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Jiu Jitsu, or Brazilian Jiu Jitsu as it is commonly named outside Brazil, is a grappling orientated martial art/combat sport that evolved from its Japanese roots in 1920's Brazil, and continued to evolve for many decades after until its present format. This style though previously established in its native country, became highly popular within the northern hemisphere after a series of performances from BJJ fighter Royce Gracie in the early UFC's (Ultimate Fighting Championship) where he battled against competitors from many different martial arts backgrounds in the no holds barred tournament, becoming the fighting promotion's first champion. This event proved Jiu Jitsu's efficiency and helped raise awareness all around the world, becoming one of the reasons behind the sport's growth (but not the only one).
- The Birth of Jiu Jitsu
- Main Figures of JiuJitsu
- Main Jiu Jitsu Teams
- Main Jiu Jitsu Tournaments
- BJJ Competition Videos
- Celebrities in Jiu Jitsu
Jiu Jitsu's Birth in Brazil
The history of Jiu Jitsu in Brazil mainly derives from one man, Mitsuyo Maeda – known in Brazil as Conde Coma (Count Coma). Maeda was a student of Jigoro Kano and his Kodokan School of martial arts. Though Kano is widely recognized as the father of Judo, his style of teaching was regarded in the early days as a branch of Ju Jitsu and not it's own martial style. In fact, Jigoro's branch of Ju Jitsu has been diluted from its original format over the years by consistent changes to Judo's rules and regulations.
Mitsuyo Maeda was one of Jigoto Kano's star pupils, and as such he was asked to help spread the word of his master's style. Maeda travelled all over the globe displaying the art in arenas and circuses, travelling through the United States, England and many other countries before landing in Brazil. It was in Brazil that he met students such Carlos Gracie. Carlos was a troubled teenager that Maeda took under his wing and taught his style, though Carlos wasn't the only student taught by Count Coma, nor was he the only one to develop his own Jiu Jitsu School, one other student of Maeda also spread his seed into Jiu Jitsu's landscape, Luis França. There were other Japanese Jiu Jitsu masters teaching Jiu Jitsu in Brazil who were lesser known, though still relevant to BJJ today, people like Takeo Iano in the North of Brazil and Kazuo Yoshida in Bahia.
The Importance of the Gracie's in Jiu Jitsu
Carlos Gracie was taught by Master Maeda in the city of Belém do Pará in Brazil, but due to financial difficulties moved to Rio de Janeiro. Mituyo Maeda also moved away returning sometime after to establish a school where his lineage is still very much alive, though he never to see Carlos again. In Rio de Janeiro, 1925 Carlos established his first school of Jiu Jitsu in the Marques de Abrantes Street, number 106. To help out with the school he brought in his brothers and taught them his master's art. The brothers were: Oswaldo, George, Gastão and Hélio Gracie. Carlos and his brothers would go on to promote their academy through a series of challenges, some with no rules, where they would fight men of any size or weight proving their style's superiority.
Though Helio became possibly the most famous family member of the Gracie brothers, it was George Gracie the one that held the family's name highest competitively from that first generation of Gracie combatants. Helio Gracie did compete successfully also, but his two most famous fights were also his worst defeats, to Masahiko Kimura and Waldemar Santana, two fights he lost when he was already reaching his 40's against bigger and younger men.
As Carlos Gracie got more involved with the business side of the family and George's wild ways separated him from his brothers chain of thought, it was Helio that took responsibility in keeping the school a tight unit. Helio Gracie was also given the responsibility of raising most of Carlos Gracie's household, teaching them the family martial arts trade. Since the 1920's the Gracie family has been able to produce consistent talent through every generation, making it one of the strongest martial arts lineages in the world and the strongest amongst Brazilian Jiu Jitsu.
The Importance of Jiu Jitsu in MMA
The first steps of MMA were given in the 1920's Brazil and this events were called "Vale Tudo" (anything goes). They were unsanctioned bouts with no rules (eye gouging and strikes to the groin were allowed) no gloves, no weight categories and most of the times they did not have a time limit either. It was in these bouts that the Gracie's made their mark and created a name for themselves throughout the nation. As the sport progressed, a few tweaks were made to these Vale Tudo matches, but nowhere near what the sport is today.
In the early days, when these matches started occurring, Jiu Jitsu's greatest opponent was Luta Livre, a style of submission grappling used in Brazil. As the popularity of Vale Tudo grew, so did the rivalry between these two opposing styles, so much that many street fights between students of both martial arts and even Dojo storming were common practice.
In the 1984 an attempt to settle the affair was made with the "Jiu Jitsu vs Martial Arts" event being held where several important figures of Jiu Jitsu were put up against fighters of other trades (but mainly Luta Livre). The result was inconclusive and the unfriendly Banta continued, until 1991, one of the most important events in the history of Vale Tudo/MMA was held to decide once and for all which was the best martial art in Brazil, the name of the event was "Desafio – Jiu-Jitsu vs. Luta Livre" (BJJ vs Luta Livre Challenge). 3 fighters were chosen from each style to compete against each other in a Vale-Tudo match with no time limits, the fighters from BJJ were Wallid Ismail, Murilo Bustamante and Fabio Gurgel against Eugenio Tadeu, Marcelo Mendes and Denilson Maia from Luta Livre. Jiu Jitsu won all three fights, a major feather on the cap of BJJ's community who became broadly considered the stronger style, the dispute between the two styles had many ups and downs, as described on our "JJ vs Luta Livre" article, a dispute that ultimately led to the ban of Vale Tudo in Brazil.
While the Brazilian Vale Tudo panorama was roaring, the same was not happening in the United States. It was again through the Gracie family's efforts that the sport was put in its place. The Gracie's had seen a market for their Jiu Jitsu style in America, and they established an academy in California. In trying to prove that their style was the best martial art available, the Gracie's developed a No Holds Barred event, the concept being designed by Rorion Gracie, this event was named Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), and it had the same principle as the Vale Tudo events back in Brazil. The first champion to emerge from this event was Royce Gracie, who later became a UFC Hall of Fame. The brand name and the event itself would suffer severe changes to the rule set, such as the inclusion of gloves, the Kimono (Gi) being stripped, the time frame and striking limitations added and so on and so forth. With time the fighters became more well rounded learning all facets of the game. Today, though less relevant than it was in the past, Jiu Jitsu is still one of the most important disciplines in the sport.
If the sport started in the US in the early 1990's, the same seemed to happen in Japan around the same time. Considered the birth nation of Martial Arts, Japan would seem to have a head start when it came to No Holds Barred; the Japanese were serious about striking martial arts and ground fighting with their Karate and Kosen Judo schools. Still, when MMA (Vale Tudo) emerged in Japan, another Gracie name rose above all others, the name of Rickson Gracie. Considered by many the greatest BJJ competitor of all time, Rickson remained undefeated throughout his career, and once again cemented the Gracie name and the Jiu Jitsu style in that country.
Important Figures in Jiu Jitsu's History
Jiu Jitsu has not lacked charismatic and meaningful people people in it's history, here is a small capture of some important figures in chronological order:
1920's BJJ
Carlos Gracie: The founder of Gracie Jiu Jitsu, Carlos was the visionary behind the movement that became the sport of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu. Carlos opened the first Gracie Jiu Jitsu school and taught Jiu Jitsu to all his brothers.
George Gracie: The Gracie family's first champion, George fought in several different styles (Jiu Jitsu – with kimono), Luta Livre (grappling), Wrestling and Vale Tudo (no holds barred). He fought for over two decades; he would also break his bond with his brothers and even compete against them in the end of his career.
1930's BJJ
Helio Gracie: he had his first no holds barred fight in 1932 when he was 18 years old – win by choke within a minute. Helio would put a 12 year break in his career in 1938 at his prime due to personal reasons. He returned to run the Gracie school and also to compete, having two of his toughest career defeats in this second career turn (Santana and Kimuta), but also one of his proudest wins (against Kato).
1940's BJJ
Pedro Hemeterio: One of Carlos Gracie's most prolific students, the man from the Ceará region of Brazil fought and defeated numerous competitors in the name of Gracie Jiu Jitsu. He would also help develop the sport in the state of Sao Paulo in the 1950's.
1950's BJJ
Carlson Gracie: The son of Carlos Gracie was indeed one of the sports greatest icons both competitively and as a coach. He raised the bar of Jiu Jitsu competing for several decades. He was also a visionary coach, being the first instructor to have group classes rather then the one-on-one style of coaching utilized by his predecessors. His team would become one of the strongest in both MMA and BJJ in the 1970's, 1980's and 1990's.
Oswaldo Fadda: Was one of the first coaches outside Rio de Janeiro leaving behind one of the strongest non Gracie Jiu Jitsu lineages in the country with links in teams such as Nova Uniao, GF Team and many others.
1960's BJJ
Osvaldo Alves: He had a strong Judo pedigree which helped raise awareness of this aspect of grappling amongst the Gracies. His technical knowledge was of great importance, and his close contact with Reyson and Rolls Gracie in the 60's and 70s' would help further develop the sport. He has also taught several BJJ world champions.
Ivan Gomes: One of the first "Vale Tudo" men to cross train in different martial arts, Ivan was a fierce competitor that helped elevate the Jiu Jitsu name. He was considered Carlson Gracie's toughest opponent by Carlson himself. The two would open a BJJ academy together years after their bout.
1970's BJJ
Rolls Gracie: The big name of the decade and one of the biggest names in the sport, period. His ideas on cross training in Judo, Wrestling and Sambo were visionary at the time, and they helped set the pace of the sport in the right direction while also developing it technically. He was a tremendous competitor and the family's champion during the 70s and his BJJ lineage has left its mark and is one of the strongest in the world with Alliance, Gracie Barra, Checkmat and Brasa medalling consistently in tournaments around the world. His death came very prematurely and his relevance could have been even bigger if he had lived until today an age.
1980's BJJ
Carlos Gracie Junior: After the death of Rolls Gracie, Carlinhos took the helm of his academy; he would later launch a Gracie Academy in what were the outskirts of Rio de Janeiro (today a famous and trendy neighbourhood of Barra da Tijuca). This team would become one of the juggernauts of BJJ from the 1990s onwards. Carlos Gracie Jr also became the president of Jiu Jitsu's federation and really put Jiu Jitsu's name on the map at an international level.
Rickson Gracie: The Gracie family stud in the 1980's and for the most of the 1990's, Rickson is famed for his invincible record. After the disappearing of Rolls Gracie left a big whole in the family and the sport, Rickson was of tremendous influence, keeping the flame alive while bringing the sport's awareness in other parts of the world such as Japan and the United States.
Marcelo Behring: The legendary Rickson Gracie disciple was a tremendous student of the game, being considered throughout his career as the number 2 ranked fighter in the world (pound for pound), second only to Rickson Gracie. Though his death was a tragedy to the sport, his legacy lived on and the wealth of knowledge he brought to Sao Paulo helped develop the sport in that region (which is today arguably the strongest in the world when it comes to BJJ).
Ricardo De La Riva: A creator and developer of positions, De La Riva was one of the strongest competitors of his generation having also contributed to the technical development of BJJ.
1990's BJJ
Fabio Gurgel: The leader of the Alliance team was one of the strongest competitors of his generation; he was also of great importance to BJJ with his win over Denilson Maia at the Jiu Jitsu vs Luta Livre challenge. In the 1990's he went from fierce competitor, to defender of Jiu Jitsu's pride and founding member of one of BJJ's most important schools.
Royler Gracie: Already an important figure of Jiu Jitsu in the 1980's, Royler a Gracie champion of his own merit, setting the record for World Jiu Jitsu Championships and ADCC gold medals. Royler was the first king of the featherweight division and the first truly dominant BJJ'er in the new CBJJ/IBJJF era.
Royce Gracie: Royce probably brought more awareness to Jiu Jitsu then anyone on the planet. His wins at the early UFC's put Jiu Jitsu on the cover of most martial arts magazines in the world.
Wallid Ismail: The Carlson Gracie champion made headlines numerous times throughout the decade. His wins over Gracie family members Ralph, Renzo and Royce helped put his name and the name of his academy on the map, but it was his back and forth antics with Ryan Gracie really kept the press working over time. Wallid was also one of Carlson Gracie's most loyal students.
Roberto Correa/ Nino Schembri / Roberto Magalhaes: 3 very important figures for Jiu Jitsu all from the Gracie Barra academy, all 3 were world champions; however it is in the development of the technical aspect of the sport that they will always be remembered. Correa is regarded as the father of the half guard, having helped develop that position tremendously. Schembri also developed several important positions from the guard and will always be remembered as one of the sports most creative fighters, while "Roleta" Magalhaes developed the inverted guard (today also called tornado guard), another important position that came as a true puzzle when it was first introduced in the competition circuit.
2000's BJJ
Tererê: Most likely the first star in sport Jiu Jitsu, the flamboyant black belt under Alexandre Paiva was one of the big stars at the turn of the millennium. He was always a very athletic fighter who loves a challenge, including fighting 4 weight categories above his weight class (in 2004) at the Word Championship, earning a silver medal for his effort.
Saulo Ribeiro/Xande Ribeiro: The Ribeiro brothers together have 11 world BJJ gold medals and 4 ADCC first spots; they have competed and won against the best fighters of their generation. They have also developed a fair share of interesting black belt talent through their academy in California.
Marcelo Garcia: A BJJ phenomenon, this multiple time world champion in Jiu Jitsu has proven his worth numerous times with and without the gi. His charisma has also gathered a legion of fans around him, and he is regarded as one of the most talented fighters to have ever competed in BJJ.
Ronaldo Souza: Anther amazing competitor that came from the city of Manaus (like the Ribeiro Bros), "Jacare" as he is known annihilated his opposition before turning to MMA.
Roger Gracie: There is only one Roger Gracie and in BJJ there are no adjectives that can quantify this man's greatness within the sport. The amount of titles could speak for themselves, but the emphatic fashion in which he managed to pull off his wins is of tremendous significance. If it has been said that there was a time before Rolls Gracie and a time after Rolls Gracie, the same can be said about Roger Gracie.
2010's BJJ
Rafael Mendes: The Atos standout really made a mark as the most dominant featherweight of his generation, establishing that status at the age of 20. He also developed (alongside his Atos camp) several positions, being the 50-50 guard the most significant.
The BJJ Teams
Jiu Jistu always had a strong sense of community, almost family like. Granted that the same sentiment is felt in other martial arts, but the sense of belonging to a team is incredibly strong and has been for decades. In Brazil the rivalry between teams was very intense in the 1980's and 1990's, and it wasn't uncommon for members of opposite teams to feel genuine animosity towards each other, with the eventual street fight occurring. The sport has come a long way since then, and today many fighters are famed for cross training and training in more then one team, but in the 1990's this issue was taboo, and the term "Creonte" (someone who betrays their master by changing camps) was a major offence, the term was created by Carlson Gracie who was famed for nicknaming people and things and it was based on a soap opera character.
Here is a run down of the biggest Jiu Jitsu camps in the sport of BJJ:
Alliance: It started off as a union between black belt students of Jacare Cavalcanti, who gathered every competitor in their respective academies to be able to compete against the bigger teams. At the turn of the century, Alliance suffered a major split that bled the team of its best black belt competitors. The team managed to regroup on the second half of that decade and rebuild itself, becoming a true juggernaut in BJJ.
Important Alliance figures:
Romero Jacare
Fabio Gurgel
Rubens Charles
Alexandre Paiva
Marcelo Garcia
Gracie Barra: Carlos Gracie team had its glory day in the late 1990's and has been a force to be reckoned with ever since. There have been severe restructuring within their organization, which did harm their competitive team, but they still manage to develop strong talent very regularly.
Important Gracie Barra figures:
Carlos Gracie Junior
Marcio Feitosa
Jefferson Moura
Marcio Cruz
Vinicius Draculino
Gracie Humaita: One of the oldest and proudest Gracie institutions, Gracie Humaita is one of the most traditional academies in the world, from their headquarters in Rio de Janeiro they have produced several important competitors and figures and after many decades they are still amongst the best in the game.
Important Gracie Humaita figures:
Royler Gracie
Rickson Gracie
Saulo Ribeiro
Alexandre Ribeiro
Leticia Ribeiro
Checkmat: They are one of the "youngest" teams in the circuit, having formed their organization in the later years of the 2000s decade. Checkmat has hit the ground running and within this short spell they have been able to score regularly in all major tournaments around the world.
Important Checkmat Figures:
Ricardo Vieira
Leo Vieira
Michelle Nicolini
Lucas Leite
Atos: With a severe religious background, Atos (which means "Acts" like in "The Book of Acts" – the fifth book of the New Testament) has every member catechized. They are one of the youngest teams in the competitive scene (much like Checkmat), and have done very well competitively with a new style of grappling, very focussed on new guard positions.
Important Atos figures:
Ramon Lemos
André Galvao
Rafael Mendes
Claudio Calasans
Guilherme Mendes
Nova Uniao: One of the strongest lightweight teams in history, this team has lost its glow at the turn of the millennium in sport BJJ. The team has focussed more on the MMA aspect of the game, but still manages to produce quality BJJ'ers.
Important Nova Uniao figures:
André Pederneiras
Wendell Alexander
Robson Moura
Jose Aldo
Vitor Ribeiro "Shaolin"
Carlson Gracie Team: One of the strongest lineages in the world, the Carlson Gracie team had a major split in the turn of the millenium, but unlike the Alliance team, it never regained the splendour of its Hay-Day.
Important Carlson Gracie figures:
Carlson Gracie
Cassio Cardoso
Sergio Bolão
Murilo Bustamante
Zé Mario Sperry
Jiu Jitsu Competition
Another important reason why Jiu Jitsu has grown so fast since the 1990s has been the competition side that has been regulated by a governing body (IBJJF), there are different organizations spread thought the world with slightly different rules, though these (on this list) are broadly considered the biggest ones on the calendar.
The World Jiu Jitsu Championships (Mundial): The biggest tournament in the world has been running steadily since 1996, run by CBJJ/IBJJF.
The Pan Jiu-Jitsu Championship (Pan American): The second most important tournament in IBJJF calendar, it has grown from strength to strength.
World Professional Jiu Jitsu Championship (World Pro Cup): One of the newest competitions to be added to the curriculum, this UAE based tournament gathers the top competitors in the world through a series of trials held in the majority of continents. It also has the advantage of awarding a large prize money to it's contestants.
Brasileiro de Jiu Jitsu (Brazilian National Championship): One of the oldest and the most prestigious competition still held in Brazilian soil. The "Brasileiro" is a big opportunity for some of jiu jitsu's elite to showcase their skills, specially those that cannot get a visa to enter the USA where the Mundial and the Pan are held.
European Open Championship: The best chance European "Jiujiteiros" have to showcase their skills to the broader public, this event is held in Lisbon, Portugal every year in January and it marks the opening of the CBJJ/IBJJF calendar for the year.
Abu Dhabi Combat Club (ADCC): Not made specifically for Jiu Jitsu, it is the largest and most prestigious submission grappling event on the planet. BJJ practitioners have been the most successful style within the ADCC rule set.
The BJJ Rules:
The rules of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu are not simple; in fact refereeing has been a touchy subject because of this. In order to leave the sports essence intact while trying to preserve it's competitors from serious risk there have been many unconventional rules added to the manual throughout the years. Different tournaments also may apply different rules (as we see happening with the World Pro Cup and the ADCC). One of the hardest and one of the most controversial rules to judge has been the "reaping of the knee" rule, still the basic concept behind the rules of Jiu Jitsu is, if you advance/improve your positioning you get awarded points, if you force your opponent to tap (give up) due to a choke or joint lock pressure you immediately win the contest.
The Main Points Are:
"Queda" – Throw or Takedown: If both challengers are standing, and one initiates and succeeds at taking the other to the mat, he is awarded 2 points.
"Raspada/Raspagem" – Sweep: If your opponent is within your guard (any kind of guard) and you invert the position (you landing on top and your opponent on the bottom) you are awarded two points.
"Passagem de Guarda" – Guard Pass: If you are inside your opponents guard and manage to escape that position, still maintaining top position, you have improved your position and therefore are awarded 3 points.
"Pegada de Costas" – Back Mount: Regardless of where you are, if you manage to take your oponents back and place both feet around the inside of your opponent thighs (hooks), controlling him that way, you are awarded 4 points (you will need to place the hooks, body triangle will not score points).
"Montada" – Mount: On top position with both legs around the opponent's torso with knees on the ground, 4 points.
The bouts in the adult black belt division are 10 minutes long, and the opponent with the most points at the end wins the fight.
The BJJ Kimono
The Jiu Jitsu kimono is often recognized by having many patches, some belonging to the school to which the fighter belongs to, but also showcasing the fighter's sponsors. There are similarities also with the Judo Kimono, in terms of consistency, but the Judo Kimono usually has a lot more material, while the BJJ Kimono is more fitted.
The Main BJJ Kimono/Gi brands are:
- Koral Fight Co.
- Shoyoroll
- Atama
- Keiko Sports
Some Examples of BJJ in competition
Nino Schembri vs Margarida
Romulo Barral vs Demian Maia (Brasileiro 2006)
Leo Vieira vs Baret Yoshida
In hitting main stream, several celebrities have embraced the sport, some even reaching the degree of black belt. Here are a few names of famous people that have joined in:
Chuck Norris (Actor): Black belt under Jean Jacques Machado
Spencer Pratt (Celebrity)
Ashton Kutcher (Actor): Trained with Ricardo De La Riva
Eve Torres (Professional Wrestler)
Nicolas Cage (Actor): Training under Royce Gracie
Chris Conrad (Actor): Training under Jean Jacques Machado.
Jim Carrey (Actor)
Steven Daniells-Silva (Dancer): Training under Andre Pederneiras
Michael Clarke Duncan (Actor, Former Bodyguard): Trains at Gracie Academy in Torrance, CA.
Michael Dudikoff (Actor)
Sean Patrick Flanery (Actor): Black belt (promoted May 4, 2008) under Shawn Williams.
Olivier Gruner (Actor, Kickboxer)
Steve Irwin (Deceased) (Wildlife Expert/Television Personality)
Kevin James (Actor)
Milla Jovovich (Actress/Model/Fashion Designer/Singer)
Richard Norton (Martial Artist/Actor/Stuntman): Black belt under Jean Jacques Machado.
Ed O'Neill (Actor): Black belt under Rorion Gracie
CM Punk (Professional Wrestler and current holder of the World Heavyweight Championship in Professional Wrestling
Guy Ritchie (Director): Training under Renzo Gracie.
Joe Rogan (Comedian/Actor/Sports Commentator): Training under Eddie Bravo
Jason Statham (Actor)
Paul Walker (Actor/Model): Training under Ricardo "Franjinha" Miller.
Mario Van Peebles (Actor/Writer/Director)
The Undertaker (Professional Wrestler)
Alexandre Frota (Brazilian Actor)
Raul Gazola (Brazilian Actor)
Mauricio Mattar (Brazilian Actor): Black Belt from Gracie Barra
Ulises Bella (Musician):
Harley Flanagan (Musician): Training under Renzo Gracie.
Rakaa Iriscience (Musician): Training under Ryron and Rener Gracie
Tommy Lee (Musician)
Herman Li (Musician)
Maynard James Keenan (Musician): Training under Rickson Gracie.
Alex Varkatzas (Musician): Training under Cleber Luciano
Rikki Rockett (Musician): Black belt under Renato Magno.
Ben Granfelt (Musician.): Training under Alexandre Paiva.
Zack Roth (Musician): Training under Mike Mrkulic.
Bruce Williams (Blues Musician): Training under Mike Mrkulic.


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Girls star Adam Driver tied the knot over the weekend, marrying his longtime girlfriend Joanne Tucker, Us Weekly reports.
Friends of the couple tells Us Weekly they are "very comfortable and in love," and share an appreciation for theater and the arts.
See more celebrity wedding news
Driver and Tucker had a destination wedding, though the exact location has not been disclosed. Guests included Girls creator Lena Dunham and her boyfriend, Jack Antonoff of the band fun.
A friend of Driver and Tucker tells Us: "Everyone on the show is very happy for them."


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Thoughts from The Future of Money 2011 in San Francisco
Posted by shannonclark on February 28, 2011
All day I will be attending the great Future of Money conference organized by my friend Brian Zisk. I have attended his previous conferences and am looking forward to today's conference. I will update this post over the course of the day with some of my thoughts and reactions to the speakers and to conversations with my fellow attendees.
My interest in this conference is around my past studies of economics – how are the innovations happening in the payments and financial transactions spaces around the world illustrating (or perhaps not) my thoughts about how all of economics are networks. I have written about this in the past (though not much recently) a few of my past posts which are worth a reread are:
Stop complaining about capitalism and make it your bitch
$4.09 gasoline and other walking tales
The value of used a networked economics perspective
Startupcamp day 1 notes from my session on economic networks


text:
The folks at General Mills thought consumers would be excited that Cheerios now comes in peanut butter flavor, but parents of children with allergies are very upset about the new cereal. Though the box clearly indicates what's inside, they're concerned because Multi Grain Cheerios Peanut Butter look like other varieties of Cheerios. PaGina Clowes, founder of the support group Allergy Moms, says, "I know some allergy families that currently buy Cheerios are vowing not to buy them at all for fear of cross contact while processing and to avoid confusion in their own homes."
General Mills responded that they are certain that there will be no cross-contamination with regular Cheerios during manufacturing. Plus, there are already multiple varieties that contain nuts:
Currently, Honey Nut Cheerios, Banana Nut Cheerios, and Oat Cluster Cheerios Crunch contain ALMOND. Only Multi Grain Cheerios Peanut Butter contains PEANUTS.
All other varieties, including original Cheerios, Multi Grain Cheerios, Apple Cinnamon Cheerios, Chocolate Cheerios, Cinnamon Burst Cheerios, Frosted Cheerios, Fruity Cheerios, and Yogurt Burst Cheerios, do not contain nuts.
As always, If you're concerned about allergies, we highly recommend that you always consult the allergen listing and the ingredient label on any product you may consume.
Parents are concerned that children will eat the wrong type of cheerios from a friend's snack bag, but it seems like kids who are wildly allergic to peanuts could have the same issue with many other foods if they make a habit of foraging through other people's lunch boxes.


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BETHLEHEM >> Entering its eighth year, the Bethlehem Garlic Festival's reputation precedes itself. The eightfold growth in the number of vendors, as well as the wide swath of territory encompassing those vendors. Approximately 200 businesses lined the Bethlehem Fairgrounds as food enthusiasts braved the predictions of cold and rain for a wide array of garlic, food items containing garlic and other items. The festival started out with just 15 vendors, and according to Margaret Tonning, organizers had to cap the number of businesses at just 200. "I think one day," Tonning said, "it's going to be as big as Saugerties." Although the Bethlehem Garlic Festival has not yet matched the Hudson Valley Garlic Festival, which Tonning referred to in an interview, businesses from not just Connecticut, but also Massachusetts, New York and New Jersey descended on Bethlehem -- as did their loyal customers. Bill Higgins of Saratoga Springs, New York-based Saratoga Garlic said that early on in the weekend, people were buying their garlic sauces and pickled garlic by the case, rather than the bottle. "What's great about it is that there's products you only find here," said Higgins, adding "people come here with a checklist." Jessica Tudryn Wisniewski of Sunderland, Massachusetts-based Relish the Harvest said that she began coming to the Bethlehem Garlic Festival not just for the customers, but for the scenery. Relish the Harvest makes zucchini relish in sweet and hot varieties. Wisniewski said that the festival draws "a lot of food connoisseurs," but that the atmosphere was especially attractive. "The foliage is the best it's been in five years," said Wisniewski. "It's beautiful." Doug Johnson of Sunrise Sunset Farms in Bethlehem has been on board since the festival's launch, witnessing its growth firsthand. Sunrise Sunset Farms had four different varieties of garlic on hand, furthering their goal of promoting local produce, as Johnson explained. "We're trying to empasize that you should be buying local," Johnson said, adding taht "we grow it because we want people to eat more healthy food." Johnson recalled the festival's early days, adding that "it's really a great thing for Bethlehem." Tonning, who lives across the street from the fairgrounds, concurred. "I've watched this growing from its infant stages," said Tonning. "It's amazing." East Hartford restaurant Capa di Roma has found shelf space for their marinara sauces at nearly every major grocery store in Connecticut, but their owners still drum up business and brand awareness at festivals. The Bethlehem Garlic Festival was no exception, according to Michelle Bailey, who was dishing up samples of their sauce -- which is based on the same recipe used at Capa di Roma. "They'll remember what they tasted," Bailey said. The festival's spiraling growth meant that local upstarts pitched their tents alongside some of the more established businesses as well, and at least one found a quick foothold. Bethel residents Steve and Sara Spranzman of Caramel Crazy made the Bethlehem Garlic Festival their second-ever festival, as well as the first food-centric festival for Caramel Crazy to sell their different kinds of caramel -- including garlic caramel. By 4 p.m. on Sunday, Caramel Crazy had already sold out of their sea salt caramel -- Steve Spranzman estimated that they had already sold 80 percent of their stock at that point -- and Caramel Crazy sold out of caramel at their first foray at the Bridgewater Fair. Steve Spranzman, who has made the caramel used at Caramel Crazy for 20 years, but only began selling it commercially six months ago, has made a point of partnering with local businesses, such as the Farmer's Cow dairy cooperative. "It all comes down to putting the best ingredients in everything we do," said Steve Spranzman. Additionally, Spranzman continued, Caramel Crazy has its own unique niche in the culinary landscape, as do several other businesses at the festival. Spranzman said he believed Caramel Crazy was the only caramel-only manufacturer in New England -- adding "there's tons of fudge places" -- but that there were some he had found in California. Spranzman also said their goal was to be named in the festival's program in 2013, alongside such businesses as JD Gourmet. Based in Hightstown, New Jersey, JD Gourmet has sold their balsamic vinegars and olive oil blends at the Bethlehem Garlic Festival for the past seven years. But the Bethlehem festival was one of their three stops in the past weekend, along with festivals in Lafayette, New Jersey and Easton, Pennsylvania. "We had seven different events today," said Mike Elkins, the father of JD Gourmet's owners. Initially, Elkins said, JD Gourmet needed to focus their offerings. But once the owners narrowed down their lineup, Elkins said, they began searching for festivals, and the Bethlehem Garlic Festival has been fruitful. "They're all good people," said Elkins. "Just a nice country fair." Jason Siedzik can be reached firstname.lastname@example.com
, via Twitter at @RCjsiedzik, on Facebook atwww.facebook.com/RCjsiedzik
or by phone at (860) 489-3121, ext. 321.


text:
BJT Udānapāḷi Home PageUdānapāḷi 1: Bodhivaggo
Introduction to the Udāna
BJT: The text of the Udāna presented here is substantially a transliteration of the Sinhala letter version of the text as printed in the Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series, Volume XXIV. In preparing this edition the corrigenda ( śuddhi patraya ) as printed on page xxvi of that volume have been taken into account. Other corrections, made by the present editor while preparing this edition of the text, have been noted in the appropriate place.
In the original edition there were many cases where BJT was inconsistent in its use of punctuation and layout. Here an attempt has been made to present a more standardized version of the text in this regard, but as the matter is trivial on the one hand, and extremely numerous on the other, these sort of changes have not been noted.
Italics in the text and translation presented here signify that these lines were repetitions in the text that were omitted in BJT. They have been filled in here to encourage recital of the text in full.
Other texts consulted:
SHB: Paramatthadīpanī or the Commentary to the Udāna, edited by Bihalpola Siri Dewarakkhita Thera, finally revised by Mahagoda Siri Ñāṇissara Thera (Colombo, 1920, reprinted Colombo, 1990).
The Udana Pali, edited by Belideniye Siridhamma Thero (Colombo, 1983).
ChS: The Burmese edition of the text and commentary as they appear on the Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana CD-ROM Version 3 (Igatpuri, no date given, but = 1999).
Udānavarga, herausgegeben von Franz Bernhard (Göttingen 1965).
Other Works Cited:
PED: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary, edited by T. W. Rhys Davids and William Stede (1921-1925, republished, Oxford 1995).
DP: A Dictionary of Pāli, Part 1 a - kh, by Margeret Cone (Oxford 2001).
SED: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, by Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1st published 1899; corrected edition, Delhi 2002).
DPPN: Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names, G.P. Malalasekera (reprinted New Delhi, 2002).
Geography of Early Buddhism, by Bimala Churn Law (2nd edition, New Delhi 1979).
Syntax of the Cases in the Pali Nikayas, by O.H. de A. Wijesekera (Colombo 1993).
A Pāli Grammar, by Wilhelm Geiger, revised and edited by K.R. Norman (Oxford, 1994).
Pali Grammar, by Vito Perniola S.J. (Oxford 1997).
Style and Function, by Mark Allon (Tokyo 1997).
The first book in Pāḷi that I read from cover to cover without the aid of a translation was the Udāna. It struck me then, and still strikes me now, as being the ideal book to introduce students to a study of the language of the texts. There are a number of reasons for this. The first is that the Udāna is made up of related prose and verse sections, which exposes the student to the different ways in which the language is written.
Then the prose sections are for the most part short and story-like, and therefore provide an underlying context which helps with the comprehension of the language. The stories are mainly quite straightforward, and give a contextual basis for understanding the udānas, which are generally more difficult in form and syntax.
Some of the most memorable stories in the Canon have found there way into this collection, which seems to have an overall structural plan, in that it begins with events that happened just after the Sambodhi (also recorded in the Mahāvagga of the Vinaya); and the last chapter includes many events from the last days of the Buddha as recorded in the Mahāparinibbānasutta (Dīghanikāya 16). Note that the Udāna ends, not with the Buddha's parinibbāna, following which no udāna was spoken, of course; but with the parinibbāna of one of the Buddha's leading disciples Ven. Dabba Mallaputta.
As the collection takes in some of the most important events in the Buddha's career, it naturally reflects some of his most important discoveries and teachings also. Because of this there is enough material of doctrinal importance in the collection to keep the student interested, whether it be the review of paṭiccasamuppāda following the Sambodhi; the important meditation instruction to Bāhiya ; the difficult teaching on bhava given in Lokavolokanasuttaṁ or the teachings about nibbāna in the first 4 udānas of chapter 8.
The translation is presented here together with the Pāḷi line by line, and attempts - as far as is possible - to present an exact rendering of the text so as to give the student enough help to follow the wording of the text itself. Any departure from that procedure that I am aware of, has been noted. Although my main aim has been to help the student read the text itself, hopefully the translation is in fairly lucid English, so that if all that is required is a reliable translation, it can be read alone.
In preparing the notes I have concentrated on drawing attention to the structure and syntax of the language. I have been greatly helped with this by a study of the Syntax of the Cases in the Pali Nikayas, by O.H. de A. Wijesekera (his Ph.D. Thesis, prepared in 1935 at the University of London, but unfortunately not published until 1993). The book deals in great depth with syntax mainly from the point of view of the noun. Another book that I have found very useful is Pali Grammar, by Vito Perniola S.J. (which was completed in 1965, and first published in 1997). About a third of the grammar deals with syntax, and approaches the subject from different angles: agreement, case, verb, and sentence syntax.
No attempt, however, has been made to be comprehensive in treatment here, rather I simply point out certain aspects regarding the structure of the language (normally when they first occur). It is expected that the student from there on should look for the same sort of constructions on their own.
Canonical Parallels
Some of the material found in this collection is also found in other places in the Canon. Below there are 2 concordance tables to facilitate cross-reference. The first table shows places in the Canon which correspond both in the prose and udāna with the collection presented here. From this we can see that nearly all of the corresponding material has been drawn from either the Vinaya Khandhakas or the Mahāparinibbānasutta of Dīghanikāya, which are believed to have formed a narrative unit at some time. The second table shows the parallels to the udānas alone: I have not included the parallels found in Nettipakaraṇa and Peṭakopadesa, as these are simply quotations of the relevant texts.
Note that there are parallels to all the udānas in this collection in the Sanskrit Udānavarga, see the Udāna Parallels document elsewhere on this website.01
Table 1 (Prose & Udāna)
Paṭhamabodhisuttaṁ 1-1
Vinaya Mahāvagga: Bodhikathā
Dutiyabodhisuttaṁ 1-2
Vinaya Mahāvagga: Bodhikathā
Tatiyabodhisuttaṁ 1-3
Vinaya Mahāvagga: Bodhikathā The first 3 suttas in the Udāna also occur at the beginning of the Vinaya Mahāvagga. There however the Buddha is said to have reviewed
Nigrodhasuttaṁ 1-4
Vinaya Mahāvagga: Ajapālakathā
Mucalindasuttaṁ 2-1
Vinaya Mahāvagga: Mucalindakathā
Bhaddiyasuttaṁ 2.10
Saṅghabhedakkhandhakaṁ: ChaSakyapabbajjākathā
Nāgasuttaṁ 4.5
Kosambakakkhandhakaṁ: Pālileyyakagamanakathā
Rājasuttaṁ 5-1
Mallikāsuttaṁ, Kosalasaṁyuttaṁ, SN 3.8
Uposathasuttaṁ 5-5
Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakaṁ: Imasmiṁdhammavinaye-aṭṭhacchariyaṁ
Soṇasuttaṁ 5-6
Cammakkhandhakaṁ: Mahākaccānassa Pañcavaraparidassanā
Ānandasuttaṁ 5-8
Saṅghabhedakkhandhakaṁ: Pañcavatthuyācanakathā
Āyusaṅkhāravossajanasuttaṁ 6-1
Mahāparinibbānasuttaṁ, DN.16
Iddhipādasaṁyuttaṁ, SN 51.10
AN. VIII.vii.10
Cundasuttaṁ 8-5
Mahāparinibbānasuttaṁ, DN.16
Pāṭaligāmiyasuttaṁ 8-6
Mahāparinibbānasuttaṁ, DN.16
Bhesajjakkhandhakaṁ: Sunidhavassakāravatthu
Table 2 (Udāna only)
Kassapasuttaṁ 1-6
Nid II comm. on Sn 65
Jaṭilasuttaṁ 1-9 cd
Dhp 393cd
Bāhiyasuttaṁ 1-10
Mucalindasuttaṁ 2-1
Kathāvatthu: Hevatthikathā, Dutiyavaggo 1
Daṇḍasuttaṁ 2-3
Dhp 131-132
Sāriputtasuttaṁ 3-4
Th 651 (Revata), Th 999 (Sāriputta)
Pilindivacchasuttaṁ 3-6a-c
Sn 473a-c
Lokavolokanasuttaṁ 3-10
Sn 593ab;
cf. Saḷāyatanavibhaṅgasuttaṁ MN 149;
cf. Saḷāyatanasaṁyuttaṁ, SN 35.31;
cf. Khandhasaṁyuttaṁ SN 22.41;
Gopālasuttaṁ 4-3
Dhp 42
Juṇhasuttaṁ 4-4
Th 192 (Khitaka)
Piṇḍolasuttaṁ 4-6
Mahāpadānasuttaṁ (DN. 14), Cārikā-anujānanaṁ
Dhp 185
Sāriputtasuttaṁ 4-7
Th 68 (Ekuddāniya);
Pācittiyakaṇḍaṁ, Atthaṅgatasikkhāpadaṁ
Upasenasuttaṁ 4-9 vs.2
Sn 751
Kumārakasuttaṁ 5-4c-h
Dhanapālaseṭṭhipetavatthu Pv. 243cd, 244
Uposathasuttaṁ 5-5
Th 447 (Sirimaṇḍa); Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakaṁ: Imasmiṁdhammavinaye-aṭṭhacchariyaṁ
Parivārapāḷi: Gāthāsaṅgaṇikaṁ
Revatasuttaṁ 5-7
Kathāvatthu: Kaṅkhākathā
Saddhāyamānasuttaṁ 5-9
Kosambiyajātakaṁ Ja. 428; Kosambakakkhandhakaṁ: Dīghāvuvatthu
Panthakasuttaṁ 5-10d-f
Sarabhaṅgajātakaṁ Ja. 522
Subhūtisuttaṁ 6-7ab
Sn 7ab
Dutiyasattasuttaṁ 7-4a-d
Th 297a-d (Rāhula)
Lakuṇṭakabhaddiyasuttaṁ 7-5
Cittasaṁyuttaṁ SN 41.5
Taṇhākkhayasuttaṁ 7-6d-f
Dhp 230b-d;
AN. IV.i.6d-f;
AN. IV.i.8d-f;
AN. V.v.2h-j
Papañcakkhayasuttaṁ 7-8cd
lines cd occur as prose in Āneñjasappāyasuttaṁ (MN. 106);
AN. VII.vi.2
Tatiyanibbānasuttaṁ 8-3
Iti 43
Catutthanibbānasuttaṁ 8-4
Channovādasuttaṁ (MN. 144);
Saḷāyatanasaṁyuttaṁ SN 35.87;
Dutiyadabbasuttaṁ 8-10
Mahāpajāpatigotamītherī-apadānaṁ, vss. 286-287
More Udānas in the Tipiṭaka
In the Tipiṭaka we find an early classification of the Dhamma into 9 groups, they are: Sutta, Geyya, Veyyākaraṇa, Gāthā, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Jātaka, Abbhutadhamma, and Vedalla. It is not without significance that this classification includes 3 groups that were later to be collected and find their way into the Khuddakanikāya in eponymous books: Udāna, Itivuttaka, and Jātaka. This perhaps serves to show that although the collection of the material that eventually formed the Khuddakanikāya may be late, the material from which it was formed was, in some cases, known right from the earliest times. Of the other classes mentioned here none are found collected in books bearing the same names, but are spread throughout the Nikāyas as we now receive them, and it very much appears that the Nikāya classification has at some time or other, superceded the earlier one.
In the Udāna itself there are 80 discourses, and they comprise all but one of the exalted utterances that are attributed to the Buddha himself in the Tipiṭaka. There are also 2 other udānas mentioned in the collection, which are not by the Buddha. The first was the exclamation made by Ven. Bhaddiya, expressing his happiness with the monk's life (Ud. 2-10):
Sakka, king of the gods, also made an udāna after giving alms to Ven. Mahākassapa (3-7):
All the udānas of this kind that I have been able to find are collected in the Appendix. In the Jātakas many of the Bodhisatta's utterances are said to have been udānas, and they have also been collected in the same Appendix.
Collection & Organization of the Udāna
John D. Ireland in the Introduction to his translation of The Udāna (Kandy, 1997, p. 10), writes: Could the udānas have once existed as a collection apart from the introductory discourses, like the verses of the Dhammapada? In the first chapter...the udāna utterances form a group united by the common word "brahmin," which is obvious when they are read apart from the introductory discourses. So this chapter could well have been called Brāhmaṇa-vagga, following on from the last chapter of the Dhammapada... Similarly, the second chapter has the unifying theme of sukha: happiness, bliss. However, in the subsequent chapters there is often no discernible theme linking the utterances.
As Ireland noted the word brahmaṇa occurs in all the verses of the opening chapter, (1-1b, 1-2b, 1-3b, 1-4a, 1-5d, 1-6d, 1-7b, 1-8d, 1-9d, 1-10h), and so there is clearly word collocation in the udānas in this chapter. Likewise sukha occurs in nearly all of the verses of the second chapter (2-1aceh, 2-2abc, 2-3acdegh, 2-4a, 2-5a, 2-6a, 2-8c, 2-9b, 2-10c); it is missing from 2-7, but there its place is taken by the word piya (2-7af), which is related in meaning, and piya also occurs in the verse that follows it (2-8b), so that it may have come in to the collection through this connection.
It is odd that having seen the collocation of the verses in the first 2 chapters, that Ireland didn't note the clear collocation in the 3rd chapter, linked by the word bhikkhu, which occurs throughout the chapter, occuring in the following verses: 3-1a, 3-2d, 3-3d, 3-4c, 3-5c, 3-6d, 3-7a, 3-8a, 3-9d, 3-10 last verse; or in the 4th chapter where it is on the word citta : 4-1d, 4-2e, 4-3c, 4-4a, 4-5c, 4-6e, 4-8d, 4-9f, 4-10a. The 7th udāna in this chapter doesn't have the word citta, but it does have the root-connected word cetasa (4-7a).
If we were to give names to the first four chapters according to their word-collocation, we would then have Brāhmaṇavagga, Sukhavagga, Bhikkhuvagga, and Cittavagga. It is interesting to note that these four vagga titles do in fact occur in the Dhammapada, and it may be that what we have in the udāna is a fossilized remnant of a collection of verses that, as Ireland suggested, may once have stood alone.
In the following chapters there seems to be no collocation on a keyword. Still, we should note that pāpa occurs in 5-3d, 5-4ce, 5-6cd, 5-7bcd; and 5-4 may be connected to 5-5, by theme, as they both deal with the covering up of bad deeds. There does not seem to be collocation running through all the verses in the 6th chapter either, but diṭṭhi occurs in 6-6j, 6-8 (in the middle), 6-9d, 6-10h. The theme of views is also implied in 6-4 & 6-5 (see the translation), which are further linked together by having the opening 2 lines in common.
Chapter 7 has many verses dealing with the one who is everywhere free (7-7a), who has cut off the cycle (7-2a), cut off the stream (7-5d), who has no roots in the earth (7-6a), who has transcended the tether and the obstacle (7-7b), and cut off the root of craving (7-9c). Chapter 8 which begins with the well known 4 nibbāna suttas continues with that theme, see 8-5d, 8-6d, 8-8 2nd verse, 8-9 whole verse, and 8-10 both verses. Only 8-7 seems to stand apart from this.
It very much looks therefore that the organising princliple in the 2nd half of the collection was by theme, perhaps influenced by the underlying thematic consistency in the first four chapters, that had, in fact, come about from the collocation of keywords.
Another indication of this may be obtained when we examine the udānas themselves. Most of the udānas in the collection are in verse, but there are a number that are in prose. All but one of the prose udānas occur in the last four chapters (6-8, 6-10, 8-1, 8-3, 8-4; the exception is 3-10, which is discussed below). Some of these are unusual not only because they are not in verse, but because they do not appear to be udānas at all.
In the Appendix I present the udānas that are named as such found scattered throughout the Tipiṭaka. We can see from this that there are basically two groups of udānas. The first and most frequent is the exalted utterance, which is mainly what we have in the eponymous collection. The second group, which is by no means insignificant, is the exclamatory group of udānas, which are in prose.
The prose udānas listed above however, fit into neither of these categories. The udāna at 8-1, for example, begins as an address: Atthi bhikkhave tad-āyatanaṁ ... which would suggest that this is a normal doctrinal teaching. 8-3 begins in a similar way: Atthi bhikkhave ajātaṁ ... ; and 8-4 is similarly very sober and doctrinal in exposition. All three deal with nibbāna, and I would suggest that they perhaps formed part of a group, together with 8-2, which is in verse, and may therefore have found their way into the collection via that connection. This may be further confirmed by the fact that all four of the nibbāna udānas have exactly the same introduction ( nidāna ) recorded for the sayings, which may have been applied originally only to 8-2.
The udāna at 6-8 is also in prose. In this case it seems to have very little to do with the prose introduction, and one cannot help feeling that there is some sort of mis-match here, and that the discourse has been patched together in an attempt to make a normal udāna out of it. It may be that it has been added in here owing to its theme being diṭṭhi, which links it to the rest of the collection in this chapter.
There are a number of complications regarding the udāna at 6-10, not the least being that the first half of the utterance is in fact metrical in structure (the metre is Vetālīya, though the 3rd and 4th lines are corrupt); while in the 2nd half no metre can be discerned. Clearly however the 2nd half is needed to complete the sense of the 1st half, and it cannot simply have been tagged on. Again the udāna has an underlying theme of views.
The udāna that occurs at 3.10 is also very difficult owing to the confused state it which it has been preserved, with parts of it having no discernible metre, while other portions are certainly metrical, but not necessarily in whole verses. It appears to me that the udāna falls into 3 distinct sections, the first and last of which were probably originally in verse, while the middle section is in prose.
The word-collocation that joins this udāna to the others in the chapter, which is on the theme of bhikkhu, occurs in the 3rd section of the udāna, and it may be that these were the original verses in the collection, and that they have attracted the other two sections into the collection through the theme of bhava that runs throughout the udāna.
Udāna Home PageUdānapāḷi 1: Bodhivaggo
last updated: March 2008


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With training camp just weeks away, the Denver Broncos suddenly have a serious concern on their hands following the arrest of defensive end Elvis Dumervil in Miami Beach, Fla., on Saturday night.
According to the police report, Dumervil is accused of aggravated assault with a firearm. His bond was set at $7,500, -- according to KCNC-TV in Denver.
Dumervil was released from Miami-Dade County jail at approximately 3 a.m. on Sunday, NFL Network confirmed.
Miami Beach Police Department Det. Vivian Hernandez told The Associated Press on Sunday that Dumervil and another man were arrested in Miami Beach.
UPDATE:Hernandez confirmed to NFL.com and NFL Network on Monday that Dumervil has been charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon.
UPDATE:Terry Chavez, spokesperson for Miami-Dade State Attorney Katherine Fernandez Rundle, told NFL.com and NFL Network that Dumervil's arraignment is scheduled for Aug. 16 at 9 a.m. ET before Judge Darrin Gayles.
The state attorney's office will have until that time to decide whether they will file formal charges against the Bronco.
According to a victim's statement in the incident report, obtained by NFL.com, during a traffic incident the victim's vehicle, a white Impala merged in front of a Land Rover, operated by Dumervil, who had been following a Mercedes.
Both parties became agitated, made threats at one and other and honked their horns, according to the report. A passenger from the Mercedes, identified as Andy Aguste in the police report, then allegedly approached the victim's car, made verbal threats and lifted his shirt displaying a firearm. Dumervil also exited his vehicle and approached her vehicle where lifted his shirt and also displayed a firearm, according to the report.
The victim, who said she was in fear of her life, then attempted to retreat by driving off.
Dumervil could face up to five years in prison if convicted, according to Florida law.
"Our organization is aware of the matter and is continuing to gather the facts. This is a very serious allegation, and we will thoroughly review the details while the legal process runs its course."
Dumervil signed a six-year, $61.5 million contract extension following the 2009 season, in which he recorded 17 sacks and was named to the Pro Bowl and earned first-team All-Pro recognition. The 28-year-old missed the 2010 season with a torn pectoral but recorded 31 tackles and 9.5 sacks last season.
Dumervil had a legal run-in during the 2010 season and was initially charged with assault and disturbing the peace after an altercation with a parking-lot attendant at Invesco Field in Denver before a Broncos game. The charges were later dismissed.
UPDATE: Dumervil's agent, Marty Magid, told NFL.com in an email, "No charges have been filed against Elvis. No assault took place. It is likely that when the police have completed their investigation, no charges will be filed against Elvis."
We'll have more on this as it develops.


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The Palestinian death toll continues to mount as Israel strikes densely populated areas in Gaza in its campaign to quell militant rocket fire. Israeli air strikes across the Gaza Strip killed 10 people early on Monday, raising the Palestinian death toll to 87 as Israel's relentless air campaign entered its sixth day. By far the deadliest strike on Sunday was in northern Gaza City where a missile levelled a three-storey building, killing nine members of the Al-Dallu family - five of them children - and two of their neighbours.
Three Israeli civilians have died in the current round of violence, which has seen Tel Aviv and Jerusalem targeted by rockets fired from within built-up areas of Gaza City.Picture: MAHMUD HAMS/AFP/Getty Images


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Picque Caillou
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Greensboro Library, NCHome Menu
Women's Literacy Class
- Date: -
- Location: Glenwood Branch Library
1901 W. Florida St.
Greensboro, North Carolina 27403
- Cost
This is a class just for women who want to learn English. It features three aspects of learning English: reading, writing, and listening. A basic knowledge of English is recommended. Call 336-297-5000 to register.Return to previous page >>


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Greetings Ghosts! I'm happy to announce that Raven Strike is now available. This second downloadable content package for Ghost Recon Future Soldier features three new missions playable cooperatively, a new Guerrilla Mode map, and new Trophies & Challenges.
We created Raven Strike with Ghost Recon fans in mind: large maps, challenging situations and non-linear paths are the key ingredients of this awesome addition to the Ghost Recon Future Soldier experience.
New Campaign Missions
In Secure Dawn, a plane transporting a highly valuable VIP has been shot down over a forested area next to the Russian border. A distress beacon has been received. The Ghosts deploy to find the VIP and safely extract him. With sensor grenades, drone and camouflage all out of commission, the player will have to take care of business the old-fashioned way!
In Cold Walker, High Command have tracked a Raven's Rock mobile command center to the inside of a train depot, deep in the heart of Russia. The Ghosts are deployed to locate and acquire precious intel. Cold Walker features multiple environment types: a massive open environment to test your infiltration skills; a complex and dangerous rail yard for intense combat, where cover, CQC, and reaction times are vital; and more…
In Argent Thunder, the Ghosts are sent out to eliminate four Raven's Rock VIPs trying to trigger a nationalist uprising in the city. At night, in a besieged Moscow, they will have to use the full potential of their tools to comprehend the dangers of the battlefield: numerous highly-trained enemies on the surrounding buildings, rooftops, bridges and vehicles promise a difficult fight!
A New Guerrilla Mode Map
In Guerrilla mode, you have to secure and hold strategic positions against waves of incoming enemies. The first wave is all about stealth: take over the enemy HQ as quietly as possible and then hold the position against new waves of enemies. Every 10 waves, you have to secure and hold a new position. Each Guerrilla map features 50 waves of enemies. The new Guerrilla Mode map introduced by the Raven Strike DLC is called Sawmill.
The rising fog is turning this remote camp into a deathtrap. Dense woods nearby are perfect for cover and brutal close quarter combat. Drones can operate in the wide open areas near the sawmill. Play the Sawmill map alone, split-screen, on LAN, or over the internet with your friends.
New Trophies
Package Delivery
Secure General Kozlov // Mission: Secure Dawn
Bronze Trophy
Tables Turned
Fight your way out of a Bodark ambush // Mission: Cold Walker
Bronze Trophy
Clean Slate
Take down all four HVTs // Mission: Argent Thunder
Gold Trophy
Dirty Work
Complete all three maps in Raven Strike on Elite
Silver Trophy
Maximum Effort
Defeat all tactical challenges in Raven Strike
Raven Strike DLC Challenges
Secure Dawn
- Six Packer: Kill two enemies with a single bullet, and do it three times
- Swamp Person: On Elite difficulty, reach the swamp without being detected
- With a Twist: Kill 20 enemies by snapping their necks;
- Efficient Pistoleer: Kill eight enemies in less than 40 seconds with a pistol, and without reloading.
Cold Walker
- Fisher Fan: Make five consecutive kills by snapping the target's neck
- Eyes Only: Reach the station without using sensor grenades or the drone
- Station Agent: Kill all the hostiles in the train station without using sync shots
- Handgun Headhunter: Perform 20 headshots with handguns.
Argent Thunder
- Swift and Silent: Cross the bridge in under five minutes without triggering the alarm
- Wolfhunter: Kill the 4 HVTs without being taken out by sniper
- Eyes in the dark: Finish the mission without activating your NVG view
- Pistolero: Using a handgun, kill 10 consecutive enemies without any misses.
We hope that you'll enjoy the Raven Strike DLC as much as we loved making it! Feel free to ask any questions below.
See you on the battlefield!


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DS Inazuma Eleven 2 Blizzard (Käytetty)
- Myymälä Vantaa Ei varastossa
- Varasto Vantaa 1
Picking up the story of teenage goalkeeper Mark Evans and his football team one week after their triumph in the Football Frontier tournament, the Raimon Eleven begin a training session when their school is attacked by invaders from outer space from the mysterious Alius Academy. They plan to use a destructive brand of football to totally destroy the world - unless the Raimon Eleven can defeat them in a football match! Only by travelling across the whole of Japan and recruiting the country's best football players can Mark and the Raimon Eleven find a way to stop Alius Academy and save the world!
Bringing back the unique mix of RPG elements and exciting football-based action, Inazuma Eleven 2 once again allows you to control the action on the pitch and the movement of your players by using the stylus. Tap and slide your stylus across the screen to change the direction of your players, take a shot or press your opponent's team. With around 1500 players to encounter and recruit, only by creating the strongest, most balanced team will you succeed in the final match and defeat the Alius Academy.
Both versions of the game, Inazuma Eleven 2: Firestorm and Inazuma Eleven 2: Blizzard, offer the same overarching storyline with some unique differences. Each version features over 150 unique characters, unique teams to face off against, as well as unique abilities and special moves, but in order to meet other version characters you will have to trade and make important decisions on who to keep hold of and who to let go.
If you want even more challenges, Inazuma Eleven 2 features a local wireless multiplayer mode where up to four users can challenge each other with their hand-picked teams, including those who own the first Inazuma Eleven game. You can also trade players using local wireless communications, and a Teamshare mode allows you to trade teams with other players and battle their teams.


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Addendum to report #4 on my 2011 genealogy research trip to Panama
I have to say, things have really been moving on the Cadignan end of things. I also have to admit that I may have gotten so excited about the progress I was making I jumped ahead of myself and went running full steam ahead towards a conclusion based on shaky evidence. I'll explain.
First, there was the discovery of my great-uncle Louis Vallee Cadignan's birth certificate, confirming that his grandfather was Joseph Cadignan and firmly connecting us to the Cadignans of Francois, Martinique. The birth certificate also gave us an estimated birthyear of 1891 for Adele/Josephine Cadignan based on the fact that she was reported to have been 62 years old when it was issued in 1953. I wanted to confirm that I had understood this piece of information correctly with a native Spanish speaker and told my mom we should talk about it. We didn't get around to it until a couple of weeks later.
In the meantime, I thought about how nice it would be to have a month and day of birth to go along with the estimated year. I took advantage of the fact that many descendents of the Vallee Cadignan clan had gathered over the Independence Day weekend for a wedding in Atlanta. The grandmother of the bride was none other than Tia Claire, the last surviving child of Simon/Francois and Josephine/Adele. I could not make it to the wedding, so I texted my lovely cousin Ayanna and asked her to ask Claire if she remembers either of her parents' birthdays. Ayanna texted me back, reporting that Claire did not remember her father's birthday (bummer) but that her mother's was February 6 (score!).
So now I have a complete date to work with: February 6, 1891. Of course, I do have to keep in mind that the year is an estimate and the month and day were sourced from someone who lost both parents at a very young age (Claire was raised by her older siblings). But at least now we've got something concrete to work with!!
Being so excited to have these crumbs of information, I went online and scoured the internet for information on how to request a search for Martinican records. I eventually came across something better, vital records for this time period in Martinique were actually accessible through the French government's Archives Nationale d'Outre-mer website, an online repository for records related to France's colonial expansion in the Caribbean and other parts of the world. I looked through the birth records for the month of February 1891 and did not see any baby Cadignans. Given the birthyear I had was an estimate, I resolved that I would widen the search, starting with February 1890 and 1892.
Over the next couple of days I discovered other Martinican documents were available online, which led to my self-education about actes d'individualité. I was excited to pick my mother up from the airport so that I could hear about the wedding and have a captive audience for my latest leads. As she looked over Tio Louis's birth certificate I mentioned to her something seemed off and perhaps I had lost something in translation. My mother looked it over and said my understanding of what it said was correct; the problem was that there was clearly a factual inaccuracy. I had been so excited to have enough information that would give me an approximate birthyear for Josephine I had missed one really important point. Remember how I said that Claire was raised by her siblings because her parents died at an early age? My mom said Claire was three and my grandfather Hilarion (born in 1921) was nine when their mother passed away. That means she died around the year of 1930. So how could she have been present in 1953 to serve as an official witness for the issuance of this delayed birth certificate for Tio Louis?
*Sound of record scratching*
Oh, crap. I felt so silly for not having realized that, but the discrepancy was clear and the way it came about fairly easy to imagine. "Mom," I exclaimed, "they got some old lady to come and pretend to be Josephine so he could get that birth certificate!" My mom said that was entirely within the realm of possibility. I reasoned that they may have felt they had no other choice. Tio Louis probably needed the birth certificate in order to conduct some sort of business and apparently this was one way to do it (I can't imagine it was the only way, but perhaps it was the easiest or most "efficient" for his purposes.)
So where does this leave us with the birthyear we estimated for Josephine? Heck, where does that leave us as far as the validity of all of the information in that birth certificate? Only time and more research will tell. Let's break down the main pieces of information we get from the birth certificate and my reasoning about how much truth there may be to each fact.
- Louis's name, birthdate, and place of birth. I think we can feel confident all of that is true.
- Parents' names, vocations, nationalities. The only completely new piece of information, at least to me, was that Francois was a cook. The fact that the name Francois, and not Simon, was used could still prove that this was Simon's real name as it matches the name of the father on Tio Alfonso's birth certificate.
- Grandparents' names. Again, a piece of information here lines up with other evidence, in this case connecting our Josephine Cadignan to the Cadignans of Martinique through her father Joseph. But where did they get these names from for Louis's birth certificate? From oral history? Perhaps a sibling's birth certificates?
- Official witness testimony by Josephine. We know it wasn't her. Who was it? Might they have based the given of age of 62 on how old Josephine would have been if she was still alive?
Despite the questionable context in which the birth certificate was produced, I don't think it is a mere coincidence that the names Francois Vallee and Joseph Cadignan appear in Tio Louis's birth certificate. No matter how these peices of information came to be recorded in his birth record, the fact that they match details we've picked up from other sources suggests that the information was not pulled out of thin air. I believe that as we uncover more clues we'll see those names quite a few times more – not that I'm jumping to any conclusions.


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Seems like in our part of the country we are being bombarded with the issues of homosexuality and same sex marriage. Our brother, Erik Raymond, who is the preaching pastor at Emmaus Bible Church in Bellevue, Nebraska wrote the following article on his blog OrdinaryPastor.com which I want to share because in the midst of the information blitz, we cannot lose sight of a biblical worldview of what is happening. We have a tendency as Evangelicals to fall into one of two extremes, becoming blind or picking specks out of other people's eyes. This will help sharpen your focus. Erik writes:
President Obama's recent statement concerning his views of same sex marriage has generated no small amount of discussion and controversy. In what was doubtlessly a political calculation the President made that statement couched in political and attitudinal terms. That is, this new take is his personal view. He has personally has come to a place where he can now accept and stand behind same sex marriage.
This change is not restricted solely to the President. Advocates for Gay rights have tirelessly worked to change the public perception of same sex couples. Over the last 15-25 years America has done a near 180 on the issue. The attempt has been to sanitize and normalize homosexuality.
There have been countless actors, musicians, athletes, and politicians who have publicly spoken out in favor of Gay rights. Many from these same spheres have themselves disclosed that they themselves are gay. It has become commonplace to have television shows and movies with gay characters. Characters like Oscar on The Office have helped to gradually move the meter on public opinion.
Now NBC is set to debut a new show this fall entitled The New Normal. What is the premise? Two guys are married and of course can't have a child of their own. They hire a surrogate to begin their family. This is not simply an attempt at normalization from Hollywood it is a realization of it on Main Street. In a short period of time recently my wife and I saw a gay couple walking on our block, my son saw two guys kissing at their lockers at school, we visited a potential home purchase owned by two men, and have seen many (many) gay couples at the grocery store. And listen, we are in Omaha! This is, after all, "somewhere in Middle America." While it may not yet be "The New Normal" homosexuality is surely becoming more or prevalent and more accepted.
Now, what does this mean for Christians? What does this mean for missions?
Among other things,
It means that we better get justification and sanctification clear. This is such an epidemic in evangelicalism; we aim to justify the church and sanctify the world. The world is not going to keep the Ten Commandments, walk in the Spirit, or glorify Christ…they can't! They are unbelievers and they will act like it. This should not surprise us. We can recall our own unbelieving lives and we have read passages like Romans 3. The transformation into Christ likeness comes out of being declared not guilty and righteous in God's eyes (Rom. 5.1). This comes by the merit of Christ in his doing and dying for sinners like us. We cannot expect unbelievers to look and act like believers. Having our these theological categories straight will greatly aid our interaction with the new normal.
It means that we better be clear about the character of God. The repeated theme is that "God made me this way and he would not want me to be unhappy." The issue is not as much about the morality of the unbeliever but the character of God. Who is God? How did he create? Why did he create? How does he communicate what morality is? How do we know what he values? All of these questions drive us back to the Word of God for objectivity rather than subjectivity. God's love is characterized by holiness and truth. You cannot know or experience the love of God apart from truth. In order to feel his love we must know him. Before we go about arguing about the cultural usages and understanding of particular Greek words there is priority to understand and communicate who God is.
It means that we better be clear about the problem. Far too many times I have heard evangelicals talk about homosexuality like our job was to get them to become heterosexual. If we can just get them to be straight then our work is done. The Christian objective in missions is to see people become Christians! This means that we want to see all sexual sinners become worshipers of Jesus. This includes fornicators, adulterers, porn-addicts, homosexuals, or whatever other category you can think up. The goal is to become a believer who turns from the worship of self to the worship of God. It is to turn from rebellion that is characterized by the suppression of truth to the submission that is characterized by obedience to the truth (Rom. 1.18-25; 3.19-27). The central issue is worship, or idolatry. The central answer is always the gospel.
It means that we better be clear about our tone. Can you lovingly engage a homosexual with the gospel in a winsome, tactful and still faithful way? Can you love them? This is really a question that I think evangelicals need to wrestle with and decidedly answer "yes, we must!" Pivoting out of the points above, that is out of the gospel, we have to see our own weakness and neediness. Who among us is not needy of the grace of Christ? Then we must lovingly and faithfully talk to others about it. If you can't get control of yourself and speak the words of grace and truth to someone who is straight or gay then you need to ask God to give you a bigger heart. Ask him to shake you of pride and work gospel compassion down into you. I know that God is saving a lot of people from a gay lifestyle and I pray that he will continue to do so. As missionaries we need to speak and act like we actually want him to.
CONCLUSION–Be Prophetic from the Center!
The "new normal" is upon us. How will we respond? D.A. Carson has rightly said, "It is easy to sound prophetic from the margins, what we need is to be prophetic from the center." That is, preaching against issues that flow out of a rejection of the gospel (sexual sin, abortion, etc) are peripheral and must be addressed by means of the core gospel, that which is of first importance." (1 Cor. 15.3-5) In light of these ever-changing times, may this timeless charge become the "new normal" for us as evangelicals.
Posted on May 16, 2012, in Marriage and tagged christ, gospel, homosexuality, Jesus, marriage, same sex marriage, sanctification. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.


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We have been having an intermittent issue on our VoIP phone system since it was installed. I'd rather not mention the brand initially, as it sounds like we're the only customer of theirs in the world that has this issue. I.e. I don't want to tarnish their (I assume) othwise good reputation.
The problem we have is when you answer a call, there can be a delay in audio of anywhere from 2 seconds, up to over 30 seconds. Neither party can hear the other, it's dead silence on the line. There's also no audio loopback; you can't even hear yourself talking to them.
The call could be answered by Group Pickup, transferred to your extension by someone else who had answered the call, or even just an internal call between extensions in the office.
It happens to at least 6 of our 24 extensions. I say at least because some staff don't get many calls, so they may be having smaller delays and not noticing.
I have swapped network cabling, the PoE switch, phisically segregated the phone system from the rest of the network (not just made VLans), swapped some phones for new ones, even replaced the main phone system boxes that "do the work".
If anyone has any suggestions of other things to try I'd greatly appreciate it.


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Cook the Book: Fleisher's Spareribs
Saucy and drippy are usually the go-to descriptors for really great ribs but Joshua and Jessica Applestone, proprietors of Fleisher's Grass-Fed and Organic Meats and authors of The Butcher's Guide to Well-Raised Meats, would like to introduce you to ribs of another sort. Their dry-rubbed Fleisher's Spareribs are all about a thick, crunchy spice rubbed crust that encases tender ribs filled rich fatty juices.
By coating a full rack of spareribs in a salt and brown sugar based spice rub, the ribs cook slowly, either in a low oven or on a charcoal grill, taking in all of the spices in the rub and crisping on the outside for a crackly, spicy crust that can (and probably should) be eaten like potato chips.
If you're are diehard barbecue sauce fan, the Applestones don't take offense to serving a bowlful on the side for dipping, but we're going to have to agree with them—these ribs don't need anymore than the rub.
As always with our Cook the Book feature, we have five (5) copies of The Butcher's Guide to Well-Raised Meats to give away this week.
Reprinted with permission from The Butcher's Guide to Well-Raised Meats by Joshua and Jessica Applestone and Alexandra Zissu, copyright © 2011. Published by Clarkson Potter, a division of Random House, Inc.
- Yield:2
- Active time: 15 minutes
- Total time:3 1/2 hours
- Rated:
- 1/4 cup coarse salt
- 3 tablespoons freshly ground black pepper
- 1/4 cup packed dark brown sugar
- 1/4 cup paprika
- 1 tablespoon garlic powder
- 1 tablespoon onion powder
- 1 teaspoon powdered mustard
- 1 teaspoon cayenne
- 1/2 teaspoon ground celery seeds
- 1 rack pork spareribs, poundage varies from pig to pig; Fleisher's tend to be around 3 pounds
- Barbecue sauce, for serving (optional)
Make a spice rub by combining the salt, pepper, brown sugar, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, powdered mustard, cayenne, and celery seeds in a small bowl. This makes about 1 ½ cups. Coat the ribs with the rub evenly and thickly. Don't be afraid of giving them a nice crust. Put the ribs in a container large enough to hold them, cover with foil or plastic wrap, transfer to the refrigerator, and let chill for 30 minutes to 12 hours.
Fleisher's likes to use an indirect method of cooking for the ribs, either slowly in the oven at 250°F for 3 hours—or until the meat pulls easily off the bone, whichever comes first—or at about the same temperature and timing on a gas or charcoal grill.
Cut the ribs apart and serve. Fleisher's doesn't feel these ribs need anything more, but you can always serve them with barbecue sauce for dipping.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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A bunch of Greek gods living among the humans causing all sorts of mischief? That's about right.
Christopher Walken, John Turturro, Alicia Silverstone, Sharon Stone, Edie Falco, Rosie Perez, Phylicia Rashad and Oliver Platt have all joined the cast for the big-screen adaptation of "Gods Behaving Badly," based on Marie Phillips' 2007 novel, reported Movieline.
The book is being adapted by Josh Goldfaden and Marc Turtletaub, the latter of whom will be making his directorial debut.
U.S. & World
Here's a synopsis for the book from Phillips' website:
Being immortal isn't all it's cracked up to be. Life's hard for a Greek god in the 21st century: nobody believes in you any more, even your own family doesn't respect you, and you're stuck in a dilapidated hovel in north London with too many siblings and not enough hot water. But for Artemis (goddess of hunting, professional dog walker), Aphrodite (goddess of beauty, telephone sex operator) and Apollo (god of the sun, TV psychic) there's no way out…Until a meek cleaner and her would-be boyfriend come into their lives, and turn the world literally upside down.
The new film version will move the action across The Pond, per the official announcement of the film:
The film tells the story of the Greek Gods, alive and well and living in a brownstone in New York City, as they cross paths with a young couple, Kate and Neil. The intersection of the Gods and the mortals threatens not only the couple's budding relationship, but the future of everything else. Kate will be played by Alicia Silverstone and Neil by Ebon Moss-Bachrach. The gods are: Aphrodite — Sharon Stone, Apollo — Oliver Platt, Artemis — Edie Falco, Demeter — Phylicia Rashad, Dionysus — Nelsan Ellis, Eros — Gideon Glick, Hades — John Turturro, Hermes — Henry Zebrowski, Persephone — Rosie Perez and Zeus — Christopher Walken.
We like a lot of the people involved in this film and the concept has a lot of possibilities, but in the absence of a name director, the cast is all role players. Maybe they can make it work, but honestly, when was the last time you looked at your significant other and said, "Hey--that new Phylicia Rashad movie looks great"?


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