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This is part of an All Things Considered series that imagines a counterfactual history of World War I.
This summer marks 100 years since the start of World War I. Many argue that the conflict was inevitable — but what if it wasn't?
Earlier we imagined a world in which Austria-Hungary evolved in a Central European Union, the German and Russian empires became modern nation states and German remained Europe's language of scholarship.
Now we're taking a look at how it would have affected life across the Atlantic, in the U.S.
All Things Considered host Robert Siegel put the hypothetical question to historians and other experts: Ned Lebow, author of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Lives!, Margaret MacMillan, author of The War That Ended Peace, Kim Kowalke, a musicologist at the Eastman School of Music, Phil Atteberry of the University of Pittsburgh and Christopher Clark, author of The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War.
Some highlights from their counterfactual history:
- The United States' rise to world power would have been slower, but it would have been more willing to intervene in conflicts in other parts of the world.
- American identity would be slower to take shape because ethnic groups would continue to identify with their homelands, customs and languages.
- Without a century of European turmoil, the U.S. wouldn't have hosted a century of European emigre artists and composers — no Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, Paul Hindemith, Bela Bartok or Kurt Weill, among others.
- Popular music would look different as well, and we likely wouldn't have the song "God Bless America." Irving Berlin wrote it during World War I for soldiers to sing in an Army Review. George Gershwin might have stayed more of a classical composer with no reason to write his biggest pop hit, "Swanee."
- The drive for equality — through woman's suffrage and the civil rights movement — would have happened much more slowly. Without war, fewer African-Americans would have left the rural South for jobs in the industrial North; fewer would have found better schools and progress on civil rights might have been slower in coming.
- Major League Baseball probably would not have been ready for integration in Jackie Robinson's day in the late 1940s. The first player to break the color line might have been Curt Flood, in 1962.
This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News, I'm Melissa Block.
And I'm Robert Siegel.
NIGEL STANDISH: And I'm Nigel Standish outside Westminster Cathedral and we're all looking forward very, very much to this year's royal wedding, Prince Harry and Princess Elizabetha of Germany. It's true, Elizabetha, daughter of Kaiser Wilhelm the Fifth's younger brother, Prince Henry of Prussia, was named after her future husband's grandmother and distant cousin, Queen Elizabeth II.
The German royals, the Hohenzollerns, and the English royals, the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, are keeping this one in the family: Harry and Elizabetha, both descendents of Queen Victoria.
STANDISH: And yes, here they come now with the coaches in the background, the lovely gilding glinting in the summer sunlight. And...
SIEGEL: OK, in fact it didn't work out that way. One hundred years ago, Victoria's descendants, the crowned heads of Europe, abetted by their chancellors, prime ministers and generals, stumbled into a war that produced mass carnage and modern history. World War I begat World War II which begat the Cold War.
Well, this week, we are imagining the world as it might have been had the assassins in Sarajevo missed the mark and if the peace in Europe had held. For the notion of the Anglo-German royal wedding of 2014, we are indebted to Richard Ned Lebow, whose book, "Archduke Franz Ferdinand Lives," is a counterfactual history, the story of a world without world war.
RICHARD NED LEBOW: We can't rewind the tape of history. The most we can do is engage in what-if or counterfactual thought experiments. But by creating these extreme but nevertheless plausible versions, it gives us the vantage points outside of actual history to reflect back on the contingency and developments of the real historical world.
SIEGEL: Yesterday we imagined a world in which Austria-Hungary evolved into a Central European Union. The German and Russian empires evolved into modern nation states. German remained Europe's language of scholarship. OK, we didn't even go near Asia.
But on this side of the Atlantic, well, Margaret MacMillan's new book on the outset of World War I is called "The War that Ended Peace." And she figures without World War I and U.S. intervention in Europe the 20th century would still have been a sort of an American century.
MARGARET MACMILLAN: What would the United States have done if there weren't a war? I think its rise to world power would have been slower, but I think it would've gone on. But I think it would perhaps have been more willing to intervene in other parts of the world when things became difficult.
SIEGEL: More of an engaged world power by the late 1920s. In other respects, a little slower to develop.
MACMILLAN: I think that's right. I think the United States would have been more likely to engage. Certainly before the First World War, both Republicans, particularly those on the East Coast, and Democrats believed that the United States had an obligation to help other parts of the world. And I think that was true of Theodore Roosevelt. It was also true of Woodrow Wilson. And so, I think without the First World War that feeling might've been stronger within the United States.
SIEGEL: But we imagine the U.S. would have been different. Musicologist Kim Kowalke, of the Eastman School of Music, says without World War I, our identity as Americans would have been slower to take shape.
KIM KOWALKE: Most ethnic groups identified prior to World War I with their homelands and still maintained language and social customs. And after World War I, when immigration quotas came in and America for the first time was viewed as a world power, I think that's when most people in this country identified first and foremost as Americans of European descent or wherever, but no longer as Germans, Irish, French, Polish in America.
SIEGEL: Kowalke is head of the Kurt Weill Society. And he says without a century of European turmoil, we wouldn't have hosted a century of European emigre artists and composers.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Singing) On a sidewalk, Sunday morning, lies a body once in life...
KOWALKE: We don't get Schoenberg , Stravinsky, Hindemith, Bartok, Kurt Weill coming to America.
SIEGEL: And we imagine the impact would have been great on popular music, too.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: (Singing) From the mountains to the prairies...
PHIL ATTEBERRY: If World War I had not happened, I don't think we would have the song "God Bless America."
SIEGEL: This is Phil Atteberry of the University of Pittsburgh. Irving Berlin wrote the song during the war for soldiers to sing in an Army review. On second thought, Berlin put it in a trunk where it remained until he dusted it off 20 years later. Atteberry also figures that George Gershwin's career would have developed differently. He says, World War I, with its domestic migrations and military deployments, occasioned a wave of popular songs about homesickness, longing for beautiful Ohio or for being back home in Indiana. And Gershwin, who straddled the worlds of classical and popular music, hit the jackpot with one of his own.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: (Singing) Swanee, how I love you. How I love you, my dear old Swanee. The folks up North won't see me no more when I get to that Swanee shore.
ATTEBERRY: And it became the biggest selling song that Gershwin ever had.
SIEGEL: No World War I, no trend for songs of regional longing? Atteberry figures the lack of positive reinforcement for popular song early in his career would have made for a more classical Gershwin, a composer more like Aaron Copeland. Perhaps we'd have a Gershwin symphony. But "Love is Here to Stay" would never have come in the first place.
It's also arguable that in both Europe and America, the drive for legal and social equality would have happened a lot more slowly. Historian Christopher Davidson wrote "Sleepwalkers: How Europe went to War in 1914."
CHRISTOPHER DAVIDSON: The concession of votes for women is another interesting area. The First World War accelerated the granting of women's suffrage.
SIEGEL: And American civil rights? Well, Richard Ned Lebow reasons that without World War I, fewer African-Americans would have left the rural South for jobs in the industrial North. Fewer would have found better schools, less discrimination, and a more realistic ambition for genuine progress on civil rights. With no world wars, Lebow figures, Major League Baseball would not have been ready for integration in Jackie Robinson's day in the late 1940s.
His candidate to break the color line in 1962? Well, the player who, in real life, challenged baseball's reserve clause and championed free agency: Curt Flood.
CURT FLOOD: A contract with have a beginning and an end. But the reserve clause perpetuated this year after year, even though you only had a one-year contract until you died. As a matter of fact, if they resurrected Babe Ruth, the Yankees would still own him.
DAVIDSON: He was a man of enormous inner resources and courage, a fine analytical mind, probably more so than Jackie. And he would have been the kind of person the Branch Rickey of his day would have selected to break the color bar in baseball.
SIEGEL: If there had never been a World War I or II, if that pistol had jammed in Sarajevo, or if statesmen had been shrewd enough to keep the peace, Ernest Hemingway would have said "No Farewell to Arms" and there would have been no Western front where it was rarely all quiet. No "Over There." And later on, no Rosy the Riveter to epitomize women at work. On the other hand: no Auschwitz, no Hiroshima, no Iron Curtain.
This is, of course, an exercise in imagination, not history. The imagination may be incapable of thinking up the evils that would have been perpetrated in the absence of the evils that actually were. But given the cost of lives of the war they said was fought to end war - 16 million all told - it's hard to imagine a counterfactual history with no World War I that wouldn't have been at least a little better than the real world that we inhabit 100 years after the Great War began.
BLOCK: And we invite you to send us your thoughts on how history might have been different had the First World War never happened. Go to NPR.org and click Contact at the bottom of the page. Please put: No World War I in the subject line. We'll include some of your responses in tomorrow's program. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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R. Kelly Shows His MayBach 62S & Outside View Of His Mansion!
R. Kelly gives you a personal tour of his Maybach while he's prepping to go on his "Ladies Make Some Noise! Tour.
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subset: commoncrawl


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FoxBusiness.com published this deansguide article 12-23-08
Guy Kawasaki's new book "Reality Check" has many brilliant, thought provoking, and important ideas to share. One of those ideas is from Garr Reynolds and it is called the Zen of Presentations. Presentation Zen "is about restraint, simplicity, and a natural approach to presentations that is appropriate for an age in which design thinking, story-telling, and right brain thinking are crucial complements to analysis, logic, and argument.
Reynolds goes on to identify PowerPoint as a crutch rather than a tool for presentations. My feeling is that powerpoint hinders the speakers ability to connect with the audience if used incorrectly; unfortunately the majority use it incorrectly.
The following from Marty Neumeier sums up my feelings quite well:
"PowerPoint has become a full-blown epidemic. Tragically, the victims are company values such as collaboration, innovation, passion, vision, and clarity. If you want smart buy-in, give PowerPoint a rest. Substitute more engaging techniques such as stories, demonstrations, drawings, prototypes, and brainstorming exercises. If a business is a decision factory, then the presentations that inform those decisions determine their quality: garbage in, garbage out."
What makes a good presentation stick? According to the Health brothers, Chip and Dan, in their book "Made to Stick" sticky aka memorable messages share 6 common attributes:
1. Simplicity
2. Unexpectedness
3. Concreteness
4. Credibility
5. Emotions
6. Stories


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Slim Paley photo
Greetings from Sun Valley!
I escaped the "June Gloom" in Santa Barbara and I'm basking in the gorgeousness that is Idaho this time of year.
Slim Paley photo
My intention was to treat this as a "spa" week; no naughty foods, no alcohol, lots of water and plenty of exercise. For the most part I'm doing well, but last night I got carried away listening to 70's music on satellite radio (again) and all that reminiscing about high school and boys forced me to crack open a Corona!
A Bob Seger song led me to the edge and "Bachman Turner Overdrive" pushed me over. Remember the faces boys used to make when they danced to those "Guy songs"?!
We'd be like "Gaawd-that's Ricky from my math class" and your friends would be like "How do you know? You never go to math class" and then you'd be like "that's why. Dorks."
The first day I arrived this is how much snow was still in the higher mountains
A few days later it's almost entirely gone.
It's not hot yet but the days are long, with a hint of light still lingering in the big sky til after 10:00pm.
I know because last night I was telling myself I couldn't possibly go to bed before it was dark!
I love roasting vegetables in my kitchen fireplace winter or summer.
These are Anaheim chiles meant to be stuffed with cheese, except I ate all the cheese so they were just served drizzled with ghee, lemon and sea salt. Delicious.
Ever since "The incident of The Missing Wiener" on the outdoor bar-beque last year I'm a tad fearful of outdoor grilling .
The scene of the crime
Tell me a bird can get into this grill when it's burning hot and smoky and located underneath a really big overhang and fly away with a jumbo wiener.
I think not.
(don't tell the fire dept. about the "big overhang" part)
Speaking of animals,
Does this giant sweet potato/yam not look just like a walrus?
It even has whiskers!
This photo was taken before the Corona.
Speaking of the Great Outdoors, what are we watching on TV now that "Madmen" is over?
Anyone going to watch the new "DALLAS"?


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"I want you to love it"
>> Friday, June 25, 2010
Hi everyone. Welcome to my new blog. It was time for a change. I decided to get new decor and went blog hopping one day. That's how I found Natalie (Natty Sue). She emailed me right away and asked what I would like? It was important to have something bright but also true to the concept of couple's. Sophisticated with a hint of fun. I visited her site and loved her snowflakes which I called "circle things" at first. (Embarrasing when you're trying to work professionally). She is such a nice person. Whatever I wanted she made several samples and asked me to choose, always with, "I want you to love it". "If these are not to your liking, I can go back and create some more."
When she sent the last draft, after putting each peice together, I thought, "too busy!" I had to many ideas but she let me figure it out and did not interject her ideas. I loved that because it is not easy working with people, especially when you do not know them. I might have said, "Listen. this is what you asked for, get it together. Ten times is my cut off." (Just playing). After tweeking it and coming up with the final draft which is this one, except my "circle things" (snowflakes) were all white on a gray background. I showed my husband who did his signiture gesture when he is impresessed (a quick head jerk back simoultaneously closing his eyes and then opening his eyes wide); followed by, "niiice".
I liked it too but something was missing. I closed the file and then openned it agian. That's when it came to me. The snowflakes needed some color. Natalie went back to the drawing board once more and when it came back again she said, "Let me know what you think, I want you to love it." No more needs to be said. I love my new decor and the truth is I want you to love it-also. Please check out Natalie's Button and visit again. You're always welcome.


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This is a continuation of an interesting game, Monster Ball, a classic struggle between good and evil. In this game you play basketball. There are two game modes - with the bot or two player. The first to make 9 shots wins. Good luck!
© Falco Software, 2006-2020. All right reserved. Download free games for PC without registration.


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Singer Morrissey says no to Kimmel, 'Duck Dynasty'
The TV series "Duck Dynasty" is coming between Morrissey and Jimmy Kimmel.
The singer and animal rights activist says he canceled his appearance Tuesday on ABC's "Jimmy Kimmel Live" because "Duck Dynasty" cast members will be on the talk show.
Morrissey says he can't perform on a show with what he called people who "amount to animal serial killers."
A&E's "Duck Dynasty" reality show follows a Louisiana family with a business selling duck calls and decoys.
A&E did not immediately respond to requests for comment from it and the Robertson family.
A person familiar with the Kimmel show's plans confirmed that Morrissey was to appear. The person lacked authority to discuss the matter publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
The person says Morrissey's performance will be rescheduled.
ABC says the Churchill band will perform Tuesday on Kimmel's show but declined comment on the switch.
Reach AP Television Writer Lynn Elber at https://www.twitter.com/lynnelber .


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When last we reported on American Assassin, it was to inform you that Jeffrey Nachmanoff (Traitor) was set to direct. Now, it looks like Bruce Willis is in negotiations to join the adaptation. Based on the novel written by Vince Flynn and adapted by Mike Finch, American Assassin is a prequel story that shows the tragic road that led college scholar and athlete Mitch Rapp to join the CIA in order to hunt down terrorists. While the part of Rapp has yet to be cast, Willis is in talks to play a CIA operative who acts as a mentor to Rapp. Hit the jump for more.
Variety also reports that the Lorenzo di Bonaventura-produced picture will turn its sights toward casting the main protagonist once Willis is confirmed.
Here's the synopsis for American Assassin:
Before he was considered a CIA superagent, before he was thought of as a terrorist's worst nightmare, and before he was both loathed and admired by the politicians on Capitol Hill, Mitch Rapp was a gifted college athlete without a care in the world . . . and then tragedy struck.
Two decades of cutthroat, partisan politics has left the CIA and the country in an increasingly vulnerable position. Cold War veteran and CIA Operations Director Thomas Stansfield knows he must prepare his people for the next war. The rise of Islamic terrorism is coming, and it needs to be met abroad before it reaches America's shores. Stansfield directs his protÉgÉe, Irene Kennedy, and his old Cold War colleague, Stan Hurley, to form a new group of clandestine operatives who will work outside the normal chain of command—men who do not exist.
What type of man is willing to kill for his country without putting on a uniform? Kennedy finds him in the wake of the Pan Am Lockerbie terrorist attack. Two-hundred and seventy souls perished that cold December night, and thousands of family and friends were left searching for comfort. Mitch Rapp was one of them, but he was not interested in comfort. He wanted retribution.
Six months of intense training has prepared him to bring the war to the enemy's doorstep, and he does so with brutal efficiency. Rapp starts in Istanbul, where he assassinates the Turkish arms dealer who sold the explosives used in the Pan Am attack. Rapp then moves onto Hamburg with his team and across Europe, leaving a trail of bodies. All roads lead to Beirut, though, and what Rapp doesn't know is that the enemy is aware of his existence and has prepared a trap. The hunter is about to become the hunted, and Rapp will need every ounce of skill and cunning if he is to survive the war-ravaged city and its various terrorist factions. [Amazon]


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0024801 Bronte Platinum by Vervain Designer Fabric
Minimum Purchase: 2
Book: -
Content: 56% Rayon, 44% Cotton
Origin: India
Performance: see fabric sample
Repeat: Horizontal: - and Vertical: -
Width: 54 inch min (See samples)
Vervain began in 2004 as a traditional designer fabric company. A division of Fabricut, they offer luxury fabrics with amazing taste for your home. Some collections offer reproductions of vintage fabrics patterns of historic times long ago. With prints and woven fabrics by the yard you are certain to find a fabric or trim to fit your needs.
The 0024801 Bronte Platinum by Vervain Fabric is 36374 inch min (See samples) wide and contains 56% Rayon, 44% Cotton. It is sampled in - and the pattern repeat size is Horizontal: - and Vertical: - and is manufactured in India.
The fabrics sold at Swanky Fabrics are always first quality and come directly from the supplier. Most of our fabrics are multipurpose for pillows, drapery, upholstery, bedding, and many other designer inspired applications. We always recommend viewing a sample locally thru a retail fabric store, interior designer, upholsterer, or furniture showroom. If the swatch you view locally matches in name and color as our website you are buying the correct fabric. If we offer a sample, you can get a memo from our site.
This pattern is offered in the following fabric categories: Vervain, Drapery, Cotton
U.S. Shipping
We offer FREE shipping on orders of $200 or more. Orders under $200 will be charged $19.95 per order to the contiguous USA.
Items will ship via UPS, FEDEX, or USPS Priority Mail. There are a few premium brands that ship from the UK and bill at a higher fixed shipping rate and will not qualify for free shipping.
Shipping Time is estimated at 3-10 days. Our fabric warehouses normally take 1-2 business days to ship and then it will be another few days of transit time based on your final destination.
International Shipping
Orders shipping outside the United States will be shipped via USPS Priority Mail and shipping costs will be based on the weight of the items purchased.
Swanky Fabrics does not accept returns on fabrics that are sold by the yard, therefore no returns are given. We offer samples on many of our "sold by the yard" fabrics.
We guarantee the quality of all of our fabrics to be free from defects and they are all sold as FIRST QUALITY.
Fabric manufacturers produce many variations of the same fabrics. The size of the pattern, construction, and color lots may vary. Please be aware that fabric colors can vary from one computer to another and please don't buy any fabric based solely on an image in regard to color. The color, brightness and contrast settings of your monitor may vary.
If there are any questions, please ask before you place your purchase.


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The B.T. Brown Water Treatment Plant in Coweta County, Georgia, is now a licensed water bottling facility. Though the plant has been bottling water for a while now, the commercial license and machinery allows them to sell the water, rather than just give it away. By selling the water with custom-printed labels, Coweta County hopes to recover some of the cost of running the plant. The upside to this is that it helps fund a constant clean water source for residents in this part of Georgia while maintaining a full-time staff at the plant. The problem: those who actually buy the bottled water are knowingly paying for something they can get for free – municipally sourced water.
Kudos to the workers at B.T. Brown for their honesty, since most bottled water IS tap water anyway – a fact that companies like Coca-Cola and Pepsi are reluctant to admit. But if consumers know that the water sold in plastic bottles (which are bad for the environment) is the same stuff that flows from their tap, why would they buy it? Perhaps for the same reason a woman would pay thousands for a Gucci handbag – the label. The water bottle labels are custom-printed right at the plant, and according to general manager, Ellis Cadenhead, "price depends on a number of factors, including the number of colors on the label."
Up until now, the plant had been bottling water by hand. The machinery that is used to mass produce the bottled water and custom printed labels cost about $76,000. The bottled water sold will, of course, go toward recouping that investment – an investment that was probably unnecessary in the first place. The plant claims that it is trying to provide something local for companies, organizations and groups. While I'm sure all intentions are good, local organizations would do better to invest in reusable bottles that they can refill with local water. I'm sure the nearest office supply store carries clear, blank labels that can be "custom-printed" right from your home printer, if you're that desperate. You could even create your own "Gucci-labeled" reusable water bottle and sell it on e-bay for hundreds. No one needs to know it's a knock-off..


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Debt is an evergreen topic in financial writing, whether it involves the perks and perils of individual consumer debt, corporate debt or national debt. While the national debt of the United States has never really ever slipped out of the national dialogue, events over the past decade have intensified the discussion.
Tax cuts, spending on multiple wars and a major recession induced by the collapse of the housing market have combined to spike the U.S. debt burden, while sovereign debt issues have all but blown up the economies of Southern Europe (not to mention the banks, insurance companies and other investors who bought that debt). What's more, debt has started to increasingly factor into bilateral and multilateral political squabbles. While debt is fundamentally necessary to the operation of a national government, it is increasingly clear that debt can be limiting and dangerous.
Loss of Discretion
There may be nothing more central to a country's independence than the freedom to allocate its resources more or less however the populace wishes. High levels of debt directly threaten the ability of a government to control its own budget priorities.
Debt has to be repaid; while collectors may not show up at a nation's borders, a failure to repay prior debts will typically, at a minimum, result in significantly higher borrowing costs, and the availability of credit may vanish altogether. What this means, then, is that interest payments on debt are basically non-negotiable spending items. The U.S. faces this problem in 2012.
Interest on the national debt is likely to take up more than 6% of the 2013 federal budget. That's a quarter-trillion dollars that could be spent elsewhere or returned to citizens as lower tax rates. What's more, some readers may agree that the actual figure is higher than 6% - Social Security benefit obligations are not debts like T-bills or bonds, but they are balance sheet liabilities and many analysts argue that pension benefits (which are what Social Security benefits basically are), should be included in corporate liquidity analysis.
Going beyond year-to-year budgets, high debt loads also limit a nation's policy options when it comes to stimulating growth or neutralizing economic volatility. Countries like the U.S. and Japan really do not have the debt capacity to launch a second "New Deal" to stimulate employment and/or GDP growth. Likewise, debt-fueled spending risks over-stimulating the economy in the short-term at the cost of future growth, not to mention that it incentivizes the government to keep interest rates low (as high rates worsen the debt burden).
Loss of Sovereignty
Countries that rely on other nations to buy their debt run a risk of becoming beholden to their creditors and having to trade sovereignty for liquidity. Although it probably seems unthinkable today, there was a time when countries would actually go to war and seize territory over debts. The well-known Mexican-American holiday Cinco de Mayo actually doesn't celebrate Mexican independence, but rather a battlefield success over France in an invasion launched by France over suspended interest payments.
Actual military action over debt may no longer be tenable, but that doesn't mean that debt cannot be a tool of political influence and power. In disputes over trade, intellectual property and human rights, China has frequently threatened to reduce or cease purchases of U.S. debt - an act that would very likely drive up rates for the U.S. government. China made a similar threat to Japan over territorial disputes related to the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands in the East China Sea.
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Readers also need only look at what has happened to Greece and Spain to see how excessive debt imperils national sovereignty. Due to its inability to pay its debts and a mutual desire to keep Greece in the eurozone, Greece has had to accept various external conditions from the EU regarding its budget and national economic policies in exchange for forbearance and additional capital. Since then, unemployment has soared, civil unrest has grown and Greece is effectively no longer in charge of its own economic future.
When it comes to the issue of debt and sovereignty there is most definitely a distinction between internally and externally owned debt. In 2011, Japan's debt amounts to almost triple its GDP, with more than 90% of it being domestically-owned. So while China's threats are relevant given that it is the largest foreign owner of Japanese debt (about 20%), the absolute amount of influence it can wield is pretty modest. On the other hand, the majority of Greece's national debt was owned by non-Greeks, making the Greek government much more beholden to the goodwill and cooperation of other countries.
This domestic/foreign dichotomy does create a host of problems pertaining to sovereignty. Do German banks and/or government officials now have more say in Greece's economy policies than Greek voters? Likewise, do fears of debt downgrades (or unsustainable borrowing costs) push countries to shape national policies around the decisions of rating agencies? At a minimum, it does lead to questions as to whether a government is prioritizing foreigners (and/or wealthy citizens) over the interests of the average citizen, and it's certainly true that debt repayment strengthens those foreign creditors holding the debt.
Of course, it's not as though questions of sovereignty are new. The entire euro system is an explicit compromise of sovereignty - member governments surrendered monetary policy control in exchange for what they expected to be better overall trade conditions and cheaper access to debt.
Loss of Growth
National debt also needs to be assessed in the context of what it can do to a country's long-term growth capacity. When a government borrows money, it is basically (if not literally) borrowing growth and tax revenue from the future and spending it today. Said differently, national debt robs future generations of growth for the benefit of the current generation.
Historically, when that spending has gone towards projects with long productive lives (like roads, bridges or schools), it has worked out, but when the money is used for transfer payments, unneeded infrastructure (as in the case of Japan), or non-productive activities like war, the outcomes are less positive. Most economists accept that post-World War I austerity probably led to World War II. Nations felt pressure to quickly repay debts accumulated during the war, but higher interest rates led to lower economic output, which in turn led to more protectionism.
There is always a trade-off between taxes, inflation and spending when it comes to debt repayment. That debt has to get repaid eventually, and each choice has consequences. Raising taxes reduces economic growth and tends to encourage corruption and economic inequality. Stoking inflation reduces the present value of money and harms savers. Curtailing government spending reduces growth and can be highly destabilizing to an economy in the short-term.
Debt also imperils growth through the crowding-out effect. Sovereign debt issuance sucks up capital (savings) that corporations or individuals could use for their own purposes. Because the government is always the largest hog at the trough, other capital-seekers have to pay more for capital, and worthwhile value-adding projects may be abandoned or delayed because of the higher cost of capital. Along similar lines, because governments usually get a preferential price for capital and don't operate on a net present value basis (projects are launched more for political or social reasons than economic return), they can effectively push companies and private citizens out of markets. (Read more: Could Third World Debt Relief Pay Off?)
Relevance to Individuals
While individuals and families cannot run their affairs like governments do (they can't run an indefinite budget deficit, and it's not a good idea to declare war on a neighbor), there are nevertheless lessons here for individuals.
Countries don't have to worry about having national assets repossessed, but people do. Individual debt can create problems that spiral out of control and destroy a person's ability to build assets or savings, leaving that person in a situation where he or she is forever working for the bank or other creditors and not for themselves. (Read more : The 5 Most Economically-Free Countries In The World)
Most importantly, individual debt limits options and flexibility. Many people have been unable to seek better jobs outside their communities because an underwater mortgage prevents them from moving. Likewise, many people cannot leave unsatisfying jobs because they are dependent on that weekly or monthly paycheck. While people free of debt can live their lives with a great deal of freedom, individuals buried under debt will find their options perpetually limited by what their budget, creditors and credit rating allow them to do.
The Bottom Line
Debt is neither good nor bad in and of itself. Just as a life-saving drug can be fatal at excessively high doses, so too can debt cause great harm when taken to excess. When it comes to national governments, debt is alluring, addictive and dangerous. Debt allows politicians and citizens to live beyond their means; pushing hard decisions down the road and allowing the government to buy goodwill through largesse. At the same time, however, it is almost impossible to contemplate large projects without debt, nor to smooth over the minor ups and downs of the economic cycle and the timing differences between tax receipts and spending demands.
As a result, governments have no choice but to learn to live with debt and use it responsibly. Living with debt carries responsibilities, however, and national governments would do well to realize that going too far down the road of debt-fueled spending risks their own freedom of choice, sovereignty and long-term growth potential.
Read more:
The Finances Of The Global Middle Class
The Relationship Between Japanese And Chinese Economies
Stock Exchanges Around The World


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I woke up and had a serious case of the Mondays. Not only was I not psyched to go back to work, but it snowed overnight and I had to wipe off my car.
Yes, it is April 18 and this is how things go in Wisconsin. When is spring coming?
Breakfast was Post Great Grains cereal and coffee.
Snack at work was peppermint tea and part of a Racine Kringle.
Lunch was a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on an Arnold's Thin, a mango chobani, and a clementine. Oh and I almost forgot dessert because it's unpictured. I had a girl scout peanut butter sandwich cookie.
I didn't feel like cooking tonight and I never have to convince Craig to go out to eat, so off we went to Cousin's for a quick meal. I had the $2.99 special of barbecue ham and cheddar. It was ok. The cheap subs never have a lot of meat on them.
I went to the gym late, around 7 p.m., but did manage to stay for an hour. I did a full circuit of weights and logged 2.09 miles on the elliptical while watching Property Virgins on HGTV. That show makes me look forward to looking for a new house someday, but also makes me dread it! My priorities will definitely be a bigger kitchen with lots of counter space, laundry on the main floor, lots of natural light and a two car garage. Not too much to ask for, huh? Aaah, a girl can dream about not having to wipe snow off her car in the middle of April and just pulling out of the garage instead!
Even though I had a serious case of the Mondays, seeing Craig at the end of the day, playing with the cute kitties, and working out always puts me in a good mood. The workout alone changed my attitude immensely. Hooray!
I'm going to bed and hoping I'm in a better mood tomorrow. I should be, because I decided to take off on Friday and that means I only have three more days of work left! 🙂


text:
March 6, 2016 •
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Nanosuite Max Speed
Updated Nov 07, 2007 by chaorendabusi
Comment #2 Monday, November 12, 2007 8:51 AM
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Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Buprenorphine and Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00571961
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : December 12, 2007
Results First Posted : November 21, 2012
Last Update Posted : November 21, 2012
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The main purpose of this protocol is to study the effect of an HIV medication, Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir), on buprenorphine in non-HIV infected people who have been receiving the same dose of buprenorphine for at least 3 weeks.
Study Hypothesis:
Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) will increase buprenorphine plasma levels without any significant clinical effect on the subject or need for dose adjustment.
|Condition or disease
|HIV Infections
|Drug: Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) Drug: buprenorphine Other: Clinical evaluations/Blood draws
|Not Applicable
Buprenorphine (BUP) is a partial opiate agonist dosed sublingually for both supervised opiate withdrawal and maintenance for opiate dependence. Until recently, methadone has been the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for opiate-dependent persons with HIV infection. In October, 2002, buprenorphine (BUP) was approved for opiate maintenance and can be prescribed by primary care physicians. It is anticipated that many HIV specialists will begin prescribing BUP for their HIV+ patients on ARVs with a history of opiate dependence. This will continue to increase in importance as a method of treatment for this patient population for the following reasons: 1) Multiple federal programs are working to encourage the use of BUP in primary care, especially HIV primary care, settings. The goal of these programs is to increase opiate treatment slots across the country. 2) Many methadone programs have wait lists or regulations (e.g., daily dosing) which may not be possible for some patients. BUP, with its flexibility in dosing and ease of use, will increasingly become a first line in the treatment of opioid dependence.
Buprenorphine administration carries the theoretical risk of drug interactions with respect to both inhibition or induction of BUP as well as similar effects on medications co-administered with BUP. Interactions may lead to under or overdosing of buprenorphine and/or antiretroviral agents with resultant adverse clinical consequences.
Buprenorphine's effects on Kaletra and other ARVs cannot be predicted based on prior experience with methadone because BUP metabolism appears to differ from methadone in terms of its substrate and effects on cytochrome P450.
Limited information currently exists regarding interactions between HIV therapeutic agents and buprenorphine. Similar to buprenorphine, the protease inhibitors, and NNRTIs are metabolized primarily via the CYP3A4 isozyme of the cytochrome P450 system. The extent to which methadone levels decrease with induction of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes has been correlated clinically with severity of symptoms of withdrawal. Similar studies with buprenorphine are not yet available. Interactions between buprenorphine and antiretroviral agents may complicate the management of HIV disease when these medications are coadministered. In a small sample study, there was no increase in buprenorphine dosing required when co-administered with Sustiva. However, in one study with liver microsomes, ritonavir inhibited the metabolism of buprenorphine at CYP 3A4, but the clinical significance of this inhibition could not be demonstrated. It is well known that in vitro and in vivo studies do not fully correlate with one another and empiric pharmacologic interaction studies in human subjects are necessary.
The treatment of opiate addiction is a complicated and labor intensive practice. This study will require the use of Kaletra alone in HIV negative opiate dependent patients. This is critical to ascertain the reality of both objective data (levels of buprenorphine and lopinavir), as well as valid subjective symptoms of opiate withdrawal (symptoms that addicts have previously experienced and can more readily communicate).
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|12 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Single Group Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Basic Science
|Official Title:
|Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Buprenorphine and Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir)
|Study Start Date :
|January 2007
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|August 2008
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|August 2008
Experimental: 1
HIV negative subjects currently enrolled in a long-term buprenorphine maintenance therapy program for at least 3 months who have been on stable dose of buprenorphine for at least 3 weeks will be admitted to the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) for pharmacokinetic (PK) blood draws at intervals over a 24-hour period. Subjects will then receive Kaletra and buprenorphine coadministered for 14 days. Subjects will be admitted to the GCRC for a second PK sampling day.
Drug: Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir)
4 tablets, once a day (800 mg/dose) on Days 2 through 14 of this study
Drug: buprenorphine
Buprenorphine will be obtained through prescription at the subject's drug treatment program.
Other: Clinical evaluations/Blood draws
Physical examinations, vital sign measurements, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical laboratory evaluations (blood chemistry and blood counts), PK blood draws.
- Buprenorphine Area Under the Curve With LPV/r (ng/mL*hr) [ Time Frame: 15 days ]Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use of non compartmental methods. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve was determined by use of the trapezoidal rule and measured over a 24-hr time period.
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Chronic BUP users enrolled in BUP program, receiving BUP for at least 3 months and on a stable BUP dose for at least 3 weeks.
- Acceptable medical history, physical examination, 12 lead electrocardiogram, and clinical laboratory evaluations consistent with BUP maintenance
- Subjects who meet the criteria of opiate dependence, are enrolled in long-term BUP maintenance therapy, and have been on a stable dose of BUP for at least 3 weeks.
- Body weight >60 kg for males and >40 kg for females
- Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18 to 30 kg/m2, inclusive. BMI = weight (kg)/ [height (m)]2.
- Male or females, ages 18 to 65 years.
- Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must not be nursing, pregnant and on adequate non-hormonal contraception to avoid pregnancy. WOCBP must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 24 hours prior to the start of Study Day 1.
Exclusion Criteria:
Sex and Reproductive Status Exceptions
- WOCBP who are unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method to avoid pregnancy for the entire study period and for up to 4 weeks before and after the study.
- WOCBP using a prohibited contraceptive method (oral, injectable, or implantable hormonal agents)
- Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
- Women with a positive pregnancy test on enrollment or prior to study drug administration.
Medical History and Concurrent Diseases
- History or current evidence of any significant acute or chronic medical illness that, within the investigator's discretion, would interfere with the conduct or interpretation of the study.
- History of nephrolithiasis
- History of acute or chronic pancreatitis.
- History of uncontrolled chronic medical illness which could adversely affect the subject's adherence to study protocol or affect patient safety in the opinion of the investigator
- Use of any medication thought to significantly alter the metabolism of Kaletra, Buprenorphine or naloxone.
- History of any hemolytic disorders (including drug-induced hemolysis).
- Proven or suspected acute hepatitis at the time of study entry.
- Current or recent (within 3 months) gastrointestinal disease which would interfere with the conduct or interpretation of the study.
- Any major surgery within 4 weeks of enrollment. Minor surgical procedures requiring local anesthesia are exceptions.
- Any gastrointestinal surgery that could impact upon the absorption of study drug.
- Donation of blood or plasma to a blood bank or in a clinical study (except a screening visit) within 4 weeks of enrollment.
- Blood transfusion within 4 weeks of enrollment.
- Inability to tolerate oral medication.
- Inability to tolerate venipuncture and/or absence of secure venous access.
- Inability to refrain from smoking during in-patient period
- Known or suspected HIV infection (subjects who are found to be positive upon screen for HIV will be excluded).
- Known active drug or alcohol abuse, which in the opinion of the investigator makes study participation to completion unlikely.
- Any other sound medical, psychiatric and/or social reason as determined by the Investigator.
Physical and Laboratory Test Findings
- Evidence of organ dysfunction or any clinically relevant deviations from the norms observed in a buprenorphine treated population in physical examination, vital signs, ECG or clinical laboratory determinations.
- Ingestion of alcohol within 24 hours prior to the dose of study medication
- Positive breathalyzer alcohol test, or positive urine screen for barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines or opiates other than buprenorphine.
- Positive blood screen for HIV antibody.
- QTc interval >450 msec for males or >470 msec for females.
- Second or third-degree AV block.
- Creatinine clearance(as estimated by method of Cockcroft and Gault) less than 80 mL/min.
- CLcr=0.85(females only)x(140-age)x weight(kg)
- serum creatinine(mg/dL)x 72
- Subjects with bilirubin >2 mg/dL, serum albumin <2.5 g/dL and ascites, AST and ALT >3 times ULN, hemoglobin <9 g/dL, and platelet count <75,000/mm3.
- Positive serum or urine for HCG.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00571961
|United States, Connecticut
|Yale University School of Medicine
|New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06520
|Principal Investigator:
|Robert D Bruce, MD
|Yale University
|Responsible Party:
|R. Douglas Bruce, MD, MA, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Yale University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|December 12, 2007 Key Record Dates
|Results First Posted:
|November 21, 2012
|Last Update Posted:
|November 21, 2012
|Last Verified:
|October 2012
HIV Seronegativity
HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-HIV Agents
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
Analgesics, Opioid
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Sensory System Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Narcotic Antagonists


text:
Saturday, March 25, 2006
OBITUARY: Simone CARON-BOYER (1919-2006)
Priest's notebook, Côte St-Paul, MICHIGAN
Priest's Notebook
Côte St Paul
from 13 Aug 1833 to 31 Oct. 1841
18 Aug 1833 - I baptized Mary Anne OUELETTE, daughter of Armand & Euphemia DESHETRES, born about one year ago. Sp: David Grant & Teresa Miranda.
24 Aug 1833 - I baptized Jean Baptiste RIVARD, born to Charles & Teresa (SEGUIN dit LADEROUTE). no further info in original.
1 Nov 1833 - I baptized Jeremiah VERNIER, son of Laurence & Charlote TREMBLAY, born 10 Oct 1833. Sp: Soulange Navarre & G.J. Boheme.
Names of the Habitants of the Côte St. Paul, 1833 by G.J. Boheme, priest
1. Joseph Louis TREMBLAY -- Cecil MARSAC -- Charlotte SENET -- Thomas TREMBLAY
2. Pierre CHAUVIN -- Arch ST. AUBIN -- Pierre, Richard, Gabriel, Clemena, Theresa
3. Ambroise TREMBLAY -- Arch GREFFARD -- Julie, Cecila, Antoine
4. Louis GREFFARD -- dead -- Julia
5. Louis GOULET -- Arch TREMB., Louis, Geneveva -- Arch, Appollonia, Theresa, Amelia, Felicia
6. Eustace RIVARD -- Rosette DUCHENE (CHENE), Eustace, Antoine, Elizabeth
7. George LAFORGE -- Charlotte OUELETTE, Matthew, George
8. Nicholas (probably Charles Nicolas) GOUIN - Saption?, Ther, Arch, Colette, Louis, Catherine Edess
9. Pierre GOUIN -- Elizabeth RIVARD, Francois, Pet, Magl., Charles, Pantis, Ther, Felica, Fur?, Monique
10. Pierre RIVARD -- Arch SEGUIN, J. Bte, Lambert, Leon, Felica, Elizabeth, Monique
11. Charles RIVARD -- Arch SAUCIER, Joseph Ferdinand, ?rial, Arch
12. Michel RIVARD -- Agnes SAUCIER, Francois, Louis, Magl., Oliver, Adeliade, Cecilia, Agnes
13. Jos ELLAIR -- Marie GIRARDIN, Amelia, Jos, Arch, Josett, Narcis, Charles, Florence, Marie, --------Marie GIRARDIN, sister, Jos LACROIX
14. Jos FRESARD -- Mar. Ther?point?, Victoria, Francois, Jos, Isidor, Hyacinth, Sophia, Marcellin, Rosalie
15. Antoine CAMPEAU -- Cecilia COTTRELL, Antoine, Julianne, Mariann, Elia
16. Jean Louis TREMBLAY -- Cecilia FRETON, Jean, Francois, Hyacinth, Leon Jos Lambert, Cecilia, ---Magdelin, Zoe, Dorothie, Felica, Rene
17. Jean GRANT -- Angel. CAMPEAU, Alex, John, James, Oliver, David, Julien, Helene, Louis=, =Elizabeth Anne.
18. Pierre PROVENCAL -- Euphrine ST. AUBIN, Theresa THIBAULT
19. George MORAN, Theresa TREMBLAY -- Richard, Alexander, Sarianne, Catherine
20. Basile KERTY. Cecilia GREFFARD, Veronique, Amelie
21. J. Bte AUDET, Julia DEMARS?, J Bte, Zoe, Charistic, Rosalie, Amelia, Joel-Jos Marinly Julia AUDET
22. Oliver DESHETRES, Eleonor, Benjamin, Oliver, Paul. . .
23. F. FRETON, Cecilia DUPRAT, Julien, Anges, Arch, Julianne, Joseph-- Eiliblram? Thomas OUELLETTE
24. Fr. TREMB. --dead (mort.) Magdel MENY -- Henry TREMB. Isabelle CHAUVIN. Julia, Henry, Francois, Elizab., J. Bte
25. Louis TREMB. -- Angel POIRER, Prosoline, Ther., Frelice, Louis, Angelique, Maglorie
26. J. Bte. TREMB. -- Reine RENAUD, Elizab, J Bte, James, Marie, Melanie
27. Evangelist TREMB. -- Felicity ALARD, Gabriel, Amelia, Louis, Esther, Pierre
28. Amand OUELETTE, Euphresa, DESHETRES, Thomas, Marie
29. Lambert CHAUVIN, Felicity FRETON, Felicity, Leon, Agnes, Lambert, Julienne
30. Leon VERNIER -- Arch. TREMB., Gideon, Ther, Anthony, Mariann-August TREMB. Ther MIRANDA
31. F. THIBAULT -- Agnes RIVARD, Cathor. ST. AUBIN [note: #31 Catherine ST. AUBIN. She was the mother of Francis THIBAULT], Louis THIBAULT, Alexander, Maria ST. AUBIN
---Sophia THIBAULT [note: #31 Sophia THIBAULT. She was the widow of Alexis CUILLERIER dit BEABIEN who died 8 Aug. 1832, St. Antoine, Raisin Rive, Yhoros BEAUBIEN
32. Laurent VERNIER, Caroline TREMB. Laurent, Richard, Isidor, Alexanderine, Jos MIRANDA
33. Charles VERNIER. Victoria PETIT. Charles, Maria, Daniel, Justine PETIT
34. J. Bte SENET -- Adelaide PELTIER, J. Bte, Jacobi RENAUD
35. Basile SENET, Felicit BLAY, Thoma
36. Joseph RENAUD, Kiable? FRETON, Jos, Antoine, Isabelle, Ther, Louis, Edward Robert, Marie=, =Benjamin
37. Pierre ST. GEORGE -- Marie DUCHENE. Marie, Marcellin, Pierre
38. Paul MARSAC -- Catherine SENET, Maria Anne, Amelia
39. Jacques ALARD -- Theresa MARSAC, Jos. Jacq. Jabilt?, Charles, Ursula, Geneveva, Paul Sr, Wm, illegible
40. Jos FRETON, Isabelle ROBERTJEANNE, Francois, Larc?, Adelaide
41. Louis ALARD, Theresa BALARD. Ther. Jacq, Amelia, Louis Moise, Etienne, Victoria
42. Louis FRETON, Isabelle BALARD, Isabelle, Louis, Magdelene, Sara
43. Fr. ALARD, Margaret MARSAC, Francois, Victoria, Theresa
44. Edward CAMPEAU. Monique MORAN, Edward, Francois, Catherine, Elizabeth, Amelia
45. Jos ROBERTJEANNE, Monique FRETON, Victoria, Amelia, David, Narcis, Carollin, Rene, Hiliary, Parrhon?
46. Antoine RENAUD, Archange FRETON. Antoine, Amelia
47. Cajetan TREMBLAY, Carollin NAVARRE. -- Jos. TREMB. Geneve GRANT
------TREMBLAY, Jean TREMBLAY, Theados ST. GEORGE
48. Antoine GREFFARD, Theresa FRETON, Victoria, Antoine, Dominique, Richard, Sophie, Edward, Charles.
9 Sep - Marriage blessing dedicated between Moses ROBERTJEAN, son of Joseph JEANNE & Catherine PETIT and Archange FRETON, daughter of Francis & Cecilia DUPRAT,
notation of legitimate marriage solicited (?) (ambo ex legitimatus matrimoneous noti) Wit: Laurent Vernier, Joseph Freton, David John, Louis Freton, Julian Freton.
16 Feb 1834 - I baptized Francis DESHETRES, son of Oliver & Eleonora MARSAC, born 10 of this month, 1834. Of legitimate marriage. Sp: Josette Freton & Francis Deshetres.
8 Mar 1834 - I baptized Gabriel THIBAULT, son of Gabriel & Edesse SENET, born 8 Jan this year. Sp: Louis Thibault & Cecilia St. George.
15 Apr 13 - I baptized JBte VERNIER, son of Charles & Victoria PETIT, born of their legitimate marriage, the 2nd of Apr. 1834. Sp: JBte Petit, Father & Teresa Ballard.
11 May 1834 - I baptized Julia DULAC, daughter of JBte & Julia CHAUVIN, born 17 Apr 1834. Sp: Basil Kerty & Cecilia GREFFARD.
16 Jun 1834 - I baptized Victoria FRETON, daughter of Joseph & Isabelle ROBERTJEANNE, born 13 Jun 1834. Sp: Teresa Ballard & G.J. Boheme.
30 Jul 1834 - I joined in matrimony JBte MERCIER, son of Francis & Isabelle OEVMONT (OUIMET), born in Beloiel, diocese of Montreal, first party and Flavia JACQUES, daughter of Francis and Lacivia ANCOR, born in Kamouraska (Comorasco), diocese of Quebec, the other party. Wit: JJ Lejean, Laurent Vernier & Leo Vernier.
16 Sep 1834 - I joined in matrimony Celestin DEGRANDCHAMP, son of Nicolas & Marguerite DIDIER, born in Fourerolles Dept of Haute Saone, living in the parish of St. Anne, the first party and
Victoria FRESARD, daughter of Francis and Maria DUGOIDS (DURPOIS) born at Fourerolles Dept of Haute Saone, living in the parish of St. Paul, the other party. Wit: Pierre DeGrandchamps, Anthony Bisaux.
4 Oct 1834 - I baptized Aron ROBERTJEANNE son of John Moses & Archange FRETON, born 3 Oct 1834. Sp: David Roberjohn & Julia Freton.
30 Oct 1834 - I baptized Jeremiah CHAUVIN, son of Lambert & Felicity FRETON, born 30 Oct 1834. Sp; Louis Thibault & Cecilia Tremblay.
23 Nov 1834 - I baptized Joseph TARTRE (LETARTE), son of Eustache & Julia GILBERT, born 2 Nov 1834. Sp: Joseph Alard, & Victoria Robert.
5 Jan 1835 - I baptized Susan KERBY, daughter of John & Mary KERBY --(possibly Mary MOUDREAUX) age 6 years. Sp: G.J. Boheme & Esther Girardin.
5 Jan 1835 - I baptized Elise (Eliciam) KERBY, daughter of John & Mary KERBY, age 4 years. Sp: Pierre Provencal & Euphemia St. Aubin.
20 Dec 1834 - I baptized Anna KERBY, daughter of John & Mary KERBY, born 26 Aug 1834. Sp: John Grant & G.J. Boheme.
13 Feb 1835 - I baptized Alexandrine ST GEORGE, daughter of Peter & Maria DUCHENE, born 11 Feb 1835. Sp: Laurence VERNIER dit Laudoceur & Cecilia St. George.
8 Mar 1835 - I baptized Geneveva TREMBLAY, daughter of John Evangelist (Evangelist) & Felicity ALARD, born 16 Nov 1834. Sp: Laurent Vernier & Charlotte Tremblay.
26 Mar 1835 - I baptized Mary Ann VERNIER, daughter of Leon & Archange TREMBLAY born 26 Mar 1835. Sp: G.J. Boheme & Regina Renaud.
27 Mar 1835 - I baptized Fabian SENET, son of JBte & Adelaide PELTIER, born 19 Mar 1835. Sp: Charles Alard & Cecil St. George.
19 Apr 1835 - I baptized Edward NORMANDIN, son of Julian & Adelaide LARIVIERE (LARRIVIER) (CLEMENT dit LARIVIERE), born 16 last. Sp: Peter Normandin & Pauline Tremblay.
15 Apr 1835 - I baptized Teresa VERNIER, daughter of Laurence & Charlotte TREMBLAY, born 11 Apr. 1835. Sp: Teresa Vernier & Laurence Vernier, son.
28 Jul 1835 - I baptized Maria DUTOUR, daughter of Edward & Anastasia LETOURNEAU, born 11 Jul 1835. Sp: Oliver Grant & Teresa Thibault.
15 Aug 1835 - I baptized Theodore J RIVARD, son of JBte & Amelia ELLAIR, born 10 Aug 1835. Sp: Oliver Rivard & Archange Ellair.
26 Oct 1835 - I joined in matrimony Dominic SENET, son of Ignatius & Seraphine GREFFARD, born in Grand Marais, living at St. Paul, first party, and Marguerite MARSAC, daughter of JBte & Teresa ANDREWS, widow of Fr. ALARD, living at St. Paul, the other party. Wit: Peter Alard, Basil Senet, Maria Anne Marsac.
17 Jan 1836 - I baptized Archange RENAUD, daughter of Anthony & Anna MORAS, born 11 Dec 1835. Sp: Laurent Vernier & Archange F....and
8 Feb 1836 - I joined in matrimony Louis TREMBLAY, son of Louis & Geneveva LAMARE from St. Phillipe in the diocese of Montreal, Canada and living at St. Paul, the first party, and Victoria ROBERTJEANNE, daughter of Joseph & Monica FRETON, from St Paul and living there, the other party. Wit: Joseph Robert, Anthony Renaud, JBte Rivard.
21 Feb 1836 - I baptized Peter BAUCET dit MORENCY (MORENCY), son of Joseph & Julia TREMBLAY, born 19 Feb 1836. So: Peter Tremblay and Teresa Freton.
The same day and year I baptized Paul MORENCY (see above), son of Joseph & Julia TREMBLAY, born 19 Feb 1836. Sp: Paul Ratel & Monica Freton.
21 Feb 1836 - I baptized Julian THOMAS, son of JBte & Agatha DESHETRES, born 15 Feb 1836. Sp: Gideon Labadie & Catherine Thomas.
2 Mar 1836 - I baptized Joseph VERNIER, son of Leo & Archange TREMBLAY, born 27 Feb 1836. Sp: Gideon Vernier & Marie Sarah Scott.
5 Mar 1836 - I baptized William MORAN, son of George & Teresa TREMBLAY, born 19 Jan 1836. Sp: Charlotte Tremblay & Mr. Bernier...
9 Mar 1836 - I baptized Sarah ALARD, daughter of Peter & Amelia DESHETRES, born 8 Mar 1836. Sp: Peter Alard, Father & Agatha LaPerle. [Translator's note: sponsors were husband and wife].
4 Apr 1836 - I baptized Eleonora DESHETRES, daughter of Oliver & Eleonora MARSAC, born 2 Mar 1836. Sp: Leo Tremblay & Agnes Freton.
6 Aug 1836 - I baptized Edward VERNIER, son of Charles & Victoria PETIT, born 29 Jul 1836. Sp: Leo Vernier & Pauline Vernier.
7 Aug 1836 - I baptized Dominic SENET, son of Dominic & Marguerite MARSAC, born 3 Aug 1836. Sp: Narcisse Labadie & Angelica Freton.
2 Sep 1836 - I baptized Louis TREMBLAY, son of Louis & Victoria ROBERTJEAN, born 24 Aug 1836. Sp: Monica Freton [translator's note: sponsor was maternal grandmother].
14 Sep 1836 - I baptized Isabelle CHAUVIN, daughter of Lambert & Felicity FRETON, born 6 Sep 1836. Sp: Felicity Chauvin & Leon Tremblay.
1 Oct 1836 - I baptized Damasus SENET, son of JBte & Adelaide PELTIER, born 28 Sep 1836. Sp: Charles Vernier & his wife.
1 Oct 1836 - I baptized Seraphine SENET, daughter of Basil & Felicity BLAY, bron 30 Sep 1836. Sp: Anthony Greffard & Isabelle Renaud.
13 Nov 1836 - I baptized Vernonica DUTOUR, daughter of Edward & Anastacia LETOURNEAU, born 18 Oct 1836. Sp: Joseph FRESARD & Veronica Kerty.
14 Nov 1836 - I baptized Adelaide BERNIER, daughter of Peter & Adelaide MORAS, born 13 Nov 1836. Sp: David Grant & Theresa Moras.
13 Dec 1836 - I baptized Teresa SILVAIN (?), daughter of Anthony & Archange MARSAC, born in the month of Nov 1832. Sp: Teresa Marsac & G.J. Boheme.
28 Mar 1837 - I baptized Peter NORMANDIN, son of Julian & Adelaide LARIVIERE (LARRIVIE), born 25 Mar 1837. Sp:_________(blank in original) Laplanche & Cecilia Freton.
28 Mar 1837 - I baptized Marie Virginai VERNIER, daughter of Laurent & Charlotte TREMBLAY, born 24 Mar 1837. Sp: Charles Vernier & Victoria Petit.
25 Jun 1837 - I baptized Eleanora ST GEORGE, daughter of Peter & Maria DUCHENE, born 16 Jun 1837. Sp: Joseph Tremblay & Theodore St. George.
18 Jul 1837 - I joined in matrimony Claude (?) FRESARD, son of Francis & Maria DUGOIDS? (DURPOID), originating from Fougerolles Dept of Haute Saone in France (Gallia) and living in the parish of St Paul, first party and Archange ELLAIR (Hilaire), daughter of Joseph & Marie GIRARDIN, from the parish of St Paul and living there, the other party. Wit: Peter Provencal, John Rivard, and Joseph Fresard.
30 Aug 1837 - I baptized Adolph ALARD, son of Peter, Junior & Amelia DESHETRES, born 27 Aug 1837. Sp: John Tremblay & Pauline Tremblay.
14 Dec 1837 - I baptized Camille TREMBLAY, son of Louis & Victoria ROBERTJEAN, born 2 Dec 1837. Sp: Jacques Alard, son & Caroline Jeannes.
26 Dec 1837 - I baptized Isadore TREMBLAY, son of Joseph & Geneveva GRANT, born 28 Oct 1837. Sp: Gideon Vernier & Catherine Tremblay.
29 Mar 1838 - I baptized Andrew VERNIER, son of Leo & Archange TREMBLAY, born 22 Feb 1838. Sp: Laurent Vernier & Charlotte Tremblay.
24 Apr 1838 - I baptized Gilbert J MORAN, son of George & Teresa TREMBLAY, born (blank in original) 1838. Sp: Teresa Vernier & G.J. Boheme.
24 Apr 1838 - I joined in matrimony Vital BEAUFAIT, son of Louis & Maria SAUCIER, from the parish of St. Anne and living there, first party and Geneveva MELDRUM, daughter of William & Geneveva RIVARD, from the parish of St. Anne and living there. Wit: Oliver Rivard, Eustache Tremblay.
8 Jun - I baptized Anthony MORAS, son of Magloire & Julia (probably Mary Judith) GRANT born 3 Jun 1838. Sp: Anthony Moras & Helene Grant.
19 Jun 1838 - I joined in matrimony Denis MORIN, son of Isadore & Archange MELOCHE, born at St. Anne's and living in La Baie, first party and Catherine TREMBLAY, daughter of Cajetan & Charlotte NAVARRE, born at St. Paul and living there (end of entry).
15 Jul 1838 - I baptized Leon DESHETRES, son of Oliver & Eleanora MARSAC, born 2 Jul 1838. Sp: Nicholas Benoit and Teresa Vernier.
20 Aug 1838 - I baptized Teresa Siosalia (?) FRESARD, daughter of Claude & Archange ELLAIR, born 9 Aug 1838. Sp: Isadore Frezard & Josette Ellair.
2 Sep 1838 - I baptized Francis Xavier ELLAIR, son of Joseph & Florence GIRARDIN, born 25 Aug 1838. Sp: Francis Tremblay & Josette Ellair.
21 Sep 1838 - I baptized Francis CHAUVIN, son of Lambert & Felicity FRETON, born 10 Aug 1838. Sp: Charlotte Tremblay.
12 Feb 1839 - I joined in matrimony Basil THIBAULT, son of Basil & Isabelle BERNARD (ST BERNARD), born in St. Anne's parish but living in the parish of St. Clair and Elizabeth TREMBLAY, daughter of JBte & Regina (Irene) probably RENAUD, born in St. Anne's parish & living in St. Paul's. Wit: Francis Thibault & Peter Alard.
11 Mar 1839 - I baptized Narcisse TREMBLAY, son of Louis & Victoria ROBERTJEANNE, born 22 Feb 1839. Sp: Francis Tremblay & Amelia Robertjeanne.
29 May 1839 - I baptized Catherine VERNIER, daughter of Laurent & Caroline probably (Charlotte) TREMBLAY, born 24 May 1839. Sp: Richard Vernier & Talcide (Thercille?) Vernier.
The same day & year I baptized Dosithee BERNIER, son of Peter & Adelaide MORAS, born 3 Apr 1839. Sp: Robert Meldrum & Julia Grant.
24 Jul 1839 - I baptized Louis Gilbert CAMPEAU, son of Edward & Monica MORAN, born 9 Jun 1839. Sp: Euphemia Provencal & ________ (blank in original).
24 Aug 1839 - I baptized Oliver NORMANDIN (?), son of Julian & Adelaide (No last name in original), born 19 Aug 1839. Sp: Louis Tremblay & illegible.
19 Jan 1840 - I baptized Fania MORAS, Maglorie & Julianna probably (Mary Judith), GRANT born 18 Jan 1840. Sp: Oliver Grant & Teresa Thibault.
20 Jan 1840 - I baptized Andrea (?) or Andre ST GEORGE, Peter & Maria DUCHENE, born 15 Jan 1840. Sp: Anthony Renaud & Maria St. George.
3 Dec 1839 - I baptized Archange VERNIER, Leon & Archange TREMBLAY, born 2 Dec 1839. Sp: Victoira Petit & G. Boheme.
15 Dec 1839 - I baptized Louis MORAN -- George & Teresa TREMBLAY, born 25 Nov 1839. Sp: Laurent Vernier & his wife.
18 Feb 1840 - I joined in matrimony Joseph RENAUD, son of Joseph & Theotiste FRETON, born at St. Paul and living there, first party
and Victoria PETIT, widow of Charles VERNIER (Celoli LADOUCER), the other party. Wit: Joseph Renaud, Father & Anthony Renaud, brother?
23 Feb 1840 - I baptized David WILTON, Laurent & Lucy ST GEORGE, born 10 Feb. 1840. Sp: David Robertjohn & Isabelle Renaud.
10 Aug 1840 - I baptized Maria DUCHENE, Francis & Isabelle ALARD, born (nothing more written in original).
22 Aug 1840 - I joined in matrimony Louis GOULET, widower of Archange TREMBLAY, living in the parish of St. Paul, first party
and Adelaide PETIT, widow of JBte SENET, and living at St. Paul, the other party. Wit: Joseph Renaud, Junior & Peter St. George.
24 Nov 1840 - I joined in matrimony Joseph WITTMORE? (WITERCORE), Joseph & Susanna FLESCANER (?), born Deatici (? might be Deatili) in Germany inferior and living at St. Paul's first party and Teresa ALARD, Louis & Teresa GODFOY BALARD, born at St. Paul and living there. Wit: Francis VanAntwerp & Fr Duchene.
10 Dec 1840 - I baptized Sophia TREMBLAY, daughter of Robert & Felicity BERTHIAUME (BARTAIN), born 3 Dec 1840. Sp: William Conner, Mar. Conner.
28 Dec 1840 - I baptized M. Louisa FRESARD, daughter of Claude & Archange ELLAIR (HILAIRE), born 19 Dec 1840. Sp: Hyacinthe Frezard & Esther Girardin.
[Translator's note: see 1837 St. Paul marriage of Claude & Archange listed earlier. Also Claude is brother of Hyacinthe.]
11 Jan 1841 - I baptized Victoria RENAUD, Joseph & Victoria PETIT, born 20 Nov 1840. Sp: Joseph Renaud & Theotiste his wife.
[Translator's note: see 1840 St. Paul marriage listed earlier.]
12 Apr 1841 - I baptized Gilbert J. VERNIER, Laurent & Charlotte TREMBLAY, born 9 Apr 1841 -- feria 6a maj.? habd.? Sp: G.J. Boheme & Agnes Rivard.
20 Apr 1841 - I joined in matrimony Hippolyte MARSAC, widower of Catherine SENET, born at St. Paul and living there, first party
and Catherine LAMY, Joseph and Marie REAUME (?) born at Montreal and living at St. Paul, the other party. Wit: Gazet Tremblay & Joseph Lamy.
26 Apr 1841 - I joined in matrimony Jacob CONSIDINI -- Jacob & Margar KANTY (?) born at St. JBte in County Clare, Ireland and living at St. Paul, first party and Mary DOHERTY? (DWARI) widow of Patrick KISSY and George MCLAUGHLIN (MCLOCKLAND) born in County Limerick in the parish known as Mitcheltown, Ireland and living in St. Paul, the other party. Wit: Joseph Tremblay & Joseph Alard.
8 May 1841 - I baptized Joseph TASSE, Vincent & Archange DUCHENE, born 3 May 1841. Sp: Joseph Witercore (Wittmore?) & Thomas Alard.
24 May 1841 - I baptized Louis TREMBLAY, Joseph & Geneveva GRANT, born 12 May 1841. Sp: Louis Grant & Teresa Vernier.
31 Oct 1841- I baptized Frances or Francis CADET -- Joseph & Adelaide ROCHON, born 14 Feb 1841. Sp: Colette? Benoit & Justine Cadet.
PFC Herve William DUCHARME, World War II
38th Infantry, Company "C":
1943.12.07 = Fort Devens, MA
1944.02.16 = Camp Croft, SC
Members of the
1206th QM Company
Pictures of Herve DUCHARME during WW II may be seen in album 14 on our Webshots site:
1. Applegate Vincent F. PFC
2. Bass Willie C. PFC
3. Beck George Pvt
4. Benfante J. L. Pvt
5. Blume Otto Cpl
6. Bowles Thomas L. Sgt
7. Brenner George Cpl
8. Brogdon John C. Jr Capt
9. Byrne Raymond V. PFC
10. Carroll Marvin W. Sgt
11. Clanton Earnest E. Pvt
12. Clupper Fred L. Sgt
13. Davis King E. Pvt
14. Dempsey Charles A. M/Sgt
15. Desmong Paul E. T/Sgt
16. Donovan James Cpl
17. Drifmeyer Raymond W. Cpl
18. Drozdowski Chester V. PFC
19. Druback Edward J. S/Sgt
20. Ducharme Herve W. PFC b. 1914, d. 1982
21. Dym Irving PFC22. Enstein Wilbert PFC
23. Evanson Arthur F. Pvt
24. Evitts Forest PFC
25. Feasler John F. S/Sgt
26. Finklestein Richard Spec
27. Flowers Ernest E.
28. Forrester William S/Sgt
29. Funderburk William T.M/Sgt
30. Garrard Harold A. Pvt
31. Giannetti Bethando R. Pvt
32. Graham William J. Cpl
33. Greene John W. PFC
34. Haggard Willie L. PFC
35. Harker Orris W. S/Sgt
36. Harvard Augustus R. PFC
37. Hendrix John F. Sgt
38. Hildebrand Samuel H. Sgt
39. Holmes Albert C. Jr Pvt
40. Hoover Gary L. PFC
41. Houck George D. Pvt
42. Irish Russell C. 1st Lt
43. Jacen Joseph C. PFC
44. Kaczorek Joseph E. 1st Lt., b.1919.01.21, d.1960.03.05
45. Kearney Joseph F. Sgt
46. Keener Allen PFC
47. King James Pvt
48. Koerper Walter C. Maj
49. Kolakowski Joseph Pvt
50. Kostyshak Peter PFC
51. Kulasinski Andrew J. Cpl
52. Lewis Roy A. Sgt
53. Lineberger Kelly A. T/Sgt
54. Long Clyde PFC
55. MacInnes Carlton A. Cpl
56. Machnik John S. Cpl
57. Marchese Dominick S. Sgt
58. Marcou Leonard G. Pvt
59. Martin Bernard J. 1st Lt
60. Matthews Jack R. PFC
61. McBee Ralph W. Cpl
62. McConnell Billie G. E PFC
63. Neuhardt Charles P. PFC
64. O'Connell Richard F. S/Sgt
65. Oliver Oswell O. S/Sgt
66. Ovehile G. G. Cpl
67. Passwater Paul R. Sgt
68. Powell Paul E. Cpl
69. Reagen Clyde E. Cpl
70. Ricci Gaston M. Cpl
71. Roland Vincent PFC
72. Ross Joseph Cpl
73. Ruppert Russell W. T/Sgt
74. Ruth L. Cpl
75. Schneider Ludwig G. S/Sgt
76. Schneider Victor W. Sgt
77. Shearer Joseph E. T/Sgt
78. Sheets Charlie R. Cpl
79. Silvio Victor V. PFC
80. Simon Richard B. 1st Lt.
81. Smith Howard C. Cpl
82. Stephens Charles J. PFC
83. Tell Walter V. PFC
84. Temkin Samuel M/Sgt.
<85. Tinsley Richard R. PFC
86. Tomkin Samuel M/Sgt
87. Tounpas Aristides Sgt
88. Visca Dominick R. Spec. 5
89. Whatton John J. Cpl
90. Willard Robert A. 1st Lt
91. Wozniak Andy Cpl
Father JULIEN VIAU (1936-2002)
CURRICULUM VITAE: JULIEN VIAU, pmé
Born in Cochrane, Ontario 1936.08.18, the 1st child of 9 of ERNEST VIAU (carpenter from Norembega, Ont.)+IRENE PAPINEAU (9th child of 16 of JULIEN+ALICE DESJARDINS) of Saint-Janvier, Québec.
Primary education in Norembega and Ansonville, Ontario and in Waterville, Québec.
1950-1958: Classical studies at the Minor Seminary in Sainte-Thérèse, Québec.
1954-1957: Diocesan president of the Jeunesse étudiante catholique (JÉC) of Saint-Jérome, Québec.
1958-1959: Probation within the Society of the Missions-étrangères in Sainte-Foy, Québec.
1959-1963: Theological studies at Pont Viau, Québec at the Society of Foreign Missions.
1962.12.21: Ordained as a RC priest by Msgr. Paul-Émile Charbonneau, auxiliary bishop of Ottawa, Ontario, at Saint-Charles church of Eastview, Ontario.
1963-1965: Studies in Canon Law at the Gregorian University of Rome. Diploma conferred in June of 1965.
1965-1967: Studies in Liturgy and Canon Law at the Catholic Institute of Paris.
1967.06: Masters in Liturgy and Doctorate in Canon Law.
1967-1983: Attaché at the Apostolic Nunciatur in Havana, Cuba.
1978-1982: Regional superior of the Society of the Missions-étrangères (PMÉ) in Cuba.
1982: Responsible for the future missions of the PMÉ in Africa.
1983-1987: Responsible for the PMÉ in Sudan.
1983-1984: Study of the Arabic language in Cairo, Egypt.
1984-1986: Missionary and Financial Administrator of the diocese of Wau, Sudan.
1986-1994: Pastor of Saint Peter and Paul parish in rtoum, Sudan
1990-2002: Professor of Liturgy and Canon Law at Saint Paul's Major National Seminary in Khartoum, Sudan.
1994 to 2002: Coordinator of Pastoral Care at Saint Paul's Major National Seminary in Khartoum, Sudan.
2002.05.14: Died suddenly of a massive heart attack in Laval, QC


text:
In 2000 the scientists Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer used the concept of the Anthropocene to denote the ever increasing influence of humans on Earth.
The word has entered the scientific and popular literature as a vivid expression of the degree of environmental change on planet Earth caused by humans.
Humans are now drivers of environmental change on a scale that is unique in Earth's history.
Human driven biological, chemical and physical changes to the Earth's system are so great, rapid and distinct that they may characterise an entirely new epoch – The Anthropocene.
How humans transform the landscape.
Indicators for early human transformation of the landscape.
How can evidence of the Anthropocene be mapped?
Where and how might anthropogenic deposits be preserved?
How population growth might affect the scale of landscape transformation.
For the Anthropocene to become a useful concept, it needs some quantification including:
'How might the Anthropocene be unique relative to the Holocene or the Pleistocene epochs that preceded it?'
'What criteria could we use to quantify when the Anthropocene began, and how might future generations of geologists recognise its signal in the rocks?'
These questions are being addressed by BGS scientists within a team of global collaborators.
The global human population was around 300 million in the year 1000 AD, 500 million at 1500 AD, and 790 million by 1750 AD (United Nations, 1999). It is estimated that the current global population is 7 billion (United Nations, 2011). Exploitation of resources was limited mostly to firewood and muscle power. Archaeological and fossil evidence seen in Holocene geology show how human activity increased.
Though human remains and artefacts are rare from this time, other indicators such as the presence of seeds and pollen from woodland trees and plants followed by pollen from crops shows how humans cleared large areas of woodland for agriculture. Soil was exposed to weathering in deforested regions and this is seen in pulses of sediment, which collected in valley bottoms. Mineral resources were dug from the ground and the landscape began to change but on a local scale.
Lead pollution is found in polar ice caps and peat bog deposits from Greco-Roman time (around 2110 years BP) onward (Dunlap et al., 1999). The time prior to the advent of major mechanisation, industrialisation and expansion in the use of fossil fuels was termed the 'Pre-Anthropocene' by Steffen et al., 2007.
From the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (c. 1750 to 1850) to the present day, global human population has climbed rapidly from under a billion to its current almost 7 billion, and it continues to rise. The exploitation of coal, oil, and gas in particular has enabled planet-wide industrialisation, construction, and mass transport. The period from ca. 1800 to 1945 was termed 'The Industrial Era' by Steffen et al., 1997.
Humans have caused a dramatic increase in erosion of the land surface and changes in sedimentation, through agriculture and construction, and also by other activities such as the damming of most major rivers. As well as these physical changes, the signal of chemical pollutants and radioactive waste that we have accumulated over the past 200 years will leave a signal that stretches into the distant future, and one which would be identified by geologists millions of years hence as identifying the Anthropocene. In recognition of the rapid modification by humans of the landscape through industrialisation and urbanisation from 1945, Steffen et al., used the term 'The Great Acceleration: Stage 2 of the Anthropocene'.
The combined human driven changes to the Earth's chemistry, biology and physical environment, including its rocks and soils, has the potential to leave a unique signature buried in the ground.
Current work aims to address the range, type, scale and magnitude of anthropogenic land use change processes, their impacts and their geological significance.
A range of interdisciplinary work programmes across BGS aims to:
Zalasiewicz, J, Williams, M, Haywood, A, and Ellis, M. 2012. The Anthropocene: a new epoch of geological time? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 369, 835–841.
Price, S J, Ford, J R, Cooper, A H, and Neal, C. 2012. Humans as major geological and geomorphological agents in the Anthropocene: the significance of artificial ground in Great Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 369, 1056–1084.
Zalasiewicz, J, Williams, M, Fortey, R, Smith, A, Barry, T L, Coe, A L, Bown, P R, Rawson, P F, Gale, A, Gibbard, P, Gregory, F J, Hounslow, M W, Kerr, A C, Pearson, P, Know, R, Powell, J, Waters, C, Marshall, J, Oates, M, and Stone, P. 2012. Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 369, 1036–1035.
Vane, C H, Chenery, S R, Harrison, I, Kim, A W, Moss-Hayes, V, and Jones, D G. 2012. Chemical signatures of the Anthropocene in the Clyde estuary, UK: sediment-hosted Pb207/206Pb, total petroleum hydrocarbon, polyaromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl pollution records. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 369, 1085–1111.
de Beer, J, Price, S J, and Ford, J R. 2012. 3D modelling of geological and anthropogenic deposits at the World Heritage Site of Bryggen in Bergen, Norway. Quaternary International. 251, 107–116.
Price, S J, Burke, H F, Terrington, R L, Reeves, H, Boon, D, and Scheib, A J. 2011. The 3D characterisation of the zone of human interaction and the sustainable use of underground space in urban and peri-urban environments: case studies from the UK. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Geowissenschaften, 161 (2). 219–235.
Contact Ms Stephanie Bricker (Urban Geoscience) for further information.


text:
With the VMA interruption heard around the world now behind her, and a rumored romance with Taylor Lautner and eight Grammy nominations on the horizon – Taylor Swift has had an amazing year. And now she's thanking her devoted fans.
"Thank you again for everything you guys have done to make all of these magical things happen to me," Taylor wrote in a blog post on MySpace on Monday.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Are They Or Aren't They? Hollywood's Hottest Rumored Couples
"I was talking to my producer, Nathan, today about everything that's happened this year. We were being nostalgic and going back to this time four years ago, three years ago, two years ago.. Now this year. We just.. can't believe it," she wrote.
The 19-year-old country cutie said the moment she found out about her eight Grammy nominations is something she'll never forget.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Taylor Swift: From 'Fifteen' To Country Queen!
"Earlier this week, [Nathan] had a last-minute-get-over-here-right-now-and-celebrate party at his house, because the news had just broken: We were nominated for 8 Grammy's (sic). I remember calling him and hearing the screaming voices of the drummer and the bass player and the mixers and publishers who helped put this album together. He put me on speakerphone, and we all screamed together. I couldn't stop saying 'I love you' to them," she continued. "Part of me can't fully wrap my mind around the idea that this sort of thing could happen to me. At the end of the phone call, I said to them 'Please, never forget tonight. This night is a gift we never thought we'd get.'"
The teen music sensation also said she's trying to adjust to the idea of no longer being part of young Hollywood.
"I'm only a teenager for another week!" she wrote. "I'm starting to practice saying 'Twenty' when people ask me how old I am. Weird. Cool? I guess it's inevitable, so.. Awesome!"
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: 'Twilight' Heartthrob: Taylor Lautner
PLAY IT NOW: CMA Awards 2009: Taylor Swift - 'It Felt Like A Dream'
PLAY IT NOW: Taylor Swift Moments Before Making CMA Awards History (November 11, 2009)
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Taylor Swift - Young Hollywood - Music - Taylor Lautner - Movies


text:
Tag: Bana&Bean
Mt. WIP More
Events, Events, and More Events
Pop-Up Shop Excitement with my friend, Procrastination
In exactly 10 days I get the honor of participating in a local shops 2nd Anniversary Sale. 10 DAYS!!! 😯 One of the things that I constantly struggle with is my amazing friend, Procrastination. Every time she shows up I tell


text:
Akron, Ohio: The next generation of the Goodyear blimp is getting ready to take flight as the company retires its current fleet of airships.
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. says the helium-filled airship unveiled on Friday at a hangar in the Akron, Ohio, area is bigger, quicker and more manoeuvrable than earlier blimps. The company says it will provide a longer flight range and better aerial broadcast capabilities for event coverage.
The new blimp is 246 feet long and has a silver balloon-like body emblazoned with Goodyear's yellow logo on a blue background. It is scheduled to start test flights in northeast Ohio this month and go into service this summer.
Before then, it needs one more component: a name. Goodyear is collecting suggestions through a contest on its website until April 4.


text:
After criticizing Patrick Thaddeus Jackson's antiscientific and dangerous attack on Rational Choice Theory, I then turned around and attacked Rational Choice Theory itself for not being a scientific theory (though it can be a useful tool).
The lesson, I guess, is that simply having the right enemies does not make you right yourself.
My critiqued of both Jackson and Rational Choice attracted the attention of Phil Arena, both regarding antiscience and, more interestingly, regarding Rational Choice. Phil was kind enough to provide with me two articles, "Does Preference Cycling Invalidate "Rational Choice Theory"?," and "Rat Choice Apologetics II" in which he had previously attempted to defend Rational Choice Theory from similar attacks.
Phil's posts emphasize that Rational Choice is not a scientific theory.
The first post, on preference cycling, is an extended "just-so" defense of Rational Choice theorizing against laboratory falsification. Phil writes:
My big point here is that those who seek to justify a wholesale rejection of "rational choice theory" by observing that some laboratory experiments have found that some individuals exhibit behavior that appears to reflect cyclical preferences are overplaying their hand.
But Phil's bigger points seems to be that any laboratory finding does not falsify Rational Choice, because some collection of mathematical formulas can be modified post-hoc to account for the behavior observed. This speeks to the cleverness of the Rational Choice theorists — like Freudians or Jungians, any observation of evidence of their model.
Rational Choice is like Interviewing, because just as no experimental result can falsify Rational Choice, no experimental result can falsify the feelings of an interview subject. Few who are planning a complex intervention would do so without interviews of one sort or another, and it may be that Rational Choice is likewise useful. But just as the interview is a tool, not a scientific theory, Rational Choice is a tool, not a scientific theory.
In the follow-up Post, Phil goes farther to protect not just Rational Choice Theory, but any implementation of a rational choice theory, from falsification:
Amongst formal theorists, there is significant disagreement about how to evaluate models in general. On one end of the spectrum, you have the strict interpretation of EITM, as espoused here and seems to be Morton's preferred view here, though she does discuss other views. This view holds that formal models are important for ensuring logical consistency of theoretical arguments, but the value of these arguments is ultimately judged empirically. On the other, you have Primo and Clarke, who argue that there are many different roles we could ask our models to serve, some of which do not require any kind of empirical assessment. My own views, as I've indicated before, are closer to those of Primo and Clarke.
This is not scientifically serious. But Rational Choice Theory is not a scientific theory, so of course it doesn't have to be. The purpose of science is to improve, predict, or control behavior (at whatever unit of analysis we are working), but the purpose of tools such as interviews, case study, and rational choice is to inspire scientists to come up with scientific theories that can make control, predict, and improve behavior.
Phil's a clear writer, so his point is written clearly. And he's write that science has certain requirements — such as predictive validity — that are as hard to get away from as Rational Choice Theory's unfalsifiable assumptions:
When we evaluate arguments empirically, we make a huge, non-falsifiable assumption that the future will be like the past. Otherwise, it would be meaningless to claim to be testing the claim that X causes Y by observing historical patterns of association between X and Y. On a certain level, we all understand this. That is why folks worry about omitted variable bias with observational studies and external validity with experiments. But I'm not sure how many people really appreciate the depth of the problem.
But of course the difference is that the scientific requirement for predictive validity enables it to fulfill its mission of predicting, improving, and controlling behavior (at whatever unit of analysis we are functioning). Rational Choice Theory rejects the scientific need to predict, improve, or control behavior, because it is a "formal model" which are "logical consistency" and thus do not need "empirical assessment." That is, Rational Choice is a form of "qualitative" (or better, investigatory) analysis, where mathematical equation balancing takes the place of interviews or subjective impressions.
Rational Choice has a place in science, like any investigatory or qualitative method (introspection, interviews, case studies, etc): to generate hypotheses. Rational Choice should be a part of science to the extent its scientifically useful. But like interviews, case studies, and the such, we can't generalize from rational choice theorizing, but of course we can generalize from the empirical findings such theorizing might lead us to.


text:
|Photo: Lillian Mongeau
Photo: GraphicStock.com
|Photo: Mimi Engel
The answer is "yes." Engel's research found that children who learn things like simple addition and subtraction do better in math later than children who learn things like counting to 10. Many children, Engel points out, can already count to 10 when they reach kindergarten, which eliminates the need to teach it. Most kindergartners, she posits, are developmentally ready to get beyond counting and dive into the next level of mathematics learning.
"We shouldn't underestimate their capacity to learn mathematics content," Engle said. "We shouldn't assume that a kindergartener isn't ready to learn some basic addition and subtraction or assume that that might not be an exciting and intriguing task for those children."
Our conversation, edited for length and clarity, appears below.
Tell me a little bit about how you got interested in researching early math.
My interest in early math actually came from work I was involved about a decade ago [with Greg Duncan of the University of California, Irvine, and others], that showed that the correlation between math learning across the kindergarten year and students' later school-related outcomes was very high. So early math is very predictive of not just how you do in math later on in schooling, but how you do in reading and other important outcomes.
Tell me more about your most recent work looking at what kids actually learn in kindergarten math.
The National Center for Education Statistics compiles these wonderful longitudinal datasets that are available for researchers, for policymakers, for people in general to use to answer questions about education. Building on this interest that I and my coauthors had developed in early math, we used those data about kids who were in kindergarten in 1998-99—that school year—to look at what mathematics content children are exposed to in kindergarten, and what their across-kindergarten learning gains were.
What we saw is kids were getting a lot of exposure to very basic mathematics content that evidence suggested in the very same dataset that they already knew when they started kindergarten.
They were getting less exposure to advanced content, and what we mean by that for kindergarten is content such single-digit addition and subtraction. And we show that time teachers report spending on the very basic content such as numbers one through 10 or basic shapes is negatively associated with learning in kindergarten, whereas time on more advanced content is positively associated with learning across kindergarten.
This most recent publication replicates the original study and shows that this pattern is again true using data from kids who were more recently in kindergarten, in 2010-11. Teachers are reporting that they're spending some more time on more advanced math content [than they were in 1998-99]. But the majority of time is still spent on the more basic mathematic content. And we can again show that time on basic content is associated with less learning in mathematics in kindergarten.
Read more...
Source: Education Week's blog - Early Years


text:
We have an embarrassing amount of doll clothes around here.
We have American Girl Doll-sized and Baby Doll outfits
from various places, including several beautifully handmade outfits
sewn by my very talented Grandmother.
But they were out of control, tangled and jumbled in heaps in two bins in the
bottom of cabinets in both of my daughter's rooms.
It isn't much fun to play when you can't find
what you have (and you don't know what you have)
(Kind of like getting dressed in the morning
with a closet full of wrong season/wrong size/wrong style clothes...
Not that I would know anything about that!)
So, part of our "Housewide-January-Get-er-Organized Project"
involved tackling the doll clothes situation.
Step one:
Lay out all of the various outfits, accessories, and components
on your daughter's bed then take a photo to publicly shame yourself
and realize you should never buy your daughter another doll outfit ever again.
Step Two:
Gather up some Colored Scrapbook Paper (from a discount/sale pack)
trimmed down on my handy-dandy paper cutter to fit inside
1 Gallon Zip Lock Bags.
Step Three:
Enlist your daughter to help you
insert outfits (with accessories like shoes, barettes, purses) in each bag.
Two outfits per bag/one for each side of the colored paper divider.
Step Four:
Stack the Outfits (upright) in a storage bin you already have lying around your house!
Like a filing cabinet for Doll Clothes.
(If you're like me, you have lots of various baskets and bins stashed in closets and the garage,
purchased with wonderful intentions of finally getting organized!)
Step Five:
Create Designated areas for
Dolls, Accesories, and the Gigantic Doll Wheel Chair
in a cabinet
with a shelf for the clothing baskets.
Enjoy the satisfaction of an organization job well done
with your daughter!
Ahh.... that's better.
Now, wait till you see what we did with our Barbie Doll clothes!
pink and green mama, MaryLea


text:
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We're here Monday - Friday, from 9AM until 5PM, CST.
When will my order ship?
Orders using our standard shipping service may take 1-2 business days to process before they are ready to ship.
Please note- we are a small team in Dallas Texas and each candle is hand poured one at a time with love. We do our best to get your orders out as soon as possible but due to weather conditions of extreme heat this season in Texas we do not ship on Thursday's or Friday's. To avoid potential melting, all orders received on Thursday and Friday will be held until the following Monday. This may add 2-3 business days to your anticipated ship date. Feel free to contact us with any questions or concerns by e-mailing email@example.com.
How long does Ground Shipping take?
Shipping times will depend on where you live but Ground is usually between 5-7 business days from the time the order is received but please note we do not ship on Thursdays or Fridays during the Summer.
What if I need faster shipping?
You can order express shipping for an additional fee which will take between 2-3 business days. The cutoff time for all express shipments is 12:00 PM (Noon) CST.
Do you ship to Canada or Mexico?
We're working on it. But at the moment, we are not able to ship internationally.
Can I ship to a P.O. Box?
Unfortunately, no. We can only ship to a street address.
We want you to be 100% happy with your Xela Aroma order! If for any reason you are not satisfied, we will gladly accept your timely return of unused and unopened merchandise for an exchange or a refund of the purchase price. We will replace items damaged during shipping whenever possible.
- Returns must be postmarked within 10 days from the date your order was shipped
- If you wish to return your item you must call 800.554.0826 for return authorization before shipment
- Any returns received after 10 days or shipped without return authorization will be returned to the sender at the customer's expense
- All shipping and handling charges are non-refundable
- All sales are final on discounted merchandise
- Returns will be processed back to your original form of payment
- Please allow 14 business days to process returns; we will send you a confirmation email when your return is complete
- Please note that depending on your credit card company, it may take 1 billing cycle after your credit is applied to post to your account