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Wimbledon 2013: Andy Murray's victory could boost British tennis
Last updated on .From the section Tennis
All too often sporting moments and achievements are given a misplaced historical significance. Not on Sunday.
Andy Murray made genuine history on Wimbledon's Centre Court by winning the men's singles in straight sets against Serb Novak Djokovic to become the first British male champion since Fred Perry in 1936.
Comparisons of this nature are always pretty futile, but as achievements go it ranks alongside England's World Cup triumph in 1966, England's Rugby World Cup victory in 2003 and Sir Bradley Wiggins ending Britain's long wait for a winner of the Tour de France.
But in some ways, Murray's achievement surpasses all those. For Wimbledon to host the greatest tennis tournament in the world for so many years without a winner or even a serious challenger has been a serious embarrassment.
Now Wimbledon, tennis and the country have the champion they have craved for so long.
Sunday was a day to celebrate and to reflect on how Scotland's Murray managed to deliver despite the enormous pressure and expectation on his shoulders.
What made his victory all the more remarkable was that he did it in the middle of this golden era for men's tennis. Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer might have been knocked out early here this year, but Djokovic was still there at the end, the world number one refusing to surrender quietly.
But once the celebrations are done, attention will quickly turn to whether Murray's win can be used to inspire a step change for tennis in this country.
Because, while his victory is everything British tennis has been waiting for, it also tells us nothing about the system which is currently in place. Murray, 26, got to the top not because of the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA) and this country's development programmes but in spite of them.
Murray and his parents opted to take him out of the British system, moving him to a tennis academy in Barcelona to develop his game.
As Murray has continued his relentless drive to the top, so British tennis seems to have gone backwards. Murray, and Laura Robson in the women's singles aside, no other British player got past the first round this year.
Murray highlighted the concerns when he said earlier in the tournament: "There's not too much depth right now, that's pretty clear. I would like there to be more players in the top 100, but it's not the case."
The LTA says the signs at junior level are encouraging: Oliver Golding won the US Open boys' title (as Murray did) in 2011 and Kyle Edmund reached the semi-finals of the Wimbledon boys' championships this year. Two years ago, the British juniors also won the Davis Cup.
These are the green shoots which Murray's victory should now help to nurture.
The other challenge for the LTA is to use Murray's victory to widen the sport's appeal and to shake off its elitist image once and for all.
The organisation's record on participation is pretty poor. Since 2008 the number of adults playing tennis once a week has fallen from 487,500 to 424,300.
As a consequence Sport England reduced the LTA's funding from £24.5m to £17.4m for the four years up to 2017. A further £10.3m will be pulled if the LTA fails to show it is making progress on increasing participation.
Again the LTA says the signs are encouraging. This month alone it says 36,000 people - double last year's number - have registered with its Allplay.com website which matches budding tennis players with local courts to play on.
But Roger Draper, the LTA's outgoing chief executive, admits participation has been his biggest disappointment of his seven years in charge.
All of this is not meant to sound negative at such an overwhelmingly positive time. It's simply to make the point that Andy Murray has given tennis an incredible opportunity. The sport must now do its best to grab it.


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One Year Later
It's been a year since Steve Jobs convinced the world he died even though I know that he's secretly alive and creating a glass and titanium space station where his chosen will be called to join him shortly.
The rest of you, condemned to live out the rest of your life on earth, should try to remember that Steve Jobs never compromised and always lived his life on his own terms. He set out to "put a dent in the universe" and he did it by destroying anyone that got in his way.
That dent, I'm told, is viewable from our new orbital utopia and I can't wait to see it.

subset: commoncrawl


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Adobe® Photoshop® CS5 Performance
Promoting a faster Photoshop experience for all users
Download this article as a PDF (656k)
Users of the current version see: How to tune Photoshop CS6 for peak performance
The depth and spread of tools and features in Adobe Photoshop CS5 and Photoshop CS5 Extended software make the two editions applicable to a variety of work environments and suitable for a wide range of tasks by image-makers of all skill levels, from enthusiasts to professionals. In some environments, Photoshop is employed in a dedicated, standalone fashion, while in others, it is a pivotal part of a larger suite of programs. Making sure that your computer meets the minimum system requirements is an essential first step in ensuring that all features function correctly. Optimizing your Photoshop CS5 setup to suit your work environment and the tasks you regularly perform is the next step. All users will benefit from such optimization, but those who work with video, 3D content, or other large files—or those who process multiple files at once—will see the greatest performance gains. This paper provides guidance on best practices to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance with a combination of careful hardware selection and informed program setup.
What type of Photoshop user are you?
Determining how you typically use Photoshop will help you make more informed decisions about the best ways to optimize your setup. For instance, the photographer who regularly processes high-resolution images will greatly benefit from increasing the amount of system RAM available to Photoshop, whereas the designer who works with 3D models will obtain far better performance by installing a faster video card containing more video RAM. So, itemize the tasks that you regularly perform in Photoshop and then use the recommended setup details contained in this paper as the basis for optimizing your system.
Essential hardware
Computers are built with a variety of components. Each performs a different function, and together they affect the overall performance of Photoshop. The following sections describe system components and the roles they play in the image-editing and enhancement process.
Table of Contents:
64-bit architecture
Memory (RAM)
Storage (hard disk):
Processor (CPU)
Video or graphics card
Screen or Monitor
Key steps to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance:
- Allocate your scratch disk correctly
- Separate the Photoshop scratch disk from operating system virtual memory
- Set the RAM percentage used by Photoshop
- Defragment your drives regularly
- Minimize History States
- Avoid "Out of RAM" errors when running memory-intensive features
- Reduce the number of open files
- Clear all available memory: Purge Undo, Clipboard, or Histories
- Run Photoshop by itself
- Optimize Cache Level and Cache Tile settings
- Reduce patterns and brush tips
- Optimize GPU settings
- Choose the appropriate Photoshop file type
- Set the Maximize File Compatibility option
- Turn off thumbnail display
- Reduce color bit depth
- Deselect Export Clipboard
- Adjust or turn off font preview
- Optimize image files
64-bit architecture
Photoshop CS5 provides 64-bit support on both Mac and Windows® systems. Substantial performance gains can be achieved by switching from running Photoshop in 32 bit to the 64-bit version of the program, especially when working with large or complex files or when processing multiple images at a time. The 64-bit architecture supports management of larger amounts of RAM and better processing of larger amounts of imaging data. Note that to run Photoshop CS5 in 64-bit mode, your hardware and operating system must both be 64-bit compatible.
Microsoft® Windows 7 and Windows Vista® ship in 32-bit or 64-bit versions, and Photoshop CS5 will only work in 64-bit mode when the 64-bit version of Windows 7 is running. You can check which version you are running by viewing the system type information in the System section of Windows Control Panel.
On the Apple platform, however, the Mac OS, Mac OS X, is a 64-bit system and will run both 64- and 32-bit applications on all current hardware. Most computers running Mac OS X start in the 32-bit mode of the operating system by default, even if they have hardware that supports 64 bit. In this situation, Photoshop CS5 will still detect the ability of the hardware to support 64 bit and will run the program in 64-bit mode. This means that users working with Mac OS X in 32-bit mode, but running Photoshop CS5 64 bit, will still be able to take advantage of performance gains resulting from the 64-bit structure and in particular the ability of Photoshop to address larger amounts of RAM.
The easiest way to check which version of Photoshop is running is to view the details on the splash screen that is displayed when the program starts. Next to the version number you will see x64 for 64-bit mode or x32 for 32-bit mode.
If you regularly work with large files, process multilayered Photoshop documents, and/or enhance multiple highresolution raw files, then running the 64-bit version of Photoshop CS5 will increase your productivity. Your computer hardware and operating system must support the 64-bit structure before you can run the program in this mode. Note that Mac users with 64-bit capable hardware but running Mac OS X in 32-bit mode can still run Photoshop CS5 in 64-bit mode.
Pfeiffer* report key findings:
- Photoshop CS5 in 64-bit mode can address substantially more memory than when working in 32-bit mode. This leads to significant productivity gains when working with a system that provides 64-bit support and contains high amounts of RAM.
- Photoshop CS5 on 64-bit Windows 7 opens a 2GB file 15 times faster than Photoshop CS4 on a 32-bit Windows 7 machine.
- Opening and saving files with Photoshop CS5 is up to six times faster on a 64-bit system than on a 32-bit system.
- Processing large files (over 500MB) is significantly faster with Photoshop CS5 on a 64-bit system with memory configurations of 8GB or more.
*Pfeiffer Consulting, For more details, read the full report: "Adobe Photoshop CS5: 64-Bit Performance and Efficiency Measures."
Memory (RAM)
RAM is the short-term memory where Photoshop (and other programs), image data, and various Undo steps and History States are kept during the image-editing and enhancement process. RAM is different from hard-drive or DVD disk memory, as the information stored in RAM is lost when your computer is switched off. For efficient photo editing, the amount of RAM your computer contains is just as important as the overall processing power of your system. In general, more RAM means better Photoshop performance. This is especially true of 64-bit systems, where larger amounts of memory can be addressed and used more efficiently. Keep in mind that Photoshop will be sharing available RAM with the computer's operating system as well as other programs and utilities running at the same time. So not all the RAM installed in the system can be used by or should be allocated to Photoshop. How Photoshop shares the memory is controlled by the settings in the Performance panel of the Preferences dialog box. Refer to the "Key steps to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance" section for details about optimizing the settings in the Preferences dialog box.
The total amount of RAM that can be installed on your system, and used by Photoshop CS5, is determined by the hardware specifications of your computer and your operating system. When Photoshop is running in 32-bit mode, it can only directly access up to approximately 3GB of RAM. On a 64-bit operating system running on a compatible 64-bit architecture with Photoshop CS5 running in 64-bit mode, the program can directly access as much RAM as the computer supports, but for best performance, you should leave room for the operating system and other programs to run.
Note that the performance gains obtained by increasing RAM are more noticeable when adding RAM to a system with a low amount, such as 1GB, and are less dramatic on systems with higher amounts of installed RAM, like 32GB. Also, users who regularly process large files (over 500MB) and/or complex documents with many layers will see greater performance improvements with the addition of extra RAM than those working with smaller, less complex images. For more details about how to determine if your system could benefit from more RAM, read the "Key steps to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance" section.
In general, you should buy as much memory as you can afford and your system can support, since adding more RAM is one of the simplest ways to improve overall Photoshop performance. But remember that only 64-bit systems can effectively address more than 4GB of RAM.
Storage (hard disk)
The hard drive in your computer performs three key functions when processing your image files:
- Provides access to the operating system and programs like Photoshop
- Stores your image files
- Gives extra memory resources (called virtual memory or scratch disks) to Photoshop when processing requirements exceed available RAM
All three tasks are essential for image processing and ensuring that your hard drive is fast; has plenty of spare space; is free from errors; and is regularly defragmented, which will improve performance in all these key areas. For maximum performance, a fast, dedicated drive should be allocated for each of these tasks. A typical setup would include a startup drive for system and program files, a data drive for storing all image and project files, and a scratch disk drive for virtual memory.
Startup Drive
Both Photoshop CS5 and your operating system have minimum requirements for hard-drive free space. For Photoshop, it is 2GB, and for most operating systems, the minimum requirement is 20GB. But keep in mind that these are minimum requirements, and the more free space, the better. Speed is also a factor with this drive, and many high-performance systems now use solid-state drives (SSDs) for startup, as they provide very fast read and write access.
Scratch Disks
When Photoshop needs more memory than that available, it uses a portion of the hard drive as virtual memory or scratch disks. This process allows you to work with large image changes that exceed the capacity of your system RAM. The more hard-drive space available and the faster the drive access speed, the more efficient this process becomes. As a rule of thumb, aim for hard drives with faster disk rotation (usually classified in RPM) and faster read/write speeds. If you have the budget, then take a look at SSDs. Ideally, you should use a dedicated, empty hard drive that is not your startup disk, but if empty drives are not possible, at least make sure that the free space on your scratch disks is not fragmented.
To view or adjust your scratch disk settings, choose Photoshop/Edit > Preferences > Performance and look at the scratch disks area in the middle of the panel. The panel will show you a list of all hard drives attached to your system, and you can arrange both the order in which Photoshop uses them and which drives to use at all. Up to 64EB of scratch disk space is supported on a total of four volumes (an exabyte is equal to 1 billion gigabytes). If you have more than one drive and you want to include your startup drive as part of the scratch disk, be sure it is last in order for maximum efficiency. You should also use hard drives with fast access (read/ write) speeds and as a general rule avoid removable or networked drives, which cause performance lags due to the time required for communication to and from the disks.
Faster drive access can be achieved by using an SSD or by installing multiple drives in a RAID system. RAID setups require two or more disk drives and a special hard drive controller. Many motherboards now have RAID controllers built in, reducing the need to buy and install a separate board. When first creating the RAID setup, Photoshop users should set their scratch disk to operate in RAID level 0. This mode uses two or more drives to provide extra performance by writing information across multiple drives.
How do I know what is the total amount of memory (both RAM and scratch disk space) available to Photoshop during editing operations?
Photoshop displays RAM and scratch disk usage and allocation in the Scratch Sizes section of the status bar. The number on the left represents the amount of memory currently being used by the program to display all open images. The number on the right represents the total amount of RAM available for processing these images.
Data Drive
The speed of your data drive will affect how long it takes to open and save files—faster drives will increase read and write performance in Photoshop. For this reason, many professionals also employ a RAID drive system to store their photos and project files. But keep in mind that with data, it is also important to ensure that the files are secure and regularly backed up. Select a different RAID mode such as level 1, which mirrors the files over the disks, or level 5, which combines performance and security measures. For the best performance, avoid network or external drives due to their relatively slow access times.
For maximum performance, use separate, dedicated physical drives for startup, data, and scratch drives. All drives should be fast and regularly defragmented. Also, when possible, multiple drives set up in a RAID 0 array should be used for your scratch disks and data drives, and an SSD should be used for startup.
Which RAID setting should I use?
- RAID 0: The fastest RAID setup is level 0, but it offers no data protec- tion (if one of the drives goes bad, you lose all the data). This setting is typically used for scratch disks.
- RAID 1: RAID level 1 mirrors your data across multiple drives (if one fails, you still have your data). This option is best for storing your image files.
- RAID 5: RAID level 5 combines the two for faster performance and redundant data storage. This makes RAID 5 a good option for data storage.
Processor (CPU)
CPU chips are the engine of your computer and, as such, determine how quickly many of the features in Photoshop will function. For many years, processor performance was categorized in terms of clock speed. The higher the value, the more powerful the chip, and the better the image-processing performance. But processor speed alone no longer tells the whole story. Some of the best chips for intensive image-editing tasks (filtering in particular) are not those with the highest clock speeds, but rather those with multiple cores and 64-bit architecture support. This is especially true for specific Photoshop processes, like Radial Blur, that have been optimized for multicore hardware. Other functions, such as file opening and closing, are processed with a single core only, so you will not see a performance improvement in these areas. Note also that the greatest performance gain will be experienced by users changing from a single-core setup to a multicore machine. Users migrating from a multicore system to one with even more cores will see an improvement, but not of the same magnitude.
If you regularly process large files; build complex, multilayered Photoshop documents; or work with multiple images at a time, then a multicore 64-bit processor will reduce the time to complete complex enhancement steps.
Video or graphics card
The video card is the essential link between computer and monitor. At the most basic level, this component determines the number of colors and the resolution the screen will display as well as the speed at which images will be refreshed. Increasingly though, Photoshop is taking advantage of the powerful processor contained on these cards (called the graphics processing unit or GPU) to help speed up performance and activate a set of special GPU-accelerated features such as canvas rotation, panning and zooming, Adobe Repoussé, and Adobe Pixel Bender® filters (available for download from labs.adobe.com).
Photoshop CS5 uses the GPU when the installed video card supports the OpenGL standard and has a least 256MB of VRAM (512MB or more is better for 3D work). Most basic models sold by leading computer manufacturers today meet these minimum requirements, but the simplest way to verify is to check the GPU Settings area of the Performance panel. If Photoshop CS5 detects a compatible video card, it will be displayed, and the Enable OpenGL option will be activated. You can view the amount of VRAM present on your video card by referring to the Video Card Memory information displayed in the System Info dialog box (choose Help > System Info in Photoshop). For details about optimizing GPU acceleration in Photoshop CS5, refer to the "Key steps to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance" section.
For best performance, pick a card from the Photoshop CS5 supported video card list (kb2.adobe.com/cps/831/ cpsid_83117.html) that has a fast processor and as much memory (VRAM) as you can afford. If you're working with video files and want to take advantage of GPU acceleration in Adobe Premiere® Pro CS5 software, you should also consult the supported video card list (www.adobe.com/products/premiere/systemreqs) for that program to find an option that suits both Photoshop CS5 and Adobe Premiere Pro CS5 environments.
GPU-accelerated features in Photoshop CS5 Photoshop CS5 harnesses increasing hardware power and speed by introducing new features, like Adobe Repoussé that take advantage of modern video card technology. Other GPU features added in Photoshop CS5 include:
- Scrubby Zoom
- Heads-up display (HUD) color picker
- Color sampling ring
- Brush dynamic size and brush hardness control
- Bristle Brush preview
- Rule of Thirds crop grid overlay
- 3D overlays (including ground plane, light guides, and bounding boxes for mesh and materials)
GPU-accelerated features in Bridge CS5 include:
- Preview panel
- Full-screen preview
- Review mode
Screen or Monitor
The role the monitor plays as a preview mechanism cannot be understated. In addition to enabling a fully color-managed Photoshop workflow from capture to output, the quality of your monitor and its regular calibration are essential to ensure the accurate representation of your images on screen. Both Windows and Mac systems ship with software-based display calibration utilities designed to neutralize color casts and standardize contrast and brightness. For more accurate calibration, use a combined hardware and software solution that measures the colors and tones on screen and then creates a custom profile for your monitor.
The minimum pixel dimensions for monitors is 1024×768 pixels, with 1280×800 pixels recommended. But displays with higher dimensions will allow more efficient arrangement of the Photoshop application framework (for example, panels, menu, and toolbar). You may also benefit from spreading the Photoshop workspace over more than one screen, which provides the option to work with images on one screen and panels on another.
The range of tones and colors that can be displayed by your system is determined by the abilities of both the video card and the monitor. The minimum specification for color depth is 16–bit color, but most video card and monitor combinations exceed this recommendation by using a 24–bit color system. This equates to an 8–bits- per-channel pathway for red, green, and blue channels from card to monitor, which is more than enough for most users, as it is possible to display up to 16.7 million colors. But Photoshop is capable of working with higher bit rates when supported by higher-bit-rate-capable cards and monitors. Employing a video card and monitor combination capable of 10 bits per channel increases the display palette to a possible 1.07 billion colors, making it suitable for color-conscious professional photographers who want to see smoother gradations of tones and colors. More details about activating high-bit display mode, currently available only to Windows 7 users, can be found in the "Key steps to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance" section.
Always employ a fully color managed and calibrated system. If you are working with high-resolution or complex images, consider employing a multimonitor display system, but make sure that the video card you use is capable of supporting a multimonitor setup. Windows users who want the ultimate in color and tonal rendition can opt for a card and monitor setup that supports 10-bits-per-channel display. Look for display port connections when searching for cards and monitors that support high-bit display.
Key steps to optimize Photoshop CS5 performance
Knowing which hardware works best for your work environment is just part of the performance story. To ensure that your carefully selected hardware works to its full potential, optimize Photoshop and fine-tune your operating system. And if you're unable to change hardware, use the following guidelines to adjust Photoshop and your operating system preferences to realize performance gains without added expense.
1. Allocate your scratch disk correctly
To set your scratch disk, choose Edit > Preferences > Performance (Windows) or Photoshop > Preferences > Performance (Mac). Then, in the Scratch Disk section of the panel, select the drive that has the most free space—preferably not your system or startup drive. If you have other drives listed, you can also allocate these as extra scratch drives. Photoshop will use the drive listed first until it is full and then move to the next drive if even more memory is needed. You can change the order in which the drives will be used by selecting a drive and then using the Up or Down Arrow keys to change its position in the list. Place your system or startup drive in last position. The performance of systems whose Efficiency result (see boxout below for details) regularly falls below 95% when conducting simple operations will be improved by the correct allocation of fast scratch disks or the addition of extra RAM.
2. Separate the Photoshop scratch disk from operating system virtual memory
As most operating systems employ a virtual memory system similar to the one in Photoshop, it is recommended that scratch disks be positioned on a different drive than the one your computer uses for its virtual memory system. In general, the operating system's virtual memory, or swap file, is stored on the startup or system drive. To help with overall Photoshop and Windows/Mac performance, ensure that you don't position the scratch disk on the same drive.
How do I know if my system could benefit from more RAM?
Photoshop contains a simple built-in monitor that can help you determine how efficiently the RAM in your system is being used to process your photos. To test the current memory settings, select the Efficiency setting from the pop-up menu of the Status Bar at the bottom of the document window (or the Info palette), and then perform a series of standard editing actions in Photoshop. If only RAM memory is being used during these editing steps, then the Efficiency result displayed will be 100%.
The value actually represents the percentage of time spent performing the operation instead of reading or writing data to the scratch disk. If the value falls below 100%, Photoshop is using the scratch disk in place of RAM and is therefore operating more slowly than if more memory were available. Regular occurrences of values below 95% means that you need to allocate more RAM to Photoshop, close programs running at the same time as Photoshop, or install more RAM memory.
3. Set the RAM percentage used by Photoshop
Photoshop shares the RAM on your computer with the operating system (Windows or Mac OS X) and any other programs running at the same time. The percentage designated in the Memory Usage section of the Preferences Performance panel determines the upper amount of RAM memory that can be used by Photoshop. Most new users push this setting as high as possible, some as much as 90%, thinking that this will speed up the processing of their files. But if this allocation is set too high, both the operating system and Photoshop may need to move information from the fast RAM memory to the slower hard-drive memory while processing. This action is called "page swapping," as the data is moved back and forth between the different memory spaces, and it causes Photoshop to run more slowly.
When adjusting the amount of memory allotted to Photoshop in the Performance panel, it's best to keep within the ideal range displayed. Check the Efficiency value on the Status Bar to test whether the settings currently being used are optimal. If you do choose to adjust the Memory Usage settings, change them by no more than 5% at a time, and then restart Photoshop and test the new settings before changing them again.
Remember that with Photoshop CS5 running in 32-bit mode, the program can only directly access up to 2.1GB of RAM for Mac or 3GB for Windows—even if more is installed. In contrast, on 64-bit systems with compatible 64-bit hardware, Photoshop CS5 can directly access as much RAM as is installed on your system.
4. Defragment your drives regularly
As images and files are saved and resaved to disk, they tend to become fragmented. This means that rather than the whole file being saved in one continuous space on the hard drive, the information is broken into bits and stored in several locations (wherever there is empty disk space). When the file is reopened, the document is reconstructed from each of the individual pieces. This file fragmentation slows down the opening and saving of files, as well as the running of programs such as Photoshop, if they were fragmented when initially installed. The efficiency of scratch disks is also degraded if the space used for virtual memory is fragmented. You can achieve real performance gains by regularly defragmenting the drives you use for scratch disks, image storage, and application loading.
Both Windows and Mac operating systems have defragmentation utilities built in. Consult your computer's Help files to ensure that utilities are activated and, if need be, perform a manual defragmentation of all drives to ensure their continued performance.
5. Minimize History States
The ability to jump backward and forward through the editing steps stored in the History panel in Photoshop is a very useful feature. Photoshop implements this feature by storing additional copies, called History States, of the image on your hard drive.
A full copy at the original size is stored for every operation you perform that affects the entire image. Smaller changes, like individual paint strokes, require less information per state. The more editing you do, the more hard-drive space will be used for the History States of the document. The History States setting in the Performance panel is set to a default of 20 but can be adjusted from 1 to 1,000, depending on the amount of scratch disk space available and the complexity of your normal image-editing work. If you find that Photoshop is running slowly after you've made a few editing changes, then try reducing the number of states. Fewer History States does mean less opportunity to reverse editing changes, but this action frees up memory resources and can bring new life back to a slow-running machine.
6. Avoid "Out of RAM" errors when running memory-intensive features
Some Photoshop features, such as Content-Aware Scaling, 3D, and Liquify and filters such as the Distort filters are more memory-intensive than others. If when you're working with these features, Photoshop starts to respond slowly, doesn't respond, or returns "Out of Memory" or "Out of RAM" errors, then increase the amount of RAM and scratch disk space and close any other programs running at the same time as Photoshop. If the problem persists, then switch to a 64–bit system with more available RAM and scratch disk space.
7. Reduce the number of open files
The more pictures you have open in Photoshop, the more resources your machine is using just to maintain each open file. To speed up processing, make sure that you open (and keep open) only files that are essential for your current editing task.
8. Clear all available memory: Purge Undo, Clipboard, or Histories
The Edit > Purge command can be used to free up RAM space that is being used to store Undo, Clipboard, and Histories entries. Since this command cannot be undone, it should be your last resort when you need to eliminate an "Out of RAM" error during a memory-intensive task.
9. Run Photoshop by itself
Use the Edit > Purge command to remove information currently being stored in memory.
A simple way to speed up Photoshop is to make sure that no other programs or utilities are running at the same time. After closing unnecessary programs, use your operating system tools to determine which utilities are still running hidden in the background. The golden rule is that if the program or utility is not essential for the editing task, then close the software.
This is especially true if you are using features that rely heavily on the GPU (mainly 3D). Having another application that also relies on the GPU and VRAM open while using these GPU features in Photoshop CS5 will significantly degrade overall performance.
10. Optimize Cache Level and Cache Tile settings
Whenever you make a change to an image onscreen, your computer must redraw the image. The larger the image, the more processing power and time required. To make screen redrawing as fast as possible, Photoshop CS5 uses caching to continuously update a lower resolution version as you work. The default setting is four cache levels, but if you routinely work with images that have large pixel dimensions, you can improve redrawing performance by setting the level higher. Conversely, if you typically work with small-dimension images that contain many layers, you may want to set Cache Level to a level of two. As the cache is also used for other operations, such as the Healing Brush, it is not recommended to set a value of one as this will turn off caching completely, reducing performance in these allied areas.
When Photoshop processes a photo, it splits the picture into smaller image sections called tiles, and it works on each in turn. By default, the size of each tile is 128Kb. You can alter the amount of memory allocated for the processing of each tile via the options in the Cache Tile Size pull-down menu in the Performance panel. Larger tile sizes reduce the amount of time Photoshop takes to process an image, especially on computers with more than 1GB of RAM.
You'll notice improvements in the speed with which images are drawn to screen when both Cache Level and Cache Tile settings are optimized. To help with accurately setting values, the History & Cache section of the Performance panel in the Preferences dialog box now contains three buttons to help match settings with your work environment. The values set by these buttons will vary depending on the amount of RAM and number of processors in your computer. Click the option that best fits your workflow to set both Level and Tile settings.
- Tall and Thin—Best for users working with images with smaller document dimensions and many editing and enhancement layers.
- Default—Designed for general use when a user will be working with a variety of document types. This is the default setting.
- Big and Flat—Works well with large images and few editing or enhancement layers.
11. Reduce patterns and brush tips
Each custom pattern and brush tip you load increases the overall RAM required to run Photoshop CS5, increasing the scratch disk size in the process. If you load up all the patterns and brush tips that ship with Photoshop CS5, your scratch disk file will grow by hundreds of megabytes. To reduce the total RAM used, minimize the number of patterns and brush tips and reduce the number of patterns used in Layer Styles that use Bevel and Emboss Texture or Pattern Overlay.
12. Optimize GPU settings
With the increasing ability of Photoshop to use of the video card GPU for extra processing power, the Preferences dialog box now includes dedicated GPU settings in both its Performance and 3D sections.
If a suitable video card is installed on your system, it will appear in the GPU Settings area of the Performance section. To enable GPU acceleration, make sure that the Enable OpenGL Drawing option is selected. To fine-tune the card's performance, click the Advanced Settings button and select Basic, Normal, or Advanced, matching the option with your requirements.
- Basic—Uses the least amount of GPU memory to run the most basic OpenGL features when sharing the GPU with other applications or when experiencing slow responsiveness. Select this option if you have other programs running that also use the GPU or if you notice bad screen redraws or slower performance when using GPU-accelerated features.
- Normal—Is the default setting. It uses a large amount of GPU memory to support advanced OpenGL features and should be selected if you regularly use the GPU-accelerated features in Photoshop.
- Advanced—Uses the same amount of memory as the Normal mode, but enables more advanced features to improve drawing performance. This setting is best when working in 3D or when working extensively with the GPU-accelerated features in Photoshop CS5
Keep in mind that mode changes will only take effect after Photoshop is restarted.
The 3D section of the Performances dialog box contains a VRAM slider similar to the memory control located in the Performance section. Use the slider to determine the upper limit of VRAM available to the Photoshop 3D engine. The total value is a percentage of the overall VRAM available. A setting of 100% will still reserve a portion of the overall VRAM for use with the operating system. Higher values will help with overall 3D performance but may compete with other GPU-enabled applications.
13. Choose the appropriate Photoshop file type
The slider in the 3D section of the Preferences dialog box adjusts the amount of VRAM available to Photoshop.
The file type you choose will determine both the functions and features that can be saved with the file as well as the maximum size. PSD and PSB files maintain the most functionality but at the cost of file size, especially if the Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility option is selected. The maximum image sizes possible in standard Photoshop CS5 documents are as follows:
- PSD (Photoshop)—2GB
- PSB (Large Document Format)—4EB (Four exabytes equals 4 million terabytes, which is orders of magnitude larger than available hard-drive storage space, but the format has been built to accommodate future innovation.)
- TIFF—4GB (Note that most other applications cannot work with TIFF images larger than 2GB.)
- Photoshop PDF—10GB (Individual pages are limited to 200×200 inches.)
14. Set the Maximize File Compatibility option
Photoshop CS5 is the 12th version of the software and includes many changes, additions, and enhancements since its initial release. In addition, today many other software applications are capable of opening Photoshop PSD documents, such as Adobe After Effects® CS5 and Adobe Photoshop Lightroom® 3 software. To help ensure that earlier versions of Photoshop or other applications such as Photoshop Lightroom can open your saved files, Photoshop CS5 by default stores a flattened copy of the image within the PSD or PSB document when it is saved. The advantage of this feature is backwards compatibility with Photoshop itself and better integration with other applications, but the tradeoff is larger file sizes and slower opening and saving of documents. By default, Photoshop CS5 will ask if you want to maintain compatibility whenever you save a PSD or PSB file, but this behavior can be adjusted by choosing Photoshop/Edit > Preferences > File Handling. In the File Compatibility section, you can use the menu labeled Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility to set Photoshop to either always or never save this extra flattened image within the file.
15. Turn off thumbnail display
Some of the panels in Photoshop CS5 display preview thumbnails of content, such as the Layers, Channels, and Paths panels. As you edit an image, these thumbnails are dynamically updated to reflect the new content. The more layers or paths in a document, the more thumbnails need to be built, drawn, and updated, each requiring system resources. To free up the resources allocated to this task, open the panel menu and choose Panel Options and then select None to turn off thumbnail display.
16. Reduce color bit depth
In Photoshop CS5, the number of functions that can be performed on 16- and 32-bit images has been increased. However, these images require considerably more processing power and hard-drive space than standard 8-bit images. For images destined for output to standard devices or the web, you can use the Image > Mode menu to lower the bit depth to 8 bit for maximum performance. The exception to this general rule is when you are working with 3D images, as the Ray Tracer engine renders at 32-bit color depth. So if you are working with 3D, start with a 32-bit file with a resolution of 72ppi, and when it comes time to output the finished document, use the tone mapping features in Photoshop to reduce the bit depth to 16 or 8 bits.
17. Deselect Export Clipboard
Whenever you exit Photoshop CS5, anything you have cut or copied is placed on the operating system clipboard. The benefit of this feature is that the content is then available to paste into another application, but exporting the image to the clipboard is time-consuming and processor- intensive. If you don't require or use the system clipboard to copy and paste between Photoshop and other applications, you can turn off this function by deselecting Export Clipboard in the Options area under Photoshop/Edit > Preferences > General. Note that dragging layers or entire images between documents bypasses the clipboard entirely and is more efficient, even if Export Clipboard is enabled.
18. Adjust or turn off font preview
Each active font on your computer requires system resources. Photoshop CS5 also uses resources to draw previews of each font in the font and style menus in the Character panel and in the Options bar when a Type tool is enabled. To maximize performance, use font management software to activate only the fonts that you need. In addition, you can adjust the size of the font menu previews, or turn off previews, by choosing Photoshop/Edit > Preferences > Type. Under Font Preview Size, use the menu to adjust the size of the previews, or deselect the option to turn them off altogether.
19. Optimize image files
Many factors impact the size of your Photoshop CS5 image files, including resolution and pixel dimensions; color depth and mode; number and complexity of layers, channels, and paths; number of Smart Objects; and more. Very large files take longer to open, and they redraw more slowly as you work with them. They also require much more hard-drive space for storage. Ways to optimize image files include:
- Minimize file dimensions—Resize the image to the desired size for output rather than working with a very large image and resizing it downward at the end of editing.
- Minimize complexity—Merge layers that no longer need to be kept separate, and eliminate channels and paths that are no longer needed. Note that this includes blank layers, which also use significant disk space.
- Choose RGB over CMYK—If your images are going to the web rather than offset printing, use the RGB color model. With one less color channel to save and maintain, an RGB image is 25% smaller than an equivalent CMYK image.
- Minimize print resolution—Keep your image to the optimal minimum size for the output device, ranging from 72dpi for screen display to 600dpi for high-quality laser printing. Never use a resolution higher than the printing device is capable of outputting.
- Start with low-resolution 3D files and resize to suit—When working with 3D content, start with smaller, low-resolution documents such as those generally used for the web. The smaller size will provide better and more responsive performance when manipulating and editing the 3D content. As the 3D components are vector-based imagery, the completed image can be resized nondestructively to a different resolution.
Additional Information
Optimize performance | Photoshop CS4, CS5
How to set up a great Photoshop machine


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The second annual March Madness Comedy Competition kicked off last night at The Famous International Variety Show at Drinker's West. Moving on to the second round of the competition are: David Ray Ageykum, Josh Guarino, David Primiano, Rachel Bensen, Erik Whitacre, John Deal, David Terruso, Mike Logan. The first round continues tonight at Laughs on Fairmount (The Urban Saloon, 2120 Fairmount Ave. Philadelphia).
Last Friday at The Sideshow this year's Troika competition kicked off with a show pitting The Mother Truckers (Jessica Snow, Mandy Dollar, Sue Taney) against Rogue (Alan Williams, Corin Wells, Mike Butler) and WKKM Channel 17 Action News (Karen Coleman, Katherine Banford, Maureen Costello). The Mother Truckers emerged victorious moving on to compete for the 2012 Troika championship. Round two of Troika this Friday at The Sideshow will feature Operators Standing By (Bert Archer, Michael Hochman, Steve Cohen) 3/9 (Alli Soowal, BJ Ellis, Katie Monaco) and 3AM (Jason Stockdale, Maggy Keegan, Rob Baniewicz)
This Wednesday brings a pair of great independent comedy shows for you to enjoy. Camp Wood Plus returns to L'etage (624 S. 6th St.) and will feature Camp Woods along with Animosity Pierre and Pink Axe. Doogie Horner's Ministry of Secret Jokes takes its' usual spot at Fergie's Pub (1214 Sansom St.) and promises more of the same comedy, games, and ritual.
This Thursday at L'etage Comedian Deconstruction's March Madness will feature improv groups Grimacchio and Nielsen performing sets based off the stand-up of Sidney Gantt and Pat Barker.
This Friday marks the premiere of a new regular show from Philly Improv Theater House Team Mayor Karen upstairs at Plays and Players Theater (1714 Delancey St.). The show will feature James Hesky, Medic and music from Friends with Murder. The show will cost $10 and proceeds will go to a Mayor Karen festival travel fund.


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Track List for Madonna's 2012 Album Supposedly Leaked
Even though the person responsible for leaking one of her songs has been arrested, that hasn't stopped or deterred Madonna fans from leaking supposed more info about her new album.
Pink is the New Blog unearthed a leaked track listing from a Tumblr site that doesn't look to be official in any sort of capacity.
The posting has since been deleted — no shock there — and the image of the listing looked a little too "homemade" for our taste. Both the Live Nation and Interscope logos look Photoshopped onto the image. However, there is a lot of information and song titles that made us wonder if someone would go that far to make it all up and start a "hoax." You never know!
The posting also claimed that the new album is called 'Luv.'
Below is the purported track listing for Madge's much-buzzed about next album, due out in 2012.
1. 'Trust'
2. 'Dangerous Faith'
3. 'Sitting on the Whole World'
4. 'Turn Up the Radio'
5. 'Waving with the Crowd'
6. 'Suspended to the Light'
7. 'Gimme All Your Luvin"
8. 'Crossed Fingers'
9. 'Birthday Song'
10. 'Reason & Passion'
11. 'Masterpiece'
12. 'Solar Salvation'
13. 'The Darkness Void'
14. 'Revelation'
Madonna's latest studio effort has been subjected to more leaks than we can keep track of. No wonder the Material Girl is so testy when leaks happen. Guess we'll have to wait and see what's true and what's false when the album is actually released!


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Greenfield woman speaks about being first victim in deadly crime spree
Woman attacked two days prior to fatal shooting
A Greenfield woman believes she could have been the first victim in a crime spree that left one man dead at a south side Family Dollar Store last month.
"As soon as he pointed that gun at me, that's all I could see, it was a big revolver," the woman, who wants to remain unidentified, said.
The young woman said she was walking home from work late near the Walmart in Greenfield and heard a man quickly approach her.
"He smacked me on the side of the head with the big gun and I was like, 'Whoa,' and he grabs the bag with my phone and runs in the opposite direction," the woman said.
The young woman told 12 News after she was attacked, she realized she was alone with no phone or car.
She said she was bleeding from the head and tried to wave several cars down. No one would stop until finally a woman pulled over and drove her to the Greenfield Police Department.
Two days later, prosecutors said the alleged attacker, Jason Wandick, walked into a Family Dollar Store and shot and killed the assistant manager, Bill Melendez.
The woman helped police identify Wandick in a line up. She wishes she could have helped sooner before Melendez lost his life.
"My prayers are with them and that's just horrible that there are people out there who think they can just take things from other people and not get out there and earn it themselves like the rest of us," the woman said.


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Product 2/4
Member Price: $18 each or 3 for $45
Non-Member Price: $20 each or 3 for $47
Please note that there is a $3.75 convenience fee on all orders. All items are shipped first-class or Priority Mail to the school, unless overnight or second-day shipping is selected.
This product was added to our catalog on Wednesday 05 July, 2017.


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June 7, 2013
A bipartisan group of senators is calling on the Environmental Protection Agency to answer for leaking the personal data of about 80,000 farmers and ranchers to left-wing environmental groups.
"The EPA's disclosure of personal information is not the first time sensitive data has been leaked to outside organizations under the Obama administration," said South Dakota Republican Sen. John Thune.
Thune joined a bipartisan group of senators in sending a letter to acting EPA administrator Bob Perciasepe, asking the agency to answer for its actions.
Our 4th of July Super Sale has been extended! Get double Patriot Points and free shipping on the hottest items!


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Google Drive Offers 5GB Free Storage and Google Docs Integration
Google Drive Offers 5GB Free Storage and Google Docs Integration
After six years of rumors and speculation, Google finally launched its cloud storage service, Google Drive. It comes with 5GB free storage and is available on Windows, Mac and Android. The iPhone and iPad app will be coming soon.
Google Drive one-ups the competition with its ability to open over 30 different file formats on the browser including HD video, Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, even if the respective programs are not installed on the computer. The closest competitor in this aspect is Microsoft SkyDrive, which allows you to open and edit Office documents via Office Web Apps without the need for Office to be installed on your computer.
The integration with Google Docs enables you to work with others in real-time on documents, spreadsheets and presentations. In addition, you can add and reply to comments on shared content, and receive notifications whenever other people make comments.
Besides searching for content by keyword, file type and owner, Google Drive also utilizes Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Technology to recognize text in scanned documents.
If 5GB is not sufficient for your needs, you can purchase extra storage space. For example, a 25GB account will cost US$2.49 per month while a 100GB account will set you back US$4.99 per month. Other storage plans and their pricing are available here.
Although the Google Drive website has gone live, the service is still not available for some users. Nevertheless, you can sign up for the service first and be notified via email when your Google Drive is ready. Meanwhile, you can head over to the Google Drive website to find out more about its features. You also can download the Google Drive app from Google Play.
Source: Google Official Blog via The Verge


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Home-style chicken curry
A rustic and authentic quick Indian one-pot packed with tonnes of hot Asian spices and fragrant coriander
Nutrition and extra info
- Freezable
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal382
- fat17.7g
- saturates3g
- carbs10.7g
- sugars7.4g
- fibre2.1g
- protein46.8g
- salt0.8g
- 1 large onion
Onions are endlessly versatile and an essential ingredient in countless recipes. Native to Asia…
- 6 garlic cloves, roughly chopped
- 50g ginger, roughly chopped
Mainly grown in Jamaica, Africa, India, China and Australia, ginger is the root of the plant. It…
- 4 tbsp vegetable oil
- 2 tsp cumin seeds
- 1 tsp fennel seeds
Fennel seedsfeh-nell seeds
A dried seed that comes from the fennel herb, fennel seeds look like cumin seeds, only greener,…
- 5cm cinnamon stick
- 1 tsp chilli flakes
- 1 tsp garam masala
Garam masalagar-am mah-sarl-ah
Meaning 'warming spice mix', garam masala is the main spice blend used in North Indian…
- 1 tsp turmeric
Turmeric is a fragrant, bright golden-yellow root that is most commonly seen and used dried and…
- 1 tsp caster sugar
- 400g can chopped tomatoes
- 8 chicken thighs, skinned, boneless (about 800g)
- 250ml hot chicken stock
- 2 tbsp chopped coriander
Roughly chop 1 large onion, transfer to a small food processor, and add 3 tbsp of water - process to a slack paste. You could use a stick blender for this or coarsely grate the onion into a bowl – there's no need to add any water if you are grating the onion. Tip into a small bowl and leave on one side.
Put 6 roughly chopped garlic cloves and 50g roughly chopped ginger into the same food processor and add 4 tbsp water – process until smooth and spoon into another small bowl. Alternatively, crush the garlic to a paste with a knife or garlic press and finely grate the ginger.
Heat 4 tbsp vegetable oil in a wok or sturdy pan set over a medium heat.
Combine 2 tsp cumin seeds and 1 tsp fennel seeds with a 5cm cinnamon stick and 1 tsp chilli flakes and add to the pan in one go. Swirl everything around for about 30 secs until the spices release a fragrant aroma.
Add the onion paste – it will splutter in the beginning. Fry until the water evaporates and the onions turn a lovely dark golden - this should take about 7-8 mins.
Add the garlic and ginger paste and cook for another 2 mins – stirring all the time.
Stir in 1 tsp garam masala, 1 tsp turmeric, and 1 tsp caster sugar and continue cooking for 20 secs before tipping in a 400g can chopped tomatoes.
Continue cooking on a medium heat for about 10 mins without a lid until the tomatoes reduce and darken.
Cut 8 skinless, boneless chicken thighs into 3cm chunks and add to the pan once the tomatoes have thickened to a paste.
Cook for 5 mins to coat the chicken in the masala and seal in the juices, and then pour over 250ml hot chicken stock.
Simmer for 8-10 mins without a lid until the chicken is tender and the masala lightly thickened – you might need to add an extra ladleful of stock or water if the curry needs it.
Sprinkle with 2 tbsp chopped coriander and serve with Indian flatbreads or fluffy basmati rice and a pot of yogurt on the side.
Recipe Tip
Save timeAdding a dash of water while blitzing the onion, garlic and ginger saves on chopping time and helps thicken the masala as it cooks.


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Morning Five: 06.17.11 EditionPosted by nvr1983 on June 17th, 2011
- Earlier this year Washington's Venoy Overton was involved in a salacious case where he was accused of statutory rape before local police decided not to pursue the case further. Now it appears that Overton has found himself in trouble again as he was arrested yesterday afternoon for promoting prostitution. According to police reports, an 18 year-old female was questioned for "prostitution activity" and told police that her boyfriend, Overton, brought her there and told her to engage in prostitution. According to the female, Overton gave her specific instructions on what acts to perform, what to charge, and what percentage he took. Lorenzo Romar, who took quite a bit of heat this season after letting Overton return to the Huskies after his prior run-in with law, issued the following statement: "I have been informed of the arrest of Venoy Overton and I am extremely disappointed. My staff and I spent an extraordinary amount of time and energy attempting to mentor Venoy prior to his recent graduation, so this news is especially troubling." Overton, who graduated on Saturday with a degree in American Ethnic studies, is expected to appear before a judge today.
- The guys at Lost Letterman caught up with former prep star Lenny Cooke recently. For those of you who not aware Cooke was one of the premier high school players in the country in the Class of 2002 and considered by many to be at the same level as two more well-known players in his class–Amar'e Stoudamire and Carmelo Anthony. Through a series of bad decisions and unfortunate events Cooke never played a minute in college or the NBA. Today, Cooke's legacy will probably come from the 2001 ABCD Camp where Cooke, a rising senior, was matched up against a hyped rising junior named LeBron James in what was supposed to be a match-up for the ages. Unfortunately for Cooke, LeBron, who was already demonstrating his knack for coming up big in big moments (wait, what?), destroyed Cooke on both ends of the floor to start the LeBron hype machine going full force while Cooke began his rapid fall.
- It appears that Virginia coach Tony Bennett may almost be ready to turn the Cavalier program around with a solid group of recruits. Virginia, which had been one of the better programs in the ACC during the 1990s, has only made the NCAA Tournament once in the past decade. After a 7-9 record in an admittedly weak year for the ACC, Bennett could have the Cavaliers primed to be a sleeper in the conference and could challenge the second tier of teams (the ones not named Duke or UNC) in the very near future.
- Earlier this week we linked to a column by Dana O'Neil talking about the difficult jobs of college basketball assistant coaches. Yesterday, Ohio State's Brandon Miller, considered by many to be one of the top assistant coaches in college basketball, stepped down citing a need to spend more time with his family. Although it isn't an ideal time to try to find a new assistant coach with the summer recruiting season about to heat up, the Buckeyes recruiting should not suffer too much as Thad Matta already has two experienced assistants in Jeff Boals and Dave Dickerson and could potentially promote newly hired video coordinator Greg Paulus to take Miller's place.
- When Oliver Purnell took over at DePaul last year it was widely considered one of the tougher rebuilding projects in America, but had some potential with the ability to recruit local Chicago high school players. While Purnell did have some success in his first year (winning the school's first Big East game after a 24-game losing streak and its first road conference win since 2008) it was a very difficult year again for the Blue Demons. Things may get even tougher for Purnell as he will have to replace both Devin Hill and Eric Wallace who have decided to leave the program with Hill leaving for Loyola and Wallace leaving for Ohio State.


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SmartFilter System
The new Jacuzzi SmartFilter System delivers the ultimate in pure water. Two 60 sq. ft. filters drive the system. The SmartFilter for the 24-hour circulation pump has an ingenious design for adding sanitizers; simply twist open the filter cap, insert the SmartCartridge for use with bromine tablets or the ProClear mineral purifier dispenser, and lock into place.


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The current Carnival of Genealogy topic is the New Millennium. Where was I at the start of the 21st Century?
The 21st Century has long been revered as the epoch in which all technical aspirations would be achieved, all poverty ended, and the mysteries of the universe solved, once and for all. Well, time marches on, and it doesn't look much different from here than it did from several decades ago, except that everyone has more electronic toys at their beck and command. I'm not sure our lives are getting any easier, though.
But, they are ultimately more enjoyable! On New Year's Eve, 1999, I was at my mountain pass home trying to get some respite from long winter commutes to Seattle. My husband and I were reviewing slides from the trip of a lifetime we had taken in September of that year. We were gone so long that our poor dog nearly died from loneliness...
After coming into some insurance money, I decided I wanted to visit Europe for the first time. Rick Steves of Europe Through the Back Door became my hero. Following a year of planning, in September 1999, John and I flew into Copenhagen, and then drove through parts of Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and took the train to Prague in the Czech Republic. The experience just blew me away, and changed my life in many ways. After coming back home, I put my mental house in order and dropped out of grad school, deciding instead to focus on the things that were of real importance to me. I didn't need an extra degree for that!
During our travels, we enjoyed the Rhine from both castle ruins above the river, and from aboard a cruise boat; we walked the ancient wall in the quaint medieval German town of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. We also drove the Romantic Road, which has signs in Japanese, as well as in German, and we later found out just what our rented VW Golf could do on the Autobahn - not bad, even though two Lamborghinis flashed past us like we were children playing in the dirt.
In Switzerland, we explored Roman ruins in Avenches, and later enjoyed fondue on the terrace of an old pension in Gimmelwald, high above the Lauterbrunnen Valley in the Berner Oberland. Our "modest" dining view was of the Jungfrau, Monch, and Eiger peaks at dusk. As I sipped local wine, I heard the lonely, far-off call of a train from across the valley. Looking way down, I spotted a single headlight winding its way near the base of the Jungfrau. When our fondue pot arrived, the hostess warned us with a smile: "If you forget to stir ze fondue at ze bottom of ze pot to keep it from burning, then you vill vash ze pot!"
A panorama of Gimmewald in the Berner Oberland, Switzerland
Ah, the Alps! The Berner Oberland is a slice of heaven, and we were fortunate enough to have clear weather during our entire stay. Walking the winding paths of Gimmelwald under the stars, local house cats, all looking alike, came out to greet us. Early the next morning, we took the Jungfraubahn (train) up to the Jungfraujoch, known as the Top of Europe, and on the ride back at noon we were the only passengers. From the Kleine Scheidegg station on down, my husband rode up front with the conductor, who proudly pointed out his house with his own laundry hanging in the yard, as the train passed by. I had the entire Oberland: its peaks, glacial moraines, sloping valleys, trails, hikers, and cows, all to myself from the passenger car behind...
If I could pick just one city to re-visit in Europe, it would be Prague, the City of a Hundred Spires. If you want to know Prague, listen to "Die Moldau," a symphonic poem by Smetana, and you will understand and feel his love for Bohemia. If you want to get close to old gothic Europe, get thee to Prague.
The Old Town Square in Prague
Discover Czech
So, on 12/31/1999, while a new Millennium rang in on the clock, my husband and I sat clinking our glasses in private, listening to the occasional "pop-pop" of illegal fireworks in the national forest outside our door. We were busy reliving the many details of our three and a half weeks spent in Europe that September.
I certainly don't want to wait until the next Millennium to plan a similar trip. If we are all adequate caretakers of our lovely earth and its diversity, the fulfillment and learning to be had by traveling among other cultures will still be available to us throughout this century of great promise.
Bonne joyeaux!
Tuesday, December 11, 2007
Traveling on the Cusp of a New Millennium
Posted by Chery Kinnick at 6:52 AM
Labels: Carnival of Genealogy, Millennium, travel
4 comments:
- Janice said...
What a lovely story, and amazing photographs. Thank you for sharing your wonderful memories.
- December 13, 2007
- Chery Kinnick said...
Thanks for your comment, Janice. It was a wonderful trip. I doubt I could get that same "wowee-zowie" factor again, although I did take another great trip to Switzerland a few years later. I'd love to show my own photos, but they are all packed away right now.
- December 13, 2007
- Charley "Apple" Grabowski said...
I love to travel. Hopefully someday I'll be able to take such an amazing trip. Thanks for some inspiration.
- December 18, 2007
- Chery Kinnick said...
Hi Apple -
Traveling is an amazing experience! And, there's nothing like that very first trip abroad. I hope you start planning right now!
- December 26, 2007
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Drug information provided by: IBM Micromedex
Urea C 14 is a radiopharmaceutical. It is used to diagnose stomach ulcers caused by a certain kind of bacteria known as Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori.
This agent is taken by mouth. If any H. pylori bacteria are present in the stomach, they will cause the urea C 14 to be broken down into radioactive carbon dioxide gas. When you breathe out by the mouth, the amount of radioactive carbon dioxide can be measured to see whether the bacteria are in your stomach.
This agent is a radioactive agent. However, with the small amounts in the capsule that is used for the test, the radiation your body receives is very low and is considered safe.
This agent is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of a doctor with specialized training in nuclear medicine.
This product is available in the following dosage forms:
In deciding to use a diagnostic test, any risks of the test must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. Also, other things may affect test results. For this test, the following should be considered:
Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.
The amount of radiation in this agent is very low and considered safe for children. However, be sure you have discussed with your doctor the benefit versus the risk of exposing your child to radiation.
There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.
Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this diagnostic test. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:
The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
There are usually no special precautions to observe for radiopharmaceuticals when they are used in small amounts for diagnosis.
Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. This agent does not usually cause any side effects. However, if you notice any unusual effects, check with your doctor.
Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2020
Original article: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/14c-urea-oral-route/description/drg-20066608
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I have great news for you guys this morning- I'm giving away a new baby carrier from Pognae! When I got the email about Pognae baby carriers, I was (very briefly) sad to not have a baby around so that I could try out this carrier for myself. It looks so comfortable and easy to use. And I love the designs! This company is new to the US, but has been used and loved by parents in Europe and Asia for some time now. Here's a bit about these carriers, from the Pognae website:
The Pognae Baby Carrier is crafted with the same high-quality materials and care you expect from other top-tier baby carrier brands. With its ergonomic design, breathable air mesh shoulder straps, patented mesh cooling vent and shock-resistant support belt, the Pognae Baby Carrier is the most comfortable baby carrier you and your baby will ever wear.
Pognae's patented mesh cooling vent helps you and your baby stay dry and comfortable on warm days. Unzipping the outerlayer lets fresh air flow in through the mesh lining. Conveniently stow the outer layer fabric underneath the vent with the velcro attachments. With a Pognae Baby Carrier, uncomfortable babies are a distant memory.
The attachable headrest with matching style comes standard with every Pognae Baby Carrier. Made with 100% pure cotton fabric, the headrest provides extra padding so that your baby can rest with ease.
Putting your baby in a wrap or carrier can be difficult to do by yourself. The Pognae Baby Carrier's easily adjustable chest strap makes strapping your baby in a piece of cake. The chest strap can be shortened lengthwise and can be adjusted up or down to ensure you're wearing your carrier in the most comfortable position. The ends of the straps are designed to be easily tucked in, so you'll never have to worry about loose straps flapping around.
Mandatory entry (must be done for extra entries to count):
Visit the Pognae website and let me know which design you like best.
Extra entries (must be done for mandatory entry to count):
6. "Like" Pognae USA on Facebook
Giveaway will close at 9 PM Pacific time on October 6, 2011. I'll choose a winner with random.org and will email that person who will then have 48 hours to respond. Good luck!
Disclosure: I received no product and no compensation for this post, just the opportunity to give a baby carrier away to one of you.


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I seem to have a problem with the headers and the footers, only the ones controlled via the admin.cgi. The ones used in the subscribers.cgi work fine. For example:
When I modify the headers and footers in the subscribers.cgi, all of the pages show propperly with the header at the top and the footers at the bottom in all of the subscribers.cgi admin pages.
When I modify the headers and footers in the admin.cgi, all of the text generated such as "The email address is invalid. Make sure you have inlcuded the @ and the domain." or "You have been subscribed to the list" show up above the header.
I am using the exact same coding for both headers and footers.
Thank you for your time and assistance.


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WWF Online Privacy Policy
We may change this privacy policy from time to time by updating this posting.
Please check this page periodically for changes. Your continued use of this site following the posting of changes to this policy will mean you accept those changes.
- WWF does not collect any personal information about users, except that which is knowingly and specifically supplied to us by the user.
- WWF is committed to ensuring the privacy of your personal information.
- We will not sell or pass on your information to any other organization outside of WWF unless you specifically and expressly give us permission to do so.
- We always give you the option to unsubscribe from our mailing lists.
- If you are under 18 years old, we suggest that you ask your parents or guardian before signing up on this site.
Data Privacy
- What information do we collect?
- Where is the information held?
- Information from under 18s.
- Your right to access the information.
- External links
1. What information do we collect?
a) Personal information...
...such as name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, and date of birth (where appropriate). We collect this information only in connection with specific activities, such as membership, campaigns, feedback, surveys, email newsletter subscriptions, etc. You don't have to disclose any of this information if you do not wish to.
b) Non-personal information...
WWF collects data such as IP address (the location of the computer on the internet), pages accessed and files downloaded. This helps us to determine how many individuals use our site, how many people visit on a regular basis, which pages are most popular, and which pages are least popular. This information doesn't tell us anything about who you are, it simply allows us to monitor and improve our service.
2. Where will the information be held?
Personal information submitted through the forms on this site is held only in a WWF database. We promise that WWF will not share the information you give to us on this website with any other organization outside of WWF unless you have specifically given us permission to do so.
3. Information from under 18s.
If you are under 18, be sure to obtain your parent's or guardian's permission before you send any information about yourself (your name, address, e-mail address, etc.) to us or anyone else over the internet. We encourage parents to get involved with their children's use of the internet and to be aware of the activities in which they are participating.
4. Your right to access the information
At any time, you can ask us for a copy of the personal information that we hold about you or request a correction or deletion of information.
There are links on this web site that take you to other web sites outside of our service. Any links provided to third party web sites outside of this site are provided solely for your convenience. The operation and content of such third party web sites is beyond our control, and we do not endorse in any manner whatsoever or accept any responsibility for the content or other material that may be contained on such web sites, the use of such web sites, or any products or services advertised on or sold through any such web sites. We will not be liable under any circumstances for any damages whatsoever, direct or indirect, resulting from any use of this web site or any other third party web site linked to this web site, whether or not we are advised of the possibility of such damages.
If you have any questions about our privacy policy, please contact us.
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September 2007
Helping students adjust to new schools
Students transferring from one school to another often need assistance in adjusting to a new environment, and districts have pursued various ways to provide additional support to transferring students and to the schools that receive them.
Using a receiving schools coordinator. To help students transferring to various schools via public school choice and other choice options, districts might consider employing a receiving schools coordinator whose responsibilities could include meeting regularly with individual transfer students to discuss their progress, and organizing or facilitating meetings of these students and their parents to discuss issues or concerns in making the transition to a new school.
Receiving schools coordinators could also survey receiving schools as to how they help transfer students acclimate to their new school environment, and could make recommendations to the schools or provide additional support or assistance as needed.
Using mentors. Districts might also consider working directly with individual transfer schools to assign mentors to students new to the school as a result of public school choice and other choice options. Mentors could provide individualized assistance, including academic assistance as necessary. Mentoring roles could be performed by classroom teachers, support staff, or others at the school.


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ORLANDO, Fla. – Nutritionists say there is a new way to beat the blues, by altering the foods you eat.
"If you look at how we are now compared to 50-60 years ago, overall we are pretty stressed out," said nutritionist Kim Olson.
Olson said they are natural ways to attack stress, by first analyzing how much you sleep. Less sleep means more stress, according to Olson.
"Melatonin is known as the sleep hormones and it helps regulate our sleep cycles and one of the richest forms of it is cherries," said Olson.
Olson recommends buying cherries or you can get it as a drink called "Relax Me."
When you're stressed out, you tend to reach for comfort foods or filling the sugar craving.
"My favorite herb for that in the whole world is saffron," Olson said. "Saffron is wonderful for sugar cravings. They've done research on it, it helps with depression too."
Olson said saffron is a flower and helps with snacking between meals. Olson suggests looking at your pantry and replacing what you're eating now with more healthy options and superfoods.
"If you start incorporating more superfoods naturally you're going to stop some of not so good things for you," Olson said. "You start doing that I'm telling you within weeks your sleep, energy, your skin, overall well-being will totally increase."
Olson said goji berries are called "happy berries" that can boost your mood, mind and memory.
"Goji berries are known as happy berries," said Olson. "I take them all the time, I love goji berries.
You can find out more on Kim's blog.


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I have a lot of time at work when slow to think about fragrances and why I wear them. Or why you wear them. Mainly, I wonder why we have so, so many. I am speaking about a lot of us here on basenotes. Our bottle counts are huge. It is so strange. I am going to babble on maybe why I do. Feel free to join in.
I used to think I just liked them. I just bought them on whims and whenever I felt like it. I didn't know people did not usually do that. One bottle was enough for them. Their
Was in the forum. Thought I could save it here so I can find it easier.
Each day over the course of roughly 2 weeks, I would do several surveys with customers and associates. I would spray approximately 8 blotters cards all with different fragrances. It would usually be by brand. If there were more than 8, I would spray the entire line. If it were fewer, I would spray multiple brands per test. I would also do no more than 3 surveys per day at several hours apart. This was to limit
And today, we have another great mod interview, as well as our first female! Get ready.. for Ipp!
Retired, caring for a parent, a bunch of rescue dogs and an increasingly wayward garden. Also seek out unusual stones to make necklaces & things from in quiet times.
Have reached a wonderful stage in life where my daughter has grown up safely and is a lovely, happy person.
Did you want to be a mod?
.Being fairly housebound, it seemed like
Hey again. I am going to interview me. I am doing this for future interviews, so I can show a few different lines of thought to answer questions, and free up how much they can articulate. Again, thanks for reading, and let me know any improvements you may think of!
Why do these Interviews?
So many of these questions are asked constantly in the forums. Since the search tool is clearly always broken, this may be a way to quick reference some of the FAQs.
I also tried
This week, the Man himself, Grant Osborne. The founder of Basenotes
Job outside of BN?
My job outside of Basenotes is being a dad (Im a single parent to my two children for half of the week)
Moment you decided to start the site?
There used the be a site called The Cologne Guy that had seemingly shut down a few years before. I was just getting into fragrance as I had a job selling the stuff in a UK department store and thought I could create something
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30 Years Live | Black Vinyl
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Bad Religion – 30 Years Live LP (Black)
30 Years Live is the 2nd live album from Bad Religion, which was originally released in May 2010, therein documenting the band's 30th anniversary House of Blues tour. This release was initially offered only as a free "thank you" to loyal fans for a limited time via digital download through the official Bad Religion mailing list. This classic live event will be pressed for the first time on vinyl.
Track Listing:
Side A
- Fuck Armageddon, This is Hell
- Dearly Beloved
- Suffer
- Man With A Mission
- New Dark Ages
- Germs of Perfection
- Marked
- A Walk
Side B
- Flat Earth Society
- Resist Stance
- American Jesus
- Social Suicide
- Atheist Peace
- Tomorrow
- Won't Somebody
- Los Angeles Is Burning