text:
TIRExB: list of nominated candidates
17 December 2012
Having solicited candidates who wish to stand for election as members of the TIR Executive Board (see news of 7 November 2012), the secretariat is reproducing below a list of all candidates nominated by Contracting Parties to the TIR Convention (in English alphabetical order):
- AFSHARI, Naghme (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
- ASAKEEV, Erkinbek (Kyrgyzstan)
- CHINGOSKI, Ljupcho (the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
- CIAMPI, Marco (Italy)
- DIRLIK, Didem (Turkey)
- DUBIELAK, Anna (Poland)
- JELINKOVA, Lenka (European Commission)
- LINDSTRÖM, Henrik (Finland)
- MAKHOVIKOV, Igor (Belarus)
- MILOŠEVIĆ, Veselin (Serbia)
- SYASKOV, Konstantin (Russian Federation)
- SYOMKA, Serhiy (Ukraine)
The TIRExB election will take place at the fifty-fifth session of the TIR Administrative Committee (Geneva, 7 February 2013). The election procedure, adopted by the TIR Administrative Committee, is contained in Informal document No. 1 (2013) (English, French and Russian).

subset: commoncrawl


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For the past several years, the United Nations Human Rights Council and General Assembly have adopted resolutions recognizing and promoting the concept of "defamation of religions." Proponents seek to establish an international ban on any speech that would insult, criticize, offend, or disparage any person's religion. Specifically, the Organization of the Islamic Conference has suggested that national legislatures pass laws to ensure protection against "defamation of religions."
Such a ban, however, could not withstand legal scrutiny in the United States. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects free speech and expression, even when speech is offensive or insulting. Moreover, a religious "speech code" would disrupt the assimilation of religious minorities that has occurred throughout U.S. history and could breed resentment rather than understanding among America's religious communities.
The U.S. government has spoken out strongly against the "defamation of religions" effort at the United Nations. The next U.S. Administration should oppose the further promulgation of "defamation of religions" at the U.N. and must resist any attempt to legitimize the concept within the United States. Given the penchant of some federal judges-including justices on the U.S. Supreme Court-to rely on the decisions and opinions of international courts and organizations, the "defamation of religions" effort at the United Nations must be confronted.
The "Defamation of Religions" Effort at the U.N.
In 1999, the U.N. Commission on Human Rights adopted a resolution titled "Defamation of Religions" that expressed concern over the "negative stereotyping of religions" and "that Islam is frequently and wrongly associated with human rights violations and with terrorism."[1] In its most recent resolution passed in March 2008, the Human Rights Council (which replaced the Commission on Human Rights in 2006) urged all U.N. member states "to provide, within their respective legal and constitutional systems, adequate protection against acts of hatred, discrimination, intimidation and coercion resulting from the defamation of any religion" and stated that while "everyone has the right to freedom of expression…the exercise of this right carries with it special duties and responsibilities, and may therefore be subject to certain restrictions…."[2] In short, the resolution maintains that while everyone has a right to free speech, that right does not permit the "defaming" of Islam or any other religious denomination.
The U.N. General Assembly, of which all the nations of the world are members, has passed a "defamation of religions" resolution in each of its last three sessions from 2005 to 2007. The text of these resolutions is similar to that of the resolutions passed by the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council from 1999 to the present. The votes on the General Assembly resolutions split along the same general lines as the votes on the resolutions adopted by the Commission and the Council-with the Islamic nations and the developing world voting in favor, and Western democracies, including the United States, voting against.
The alleged need for international protection against "defamation of religions" was explained in a recent report submitted to the Human Rights Council by the Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC):
The Muslim Ummah has noticed with utmost concern the continued attacks by a section of marginal groups and individuals in the West on the most sacred symbols of Islam including the Holy Quran and Prophet Muhammad in an offensive and denigrating manner, the most recent being the reprints of the blasphemous cartoons by 17 Danish newspapers on February 13, 2008 and the release of the film Fitna by a Dutch Parliamentarian on March 27, 2008.…
The instances quoted or referred to in this report corroborate that marginal western groups and individuals, motivated by hatred and intolerance against Muslims and Islam remain unabated in acts of provocation and incitement of religious intolerance by misuse or abuse of the right to freedom of expression. The need to address this issue through adoption of an adequate international instrument has been underscored in the Report.[3]
In addition to the supposed need for an "adequate international instrument" (presumably an international convention or treaty) to prohibit "defamation of religions," the OIC report also calls for the enactment of legislation by national legislative assemblies to prohibit by law the "defamation of religions."[4] In short, it is clear that one goal of the OIC is for national legislatures-including, presumably, the U.S. Congress-to enact legislation prohibiting the criticism of any religion, especially Islam, its prophet, and its practitioners.
The U.S. has been highly critical in its opposition to "defamation of religions" resolutions at both the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly.[5] Protestations by Congress and the executive branch of the U.S. government, however, may not be sufficient to stop the recognition of "defamation of religions" in the U.S. In recent years, certain justices of the U.S. Supreme Court have relied on the judgment of foreign organizations in reaching their decisions. Justice John Paul Stevens, writing for a majority of the Court in Atkins v. Virginia, a death penalty case decided in 2002, was apparently swayed by the beliefs of "the world community" regarding the death penalty and aligned himself with that "community" rather than respecting the opinion of a Virginia jury.[6] In writing the majority opinion in Lawrence v. Texas, a 2003 case involving homosexual sodomy, Justice Anthony Kennedy cited an opinion of the European Court of Human Rights as well as a law passed by the British Parliament to overturn a ruling made by the Supreme Court fewer than 20 years before.[7] It, therefore, stands to reason that Americans should be wary of the steady adoption of "defamation of religions" resolutions at the U.N. as well as the enforcement of such laws throughout the Islamic world, given the opinions of some Supreme Court justices.
Fortunately, the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution would prohibit the enactment or enforcement of any legislation prohibiting "defamation of religions" in the U.S. and should militate against recognition of the concept by the Supreme Court, regardless of the proclivities of some of its members noted above.
Incompatible with the U.S. Constitution
The First Amendment provides that "Congress shall make no law…abridging the freedom of speech." The "hallmark" of the First Amendment "is to allow 'free trade in ideas'-even ideas that the overwhelming majority of people might find distasteful or discomforting."[8] Moreover, "[i]f there is a bedrock principle underlying the First Amendment, it is that the government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive or disagreeable."[9] With some narrow exceptions, such as obscene materials[10] and libel,[11] offensive speech and expression is protected by the Constitution.[12]
Inoffensive speech and unobjectionable expressive conduct usually require no protection to begin with, since the government has little reason to censor such speech. Criticism of powerful people (such as religious figures or public officials) and institutions (such as organized religion), however, is the very type of speech that requires protection, especially if that criticism is controversial or offensive.
Blasphemy, sacrilegious statements, and any other speech or expression that insults or denigrates organized religion is, for better or worse, protected by the First Amendment.
Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson. In 1950, the State of New York censored an Italian film by denying its distributor a license for commercial exhibition. The film in question, titled The Miracle, told the fictional story of a deranged young woman who, while tending a herd of goats, misunderstood a passing stranger to be Saint Joseph. "Saint Joseph" then plied the girl with wine and impregnated her.[13]
The Motion Picture Division of New York State's department of education initially granted a license that allowed the viewing of the film, but after a public outcry the New York City Commissioner of Licenses declared the film "officially and personally blasphemous" and ordered that the license be withdrawn. The New York State Board of Regents ultimately decided that the license should be withdrawn since in its opinion the film was "sacrilegious" pursuant to a New York statute that allowed exhibition licenses to be withheld if a movie is deemed to be "obscene, indecent, immoral, inhuman, sacrilegious, or is of such a character that its exhibition would tend to corrupt morals or incite to crime…"[14] The Board of Regents ordered the Commissioner of Education to rescind the exhibition license for The Miracle, which he did.
The case was appealed all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled against the Board of Regents and the Commissioner, holding that "under the First and Fourteenth Amendments a state may not ban a film on the basis of a censor's conclusion that it is 'sacrilegious'" and that "such a previous restraint is a form of infringement upon freedom of expression to be especially condemned."[15]
In so holding, the Court highlighted the dangers inherent to censoring expressive speech based on allegations that it ridicules a religious denomination:
In seeking to apply the broad and all-inclusive definition of "sacrilegious" given by the New York courts, the censor is set adrift upon a boundless sea amid a myriad of conflicting currents of religious views, with no charts but those provided by the most vocal and powerful orthodoxies. …
[F]rom the standpoint of freedom of speech and the press, it is enough to point out that the state has no legitimate interest in protecting any or all religions from views distasteful to them which is sufficient to justify prior restraints upon the expression of those views. It is not the business of government in our nation to suppress real or imagined attacks upon a particular religious doctrine, whether they appear in publications, speeches, or motion pictures.[16] (Emphasis added.)
The "defamation of religions" concept, if instituted as U.S. law, would clearly run afoul of the Court's holding in the Joseph Burstyn, Inc. case. Any attempt by the federal government (or any state government) to censor speech or expressive conduct under such circumstances would place the government in the untenable position of suppressing "real or imagined attacks" on Islam, Christianity, Judaism, or any other religious faith currently practiced in the U.S.
Criticism of Religion Is Not Incitement to Violence. The proponents of a "defamation of religions" law maintain that such a measure is necessary in order to avoid incitement to violence and discrimination.[17] The 2008 "Combating defamation of religions" resolution passed by the U.N. Human Rights Council states that the Council "deplores the use of printed, audio-visual and electronic media, including the Internet, and of any other means to incite acts of violence, xenophobia or related intolerance and discrimination towards Islam or any religion."[18] In other words, criticizing, insulting, or spoofing Islam or any other religion in a newspaper, on television, in a movie, or on the Internet should be outlawed.
The First Amendment to the Constitution, however, protects controversial and offensive speech and expression regarding religion even when there is some likelihood that it could incite violence.
In the 1940 case Cantwell v. State of Connecticut, the Supreme Court addressed a situation in which religiously provocative speech allegedly incited a breach of the peace.[19] Newton Cantwell, a Jehovah's Witness, had been going door to door in a heavily Catholic neighborhood in New Haven, Connecticut, selling books, handing out pamphlets, and playing records with religious content on a portable record player. He approached two Catholic men on the street and asked them to listen to one of his records, which attacked the Catholic Church and its doctrine. The two men "were incensed by the contents of the record and were tempted to strike Cantwell unless he went away."[20]
Cantwell was arrested, charged, and convicted of inciting a breach of the peace. The case eventually reached the Supreme Court, which overturned the convictions. The Court stated that under other circumstances Cantwell may have been guilty of a crime if his actions presented a "clear and present danger of riot, disorder…or other immediate threat to public safety, peace, or order." Cantwell's actions, however provocative, did not rise to that level regardless of the fact that the record he played "singles out the Roman Catholic Church for strictures couched in terms which naturally would offend not only persons of that persuasion, but all others who respect the honestly held religious faith of their fellows."[21]
The Court recognized that debate over competing religious doctrines is inevitable in American society, and criminal charges are not warranted each time a particular denomination is maligned:
In the realm of religious faith, and in that of political belief, sharp differences arise. In both fields the tenets of one man may seem the rankest error to his neighbor. To persuade others to his own point of view, the pleader, as we know, at times, resorts to exaggeration, to vilification of men who have been, or are, prominent in church or state, and even to false statement. But the people of this nation have ordained in the light of history, that, in spite of the probability of excesses and abuses, these liberties are, in the long view, essential to enlightened opinion and right conduct on the part of the citizens of a democracy.[22]
In other words, free speech and expression, even if patently false and even when taken to the limits of what polite society allows, must be given precedence over any hurt feelings or insult that may result.
That is not to say that any and all incendiary speech is protected by the Constitution at all times. The First Amendment protects provocative and insulting speech, but not when the speaker threatens someone else with immediate violence, or attempts to induce others to imminently commit an illegal act.[23] A strict line, however, can and must be drawn between constitutionally protected free speech criticizing or insulting a particular religious denomination, and unprotected speech where the speaker plainly intends to incite immediate violence or discrimination. It is precisely that very clear line that the proponents of "defamation of religions" blur intentionally.
Those proponents seek to ban all criticism of religion regardless of context or setting. According to the OIC, insulting Mohammad or Islam is in and of itself an incitement to violence and discrimination and therefore must be banned as "Islamophobic." Any speech, book, film, or other form of expression that depicts Islam, Mohammed, or Muslims in an unflattering light constitutes "defamation."
This point was made clear in a June 2008 letter from the OIC to the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights wherein the OIC listed several incidents that it deemed to be defamatory to Islam, among them:
- The publication in Denmark of "defamatory" and "blasphemous" cartoons depicting Islam's prophet Mohammed,
- The release of the short film Fitna, which "denigrat[ed] the Holy Qur'an" and was "a major Islamophobic incident that shocked and dismayed all Muslims and the international community," and
- "[T]he unfortunate and unwarranted remarks of Pope Benedict XVI at a University in Germany on September 20, 2006."[24]
Yet none of those incidents-had they taken place in America-would be actionable under U.S. law because there was no threat that the respective audiences would be immediately incited to commit acts of violence or discrimination. The cartoons of Mohammed published in the Danish Jyllands-Posten newspaper in September 2005 were distributed through normal channels (by home delivery and on the newsstand), and therefore not in a manner that would incite imminent violence or discrimination against Muslims or Islam. Dutch parliamentarian Geert Wilder's short film Fitna-which intersperses passages from the Quran with images of terrorist attacks-was posted on a Web site and, therefore, could be viewed by anyone in the world with Internet access. Pope Benedict's 2006 speech-wherein he criticized the Muslim practice of forced conversion to Islam-was delivered to 1,500 students and faculty at Regensburg University in Germany.[25]
The act of distributing a newspaper to the public-however incendiary the content of the newspaper's articles-does not constitute an incitement to violence, much less a "clear and present danger" of causing a riot or disorder. Nor does posting a short film on a Web site constitute an "immediate threat to public safety, peace, or order." A speech delivered to an assembled audience-if it is clearly evident that the speaker intends to incite the audience to committing an immediate act of violence-may be actionable under U.S. law, but no reasonable person could conclude that the Pope's speech fell within those parameters.
Religious Balkanization
In addition to being unconstitutional, a neutral application of a "defamation of religions" law in the U.S. would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, due to America's religious pluralism. Although the overwhelming majority of Americans identify themselves as Christians, the U.S. is home to millions of Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and members of many other denominations. The difficulty of enforcing a religious speech code on a heterogeneous citizenry was hinted by Justice Reed in his concurring opinion in the Joseph Burstyn, Inc. case:
In the Rome of the late emperors, the England of James I, or the Geneva of Calvin, and today in Roman Catholic Spain, Mohammedan Saudi Arabia, or any other country with a monolithic religion, the category of things sacred might have clearly definable limits. But in America the multiplicity of the ideas of "sacredness" held with equal but conflicting fervor by the great number of religious groups makes the term "sacrilegious" too indefinite to satisfy constitutional demands based on reason and fairness.[26]
That is not to say that the enactment of a "defamation of religions" law would be acceptable if the U.S. had a mostly homogeneous population.
Moreover, due to America's religious diversity, the enactment of such a law would inevitably devolve into a legal morass of competing religious grievances. It would be virtually impossible to develop a uniform, national standard for what does and does not constitute "defamation" of a certain religious denomination.
Similar to Supreme Court jurisprudence regarding obscenity, the determination of criminal prosecutions for "defamation of religions" would likely hinge on what the accepted "community standards" are in any particular locale.[27] Practically, this means that judges and juries in local and state jurisdictions across America would be empowered to determine whether a certain affront to Islam, Christianity, or any other religion is criminally actionable "defamation" or constitutionally protected free speech. A movie critical of Islam shown in Dearborn, Michigan, which has a large Muslim population, may be deemed by a local jury to "defame religion" while the same film may pass community muster in Boise, Idaho. A novel highly critical of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints may be banned in Salt Lake City while becoming a bestseller in Boston.
These geographical discrepancies in religious demographics would result in a patchwork of jurisdictions across the U.S. legal landscape that are "Christian-friendly," "Muslim-friendly," "Mormon-friendly," or completely religion-free. This type of religious Balkanization is the polar opposite of the healthy assimilation of various religious minorities that has occurred in America for hundreds of years. It will not lead to better relations between people of different faiths, and may well serve to breed resentment among them.
"Defamatory" Art and Entertainment
Allowing a civil cause of action for "defamation of religions" would undoubtedly have a deleterious effect on American social and cultural life. Controversial works of "art" such as the highly objectionable photograph of a crucifix immersed in a glass of urine would most certainly be challenged in court.[28] The Mohammed cartoons published in Denmark-none of which was reprinted in a major U.S. newspaper in a shameful episode of self-censorship-would have resulted in lawsuits against the small U.S. papers that did print them.
A likely target for those prone to filing lawsuits for "defamation of religions" would be the entertainment and publishing industries. Many movies and books with religious subject matter generate great public controversy in the U.S., and if there were a legal mechanism available to halt their exhibition, publication, or distribution, it is likely that some "aggrieved" party will make use of it. The distribution and exhibition of books and films deemed religiously controversial may be challenged in courtrooms across the nation:
- Christian litigants may seek to ban films like Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ (1988) and The DaVinci Code (2006), both of which depict accounts of the life of Jesus that are not found in the Gospels.[29] The books on which those two films were based could also be banned as "defamatory" to Christianity.
- Muslim litigants may attempt to ban books such as Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses (1988), which is considered blasphemous by some Muslims and led Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini to issue a death fatwa against Rushdie. Films that could easily be banned include Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh's Submission (2004)-for which Van Gogh was brutally murdered by a Dutch-Moroccan Muslim in Amsterdam that same year- which ties Quranic verses to the mistreatment of Muslim women, as well as the aforementioned Fitna (2004).
- John Krakauer's 2003 book Under the Banner of Heaven-which tells the true story of a brutal murder and depicts fundamentalist as well as mainstream Mormons in a poor light-could compel American adherents to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints to sue to ban the book.[30]
- Some Jews might attempt to censor Mel Gibson's allegedly anti-Semitic film The Passion of the Christ (2004) for its portrayal of Jews regarding the arrest, trial, and crucifixion of Jesus.[31]
For every major and minor religious denomination living in the U.S., there are books and films that portray their particular beliefs in an unflattering light. Imagine if a legal cause of action for "defamation of religions" existed in multi-religious cities, such as Detroit, Miami, and New York City- aggrieved members of each and every religious denomination that live in those cities could sue to ban films and books that they happen to find objectionable. As a result, only those movies and books free of any content even remotely critical of any religion would be safe from censorship in those large, diverse metropolises.
What the United States Should Do
Recognizing a new legal cause of action that bans insults or criticism of religion will provide no benefit to the people of the United States. While state and local law enforcement should not hesitate to condemn religious discrimination and prosecute acts of incitement to violence, the federal government should tread extremely lightly where disputes over religious doctrine are concerned. The U.S. does not need a national speech code that would restrict the First Amendment rights of Americans, no matter how offensive that speech may be to any particular religious denomination.
On an international level, the U.S. must remain wary of continuing efforts by U.N. member states to gain wider acceptance of the "defamation of religions" concept. Its proponents will continue to push the "defamation of religions" agenda at the U.N. Human Rights Council, the U.N. General Assembly, and at other international forums such as the April 2009 Durban Review Conference. Issues relating to religious intolerance-which is what the "defamation of religions" concept seeks to address-should be considered under the relevant mechanisms that already exist at the U.N.
The U.S. should therefore:
- Oppose any effort to codify "defamation of religions" into U.S. law. Any attempt to establish a criminal or civil "defamation of religions" law in the United States at the federal, state, or local level must be strongly opposed. Attempts to introduce such legislation may be incremental- notably, in May 2005, when a group of U.S. Congressmen sponsored a resolution in the House of Representatives calling for the Quran to be treated with dignity and respect.[32] Such piecemeal legislation must be closely guarded against.
- Resist the spread of "defamation of religions" within the U.N. system. The Bush Administration has been consistent in its opposition to "defamation of religions" resolutions at both the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly. The proponents of the "defamation of religions" concept, specifically the nations of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, will persist in introducing such resolutions at both U.N. forums in the following years. The next Administration must continue to oppose these resolutions and attempt to persuade U.S. allies who have voted in favor of past resolutions (or have abstained from voting) to change their votes to "no."
The idea that religious tolerance should be promoted and protected is inexorably intertwined with the founding of the United States and is deeply rooted in American custom. For that reason, American society has successfully assimilated a multitude of religious and cultural traditions over the past several centuries, while nurturing a constitutional framework that allows American citizens to express their thoughts and ideas without unreasonable constraints.
The U.S. Constitution and Supreme Court jurisprudence protect religious liberty while promoting tolerance and free speech. The introduction of "defamation of religions" laws would upset the delicate-and successful-balance that has been achieved between the free exercise of religion and free speech, both of which are protected under the First Amendment. Government intrusion into these areas is unwarranted in the absence of a compelling purpose. Protecting the hurt feelings of aggrieved members of particular religious denominations is not one such purpose.
Steven Groves is Bernard and Barbara Lomas Fellow in the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom, a division of the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies, at The Heritage Foundation.
[1] Commission on Human Rights Resolution 1999/82, April 30, 1999.
[2] Human Rights Council Resolution 7/19, "Combating Defamation of Religions," ¶¶ 9, 12, March 27, 2008, at /static/reportimages/70C45A6BD21A2EADA34508FB6A259157.pdf (October 20, 2008). With minor variations to the text, U.N. resolutions condemning the "defamation of religions" have been adopted at each subsequent meeting of the Commission and the U.N. Human Rights Council, as well as the U.N. General Assembly beginning in 2005.
[3] Professor Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, "OIC Observatory Report on Islamophobia," May 31, 2008, at http://www.oic-un.org/document_
report/observatory_report_final.doc (October 20, 2008). The Organization of the Islamic Conference (http://www.oic-oci.org/oicnew/index.asp) is an international organization composed of the world's 57 Muslim nations.
[4] OIC Observatory Report on Islamophobia, p. 2.
[5] Press Release, "United States Government Response to the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights concerning Combating Defamation of Religions," U.S. Mission to the United Nations in Geneva, July 11, 2008, at http://geneva.usmission.gov/Press2008/July/
0715DefamationReligions.html (November 4, 2008); Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of State, "Remarks on Release of 2008 International Religious Freedom Report," September 19, 2008, at http://www.state.gov/secretary
/rm/2008/09/110022.htm (November 4, 2008); and John V. Hanford III, Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, September 19, 2008, at http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/rm/2008/110027.htm (November 4, 2008).
[6] Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 316-317 n.21 (2002).
[7] Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003).
[8] Virginia v. Black et al., 538 U.S. 343, 358 (2003), quoting, Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616, 630 (1919) (Holmes, J., dissenting). This paper does not address whether the enforcement of a "defamation of religions" law would violate the Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses of the First Amendment.
[9] Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397, 414 (1989).
[10] Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957); Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973) (The Court established criteria which must be met in order for allegedly obscene publications to be subject to government regulation).
[11] Beauharnais v. Illinois, 343 U.S. 250 (1952); New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964); Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974).
[12] Although not the subject of this paper, it should be noted that the "defamation of religions" concept is antithetical to existing international human rights instruments, such as Articles 18 and 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Articles 18 and 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. See, for example, "Combating Defamation of Religions," Becket Fund for Religious Liberty Issues Brief, June 2, 2008, at /static/reportimages/2A6ED4F2AC7D32666CD2F9697556C1CF.pdf (October 20, 2008), and "Combating Defamation of Religions," European Centre for Law and Justice, June 2008, at http://www.eclj.org/PDF/080626_ECLJ_submission_to_
OHCHR_on_Combating_Defamation_of_Religions_June2008.pdf (October 20,2008).
[13] Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson, Commissioner of Education of New York, et al., 343 U.S. 495, 507 (1952) (Reed, J., concurring).
[14] Ibid. at 497-499, citing McKinney's N.Y. Laws, 1947, Education Law, 129.
[15] Ibid. at 503, 506 (1952), citing Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson, 283 U.S. 697 (1931).
[16] Ibid. at 504-505.
[17] Indeed, Article 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights-to which the U.S. is a party-states that "Any advocacy of…religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law." At the time of ratification of that Covenant, however, the U.S. entered the following reservation: "That article 20 does not authorize or require legislation or other action by the United States that would restrict the right of free speech and association protected by the Constitution and laws of the United States." International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, "Declarations and Reservations," at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/ratification/
docs/DeclarationsReservationsICCPR.pdf (October 20, 2008).
[18] Human Rights Council Resolution 7/19, "Combating Defamation of Religions," March 27, 2008.
[19] Cantwell v. State of Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940).
[20] Ibid. at 302-303.
[21] Ibid. at 308-309.
[22] Ibid. at 310.
[23] Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969) (States may not forbid incendiary speech "except where such advocacy is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action."); Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942) (States may restrict so-called "fighting words" which "by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace."); Virginia v. Black, et al., 538 U.S. 343 (2003) (Court upheld statute banning cross burning where there is a specific intent to intimidate).
[24] Charge d'affaires ad interim of the Permanent Mission of the Organization of the Islamic Conference to the United Nations Office at Geneva, letter to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, June 26, 2008, General Assembly document A/HRC/9/G/2, July 24, 2008.
[25] Pope Benedict criticized the practice of forced religious conversion, quoting 14th-century Byzantine emperor Manuel II Paleologus who stated, "Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached." Ian Fisher, "Some Muslim Leaders Want Pope to Apologize," The New York Times, September 16, 2006, at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/16/world/europe/16pope.html?fta=y (October 20, 2008).
[26] 343 U.S. 495, 528 (Reed, J., concurring).
[27] See Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
[28] "Piss Christ" (1989) by American photographer Andres Serrano.
[29] See Aljean Harmetz, "7,500 Picket Universal Over Movie About Jesus," The New York Times, August 12, 1988, at http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?
res=940DE5D8153AF931A2575BC0A96E948260 (October 20, 2008).
[30] See "Church Response to Jon Krakauer's Under the Banner of Heaven," The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, June 27, 2003, at http://newsroom.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/eng/commentary/
church-response-to-jon-krakauer-s-under-the-banner-of-heaven (October 20, 2008).
[31] See Frank Rich, "Mel Gibson Forgives Us For His Sins," The New York Times, March 7, 2004, at http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=
sq=passion%20of%20the%20christ%20frank%20rich&st=cse (October 20, 2008).
[32] H. Res. 288, introduced by Congressman John Conyers, Jr. (D-MI), on May 19, 2005.


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The 2016-17 registration season for the Officiating Program begins on August 1, 2016 and all incomplete registrations must be completed by 12:00am (midnight), April 30 of the following year. USA Hockey officials registration is valid for the entire season in any district or state in the United States. Membership in a State or Local Officials Association is not required for USA Hockey officials registration.
USA Hockey has no minimum or maximum ages for officials. It is highly recommended that, regardless of level attained, officials not work games of their own age classification or higher. Generally, officials can successfully officiate as young as age 10. However, some individual states do have restrictive child labor laws that do not exempt amateur sport officials. It is the obligation of the parent who registers a minor to determine the specific labor laws in their respective state prior to registering with USA Hockey.
All persons who have never registered with USA Hockey as an Ice Hockey Official must register at Level 1 for the first season. All registration requirements must be completed, and you must have your Card and Crest in hand before you may accept assignments.
LEVEL 1 Complete
LEVEL 2 Complete
LEVEL 3 Complete
LEVEL 4 Complete
An official may not change their Registration Level to a higher level once online Membership Registration is completed.
Taking a Closed Book Exam at a level higher than an official's level of Membership Registration will not satisfy their Closed Book Exam requirement (a Level 3 CB Exam will not complete Level 2 Registration). If a higher level exam is submitted, the exam will be rejected and the official will be "completed" as a Level 1 for the season.
"Complete" means that an official has met all the criteria (exams, seminars, online training, etc.) at the level for which he/she has applied. "Incomplete" means that an official has filed an application but has not completed all the necessary criteria to be "complete" at any level.
A new official (not registered the previous year) may not officiate until he/she is completely registered. A returning official ("complete" the previous season) may not officiate after November 30 of the current season (expiration date on previous year's card) unless he/she is completely registered for the current season.
Each season all officials must complete the Open Book Playing Rules Exam. Officials who do not receive the minimum score for the appropriate level, will be given access to a Re-take Exam and a new answer sheet. An official is only allowed one Re-take Exam per year. The Re-take Exam is available after a seven day waiting period (from submitting the first exam), and once available this re-take must be completed within 30 days. In the event that an official fails the exam twice, he/she will become completely registered at the highest level for which the re-take exam score would qualify (e.g., Level 1 =35/50 or 60/100; Level 2 =80/100; Level 3 =90/100; Level 4 =90/100).
Renewal officials may apply for one level higher than their completed registration level the previous season. Officials are allowed to take one season as "unregistered" or "incomplete" and return at the same level they were last completely registered at. Level 1 completely registered officials are allowed to take one season off and still be eligible for Level 2 the following season. The level that each renewal official is eligible for is designated on the online officiating application. An official may apply for a level lower than their eligible level. However, once the application has been received at the National Office, an official cannot change the level they have applied for.
(After one or more season(s) unregistered or incompletely registered.)
We are always happy to have officials return to the USA Hockey Officiating Program after some time away from the program. Because of your past experience with our program you may be able to register at a level higher than Level 1, depending upon the level at which you were last registered. As a general rule, officials may take one season off (unregistered or incomplete) without forfeiting the current level status. However, if an official is away (not registered or incomplete) for the previous two seasons, he/she must apply for registration one level lower (except Level 1) than that of the last season "completely registered." A Level 4 official who takes 3 or more seasons off will be required to return at Level 2.
Attendance at a sanctioned USA Hockey Officials Seminar is required for all applicants, regardless of level. This seminar will generally consist of both a classroom and ice-session, and must be conducted by USA Hockey trained instructors. At the seminar, every official and instructor in attendance must be sure to "sign in" on the official USA Hockey Seminar Attendance Form (unless they have pre-registered online). The Attendance Form will be returned to the National Office and attendance credited in each official's registration record.
Important Note: An official is not required to attend a seminar in their respective District. An official may attend any sanctioned USA Hockey seminar in any District and receive credit toward registration.
Level 4 applicants must attend a Level 4 specific seminar.
There will be no opportunity to complete the Level 2, Level 3 or Level 4 Closed Book Exam testing except at the USA Hockey seminar you attend.
To be eligible to officiate in any State, Regional or National Championships, an official must be completely registered on or before December 31 of the current season. Only Level 4 officials will be eligible to Referee National Championships.
All Level 2, 3, & 4 officials must complete a Closed Book Exam while completing their Local Seminar. The official must take the appropriate level exam to receive credit towards their registration level (i.e.: a Level 3 CB Exam will not count towards Level 2 registration).
There are no re-take attempts on any Closed Book Exams.
Total Number of Exam Questions: 50
Score: 40 or higher (eligible for Level 4)
Score: 35 to 39 (eligible for Level 3)
Score: 34 or lower (eligible for Level 2)
All officials must complete online education regardless of level or experience. Online Education consists of a series of Course categories.
All course categories must be completed to finish online training.
All modules within the Pre-Required and Required categories must be completed. The remaining categories contain a menu of elective modules and an official must complete the required number of modules (e.g. 4 modules of 7 offered) within the category to complete the category.
There will be a short quiz at the end of each module that the official must pass to complete the module and continue with education. If the official does not pass the quiz, the module will reset and the official must complete the module again.
Online Membership Registration must be completed for 24-hours before access to the Online Education System is granted.
As part of USA Hockey's continued effort to create a safe playing environment for all participants, those officials who are 18 years of age or older (as of August 1 of the current registration season) are required to complete an online SafeSport Education Program every two seasons. The online program is free of charge.
You will need your current USA Hockey Registration Confirmation Number (not your Officials Number) to complete training. Registration confirmation numbers can be obtained at the main USA Hockey Registration page.
Registration with the USA Hockey Officiating Program does not guarantee any official any game assignments.
Officials are responsible to obtain their own game assignments from Local Game Schedulers as designated in each District. Any game scheduler who assigns incompletely registered officials for games is subject to serious liability as he/she jeopardizes the insurance coverage of the officials and both teams involved. Whenever possible, only level-qualified officials should be assigned to games. Updated listings of currently registered officials are available from the District Referee-in-Chief on a regular basis.


text:
The hidden path.
We want to make a better game, a role-playing game where the notion of role is taken seriously, where the stories that are made in the game can be (and are) re-told.
We want to open the way for heroes. Heroes that sacrifice, heroes that are forged from members of a culture, a society, and a family and who matter more because of it.
We want to make something more than an mercenary's amusement park, something more deep and less predictable.
We want craftsmanship to matter. And teaching, and statesmanship, and leadership, and exploration, and guile, and creative problem-solving, and the patient study of the arcane. We want them to matter like they do in all the best stories, the ones that we're still telling hundreds, even thousands of years later.
This is the first road marker of our journey, on a path that's ever-unfolding. The ground has been laid, the scaffolding erected, and with a bit of patience and the grace of the gods of Making, we will forge our world.


text:
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Please note that the answers to the questions are for information purposes only for the products discussed. Individual circumstances may vary. In case of discrepancy, the documentation prevails.


text:
U.S. Women Sweep Brazil, Reach Pan Am Cup Title Match
Bill Kauffman, USA Volleyball Senior Manager of Communications, Phone: 719-228-6800, Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
USAV Facebook * @USA_Volleyball
Unofficial DataVolley Stats * Official NORCECA Stats
COLORADO SPRINGS, Colo. (June 15, 2013) – The U.S. Women's National Volleyball Team used a complete team effort in powering past Brazil 25-11, 25-20, 25-22 on Saturday evening during the semifinal round of the Pan American Cup in Lima, Peru.
Team USA, the defending tournament champion, will now play Dominican Republic in Sunday's gold-medal match at 5 p.m. PT. Dominican Republic defeated Argentina 25-18, 25-18, 25-11 in the first semifinal match of the day. Both United States and Dominican Republic have won the title twice in the past 11 editions of the intercontinental tournament. The Americans have been in the finals three previous times while the Dominicans have played for the gold in seven past occasions.
The U.S. captured the 2012 Pan American Cup by defeating Brazil in the title match two weeks prior to the start of the Olympic Games. The 2013 U.S. roster has seven players returning from last year's Pan Am Cup championship and only one Olympian.
The U.S. built an early 7-2 lead in the opening set and cruised to a 25-11 victory as seven different players scored. The Americans held a 4-0 margin in aces in the first set. Team USA started five new players in the second set and led throughout in a closely contested 25-20 victory. Team USA overcame an 18-17 deficit in the third set by using a 7-2 scoring run to establish a 23-19 advantage and went on to win 25-22.
"I am glad to arrive to this stage," U.S. Women's National Volleyball Team Head Coach Karch Kiraly (San Clemente, Calif.) said. "Our team has played well and united. The Dominicans will be a tough opponent as they have won all their matches, but it will be a good match."
Team USA had all 11 of its non-libero players score during the match. Rachael Adams (Cincinnati) led the Americans with 12 points and a match-high six blocks to go with six kills on 12 attacks. Lauren Paolini (Ann Arbor, Mich.) secured 11 points with 10 kills on 14 attacks and an ace, while Kelly Murphy (Wilmington, Ill.) matched the 11 points with 10 kills on 22 swings and a block. Kim Hill (Portland, Ore.) charted seven kills on 16 attacks and two blocks for nine points.
Cassidy Lichtman (Poway, Calif.) chipped in seven points with six kills on 10 errorless attacks and an ace. Megan Hodge (Durham, N.C.) tacked on four kills on nine errorless swings, one block and one ace for six points in just one set of action. Kristin Richards Hildebrand (Orem, Utah) pocketed two kills on three attacks, while Nicole Fawcett (Zanesfield, Ohio) served two aces in the first set. Lauren Gibbemeyer (St. Paul, Minn.) provided a kill and ace for two points. Setters Alisha Glass (Leland, Mich.) and Jenna Hagglund (West Chester, Ohio) both turned in one block.
Hagglund provided the U.S. with 30 running sets in relief of Glass, who had five running sets. Hill totaled a team-high nine excellent receptions on 18 errorless attempts, while Banwarth charted a team-high nine digs to go with six excellent receptions on 12 errorless chances. Richards Hildebrand secured seven digs in just one set of action. Lichtman added six excellent receptions on nine errorless chances.
The U.S. started Hodge and Richards Hildebrand at outside hitter, Gibbemeyer and Adams at middle blocker, Fawcett at opposite and Glass at setter. Banwarth is the designated Team USA libero for the tournament. After the first set, Hagglund started the rest of the way for Glass, Lichtman and Hill started in place of Richards Hildebrand and Hodge at outside hitter, Paolini stepped in for Gibbemeyer at middle blocker and Murphy spelled Fawcett the rest of the way.
The U.S. convert 48.4 percent of its attacks into kills as part of a .389 hitting efficiency (46-9-95). The Americans held Brazil to a 39.8 kill percent and .227 hitting efficiency (35-15-88. Team USA dominated the net with a 12-5 block advantage, in addition to serving strong with a 6-2 ace margin. The U.S. also held a 46-35 edge in kills as both teams held errors in check with 11 each.
"Today all the players had the chance to participate and it could be seen the team is very united," said Richards Hildebrand, the U.S. captain. "Dominican Republic will be a tough rival, but we will go out to enjoy the game."
In addition taking the title in 2012, the U.S. won the Pan American Cup in 2003 in the tournament's second edition. Team USA won the Pan American Cup silver medal in 2004, along with bronze medals in 2010 and 2011.
By reaching today's semifinals, Team USA had already qualified for the 2014 FIVB World Grand Prix as top four NORCECA finishing teams in the tournament gain a spot in the prestigious annual event.
Brazil's Gabriela Guimaraes tallied a match-high 14 points as no other teammate scored more than eight points in the loss.
The Pan American Cup, now in its 12th year, consists of 12 teams from NORCECA (North American, Central America and Caribbean Confederation) and CSV (South America Federation). The tournament serves as a qualification tournament into the 2014 FIVB World Grand Prix. The top four teams from NORCECA and the top placing team from CSV other than Brazil will earn tickets to next year's World Grand Prix.
The U.S. opened the first set with a 2-0 lead after a Brazil error and Fawcett ace. Hodge followed a Glass block with a kill to increase the early advantage to 4-1. Team USA extended the lead to 7-2 with an Adams kill and block after a Brazil error. Hodge notched back-to-back kills and Adams followed with her second block to extend the lead to 10-3. Brazil scored back-to-back points to cut the deficit to 12-7. The Americans answered with a Gibbemeyer kill, Fawcett ace and Richards Hildebrand kill after a Brazil error to grab a 16-7 advantage at the second technical timeout. The Americans increased the scoring run to four with a Brazil error out of the break for a 17-8 advantage. Murphy followed Brazil's fifth error of the set with a kill to increase the gap to 19-8. The U.S. built the advantage to 22-9 with a Brazil error, Hodge kill and Gibbemeyer ace. Hodge put up a block and followed with an ace to secure the first set at 25-11. Hodge ended the set with six points as the Americans scored four blocks and four aces in the period.
The U.S. took a 4-1 lead with kills from Paolini, Murphy and Lichtman around a Brazil error. Brazil responded with two quick points to cut the gap to 4-3. The U.S. answered with a Paolini kill and Hill block at 6-3. Brazil checked with consecutive points to move back to within one at 6-5. Team USA regained a three-point cushion at 9-6 with an Adams kill and Murphy block. Brazil erased two points from deficit to close to 10-9. Team USA reached the second technical timeout leading 16-14 and held a 20-17 advantage following back-to-back Lichtman kills. However, Brazil answered with three straight points to knot the score at 20-all. Hill stopped the bleeding with a kill on each side of a 5-0 scoring run for the U.S. to end the set at 25-20. Paolini and Hill scored six points each and Lichtman added five points in the second set to lead the Americans.
While Brazil enjoyed an early 6-4 lead in the third set, it remained close as neither team held more than a two-point lead until the late stages. The U.S. came back to take a 14-12 advantage with a Murphy block after a Hill kill, only to have Brazil answer at 14-all. Brazil took the lead at 18-17 on an ace. However, the U.S. leveled the score at 18-all with a Lichtman kill and ace, then went into the lead at 19-18 on a Hagglund block. Team USA stretched its lead to 23-19 with a 4-0 run that included a block by Adams, ace by Paolini and kill by Murphy. Brazil scored two quick points to close to 23-21. The U.S. closed out the set at 25-22 with a Murphy kill. Adams scored five points with three blocks in the period.
2013 U.S. Women's National Volleyball Team Roster for Pan American Cup
# - Name (Position, Height, Hometown, College)
1 – Alisha Glass (S, 6-0, Leland, Mich., Penn State)
7 – Cassidy Lichtman (OH, 6-1, Poway, Calif., Stanford)
8 – Lauren Gibbemeyer (MB, 6-2, St. Paul, Minn., Minnesota)
11 – Megan Hodge (OH, 6-3, Durham, N.C., Penn State)
12 – Kayla Banwarth (L, 5-10, Dubuque, Iowa, Nebraska)
14 – Nicole Fawcett (Opp, 6-4, Zanesfield, Ohio, Penn State)
16 – Kim Hill (OH, 6-4, Portland, Ore., Pepperdine)
17 – Lauren Paolini (MB, 6-4, Ann Arbor, Mich., Texas)
20 – Jenna Hagglund (S, 5-10, West Chester, Ohio, Washington)
22 – Rachael Adams (MB, 6-2, Cincinnati, Ohio, Texas)
24 – Kristin Hildebrand (OH, 6-1, Orem, Utah, Stanford)
25 – Kelly Murphy (Opp, 6-2, Wilmington, Ill., Florida)
Head Coach: Karch Kiraly
Assistant Coaches: Reed Sunahara, Tom Black
Technical Coordinator: Joe Trinsey
Physiotherapist: Jill Wosmek
Team Manager: Rob Browning
2013 Pan American Cup Schedule
Pool Play (Times Listed as Pacific Time)
June 10: Argentina def. Puerto Rico 25-23, 25-21, 25-15 (at Callao – Pool A)
June 10: United States def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-13, 25-12, 25-13 (at Callao – Pool A)
June 10: Peru def. Costa Rica 25-19, 25-18, 25-16(at Iquitos – Pool B)
June 10: Cuba vs. Canada 21-25, 20-25, 25-21, 25-20, 15-13 (at Iquitos – Pool B)
June 10: Mexico def. Colombia 25-18, 25-23, 25-16 (at Huacho – Pool C)
June 10: Dominican Republic def. Brazil 21-25, 25-20, 25-21, 35-33 (at Huacho – Pool C)
June 11: Argentina def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-23, 25-18, 25-11 (at Callao – Pool A)
June 11: United States def. Puerto Rico 28-30, 23-25, 25-14, 25-17, 15-13 (at Callao – Pool A)
June 11: Canada def. Peru 25-19, 22-25, 25-20, 20-25, 15-11 (at Iquitos – Pool B)
June 11: Cuba def. Costa Rica 25-20, 25-14, 25-17 (at Iquitos – Pool B)
June 11: Dominican Republic def. Colombia 25-19, 25-14, 25-21 (at Huacho –Pool C)
June 11: Brazil def. Mexico 23-25, 25-16, 25-21, 25-15 (at Huacho – Pool C)
June 12: Puerto Rico def. Trinidad & Tobago 25-19, 25-18, 25-12 (at Callao – Pool A)
June 12: United States def. Argentina 25-17, 25-19, 25-22 (at Callao – Pool A)
June 12: Cuba def. Peru 19-25, 25-21, 20-25, 25-22, 15-12 (at Iquitos – Pool B)
June 12: Canada def. Costa Rica 25-18, 25-23, 25-19 (at Iquitos – Pool B)
June 12: Dominican Republic def. Mexico 25-17, 25-13, 25-18 (at Huacho – Pool C)
June 12: Brazil def. Colombia 25-11, 25-23, 25-18(at Huacho – Pool C)
Classification Rounds
June 14: Peru def. Mexico 20-25, 26-28, 25-20, 25-17, 16-14 (at Callao – 7-10 Classification, Match 19)
June 14: Puerto Rico def. Costa Rica 25-5, 25-14, 25-12 (at Lima – 7-10 Classification, Match 20)
June 14: Brazil def. Canada 25-20, 23-25, 25-13, 20-25, 15-9 (at Callao – Quarterfinals, Match 21)
June 14: Argentina def. Cuba 26-24, 25-22, 25-23 (at Lima – Quarterfinals, Match 22)
June 15: Trinidad & Tobago def. Mexico 25-17, 25-22, 26-24 (at Callao – 9-12 Classification, Match 23)
June 15: Colombia def. Costa Rica 35-33, 15-25, 20-25, 25-22, 15-6 (at Lima – 9-12 Classification, Match 24)
June 15: Cuba def. Peru 18-25, 25-16, 25-15, 25-16 (at Callao – 5-8 Classification, Match 25)
June 15: Puerto Rico vs. Canada, 6 p.m. (at Callao – 5-8 Classification, Match 26)
June 15: United States def. Brazil 25-11, 25-20, 25-22 (at Lima – Semifinals, Match 27)
June 15: Dominican Republic def. Argentina 25-18, 25-18, 25-11 (at Lima – Semifinals, Match 28)
June 16: Mexico vs. Costa Rica, 10 a.m. (at Callao – 11th/12th Place, Match 29)
June 16: Trinidad & Tobago vs. Colombia, noon (at Callao – 9th/10th Place, Match 30)
June 16: Peru vs. Loser Match 26, 4 p.m. (at Callao – 7th/8th Place, Match 31)
June 16: Cuba vs. Winner Match 26, 3 p.m. (at Lima, 5th/6th Place, Match 32)
June 16: Brazil vs. Argentina, 1 p.m. (at Lima, 3rd/4th Place, Match 33)
June 16: United States vs. Dominican Republic, 5 p.m. (at Lima, 1st/2nd Place, Match 34)


text:
Church Announcements
Area Church events & News
Send a link to a friend
The Spiritual
Life committee at Jefferson Street Christian Church is
hosting a Movie Night in the Christian Education
Building on Sunday, January 20th. There will be a
taco bar, popcorn, and the movie Bruce Almighty. Dinner
begins at 5:30 and the movie will begin at 6:30. Please come
and enjoy an evening of fun, food, and fellowship. Hope to
see you there.
Christian Church will be hosting the Lincolnland
Christian Men's Fellowship Monday, January 21, at 6:30p.m.
Speaker will be Paul Boatman. All men are invited to attend.
The Community is
invited to Open Arms Christian Fellowship on
Saturday, January 26 from 11:30 AM – 1:30 PM for
free adult clothes. Adult clothes, coats and shoes will be
available on a first come first serve basis. For more
information, contact the church office at 217-732-4800 or go
to our website at www.oacflincoln.com.
Christian Church will be hosting a free fun family event
on January 26th at 3:00p.m. featuring an
illusionist. Andrew Anderson is an illusionist from
Charleston, IL who captivates the audience and invites them
to participate, all the while teaching the gospel. It is for
Children, their family and friends. Children must be
accompanied by an adult. It is free to the public and
sponsored by the church's Family Ministry Team.
Christian Church would like to invite women to a six
week ladies bible study on Monday nights at 7:00
p.m. They will be reading the book: "The Story". The
Story is a book full of excerpts from God's Story, the
Bible, and thoughtfully placed in chronological order. Each
week they will discuss questions from the following week's
reading. Chantell Mills will also give strategies that will
help you to understand God's Story more fully. This session
is great for someone who has never studied the Bible before
and will rekindle the flame for God's Story for those who
have known this Story for many years. Sessions will start
Monday, January 28 and run thru Monday, March 11th. You
may contact Chantell for more details at 217-314-9101 or
Our KIDS' Closet
at Open Arms Christian Fellowship, 311 Broadway is
open the first Saturday of every month from 9 AM –
12 noon providing FREE Kids clothes to the community. On
Saturday, February 2 we are specifically having kids'
winter clothes, coats and shoes free on a first come first
serve basis. For more information, contact the church office
at 217-732-4800 or go to our website at www.oacflincoln.com.
OACF Valentine's Banquet
Are you looking for a Romantic Fun-filled night to celebrate
Valentine's Day with your sweetheart? We have a night
specially planned for you!! Join us for our 2013 Valentine's
Banquet at the Elks Club on Sunday, February 10
from 6:00 – 10:00 PM. Dinner will be served at 6:00 PM.
This unforgettable night will consist of a buffet style meal
including Roast Boneless Pork Loin with Honey Mustard Glaze,
Pulled Chicken BBQ, Party Potatoes, Whole Baby Carrots,
Tossed Salad, and Assorted Cakes! Decorations and Dinner
music will provide the perfect atmosphere for you and your
sweetheart! Immediately following the dinner will be game
time! You will laugh, laugh and laugh some more! Then you
can sweep your sweetheart off their feet again as you step
on the dance floor. Fast dance, slow dance, old moves, new
moves…moves you didn't even know you have. Each couple will
receive a picture. Tickets are only $15.00 apiece. If you
want to purchase tickets or for more information, call Open
Arms Christian Fellowship at 217-732-4800. The deadline is
Sunday, February 3.
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text:
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clean + simple. so lightweight that you can barely feel it contour to your unique head shape. Single layer, seamless with a raw edge that doesn't roll up when you over stretch it. No extra bulky fabric, seams, elastic, or sticky silicone strips. The headband is 3.5" wide at the front and tapered in the back.
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our original non-slip headband with a kick. Antimicrobial agents have been incorporated into the fibers of this fabric. This inhibits the growth of bacteria, germs, and viruses, and means your headband won't get stinky if you put in in your gym bag after a sweaty class, and it won't make you break out.
ultra lightweight. seamless. this luscious & soft 4-way stretch fabric wicks away moisture, pulling sweat from your head and allowing it to evaporate, so it wont soak up sweat and become hot, heavy or stretched out.
— s i z e —
the headband measures 18" around but stretches to over 26". One-size-fits-most, these headbands fit both youth and adults comfortably. If your headband doesn't fit we will resize it for you for free!
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your new headband will keep you looking flawless during your sweatiest bootcamp class and worst hair days. Designed to be worn over top of your hairline - half on your forehead, half on your hair. Comfortably contours to the unique shape of your head and when worn correctly, will never slip backward. Ever. (Not even in Shirshasana.)
— w a s h i n g —
To preserve the newness of your headband, we recommend hand-washing and laying your printed headband flat to dry. High heat dryers and fabric softener can potentially damage the print on the headband, and washing in a machine risks other garments bleeding color onto your headband (especially if the color is light). By hand-washing and laying flat to dry they'll stay looking brand new forever. do not bleach or iron.
If you're unsatisfied for whatever reason, send your headbands back for a refund. Easy peasy.
© Manda Bees 2014. All rights reserved.


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[UPDATE: Just to clarify, according to the WHOIS information genealogyplace.info "appears" to be owned by a different person than the owner of treegenealogy.info which is thankfully now shut down and pointing to a default website place holder used by Host Gator. I find it highly suspicious however that both sites originate from Singapore, both have popped up recently, both are using the same banner graphic, and both are stealing content from the genealogy community. Coincidence? You decide.]
Well I've tried to play nice with Nirubama Manikantan, owner of The Genealogy Place at genealogyplace.info. But not only has Mr. Manikantan ignored my cease and desist emails about stealing content from GeneaBloggers.com (see below) but he continues to steal content – the latest is from my High-Definition genealogy blog right here and specifically this post. Here is the stolen content.
Thanks to Google Alerts and the use of pingbacks on all my blogs, I realized my content was being stolen. Here's the story:
Offender: The Genealogy Place
The latest violator – a site called The Genealogy Place (http://genealogyplace.info) which is registered to a Nirubama Manikantan. Here is the email I just sent to him last week:
Hello Mr. Manikantan
I am the owner of GeneaBloggers.com and via Google Alerts this morning I found that my recent blog posts have been used at the Tree Genealogy Info (http://treegenealogy.info/) website which, according to the WHOIS record, is owned by you, Nirubama Manikantan:
Domain ID:D44166732-LRMS
Domain Name:TREEGENEALOGY.INFO
Created On:19-Nov-2011 11:38:07 UTC
Last Updated On:18-Jan-2012 20:39:08 UTC
Expiration Date:19-Nov-2012 11:38:07 UTC
Sponsoring Registrar:GoDaddy.com LLC (R171-LRMS)
Status:CLIENT DELETE PROHIBITED
Status:CLIENT RENEW PROHIBITED
Status:CLIENT TRANSFER PROHIBITED
Status:CLIENT UPDATE PROHIBITED
Registrant ID:CR98476624
Registrant Name:Nirubama Manikantan
Registrant Organization:
Registrant Street1:Blk 796, #03-3370
Registrant Street2:Yishun Ring Road
Registrant Street3:
Registrant City:Singapore
Registrant State/Province:Singapore
Registrant Postal Code:760796
Registrant Country:SG
Registrant Phone:+62.571294
Registrant Phone Ext.:
Registrant FAX:
Registrant FAX Ext.:
Registrant Email:email@example.com
The post in question is: http://treegenealogy.info/2012/new-genealogy-blogs-march-10-2012-geneabloggers
I am formally requesting that you immediately remove these posts from your site on the basis that they violate the copyright on my intellectual property. You have stolen my content without my permission. Your use of GeneaBloggers content does not fall within the Fair Use doctrine of US Copyright laws. In addition, you are using your own name as author on all of these articles giving the impression that this is your content.
Please remove all GeneaBloggers content immediately and no later than 5:00 pm Central Daylight Time, Friday, March 26 and email confirmation to me at firstname.lastname@example.com once content is removed. You may also reimburse me at the rate of $500 per article if you choose. Either way, please let me know which option you choose.
If content is not removed by 5:00 pm Central Daylight Time, Friday, March 26, I will pursue all legal remedies including filing a DMCA complaint with Google and with your Internet service provider, Host Gator.
Finally, I am notifying many of my colleagues in the genealogy industry from whom you've also misappropriated content. Since such theft on your site is so pervasive, I will most likely need to alert my community of over 2,500 genealogy bloggers via blog post at GeneaBloggers and have them check your site for their own content. GeneaBloggers has a long history of representing its members in the fight against splogs and content theft – please see http://www.geneabloggers.com/tag/content-theft/ for past occasions where we have successfully won each and every case of content theft.
Please email me if you have any questions.
(Note: Manikantan has treegenealogy.info registered as well as genealogyplace.info. Genealogy bloggers are encouraged to use/copy the above text as the basis of a cease and desist notice to any sploggers caught using your content).
The Offense
The Genealogy Place is stealing content from genealogy bloggers. It is copying entire posts and it not linking back to the original post. In addition, the site appears to be making a profit from affiliate advertising, Google AdSense, links, etc.
What Can You Do?
Contact Nirubama Manikantan at email@example.com using the WHOIS information listed above. Use a cease and desist notice and tell Manikantan that your original content is being used and your copyright violated.
Insist that he remove your content or you will contact The Genealogy Place's web hosting company (Host Gator) and file a DMCA complaint. Click here to learn how to file a complaint with Host Gator (you must mail or fax the complaint letter).
Also file a DMCA complaint with the advertisers displayed at The Genealogy Place (here is a link to the Google AdSense DMCA complaint form).
I also recommend, if possible, that you post at the comments for each post using your content and link back to this post. At the very least, they've been "called out" here at GeneaBloggers and this info will show up in Google search results.
It isn't playing fair when you have to steal content from others who have worked so hard to document their genealogy journey.
Don't forget our the resource page at GeneaBloggers on Blog Copyright and Content Theft!
I will always fight the good fight against opportunists who want to ride the current wave of popularity surrounding family history and only take from our community without giving back.
© 2012, copyright Thomas MacEntee


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Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
Happy Easter to all my Christian brothers and sisters :)
Most people in the West do not know that Hazrat Muhammad al-Ghazali (may Allah keep his secret), who was called The Proof of The Faith, collected and authenticated several of the original saying of Isa ibn Mariyam (Jesus the son of Mary) in Aramaic (the language that Jesus spoke) and translated them into Arabic.
In al Ghazali's time, 10th -11th century CE, there were still Christians who were unaffected by the doctrines of Paul. The Church founded by Judas Thomas for instance, was still strong in Syria and protected by the Khalifate.
It was written in the original Gospel:
Isa ibn Mariyam (AS) said:
Seek what you do not Know only after you
have put into practice what you do Know.
The disciples of Isa ibn Mariyam (AS) came to him and asked;
"O spirit of Allah, is there anyone else like you alive in our time?"
He replied: "Yes indeed, Whoever has the dhikr of Allah in his heart,
and is silent in thought, and who learns from what is given,
surely that one is like me."
Isa ibn Mariyam (AS), asked his people:
"Where do you find a plant growing?"
They replied: "In the dust of the earth."
He said: "By Al Haqq, I will tell you,
Marifat (Gnosis) does not grow except in a heart
that is like the dust of the earth."
Isa ibn Mariyam (AS) met a man and asked him what his profession was.
The man replied: "I worship Allah."
Isa (AS) then asked: 'Who feeds and clothes you while you worship?"
"My brother," The man replied.
Isa (AS) said: "Your brother's worship is better than your own."
Isa ibn Mariyam (AS) met three people while traveling,
They were pale and thin with fasting.
He asked them: "What has caused this state in you?"
They said: "Fear of the punishment of Allah"
Isa (AS) replied: "Allah has taken it upon Himself to lessen your fear."
He continued on a ways and came across three more
who were pale and thin with fasting, even more than the last.
He asked them: "What has caused this state in you?"
They answered: "Desire for Allah's rewards"
Isa (AS) said: "Allah has taken it upon Himself to give you what you long for."
Once again in his travels Isa ibn Mariyam (AS) came across yet another three who were pale and thin with fasting. Their faces shone as if they were lit from within.
So he asked them: "What is the cause of your state?"
They answered: "We love Allah, the Mighty, the Glorious."
Whereupon he replied: "You are the nearest, and nearer still!"
The companions of Isa ibn Mariyam (AS) said to him:
"Look at this temple, is it not beautiful?"
Isa (AS) replied: "My people,
by al Haqq I tell you, Allah does not leave this temple standing
except to destroy it by the sins of it's inhabitants.
Surely, Allah does not care about gold and silver,
He does not care about this building that you admire so.
What Allah, the Most High loves are good hearts.
Allah inhabits the heart that remembers Him and He desolates
the heart that does not."
Isa ibn Mariyam (AS),
passed by a group of men who shouted evil things at him.
In return Isa (AS) spoke to them with kindness.
His companions asked:
"Why did you reply to these men with kindness when they spoke evil to you?"
Isa (AS) replied: "Everyone spends from the coin he has."
The song of Isa ibn Mariyam (AS)
My meal is fasting,
my standard is awe of Allah.
My clothing is of simple wool,
my prayer in winter is at suns rise.
My lamp is moonlight,
My steed is my legs.
My meal is whatever the earth gives me.
I lay down to sleep at night and have nothing,
I awake in the morning and have nothing,
yet there is no one richer than I.
– From The Traceless Warrior Blog. Commentary and English versions translated by Mushtaq Ali al Ansari. Copyright 1999. All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Ya Haqq!


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After hiring seven head football coaches in a 16-year span South Lenoir is looking for some stability out of its next coach.
The Blue Devils feel they�ve found that in Ken Grantham.
DEEP RUN � After hiring seven head football coaches in a 16-year span South Lenoir is looking for some stability out of its next coach.
The Blue Devils feel they�ve found that in Ken Grantham.
South Lenoir has hired Grantham to be its next head football coach, the school announced on Thursday. Grantham comes to the school after spending the last five seasons as the head coach at Greene Central and the six before that leading the program at Nash Central.
Although the Rams relieved Grantham of his coaching duties after last season, South Lenoir feels it is getting exactly what it wants in Grantham � a long-term commitment to the school and a coach who cares about the student-athlete�s lives in aspects other than athletics.
�He is a perfect fit for us at South Lenoir. He cares about the kids. He genuinely cares about the student-athlete as a student-athlete and their future,� Blue Devils Athletic Director Lisa Smith said. �He�s got a lot to offer our school. He�s got a lot of knowledge. And I think that he will do great things at South Lenoir.�
Grantham began his teaching and coaching tenure at South Lenoir on Thursday and takes over for Tim Jenkins, who led the program for one season last fall before leaving to be a teacher, baseball coach and an assistant football coach at East Duplin.
Before he began his first official day with the Blue Devils, Grantham knew about their continuity woes. Not only is he the eighth head coach hired at South Lenoir since Jimmy Smith coached his last game in 1996, but he�s the 12th different coach hired since the school opened in 1964.
Even though things didn�t go as planned Grantham had intended on living out his working days at Greene Central. Now at South Lenoir, he plans on doing the same there.
�I know there has been a lot of transition in the football program. � It�ll be a good place to build a program. At this stage in my career right now, I�m not using it as a stepping stone to go on to places bigger and better,� Grantham said. �I�ve been around a couple of places and done my thing. I see potential there, and one of the things they�ve missed and have been missing is that consistency and continuity in the football program. I can be that guy that can come in and do that.�
Grantham�s Greene Central teams won just 14 games in five seasons, playing in one of the toughest football conferences in the state.
While his 14-41 record in Snow Hill isn�t exactly stellar, it�s the care Grantham had for Greene Central and its students that sold Blue Devils administration more than anything.
�That�s what we want in coaches. Yes, we want to win � there�s no doubt there. We want coaches with knowledge, but we also want coaches who care about what the future holds for these kids, not just as athletes but as citizens and what it takes to be successful in life,� Smith said.
The offensive system Grantham employed at Nash Central and Greene Central had an option base. Last season, the Rams ran the triple-option.
As of right now Grantham plans on bringing the option to Deep Run, but isn�t sure in what capacity yet.
�Knowing me and my background I�m going to probably run some sort of option, and I think it�ll fit in well for the kids we have here from the outside looking in. � But how we�re going to do it will depend on the personnel,� he said.
�For some of the kids, this is going to be their third head coach since they�ve been in high school, so it�s going to be a tough transition for them to have to go through it all over again.�
Grantham is simply excited to lead a new era of South Lenoir football and is ready to get to work.
After learning the ropes on Thursday, he will begin by getting his players in shape in the weight room, which he now manages.
�As a person that grew up in Greene County there was always something about South Lenoir that I thought stood out from some of the other schools,� he said. �You always had big, tough kids that would work hard. They may not have been as athletic as some of the area teams but there just seemed to be some untapped potential there that you could do something with.
�I just see a lot of positives there and I look forward to being a part of it.�
Ryan Herman can be reached at 252-559-1073 or email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter: @KFPSports.


text:
Sponsorship Opportunities Available for NorthBay Tennis TournamentJune 05, 2019Get in the game with sponsorship opportunities large and small for the 2019 NorthBay Healthcare Men's Pro Championship.
The United States Tennis Association $100,000 Challenger Series returns to Solano County for a fifth straight year Oct. 7-13 at Solano Community College. Sponsor benefits include year-round signage on the college campus courts, live stream public service announcements on the internet during the tournament, space in the annual printed program and Inside Tennis Magazine, and links to the tournament website.
Sponsors also get a number of tickets and VIP seating for matches and mixers, and an opportunity to play alongside Challenger players in a pro-am event that proceeds the tournament.
NorthBay Healthcare holds the title sponsorship for the third consecutive year. Levels still available include Presenting Sponsor ($15,000), Platinum Sponsor ($7,500), Gold Sponsor ($5,000), Silver Sponsor ($2,000), Bronze Sponsor ($1,000) and Community Sponsor ($200). All sponsorships are tax deductible.
Some of the best up-and-coming professional tennis players from the United States and over a dozen countries will compete. These elite athletes battle locally for a competitive purse and rankings points on a world tennis stage. They do so in front of courtside fans and a global audience on live-stream broadcasts.
The Fairfield tournament is the final leg of the men's worldwide USTA Challenger tour through Northern California. It is a rare pro tournament of its kind in the United States. Best of all for sponsors, it is a great chance to reach a large audience eager to watch professional sports up close in Fairfield.
The tournament brings focus to Fairfield, Solano County and to Solano Community College itself. It also supports a worthy local cause. The tournament benefits the Dr. Chris Cammisa Tennis and Education Foundation, an organization that supports the women's and men's tennis teams at Solano College and also brings tennis and an education program to local, underserved youth.
Last year, children from the Leaven were able to participate in the USTA's Net Generation Program, a fun, interactive introduction to tennis.
This year's tournament features a draw of 48 elite singles players and 16 doubles teams. For sponsorship opportunities, contact tournament director Phil Cello by phone (707) 853-0915 or email email@example.com, or co-tournament director Rafael Rovira (707) 246-0990, or email at email@example.com.
The tournament website can be found at FairfieldProTennis.com.
Contact:Matt Miller(707) 689-2218
Upcoming Events


text:
A collection of all kinds of things.
Neither accept - nor reject! ENJOY !
Even though I try to give credit for all the images shown here - unfortunately I lost track of where I found most of those images. They all come from the depth of the World Wide Web ... and they are believed to be public domain. If you find an image which should not be here - please let me know. I will remove it immediately.
Kommentar posten


text:
U.S. Rep. Bobby Rush said Kamala Harris was "the only candidate prepared to fight for all Americans against a Trump administration that has left them behind."
There were more than 50 shootings this past weekend in Chicago. Despite that, the total number of shootings in the city is at its lowest point since 2015, police say.
Iran acknowledged Monday it had broken the limit set on its stockpile of low-enriched uranium by the 2015 nuclear deal, marking its first major departure from the unraveling agreement a year after the U.S. unilaterally withdrew from the accord.
Watch the July 1, 2019 full episode of "Chicago Tonight."
If you want to see wildflowers in and around Chicago, photographer Mike MacDonald will tell you where to go – and when – for the most glorious blooms.
Mayor Lori Lightfoot has appointed the city's first "chief risk officer." What exactly does that job entail – and how will it save Chicago millions of dollars a year?
After four years of conversations with the Holocaust survivor and Nobel Peace Prize winner, the Chicago Tribune jazz and classical music critic wrote a book. Howard Reich joins us to discuss "The Art of Inventing Hope: Intimate Conversations with Elie Wiesel."
If Chicago wants to ease its pension problems, it'll need $1 billion in new taxes over the next three years. But Mayor Lori Lightfoot reportedly has another plan up her sleeve.
In 2017, digital news publication The Triibe launched with the goal of reshaping the media narrative of black Chicago. Now, the outlet is venturing into print media with the release of the 2019 Triibe Guide.
If you filled up your gas tank Monday, you may have noticed it got pricier. What's behind that bump, and what other new laws are going into effect at the start of Illinois' new fiscal year.


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Austerity isn't working; in fact it is simply exacerbating the deep crisis that Spain finds itself in. None of the mainstream parties have come up with a programme that can put an end to this crisis. Here we publish the programme of the Spanish Marxists of Lucha de Clases.
[First published in Spanish 14th September 2012; translated by Sian Creely]
The crisis of capitalism has revealed the solutions to the crisis that both the bourgeois and social democratic parties have reserved for workers and the poorest sections of society. In the context of Spain today, the only alternative that the capitalists and their political representatives can offer is for us to pay the loan-shark debts of big business and the banks with the real wealth that we as workers create.
In Izquierda Unida (United Left) we as Lucha de Clases (Class Struggle) put forward the need to develop a programme that will meet the immediate interests of the working class and the poorest sections of society. Such a programme begins with the following points:
- Get rid of the laws and counter-reforms being used against the working class – measures that have gone hand in hand with the cuts in social spending.
- No closure of any company. Any company that closes shall be immediately nationalised under the democratic control of the workers.
- The introduction of a minimum wage of 1,000 Euros a month, the same as the minimum pension
- The same amount of 1,000 Euros to be paid to every adult who is unemployed.
- The whole of the banking and finance sector should be nationalised into one public bank, not to absorb losses and to be promptly privatised again, as the PSOE and PP hope to do with the Cajas (Savings Banks), but rather to take control of all their assets and use them in the interests of the majority.
- The banks hold a large quantity of empty housing. These should be nationalised and used to create a stock of social housing and rented out for no more than 10% of household income. Mortgage payments (past, present or future) should also be limited to no more than 10% of household income and should be frozen in cases of unemployment. In this way housing shall be guaranteed as a basic right.
- A thorough investigation should be carried out into the banking system and into companies that have gone into "temporary receivership": the accounts of such companies should be opened to the workers NOW, in order to discover where the profits went during the property bubble, and all of those involved in corruption scandals, illegal financing of political parties, etc. associated with the speculative bubble to be brought to justice. Such an investigation should be carried out by representatives of the Platform for those Affected by Mortgages, workers in the banking sector and their union representatives.
- The Public Debt should be written off with small investors only compensated in cases of proven need.
- Given the obvious incompetence and irresponsibility demonstrated by big business and bankers, we demand the nationalisation of the basic sectors of economy and industry, starting with the companies of the IBEX-35, compensating small savers and shareholders only in the case of proven need. Only in this way, by controlling these resources through the workers and the representatives elected by them in different companies, will the state be able to undertake a democratic plan of production to guarantee the well-being of the majority. In this way it would be possible to reduce the working day in order to share out the work that is available so that everyone is able to work 35 hours a week without loss of pay. At the same time, the state would have the power to undertake an ambitious plan of investment and public works in all sectors of the economy, to give work to the 5.6 million unemployed and make them economically active, thereby assuring better health, pensions and social services in general.
- Decent public healthcare and education for everyone. Pensions and social rights for all residents of Spain.
- Recognition of the democratic rights of the different nationalities of Spain, including the right to self-determination.
- Another Europe is possible, a Europe that defends the overwhelming majority of the population. No to the Europe of the bankers and the rich! This is the mood that prevails in Greece, and is also what defeated Sarkozy in France. This idea can unite the immense majority of the current population of the EU. The only solution for Europe is the Socialist United States of Europe!


text:
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- Machine wash and dry.
- Imported.
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Select the 'FREE' option
- $7 flat rate for orders under $50
- FREE returns and exchanges on all orders
- No returns or exchanges on final sale items
- By mail: To create a prepaid UPS or USPS return shipping label, use our interactive returns process
- In store: with shipping confirmation email (printed or on mobile device) and card used for purchase


text:
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Beginning with the 2010-2011 Academic Year, Florida Keys Community College began participating in the Federal Direct Loan Program and all student and parent loans are processed through the Federal Department of Education. Students and parents do not choose a bank. All federal loans are disbursed directly from the Federal Department of Education to the institution.
Loans are funds that students apply for that have to be paid back. There are a variety of loans available, some are better for the borrower than others.
- Federal Direct Loans that require a FAFSA application to apply.
- Students must be enrolled in a minimum of 6 credit hours to be eligible to receive loans. Students with courses that begin later in a given term will not receive loans until they begin a total of 6 credit hours.
- Repayment on Direct Loans doesn't start until 6-months after the student leaves school.
- Subsidized Direct Loans have no interest while the student is in school at least half-time. **Not all students qualify for Subsidized loans.**
- Unsubsidized Direct Loans accrue interest while the student is in school.
- Parent PLUS Loans are Federal loans that a parent can apply for their child's education. FKCC requires that a FAFSA application be completed to be eligible.


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Former Partridge Family teen idol David Cassidy's 2011 stint on The Celebrity Apprentice wasn't exactly boast-worthy, but it did get the guy noticed by CBS.
Cassidy, 62, will turn up on an upcoming episode of CSI as a man named Mr. Coe. The character is described as a veteran poker player who is desperately trying to hold on to his fading youth. He has undergone massive injections of Botox, which has given him the added ability of maintaining a 'poker face' at the gambling tables.
Is that cheating? And what price might Mr. Coe pay for trying to pull a fast one on the pit boss? We'll find out in the episode, tentatively scheduled to air on Feb. 27.
Cassidy's last high-profile network guest spots were a 2005 episode of Less Than Perfect and a 2003 appearance on Malcolm in the Middle.