeration, as I am sure you are aware).
Right Reverend George Hills consecrated the South Saanich church four months later, and reported that, "the church is a pretty structure and well situated. Today it was fairly filled, a considerable addition to the people of the village being made by some sixty friends from Victoria who drove and rode on horseback and in carriages to give the good work a hearty support... Among those present were three Jews, who gave liberally and took a marked interest in the proceedings. This is the first church erected in the rural districts; I trust many more will follow."
One thing is unique about this church -- whenever anyone is in the hall, this church door is left open and anyone can come in to explore the church or to worship. I visited this cemetery many times before I knew that I could also see the inside of the church.
There are now 500 people buried in this old cemetery; the first burials were scattered in the area directly in front of the church entrance -- and that is where we will remain, for the most part. As I have already told you about William Thomson, let us begin at his grave.
WILLIAM THOMSON, d. 11 Aug. 1908, 72 y., MARGARET THOMSON, d. 11 Oct. 1920, 79 y.
William Thomson was born near Dundee, Scotland, in 1829. He apprenticed as a ship's carpenter and, once he got his papers, he left Scotland for adventures in the West. By 1851 he was in San Francisco, California. He took passage north to Vancouver's Island on a small ship called the "William," which was blown off course in rough seas and shipwrecked on the west coast of Vancouver's Island. The drunken captain drowned, but the passengers all reached shore, and the sixteen men who survived the wreck were just broaching the barrel of rum when they were captured by Nitinat Natives and kept as slaves for almost six months. Or so the story goes, though James Douglas' report says the men were actually imprisoned for only a short time before they were brought to the fort and traded for blankets. The fearsome Nitinats were, in fact, their rescuers.
Thomson worked for the Hudson's Bay Company long enough to pay back the cost of the blankets the Company had ransomed him with, and the clothing they had supplied him (he had arrived at the fort almost naked). By July 1855 he had made a profit from his employment at Craigflower Farm. Dairyman Angus McPhail, who also worked at the farm, befriended Thomson and took him over a trail to the Mount Newton Valley, showing him land that he, McPhail, had already purchased from the HBC. William Thomson staked two hundred acres of land next door to McPhail's, and paid the HBC fourteen pounds, thirteen shillings and fourpence for the deed.
So William Thomson was the second settler in Saanich and his residence was along the so far non-existant Mount Newton Cross Road. He built a little house he called Bannockburn, and returned to Fort Victoria to propose to fifteen-year-old Margaret Dyer, step-daughter of DUNCAN LIDGATE (who we will speak of later).
The couple married in 1856, and for a year or so lived in a little house outside Fort Victoria, where their first child was born. Thomson's wife was the first white woman to reside in the Mount Newton valley, and the second Thomson child was the first white child born in Saanich.
Within a few years Thomson had six other close neighbours, amongst them his father-in-law, Duncan Lidgate. Besides farming up to 200 acres of land, William Thomson built many of the original roads in the area and was a diligent community worker, helping to found the Saanich Agricultural Fair and being the driving force behind the building of St. Stephens Church. In 1862, when the church was under construction, Thomson was still a young man -- about 26 years sold. He lived fifty more years in Saanich and died, age 72, in August 1908. His wife Margaret, only 15 when she married him, died at 79 years of age in October 1920. The Thomson house still stands at 1189 Mount Newton Cross Road.
This grave hold two Michell children who died as infants, and other Michell family members who came to Saanich in the early days. The patriarch of the family was THOMAS MICHELL, born in Swansea, Wales, in April 1832. His father was a mechanical engineer by trade, and Thomas apprenticed as a brass-moulder and worked alongside his father and brother in that business. But Thomas, and I believe, other members of his family, came to North America and lived for a few years in Baltimore, Maryland.
From Baltimore, Thomas and his wife, Margaret Jenkins, made their way to the colony of Vancouver's Island, arriving in 1862 when he was thirty years of age. Once in Victoria the couple became the proprietors of the What Cheer House on Yates Street -- a lodging house that stood where the Dominion Hotel stands today. But Michell had come to Victoria to seek his fortune, and in spring 1863 he headed off to the Cariboo gold fields, leaving his wife in Victoria to run the lodging house.
He returned home that fall with enough gold to set up a small grocery store on Johnson Street, and next spring headed off to the Cariboo again. This time, as he was digging a pit for an outhouse, he struck a pocket of gold and returned home that fall, wealthy enough to purchase 125 acres of farmland in Saanich.
He actually purchased his land in 1868, and Margaret Michell served as the local nurse and midwife and always rode side-saddle -- even when she was delivering the farm's butter into Victoria to sell. Over the years Margaret bore sixteen children, only six of whom survived. These are two who did not-- an infant that died in 1876, and baby William who died, one month old, in 1898.
Most of the surviving boys became farmers and were early settlers in North Saanich, and one son, George Thomas Michell, attended his first Saanichton fair as an infant and never missed a year afterward -- he also served as president of the North and South Saanich Agricultural Society.
WILLIAM TURGOOSE, 11 July 1830-22 Jan. 1881
William Turgoose was born July 11, 1830, in Ancaster, Lincolnshire, and he emigrated to Illinois with the ABRAHAM POPE family and others. While he lived there he developed a horse-trading business, and when he crossed the country to California in a covered wagon, he brought his herd along with him. Turgoose arrived in Sacramento -- where he heard of the new gold rush in the Cariboo -- and, selling some of his beloved horses, he headed north to Fort Victoria.
He arrived with four horses, and worked on building the old Esquimalt Road from the Esquimalt Harbour into Victoria. When he had saved enough money he sold the last of his animals and went to the Cariboo gold fields, where he bought an interest in the old Ruby claim on Williams Creek, just west of modern-day Williams Lake.
Two years later he sold out the claim and settled in the Saanich district, purchasing Dr. Henry Tuzo's farm and groves of apple trees. Turgoose's farm consisted of five hundred acres and its northwest corner butted into the intersection of modern-day Mount Newton Road and East Saanich -- its runs south and east of that intersection all the way down to the Michell's farm (which still exists). However, Turgoose did not farm his land, but headed off to England and returned, via Illinois, to marry his sweetheart Emma Pope, daughter of ABRAHAM POPE. Turgoose settled in Saanich in 1865 and bred purebred Morgan horses and shorthorn Durham cattle. He died twenty years later, on January 22nd, 1885.
Saanichton's original name was Turgoose, and it was a rest stop on the old East Saanich Road, about where the Prairie Inn is now. However the original Prairie Inn was not on Turgoose's property, but across the road from it, and the inn was not built by Turgoose but by Henry Simpson -- a man who was probably the most prominent man in the neighbourhood next to Thomson, but who is not buried in this churchyard. (In actual fact, I learned that he was buried here, but I did not find him on the list that I was given.)
ABRAHAM POPE, d. 11 Feb. 1886, 81 years, and SARA, d. 11 Dec. 1878, Native of Lincolnshire
Abraham Pope was born July 8, 1805, in Baston, Lincolnshire. He and his wife, Sara, left England in 1853 with their eight children and three members of the WILLIAM TURGOOSE family and other friends. They were bound for the United States.
The party made the Atlantic crossing to New Orleans in 12 days and took a riverboat north, up the Mississippi to Illinois, where Pope bought property and settled down. About 1874 the senior Popes sold their farm to their son and came north to the Mount Newton Valley, to join their son-in-law WILLIAM TURGOOSE. When this church was under construction in 1862, Abraham Pope was about 57 years old; when he actually arrived in Saanich some years later, he was sixty-nine.
After living for a year or so with his daughter and son-in-law, Abraham Pope purchased 79 acres of land east of the Turgoose farm; their farmland straddled Mount Newton Cross Road and butted up to West Saanich Road. He built a house and a carpenter's shop where he constructed furniture. Four years later, in May 1878, the Pope's celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary. Sara died at age 76 in December of the same year; and Abraham stayed at his place for 5 more years until he finally sold out and moved in with the Turgooses. He died, aged 80, in February 1886.
According to Betty Bell (author of book, "My Fair Land", mentioned in last post), who grew up on Abraham Pope's piece of property in the early 1900's, the land at the junction of West Saanich Road and Mount Newton Cross Road was still known as "Pope's Corner." By the way, after Abraham Pope's death there was some difficulty with a transaction that involved his land, that resulted in years of litigation and a violent quarrel between two South Saanich residents. The argument was settled, after a fashion, when one man shot the other man's entire flock of chickens.
JOHN GREIG, d.1883, Pioneer
John Greig was born about 1825 in Burness, Orkney Islands, and though relatively short at 5'6" was a strong, wiry man with red hair and a fair complexion. He joined the Hudson's Bay Company in 1844 from St. Ola, Shetland Islands. He spent the winter on Hudson's Bay, then was sent across the country to the west side of the Rocky Mountains where he served at Fort Colvile, on the Columbia River north of modern-day Spokane.
In 1849 he wed Margaret Goudie, daughter of the Fort Colvile miller, and Chief Trader ALEXANDER CAULFIELD ANDERSON performed the marriage ceremony. Two years later, Greig and his wife made their way to Fort Victoria, where he purchased 30 acres of land in the Esquimalt District. He was Victoria's first lime-burner; he quarried limestone found in small deposits around Victoria, and burned it in a small kiln, producing lime both for enriching farming soil and for making whitewash.
His lime kiln was located at the end of "Lime Avenue," now Admiral's Road, on the southeast corner of the Esquimalt Indian Reserve. (There is also a Lime Bay near Spinnakers Pub that does not seem to have anything to do with Greig).
In 1862, when the church he would later be buried at was being constructed, John Greig was about 37 years old, but he was nowhere near the Mount Newton Valley. He lived on various pieces of land around Esquimalt and in the area around Four Mile House, some of which he refused to pay taxes on and the government took it back. In 1869 he purchased land on Tod Inlet, on the west side of the Saanich peninsula, and he called his farm Burness after his birthplace. Although he farmed his property, Greig was always known as a lime-burner, and he had purchased that particular piece of land because he knew it had a fine deposit of limestone on it.
Greig was also well known for his fiddle playing -- in Saanich he was in demand at local dances and gatherings, where he probably accompanied FANNY BUTLER's piano. Greig cooked supper for the men he employed to work on his farm and while they ate he gave them a glass of Scotch and played on his fiddle or reminisced about his journey across the country from York Factory to Fort Colvile. There is a story that while he travelled through what later became British Columbia -- possibly over the brigade trail from Fort Colvile to Fort Langley, he saved the lives of his compatriots when they were faced with a supposedly hostile group of Natives, by picking up his fiddle and playing it.
John Greig died at age 67 in October 1892, and his obituary remarked that "British Columbia lost one of those old timers who helped to make her what she is." Margaret Greig died well after her husband, and James Robert Anderson, son of ALEXANDER CAULFIELD ANDERSON, reported on Mrs. Greig's Fort Colvile marriage and her later death in his Memoirs: "Marriage ceremonies which I witnessed at Fort Colvile were performed by my father between two daughters of Goudy, the blacksmith; one, Margaret, to Greig, an employee, and the other, Sara, to George Mackenzie, the miller... Mr. Greig died at the close of 1914, and I attended her funeral -- sixty five years after witnessing her wedding."
Greig's sons sold the farm to the Saanich Lime Company, and eventually the Portland Cement Company, run by Robert Pim Butchart, too it over. As you can guess, John Greig's famland and lime quarry is now the world famous Butchard Gardens.
This gravestone claims that William Batchelor was born in Cheshire in 1832 or thereabouts. He was about thirty years old when the church was constructed, and died on November 7 1887, at age 55. But Batchelor did not live in Saanich-- he lived in Victoria, where he was known as Frederick Reynolds! His story is written up in the book, Feeding the Family: 100 years of Food & Drink in Victoria, by Nancy Oke & Robert Griffin.
The man Victoria society knew as Frederick Reynolds arrived in 1861, and a few years later was famous as Victoria's most colourful butcher. His business was at Yates and Douglas, in the Reynolds Building that still stand there. From Feeding the Family: "Reynolds was able to live the life he enjoyed: facing horses, wearing fine clothes, sporting a valuable gold watch... and pursuing some of the flashy ladies of the town, the same as other men, but not spending a great deal of money on them."
Batchelor/Reynolds had a secret, and it was this: he was a deserter from the United States Army! And in August 1874, his nephew, who knew his secret, arrived in Victoria from England and took over the charge of his uncle's ledgers. However, the Batchelor nephew kept such irregular books that it quickly became clear, to everyone, that he was more than a little dishonest!
From the book: "At this time Reynolds' behaviour became erratic -- he believed people were in his house and that he would be kidnapped and sent to China. He would at times appear naked at his front door. His fears increased, probably because his nephew knew his secret and threatened to reveal it."
The nephew convinced him to sign away all his possessions -- but eventually Reynolds recovered his senses and launched a court case against his nephew. The case fascinated Victoria residents for weeks, and Reynolds -- now known as Batchelor -- finally regained control of his business. He immediately sold the butcher shop and moved out to Saanich, presumably -- and here he is, buried here under one of the prettiest gravestones in the cemetery.
GEORGE STEPHEN BUTLER, d. 7 Oct. 1885, 51 y, 17th Regt., and FANNY BUTLER, 28 April 1841-20 Nov. 1920
George Stephen Butler was born in 1834 in Soberton, Hampshire, England, where he grew up. He attended Oxford University and by 1855 he was a Lieutenant in the 17th Light Infantry and fought in the Crimean War -- a conflict between the Russians and an alliance of the French, British, and Ottoman Empires that took place mostly in the area around the Black Sea.
After the War his regiment was posted to Quebec, but Butler was invalided and listed as a retired officer residing in Porchester, Hampshire, in 1862. At that time he was still a young man, only 27, and I suspect that he had already met the woman he was going to marry. His future wife would be FANNY CATHERINE BRETT.
Fanny was born April 28, 1841, in Portsea, and her father was a grocer and wine merchant who, I believe, died when she was quite young. It is possible that when she met her husband-to-be in England, she was already working as a governess.
In 1862, George Butler was no longer a soldier and had to make a living. Letters of introduction from the Colonial Office in Downing Street, London, indicate that he planned to come to the colony, and asked Governor James Douglas to put him to work. Apparently Douglas had no employment for Butler, and the then 28-year old soldier went up the Fraser River to the Cariboo gold fields, and in the next few years he made enough money to purchase his farm in Saanich.
In 1868 he married Fanny, who he had invited to come out from England. At the time of their marriage, Butler was 35 years old; and he is already actively farming the one hundred and sixty acre piece of land he purchased in the Mount Newton Valley -- though there was no house constructed on the farm yet. He and his new wife lived in the newly built schoolhouse for many years, and Fanny, who had been a governess in England, was schoolmistress of the new school established alongside St. Stephen's Church. (The school would have been located on the far side of the present parking lot and perhaps on the road that runs alongside the church property).
Fanny had been a musician in England, and her family now sent out a piano. Apparently this piano travelled all over the district in a wagon, wherever entertainment was needed-- perhaps she and JOHN GREIG, the fiddler, entertained at all the parties and dances that took place in early Saanich.
George Butler died of consumption at age 51, on October 7th 1885. After her husband's early death, Fanny remained in Saanich where she supported herself by giving piano lessons, and died at age 79 in November 1920. I am told that Fanny's well used piano is still preserved in the museum at the Saanich Pioneers' Society.
George and Fanny Butler's descendants still live here; in the 1940's the sons started Butler Brothers on their old property -- a business that began as a gravel pit but expanded into concrete and aggregate. Butler Bros. is still a very familiar name to anyone who lives in the Victoria area.
John Durrance was born in 1828 in Leicestershire, England. He was 18 when he and his brother, James, came to Fort Victoria. The brothers made a brief journey to California where James remained, but John returned to the Colony. In 1860 he settled on almost 400 acres of land which he named Spring Valley farm; there were no roads to that part of the peninsula, so John first saw the property he wanted to own by rowboat. (His property was south-east of JOHN GREIG's farm).
He cleared fifty acres of land by hand, then acquired a team of oxen and lived in a tent until he could build his house near the corner of what is now Wallace Drive and Durrance Road. Sometime around 1870 he married the widow, Jane Dyke, and their first child was born in 1872.
Jane's first husband was Richard Cheeseman, who came to Fort Victoria as an HBC employee and who eventually constructed the Royal Oak Inn, somewhere in the area we now call Royal Oak. Cheeseman died when his horses bolted and threw him out of the wagon, and Jane oversaw the management of the property for two years, before marrying her second husband in 1864. He died of heart trouble only a few years after the marriage, and Jane then married John Durrance, and she and her five children moved out to Spring Valley farm. Jane died in 1897, aged 50. In 1904 John Durrance was found dead in a well on his property.
John Durrance's son inherited the property after his father's death, and built his new house on the hill behind the first house. The second house still stands at 155 Durrance Road; but the only thing that remains of the senior Durrance's farm (other than the land itself) are the cherry trees planted at the corner of Wallace and Durrance Road.
DUNCAN LIDGATE, d. April 1874, 63 y, Native of Scotland, and HELEN, 1810-1889
Duncan Lidgate, father-in-law of WILLIAM THOMSON, was born on the 26th June 1814 in Pathead, west of Newton Grange and southeast of Edinburgh, Scotland -- though other descendants give me different birthplaces for this man. He married in England but his first wife died after giving birth to their child. In 1844 he married his second wife, Helen Dickson, who already had one child by a previous marriage.
Duncan Lidgate arrived at Fort Victoria in 1852 aboard the Norman Morrison -- one of the HBC's ships -- with his wife and three children including MARGARET DYER, who would eventually marry WILLIAM THOMSON. Lidgate was a skilled artisan who was hired for his abilities -- in the HBC's records he was listed as a "joiner" and millwright. But when the Lidgate family arrived in the Colony, they were disappointed by their reception -- no housing had been constructed for them and they had to live with the other new employees in large rough barns on the Craigflower farm. They were eventually housed, however, and Lidgate worked under Kenneth McKenzie and helped to construct the new grist mill on the farm.
He met WILLIAM THOMSON at Craigflower farm, and in 1853 he followed his son-in-law to be to Mount Newton Valley and cleared a site for his new home at a property now labelled 1459 Mount Newton Cross Road. Lidgate was better educated than the other men who surrounded him, but references in various journals refer to his occasional drunkeness. In fact, Lidgate appears to have gotten into a little trouble at Craigflower Farm when, in May 1856, he and two friends were arrested and thrown in jail for four days, for "shooting into Mr. McKenzie's house."
In Saanich, for the most part, Lidgate settled down to work his 60 acres as a mixed farm. He was active in his community, helping to form the North and South Saanich Agricultural Society and working to build this church. In 1862, when this building was erected, Duncan Lidgate was about 48 years old. He died fifteen years later when he was only 63 years old, in April 1874; his wife, Helen, who had served as midwife through the early years in Saanich, died age 79, in 1889. A cairn in front of their old Mount Newton Road residence, at 1459 Mount Newton Cross Road, honors this couple.
WALTER BIRNIE ANDERSON, d. 1st February 1944
Walter Birnie Anderson, born in 1856 at Cathlamet, Washington Territory, is one of the sons of ALEXANDER CAULFIELD ANDERSON, and the only son to have been buried close to his father in this churchyard. He was young when he arrived in Victoria, and only six years old when this church was under construction.
He married Emily Holloway in 1884, and the first of his children was born in Port Simpson -- presumably outside the fur trade fort that his father, ALEXANDER CAULFIELD ANDERSON, and his grandfather James Birnie, had constructed in the summer of 1834. He might already have been a policeman at Fort Simpson -- he joined the fledgling British Columbia Provincial Police and served mostly in the Comox and Courtenay area, where he daughter Mary Seton Anderson (also buried here) was born.
Walter had quite an exciting career as a policeman -- in 1893 he was called to Savary Island to investigate the murders of Jack Green and Tom Taylor who ran a store on the island. In June 1893, both Michael Manson, Justice of the Peace of Cortes Island (where I grew up), and Constable Walter Anderson were involved in another police chase and exchange of gunfire on Reid Island, where Jack Myers reportedly shot Big Jack O'Connor to death!
By the turn of the century, Walter had retired from the police force and owned the Cumberland newspaper and built houses in the town. He returned to Victoria and purchased or built a house in Oak Bay, on Roslyn Avenue almost immediately behind the shopping centre. Walter and his older, James, used to meet at that house regularly, and Walter's son relayed stories of how the two elderly brothers would laugh as they remembered all the old stories they had grown up with.
Walter is important to Saanich historians in that he wrote about the early history of North Saanich when he lived here with his father. These stories were published in the Colonist newspaper under the heading, "Chronicles of Old North Saanich," and they tell many stories of his early life with his father.
I think that Walter would have been a wonderful man to know, but the family was so disconnected that my mother, who as a child lived only a few miles northwest of the church, never knew she had an uncle Walter. But if you look here, my mother's older sister in buried in Walter's plot. Claire was born three years before my mother was born, and brought home to die.
We are now standing in front of the grave of my great grandfather, ALEXANDER CAULFIELD ANDERSON, and his wife, Betsy. The gravestone says Eliza, but the Birnie family Bible has her name as Betsy and she is also listed in the 1850 Wahkiakum Census as Betsy Anderson. She was a simple country girl, born into the fur trade, and though Anderson gave her a more sophisticated name, suitable for the wife of a fur trade gentleman, it never took.
Betsy was born at the Hudson's Bay Company post of Spokane House in 1822, and at the time this church was constructed, she was forty years old. It is difficult to impossible to tell you any stories about her because few of them were recorded, and that is typical of the fur trade and, perhaps, of early pioneer life as well.
However, her son Walter wrote one or two stories that show what kind of woman Betsy was. Here is one of them, from "Chronicles of Old North Saanich," the Daily Colonist, June 6, 1937: "One of the older [Native] women made a practice of calling every week with fish, cockles, etc., thus keeping us supplied with a welcome change of food. We all got to be quite fond of [her], who in turn seemed to think the world of mother and the rest of us.
"In the course of time the old woman became stricken with partial paralysis and was unable to walk. We all missed her greatly, and she was often visited with bits of old clothing and a little "whiteman's food." One day, about a year after she became bedridden... she crawled up to mother's feet [from the Native village] and made her understand that she had come to her for protection, as she was afraid that her people were going to let her die from starvation... She was fed and made as comfortable as possible... Shortly afterwards some men of the tribe appeared on the scene... A lecture was delivered to the braves and they were strongly enjoined to take all possible care of the old woman. This they promised to do and carried her away, she crying as they did so. We never saw her again, as she died shortly after."
Betsy was able to deliver a lecture to the Native men because she was Native herself. Her probable grandfather was the [French-Canadian or Metis] Joseph Beaulieu who came across the mountains with explorer David Thompson in1807, and her grandmother was Cree. In this very English community she would have been considered an Indian. But when Betsy Anderson died in 1872, the newspaper reported that the service at St. Stephens was attended "by the family and many friends. No recent event has so saddened the people of Saanich as the demise of this estimable wife and mother, and Mr. Anderson and his children have the entire sympathy of the community."
Born in 1814, Alexander Caulfield Anderson was 48 years old when he helped to clear land to build this church. He was a fur trader, and had joined the Hudson's Bay Company in 1831, serving at various posts on the Northwest coast and at Fraser's Lake. He spent many years in charge at Fort Alexandria, on the Fraser River north of modern-day Williams Lake. He is best known for the four explorations he made between Kamloops and Fort Langley in 1846 and 1847 -- what most people today don't realize is that those four explorations resulted in the construction of the new brigade trail over the Coquihalla mountain range that was the first highway from the coast into the interior of what later became British Columbia.
In 1854, Anderson retired from the fur trade and settled on the Columbia River west of Fort Vancouver. He moved north to Fort Victoria in 1858, because of the constant, grating American animus against anyone of British ancestry. But in Victoria he faced the same problem (as did all the fur traders), and he lost his government job in 1859.
Anderson retired to work his farm in North Saanich -- he and five other fur traders had invested in more than 1,600 acres of farmland, and their combined properties stretched all the way across the Peninsula from Union Bay (modern-day Pat Bay) to Tseyum Harbour, more or less along the line of Wain Road.
In the fall of 1861, Anderson brought a herd of 60 cattle north from his father-in-law's property on the Columbia River, and put them out to pasture on the grasslands of his farm. He also continued to run the shipping business that he owned, in partnership with the Lowe brothers, Thomas and John. But the winter of 1861-62 blew in with freezing temperatures that froze the Fraser River to its mouth, and Anderson lost his shipping business to his wealthier American competitors.
The early winter also brought deep snow that buried his North Saanich farmlands until spring, and no farmer in the area was well enough established to have grown hay. Cattle do not forage under snow for feed, and Walter Anderson recorded that "the poor cattle went moaning about the Wintry plains unable to paw any sustenance from under the frozen snow. Willows and other brush was cut to yield a scanty fare, and the end of March found us with a bare dozen of cows out of a herd of about sixty."
So, in the spring of 1862, when this church was being constructed, Anderson was in the middle of a financial crisis of epic proportions. It was about this time he sold his Victoria property and moved to his new house in Saanich, and began to seriously farm his land. In later years, his son, Alexander, did most of the farming and his daughter, Rose, ruled the household with an iron fist -- Walter described her as "fearsome!"
Writing provided another source of potential income for Anderson, and he wrote most of his many manuscripts at his house in Saanich. He also drew his maps there -- there are fourteen Anderson maps in the BC Archives, including some early maps of the Saanich district. A copy of a map that shows all the properties these early settlers farmed is held in the Sidney Museum and Archives.
In 1871, the struggling Colony of British Columbia joined Canada and the Dominion asked for representatives to the House of Commons. Anderson threw his hat into the ring, but one of his competitors was the local brewer -- an affable Irishman named Arthur Bunster. The election took place in Henry Wain's North Saanich roadhouse, with Anderson's 10 year old son, Walter, acting as returning officer. On Election Day, Arthur Bunster distributed free beer outside the voting hall, and Anderson watched as the tide of voters turned against him.
At last, one of his strongest supporters entered the hall to cast his vote for Bunster. Anderson rose to his feet and, looking the man sternly in the eye, said, "And you, too, Mr. Blank." -- Young Walter wrote: "I had never properly grasped the significance of Caesar's dying reproachful question until that moment. Well, the election was over, and Bunster's beer won the day."
For twenty years Anderson led a simple life as a poverty-stricken gentleman farmer in North Saanich, struggling to make a living. He continued to represent his Saanich neighbours in Victoria, arguing for improvements to the roads and better bridges. He was the Dominion representative for the Indian Reserve Commission and the Dominion Fisheries Commissioner, and travelled up and down the coast in that latter position, in particular.
But at last he was forced to sell the last of his farmland and move into Victoria, where he died in May 1884. Anderson's obituary read: "Another pioneer has crossed the dark river and joined the Great Majority on the other side. Alexander Caufield Anderson, who died yesterday afternoon at 3 1/2 o'clock, after a brief illness, was one of the most intellectual and valued pioneer citizens of the province. Born in Calcutta on the 10th of March, 1814, he was consequently in his 71st year at the time of his death."
His children buried him with his wife in this cemetery. In August his son, James, arranged a stone be cut for his parents' grave; almost a year after his father's death he watched as the tall stone marker was placed on the grave.
And so, we have a varied group of people buried in the South Saanich cemetery -- some who came from the fur trade, and some who gained their wealth from gold panning in the Cariboo. Farming proved to be the primary event that occurred in early Saanich, and the majority of the persons who lived here were traditional farmers (I have just learned that we had a tobacco farmer in Saanich, and so not everyone was a traditional farmer!)
For the most part,the one thing that all these early settlers had in common was their church, which some had built with their own hands. It is one hundred and fifty years since this church was constructed, and it is in a fight for its life. The Anglican Diocese of British Columbia is planning to divest itself of ten small Vancouver Island churches, and St. Stephens was one of them. If they go ahead with their plans, St. Stephens could vanish!
However, the congregation of St. Stephens church is determined to prevent this from happening, and so the little church, that brought all these interesting early settlers together, will remain open.
2 comments:
I live in Vancouver and so I am unable to attend your Island events, but I wanted you to know I'm just starting to read your book and am thoroughly enjoying it! The impetus for my interest lies in the "First Brigade Trail" hike near the old Alexandria Lodge: for five years now I have been taking History students on hikes up the trail to Lake Mountain and along the bluffs above Black Canyon as part of our study of geography, First Nations history, the NWC/HBC fur trade in the province, and the Cariboo Gold Rush.ReplyDelete
One question for you: I keep reading about the Douglas Portage - the one that you write about in your book that extends north from Yale around the trecherous section of the Canyon and back to the Fraser near Spuzzum - do we know the exact route of that portage? Is it a trail one could hike today presumably near Mount Lincoln and the Spirit Caves?Replies
I will be speaking in Burnaby in May, in front of the Burnaby Historical Society.Delete
As far as I know, the Douglas Portage is buried under the current highway north from Yale, although bits of it might remain. I have an early drawing of the portage but its hard to determine exactly where it ran. Some historical geographers read my blog postings -- maybe they will have information I don't have???? Michael????


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John McPhee was born in Princeton, New Jersey, and was educated at Princeton University and Cambridge University. His writing career began at Time magazine and led to his long association with The New Yorker, where he has been a staff writer since 1965. Also in 1965, he published his first book, A Sense of Where You Are, with Farrar, Straus and Giroux, and in the years since, he has written nearly 30 books, including Oranges (1967), Coming into the Country (1977), The Control of Nature (1989), The Founding Fish (2002), Uncommon Carriers (2007), and Silk Parachute (2011). Encounters with the Archdruid (1972) and The Curve of Binding Energy (1974) were nominated for National Book Awards in the category of science. McPhee received the Award in Literature from the Academy of Arts and Letters in 1977. In 1999, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Annals of the Former World. He lives in Princeton, New Jersey.
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Son who made up fatal crash story gets 35 to 80 years for murders of father, stepmom in Pa.
BUTLER, Pa. – A New Jersey man has been sentenced to 35 to 80 years in prison for murdering his father and stepmother at their western Pennsylvania home, then claiming they died in a fiery car crash.
Forty-two-year-old Colin Abbott, of Randolph, N.J., was sentenced by a Butler County judge Wednesday. A day earlier he'd entered a surprise no-contest plea to third-degree murder in the June 2011 killings of Kenneth and Celeste Abbott.
Authorities contend Abbott dismembered and burned the bodies then scattered the remains on the family property about 50 miles north of Pittsburgh. He told relatives they were burned beyond recognition in a crash.
Prosecutors say Kenneth Abbott's multimillion-dollar estate drove the killings.
Colin Abbott cried as his attorney told the court he regrets "what he has put his family through."


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From Conservapedia
20/20 is an weekly format American news show on the ABC network. While it does look at news in depth, the producers favor a more human interest approach to the stories on the show. Current anchors in 2008 are John Stossel and Elizabeth Vargas.
It is also the medical descriptor attached to normal eyesight. An abbreviation, its expanded meaning is that an object 20 feet away, in fact appears to be 20 feet away to the patient.


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Today's post is one of those ones that I've thought about writing often, but been happy to shy away from. It's tricky territory. But over the past week, fate intervened: first, in the form of the New York Magazine in my mailbox, which screamed from the cover: Fifty years ago, the pill ushered in a new era of sexual freedom. It might have created a fertility crisis as well. And then, in the form of a headline on one of my Google Alerts, a personal essay by Elaine Gale, called Breaking up with feminism: A heartbreaking loss led to a new and deeper relationship–with the Feminine.
At issue: the not-so pleasant side effect of the power to impose a little control over our reproductive lives: that while we indeed have incredible control to suppress our fertility (while still expressing our sexuality) while we establish ourselves professionally, or financially, or just allow ourselves to get the sowing-of-the-wild-oats out of our systems, well, we don't have control over when our reproductive systems time out.
Just typing that out loud feels like I'm a traitor to the cause. Because, you know, the Pill is a good thing, as I've mentioned before. As Vanessa Grigoriadis writes in the NY Mag piece,
…the Pill, after all, is so much more than just a pill. It's magic, a trick of science that managed in one fell swoop to wipe away centuries of female oppression, overly exhausting baby-making, and just marrying the wrong guy way too early.
True, dat. Quoting Kelli Conlin, president of the National Institute for Reproductive Health, Grigoriadis goes on:
"Today, we operate on a simple premise–that every little girl should be able to grow up to be anything she wants, and she can only do so if she has the ability to chart her own reproductive destiny."
…These days, women's twenties are as free and fabulous as they can be, a time of boundless freedom and experimentation, of easily trying on and discarding identities, careers, partners.
And, you know, why shouldn't we take equal part in that experimentation–a time that's become so fundamental to the American experience, science types are trying to get it distinguished as an entirely new life stage? The Pill gave women power and freedom and equality — and what could possibly be more empowering than that? These very things were the great promises of feminism.
Which brings us to Gale's story:
I loved all the things Feminism whispered to me at night when I couldn't sleep:
"You deserve the world on your own terms."
"I will take care of you and make sure that things are fair."
"You can have it all!"
…Meanwhile, my life had a repeating narrative: professional success, romantic mess. There was Mr. Right Now, Mr. Adorable Slacker, Mr. Too Bland, Mr. Has Potential, Mr. Too Old For Me, and then Mr. Artistic But Unstable.
I always thought that I had plenty of time to get married and crank out some children. Women can do anything they want when they want, right? That's what feminism was always whispering in my ear.
Then, at age 36, she married her husband. She writes:
We decided that we wanted to have a child, although at the time, I partly saw it as another box to check off. After the miscarriage, feminism and I had our falling out.
What's feminism got to do with it? Here's Gale's take:
Feminism was always going on and on about the importance of having choices. But I found that my biological choice to have a child was snatched away from me while I was being liberated.
I had been told that I could have my career first and have children second. That it wasn't either/or. I thought that it was going to be better for us than it was for our mothers. But my mom ended up with a wonderful career as a university professor and had three children.
Confused, I rued the day I fell under feminism's sway. How could I have been so naive? How could I have put off having children so late that I have possibly missed the opportunity to have children at all?
Tough stuff. And props to Gale for that kind of blunt honesty. Back to Grigoriadis:
The fact is that the Pill, while giving women control of their bodies for the first time in history, allowed them to forget about the biological realities of being female until it was, in some cases, too late… Inadvertently, indirectly, infertility has become the Pill's primary side effect.
And ironically, this most basic of women's issues is one that traditional feminism has a very hard time processing–the notion that this freedom might have a cost is thought to be so dangerous it shouldn't be mentioned.
And that, I tend to think, is the real trouble here. Not the cost itself–but the reluctance to admit to it. It seems to me that we're shying away from what may be the biggest challenge for women today: admitting that freedom might–no, does–come with a cost. In the reproductive realm, yes, clearly — but in the larger sense too: We're missing the rather nasty message that every choice entails a trade-off. That we can't have it all.
You read that right, sister. You can't. I can't. No one can. It's an ugly message, so is it any surprise so few of us want to go there?
It's funny, the other night, I was out to dinner with some friends, and one was asking me about the book. And I said something that left him stunned: that when we talk about "choice," we focus on all the options, and the things that we choose. But, by its very definition, making a choice entails not choosing something else. We just like to leave that part out.
And he looked at me with his mouth open for a minute or two, and said, Holy Crap! That's so true, but you're right, no one ever talks about that.
I think we should talk about that. Not least because there's something about talking about stuff that makes even the suckiest of stuff suck a little bit less. Seems like Grigoriadis might agree:
Sexual freedom is a fantastic thing, worth paying a lot for. But it's not anti-feminist to want to be clearer about exactly what is being paid. Anger, regret, repeated miscarriages, the financial strain of assisted reproductive technologies, and the inevitable damage to careers and relationships in one's thirties and forties that all this involve deserve to be weighed and discussed. The next stage in feminism, in fact, may be to come to terms, without guilt trips or defensiveness, with issues like this.
The reluctance to discuss the very real consequences of putting off getting pregnant because we're afraid doing so would somehow discount the very important freedom that comes with being able to put off getting pregnant does us a disservice. Is that freedom of any less value because it comes with trade-offs? When we talk of choices only in terms of what we choose–and never with a nod to our feelings over what we consequently choose to leave behind… well, how empowering is that, really? And when we talk of "having it all" as though all "all" entails is a big bowl of cherries, how are we to feel when we realize that, in aiming to have it all, what we've really wound up with is all of the work?
They're tough questions, and they require tough honesty. Isn't there some kind of pill for that?


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Legally Bought Some Books Abroad? Sell Them In The US And You Could Owe $150k Per Book For Infringement
from the first-sale-insanity deptLast year, we wrote about the Supreme Court's deadlocked tie over whether or not the "first sale doctrine" applies to goods made outside the US in the Omega v. Costco case (Justice Kagan recused herself due to her involvement in the case while she was Solicitor General). Because of that the ruling from the 9th Circuit effectively remains the law. The basic issue is that the US has long had a "first sale" doctrine when it comes to works covered by copyright. The basic idea is that if you buy a book, you can resell it. This is important, because without the first sale doctrine, any time you wanted to resell a product that had any parts covered by copyright, you'd have to go back and involve the copyright holder. That would, of course, strangle commerce in many areas. Imagine having to get permission (and probably pay a cut) every time you wanted to sell a book you had.
While the Omega case involved some additional sneakiness involving Omega figuring out a way to "copyright" a watch (don't ask), we noted at the time that this ruling could have horrifying consequences, such as making anyone who resells a book made outside the US liable for huge damages awards under copyright law.
And, now we have our first case testing that exact theory... and, indeed, the court has ruled that selling a book made outside of the US is copyright infringement and there's no first sale defense. In this case, the bookseller was found guilty of willful infringement, because he was selling textbooks legally bought in Asia in the US, and told to pay $75,000 per infringement (in this case, eight books: $600,000), though it could have been as high as $150,000.
Applying these principles to the facts of this case, we conclude that the District Court correctly decided that Kirtsaeng could not avail himself of the first sale doctrine codified by § 109(a) since all the books in question were manufactured outside of the United States. In sum, we hold that the phrase �lawfully made under this Title� in § 109(a) refers specifically and exclusively to works that are made in territories in which the Copyright Act is law, and not to foreign-manufactured works.The court basically says, hey, that's the law, pointing to the specifics in the statute, as well as the Omega ruling and a previous Supreme Court ruling. And, technically, the court may be right, as the law is drafted in an awkward way (the court says "ambiguous," but it's really just awkward), such that you can (but don't have to) read it to apply only to works first made in the US. But it's hard to see how this is not an insane result that should be fixed by Congress as quickly as possible. In an age when books (and other products) travel over borders all the time, the fact that you could risk $75,000 punishment for selling what you legally bought... is out and out crazy.
Thankfully, at least one judge on the panel felt similarly. Judge Garvan Murtha dissented from the ruling, saying that first sale should apply to works made outside the US. Murtha's argument is that the judges (and other courts perhaps) are misreading the section of Copyright Law that everyone relies on here, the part that says that First Sale applies to works "lawfully made under this title." The argument that has prevailed so far is that a work made outside of the US doesn't get US copyright protection, and thus isn't "lawfully made under this title." Murtha claims that this is a misreading, and since a US copyright holder authorized the production of this work, it was legally made under US copyright law:
The statutory text does not refer to a place of manufacture: It focuses on whether a particular copy was manufactured lawfully under title 17 of the United States Code. 17 U.S.C. § 109(a). The United States law of copyrights is contained in title 17. Accordingly, the lawfulness of the manufacture of a particular copy should be judged by U.S. copyright law. A U.S. copyright owner may make her own copies or authorize another to do so. 17 U.S.C. § 106(1). Thus, regardless of place of manufacture, a copy authorized by the U.S. rightsholder is lawful under U.S. copyright law. Here, Wiley, the U.S. copyright holder, authorized its subsidiary to manufacture the copies abroad, which were purchased and then imported into the United States.Murtha goes all the way back to the original Supreme Court ruling on the First Sale Doctrine, in pointing out that the court first allowed the First Sale Doctrine so as not to restrict trade -- which this new ruling clearly does. Furthermore, Murtha notes the ridiculous results here, in which works made outside the US now have more strict copyright controls inside the US, and that the incentive now is for publishers to make all their books elsewhere:
Economic justifications also support applicability of the first sale doctrine to foreign made copies. Granting a copyright holder unlimited power to control all commercial activities involving copies of her work would create high transaction costs and lead to uncertainty in the secondary market. An owner first would have to determine the origin of the copy -- either domestic or foreign -- before she could sell it. If it were foreign made and the first sale doctrine does not apply to such copies, she would need to receive permission from the copyright holder. Such a result would provide greater copyright protection to copies manufactured abroad than those manufactured domestically: Once a domestic copy has been sold, no matter where the sale occurred, the copyright holder�s right to control its distribution is exhausted. I do not believe Congress intended to provide an incentive for U.S. copyright holders to manufacture copies of their work abroad.Either way this is a mess, and makes it ridiculously dangerous to sell products under the First Sale Doctrine in the US unless you're absolutely sure where the product was first made, and if it's been authorized for sale in the US. It's going to hit hard against libraries especially, who often get books whose provenance isn't entirely known. One would hope that Congress would fix the ridiculously awkward language in the Copyright Act and make it clear that First Sale applies across the board, but since when has Congress ever done anything right with copyright law?
Filed Under: books, copyright, first sale, foreign books


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The Washington Post's Dylan Matthews posted "The saddest graph you'll see today," a graphic from the Enliven Project that provides a shocking overview of our legal system's failure to identify and jail rapists:
Let's highlight some of the most troubling statistics from this graphic, which used information from the Department of Justice's National Crime Victimization Survey and FBI reports:
- Only 0.16 percent of rapists are falsely accused;
- More than 90 percent of rapes aren't reported; and
- Fewer than 1 percent of rapists face jail time as a result of the crime.
Rape was a hot-button political issue in 2012, primarily due to former Senator Todd Akin's inference that a woman couldn't get pregnant in cases of "legitimate rape."
Little of the conversation has involved rape prevention or a discussion on how to strengthen the penal code to provide better legal remedies for victims.
A legal loophole that enabled a California man to get a retrial after he was initially convicted of rape shows that there's plenty of work to be done.


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Professional nail technicians give nails a makeover with a file, shape, and buff before applying a chip-resistant gel polish
Customer Reviews
What You'll Get
Choice of:
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Four Things to Know About Nail-Polish Remover
Before applying a new coat of polish, the nail technician is going to need a clean canvas. Read on to learn what it takes to banish old polish.
1. Nail polish "hardens" through evaporation. Nail polish begins as a chemical mix of a solvent plus various organic polymers. Once the solvent evaporates, the dry polymers band together, resulting in a hardened shell that not even water can breach.
2. Hardened polish has only two natural enemies: chipping and time. To remove polish completely, the best alternative to remover is a tiny mallet and chisel. Otherwise, it takes about four to six months for the nail to grow out naturally.
3. Nail-polish remover is actually just the solvent that dried from the polish. Think of it as the reverse process of painting your nails. Just as the solvent evaporated from the polish when it dried, the remover permeates the hardened huddle of polymers, turning the polish back into a liquid solution that can simply be wiped away.
4. There are two common solvents: acetone and non-acetone. Although acetone has been known to dry out nails and the surrounding skin, it's also the only compound that can remove Shellac and gel polishes. Non-acetone solvents, such as rubbing alcohol, are usually gentler on the skin but may require more effort to use, particularly if the polish contains dark colors, glitter, or shavings from the Hope Diamond. Regardless of which kind of remover you use, you should always moisturize your hands and nails afterward to prevent drying them out.
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A former Columbus man has been charged with selling the U.S. military thousands of counterfeit nuts, bolts and screws in one of several military-parts cases before the U.S. District Court in Columbus.
A former Columbus man has been charged with selling the U.S. military thousands of counterfeit nuts, bolts and screws in one of several military-parts cases before the U.S. District Court in Columbus.
Martin Dale Geyer, owner of Wellworth Fastener Products in Georgia, was indicted by a federal grand jury late last month on seven charges of fraud and false claims. He�s awaiting arraignment.
�The problem is persistent and ongoing,� said Assistant U.S. Attorney J. Michael Marous, who�s prosecuting Geyer. �We have had a continuous flow of these cases for 15 years.�
Geyer, 48, now of Wentworth, Ga., lived in Norwich Township in 2010 when federal agents searched his house as part of the bogus-parts investigation. He ran the company out of that house in northwestern Franklin County.A large number of counterfeit-parts cases are prosecuted in Columbus because contractors are paid through the Defense Finance and Accounting Service office here. The Defense Criminal Investigative Service, which has civilian law-enforcement offices funded by the Department of Defense, investigates contract fraud. Agents in its Columbus office handle local cases.
On Dec. 7, Jerome Rabinowitz of Great Neck, N.Y., was sentenced in Columbus to four years in prison for selling the Navy thousands of nonconforming electronic parts for nuclear equipment. Rather than sending the Navy modern parts that met government specifications, Rabinowitz supplied surplus parts, some of which were decades old.
Penalties for contractors who supply bad parts range from probation to 20 years in prison, depending on the charges. Defendants often are charged with mail fraud because they ship the parts, or with wire fraud because defense payments are wired to them. One of the charges against Rabinowitz involved making false claims because he provided the government with bogus documents that indicated the parts came from a legitimate source when they did not.
Companies across the country bid on military contracts for replacement parts, mostly through an online process. Those with the lowest bids generally are selected to provide the parts.
Online information outlines part specifications, sometimes requiring parts produced by a specific manufacturer. The information also notes whether the parts are �critical application items,� which means their failure could lead to injury or death to members of the military, according to Navy Cmdr. Kevin Cheshure, who testified in the Rabinowitz case.
Some of the nonconforming parts that Geyer is accused of providing were considered critical, according to the indictment against him.
The Defense Acquisition University, which provides training for defense workers in the acquisition field, concludes in a report that �counterfeit products are a pandemic crisis, growing annually.� The training center report says that while the problem is difficult to contain, efforts to control it are increasing, both in the military and in industry.
Edward Hintz, chief counsel for the Defense Logistics Agency Land and Maritime, said that while the overwhelming majority of military contractors are honest, some are unscrupulous.
The agency, formerly known as the Defense Supply Center Columbus, procures parts for the military.
He said about 200 cases a year are investigated for possible fraud, and about 10 a year are turned over for prosecution.
�I think it deters others,� Hintz said. �It points out we�re being vigilant.�
Another defendant that Marous prosecuted is scheduled to be sentenced in federal court in Columbus on Wednesday.
Shane M.S. Sarnac of Morenci, Mich., pleaded guilty in January to selling $3.9 million in bad parts to the military in 2007 and 2008 through his company, Roth Fabricating Inc. The parts included defective seat assemblies used on military vehicles and tanks that represented a safety risk, according to Defense Department engineers.
In court documents, Sarnac�s attorney wrote that his client was inexperienced, overwhelmed and received bad advice from a government-contracting consultant. Sarnac, 49, has signed a plea agreement that would send him to prison for two years and require him to pay restitution of $825,000.
A third contractor recently pleaded guilty in federal court in Columbus to providing bad automotive parts, mostly for Humvees.
Billy Joe Ward, 57, of Lemoyne, Pa., signed a plea agreement setting the restitution he�ll pay at a minimum of $230,846. He�s charged with one count of wire fraud and faces a sentence of as long as 20 years in prison and a fine of as much as $250,000.


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Hi Folks
I'm going to be hitting Banff National Park for a 3 day/2 night trip over the Easter Weekend and was wondering if anyone out there is interested in joining me.
Exact route has yet to be determined but I'm counting on having to use snowshoes despite the fact that daytime highs will be 10 Deg C +. Lows are expected to be just below freezing.
I'm meeting some friends in Calgary at the Crossiron Bass Pro Shop at 1100h (they aren't hangers or backpackers - just meeting up for a brief visit) so I suggest we meet there or at the Banff Visitor Centre around 1300h.
I want to emphasize, I am not interested in high speed travel; I am there to enjoy myself. I don't mind long travel days in tough terrain but I'll average 2km/h in this kind of terrain. I have nothing to prove to myself or anyone else except that I like being out, regardless of weather, with all I need on my back.
Jungle Jim


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Posts Tagged 'high power distance'
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions – Comparing by Cultural Parameters
Gerard (Geert) Hendrik Hofstede (born 3.10.1928) defined a model of 6 cultural dimensions/indices to compare different cultures
Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. (…)
Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. (…)
Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. (…)
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) deals with a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity; it ultimately refers to man's search for Truth. (…)
Later added: Long-Term Orientation (LTO) versus short-term orientation.(…)
and the Indulgence or Restraint Index (IRI).
(retrieved 18.03.2018 at https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geert-hofstede-gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-national-culture/)
Video retrieved 13.08.2018 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBv1wLuY3Ko
See his website at: https://geerthofstede.com or read his essay online here or here.
For a short & handy ppt click here.
Download an introduction to Hofstede`s theories as pdf here.
For practical applications of Hofstede`s model see this page.
For Hofstede`s theories and their application on genetics click here.
Hofstede's Country Classification 25 Years later
Abstract: Nearly 3 decades have been passed since Hofstede (1980) collected the data used to classify countries by their underlying work-related structures. The present study, in which recent data from 9 countries and 4 continents was collected, is a re-examination of his country classifications. The results suggest that many shifts have occurred since Hofstede's study in 1980. These shifts are related to some of the major environmental changes that have occurred.
Discussion: Overall, the findings of the present study suggests that there have been significant shifts in value classifications in some countries since Hofstede conducted his original study. Many of the countries examined in the present study showed a shift in ranking when compared with Hofstede's original data. This finding underscores the fact that, although a nation's work-related values are deep-seated preferences for certain end states. they are subject to change over the years as external environmental changes shape a society. Managers and scientists should use caution before attempting to use work-related values to understand human behaviour in organisations. At the least, managers should make an effort to determine the values currently prevailing and not rely on classifications or labels placed on cultures by researchers.
D. R. Fernandez, D.S. Carlson, L.P. Stepina, J.D. Nicholson at The Journal of Social Psychology, 1997, 43-54
Download the full article as pdf here.
Geert Hofstede interview January 2013 (introducing the IRI – Indulgence or Restraint Index)
(Retrieved at 06.06.2011 at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LBv1wLuY3Ko)
About the practical application of Hofstede's theories read this post: https://laofutze.wordpress.com/2010/01/08/applications-of-hofstedes-theories/
(revised 13.03.2018)
Written by NoToes
09/01/2010 at 12:21
Posted in All Articles, China, Collectivism and Individualism, Communication, Communication in Different Cultures, Comparing Cultures, Cultural Dimensions, Emotions in Different Cultures, Hofstede, Intercultural Economy, Intercultural Management, Surveys, Time in Different Cultures, Tools / Software, Uncertainty Avoidance
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