text:
Doubt will lead to one of two inevitable consequences. Faithful doubt leads to a deeper embrace of the truth, with doubt serving to point us into a deeper knowledge, trust, and understanding of the truth. Pernicious doubt leads to unfaithfulness, unbelief, skepticism, cynicism, and despair. Christians who are struggling with doubt, need to seek help from the faithful, not the faithless. ~Dr. Albert Mohler
The British nineteenth-century poet Lord Tennyson made this point rather nicely in his poem The Ancient Sage:
For nothing worthy proving can be proven,
Nor yet disproven; wherefore thou be wise,
Cleave ever to the sunnier side of doubt.
"Doubt is turning your back on the Word of God and listening to satan instead." ~Eric Ludy
Doubt and the Vain Search for Certainty
Posted on June 22, 2006 by Alister E . McGrath
Taken from Doubting by Alister McGrath, a forthcoming title from InterVarsity Press. Copyright (c) 2006 by Alister McGrath. Used with permission of InterVarsity Press, PO Box 1400, Downers Grove, IL 60515. www.ivpress.com.
Deep within all of us lies a longing for absolute security, to be able to know with absolute certainty. We feel that we should be absolutely sure of everything that we believe. Surely, we feel, we ought to be able to prove everything that we believe.
Yet absolute certainty is actually reserved for a very small class of beliefs. What sort of beliefs? Well, for example, things that are self-evident or capable of being logically demonstrated by propositions. Christianity does not concern logical propositions or self-evident truths (such as "2 + 2 = 4," or "the whole is greater than the part"). Both of these are certainly true. We may be able to know such truths with absolute certainty—but what is their relevance to life? Realizing that "the whole is greater than the part" isn't going to turn your life inside out! Knowing that two and two equal four isn't going to tell you anything much about the meaning of life. It won't excite you. Frankly, the sort of things that you can know with absolute certainty are actually not that important.
The things in life that really matter cannot be proven with certainty—whether they are ethical values (such as respect for human life), social attitudes (such as democracy) or religious beliefs (such as Christianity). "There is no philosopher in the world so great but he believes a million things on the faith of other people and accepts a great many more truths than he demonstrates," wrote Alexis de Tocqueville. Richard Rorty, probably the greatest American philosopher of the twentieth century, makes this point well, when he points out that "if anyone really believed that the worth of a theory depends on its philosophical grounding, then indeed they would be dubious about physics, or democracy, until relativism in respect to philosophical theories had been overcome. Fortunately, almost nobody believes anything of the sort." His point? That we can commit ourselves to the great worldviews of our time without having to wait for absolute proof—a proof which, by the very nature of things, is never going to happen.
The British nineteenth-century poet Lord Tennyson made this point rather nicely in his poem The Ancient Sage:
For nothing worthy proving can be proven,
Nor yet disproven; wherefore thou be wise,
Cleave ever to the sunnier side of doubt.
The beliefs which are really important in life concern such things as whether there is a God and what he is like, or the mystery of human nature and destiny. These—and a whole host of other important beliefs—have two basic features. In the first place, they are relevant to life. They matter, in that they affect the way in which we think, live, hope and act. In the second place, they cannot be proved (or disproved) with total certainty. By their very nature, they make claims that cannot be proved with certainty. At best, we may hope to know them as probably true. There will always be an element of doubt in any statement which goes beyond the world of logic and self-evident propositions. Christianity shares this situation. It is not unique in this respect: an atheist or Marxist is confronted with precisely the same dilemma, as we well see in the next chapter. Anyone who wants to talk about the meaning of life has to make statements which rest on faith, not absolute certainty. Anyway, God isn't a proposition—he's a person!
We cannot see God; we cannot touch him; we cannot demand that he give a public demonstration of his existence or character. We know of God only through faith. Yet the human mind wants more. "Give us a sign! Prove it!" It is an age-old problem. Those who heard Jesus' teaching wanted a sign (Matthew 12:38)—something which would confirm his authority, which would convince them beyond any doubt.
To believe in God demands an act of faith—as does the decision not to believe in him. Neither is based upon absolute certainty, nor can they be. To accept Jesus demands a leap of faith—but so does the decision to reject him. To accept Christianity demands faith—and so does the decision to reject it. Both rest upon faith, in that nobody can prove with absolute certainty that Jesus is the Son of God, the risen saviour of humanity—just as nobody can prove with absolute certainty that he is not. The decision, whatever it may be, rests upon faith. There is an element of doubt in each case. Every attitude to Jesus—except the decision not to have any attitude at all!—rests upon faith, not certainty. Faith is not belief without proof, but trust without reservations—a trust in a God who has shown himself worthy of that trust. To use a Trinitarian framework: God the Father makes those promises; God the Son confirms them in his words and deeds; and the Holy Spirit reassures us of their reliability, and seals those promises within our heart.
These points are reflected in the American writer Sheldon Vanauken's account of his mental wrestling before his conversion at Oxford. He found himself caught in a dilemma over the role of proof in faith, which many others have experienced.
There is a gap between the probable and the proved. How was I to cross it? If I were to stake my whole life on the risen Christ, I wanted proof. I wanted certainty. I wanted to see him eat a bit of fish. I wanted letters of fire across the sky. I got none of these … It was a question of whether I was to accept him—or reject him. My God! There was a gap behind me as well! Perhaps the leap to acceptance was a horrifying gamble—but what of the leap to rejection? There might be no certainty that Christ was God—but, by God, there was no certainty that he was not. This was not to be borne. I could not reject Jesus. There was only one thing to do once I had seen the gap behind me. I turned away from it, and flung myself over the gap towards Jesus.
There is indeed a leap of faith involved in Christianity—but it is not an irrational leap into the dark. The Christian experience is that of being caught safely by a loving and living God, whose arms await us as we leap. Martin Luther put this rather well: "Faith is a free surrender and a joyous wager on the unseen, untried and unknown goodness of God."
All outlooks on life, all theories of the meaning of human existence, rest upon faith, in that they cannot be proved with absolute certainty. But this doesn't mean that they're all equally probable or plausible! Let's take three theories of the significance of Jesus to illustrate this point.
1. We have been redeemed from sin by the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
2. Jesus and his disciples were actually the advance guard of a Martian invasion force, who mistook earth for the planet Venus on account of a navigation error.
3. Jesus was not really a person, but was really a hallucinogenic mushroom.
Although none of these can be proved or disproved with absolute certainty, it will be obvious that they cannot all be taken with quite the same degree of seriousness!
Let's be quite clear: Nobody can prove Christianity with total certainty. But that's not really a problem. The big questions concern the reliability of its historical foundations, its internal consistency, its rationality, its power to convert, and its relevance to human existence. As C. S. Lewis stressed in Mere Christianity, Christianity has exceptionally fine credentials on all counts. Look into them. You can totally commit yourself to the gospel in full confidence, as a powerful, credible and profoundly satisfying answer to the mystery of human existence. Faith is basically the resolve to live our lives on the assumption that certain things are true and trustworthy, in the confident assurance that they are true and trustworthy, and that one day we shall know with absolute certainty that they are true and trustworthy.
A superficial faith is a vulnerable faith
Superficiality is a curse of our age. The demand for instant satisfaction leads to superficial personal relationships and a superficial Christian faith. Many students discover Christianity for the first time while at college or university. This discovery very often happens alongside other important events like leaving the parental home, falling in love, or gaining independence of thought and action. As a result, initial emphasis very often falls on the emotional and experiential aspects of Christianity. There is nothing wrong with this! Christianity has abundant resources for those who wish to place emphasis on the role of experience in the life of faith. But there is more to faith than that.
Faith has three main elements. In the first place, it is trust in God. It is a confidence in the trustworthiness, fidelity and reliability of God. It is about rejoicing in his presence and power, being open to his prompting and guidance through prayer, and experiencing the motivation and comfort of the Holy Spirit. It is a deep sense of longing to be close to God, of wanting to praise his name, of being aware of his presence. In many ways, this aspect of Christian faith is like being in love with someone: you want to be with them, enjoying their presence and feeling secure with them. It concerns the heart, rather than the head; it is emotional, rather than intellectual. It is the powerhouse of Christian life, keeping us going through the difficult times and exciting us during the good times.
The difficulty is that all too many people seem to get no further than this stage. Their faith can easily become nothing more than emotion. It can become superficial, lacking any real depth. It seems shallow. It has not really taken root, and is very vulnerable. Yet faith can only flourish when it sinks deep roots. There is more to faith than emotion, experience and feelings, however important they may be to you. Christianity isn't just about experiencing God—it's about sticking to God. A mature faith is something secure, something that you can rely on. If your faith is not deeply rooted, you will be tempted to find security in something else, only to find that this alternative will fail you (Matthew 7:24–27).
In the second place, faith is understanding more about God, Jesus Christ and human nature and destiny. By its very nature, faith seeks understanding. It seeks to take root in our minds, as we think through the implications of our experience of the risen Christ. To become a Christian is to encounter the reality of God; to become a disciple is to allow this encounter to shape the way in which we think—and act.
For in the third place, faith is obedience. Paul speaks of the "obedience that comes from faith" (Romans 1:5) making the point that faith must express itself in the way we act. "Faith is kept alive in us, and gathers strength, from practice more than speculation" (Joseph Addison). Or, as the Oxford writer W. H. Griffith-Thomas put it, nicely linking these together:
[Faith] commences with the conviction of the mind based on adequate evidence; it continues in the confidence of the heart or emotions based on conviction, and it is crowned in the consent of the will, by means of which the conviction and confidence are expressed in conduct.
And it's at this point that doubt can come in, simply because you have allowed your faith to be shallow. The New Testament often compares faith to a growing plant—a very helpful model to which we shall return frequently in this book. It is very easy to uproot a plant in its early stages of growth; once it has laid down roots, however, it is much harder to dislodge it. By failing to allow their faith to take root, some Christians make themselves very vulnerable to doubt. They haven't thought about their faith. For example, someone may raise a question about the historical evidence for the existence of Jesus. They don't know the answer. So doubts begin to creep in—often quite needless doubts, it must be said.
If this happens to you, view it in the right way. The gospel isn't an illusion that is shown up for what it really is by hard questions—like the emperor's clothes in the famous story by Hans Christian Andersen. The fact that you haven't been able to give adequate answers to some person's questions or objections to your faith doesn't mean that Christianity falls to pieces the moment people start asking hard questions! It doesn't mean that you've committed some kind of intellectual suicide by becoming a Christian. It shouldn't mean that your confidence and trust in the gospel collapse, like a deflating balloon, just because someone asked you a question you couldn't answer. It does, however, mean that you haven't thought these things through.
Your faith is real—but it is not mature. It may be a little shallow and superficial. But—and this matters enormously!—faith can grow, and it strengthens as it grows. It needs to take root, and grow into a strong, vibrant plant. The problem often lies not in the gospel, but in the nature and depth of your response to it. You have allowed the gospel to capture your imagination, but not your mind. Your faith is shallow, when it should be—and can be—profound. Your failure here ought to be a challenge to you to go away and read more deeply about these matters, or talk them over with other more experienced Christians. In addition to helping you deepen your understanding of these things, doing this will enable you to be more helpful to those interested in learning about Christianity.
This doesn't mean that you should try harder to believe, as if it were by wishing harder that difficulties disappear. This idea of "faith in faith" won't get you very far. You should see doubt as pointing to your faith being based on weak foundations. It is those foundations which need attention. A superficial faith is a vulnerable faith, easily (and needlessly) upset when confronted with questions or criticism.
Faith is like reinforced concrete. Concrete which is reinforced with a steel framework is able to stand far greater stress and strain than concrete on its own. Experience which is reinforced with understanding will not crumble easily under pressure. Again, faith is like the flesh and bones of a human body. Just as the human skeleton supports the flesh, giving it shape and strength, so understanding supports and gives shape to Christian experience. Without the skeleton, the human body would collapse into a floppy mass. Without flesh, a skeleton is lifeless, hollow and empty; without the skeleton, flesh lacks shape, form and support. Both flesh and bones are needed if the body is to grow and to function properly. Faith needs the vitality of experience if it is to live – and the support of understanding if it is to survive. So reinforce your faith with understanding.
Doubt in Other Worldviews: The Case of Atheism
In the previous chapter, I made an important point that needs to be explored much more thoroughly. Christians tend to think that doubt is a problem for them alone. But it's not. It's a problem for any worldview—whether Jewish or Islamic, atheist or religious. Appreciating this point is essential to seeing doubt in its proper perspective. As I used to be an atheist myself, I am going to explore the place of doubt within atheism.
Most people—including, it has to be said, many atheists themselves!—have the rather simple idea that atheism is about fact, whereas Christianity is about faith. Their ideas are factual; those of Christians are unproven. But it's not like that. Let me explain by asking a question: can I prove with certainty that there is a God? The short answer is "no." If you have time to study the history of the philosophical arguments for the existence of God, you'll know that they are suggestive, but not conclusive. It's pretty much the universal consensus within philosophy that rational argument does not settle the question of God's existence, one way or the other. The atheist philosopher Kai Nielsen makes this point clearly when he writes: "To show that an argument is invalid or unsound is not to show that the conclusion of the argument is false . . . All the proofs of God's existence may fail, but it still may be the case that God exists." Argument is not going to settle this question, one way or the other. And that means that the outcome is uncertain for the atheist.
Now let's pause here, because you need to appreciate something important. Christians often tend to see only one side of that statement: that nobody can rationally prove that God exists. But can you see that there is another side to it? That nobody can disprove that God exists? The Christian who believes in God thus does so as a matter of faith. But can you see that the atheist has to do the same? That her belief that there is no God is exactly that—a belief! Because she cannot prove that there is no God, her atheism is also a faith.
Atheists don't like this argument, but it is correct. The simple fact is that when anyone starts making statements about the meaning of life, the existence of God, or whether there is life after death, they are making statements of faith. You can't prove, either by rational argument or by scientific investigation, what life is all about. Whether you are Christian or atheist, you share the same problem. It's essential that you appreciate that it's not just Christians that make these statements as a matter of faith. And because they make these statements as a matter of faith, they are just as vulnerable to doubt as anyone else—Christians included. We're all in the same situation.
Let's explore this a little further, by looking at two important issues: atheist arguments for the non-existence of God, and so-called "scientific atheism," which holds that science disproves God's existence. Both, as we shall discover, are hopeless overstatements of the real situation.
Atheist arguments against the existence of God
Atheists often tell Christians that their faith is infantile. It's just fine for the minds of impressionable young children, but laughable in the case of adults. We've grown up now, and need to move on. Why should we believe things that can't be scientifically proved? Faith in God, many atheists argue, is just like believing in Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy. When you grow up, you grow out of it. And if you don't, then you are either mentally retarded or intellectually dishonest.
But this is just rhetoric—the attempt to discredit a belief by heaping ridicule upon in. In fact, it is this argument itself that is childish. If this simplistic argument has any plausibility, it requires a real analogy between God and Santa Claus to exist—which it clearly does not. There is no serious evidence that people regard God, Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy as belonging to the same category. I stopped believing in Santa Claus and the Tooth Fairy when I was about six years old. After being an atheist for some years, I discovered God when I was eighteen, and have never regarded this as some kind of infantile regression. As I noticed while researching my book The Twilight of Atheism, a large number of people come to believe in God in later life—when they are "grown up." I have yet to meet anyone who came to believe in Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy late in life! So let's leave this sort of nonsense behind, and look at a more serious argument, often advanced by atheists.
The most sophisticated atheist arguments against God date from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and are found in the writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud. Although they are slightly different, there is a common structure to each. Here it is, set out step by step.
1. There is no God.
2. But some people believe in God.
3. Since there is no God, this must be the result of some kind of delusion or wishful thinking.
4. People believe in God because they want to. Their faith is just a wish-fulfilment.
5. So faith in God is just a human invention, corresponding to a human need. (Atheists differ over how this need arises: Marx puts it down to social alienation and Freud to psychological forces).
Atheists regularly use these arguments against Christians, as I have found out in university debates. Their faith often rests heavily on this kind of argument. But let's look at this argument in more detail. On closer examination, it turns out to be as full of holes as Swiss cheese. There are three major points that need to be made.
1. The argument is circular. It presupposes that there is no God. Step (5) depends on step (1). If there was a God, then there would be no delusion, would there? It proves nothing, except that atheism is logically self-sufficient. And so is just about every worldview. The important question is: how well does it relate to the real world? The argument merely restates its presuppositions as its conclusions.
2. It is logically flawed. It is certainly true that nothing exists just because I want it to. I might long to have a pile of hundred dollar bills beside me, so that I could pay off some of my debts. But wanting something doesn't make it happen! We can all agree on that, I think. But—and it is a very big "but"—it does not follow that, because I want something, it cannot exist. Do you see this point? Imagine a man who has fallen overboard from a ship. He wants there to be a helicopter to rescue him. So helicopters can't exist, because he wants them to? Or the specific helicopter that is already on its way to rescue him cannot exist, because he needs it? Or imagine that you feel very thirsty. You need a drink of water. So water can't exist, because you want it? Or the specific glass of water that you are about to drink cannot exist, because you need it just then? It just doesn't follow. As C. S. Lewis so often pointed out, it looks as if God has made us in such a way that we long for him—and then go on to find him! The desire for God originates from God—and eventually leads to God! So much for the logic of the argument against God.
3. The argument works just as well against atheism. This is a devastating point. The atheist's argument goes like this: you want there to be a God. So you invent him. Your religious views are invented to correspond to what you want. But this line of argument works just as well against atheism. Imagine an extermination camp commandant during the Second World War. Would there not be excellent reasons for supposing that he might hope that God does not exist, given what might await him on the day of judgment? And might not his atheism itself be a wish-fulfillment? And as cultural historians have pointed out for many years, based on their analysis of European history from about 1780 to 1980, people often reject the idea of God because they long for autonomy—the right to do what they please, without any interference from God. They don't need to worry about divine judgment. They reject belief in God because it suits them. That's what they want. But that doesn't mean that this is the way things really are.
This point was made superbly by the Polish philosopher and writer Czeslaw Milosz, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1980. Parodying the old Marxist idea that religion was the "opium of the people," he remarked that a new opium had taken its place—rejection of belief in God on account of its implications for our ultimate accountability. "A true opium of the people is a belief in nothingness after death—the huge solace of thinking that for our betrayals, greed, cowardice, murders we are not going to be judged."
Atheism thus depends on a core belief that it cannot verify. Do you see the importance of this point? Atheists live out their lives on the basis of the belief that there is no God, believing that this is right, but not being able to prove it conclusively. Hardly surprisingly, atheists have tried to buttress their beliefs in other ways. One of them is to appeal to the natural sciences. These, we are told with great confidence by atheists, have disproved belief in God. But is this really the case?
The inconclusive case of scientific atheism
The twentieth century has seen many atheist scientists insist that science has eliminated belief in God. The Oxford zoologist and atheist propagandist Richard Dawkins is a good example of this kind of writer. His simplistic overstatements are regularly criticized by other scientists as representing a serious abuse of the scientific method. The simple truth is that the natural sciences neither prove nor disprove the existence of God. So either we have to give up this discussion as meaningless, or we settle it on other grounds.
You will have no problem finding writers who talk about the "limitless powers of science" to explain things, or who argue that only scientific knowledge can be taken seriously. Here is the British atheist writer Bertrand Russell on this point: "Whatever knowledge is attainable, must be attained by scientific methods; and what science cannot discover, mankind cannot know." Yet this is a ludicrous overstatement. First, it is not actually a scientific statement, so it disqualifies itself as being true knowledge! Yet more seriously, it would mean that we can never answer questions about the meaning of life, even from an atheist perspective—something that Russell seems to overlook.
Yet science has its limits. That's no criticism of science, by the way – just a recognition of its boundaries. Within those boundaries, it is highly competent. But outside them, it cannot deliver the simple answers that some hoped for. Sir Peter Medawar, who won a Nobel Prize for Medicine for his discovery of acquired immunological tolerance, was well aware of the limits of science. His words deserve to be pondered:
The existence of a limit to science is, however, made clear by its inability to answer childlike elementary questions having to do with first and last things—questions such as "How did everything begin?'; 'What are we all here for?'; 'What is the point of living?'
The point is clear: science is wonderful when it comes to discovering the chemical structure of planetary atmospheres, the cause of cancer, or finding a cure for blood poisoning. But can it tell us why we are here? Or whether there is a God or not? No. It has its limits. And those who insist—quite wrongly—that science demands or necessitates or proves atheism have some serious explaining to do. Let's hear Sir Peter again:
There is no quicker way for a scientist to bring discredit upon himself and upon his profession than roundly to declare—particularly when no declaration of any kind is called for—that science knows, or soon will know, the answers to all questions worth asking, and that questions which do not admit a scientific answer are in some way non-questions or 'pseudo-questions' that only simpletons ask and only the gullible profess to be able to answer.
Let's be clear about this. It is perfectly possible to interpret the natural sciences in atheist, theistic and agnostic ways. The sciences can be "spun" in ways making them support disbelief in God, belief in God, or scepticism. But the sciences demand none of these interpretations. Stephen Jay Gould, widely regarded as America's greatest evolutionary biologist before his recent death from cancer, was no religious believer. But he was adamant that his own religious scepticism could not be derived from the sciences.
To say it for all my colleagues and for the umpteenth million time (from college bull sessions to learned treatises): science simply cannot (by its legitimate methods) adjudicate the issue of God's possible superintendence of nature. We neither affirm nor deny it; we simply can't comment on it as scientists.
Gould rightly insists that science can work only with naturalistic explanations; it can neither affirm nor deny the existence of God. And those who argue that it disproves God have just lost the plot, imposing their atheism on a neutral science.
God is simply not an empirical hypothesis which can be checked out by the scientific method. As Stephen Jay Gould and others have insisted, the natural sciences are not capable of adjudicating, negatively or positively, on the God-question. It lies beyond their legitimate scope. There is simply no logically watertight means of arguing from observation of the world to the existence, or non-existence of God. This has not stopped people from doing so, as a casual survey of writings on both sides of the question indicates. But it does mean that these "arguments" are suggestive, and nothing more. The grand idea that atheism is the only option for a thinking person has long since passed away, being displaced by a growing awareness of the limitations placed on human knowledge, and an increased expectation of humility in the advocation of religious choices.
Two major surveys of the religious beliefs of scientists, carried out at the beginning and end of the twentieth century, bear witness to a highly significant trend. One of the most widely held beliefs within atheist circles has been that, as the beliefs and practices of the "scientific" worldview became increasingly accepted within western culture, the number of practicing scientists with any form of religious beliefs would dwindle to the point of insignificance. A survey of the religious views of scientists, undertaken in 1916, showed that about 40% of scientists had some form of personal religious beliefs. At the time, this was regarded as shocking, even scandalous. The survey was repeated in 1996, and showed no significant reduction in the proportion of scientists holding such beliefs, seriously challenging the popular notion of the relentless erosion of religious faith within the profession. The survey cuts the ground from under those who argued that the natural sciences are necessarily atheistic. Forty percent of those questioned had active religious beliefs, 40% had none (and can thus legitimately be regarded as atheist), and 20% were agnostic.
The stereotype of the necessarily atheist scientist lingers on in western culture at the dawn of the third millennium. It has its uses, and continues to surface in the rehashed myths of the intellectual superiority of atheism over its rivals. The truth, as might be expected, is far more complex and considerably more interesting.
The point of these reflections is obvious. Any worldview—atheist, Islamic, Jewish, Christian or whatever—ultimately depends on assumptions that cannot be proved. Every house is built on foundations, and the foundations of worldviews are not ultimately capable of being proved in every respect. Everyone who believes anything significant or worthwhile about the meaning of life does so as a matter of faith. We're all in the same boat. And once you realize this, doubt seems a very different matter. It's not a specifically Christian problem—it's a universal human problem. And that helps to set it in its proper perspective.
Alister McGrath is Professor of Historical Theology at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford University, where he also lectures at RZIM's Oxford's Centre for Christian Apologetics (OCCA). For more about Professor McGrath and his writings, see his websitehttp://users.ox.ac.uk/~mcgrath


text:
Re-engineering the Mississippi River will stem catastrophic economic and environmental losses from human development and climate change while raising billions of dollars in value, according to a report released yesterday.
The paper, titled "Answering 10 Fundamental Questions about the Mississippi River Delta," highlights the need to protect against land losses and preserve ecosystems along the Gulf Coast. Scientists and engineers from environmental advocacy groups and research institutions contributed to the report, noting that a quarter of the land on the bayou has eroded over the past 100 years, which they attributed to activities like damming the water for energy and flood control, dredging the riverbed for shipping and diverting the river for irrigation.
These actions halved the amount of sediment flowing into the delta to replenish the landscape, and if the process continues unabated, thousands of square kilometers of land will wash into the ocean, with more than $350 billion in losses over the next 20 years, according to the report. Meanwhile, sea levels are rising and weather events like hurricanes are becoming more extreme, accelerating the process and threatening to submerge cities like New Orleans.
This was described as having huge repercussions, not just for Louisiana but for the United States as a whole. "The Mississippi Delta is phenomenally important to the nation," said Sam Bentley, one of the report's co-authors and a professor specializing in sediment in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Louisiana State University.
He explained that the region is critical for offshore oil drilling and is a transit route for close to 20 percent of America's shipping and navigation, particularly for grain from the Midwest. The waters provide one-third of seafood tonnage served in the United States, and many species spawn over the silt near the mouth of the Mississippi.
But the delta's 2 million residents have watched the sand beneath their feet washing away over the years, with no end in sight. The delta constantly gains and loses land, but losses have drastically outpaced gains.
A 2009 study by Michael Blum and Harry Roberts in Nature Geoscience found that the delta could lose up to 13,500 square kilometers of land by 2100. Many have already left the region, fearing for their homes and their jobs, in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita as well as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
'A state of environmental decline'
"[The delta is] in a state of environmental decline that threatens a large amount of commerce and ecosystem services," said Bentley, who co-authored the report. "Even if there were no climate change, even if we were in a steady state right now, the delta would continue to subside and erode into the ocean." This will raise fuel prices, hamper the economy, reduce biodiversity and threaten food security.
"By letting this system completely collapse, you lose a lot of those economically important species," said Alisha Renfro, a coastal scientist with the National Wildlife Federation. In addition, without the delta as a shield, the coast along Louisiana and Mississippi is more vulnerable to storms and saltwater intrusion.
The report calls for an all-out approach that includes mitigating the damage, restoring land and adapting to a new normal. "The situation is so dire that all the tools in the toolbox need to be used," said Angelina Freeman, a coastal scientist at the Environmental Defense Fund and a co-author.
One strategy is to mimic how the river picks up sediment upstream and deposits it on the delta. John Day, a professor emeritus in the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at LSU, said that upstream water can be routed into wetlands and then back into the river "to restart the natural function of the delta." Engineers can also construct bypasses that allow sediments to flow around obstructions like dams on the Mississippi.
Expensive engineering required
In addition, Day said that sediment can be physically pumped to coastal areas to deliberately create new land, but the process is very energy-intensive and expensive. Farther out in the ocean, breakwaters can reduce waves and land losses to the sea.
Communities along the delta need to raise their homes to accommodate flooding with small levees to direct torrents away from neighborhoods. Roads, sewers and electrical lines also need to be protected against rising water.
Many of these strategies are echoed in Louisiana's 2012 Coastal Master Plan, an effort by the state's Costal Protection and Restoration Authority to save the delta. But where the master plan lays out Louisiana's approach to the Gulf Coast, yesterday's delta report is a rallying call for the rest of the country to get involved for the sake of the national economy. "It's not a state problem; it's a national problem, and it needs a national-level solution," Bentley said.
The report tabulates these interventions to cost $50 billion initially, with estimates peaking at $150 billion, but the report's authors say the cost of doing nothing is much higher. They anticipate receiving some funding under the "RESTORE Act of 2011," which passed the Senate last month and is currently working its way through the House.
The bill would allocate 80 percent of BP PLC's fines for its role in the Deepwater Horizon spill to the Gulf region. Restoring wetlands could also be lucrative; according to the report, wetland restoration can create more than twice as many jobs as the oil and gas industry and road construction industry combined. Newly restored areas will bring $62 billion in ecosystem services to the region, as well.
However, with the climate shifting, the clock is ticking and it is already too late for the coast to make a complete recovery. "We can't recreate what used to be there, but on the other hand, this is a living coast," Freeman said, noting that lives and livelihoods are at stake along the Gulf and across the country.
The report's authors acknowledge that some people will have to move away from the coast and that large-scale geoengineering can have unintended consequences. Still, experts argue that rebuilding the Mississippi River Delta should be a national priority. "We're looking for the nation to address this the same way the nation looked at the restoration of the Everglades," said Bentley. "The conservation of the Mississippi Delta merits as much resources."
Reprinted from Climatewire with permission from Environment & Energy Publishing, LLC. www.eenews.net, 202-628-6500

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The American Folk Art Museum opened on West 53rd Street in Manhattan in 2001, lifting the spirits of down-trodden New Yorkers who were still recuperating from the September 11 attacks. With its bold sculptural bronze facade, the building was praised for its bold architecture and instantly became a Midtown icon.
The building, owned by and adjacent to the Museum of Modern Art, gets in the way with the MOMA's expansion plans that will connect to a new tower with floors for the MOMA on the other side of the former museum. MOMA officials say the building's design does not keep with the glass aesthetic of the rest of the museum, and that the floors would not line up.
That makes the American Folk Art Museum building, designed by Tod Williams and Billie Tsien, one of the shortest lived architecturally ambitious projects in Manhattan.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
"It's very rare that a building that recent comes down, especially a building that was such a major design and that got so much publicity when it opened for its design — mostly very positive," said Andrew S. Dolkart, the director of Columbia University's historic preservation program. "The building is so solid looking on the street, and then it becomes a disposable artifact."


text:
We are always manifesting. Each thought we have creates an energy flow within and around our physical being. This energy attracts its likeness. So if you're thinking, "I suck," then your energy kinda, well, sucks–and you attract sucky experiences. The opposite experience occurs when you think high-level thoughts like, "I rock!" When you think and […]
Have you ever felt drawn to someone as if they had some kind of inner force? I'm not talking about the "oh he's so hot" kinda force. I'm talking about an energetic pull you feel in your gut that attracts you like a magnet. If you've experienced this kind of fiery encounter than you've been in the presence of an inner rockstar.
There is an inner rockstar inside you too. If you don't believe me that's because you're energy is out of tune. When your energy is vibrating at a frequency of love, compassion, serenity and joy your inner rockstar is jammin.
When your energy is vibrating at a lower level frequency your inner rockstar is out of whack, therefore attracting low-level circumstances. You're always attracting to you whatever energy you give off.
Think about it. The same way you feel positively drawn to certain people, you can also feel the opposite affect. People with low-level energy most likely turn you off. I'm sure you know those people who often attract low-level experiences. For instance, people who struggle with chronic illness, life drama or chaos.
In most cases people are yoyo attractors. This means they're attracting power is inconsistent. For these folks, some days flow effortlessly whereas other days are completely off. This type of attracting is the result of unfocused energy based on misguided thoughts, feelings and energy.
If you're a yoyo style attractor then you're reading the right blog. I'm here to teach you how to refocus your own magnetic energy so that you can experience consistent life flow, serenity and authentic power. Refocusing your energy will totally change your internal and external experiences. You'll have full access to your inner rockstar: the true source of power. When you're inner rockstar is on, life begins to flow. You attract awesome stuff and most importantly you know how to connect to you're source of strength from within. You'll no longer need to "become something" and instead you'll just be. The outside world will reflect your internal state as the Universe sends you abundant gifts and tremendous support. In addition, much like a rockstar you'll captivate others and positively enhance the energy around you.
So how does one put an end to yoyo attracting and rev up their inner rockstar? Just follow this four-week plan and expect miracles.
WEEK ONE: Witness
Three times throughout the day (morning, mid-day and evening) take note of your internal state and how you're attracting. Ask yourself the following questions: What am I thinking? What am I feeling? What's happening around me?
WEEK TWO: Take Inventory
This week is dedicated to taking a fearless inventory of your behavior. Review your work from the previous week and identify the patterns in your behavior. For instance, let's say you noticed a pattern that everyday at noon you focused on how much you hated your job. This thinking led you to feel anxious and therefore created tension between you and your boss. As a result of this low-level thinking you were led to low-level feeling and therefore attracted a negative outcome. Take note of these types of patterns.
After reviewing the patterns throughout the week practice an ~ing-write (free write) on what your energetic patterns are. Write without interruption for ten minutes. This exercise will help you understand how your energy effects your external experiences.
WEEK THREE: Shift
Week three is all about reconnecting with your inner rockstar. With your newfound insight about your energetic patterns you'll be guided to know what you need to shift. Review your inventory and choose one negative pattern that you want to transform. Throughout the week pay close attention to your behavior. Check in with your thoughts, feelings and external experiences as they are related to negative patterns.
By fearlessly witnessing your patterns you'll know when to shift. Each time you catch yourself in the act of negativity, choose to change it. To begin these shifts simply say this mantra out loud or in your head: "I choose to see this differently. I release my negativity and I welcome a loving perspective." Practice using this mantra all day long whenever you notice your negative energy come through.
WEEK FOUR: The F Word
The most powerful way to transform your negative energy into positive is through forgiveness. Carrying resentment is only harming you by creating more negativity in your mind and body. Tune into a positive frequency by using the F Word. The moment you feel resentment towards a person, circumstance or even you just throw down an F bomb and forgive. Don't get too heady about this. If you have no clue how to forgive all you need is willingness. Say out loud or in your mind, "I know this resentment doesn't serve me. I forgive and I release." Just saying this will create a shift and guide your energy into a more positive vibration.
If you're ready to jam out with your inner rockstar practice these four steps this month. Witness your behavior, take fearless inventory, shift your patterns and choose to forgive. By taking committed action towards releasing negativity you'll release the blocks to the rockstar inside you.
For my free guided meditations and Expect Miracles lecture click here. Watch me get my Inner Rockstar on!


text:
The Exchange Team blog has an excellent write-up about the changes in RTM CU1, including much anticipated information about Planning and Deployment. I'm providing a short summary about CU1 here:
- Exchange Server 2013 CU1 includes both bug fixes and feature improvements.
- Setup takes 20 minutes or more per server, depending on your hardware.
- To upgrade from Exchange 2007 all servers must first be upgraded to Exchange 2007 SP3 Update Rollup 10.
- To upgrade from Exchange 2010 all servers must first be upgraded to Exchange 2010 SP3.
- If you are upgrading Exchange 2013 RTM note that CU1 (and all future cumulative updates) are build-to-build updates. CU1 setup will uninstall Exchange 2013 RTM before it installs CU1. Any customization you may have done for RTM may be lost.
- CU1 requires AD schema updates, enterprise AD changes, and AD permissions changes. Therefore, it requires setup /PrepareSchema, /PrepareAD, and /PrepareDomain topology updates. The GUI setup of CU1 will do all these steps automatically. Because of these additional steps, setup will take longer on the first installation.
- If you have not installed Exchange 2013 RTM yet, you can install Exchange 2013 CU1 directly from the CU1 update from the web. No need to install RTM first.
- If your environment does not include Exchange 2010 servers, you will not be able to add any 2010 servers after installing 2013. If you plan to have any 2010 servers you should deploy a 2010 multi-role server first.
- When you deploy the first Exchange 2013 Mailbox server in an existing Exchange organization, a new default Offline Address Book is created. All users perform a full download of this new OAB when Outlook is launched. To prevent this, assign the current default OAB to each database before installing 2013. The methods to do this are detailed in the blog post above and the release notes.
- You can deploy multi-role (CAS and Mailbox) server(s) or separate CAS and Mailbox servers. Due to the fact that CAS proxies all web requests, you will be unable to manage a Mailbox server until there is at least one 2013 CAS in the environment.
- It no longer matters which role you update first. If you have dedicated CAS and Mailbox servers you can upgrade either role first.
- You can no longer uninstall a single server role (i.e., you cannot convert a multi-role server to a single role server). You can only uninstall all Exchange 2013 roles and redeploy.
- Mailboxes moved from legacy Exchange versions to 2013 will appear to increase in size an average of 30% due to more accurate space calculations. User quotas may need to be increased to account for this.
- An Address Book Policy Routing Agent has been introduced in CU1 to provide Address Book policies (different Address Books, depending on group membership).
- With Exchange 2013 RTM CU1 groups can once again be owners of groups for membership management, as was the case in Exchange 2007.
- Exchange 2013 CU1 includes rudimentary access to "modern" Public Folders (the Exchange 2013 variety) using OWA. Users must add a specific Public Folder to their Favorites in OWA. This is only for 2013 Public Folders and only provides access to existing Public Folders -- users cannot add or delete 2013 Public Folders in OWA 2013.
- The Exchange Administration Center (EAC) has been enhanced and now includes Unified Messaging management.
- Exchange 2013 CU1 will support the Exchange Server 2013 Management Pack for System Center Operations Manager (SCOM), due at a later date.
I'll be posting an article about OWA 2013 and EAC enhancements shortly.


text:
Audi 100 A/C Compressor FOR SALE
Audi 100 A/C Compressor by Year+
In your Audi, the air conditioning system comprises a condenser, compressor, evaporator, accumulator-drier, and expansion device. The AC Compressor is the major part of the AC unit. It is the job of the compressor to pump the liquid refrigerant throughout the system. It is mounted between the low pressure and high pressure sides of the AC system in order to maintain the pressure difference and regulate refrigerant gases.
If you are searching for Audi 100 AC Compressor, you have come to the right place. Buy Auto Parts offers a wide range of OEM replacements and premium aftermarket parts at affordable prices. All the parts we sell for your Audi come with a warranty, unless mentioned otherwise on our website. All our car parts are tested to meet or exceed industry standards.
Place your orders online at anytime by visiting our website. To view the parts that fit your vehicle, you need to select the right year and model of your Audi from our online catalog. If you need assistance in finding the Audi 100 AC compressor that you need, call us and we will find it for you. Our top priority is to satisfy our customers' needs. As we have warehouses all across the country, you can be assured of receiving your car parts from the warehouse closest to your location, on time.
We provide free shipping for every purchase above US $99. To know more about our services and car parts, you can call our toll-free support line at 1-888-907-7225 or email us at [email protected]. Our USA-based sales and support teams are here to answer all your technical questions regarding the AC compressor.


text:
Please check out these beautiful girls that we bring for you. If you like young girls with big boobs, tiny waist, big round butts and long legs, this is the site for you. These girls are unrealistically hot, their pretty faces are perfect for their incredible bodies. You'll never see girls like these ones anywhere else so go to main page to browse for more galleries.
Access to over 1,442,674 exclusive high resolution photos of the most beautiful girls ever captured on film. MetArt continues to search for the most unique, sensuous and erotic girls in the world. Since 1999 we have amassed 2835 of the most breathtaking models in history.


text:
I brought a picture of a sleek shoulder-length bob with long swoopy side bangs. That was the haircut I wanted. The haircut I received was a choppy mess of extremely short layers and blunt bangs. Holy hell. Not at all what I wanted. An entire chunk of my hair was just sitting lifeless on top of my head--not at all blended into the rest of my hair. The hair stylist knew he messed me up big time. However, he did try to blame the awful bangs on a previous haircut. "Are you sure the last person who cut your hair didn't mess them up?" Um. Dude. My "bangs" were at my chin when I came to you this morning. I was very vocal about how unhappy I was, and he didn't let me pay for the monstrosity. (He honestly looked like he was going to cry as I left the salon.) As soon as I got into the car, I called Andrew in hysterics. I was crying so much that he thought I had been in a car accident.
I'm not going to dwell on the bad haircut. Instead, I am going to thank the powers that be for my stylist returning to the states and taking pity upon me last night. She heard about my unfortunate situation and told me to come in so she could fix it. The result is a fabulous haircut, though I'll admit it is MUCH shorter than I had hoped for.
It's funny... I initially was considering going for a short cut so I could finally donate my hair to locks of love. I ultimately decided I didn't want to lose that much hair and set my sights on a shoulder length cut--about five inches shorter than the style I had at the time. In the end, I definitely lost enough hair to donate to the organization. Oh, well.


text:
every facial at earthsavers is designed to perform and achieve noticeable results. all facials feature: an analysis of your skin by one of our highly trained estheticians, purifying lymphatic drainage and a wide array of skincare products to treat every skin type and condition. no matter which facial you choose, you will leave the store relaxed and positively glowing.
- Sort by Default Order


text:
The Sarasota County Sheriff's Office launched a crime-mapping tool today. The tool is accessible by visiting www.sarasotasheriff.org, and is under "Public Interest." It can also be accessed by clicking "Crime Mapping" in the quick links on the home page.
The tool displays the location of recent crimes in Sarasota. When you click on a incident icon, information relating to theincident pops up, such as what type of crime occurred, when the crime took place, what the specific location was and further links for more information.
"Making our crime data available to the public through this easy-to-use visual tool is another measure of transparency that also enhances our ability to build a crime-prevention partnership with the community," said Sheriff Tom Knight in a press release.
Contact Eddie Kirsch at [email protected].


text:
American Reunion
The whole gang is back for their 13th-year reunion in the fourth feature-film installment of the franchise that made apple pie and MILFs famous.
Titanic (3D) (on Wed.)
Kate and Leo get on a boat that is doomed to sink, as Celine Dion warbles like a sick banshee. Watch the trailer
The Assault (2012)
This French action film recreates a real-life SWAT team's attempt to rescue 227 passengers taken hostage on a commercial jet. Watch the trailer
Alice Eve, Brian Geraghty and Josh Peck are trapped in a bank kiosk as a sociopath circles them like a blood-hungry shark. Watch the trailer
Comic-Con Episode IV: A Fan's Hope
Morgan Spurlock takes his cameras inside the super bowl of geek held each year in San Diego. Watch the trailer
Damsels in Distress
Writer-director Whit Stillman returns from a long absence with this film starring Greta Gerwig, Analiegh Tipton and Adam Brody, about of a clique of girls at a small college who try to prevent suicide with tap dance and donuts. Watch the trailer
We the Party
From writer-director Mario Van Peebles comes this comedy that looks at life inside a Los Angeles high school. Watch the trailer
Josh Hutcherson and Dane Cook star in this horror-comedy about a killer terrorizing a school, where a group of kids in detention represent the only hope to stop him. Watch the trailer
The Hunter (2012)
Willem Dafoe stars as a tracker hired to trek into Tasmania and follow up on sightings of a tiger believed to be extinct, and soon finds himself caught in a battle between eco-activists and loggers. Watch the trailer
Jason Patric, Isabella Rossellini and Udo Kier star in this psychological thriller about a gangster who returns home to find his house haunted. Watch the trailer
Surviving Progress
A documentary that looks at how far we've come as a species without learning all that much from our mistakes, and how it endangers our very existence. Watch the trailer
Take Me Home
An indie romcom about a cuckolded woman and a Wall Street suit-turned-cabbie who are thrown together on a crosscountry journey. Watch the trailer
We Have a Pope
An Italian dramedy about a man elected pope against his wishes and the psychiatrist brought in to convince him to take the gig. Watch the trailer


text:
The law requires that Americans elect someone President next year, but it's become impossible to predict if either side can collect the 270 Electoral College votes needed to win. Both President Obama and the growing posse of aspiring Republican candidates appear weak and unfocused, more stumblebums than thoroughbreds. It has gotten so bad that the honking threats by a tornado-haired reality-television star to run for President now command central attention in the race. All this with the New Hampshire primary looming only 10 months away.
How did we get here? Start with the Republicans. This month's budget fight revealed both the strength and the weakness of the GOP. Fueled by the Tea Party's revolt against a huge and growing national debt, the Republicans won the spending battle at the 11th hour, averting a disastrous government shutdown. But it was close. Does anyone doubt that a shutdown would have been a political disaster for the GOP? You don't win elections by linking arms and handing out seppuku knives on the floor of the House. But the late-night brinkmanship is a reminder that whoever hopes to capture the nomination will have to carefully balance an amped-up base and wary independent voters who have been moving away from the GOP in recent months. That won't be easy.
A second challenge to the GOP is that the race is attracting, rather than repelling, unelectable sideshow candidates Michele Bachmann, Newt Gingrich, the Donald each ready to bay and howl at a volume that is certain to devalue the Republican TV debates, divert press attention, amuse Democrats, insult independents and terrify Chinese central bankers. One of the grownup and electable Republicans Mitt Romney, Mitch Daniels, Tim Pawlenty, maybe Jon Huntsman is going to have to find a way to emerge from a process that increasingly resembles a fraternity hazing and still appear a credible President of the United States. And nothing has changed the stiff demographic headwind I wrote about in these pages two years ago. Presidential elections attract a high turnout of young and Latino voters, two groups that are becoming more and more Democratic.
But despite the Republicans' troubles, Obama remains vulnerable. A recent Gallup poll shows the percentage of people who see the President as a "strong leader" has dropped from 73% to 52%. While Obama's admirers may look at his cool and cerebral style and see a strong and decisive leader who understands the complex nuances of public policy, far too many voters see only mush. The first law of politics is that what matters is not what is actually true but rather what voters perceive to be true. This President is increasingly perceived as passive and equivocal. His detached style, his affection for nuance and his resistance to getting directly involved in the messy meat chopping of congressional budget writing has created a public persona that is more Adlai Stevenson than Harry Truman, more likely to give 'em footnotes than hell.
Perhaps the best example is the murky message surrounding Obama's decision to intervene in Libya. I think he made the right call to join our allies in supporting a popular revolution against a dangerous thug and to align the U.S. with the youth-fueled reform movement spreading across the Muslim world. While it is too early to tell where this turmoil will lead, the facts of Middle Eastern demography dictate that it is firmly in our national interest to engage with these forces of change to keep them moving toward our democratic values. But the President's war speech, meant to clarify his policy, struck notes of timidity and limitation instead of victory and purpose. Nuanced, yes. Well argued, perhaps. But politically effective? Not at all.
The President's other political burden is a sagging economy. Though the latest employment numbers have ticked up, too many Americans think his Administration is underperforming on job creation. While some economists think a recovery has begun, the cruel reality of presidential campaigns, once again, is that it is the perception people have of the economy, not the statistical reality, that rules the ballot box. The Obama recovery may prove too weak to help the Obama re-election campaign.
Combine the perception of a bad economy with one of weak leadership and it leaves Obama beatable, something even some Democrats will admit privately. The Republican nomination is very much worth having, warts and all. That is why Romney, Gingrich, Pawlenty and all the others are eyeing a lumpy bed in a cheap motel room tonight somewhere in rural Iowa, New Hampshire or South Carolina, thinking, Only 600 more nights like this to go.


text:
iPhone app supports parents, helps teens become safer drivers
Book after book has been written to help parents know what to expect when they are expecting, how to handle the terrible twos, and how to talk about the birds and the bees. Now the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center (HSRC) and the Center for the Study of Young Drivers have developed a smartphone app that provides guidance to parents when their teen reaches another important milestone: learning to drive.
Time to Drive is the first research-based iPhone app designed to help parents ensure their teen gets enough driving practice – and the right kind of practice – during the lengthy initial period of supervised driving.
"It is critical that teens get lots of experience in all kinds of driving situations while a parent is still supervising and guiding the process," said Arthur Goodwin, a senior research associate with HSRC's Center for the Study of Young Drivers. "Time to Drive will help parents better prepare their teen for the high-risk period when they begin driving on their own."
The idea for the app grew from research conducted by the Center showing that many teens do not get enough driving practice, especially in potentially challenging situations such as darkness, bad weather, or heavy traffic. This lack of experience, explains Goodwin, is one of the primary reason why motor vehicle crash rates are so high during the first few years of driving.
Time to Drive aims to remedy that by encouraging parents and teens to achieve certain goals for overall driving time and driving in various situations. In addition, many U.S. states require a record of supervised experience when a teen driver in the learner stage applies for a provisional license. Time to Drive provides parents with an easy way to keep an accurate, printable log of driving time and conditions.
"Using the Time to Drive app driving log and mapping feature, I realized that my daughter and I always drove the same roads to her after school activities," said Melissa Jackowski, a parent who used the app during its testing phase. "We intentionally changed our routes so that she could practice driving in different situations, including on interstates and higher speed roadways."
Time to Drive, developed in collaboration with Sky Highways, Inc., also provides tips for parents of teen drivers, such as how to handle a teen who may be scared to drive, or how to choose an appropriate vehicle for a newly licensed teen driver. Another unique feature of Time to Drive is a hard stop meter that will help parents and teens identify when the teen brakes too hard. The goal is to help teens learn to brake sooner and more gradually. Braking too late is one of the most common contributors to teenage driver crashes.
The Time to Drive app was the winning entry for the first Carolina Apps Competition, co-sponsored by the office of the UNC Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovate@Carolina. The goal of this competition was to embrace new ways of translating findings from UNC research into practice. Sky Highways, Inc. was selected to develop the App for the iOS platform.
Explore further
Time to Drive can be purchased in the Apple iTunes store. All proceeds from the app go toward maintaining the app and supporting research by the Center for the Study of Young Drivers.


text:
A fall in house prices due to a change in fundamental value redistributes wealth from those long housing (for whom the fundamental value of the house they own exceeds the present discounted value of their planned future consumption of housing services) to those short housing. In a closed economy representative agent model (the special case when the birth rate is zero, of the Yaari-Blanchard OLG model used in the paper), there is no pure wealth effect on consumption from a change in house prices if this represents a change in their fundamental value. When the birth rate is positive, higher fundamental house prices driven by the housing demand of future generations will boost current consumption.
There is a pure wealth effect on consumption from a change in house prices even in the representative agent model, if this reflects a change in the speculative bubble component of house prices.
Two other channels through which a fall in house prices can affect aggregate consumption are (1) redistribution effects if the marginal propensity to spend out of wealth differs between those long housing (the old, say) and those short housing (the young, say) and (2) collateral or credit effects due to the collateralisability of housing wealth and the non-collateralisability of human wealth. A decline in house prices reduces the scope for mortgage equity withdrawal. For given sequences of future after-tax labour income and interest rates, a fall in house prices will then depress consumption in the short run while boosting it in the long run.
Comments and Questions
See attachment
Laurence Copeland's point is well-taken. In positing a sharp dichotomy between collateralisable housing wealth and non-collateralisable human wealth, I crossed the line from simplification to over-simplification. Both the ex-ante degree of collateralisability of different non-human assets and human capital, and the ex-post degree of enforceability of these collateralised loan ...[more]
contracts are better viewed as continuous variables on the [0, 1] interval, say, than as binary variables. Housing loans can be with or without recourse to the non-housing assets and to the future income of the borrower, and with-recourse housing loans can put the non-housing assets and the future income of the borrower at risk for periods ranging from years to decades.
It remains a key empirical fact, that in societies without slavery and indentured labour, future labour income typically represents poor collateral from the perspective of legal enforceability - it frequently cannot be attached (seized by legal writ) at all. The phenomenon of unsecured lending reflects, in my view, reputational non-cooperative equilibria or other self-enforcing punishment strategies in repeated interactions or long-term relationships, rather than the likelihood of third-party legal enforcement of unsecured loan contracts by the attachment of the borrower's future labour income in case of default.


text:
Authenticity, trust, and performance have always been at the heart of Wilson. Wilson's dedication to hard working players at every level drives them to develop the products that stand up to the players individual requirements. Countless hours working with Major League Baseball, collegiate, high school, and youth players allows Wilson to bring together technology and craftsmanship for the best in fit, form and function.
For generations, established veterans and future stars alike have joined the Wilson Advisory Staff to represent the brand and advise Wilson R&D in product development. This partnership with the game's best players has made Wilson the most coveted brand in baseball as well as a true American icon. Which is why Major League Baseball's brightest stars, from Ernie Banks to Dustin Pedroia, have trusted their game to Wilson.
This year's color features a sharp contrast of Jet Black and Walnut, giving the player a baseball glove as good looking as their backhanded grab deep in the hole. All the Wilson A2K's features work together to provide the same core benefit—a truly long lasting glove that breaks in as quickly as possible.
2X PALM CONSTRUCTION: A thin, strategically cut piece of leather is placed between the palm liner and outer shell, providing maximum pocket stability and a quicker break in.
3X MORE CRAFTSMAN SHAPING: A master technician spends 3x more time pounding and shaping your A2K Baseball Glove by hand at the factory—reducing break in time for you.
PRO STOCK SELECT LEATHER: The top 5% of Pro Stock hides are triple sorted for consistency and flawlessness—these become tanned specifically for the A2K.
ROLLED DUAL-WELTING: Thin strips of Pro Stock leather are skived thin and rolled to provide long lasting shape, but allowing for a quicker break in.
Wilson A2K BBGB2B Pitcher Baseball Glove Features:
|Product Specs
|Product Info
|Web Type:
|Glove Size:


text:
Squirrels have fuzzy tails.
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
for 8 of this motor i need batteries. i want to use li poly battery. the battery should run at least 15 minutes. please tell me which battery should i use? also give the linkweight should be as light as possible
Hi.Quote from: mechaboy on December 12, 2012, 03:58:12 PMfor 8 of this motor i need batteries. i want to use li poly battery. the battery should run at least 15 minutes. please tell me which battery should i use? also give the linkweight should be as light as possibleImpossible!You cannot find a battery without knowing the average load current and you cannot find that without knowing all the details of the entire 'bot and it's working environment. So mount them and test the thing to find the average current while it does what it's supposed to do.You didn't mention anything about gearing and you cannot drive the wheels directly from these motors, if that's what you were going for.
We would have to guess what you're trying to do (how much load it is.)Free running, these motors draw 3 A; stalled, they draw > 40x as much.Let's say that you will be running them at the half-way point, which works out to about 65 A.Similarly, you need a battery that doesn't over-volt the motor, so fully charged, it shouldn't be over 20 V (unless you use an inverter, but you probably aren't.)Fully charged, a LiPo is 4.2V per cell, so a 5S LiPo fully charged would be 21V. However, when drawing actual current, the LiPos sag in voltage, so I think they'll actually be safe. Fully discharged (assuming you do safety cut-off,) a 5S would be 16V.So, 5S LiPo, capable of giving 8x65A, for 15 minutes. That's a total of 16500 mAh per motor. You also need high-discharge-rate batteries, because you're going to be loading at > 2 times the mAh capacity of the battery.Thus, I would recommend something like three of these in parallel, per motor (so, 24 total):http://www.hobbypartz.com/98p-25c-5500-5s1p.htmlOr maybe two of these in parallel per motor (so, 16 total):http://www.hobbyking.com/hobbyking/store/__18209__Turnigy_nano_tech_8000mAh_5S_25_50C_Lipo_Pack.htmlIf you don't know what your load is actually going to be, you could start by buying one per motor, and see how far that takes you, and then multiply out by however much runtime you need.Some more comments:- You need one battery circuit per motor, because the maximum stall draw of the motor would otherwise destroy the batteries (akin to shorting them out.) The "C" rating of the battery times the capacity of all the batteries in parallel for a single motor need to be at least as much as the maximum (stall) current of the motor.- You need some kind of battery management. When a LiPo goes below 3.2V, you will ruin the battery, and if you load it so it gets too hot, it may even burst into flames and possibly explode! Heat sensors, voltage sensors, and fail-safe cut-offs are important. Either a large number of very low-Rdson MOSFETs, or a relay with very high-amperage rated contacts, can do the job.- You also need to think about motor control. What controllers are you using that won't fry out at > 130A current draw?


text:
Happy Mexican Independence Day!
It's the 16 of September, and we're celebrating all things Mexico. So grab a Corona and a plate of comida, and celebrate the festive holiday with your family and friends! And while you're at it, take a moment to appreciate just a few of the wonderful things you have Mexico to be thankful for:
1. Chocolate
The first recorded evidence of chocolate was found in Mesoamerica, in the region that later became Mexico. Yes, you have Mexico to thank for Hershey kisses, Abuelita hot cocoa, German chocolate cake, and French silk pie.
2. Tacos
Do you really want to live in a world without tacos? While the precise origins of the taco are unknown, Jeffrey M. Pilcher, a professor at the University of Minnesota and taco expert, believes that they date back to 18th century Mexico when men working in the silver mines invented the delicious food.
3. Flamin' Hot Cheetos
Flamin' Hot Cheetos (aka the BEST chip of all time) were invented by Richard Montañez, a Mexican immigrant and janitor at the Frito-Lay plant in California. He pitched his idea for a chili powder coated chip to the president of the company, who loved the idea. Now, Montañez leads the Multicultural Sales & Community Promotions branch of the company! Talk about a great product -- and an even better story.
4. Color TV
While you're snacking on your Flamin' Hot Cheetos and watching endless episodes of Orange Is The New Black on your LCD 40" screen TV, remember: the inventor of the color television was a Mexican. Guillermo González Camarena was the first person to patent the product when he developed an "improved chromoscopic adapter" for color television transmissions.
5. Tequila
There would be fewer sloppy nights without Mexicans, and don't you forget it. It's believed that tequila was first produced in the 16th century, although the Aztec people had previously brewed an alcoholic beverage made from the agave plant -- long before the Spanish arrived on this continent.
6. Piñatas
Fiestas would be a whole lot less fun (and less violent) without piñatas. Okay, so originally piñatas are from China, but the tradition took on new meaning when it was introduced into Europe in the 14th century and later brought to Mexico. Mayan tradition called for a pot filled with decorative feathers to commemorate the birthday of Huitzilopochtli. The Mayans would then blindfold themselves and break the pot with a stick or club, causing the treasures to fall to the floor. This festive ritual later became the basis for the piñata as we know it today.
7. Caesar Salad
Que? Yes, it's true: your favorite diet go-to was invented in Mexico. An Italian immigrant named Caesar Cardini operated restaurants in both the United States and Tijuana, Mexico. During one Fourth of July rush, he depleted the kitchen supplies and had to make do with what he had on-hand. Thus, the Caesar Salad was born on the Mexican border.
8. Corn
Do you want to live in a world without corn on the cob, cornbread, or corn tortillas? I didn't think so. So, next time you dig in to a delicious cup of esquite, be sure to thank the Olmec and Mayan Indians who first cultivated the vegetable in Mexico.
9. Birth Control
Birth control was invented by a Mexican? Claro que si. When Luis Ernesto Miramontes Cardenas was just 25-years-old, he co-discovered the compound which became the chemical basis for the first oral contraceptive. In other words: he invented the world's first birth control!
10. ...And A Whole Lot Of Amazing Latinos!
Louis C.K., Salma Hayek, Lupita Nyong'o, Selena Gomez, Alfonso Cuarón, Gael Garcia Bernal, Diego Luna, Eva Longoria, Mario Lopez, Paulina Rubio, Jessica Alba, Sara Ramirez, Diego Boneta, Thalia, Ryan Guzman, Michael Trevino, Kid Cudi, Miguel, and many more talented actors, singers, rappers, dancers, comedians and more have roots in Mexico!
Have fun, and remember to celebrate all the amazing contributions Mexico has made in your life as you celebrate Cinco De Mayo this year!


text:
Former HSN host Rachel Huber has landed — in Canada.
Huber posted on Facebook that she is heading north.
"The time has finally come to announce my new host position at The Shopping Channel in Canada!" she wrote. "I'm thrilled to be joining the team and I'm most looking forward to shopping with all the wonderful viewers!"
At first, we couldn't place where we had seen Huber before. But some friendly Facebook folks reminded us it was HSN.
Among the people congratulating her for her new gig was HSN host Bobbi Ray Carter.
The Shopping Channel gave Huber a warm welcome on Facebook.
Her bio says that Huber had 10 years experience in electronic retailing on HSN, and she described herself as a "shopping-ista" who has "a distinct passion for jewelry." Hey, don't copy our Homeshoppingista name, girlfriend!
In an interesting note, it says that Huber worked for eight years as a middle school French teacher in Omaha.
She's married to Kurt, and "is a mom to three cats Monet, Mia and Paris."


text:
- Establishment will fight tooth and nail for the status quo, be in no doubt. That goes for the UK as well as the EU, both sets of damnfool idiots are now crapping themselves.
- The UK looks set to disintegrate if Brexit happens, Scotland will want out and probably Northern Ireland too.
- As nobody knows exactly how Article 50 works, it gives those in charge licence to make it up as they go along.
- There's a whole wave of "oh no what have we done?" washing through the UK now, like a bad hangover.
- A petition for a second referendum is already out there and picking up steam.
- Also, this.
1) UK triggers article 50
2) EU and UK thrash out a deal.
3) Deal includes referendum and waiver of article 50
4) UK puts it to the people, kinda "OK folks, this is the exit deal they've offered us, up to you to decide".
5) Bingo! A de-facto Brexit Part Deux. If it's rejected, UK stays.


text:
SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Facebook Inc grew mobile advertising revenue several times in the third quarter, a faster-than-expected pace that helped drive shares in the world's No. 1 social network nearly 13 percent higher.
Facebook said on Tuesday that it now gets 14 percent of its advertising revenue from mobile ads, helping to reassure investors that the social network is beginning to figure out how to earn money off smartphone and tablet users.
Mobile ad revenues totaled roughly $150 million, up from an estimated $40 million to $50 million in the second quarter and almost nothing in the first.
"This certainly dispels the most bearish view, that Facebook couldn't monetize people on phones or tablets," said Colin Sebastian, an analyst with Robert Baird & Co.
"In about a six-month period they've actually started to generate decent revenues form their mobile applications," Sebastian added, though he said Facebook still needs to show that its mobile ads can command the same rates as its traditional ads and that they can deliver results for marketers.
Mobile advertising has been among the key investor concerns hanging over Facebook, helping slash more than $40 billion off its market value since its May IPO. As its users increasingly access the social network with their smartphones, Facebook has struggled to transition its business to mobile devices.
The mobile ads helped reignite Facebook's overall advertising business during the third quarter, following several consecutive quarters of slowing revenue growth that raised questions about Facebook's long-term prospects.
Advertising revenue increased 36 percent to $1.09 billion, up from 28 percent growth in the second quarter. But revenue from its payments and other businesses increased just 13 percent to $176 million.
Mark Zuckerberg, the 28-year-old chief executive who created Facebook in his Harvard dorm room, said mobile was the "most misunderstood aspect" of the company and took issue with the "myth" that Facebook could not earn money on mobile.
"Over the long run we're going to see more monetization per time spent on mobile than on desktop," Zuckerberg said on a conference call with analysts on Tuesday.
The company's shares leapt nearly 13 percent to $21.97 in after-hours trading on Tuesday.
Facebook said it had crossed the 1 billion threshold for monthly active users by September 30, of which 604 million were mobile users, a gain of 61 percent from a year earlier.
The shift to mobile has challenged many of the Web industry's top companies. Google Inc is the No.1 provider of smartphone software with its Android operating system. But the company missed Wall Street's revenue targets in the third quarter, with some analysts blaming the shortfall on its increasing reliance on lower-priced mobile ads.
Social game maker Zynga Inc, which announced layoffs of 5 percent of its staff on Tuesday, has suffered as it struggles to translate its hit games to mobile devices and as the use of its games on Facebook's service declines.
Zynga's woes were visible in Facebook's results, with Facebook's payments revenue from the maker of Farmville down 20 percent year on year.
Zuckerberg said he was not pleased with revenue from gaming, but said that beyond Zynga - which accounts for 7 percent of Facebook's total revenue - the situation was brighter.
"The interesting thing is that the rest of the games ecosystem has actually been growing. Our monthly payments revenue from the rest of the ecosystem increased 40 percent over the past year, since payments has been adopted," he said.
Zuckerberg also said Instagram, the photo-sharing app that Facebook acquired for roughly $750 million this year, now has 100 million users, up from 27 million when Facebook bought the company.
Facebook posted a net loss of $59 million or 2 cents a share in the three months ended September 30 after booking a big provision for income taxes. Excluding share-based compensation and income tax adjustments, it earned 12 cents a share, a penny higher than the average analyst expectation.
Facebook Finance Chief David Ebersman said the company would continue to invest aggressively during the fourth quarter, though the company did not provide a specific financial outlook, in keeping with its previous practice.
Ebersman said that the total number of ads that Facebook delivered in the third quarter increased 27 percent year-on-year and that the average price per ad increased 7 percent.
Facebook's third-quarter mobile revenue marked a big jump from the second quarter, when Facebook said that it was generating more than $1 million a day from a new class of ads that appear in users' newsfeeds. Facebook said that roughly half of that revenue was from mobile ads, suggesting that mobile advertising revenue totaled $45 million in the second quarter.
Stifel Nicolaus analyst Jordan Rohan said that Facebook's mobile ad revenue was impressive, but said that Facebook needs to proceed carefully so as not to damage the user experience by overloading its service with too many ads.
And he said that Facebook's desktop PC advertising business appeared to have shrunk by about $40 million from the second quarter. Rohan said he would rather see the desktop ad business remain stable as the mobile ad business grows.
Facebook's third-quarter revenue of $1.26 billion was a hair above the average analyst expectation of $1.23 billion, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.
Reporting by Alexei Oreskovic; Editing by Phil Berlowitz and Mark Bendeich


text:
The average salary for an Early-Career Graphic Designer with Web Design skills in Los Angeles, California is $48,851.
Is Graphic Designer your job title? Find out what you should be paid
Use our tool to get a personalized report on your market worth.What's this?
$38k - $66k
$400 - $3k
Total Pay
$32k - $63k
Find your market worth – how it works:
Tell us about your job and pay factors like skills and education
Find your market worth with a report tailored to you
Negotiate your pay with confidence
What Do Graphic Designers Do?
Graphic designers use color, illustrations, fonts, and layout to visually communicate a message or present a product. They design logos, product packaging, print materials, and websites, among many other things. Graphic designers are found in a variety of industries and in different capacities. For instance, a designer might be employed as in-house staff for a company to work on promotional materials for the organization, or a designer might work for a design agency with many clients and project…Read more
Graphic Designer Tasks
- Create and assemble images and graphics to produce designs for websites, print media, product design, displays and productions.
- Direct marketing design projects, collaborating with multiple departments.
- Design and develop product brand identity.
Graphic Designer Job Listings
Search for more jobs
What Are Popular Skills for Graphic Designers?
Avg. Salary
Adobe Photoshop
382 responses
Adobe Illustrator
334 responses
Adobe InDesign
265 responses
Graphic Design
230 responses
110 responses
Skills that pay less than market rate include Design, Graphic Design, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop.
What is the Pay by Experience Level for Graphic Designers?
A mid-career Graphic Designer with 5-9 years of experience earns an average total compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of $51,927 based on 44 salaries. An experienced Graphic Designer with 10-19 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $59,994 based on 21 salaries.
Pay Difference by Location
Learn more about cost of living by city.
Employees with Graphic Designer in their job title in San Francisco, California earn an average of 31.3% more than the national average. These job titles also find higher than average salaries in New York, New York (7.6% more) and Seattle, Washington (6.5% more). The lowest salaries can be found in Dallas, Texas (18.1% less), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (16.7% less) and Chicago, Illinois (11.3% less).
Years of Experience
This data is based on 65 survey responses.
Mid Career
Related Job Salaries
$29k - $55k
$48k - $112k
$33k - $68k
$28k - $53k
$43k - $99k
$54k - $99k
$41k - $103k
$38k - $78k
$34k - $58k
$48k - $149k


text:
0 product in your basket.
Items total (excl delivery):£0.00
Safe & Secure Our checkout is secure, so you can shop with confidence.
Low Stock.Ready for dispatch, a few left.
Free Delivery
Available on this item to mainland UK addresses.
Fast Dispatch
Usually within one business day.
Safe & Secure
Secure website and checkout.
Classic Disney trinket box. Featuring the charming Dumbo from Disneys classic tale.
A little extra sparkle is added with shimmering stones set on his ears.
The perfect gift for any Disney lover.
Dimensions Height 8.6 cm Length 4 cm Width 4 cm
Supplied in a silk lined gift box.
|Product Code:
98%Recommend Us
4.89 Average 2036 Reviews
Independently collected from verified customers by Reviews.co.uk.
The wax burner I purchased was lovely and arrived in good condition.
2 weeks agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Good price and a rapid delivery of a quality item.
2 weeks agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
First clasa service
2 weeks agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Smells amazing
3 weeks agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Excellent service , the item arrived on time and very well packaged . Will definitely use again and highly recommend
3 weeks agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Good choice of gifts and a very good service. Thank you.
6 months agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Excellent, speedy service. Parcel was wrapped very carefully.
8 months agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Excellent speedy service, product well wrapped too
8 months agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Easy to order, fast service. Very happy. Thank you.
8 months agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk
Prompt good service, well packed would order from Crusader Gifts again
8 months agoReviews.co.ukwww.reviews.co.uk


text:
Obama Trade Deal Worse Than NAFTA
As a candidate, Obama promised to renegotiate NAFTA, the trade deal that has undermined workers and the environment. Now leaks of negotiations with eight Pacific countries reveal Obama's intention to out-NAFTA NAFTA.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) deal has been negotiated in secret (except for 600 corporate advisors). The TPP would:
--reward outsourcing of jobs to lower-wage countries;
--give foreign corporations immunity from U.S. laws;
--allow foreign corporations to challenge U.S. laws in foreign (secret) tribunals; and
--wipe out national protections for workers or the environment.
Take a minute to tell President Obama (and Congress) that we won't stand for it.


text:
So will this be ITV5...
then? Just imaging the fun turning on the TV in 2025 and watching those hilarious tazerings and shootings from 2011 on ITV5. Can't wait (to die).
Reality TV took its next step at the weekend with the inaugural broadcasts in the USA of new show Police POV, featuring video footage from headcams worn by cops on the job. The first episodes of Police POV were broadcast on Sunday night by Time Warner channel truTV (motto: "Not reality. Actuality") which features court …
Most digital eyewitness units buffer several minutes of audio and video along with certain vehicle telemetrics. Recordings can be manually activated during an incident or automatically activated when the officer goes Code 3 (lights and siren). The "pre-incident" buffered data becomes part of the record so that you see what transpired immediately prior to the incident. The data is watermarked and of evidence standard -- any attempt at tampering is clearly visible.
UK standard police procedure is to lose any evidence they don't like. A couple of years ago, the unit next to ours was broken into. Our camera caught some details, and I made a copy of the file, and gave the police a CDR. However in the excitement, I accidentally forgot to mention to the copper it was a copy. After a couple of months of inaction, our neighbour chased plod up to be told they had "lost" the CD-R. After I provided a copy, *I* had a visit from a right-royal pissed off PC who threatened to do me for "obstruction" if I didn't hand over all the copies. When I said I couldn't do that, as the file had been sucked into our backups, he got really arsey.
I resisted the temptation, to suggest that his real annoyance was becasuse he couldn't avoid doing any police work now.
Would be interesting if "losing evidence" and "misplacing or not revealing evidence to the defence" became serious crimes and actively prosecuted. Maybe it would be a step towards getting a decent, respected police farce. (Only a small step, but it would mark a change of direction from the present one.)
in the UK, judges appear to be remarkably tolerant of the police breaking the law to obtain/present evidence. When was the last time you remember a judge barring illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial ?
I'm not a massive Yank-o-phile, but I have to admit, their "fruit of the poison tree" principle does seem to have some sense.
Occasionally evidence is recovered which, whilst undeniably true, cannot be used in a court solely due to police/prosecutor mistakes. This is not good.
Also, even with this rule, there is an exclusion for police officers executing an illegally obtained warrant 'in good faith':
... police officers had a warrant to search an apartment on the third floor of an apartment building. Expecting to find a drug dealer, then actually raided the apartment across the hall from the one they intended to raid.
While they realized their mistake, they also found a bag of marijuana on a dresser in the apartment they accidentally raided. The Supreme Court based its decision in part in the inability to deter such actions.
So long as the officers didn't intend to violate the rights of their victims, their findings cannot be precluded from being used as evidence in a criminal trial.
So, in general the rules apply the same across the pond as they do here, except rich people cannot hire really expensive lawyers to attempt to throw out every piece of evidence.
The monthly fees are hugely expensive for the department, and potentially a huge money-spinner for the OEM. One cold probably roll-ones'-own for a tiny fraction of the ongoing monthly "service" charges for what amounts to nothing more than some remote HDD space. Seriously, look up the fees! It's like some sort of IQ test...
Next. Since the Officer's word already takes precedence over the "perp" (no matter what the honest truth), this system can only result in more police officers being hung for abuse. That's a good thing, except for the now doubly-bankrupted department. LOL.
It's probably safe to assume that the cooperating police agencies have ultimate veto power over the footage that gets shown on television.
I would like to know, however, if the police agencies have enough contractual control to demand that any particular footage be promptly destroyed, ensuring that it is never archived or available for future review or even subpoena. Furthermore, would the video be exempt from FOIA because it is the property of — and held by — the production company?
I have wondered for some time about the TV cop shows that seem to be on every bloody cable channel 24x7...
Presumably the TV companies pay the police forces for the rights to film and broadcast this footage? If so, how much and where exactly does that money go?
Also assuming they DO pay for this, is there not a major ethical question about corporations funding the police in this manner? Surely this could potentially cause a significant conflict of interests?
good news. so if i notice any officer wearing a camera, then in court i can demand to see all of the footage of the entire encounter, if any at all is presented as evidence. if only partial footage of the entire incident is or can be provided, then how can any of it be considered a true full version of events? what is conveniently left out can prove or disprove things, so any missing footage invalidates the rest. my untrained opinion.
Biting the hand that feeds IT © 1998–2020


text: Keep your loved and dear ones happy and stay in touch with them by sending them augmented reality greeting cardsmemorable greeting cards for them.There are many ways to design greeting cards in an exquisite manner. Make a designer greetings cards flawless as well as attractive so that they create an everlasting impression on the mind of a customer.You can design beautiful designer handmade greeting cards with the help of greeting card templates. A person can design the cards in a simple manner either by creating handmade greeting cardsor by using a variety of computer tools. These computer tools or templates are available online in the market.One can easily and smoothly create the designs and patterns for the purpose of making an attractive card. You can also choose to insert animated images or content into such greeting cards. The animation in the e-cards is interactive as well as attractive in nature.A recipient enjoys reading personalised greeting cards that are made in a thoughtful manner and with a lot of creative work on it.Animation is a multimedia content which is used for inserting pop-ups or other attractive images into a augmented reality greetings card . As flash technology is in vector graphics, it allows a user to make use of a variety of colours or shades. You need not to worry about the deliverability factor of the card.The size of such handmade specialist cards cards is compressed so that anyone can have access to a greeting on the system with any kind of configuration. The recipient just needs to click on the link provided and you to get an alert of the receiver receiving the card. The sender can also preview the greeting cards collectionThe advantage of using handmade augmented reality cards is that as they are in electronic format. It is popular among the youngsters nowadays to draw funny designs and characters with animation. All these handmade specialist cards leave unforgettable impressions on a recipient's minds.


text:
Provided by: libvm-ec2-perl_1.28-2build1_all
VM::EC2::ConsoleOutput - Object describing console output from an Amazon EC2 instance
use VM::EC2; $ec2 = VM::EC2->new(...); $instance = $ec2->describe_instance(-instance_id=>'i-123456'); my $out = $instance->console_output; print $out,"\n"; my $ts = $out->timestamp; my $instance = $out->instanceId;
This object represents the output from the console of a Amazon EC2 instance. The instance may be running, pending or stopped. It is returned by VM::EC2->get_console_output(), as well as VM::EC2::Instance->console_output. Please see VM::EC2::Generic for methods shared by all VM::EC2 objects.
These object methods are supported: requestId -- ID of the request that generated this object instanceId -- ID of the instance that generated this output timestamp -- Time that this output was generated output -- Text of the console output
When used in a string context, this object will act as if its output() method was called, allowing it to be printed or searched directly.
VM::EC2 VM::EC2::Generic VM::EC2::Instance
Lincoln Stein <email@example.com>. Copyright (c) 2011 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research This package and its accompanying libraries is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GPL (either version 1, or at your option, any later version) or the Artistic License 2.0. Refer to LICENSE for the full license text. In addition, please see DISCLAIMER.txt for disclaimers of warranty.


text:
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Found 2 resultsTitle
Filters: First Letter Of Title is F and Author is Joel A Fein [Clear All Filters]
Feasibility and effects of a Web-based adolescent psychiatric assessment administered by clinical staff in the pediatric emergency department." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(12):1112-7."
Feasibility of an interactive voice response tool for adolescent assault victims." Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16(10):956-62."