text:
It only takes a few minutes for kids to overheat in hot car
It only takes minutes for a car to heat up to dangerous temperatures, and if children are left inside, it can be deadly.
"They may not be sweating like adults would. They may just be confused or quieter that usual. They may just not be acting their normal self," said Dr. Matthew Deluhery of Wheaton Franciscan Elmbrook Hospital.
Life can be busy. Throw kids into the mix and parents like Kyle Wam have their hands full.
But dad said when he runs errands, his 2-year-old always comes with, especially in this dangerous heat.
"There's no reason to leave him in the car. He's not that big of a trouble," Wam said.
But Erin Donaldson with Wheaton Franciscan's Safe Kids Program said accidents happen, and if babies or young children are left in a car, heat stroke can set in quick.
"The temperatures in the cars can raise 19 degrees per 10 minutes, so even if you have a 70-degree day, in 10 minutes in the sun, it can truly reach 90 degrees," Donaldson said.
So WISN 12 News did an experiment. The air was been on in a SUV. It was a comfortable 71 degrees. They turned the car off and set the sensor in the car seat and started the timer.
After 15 minutes, the temperature inside the car was now the same as it was outside -- 89 degrees. After 20 minutes, it was hotter inside the car than it is outside. After 35 minutes, it was 100 degrees inside the car.
Barb Ribeau said her granddaughter's safety is always top priority.
"It's too hot in there. Never, never would I leave them in the car alone," Ribeau said.
Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare said since 2005, seven kids in Wisconsin have died from being left in a hot car.


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Why Are Most Weibo Accounts Empty?
A recent study found that nearly 60% of accounts on China's Sino Weibo microblogging platform are empty. University of Hong Kong professor King-Wa Fu, who authored the study, says 5% of Weibo users dominate the majority of conversations on the site.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Papeles de población
versão On-line ISSN 2448-7147versão impressa ISSN 1405-7425
Pap. poblac vol.16 no.65 Toluca Jul./Set. 2010
The migratory flows in Spain: an analysis of the migration and immigration input from European Union
Flujos migratorios en España: análisis de los flujos de migración e inmigraciones de la Unión Europea
Jesús A. ValeroMatas*, Juan R. Coca** & Sergio MirandaCastañeda*
* Universidad de Valladolid. Email: email@example.com
** Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Este artículo fue:
Recibido: 11 de agosto de 2010
Aprobado: 23 de agosto de 2010
External migration has always been present in Spanish history. Few years ago Spanish people has migrated to LatinAmericans and Europe countries. Now, as Spain has ceased to be a sender of immigrants and has become a receiver of such, it may seem that emigration no longer exists at all. Reality tells us differently Also Spain. especially since 1986 (when it joined the European Union) has meant a largescale transformation went from being a country of emigrants to a country of immigrants. In this article we show this process and the social consequences of this one.
Key words: Spain, emigrants, immigrants, labour.
La migración externa siempre ha estado presente en la historia de España. Hace pocos años los españoles migraban a América Latina y a países Europeos. Ahora, cuando España ha dejado de ser emisor de inmigrantes y se ha convertido en receptor, puede parecer que la emigración no existe en absoluto. La realidad demuestra lo contrario; también España, en especial a partir de 1986 (cuando se incorpora a la Unión Europea) ha significado una transformación a gran escala, de ser un país de migrantes a un país de emigrantes. En este artículo mostramos este proceso y sus consecuencias sociales.
Palabras clave: España, emigrantes, inmigrantes, trabajo.
The migration process is an essential part of human society. Since the beginning of humanity people have moved from one place to another. Yet external migration associated with the search for employment reached its highest point beginning in the 19th century approximately 42 Millions of persons (CarrSaunders, 1936) and since then the levels have not stopped growing. These migrations have not always behaved in the same way, ñor have they had the same ebbs and flows. producing cycles with varying intensities.
If we carry out a chronological analysis on global migration, we must speak of four distinct periods. These are the second half of the 19th century, early 20th century, after the Second World War, and the late 20th century to today. Possibly, as Castles and Miller (2003) pointed out, the 21st century may well be the century with the highest levels of external migration. The previously stated periods of migration each behaved in a characteristic way, either due to the size of the group or to the sending and receiving countries.
The second half of the 19th century was marked by the departure of Europeans to the New World. This can be considered as the beginning of customary migration, especially directed toward the United States due to the need to develop a growing economic society, and with great expectations. Something similar occurred with Latin American countries, where Spaniards perceived a source of development that did not exist in Spain at the time. The late 19th and early 20th centuries led to an immigration explosion that possibly, until this moment, was the period with the highest volume of immigrants more or less about 60 millions (Davis, 1936). This flow of immigrants was marked by people from the old continent, including both industrialized and industrializing nations: the U.K., Ireland, Italy, Germany, Spain, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Russia, etc. The industrial revolution in the United Kingdom and other continental European countries began to make a dent in the production sector. Less manual labour led to the displacement of workers, which in turn led to unemployment and generated a large amount of surplus labour. Faced with this adverse environment and without future expectations, workers looked to America, where population pressure did not exist and industrial growth did. Canada, the United States, Argentina and Brazil would be a means of escape for citizens of the old continent, seeming to them a solution for Europe's problems. Undoubtedly, this led to a significant population transfer from Europe to America, substantially raising the population growth rate in the receiving countries.
After the Second World War, the situation in Europe, wartorn, with a decimated population who yet had great hopes of future prosperity, gave rise to a new shift of people within the old continent. Citizens of lessindustrialized countries with deep social and labour issues would be the people who rebuilt old Europe. The new migratory wave would come from Mediterranean European countries and the north of Africa. Undoubtedly, the European war once again changed destiny as well as the migration model. No longer were people solely migrating to the New World; rather, they also came to old Europe, which was closer.
Finally, in the late 20th century, socalled globalization has caused a major migratory movement at a planetary level. The "advanced" countries were receiving large numbers of people fleeing poverty and seeking a better life. These migratory movements were composed not just of people with many transfers over long distances, but are also of significant regional movements, from Honduras to Mexico, from Peru to Chile, and so on. We can look at the flood of immigrants who have arrived in Spain since the early 90s, which still continues. However, the economic crisis and more restrictive immigration policies of the UE have reduced the amount of people who try to settle in Spain (Ilies, 2009).
Spanish emigration
External migration has always been present in Spanish history, so much so that it can be said that the Spanish people are born learning to emigrate. Since the reconquest of Spain, Spanish citizens have been marked by their population mobility. During the period of the reconquest, an important contingent of people emerged from the Cantabrian mountain range (called the "Foramontanos Route"), distributed themselves throughout Spain, and repopulated the reconquered land. (internal migration) Later, in the Middle Ages, another reason to migrate emerged. The discovery of America made it necessary to explore and establish colonies in the American territory. Once again, the people of Spain begin to migrate. The external mobility of Spaniards did have negative consequences, one of which was depopulation of the interior of the continent for new land in the new continent.
In the late 19th century, coinciding with the Spanish subsistence crisis, the first major wave of the Spanish population overseas occurred. A second largescale flow would take place in the early 20th century. The economic recession of '29 and the Spanish Civil War slowed the wave of Spanish immigrants, however. The war forced many to flee their homes, especially in Republican Spain. These people would launch a diaspora due to persecution and fear of reprisal. Even so, migratory movements to the New World are still being triggered today, but with much less intensity with respect to previous eras. Emigration to Latin America practically stopped in the 1950s. World War II reversed the fate of Spanish emigrants. It wasn't necessary to go so far because our European neighbours needed labour. The migratory direction was now directed toward industrialized Europe. It wouldn't be until the early 60s to mid70s when the largest contingent of Spaniards left for other parts of Europe, just over two million. The main cause of this migration process was the Stabilization Plan of Franco's government. The industrialization programs, the need to bring remittances from abroad, and field technologization caused thousands of people to seek a future outside our borders. Spanish industry could not absorb the surplus labour —there was a type of repulsion— yet existed an attractiveness about Europe.
The departure of the workingage population had a positive effect. About 10 percent of Spanish workingage left the country. What implied that a significant number of people will not press on the labour market, avoiding problems the state for its inability to absorb the workforce. And again, their wages sent a party to Spain, fattening and favouring the Spanish economy (Garmendia, 1981: 75).
Although in the 1960s migration to Latin American was reduced, many Spaniards still kept migrating to the former colonies. Work opportunities and language skills both helped. Mostly, they set out for Argentina and Venezuela. Between 1968 and 1975 Venezuela would be the final destination for almost 50% of Spanish immigrants (Palazón, 1998: 42).
The skilled labour needed by some Latin American countries made it so that skilled professionals, technicians, artisans, and industrial workers set out for America. Those initial immigrants often had disparate goals. In some cases, they thought they would only be there for a short period of time, just enough time to earn enough money and return to Spain. Others, however, looked to set down roots and to begin a new life. Time and labourrelated circumstances would frustrate such aims for many of them. Moreover, many of the immigrants began the adventure with their families in tow, thus substantially reducing the possibility of a return migration.
Spanish emigration to other parts of Europe involved a different sort of attitude. Most of this migration was based upon the need for peasant labour. European countries only wanted an active population, however, and in very few cases did they allow the worker to enter with his or her family too. This rule was in the restrictions imposed by the receiving countries who only wanted active labourers free from family burdens. Great Britain impeded workers with families from entering the country at all. Germany imposed serious obstacles to inactive labourers (i.e., the family). France was more permissive and allowed workers to move with their families in tow. For this reason, there is a higher migrant population in the country.
The occupations of Spanish workers were very different. In Germany, they performed their tasks in the iron, chemical, and textile industry. In England, they were directed more toward catering and domestic service. In Holland, they mainly worked in the metal industry, but some worked in the textile sector. In Switzerland, the bulk of workers were concentrated in construction and, to a lesser degree, the hospitality industry. In France and Belgium, however, they were all distributed equally in lowskilled sectors: industry, hospitality, construction, domestic service, and a small percentage in agriculture. As noted by Meseguer (1975: 412).
Spanish emigrants, on the other hand, always show at least minimal professional capacity, occupy a lower status within the European professional scale; most are employed in industry, not as skilled labourers, but as unskilled labourers or in jobs requiring few skills/a rapid learning curve.
Unlike those who immigrated to Latin America, those who immigrated to other parts of Europe had many difficulties trying to integrate themselves in the foreign cultures. Language ignorance was a barrier to full integration. Housing was another negative factor because low supply and high cost caused immigrants to look for cheaper places with poor conditions. Some companies and employers provided workers with accommodation, but it was generally in barrackstyle housing meant for those who had come alone and not with their wives who also wished to work.
Discrimination at work was another unfavourable element for Spanish workers: they experienced wage gaps with native workers, lower wages, almost nonexistent relationships with local unions, and did not get the same benefits as the locals. Lack of formal preparation and difficulties with the language prevented them from being able to develop their labour skills as they natives did. Thus, due to their inability to compete for the higher positions, they occupied lowskilled positions. This pseudoislation was a catalyst for the creation of centres for Spanish workers, which were run by Spanish workers, and thus served as served as places for meetings and mutual support. They established links between workers and companies, and launched union activities and training.
The majority of Spanish emigrants, when they left their country, wanted to return someday. In fact, a migrant's need for a group of reference, while he or she is abroad, emphasizes his or her positive feelings toward his or her primary group and toward the local environment of his or her native country, reinforcing the desire to return (CazorlaGregory, 1998). Most immigrants did not establish social relations with the native population.
Their plan was generally based on working and saving, thinking of returning. Savings investments were handled differently by those immigrants who went to Latin America and the rest. The former used their savings to purchase land or small businesses, i.e., they were looking to the future. Meanwhile, immigrants in Europe or North America invested in housing, the education of their children, and business. Said ways of investing could be due to the societal perceptions of the host countries. In Latin America, like in Spain, owning land was something of great value; in Europe and in North America, housing, education, and business were becoming the main areas in which citizens invested. The Spanish immigrant, like any other, mimicked the behaviours of the host society.
Consequences of Spanish emigration
After the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish population grew very little. However, in the 60s, there was a dramatic rise in population —known as the Baby Boom— the population grew from 30 to 34 million people (Garmendia, 1981). The Stabilization Plan helped the migration process by reducing the wages of workers and increasing unemployment. Farm technologization displaced many farm workers to the city, looking for work, while others went abroad. One of the Plan's measures was to favour assisted emigration with the goal of receiving remittances from the emigrant, modernizing Spanish industry, and achieving full employment. This last goal was not achieved. However, emigration served to remedy the effects of unemployment and to calm the social situation in Spain.
There was no territorial immigration homogeneity. The largest contingents came from Galicia, the Canary Islands, Catalonia, Madrid, Asturias, and CastillaLeon. With regards to the State's interest in receiving foreign moneys and the postwar modernization of Spain, the State was not subject to a policy of equal investments for every region and even less to a policy of equal investment in the provinces of origin of the emigrants. The provinces that most benefitted were those with lower populations. Therefore, the State missed the opportunity to distribute wealth and create homogenous territorial development. Provincial savings banks encouraged this inequality because emigrants mainly deposited their savings in said banks and, instead of spending these funds in provincial development, the banks invested in other, more developed regions because they were able to obtain greater benefits in those regions.
State policy to favour assisted emigration didn't follow a qualitybased criterion, but a quantitybased one. The policy sent people to the countries with the highest labour demand, rather than more technologically advanced ones. Many of the workers weren't accepted because they didn't have the requested qualifications.
Spanish emigration today
As Spain has ceased to be a sender of immigrants and has become a receiver of such, it may seem that emigration no longer exists at all. Reality tells us differently. Spaniards continue to emigrate, but it is also true that their reasons are very different than they were in the past: travelling abroad to participate in the activities of Spanish businesses there, multinational contracts with foreign capital, research and international cooperation. Some are looking for job opportunities, while other look for a betterpaying job or just a job in general. At present, there are about 1 471 691 Spaniards working outside of Spain's borders (INE, 2009).
The settlement of the Spanish people abroad has been very heterogeneous, as seen in the graphic. Latin America has the highest concentration of Spanish immigrants. But even within Latin America, the distribution is very unequal. Argentina and Venezuela are the two countries where the majority chooses to live, with 300 376 and 158 122 Spaniards, respectively, while only 993 Spanish citizens live in El Salvador. The United States of America holds 66 979 Spanish citizens while living 9 612 Spaniards in Canada. Focusing on the European Union, we see a similar picture: France, the United Kingdom, and Germany are where the majority of Spaniards are concentrated, and in the rest of Europe, Switzerland has the number, with 87 670 (INE, 2009).
Spanish economic growth in recent years and the current recession have led many Spaniards to return home. The completion of construction projects or commercial and profit activities have also contributed to their return. Many Spanish companies have economic interests in Latin America, the United States, and Europe and evidently this involves the movement of personnel to those countries. If we look at the figure 2, we see that the largest return was in 2004 and that in the years corresponding to the recession, the amount of returnees has been lower. This is possibly due to the high amount of Spanish unemployment, the highest in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCDE).
The current context: immigration in Spain
Immigration has changed the social, cultural, and ethnic map in Spain. Economic development in Spain, especially since 1986, when it joined the European Union, has meant a largescale transformation. It went from being a country of emigrants to a country of immigrants. The transition to becoming a democracy began the process of economic and social movement. By then, foreigners who settled in Spain did not resemble the usual immigrants at that time, who immigrated for economic reasons, so they were called tourists. Social and climactic conditions contributed to their reasons for settling in Spain. These first few waves of foreigners share similar characteristics, being mainly retirees with high incomes. In fact, some parts of Mallorca, the Canary Islands, and Andalusia are mainly composed of foreigners who fit said profile.
Because for so many years immigration was not part of the Spanish social conscious, a myth has been formed that reduces immigrants to merely employmentrelated concerns—someone who is an immigrant must therefore be taking work from locals. Without a doubt, this stereotype, which extends from the 90s, has been a key part in the rejection of immigrants and immigration.
This type of thinking is present in the minds of many Spaniards, but it is well known that it has no basis in reality. As proven by Borjas (1993), native citizens benefit from immigration, mainly because immigrants provide complementary benefits for the production process. The benefits of immigrations will be greater the more immigrants' production differs from what the natives can produce by themselves. A second approach that dismantles this myth, it is the argumentation of Cachón (1997) that says that, in the advanced capitalist model, there is labour market segmentation, which leads to level differentiation. We speak of a twotiered market. There is the first level characterized by high salaries, good labour conditions, promotions, etc. Then there is the second level characterized by low wages, poor work conditions, uncertainty, attrition, etc. In the first level, we find the natives and those foreigners from EU or developed countries, and in the second level those from outside the EU with middle or lowlevel salaries. That is, those immigrants in the second level are recruited for the jobs that natives do not want, and serve as a "reserve army" for the junctures of the labour market. As indicated by Carlota Solé (2001: 32) there is some certain ethnics tratification in the Spanish labour market, wherein immigrants occupy the lower positions: domestic service, unskilled hospitality jobs, agriculture, construction labourers and retail, which are all jobs mostly shunned by native workers.
This shows no relation between immigration and local unemployment, as it was intended to do. Distrust creates a degree of uncertainty within the immigrant population and rejection among the natives.
Following this line of analysis, it should be indicated that as a result of the aging Spanish population and the structural changes in Spanish society, immigration is solving two problems: a) some of the economic and labour problems, filling jobs rejected by natives and contributing to the pension plans1, b) to a lesser extent, they have helped to repopulate some areas where depopulation was occurring as well as increase birth rates, as Spain has one of the lowest birth rates in Europe.
In the study of Spanish immigration, we must discuss two issues, a) different immigrant arrival periods, whether for political reasons or Spanish economic growth, and b) the size of the immigrant contingents, which does not show a homogeneity in the migration process. With regards to the first issue, there were various periods. The first, which we can cali the beginning (19751985), includes the first arrivals of immigrants, but Spain did not act as a receiving country during that period. In 1975, only 165 289 foreigners lived in Spain, and by 1985 that number had only increased to 241 975. Most of them were based either in Madrid or Barcelona. The second, or growth (19851995), phase was when Spain began to be seen as an immigrantreceiving country, since the number of arriving immigrants had doubled. Thus, the immigrant population went from 241 975 to 499 773. The third, or acceleration (19952007), period saw a huge increase in the number of foreigners, outstripping all prior expectations. From the 499 773 immigrants of the previous decade, the number rose to 3 979 014, which represented 8.5 per cent of the total population (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2008). At this time immigrants began to move to other geographical areas, due to the high concentration in large cities and the production needs of other Spanish regions. The autonomous regions, such as Murcia, Valencia, the Canary Islands, Andalusia, and, to a lesser extent, Navarra, Galicia, or CastillaLeon were all subject to a significant cultural transformation. The fourth, or maturity, period (20062009) saw the continued arrival of foreigners, but in much smaller numbers, due partly to the world financial crisis and the restrictive political policies of the European Union. Immigrants even began to talk about a return to their home countries, but such talk did not seem to be carried out. Instead, they began a process of internal mobility, looking for areas with a low immigrant presence.
We now must address the second criterion, the size of the contingents. According to RequesCos (2003), we speak of the European period because until 1990 most of the foreigners living in Spain were citizens of the EEC, now called the EU. From that year on, the Latin American explosion began, which to this day has been the largest contingent of foreign residents in Spain. Note that the arrival of Latin Americans followed a saw tooth evolution pattern. Initially, the first among them to move to Spain in the 70s did so for political reasons, and thus came from countries under dictatorships, like Cuba, Chile, Uruguay and Argentina. Until the mid90s, Argentineans made up the most numerous group with 20 000 immigrants. In the mid90s, a change occurred. Dominicans and Peruvians displaced the rest of Latin Americans, becoming, in the year 2000, the most numerous groups, mainly because women from these countries were arriving to work in domestic service.
Now, new migratory movements are emerging from other Latin American countries. This time, it will be the Ecuadorians and Colombians who, in 2008, will become the most numerous groups, with 421 527 and 274 832 people, respectively. In the nineties, a period of immigration explosion in Spain, Africans entered the scene with a bang, and in 2008 they became the second largest group of immigrants after the Latin Americans. Moroccans represent threequarters of Africans living in Spain (717 416 persons in 2008 of a total 922 635 African immigrants), followed distantly by Algerians and the Senegalese with 48 919 and 34 013 (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2009). Until the 90s, the presence of foreign Africans was basically insignificant. Once the 90s began, Africans' entrance into Spain was unceasing. The causes are multiple. In our view, three elements come together: 1) the difficulty of finding employment in France, a preferred destination for Moroccans, Algerians, and Tunisians, 2) the Spanish economic boom, and 3) the solidification of social support networks for immigrants. The labour niches occupied by these people were mainly in the agricultural and construction sectors.
In 2003, an important migratory movement began, originating in Eastern Europe. The countries of origins were varied. Romania sent the most. Domestic problems, low levels of industrialization, and the lack of prospects were all issues that caused many to leave, seeking work and better living conditions. Between 2003 and 2006, the transfer of humans from Romania to Spain was unceasing, doubling in just one year.
With the EU's expansion (2007), involving the integration of Romania and Bulgaria, the number of immigrants arriving per year went from 211 325 in 2006 to 603 889 in 2008. Something similar happened with Bulgarian citizens as well, but not to the same degree as with Romanians (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2009).
Asians make up the fourth continental group. Ever since the Spanish economic boom, they have been present in our human geography. In the 80s, Philippine natives established the diaspora, with women who came to work in domestic service making up a large part. In the late 20th century, China amended its immigration policy and embarked upon a new policy by encouraging and even urging its citizens to leave the country and send money back home. Spain would be one of their destinations, and in 2005 it would become the largest Asian group. Pakistanis also became a major presence, and since 2002 have been the second largest Asian group, forcing the Filipinos to third place.
Finally, we address the contingents from Oceania and North America. Residents in Spain from these countries are not very numerous, and these citizens are generally highly skilled and work with large companies. There are barely 18,000 Americans, 1 500 Australians, about 2000 Canadians, and about 500 New Zealanders (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2009).
Another issue that should be highlighted is the economic profiles of immigrants who have arrived in Spain during the last 20 years. In the 70s and 80s, most foreigners were characterized by their high education levels. That is, around 70 per cent were college educated or vocationally trained. By the 90s, the typical immigrant's profile was markedly different; there were usually people with a primary or secondarylevel education, and a low percentage of people with higher education. In addition, illiterate people started to arrive. This fact allows for two interpretations: on one hand, it justifies the ethnic stratification of the labour market because immigration allows immigrants to fill jobs tailored to their profiles. On the other hand, their professional limitations relegated them to precarious, lowskilled jobs.
Moreover, the geographical distribution of immigration in Spain is very varied, with threequarters in five autonomous regions: Catalonia, Madrid, Valencia, Andalusia, and the Canary Islands. Certainly, there are immigrants in all of Spain's autonomous regions. Social networks almost end up concentrating their people in specific areas. Most Latin American immigrants are located in Madrid, Catalonia, Valencia, Andalusia, and Murcia. For example, the largest group of Peruvians and Dominicans live in Madrid and Barcelona because their main work activities are channelled toward domestic service and hospitality. Ecuadorians are also located in the two big Spanish cities, but there exists a greater diversification, with two large colonies devoted to horticulture in Murcia and Andalusia. In the case of the immigrants from Eastern Europe, the largest number resides in three provinces: Madrid, Zaragoza, and Castellon, whose main labor activities are construction, industry, and agriculture, despite the fact that many of them have been educated in a university. As Viruela points out (2002: 14), between the Romanian citizens living in Castellon, there is a high proportion of people with professional occupations (economists, lawyers, engineers, doctors, nurses, teachers...). The Ukrainian contingent is located mostly in Madrid, Barcelona, and Alicante, and is devoted to activities related to hospitality, construction, and other servicerelated occupations. Moroccan immigrants reside in Barcelona, Madrid, and Murcia, and provide their labour in farm and constructionrelated work. In contrast, Algerians, who work in similar areas, have gone to cities such as Alicante, Valencia, and Zaragoza. Finally, Asians, with the Chinese making up the largest group, can be found in Barcelona, Madrid, and Valencia, with their labour activity concentrated in retail trade (the businesses known as "Everything for 100") and Chinese restaurants. The mainly female Filipino group's main activity is in domestic service, focusing on Madrid, Barcelona and the Balearic Islands.
While most immigrants are concentrated in five autonomous regions, they are not those who have the greatest impact on the workforce. If we look at the above chart, we can see that it is the Balearic Islands where the immigrant population has the highest participation rate in work activity (22.9 per cent), followed by Murcia with 21.4 per cent (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2009). This indicates that, when studying immigration, one must look not only at the concentration of immigrants but also the relational indices of native and foreignborn populations. Both the Balearic Islands and Murcia are singleprovince autonomous regions, but both have high concentrations of immigrants. Therefore, their impact on the labour market is greater, as well as their impact on social and integration problems and costs in education, health, and social services. If we add it up, the economic crisis amplifies unemployment spending in both immigrant and native populations, and at the same time it produces such inequalities and could even cause rejection of immigrants.
The immigration in Spain represents 11.5 per cent of the total Spanish population, a number that it places to Spain in the second country with major population of foreigners of the EU behind Germany. (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2009). However, social and cultural changes have happened so fast that Spanish society has not been able to properly assimilate, especially with the emergence of very diverse cultural groups. Spanish society has been overwhelmed in a very short length of time, due to the presence of people with diverse cultural values. There being no acclimation process, problems were created. The big picture reveals certain sociocultural differences, especially as compared to Muslims of Arabic origin. With this group, there are more integration problems due to their eagerness to educate their children about their original cultural values. Conflicts with the Black Muslim population are somewhat less clear. In our judgment, these conflicts are due to historical issues because, while black African Muslims have embraced Islam in recent times, for Arab Muslims, Islam is inherent to their culture. They are also less likely to accept any social change in their children. Young people are open to it when they come into contact with other lifestyles that are contrary to their original traditions. This openness is seen by their parents as an outright rejection of their native culture and an abandonment of their religion, thus causing sociofamily conflict.
Lastly, we cannot forget about the almost one million socalled "illegal'' immigrants who live in Spain (Compiled from data from the Department for Work and immigration and National Statistic Institute). So far we have looked at data about people with residence permits, but we cannot ignore those who live in Spain without permission. If the circumstances of the administratively regulated immigrants are complicated, it is much more so for those who do not have legal permission to live in Spain. Without work permission, the immigrant cannot work and hence is often exploited by businesses and involved in criminal activities. This irregularity favours exploitation at the hands of employers who take advantage of the situation by paying lower salaries for the same work, distorting and breaking down the labour market, and increasing illicit work. It also contributes to the recruitment of such persons by organized criminal groups.
The current economic crisis has had a higher impact in the immigrant community—in some regions of Spain, the unemployment rates of immigrants have exceeded 50% (Statistical Yearbook of immigration, 2009)
Education is another important cultural aspect. The arrival of people with cultural differences has led to a substantial change in our schools. This is an enriching experience with regards to our children because they are being educated amongst great cultural diversity. Yet the education of children and adults opens major questions about the future of education, questions that may lead to various national and regional changes, and will continue to be some of the great unknowns of our educational system.
So far, for many reasons, whether due to not knowing the language, lack of life plans, relative economic deprivation, strong cultural differences, and in my cases lower cultural levels, immigrants perform more poorly than natives in academic settings. It is true that the amount of time spent in Spain and the age upon entry are both key factors for academic performance and social integration. Immigrant children who have been in Spain for over five years and who came to Spain when they were ten years old or less have a very favourable socialization outlook. Thus, they also have a favourable outlook with regards to their integration in the Spanish socioeducational model. In other words, their performances are similar to native children.
On the other hand, the ghettoization of schools is having a counterproductive effect on the goal of a culturally pluralistic coexistence. Most immigrants live in areas with at least some degree of decline (Valero, 2007), which implies a high immigrant concentration in said area.
When the school has a high level of immigrant students, many natives move their children to schools where there are no immigrants or their number is relatively low, and thus certain schools begin to exist solely for immigrants or excluded groups. Such behaviour is hardly conducive to integration and coexistence —there is no cultural contact.
Housing is another important factor in inclusion as well as the achievement of the immigrants' life plans. Their dwelling becomes a means to integration, as it is a way of accessing various social benefits, improving their standing, and reducing their vulnerability (Valero 2007). When immigrants try to live in outlying areas, suburbs, or city centres, they are often stigmatized and seen as contributing to the decline of the neighbourhood. Actually, what happens is that immigrants live in these areas because they have insufficient means to live anywhere else with better conditions. We're talking about urban areas where houses have major structural deficiencies that violate the minimum health regulations. In other situations, high housing costs lead them to live in overcrowded apartments because, with their meagre wages, they cannot afford to own a home or rent a property. It also happens that many landlords refuse to rent to immigrants. Both of these causes are leading to abuse and exploitation of immigrants' difficulties with regards to finding housing, which in turn increases the phenomenon of socalled hot beds. In many cases, this abuse is carried out by the immigrants themselves, the ones who have managed to rent apartments. They profit from others' unstable situations.
A global vision: reflexions about immigration
The arrival of workers from countries with low or mediumincomes has not only led to the creation of new employment niches, but also to the displacement of native workers. On the other hand, thanks to immigrant workers, native workers have been promoted because of the foreign labourers filling the jobs of lower statuses.
The immigrant labour ethnic stratification is plainly evident because there are labour niches which only exist because of immigration. We have created new employment areas, some of which have been filled by native workers and others of which were created solely for immigrants. Economic immigration has produced a structural change in the labour market. Many companies require more skilled labour, but in turn outsource more services to other companies, resulting in a decline of labour quality. Two things have helped accelerate this deterioration: one, the pressure on immigrants to find a job causes the native workers to perform the same tasks for lower pay. Two, companies recruit unskilled employees who are paid less, essentially taking advantage of immigration.
As suggested by Iglesias and Llorente (2008: 90), to date, immigration processes have had a positive effect on our economy in terms of the general welfare. Nonetheless, immigration is causing regional labour disputes. Immigrants tend to settle in areas with active labour markets; at the same time, they put pressure on the market and contribute to the revitalization. Thus, they contribute to improve levels of labour activity. The less dynamic regions are not affected by immigration pressures and they do not blame immigration when they are unable to find work. As a consequence, there are significant inequalities between the autonomous regions. This had been occurring up until 2008, but as a result of the economic crisis, other problems have emerged, such as increased unemployment in the immigrant population, forcing them to seek employment in an autonomous region with lower immigrant presences.
An important component in the economic analysis of immigration lies in remittances. The sending of money to their families is often one of the main reasons that they began the migration process. Remittances are essential for their home country's development, a way to improve their families' living situations, and a means to return home again someday. Remittances are often meant to be used to buy a house, to buy land, or to open a business. Nonetheless, many remittances are not used in the intended way and are instead used to buy televisions, cars, washers, video game consoles, etc. In 2009, the LatinAmerican Development Bank stated that the average amount of money sent by immigrants was 3000 Euros, and in total some 69,200 million Euros had been sent to Latin America, which was the largest source of development for many Latin American countries. Something similar happened with African immigrants. Yet these huge amounts of money are not having an effect on the economic labour structure of the country. Many microbusinesses that are created after the immigrant returns have high levels of failure. The socalled children of immigration, who live with grandparents or uncles and aunts, are being brought with excess consumption. While their relatives are working overseas, the recipients of such remittances do not invest in the future and often squander the money sent by their overseas relatives. This has begun to create serious and profound family problems. The lack of investment forces the overseas relative to delay his or her return. In many cases, because he or she does not return, he or she begins to build a new family in the new country, abandoning the original.
Though, unlike the economic contributions of the Spanish immigrants of the past, with regard to the LatinAmerican immigrants in Spain, a substantial difference appears, possibly for the contextúa! difference. In the past an exposition of life based on the attainment of aims planed on the creation of future business plans. In the present, as happens in Latín America lies in the consumer. Here it takes root in one of the differential aspects between the remittances of the Spanish immigrants of the past with the LatinAmerican immigrants.
The global economic crisis is reducing migration flows, but is especially frustrating the expectations of many immigrants to American and European dreams. In the Spanish case, although immigrants continue to arrive, the percentages are much lower than years past. But also, many are returning to their countries of origin by the lack of work. And others do not return for fear of failure. This fact leads to a deterioration of immigration in the host country. Maybe this is one of the evils of the XXI century immigration.
BORJAS, G, 1993, Friends of strangers, the impact of immigrants on the USeconomy, Basic Books, Washington. [ Links ]
CARRSAUNDERS, A, M, 1936, World population, Oxford University Press, Oxford. [ Links ]
CASTLES S and M. MILLER, 2003, The Age of Migration, The Guilford Press, New York. [ Links ]
CACHÓN, L, 1997, 'Segregación sectorial de los inmigrantes en el Mercado de trabajo en España', en Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales, núm. 10. [ Links ]
CAZORLA, J, and D. GREGORY, 1998, 'La emigración española a países Europeos: problemática y soluciones', en Revista andaluza de inmigración, núm. 25. [ Links ]
DAVIS, M, R, 1936, World migration, MacMillan, New York. [ Links ]
GARMENDIA, J, A, 1981, La emigración española en la encrucijada, CIS, Madrid. [ Links ]
IGLESIAS, C. y R. LLORENTE, 2008, "Efectos de la inmigración en el mercado de trabajo español", en Papeles de Economía, núm. 367. [ Links ]
ILIES, M, 2009, "La política de la Comunidad Europea sobre inmigración irregular: medidas para combatir la inmigración irregular en todas sus fases", en Documentos de Trabajo ( Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estratégicos), num. 38. [ Links ]
MESEGUER, J, 1975, "La emigración española en los países de la CEE", en Revista de Instituciones Europeas, núm. 2. [ Links ]
MINISTERIO DE TRABAJO E INMIGRACIÓN, 2009, Anuario de inmigración, Publicaciones del Ministerio de Trabajo, Madrid. [ Links ]
PALAZÓN, Ferrando, S, 1998, Reanudación apogeo y crisis de la emigración exterior española (19461995), Eria. [ Links ]
REQUES, P. y O de COS, 2003, "La emigración olvidada: la diáspora española en la actualidad", en Papeles de Geografia, núm. 37. [ Links ]
SOLÉ, C. y S. PARELLA, 2001, "La inserción de los inmigrantes en el mercado de trabajo, el caso español", en C. SOLÉ, El impacto de la inmigración en la economía y en la sociedad receptora, Anthropos, Barcelona. [ Links ]
VALERO MATAS, J. A., 2007, La educación social ante los nuevos retos de la inmigración y los servicios sociales, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid. [ Links ]
VIRUELA MARTÍNEZ, R, 2002, "La nueva corriente inmigratoria de Europa del Este", en Cuadernos de Geografía, núm. 72. [ Links ]
1 It is true that immigration not recorded by the Administration is causing serious problems to the different administrations due to the increase of health and education spending.
Información sobre los autores:
Jesús Alberto ValeroMatas. Doctor in Sociology (UCM). Graduate in sociology (UCM) and BA in Political Science and Management (UCM). He is currently professor of sociology at the University of Valladolid. He has been visiting professor at various universities abroad, Edinburgh University, Auckland University, Colorado School of Mines, UNAM, Polish Academic Nauk, Georgetown University, etc. She has won more than 20 publications in national and international journals and several books.
Juan R. Coca. Biology graduate, Master in Logic and Philosophy of Science, and currently a doctoral candidate in sociology at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He is a researcher in the department of sociology on sociological imagination at the same university. He has published over 40 papers and a dozen books chapters. He has been visiting researcher at the University of Valladolid.
Sergio MirandaCastañeda. Holds a diploma in Social Work for the University of Valladolid (2002) and BA in Sociology for the University of Salamanca (2006). Currently working as a graduate research at the Office of Research and Evaluation at the University of Valladolid and associate professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the same university.


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The Institute for Human Health and Sports Science (H2S2), housed in the Human Biomechanics and Physiology Laboratory, is the first interdisciplinary institute at High Point University. Home to all of the faculty in the Department of Physical Therapy, the Institute is also a virtual home to faculty and clinicians from multiple disciplines around the university, the state, the nation, and the globe! These experts are dedicated to injury prevention, rehabilitation, and the improved performance of active people. The combination of these experts from multiple disciplines, the physical space, and the equipment make the Institute and the Lab unlike any other.
Esteemed Faculty
Kind, caring, collaborative, and dedicated, the faculty of the Lab and Institute invite you to learn a little more about each of us by clicking here.
Human Biomechanics and Physiology Laboratory
The Human Biomechanics and Physiology Laboratory consists of 13,500 square feet of awe-inspiring research, teaching, and clinical space. Although the area is specifically designed to foster interdisciplinary collaboration, a presentation of the space is simplified when thinking about components of the lab. The centerpiece of the lab is our biomechanics area. This biomechanics area consists of a large, open space surrounded by 24 motion capture cameras and featuring 3 force plates and an instrumented treadmill. In addition, the biomechanics area boasts truly unique functional motion capture areas with a golf simulator, turf, and court surface.
In addition to the biomechanics area, the physiology component of the lab is equally impressive. The physiology space is highlighted by the environmental chamber which allows researchers to reproduce extreme conditions in temperature (above 100 degrees F and below freezing), humidity (up to 95%), and elevation (up to 15,000 ft above sea level). Physiology also has a wet lab, some of the most unique treadmills in the world, metabolic carts, a wireless EMG for tracking muscle activity, and a DEXA scanner, the most accurate way to perform body fat analysis.
Last but never least, the clinical component provides clients of Targeted Enhanced Athletic Movement (TEAM) and H2S2 research subjects with access to private and semi-private treatment areas and a strength and conditioning area that concentrates on fun and unique ways to prevent injury, improve performance, or rehabilitate from injury.
Cutting Edge Technology
The term "state-of-the-art" does not quite do our equipment justice. here is a brief list of some of the equipment available to faculty, students, and collaborators of H2S2:
- Student learning hub with over a dozen integrated computer workstations and study tables for collaborative, experiential learning
- Custom built Darwin environmental chamber Colorado Altitude modifications
- Motion Analysis Corporation's 24-camera, 3D motion capture system
- Novel Pedar-X insole pressure measurement system
- 3 AMTI floor-mounted Force Plates
- AMTI force-plate instrumented tandem belt treadmill
- Humac NORM Isokinetic Dynamometer
- High Definition Golf Simulator with video and forceplate analysis
- Hologic Discovery W DEXA Scanner
- Viasys VMax Encore Metabolic Cart and Pulmonary Function Testing System with Canopy, Pulse Oximeter, ECG, and Cycle Ergometer
- Viasys Oxycon Mobile Metabolic Cart
- High-resolution ECG Holter monitoring system
- Artenis Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy System with 4 probes
- BTS Bioengineering 16-channel wireless EMG system with 4 electrogoniometers, 4 accelerometers, 2 foot switches, analog-to-digital conversion board, wireless charging station, and dynamometer interface
- 3 Woodway treadmills including 1 ELG, 1 Curve, and one Modified Desmo for the the environmental chamber
- Alter-G P200 gravity-altering treadmill with Woodway Desmo base
- Keiser pneumatic resistance Power Rack and Runner
- TRX body weight training system


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - Our thanks to Dhabih! Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Random Musings View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "Our thanks to Dhabih!" Happy_Mealjunior memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 35Location: Quebec,Quebec, Canada Posted: Sun Oct 24, 1999 4:12 pm I learned some much thing in these few days I don't know how to thank the guy who made it all happen!!! Lets put our hands together for DHABIH!! clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap clap Anyway thanks man. - A very happy meal!! Back to top [Shizo]memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 3938 Posted: Sun Oct 24, 1999 5:31 pm nevermind this post [This message has been edited by [Shizo] (edited October 24, 1999).] Back to top [Shizo]memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 3938 Posted: Sun Oct 24, 1999 5:32 pm EEEEE__N___N___GGG E______NN__N__G EEE____N N_N__G_ggg E______N__NN__G___G EEEEE__N___N___GGG Clap Clap Clap Clap Clap Clap Clap Clap! /me claps along with others to praise dhabih ------------------ Russia is power! You dont agree, we nuke you! Back to top DhabihAdministratorMember #Joined: 13 Sep 1999Posts: 532Location: Kirkland, WA, U.S.A. Posted: Mon Oct 25, 1999 9:11 pm i hope you all find this a useful place for discussion on digital art. Let your friends know about it. Dont think that this is just a place to ask me questions since its my homepage. I think it'd be cool if this turned into the place to be for digiart discussion for everyone interested. Back to top Happy_Mealjunior memberMember #Joined: 22 Oct 1999Posts: 35Location: Quebec,Quebec, Canada Posted: Tue Oct 26, 1999 1:35 pm I already did that Dhabih (I mean telling my friends) Idon't know how much are or will come here to discuss...I hope they all will I really find it is a cool place to talk about art. And the fact that everyone answers the questions and gives you feedbacks is better than just you I think. You get more different opinions and, anyway, you would have your hands full and would just never answer all those questions. I hope that you learned things too! -HAppy and nearly smart Meal!! Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Random Musings All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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A confidential blueprint for David Cameron's controversial bid to impose more women, gays and ethnic candidates on reluctant party activists has come to light.If that's a desirable option, why the need for subterfuge?
The explosive six-page document proposes the use of subterfuge to end the white, male and middle-class image of the Conservative Party.
Iain Dale thinks that it is a desirable option, as the Conservative Associations in six constituencies have just picked 'diverse' candidates, each spurning the option of the white man. This, apparently, proves that CAs are progressive, changed parties, and the old guard Tories are wrong.
Well, we'll see.
And the language in the document will further exacerbate tensions between the Tory high command and its army of hard working volunteers.The problem being that we pay to see a conjuror because we expect to be tricked. It's part of the act. We aren't supposed to be tricked by people we elect to positions of power (though god knows why we haven't realised that it seems to happen a lot).
The document suggests using 'stealth' and stresses the importance of keeping 'quiet' over the plans to ensure more women, ethnic and gay candidates. 'Like a conjuror, we'll get more applause if the audience cannot see exactly how the trick is performed,' the document says.
Still, maybe this charge is led by a frighteningly diverse bunch of...
It was written by Tory schools spokesman Michael Gove, an influential member of Mr Cameron's inner circle, and Dean Godson, a director of favoured think-tank Policy Exchange.*sigh*
Mr Gove is a close friend of Joanne Cash, 40, the poster girl for the Tories' so-called A-list of candidates designed to fast-track women, ethnic candidates and gays into winnable seats.
Now the row over selection has moved to the Warwickshire constituency of Stratford-upon-Avon.The Tories need to be careful. A similar situation for councillors in Barking & Dagenham last year has caused great upset, and raised the possibility that embittered former Labour members will stand as independents.
A huge turnout from the 900-strong association is expected this evening to select a candidate.
But the list imposed by Tory Central Office means they have a choice of four women (none of whom has ever fought a Parliamentary seat), one of ethnic origin and only one local (white) man.
Sir William Lawrence, who has served 28 years as a councillor in the town, said: 'Just think of the quality of the MPs who have been chosen by the constituency association in the past. But, today, we are not trusted to make that choice.'
Mr Cameron is unrepentant and his decision to seize power from local associations, say his friends, is the culmination of the secret plan on how to neuter the party faithful in the country.
These members of the Tory grassroots, cruelly nicknamed dinosaurs, are seen by modernisers as impediments to a progressive party.Meanwhile…
The Prime Minister will launch a weekend of events with a speech today accusing the Tories of harbouring a 'hatred of government that will hurt the recovery'.Really, Eric?
He will claim the Tories would peddle a 'narrow nationalism' that will leave Britain 'isolated'.
But Tory chairman Eric Pickles said: 'The choice at the election will be clear: Five more years of Gordon Brown or change with the Conservatives.'
What 'change' is that, then..?
And just why should I believe you when you tell me your party is the one to vote for? Because it seems to me that it plans to pick up just where the Labour Party left off...


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Just yesterday, my DVB stick (which is connected to my roof aerial) stopped picking up all Mediaworks channels i.e. TV3, Four, TV3+1 (it would only show a black screen).
When I tried to retune in both Windows Media Center and ArcSoft Total Media, neither channels were found. I tried a restart and shut down, but the retune still wasn't able to find the two channels.
I've also updated the software for the stick, and still haven't been able to pick up the channels.
I have:
- Windows 7
- DVB Stick model: WinFast DTV Dongle Dual Device (Leadtek)
- i7 2.30Ghz
- 8GB ram
- nVIDIA GeFroce GT 650M 2GB
Has anyone else not been able to pick up these channels, or knows any possible solutions?
Thankssss (I don't want to be forced to watch TVNZ! )


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Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936 / Bombay)
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The Masque Of Plenty
Argument. -- The Indian Government being minded to discover the economic condition of their lands, sent a Committee to inquire into it; and saw that it was good.
Scene. -- The wooded heights of Simla. The Incarnation of the Government of India in the raiment of the Angel of Plenty signs, to pianoforte accompaniment: --
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Deep Democracy Institute International Team
Dr. Max Schupbach and Dr. Ellen Schupbach
Ellen Schupbach Ph.D. (www.eminee.net) is a Certified Processwork Diplomate who specializes in the personal development of the leader and facilitator. Ellen wrote her doctoral thesis on the spiritual experience of the facilitator. She has been working internationally with her partner Max, teaching Processwork and has a private practice as a coach and psychologist. Ellen Schupbach Ph.D. is a seminar leader and Executive Director of Deep Democracy Institute.
Max Schupbach, Ph.D. (www.maxfxx.net) is a Certified Processwork Diplomate living in Portland, Oregon and an internationally acclaimed trainer and facilitator. Together with Arny and Amy Mindell, he is part of the original group that founded Process Work. He has Co-founded, developed, and lead many of its training centers in North America, Asia, Australia, and Europe and Africa. He is president of maxfxx, a consulting group working worldwide with organizations, including Fortune 100 Corporations, International NGOs, Government Agencies, and religous communities. He has facilitated gatherings of Australian Aboriginal communities and Native North American Tribes and coached multi-ethnic executive teams in South Africa. Among his clients are also Polish, Baltic, and Russian teams pre and post Perestroika, and executive teams composed of Eastern and Western members soon after the reunion of the two Germanies.
Max has facilitated community building with Croatian and Serbian members in refugees camps during the Yugoslavian war, and relationships between prison inmates, correctional personnel, and prison administrators in high security prison settings. He has conducted many public open forums with up to several hundred participants on issues and questions of public concern: a recent open forum focused on Islam, Jewish, and Christian relationships in Germany. Max Schupbach, Ph.D. is President and seminar leader for the Deep Democracy Institute.
Dr. Stanford Siver
Stanford Siver is a coach, facilitator, and Certified Processwork Diplomate. Originally trained in computer science and mathematics he worked on numerical systems development projects until receiving his MBA and then studying process oriented psychology, earning a doctorate in the psychology of conflict exploring the relationship between our inner experience and community, organizational, and global conflict. Stanford is the Development Director for the Deep Democracy Institute.
Leilani Henry
Leilani Henry, M.A. is coordinating the international media outreach for the Deep Democracy Institute. Leilani is a radio producer and host at KGNU radio in Boulder and CEO of Being & Living® Enterprises. Leilani has 15+ years as a corporate HR consultant, facilitator and coach. She is a thought leader in workplace creativity and work-life balance, as cited organizations such as FAST Company and the Fetzer Institute. Her work in the performing and healing arts is aligned with her focus on leadership, community and organizational development. Regis University, in Denver, awarded her a fellowship for her innovations in the field of deliberation and dialogue. Currently, Leilani is working on "We are All Antarctica", a collaborative model for climate change as the daughter of George W. Gibbs, Jr., the first black person, in the world, to set foot on Antarctica.
Dr. Josef Helbling
Dr. Josef Helbling is a Certified Processwork Diplomate, trainer and psychotherapist in private practice. Josef has been a lead trainer for vocational leaders in Switzerland, has developed and evaluated the vocational leadership training in Switzerland, and has extensive experience in researching attitudes and the dynamics of attitude change of professional groups, an area which he also wrote his doctoral dissertation in. Dr. Josef Helbling is the Director of Program Evaluation for the Deep Democracy Institute.


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Raji returns with something to prove
GREEN BAY — B.J. Raji knew something was up.
When the veteran nose tackle came back to town to sign his one-year to return to the Green Bay Packers on March 14, he spent a few minutes with coach Mike McCarthy while agent David Dunn and team contract negotiator Russ Ball crossed t's and dotted i's.
"And before I got done, I said, 'Hey Coach, are we going to go after any other free agents?' And he kind of like, smirked," Raji recalled last week after the team's first open organized team activity practice of the offseason. "And he said, 'Yeah, we've got some things up our sleeve.' And the next day, I get home back east, and I obviously saw the big news. And I was happy."
That big news, of course, was the signing of defensive end/outside linebacker Julius Peppers. Raji's return the day before didn't generate the same excitement. He'd started the year as part of a "Big Three" – along with fellow Dunn clients Aaron Rodgers and Clay Matthews – that one NFL GM had said the Packers "had to" sign. But after another disappointing season – he hasn't had a sack in 35 games, dating back to Nov. 24, 2011 against the Detroit Lions – his return to Green Bay felt like an I guess we'll take him back kind of deal.
Raji, though, insisted he had other teams interested in him, and given that he did take several days to mull the Packers' one-year, $4 million offer (with another $2.5 million in incentives), that's certainly plausible.
"Obviously I've had some time to think it over, and I felt this was the right decision for me," Raji explained. "I liked our chances this year. This was even before I heard anything about Julius, and I still liked our chances coming back. Coach called me a couple times to express that they wanted me back and things, and I decided to come back.
"There was some interest [from other teams]. That's why I don't look at it as, 'Oh, I'm coming back for one year.' It was, I chose to come back for one year. I had some options – I'm not going to get into that, but I had a few teams who were interested in me – but I decided to come back because I'm a guy that, obviously I have my own private matters to worry about, but ultimately I think I'm most happy when I'm winning football games."
That is one thing the Packers have done a lot since Raji came aboard. They've made the playoffs each of his five seasons, including winning Super Bowl XLV in 2010, and are 55-24-1 in regular-season play since taking him with the No. 9 overall pick in the 2009 NFL Draft. And to hear Raji tell it, winning will make him that much more appealing when he is back on the free-agent market next spring.
"The way ball is going now – not just myself – a lot of people are starting to realize that the market isn't what you and your people are estimating it to be. From that you have to make the best decision for yourself," Raji said. "Some guys take the money that's out there. Myself, I'm not always all about the money, I'm more about putting myself in position in the future and winning. To be quite honest, a lot of guys weren't top 10 picks so they don't have the luxury of deciding to leave the money and come back.
"You look at the last couple offseasons, the guys that got paid the highest at that position typically went deep into the playoffs. I guess there's some correlation with teams that do well and guys that typically have a chance at free agency. Even the way the last couple years have gone with us, the last three years we've won the division, and that's our focus this year. But we want to get back to the NFC Championship and further, not one-and-done like it's been the last couple years."?
A bigger contribution from Raji would help that. With each passing year since his interception for a touchdown in the NFC Championship Game at Chicago in January 2011, his role has diminished. Raji confirmed that one of the reasons he returned to Green Bay was the team's promise that he'd return to nose tackle, where he feels he can be productive again after spending less time head-up on the center and most of his time as a three- and five-technique tackle.
"I'd be lying to say it wasn't a major factor in my decision to come back," Raji said. "Yes, they're going to move me back inside, and that obviously to me played a big factor, but ultimately the pieces around me was another factor. I just thought this was the best opportunity for me, this year. I believe going back inside and doing some things I am accustomed to doing a few years back, I just felt like this is a good move for me."
It's still unclear, though, what Raji's role will be in the defense this season. Packers coach Mike McCarthy estimates the Packers have played their base "Okie" defense only 24 percent of the time over the past three seasons, meaning Raji's role would be limited if he only saw action in the base defense. But with veteran Ryan Pickett not having been re-signed, it should open up more snaps for Raji, who'll turn 28 in July.
"I think that's his natural position is the nose. Obviously, when had him and Pick on the same team — both good football players — you don't want one sitting on the bench," defensive line coach Mike Trgovac said. "I think B.J. likes it here, and I really like B.J.'s attitude right now. He's been a good leader in there. He's one of the older guys now. When he came in here as a rookie, I said, 'You're not going to believe how fast you're going to be the oldest guy in this room.' Me being in this league for 20 years, guys don't realize how fast they're going to be the oldest guy in the room because everyone's careers are pretty short.
"[His role] will be somewhat different in that he's going to be on those nose more. He was on the nose some last year but he'll be on the nose more. I think he feels real comfortable down there."
And he feels comfortable in Green Bay, where he's back for at least one more year. What happens a year from now is largely up to him.
"I know our numbers defensively the last couple years weren't what they were in '09 and '10, but you look back, [the Packers have won] the last three division titles and the Super Bowl. You can say what you want, but we've had success here. There really was no need for a major change.
Listen to Jason Wilde every weekday from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. on "Green & Gold Today," and follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/jasonjwilde.


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Tier 1 and ranked 8th of all the Midwestern colleges in the U.S.? Lol, yeah it is not a good school. You're a joke man. You are just angry because you couldn't cut it for a good law school and had to settle for Cooley.
In experience of going to law school. People are easily surpassed if they aren't as intelligent as a person who has a high intelligence gap over them.
I will earn my B.A. in the winter of this year. I have no qualms about the LSAT because I am prepared for it and know I will do well. It is a given for me anyway. With adequate prep time and intellectual capacity, I will do well on it. Those who don't score above a 160 are not meant to be lawyers.
All they have is a few years over me, nothing else. I will soon bridge that gap by graduating college early and going to law school. If they pass the bar, so be it, but I will pass the bar as well, then what? What differentiates us? Oh! I know. I will have an international studies degree, I am fluent in German and have proficiency in Spanish, I will have a finance degree along with a passing score of 79% on the series 7, hopefully an MBA, know a few people at law firms, hopefully a top 10 law school, and good grades. They have nothing except years, nothing else. All they have is a goddamn J.D. which does not say much as that is similar to a degree is bad sociology.
It is a tool to become a lawyer. It is an essential tool but at the end of the day, it is only useful for legal purposes. That is why I broadened my base and made myself more pleasing to future employers eyes as I am going into corporate law.


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Peterson Automotive Museum - What Were They Thinking
WHAT WERE THEY THINKING?The Misfits of MotordomOpens 2/28/09, Closes 9/20/09
What Were They Thinking?, the newest in a series of Petersen Automotive Museum special exhibitions, describes how innovators throughout automotive history have sought to overcome automobile design and engineering challenges with the application of "out of the box" thinking. Though a large number of poorly conceived or badly timed innovations were necessarily abandoned at the design phase, a large number have been developed into full-size, operational vehicles. On view will be examples of such vehicles (both popular and obscure) from throughout automotive history whose designs embodied innovations, styling themes, and other characteristics that were ultimately revealed to be of questionable value or limited appeal.
Whether mass produced or prototype, the Misfits of Motordom serve to illustrate that while certain cars are important because of what they are, an equally large number are important because of what they are not. It will be an autotorium of automobile oddities from around the globe, and certainly the only assembly of vehicles where an Edsel is the "normal" car, these vehicles are sure to amaze and amuse.
The Petersen Automotive Museum Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) charity. The Museum is located at 6060 Wilshire Boulevard (at Fairfax) in Los Angeles. Admission prices are $10 for adults, $5 for seniors and students with ID, and $3 for children ages 5 to 12. Museum members and children under five are admitted free. Covered parking is available for $8.00 per car. Museum hours are Tuesday through Sunday from 10am to 6pm. For general Museum information, call 323/930-CARS or visit the Museum's Web site address at www.petersen.org.


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What should I expect when I visit to audition?
Audition days start around 9 a.m. with a reception for prospective students and their families. Throughout the morning there are scheduled activities, such as a brief recital featuring USC students, a question and answer session with the Dean, and optional tours of campus and the Music Community, a residential area for incoming music majors and minors. Auditions start around 11 a.m. and run throughout the day, and practice rooms are available for warming up and rehearsing. Students are assigned a specific audition time when they arrive to check-in at our registration desk between 9 a.m. and 9:30 a.m.
If you have registered for an audition, we'll send you a final schedule of your audition day's events about 10 days before your selected audition date.
Where can I get help planning my trip to USC?
The USC Visitor Center is a helpful resource for planning a trip to the university. The center has lists of hotels and restaurants and information on local sights. You can find this on the Visitor Center's website or call 1-800-922-9755. The School of Music building is located at 813 Assembly Street, very close to the Visitor Center and next to the Koger Center for the Arts.
Directions to the School of Music, 813 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208.
I can't make any of the audition dates. How can I schedule another date and time to
It is highly recommended that students audition on one of the pre-arranged campus dates, as the audition dates offer prospective students and their families numerous information sessions, as well as optional tours of campus and the Music Community, a residential hall for music majors and minors. If attendance at one of these dates isn't possible due to extenuating circumstance, please contact the director of music admission, Jennifer Jablonski; 803.777.6614).
Live auditions are preferred, but recorded auditions are accepted from students who live outside of South Carolina campus and who are unable to make arrangements to travel to audition. Recorded auditions should be received no later than the last scheduled audition date. Please note that it is to a student's advantage to audition in person if at all possible, as we can much better assess students' talent and potential in person.
How many students earn music scholarships? In what areas are music scholarships awarded?
About two-thirds of USC music students have been awarded a music scholarship from USC. USC music scholarships, which require terms of service to ensembles and additional course requirements, are awarded on the basis of merit only.
Out-of-state students who earn a scholarship of at least $250 a semester are eligible for a heavily reduced tuition rate as long as they meet minimum academic requirements.
Scholarships are offered in the areas of brass, composition, guitar, jazz, organ, percussion, piano, strings, voice and woodwinds. All students are automatically reviewed for scholarship funds as long as they audition on or before the last scheduled audition date of the audition cycle.
May I audition on more than one instrument? Can I schedule a regular audition and
a jazz one on the same day?
Music applicants may also schedule a jazz audition and/or an audition on a strong secondary instrument – including voice – for additional music scholarship consideration. Let us know of your interest in having two or more auditions when you register or email Jennifer Jablonski with information about what additional auditions you would like to perform.
How do I get reviewed for admission to be a composition major?
Plan to audition for us on your primary instrument, as all music majors, including composition majors, must be admitted to the School of Music via audition. On the day you audition, you'll also have an interview scheduled with the composition faculty at which time your portfolio will be reviewed.
How can I learn about other financial aid opportunities at USC?
Academic scholarship information.
The USC Alumni Association also offers several scholarships to incoming students. For more information check the website or call 803-777-4111.
Scholarships for children of Carolina Alumni Association members, call 803-777-4111 or check the website.
For financial aid information, contact the Office of Student Financial Aid and Scholarships at 803-777-8134 or email. Students applying for financial aid must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which becomes available in January and may be obtained from most high school guidance counselors or on the website.
I have questions that I don't see answered here. Who can address them for me?
Questions about the School of Music auditions and music admissions should be directed to: Jennifer Jablonski, assistant dean of enrollment management, by email or by calling 803.777.6614.


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We love wagons. We love V8s. We love turbocharging. And we love AMG. So it stands to reason that combining all four of those things would make the perfect car.
Or does it?
This week on Chris Harris on Cars, Chris gets to have some fun in AMG's latest rocket of a wagon, the stylish CLS63 AMG Shooting Brake. It makes a wonderful, thundering noise and has no trouble converting those tires into smoke.
And, if you're like us, then you'll think this is some fantastic "wagon porn," which is a niche of the porn industry that we just made up but really hope exists.


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Roody Roo Hops Down to Local Newspaper Office
Following a Watertown Daily Times and St. Lawrence Plaindealer editorial entitled, SUNY Central's Trickle-Dumb Economics, SUNY Canton's mascot Roody the Kangaroo was feeling a little unloved. So, he hopped down to the newspaper offices on Friday to seek out Editor Jeffrey A. Savitskie (JAS) to communicate his hurt feelings.
The newspaper newsroom erupted with laughter at the sight of the seven footer's attempts to correspond.
Once invited inside, Roody met with Mr. Savitskie, who explained he meant no slight of either Roody or the Roos nickname. He said he was merely hypothesizing on whether SUNY officials were fond of the moniker. And then, in a remarkable moment full of furry emotion, the editor expressed his true fondness for the marsupial.
Roody's ride to and from downtown also created quite a stir. He was seated in a car with his ears sticking out of the sun roof, which is a must for animals with his type of build.
(Special thanks to the staff at the Watertown Daily Times and Northern New York Newspapers, and especially Editor Jeffrey A. Savitskie for their open-minded attitude about meeting with a kangaroo and for the fun that ensued).


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BBC News
- Coronavirus: Face masks and coverings to be compulsory in England's shops
- UK economy rebounds more slowly than expected
- Winter wave of coronavirus 'could be worse than first'
- Huawei decision: UK 'right to stand up to China'
- Ocado says switch to online shopping is permanent
- Coronavirus: People told to phone ahead before going to A&E
- Ryanair flight diverted after 'bomb note' found in toilet
- Ghislaine Maxwell due to appear at bail hearing
- Coronavirus: 'Too many women left in the dark' over IVF in NI
- Duchess of Cambridge backs BBC's Tiny Happy People scheme to help children
- 'No DSS' letting bans 'ruled unlawful' by court
- Gough Whitlam: Queen not told in advance of Australia PM's sacking, letters show
- Covid-19 survivor, 104, gets back to crosswords and crochet
- Make cheese or shoes? Five unusual new lockdown hobbies
- Leicester lockdown: 'Stop-start routine' affecting children's wellbeing
- Coronavirus lockdown: Parents 'frustrated' by birth registration delays
- Coronavirus: Lockdown song written by Cardiff children
- Bailiff fears as councils chase unpaid tax debts
- 'You can't close the Scottish border - we live on both sides'
- James Bay on the 'fantastic drama' of fame
- Hong Kong security law: Why we are taking our BNOs and leaving
- My Money: 'Instead of the holiday buffet, it's egg and toast at home'
- Jack Charlton: Leeds and Ashington legend remembered
- Coronavirus: 'Being in the bath just isn't the same as the pool'
- Rouaa's story: From Syrian refugee to UK schoolgirl
- 'Lockdown brought out the workaholic in me'
- Coronavirus: Thieves break into pregnant NHS worker's car
- Home-schooling during coronavirus: a child's verdict
- Former armed robber now works with police
- How video is challenging the traditional CV
- The Papers: 'About bleedin' time' welcome for masks in shops
- Coronavirus: Face coverings in NI shops 'within weeks'
- Coronavirus: Face masks 'should be compulsory in shops'
- Coronavirus: Nurse returns to work with colleagues who saved husband's life
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Acting on a reliable tip from Missy & Mike Steins from South Beach, Fl, we found ourselves seated at the Porta Sagua Restaurant on Collins and 7th… We were in search for the best authentic Cuban food in town and judging by the locals seated around us, we had come to the right place. Service was great in this crowded family eatery, but that's not what we came for. The food was the best, simple and delicious. Here's a sample recipe for Vaca Frita (fried cow)
Shredded beef Marinade
1 lb cap steak or flank steak Juice of one lime & lemon
½ onion sliced through core 2 TBS sherry
1 cup stock 3 toes chopped garlic
½ tsp cumin ½ onion sliced through core
2 bay leaves 3 TBS olive oil
1 toe garlic 3 TBS oil for frying
2 TBS olive oil
Chopped parsley
1. Salt & pepper steak
2. Add 2 TBS oil to a large heavy pan, and brown the steak on both sides
3. Remove steak, add onions & garlic and sauté
4. Deglaze pan with stock, add steak back in and cook covered for 2 hours (285)
5. Save liquid
6. Remove tender steak, and shred into large pieces, let cool,
7. In bowl, add steak, and toss with lemon/lime/sherry, onions, garlic, marinate 1 hour
8. Add 3 TBS oil to hot pan, fry batches of beef/onions until crispy on each side
9. Serve with rice and black beans garnish with parsley.


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favorite quote from last night's speech:"ah boo [pause] gah rave prison"-W.i can't believe he stumbled on this. i mean, i understand the prison's name is in foreign language but its been recited over and over again on network news, leno, cnn, fox, etc hundreds of thousands of times!! even I know how to pronounce it. besides, hes the PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (the PUSA). just this little blunder proves we'd be better off with a chimpanzee in the oval office than bush.
I like Moore, but I know he's done his share of exaggeration-for-effect (I further admit that even that may be a generous interpretation). The Weekly Standard, though, isn't exactly a bastion of journalistic integrity, and Fred Barnes isn't exactly Honest Abe.
but i don't think his texas accent or the frequent mispronunciation of words or even his stupidity (if he really is) means he can't be a competent president.
after all one of the great legal minds of the century, justice oliver wendell holmes, said of one of our great presidents, fdr, that he had "a second-class intellect, but a first-class temperament."
the guy has other gifts or talents that might make for a capable leader. for one he reputedly knows how to charm people close to him (if not the public).
his mispronunciation of the prison's name demonstrates his ineptitude in current affairs. it also shows he didn't prepare his speech well enough. likewise, a student who didn't do the readings and didn't prepare for his presentation is a bad student.
biased quote. holmes was a conservative justice appointed by a republican president. fdr was a democrat. i'm sure rehnquist and scalia wouldn't have the nicest things to say about bill clinton either. yet clinton was a self made man who went to georgetown and yale law school (obviously a bright guy).
i don't care if bush is mr. casanova or an even smoother player than friggin' snoop D O double G. i care about the president's (along with all other elected official's) ability to get this country out of the downward spiral that its been going on for the past few years. the bush admin isn't doing that.


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It's a joy to watch these firecracker-red dragonflies (Libellula saturata) make their presence known. They dart over our fish pond, snatch an insect, and then perch on a tomato-plant stake to eat it.
Last year another generation did the same thing. They darted over our fish pond, snatched an insect, and then staked their claim in the vegetable garden. Over a tomato plant.
Most of the time the flame skimmers seem unaware of my presence. Guess they consider me neither prey nor predator.
If you love dragonflies, several years ago the Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, created an educational poster, "Dragonflies of California," the work of doctoral candidate Fran Keller and naturalist/photographer Greg Kareofelas of Davis. It focuses on 18 dragonflies commonly found in the Golden State. The largest insect depicted in the poster is the Giant Darner (Anax walshinghami), but the most colorful just has to be...drum roll...the flame skimmer. But I'm biased.
Keller came up with these facts about dragonflies:
Ten fast facts about dragonflies, as provided by the Bohart Museum:
- Dragonflies date back before the dinosaur age.
- The largest known prehistoric species of dragonfly, living 300 million years ago, was the Meganeura monyi. Its wingspan measured more than two feet long.
- The largest species today is a South American dragonfly with a wingspan of 7.5 inches. The smallest modern species is an east Asian dragonfly, the libellulid dragonfly, Nannophya pygmaea, with a wingspan of about 3/4 of an inch.
- California is home to approximately 108 species. More than 5000 species are found worldwide.
- Dragonflies help control pests such as mosquitoes, midges and flies, but will also dine on honey bees and butterflies.
- The adults feed by hawking their prey. They dart off a perch to catch prey and often return to the perch to eat.
- Most dragonflies live around lakes, ponds, streams, and marshes; their larvae, known as "nymphs," are aquatic. Some dragonfly larvae live in bromeliad flowers.
- Dragonflies usually do not bite or sting humans, but if grasped by the abdomen, they may bite to escape.
- The dragonfly is thought to have better eyesight than any other insect. Its compound eyes take up much of the insect's head. Each compound eye has up to 30,000 facets or sensor modules, arranged to provide nearly a 360-degree field of vision. That's why it's difficult to sneak up on them.
- Dragonflies are a common motif in Native American art, displayed on Zuni pottery, Hopi rock art and on Pueblo necklaces. In Japan, they are considered symbols of courage, strength and happiness.
The Bohart Museum, home of more than seven million insects, is open year around, but is closed to the public on Friday. It's directed by Lynn Kimsey, professor of entomology att UC Davis.
But if you want to see dragonflies in The Great Outdoors, look for them near a body of water, whether it be a river, creek or...a fish pond in the back yard...
Author - Communications specialist
Attached Images:


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The Forex world is constantly evolving and during its weekly trading hours there is a wealth of news a trader must keep on top of if they want to make the most money possible. Indeed, because the market can be affected by a number of dynamics, it is essential they know exactly what's happening at all times in order to avoid any unprofitable deals.
For example, let's assume the US Dollar is trading well against the Great British Pound during the first half of the week. This would be a good time to invest some money and reap the benefits of a positive market condition. However, by Wednesday a series of negative news stories emerge from the UK and affect the country's economic performance. These dynamics then adversely affects how well the two currencies are trading. At this point it's important to know what's just happened because it will influence whether or not someone should cease trading this currency pair for a while or continue.
Knowing the value of each currency based on various internal and external factors is crucial and the reason why FXBrokerSearch.com's Forex news centre is a vital resource. Drawing on a number of resources, our information section provides the latest information and data from which users can refine their trading activity.
Beyond shifts in the currency market itself, FXBrokerSearch.com's new section has been designed to give traders an insight into the best offers and promotions. By monitoring each of our 200+ Forex brokers we're able to quickly tell users about the latest updates and bonuses.
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Goldman Sachs Group Inc Chairman and Chief Executive Lloyd Blankfein said on Wednesday that he is optimistic about the economic recovery in the United States. Blankfein was sp ..
Bank of Japan board member Takehiro Sato on Wednesday warned of diminishing returns and potential drawbacks of maintaining the bank's massive stimulus program for too lon ..
The attorneys general want to know whether music labels colluded or were pressured into favoring Apple's paid music subscription service, which was released on Monday. Ap ..
Oil traders scrambling to secure crude in the U.S. Midwest have pushed North Dakota's Bakken to a near premium for the first time in two years, a rally stoked by record r ..
The Minneapolis, Minnesota-based retailer said it had invested $3.7 billion through the first quarter of 2015 to retire 56.9 million shares under the buyback program. Target a ..
Chinese e-commerce titan Alibaba Group Holding Ltd (BABA.N) does not want to fight for U.S. market share but instead hopes to help small U.S. businesses sell more goods in Chi ..
Jeffrey Gundlach, chief executive of investment firm DoubleLine Capital, said on Tuesday he still believes the U.S. Federal Reserve will probably not raise interest rates this ..
MSCI expects China mainland shares to be added to its indexes after 'a few important remaining issues ... have been resolved.' Some $1.7 trillion in assets track the ..
Pacific Investment Management Co, which is known as Pimco and is a unit of Germany's Allianz SE, said the Total Return fund's holdings of U.S. government-related deb ..
"Mad Money" host Jim Cramer shares his favorite financial. ..
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This means advertised prices may not be accurate and could differ from the actual market conditions. For this reason it is not appropriate to rely on any data presented by fxBrokerSearch.com for the purposes of trading.
Based on these conditions, fxBrokerSearch.com will not be held responsible for any losses incurred through trades conducted in light of data presented on this site.


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After a good six months in Beta Zone, BlackBerry Desktop Manager v7.0 has officially released today.
We are currently not seeing any changelog, but we've heard that it does improve syncing capabilities. I've personally used the version found it Beta Zone since August & i've noticed that a full backup of my 9900 takes half the time it would take on Desktop Manager v6.0