text:
Pushing the frontiers of knowledge
Space is essential for extending our knowledge and understanding of our physical environment.
Four grand science themes were set by the ESA High-level Science Advisory Committee (HISPAC) to address the overarching science questions in ESA programmes:
- Terrestrial and Cosmic Climate
- Understanding Gravity
- Life in the Universe
- Cosmic Radiation and Magnetism
These themes underline the importance of space for understanding Earth and for bringing a future in our daily life. The quest for knowledge through missions based on scientific and research excellence drives technological progress, which in turn allows the development of space applications and lays the foundations for the outstanding competitiveness of European industry.
Europe leads in the quest for the origin of the Universe and for the understanding of our planet and of the behaviour of life and materials in weightlessness conditions, with experiments carried out onboard the International Space Station (ISS).
Pushing knowledge further is a top priority for Europe, even rendered indispensable in light of Europe's innovation and knowledge policy goals for 2020, while requiring novel partnership approaches at European and international level to curtail the consequences of the global economic crisis.
Space can also make a difference through a leading effort in human spaceflight, which is a vector for international peace and cooperation, and in exploration in the wake of ISS full assembly. In addition, efforts for clean, ethical, responsible and sustainable space activities will be foremost: ESA must indeed take leadership by becoming a model 21st century space agency.
The essential characteristic of ESA's science-driven programmes, whether as part of the Mandatory Scientific Programme, the Earth Observation Programme or the Life and Physical Sciences Programme, is the strong interaction with the European scientific community.
The mandatory or envelope nature of these programmes ensures that content is driven by scientific excellence. Through open consultation and competition, supervised by the ESA Science Advisory Structure, allows European scientists to identify ideas for the future, to select and design new missions and instruments, and to interpret the results.
This strong link with the scientific community ensures that the Agency's scientific programmes are well aligned with national programmes and priorities, efficiently multiplying the generation of knowledge at the European level.


text:
The Compton Chronicle is an Award-winning magazine covering the villages of Fenny Compton, Avon Dassett & Farnborough.
Issued free to every house 10 times a year. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com
Editorial Team:Amy AylwardJennifer Cranfield
Emily Kilshaw
Jason Wise
Michelle Gill
Emma Wilkinson
Articles/news to firstname.lastname@example.com contact Amy Aylward 01295 770 749Club News contact Michelle Gill & Diary Dates contact Jason Wise 07484 201574 or email@example.com
Printed 15 August 2020 at 00:35 hrs by 188.8.131.52

subset: commoncrawl


text:
GNU sed
sed (stream editor) is a non-interactive command-line text editor.
# Example: delete the 4th line in a file $ sed '4d' input.txt > output.txt # Example: replace every occurrence of 'hello' with 'world' on lines 10-20 $ sed '10,20s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed is commonly used to filter text, i.e., it takes text input, performs some operation (or set of operations) on it, and outputs the modified text. sed is typically used for extracting part of a file using pattern matching or substituting multiple occurrences of a string within a file.
Getting Help
- Read the manual locally using info sed or see the latest online manual
- Search the archives for previous questions and answers:
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- General SED resources are available at http://sed.sf.net, including:
- Send translation requests to the language team linked from: http://translationproject.org/domain/sed.html
- Send general questions or suggestions to the mailing list at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Report bugs, including version and distribution variant, to the list at:
Before sending the bug, please consult the FAQ and Mailing list archives (above).
Often these perceived bugs are simply due to wrong program usage.
To learn more about reporting bugs, see Getting help with GNU software
Stable source releases can be found at
(local mirrors)
Test source releases can be found at http://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/sed/
Latest Source
The latest source with revision history can be browsed using
gitweb or
Assuming you have git installed, you
can retrieve the latest version with this command:
git clone git://git.sv.gnu.org/sed
Please note that we do not suggest using test versions of SED for production use.
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You do not need to be subscribed in order to post messages to any GNU mailing list. However non-subscribers are moderated by humans so please be patient when waiting for your email to arrive.
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text:
Discover the secret techniques pros use to produce handsome reports that clearly convey almost any type of information to any type of audience. This class will help you unleash the hidden power of Crystal Reports to present database or accounting information in a way that unmistakably communicates the points you want to make.
If you have information you need to intelligently communicate to others, but cannot do so because it lies buried in your database, accounting program, or other data source, you need Crystal Reports--and this course.
It doesn't matter whether you need to develop a quick-turnaround report that your boss needed yesterday or an elaborate financial report for your company's annual report. Crystal Reports can handle it all, and your instructor will show you how.
You'll discover how to extract the data you want your report to include, how to sort it into the order you want, how to group related information together, and how to include totals for groups of figures or for the entire report. All the while, you'll gain valuable firsthand experience with the process of creating, running, and publishing polished, professional quality reports.
NOTE: If you have Crystal Reports XI, 2008, or 2011, then you should enroll in "Introduction to Crystal Reports" rather than this course. Please check the Requirements tab for further information.
Register to leave a review


text:
City of Carrollton, TXHome Menu
| Phone Directory | City Manager | Council Goals
The public is invited to attend all City Council meetings. The Council generally meets the first and third Tuesday of each month in the City Council Chamber on the second floor at City Hall, 1945 E. Jackson Road, Carrollton, Texas 75006. The worksession will begin at 5:45 p.m. with the meeting immediately following. Minutes from each meeting are posted after they are approved by the City Council.
The Mayor and Councilmembers from Places 2, 4, and 6 are elected at-large and may reside anywhere in the City of Carrollton. The Councilmembers from Places 1, 3, 5, and 7 are elected at-large, but must reside within the boundaries of their respective Place. To see a detailed boundary map for each Place, select the Place number under the Councilmember's name below. To see a Place boundary map for the entire City of Carrollton, click here.
The City Council is responsible for establishing City policies, considering City resolutions and ordinances, appointing citizens to various City boards and commissions, adopting the City's Comprehensive Plan and annual budget, and approving or rejecting zoning changes.
The Mayor and City Council welcome input from the citizens and business community regarding the goals and direction of the City government. To send the Mayor and the entire City Council or a particular member of the City Council your comments regarding policy, local legislation or the vision for the City of Carrollton, please click on the contact link below each Councilmember's photo or the general contact link on the left. You can also write the Mayor and City Council at 1945 E. Jackson Road, Carrollton, Texas 75006.
All meetings of the City Council are open to the public. View the upcoming Council meeting agenda. Watch Council meetings on government access cable television. To speak in support or opposition to an item scheduled on the Council agenda, an appearance card located at the entrance of the Council Chambers must be completed. Individuals who do not want to speak on an issue, but wish to register their support or opposition may also submit a card.
Items for consideration by the Council are outlined in an agenda The sections of this agenda include the consent agenda, resolutions, ordinances, public hearings other business and public forum. The consent agenda consists of operational items and items previously discussed and can be approved by Council with one vote. However, the Council may consider any item separately.
Public hearings are conducted to allow for citizen input before the Council votes on any issue. It allows citizens to speak in favor of, against, or ask questions about matters of substantial community concern. Public notice is given in local newspapers to announce hearing dates.
To speak in support or opposition to an item scheduled for consideration, an appearance card located at the entrance to the Council Chambers must be completed. Individuals who do not want to speak on an issue, but want to register support or opposition should also fill out a card. Each name will be read into the record by the Mayor.
Local Government Organization
The City of Carrollton is a Home Rule municipality with a council-manager form of government. The City Council is made up of a mayor and seven councilmembers. All members of the Council are elected at-large and serve three-year staggered terms. They are community volunteers who meet in regular meetings twice a month. The role of the Mayor and City Council is to enact local legislation, provide vision for the future of Carrollton, set policy, and hire a City Manager.
The City Manager, Erin Rinehart, is the chief executive officer and is responsible to the Council for the proper administration of all affairs of the City as prescribed by the City Charter or required by the Council.


text:
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read the terms of use here.
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text:
In the last week, it has become evident that in order to be an Olympian, you not only have to have strength, passion, and motivation, but you also may need the upper hand of the judge.
Many athletes' gains and losses are determined more often than not by the judge's call; from Jordyn Wieber's deduction on floor routine that later caused her to miss out on the All-Arounds by .233 to the 400-meter freestyle semi-finals where front-runner South Korea's Tae-Hwan Park was DQ'd, and then reinstated, for what judges thought was originally a false start.
Now of course, this is nothing new to the games, but instead just the nature of this level of competition. It's a lot about who is granted the say-all when it comes to the final three standing tall for their country.
And in boxing, from miscounted knockdowns, premature warnings, and reinstated wins and DQs, the judges' calls have been raising controversy all week long. For one of Team USA's boxers, when three rounds ended without a knock out, it too was all left to the judges. And for New Yorkers who were thrilled to root for their Staten Island hero Marcus Brown, whose modesty and focus alone is deserving of gold, the final call of 13-11 in Monday's USA versus Australia match hit a little closer to home.
21-year-old light heavyweight Marcus Browne's dream came true on May 8th when he qualified for the London Games. And since then, people like Teddy Atlas, NBC's boxing analyst, have credited Marcus as "the most naturally gifted U.S. boxer" in this year's games.
Marcus told 1st Look, it was "love at first sight," when a neighbor by the name of Speedy brought him to the local gym 9 years ago--this was a saving grace for the "rough kid in the neighborhood." "Boxing kept me out of trouble," Marcus added.
After May's qualifying announcement, life for Marcus became a day-in, day-out game of perfecting his craft at the very same gym he started at, working out mistakes, staying focused, and keeping the win in sight. When we asked Marcus how he was feeling just last month, he modestly replied, "I'm feeling a gold rush for the Olympics."
Marcus is inspiring. His overall sensibility and charm hit us right away. He's a young man with more compassion, maturity, and drive than most his age. And, he's from a city that's helped him build up that confidence. "Everyone wants to be the king of New York," he said. And, it appeared that this three-time Daily News Golden Gloves champion from Staten Island Park was feeling on top of the world even before the Olympics began.
Unfortunately, Marcus' New York swagger was left across the pond when pressure in London struck and his match was called in Australia's favor. It went down to the final 90 seconds in Browne's first Olympic match, when Australia's Damien Hooper, who was down in previous rounds, made a comeback.
He mentioned to us that if given the time, he'd want to explore London, have a great local meal or two, and keep cheering on his teammates, like pal Joseph Diaz, Jr. So, for now, this sneaker-loving, Luger's-craving young man can sit back and enjoy his time overseas. This isn't an end in London, Marcus will keep going. "I want to stay in shape to open the stadium," and that stadium he speaks of is Brooklyn's Barclays Center, where his gloves may just be set for the pros.
For New York, Boxer Marcus Browne Will Still Return a Hometown Hero
In the last week, it has become evident that in order to be an Olympian, you not only have to have strength, passion, and motivation, but you also may need the upper hand of the judge.


text:
Do you not think it's well... a bit odd? The fact that the world has suddenly grown fat in a single generation? Since the explosion of gyms, low-fat foods, calorie counting and government healthy eating advice, 1 in 4 people in Britain are obese, and 2 in 3 are overweight. What's going wrong?
It's all about malnutrition. Once you get your head around that idea, obesity and all its related problems start making sense. Need to lose weight? Simple. Or maybe you've got gallstones? Well, as I'm finding out, that's not so simple.
Like any blog, this is all a work in progress, but if you're going to start anywhere, 2 minute summary is as good as any.
Most recent posts below...
What happens when you stop eating? Rise of hunger pt 2
If fat people need to eat less, and body fat is a source of fuel, why do fat people need to eat anything at all? Wouldn't they just be best of starving themselves until they fit back in the same jeans they wore when they were in their late teens? In the 1960s and 70s, that's exactly how they treated obesity – bed rest and a bit of chicken broth. So why the sudden need for diet industries, diet foods, diet obsessions and diet doctors? It can't all be driven by the circulation of the Daily Mail. Whatever happened with the obvious way of dieting – to stop eating?
The rise of hunger – pt 1
Alright, it's been a while – again. I was going to write some easy hit pieces how UK has fought off hefty competition to gain the award of the fattest women in Europe (go Team GB!). Too easy. Or on the US congress ruling resulting from lobbying lowlifes that deigned pizzas to be a vegetable that can be served daily in school canteens. Too obvious. Or the scientific research revealing that a toast sandwich is the best meal for an austerity Britain. Too dumb. Then I caught up properly on the recent posts from Taubes, Guyenet and Stanton and it spurred me to write the final chapter of this blog.
Honesty is the best policy
When's the last time you were properly patronised? I mean really patronised in a fully condescending fashion, as if you were some kind of dribbling village idiot that sits at home playing with fireworks and cans of petrol? It's been a while for me, but someone stepped up to the job with real talent – none other than the Chief Medical Officer for the UK presenting the new obesity strategy. I say presenting – I really mean telling off the UK for being a bunch of greedy feckless chubsters. If you've not seen it, cop a load of Dame Sally Davies endearing herself to the country.
The mysterious case of Indian gallstones
In North East India, there's been a rapid rise in cases of gallstones. And obesity. Sound familiar? It should do, as we're seeing a live recreation of the same problem that beset the Pima Indians in the early 1900s that turned them from athletic hunter gatherers into the one of the most obese groups on the planet. And we should be paying attention, because the true cause of obesity and all its related ills is intertwined in this one thorny area.
The most important week of the year
What week is it? Yeah, I know, 3rd week of August. Yeah yeah, Tripoli is undergoing a revolution. And OK, Steve Jobs has stepped down from Apple, the economy is yo-yoing, and some Brits are still mumbling about a 'broken society' which is a catch all for any problem we don't have an easy answer for. But through all the news, this week is really important, and you probably missed why.
Riots across the land
Last night thousands of teenagers got together to play out Grand Theft Auto across the UK for real. Contain your rage for a minute (I'm struggling to be fair), try not to look at the global financial collapse that's slowly unwinding across Europe, and turn your attention to the work of Bonnie Bassler who's studying how bacteria communicate. There could be a link between all three events…
How to be cool
Back in the 1970s, Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan put forward a theory in Microcosmos that bacteria weren't so much at the bottom of the food chain in so much as the driving force for the world, and that we were merely vessels that carried around collections of bacteria. It built around Gaia theory from James Lovelock that nature could really be considered one single self-regulating organism.
Ah, doesn't it make you nostalgic for the glorious days of the hippy 70s, when everyone listened to Janis Joplin, smoked copious amounts of gear and free love ruled hey? Except that these weren't new age hippy types – Lovelock, scientist and ex NASA consultant, Margulis an acclaimed microbiologist (Richard Dawkins is fan) and Sagan, a renowned science writer. And what's more, evidence is starting to come together that they might well be right.
Fat round up
Alright, I'm not going to do this that often, but given all the headlines are all about Murdoch's crumbling empire (and not the ever so slightly more serious unfurling financial crisis in the EU/US), there's been a flood of fat news that's been swept aside by Rebekah Brooks' copious red hair.
It's been a big week for news. Huge. Lies, deceit and moral condemnation have been on the forefront of everyone's mind as government officials trot out the same tired old clichés about doing what's right, not just for our sakes but for the sakes of our children and generations to come. But say what you like, we've got a result, even if it's not the one we wanted ...
The grand unified theory
So, 9 months ago, I started this blog because I was convinced that malnutrition drives obesity, and as a side effect, gallstones. Given I knew nothing then, and a hell of a lot more now, does it still stack up? And while I lose an unholy amount of weight in a very short space of time, the experiment with gallstones failed, so how does the idea all hang together now?
Read more...


text:
Pirates beat Rockies 5-3 for 3-game sweep
Taking the extra base was the key for the Pittsburgh Pirates in completing a three-game sweep of the Colorado Rockies.
Andrew McCutchen hit a tiebreaking single in the seventh inning, Neil Walker followed with a home run and the Pirates overcame a three-run deficit to beat the Rockies 5-3 Sunday.
Walker advanced to second on right fielder Carlos Gonzalez's throw following his second-inning single. Jordy Mercer stole second in the sixth inning, and Josh Harrison swiped second in the seventh.
All three wound up scoring.
"We're going to be aggressive," Walker said. "We're going to get thrown out. We're going to look stupid at times, but at the same time we're going to make aggressive plays that lead to runs."
With the score 3-all, Matt Belisle (2-6) relieved and Harrison worked out a seven-pitch walk leading off the seventh. Harrison stole second and scored on a single by McCutchen, who then was caught stealing second. Walker followed with his 14th homer.
"Today was amateur, as far as what not to do," said Belisle, who got just two outs.
Pittsburgh took the lead against Colorado's bullpen for the third straight day.
"You've got to be a able to put games away, and it's frustrating," Colorado manager Walt Weiss said.
Jeanmar Gomez (2-2) pitched a one-hit seventh, All-Star Tony Watson struck out two in a perfect eighth and Mark Melancon pitched a 1-2-3 ninth for his 18th save in 21 chances.
Pittsburgh has two series sweeps this month after failing to sweep any during the first three months of the season. The Pirates took three in a row at home against Philadelphia from July 4-6.
Pirates starter Jeff Locke gave up three runs and seven hits in six innings, and Rockies starter Tyler Matzek allowed three runs, seven hits and three walks in six innings. The rookie struck out a career-high eight.
"Tyler did a great job," Weiss said. "Put us in position (to win) again. That's three good starts in a row by our starters, but (we) couldn't get the big hit to bust it open early."
Colorado built its lead on Josh Rutledge's two-run homer in the first and a Michael McKenry drive leading off the second.
Mercer had a two-run single in the bottom half, and Chris Stewart's second double of the game drove Mercer in the sixth.
Pittsburgh had come from behind in 25 of its 52 wins.
"If you get too caught up in the score or too caught up in things that are out of your control, it's going to lead to pressing and trying to do too much," Walker said. "We do a good job of not doing that around there."
NOTES: Colorado didn't play 1B Justin Morneau (neck), SS Troy Tulowitzki (thigh) and OF Charlie Blackmon (ankle). ... Pittsburgh has won its first three games out of the All-Star Break for the first time since 2004. . RHP Edinson Volquez (8-6, 3.65 ERA) is to start Monday's opener of a three-game series against the Dodgers. LHP Hyun-Jin Ryu (10-5, 3.44 ERA) is slated to pitch for Los Angeles.


text:
Download Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa Study Guide
Kaffir Boy: The True Story of a Black Youth's Coming of Age in Apartheid South Africa Summary
(Nonfiction Classics for Students)
The Road to Alexandra
Part 1 of Kaffir Boy begins in the predawn of a bitterly cold winter day in 1965 with the five-year-old Johannes Mathabane lying awake, terrified by nightmares. After his father leaves for work and his mother for the community outhouse, he finally falls asleep. Within moments, his nightmare becomes reality when Peri-Urban, the Alexandra Police Squad, makes one of its unannounced raids. His mother slips back into the house, awakens Johannes, and engages him in a quiet but frantic search for her passbook (apartheid regulations require that every black person in South Africa carry a document containing his or her photograph, name, address, tribal origin, work and marital status). Once it is found, she again slips out of the house—this time in search of a hiding place. Johannes is left alone with full responsibility for his three-year-old sister and one-year-old brother. The following night Peri-Urban returns, this time raiding the Mathabane home. His mother hides in a small, locked wardrobe, but Johannes is forced to witness his father's emotional emasculation as he is taunted and dragged half-naked out of the house. Along with dozens of others, he is handcuffed, taken away in a convoy of trucks, and forced to spend two months doing hard labor on a white man's potato farm for his past crimes—all because he could not afford to pay his poll tax or his tribal tax, nor did he have the money to bribe the police officer. In 1966, Johannes's father is once again arrested—this time for unemployment—and imprisoned for almost a year.
During his father's absence, Johannes's mother struggles to keep her family fed but can only afford one meager meal a day. When the landlord threatens to evict her, she appeals to her mother for money to pay the rent. After the money runs out, she secures a weekend job doing housecleaning and laundry. At six each morning, she takes her three children to area garbage dumps. There she and the children forage for food and other items they cannot afford: clothes, knives, furniture, and kitchen utensils. Still, gnawing hunger remains Johannes's constant companion, leading him into more and more dangerous situations. He begins stealing liquor bottles and reselling them to the owners, using the money for food and tickets to the movies. When he realizes that his mother is pregnant with her fourth child, he tells her that she should not have had him, that he is "not happy in this world." "It will get better," she tells him, but from his viewpoint it doesn't. Soon, he is hanging out with other six- and seven-year-olds, many of whom are homeless. He innocently accepts an invitation from a thirteen-year-old pimp, Mpandhlani, to earn money and all the food he can eat. However, he runs away in horror, vowing never to tell anyone what he has seen once he realizes that the invitation requires that he become a prostitute for male migrant workers.
Jackson Mathabane returns from prison a bitterly abusive man who uses most of his earnings to buy alcohol. He violently forces his children to follow the tribal rituals of his childhood, even taking Johannes on a trip back to his Venda homeland. Despite his experiences growing up in Alexandra, Johannes is surprised by the primitive conditions and his father's visit to the local witch doctor. "The fact that he willingly, without question or protest, submitted to the witch doctor's rituals made him a stranger to me," says Johannes. "It somehow seemed unwholesome." When his mother had earlier had all of her children baptized in the Christian faith, Johannes responded with a similar skepticism to the church's portraits of God and the devil. The former depicted God "as an old blue-eyed white man," whereas the latter "portrayed a naked black man, his features distorted to resemble the devil with a tail." On the other hand, his mother's nighttime stories, riddles, proverbs, animal fables, tribal folklore , and songs "served as a kind of library, a golden fountain of...
(The entire section is 1,350 words.)


text: Service Status Inquiry Thank you for using the online status inquiry service, please refer to the following description: 1. If you have not received a reply with in the designated timeframe, please use the customer service status inquiry function to see the status of your case. We will make serving you a priority.2. If you have not received reply to your customer service case, please use the inquiry service. Customer service inquiries can access cases filed within the previous three months. ■ Please enter the following information Case number: Validation code


text:
Brass Trivet Sun
£65.00 / Sold Out
Solid brass trivets with crude casting surface designed by Masanori Oji for Futagami
Futagami is a brass foundry founded in the city of Takaoka, Toyama Pref., Japan in 1897.
Brass has long been used in various fields such as metal fittings for architecture, ships, and furniture as it has corrosion resistance property and moderate workability.
Brass products gradually change their color over the course of many years due to oxidization. The longer they are used, the richer and subtler they become.
Sun: ø150 x H12 mm
Star: W165 D165 H15 mm
Galaxy: W178 D178 H16 mm


text:
Voyager 1, currently plying the outermost layer of the heliosphere some 34 years after its launch, carries a gold-plated copper record with sounds of Earth that include snatches of music from the likes of Beethoven and the man who suggested he roll over: Chuck Berry.
The space perch of "Johnny B. Goode" inspired a classic late 1970s "Saturday Night Live" sketch in which Steve Martin played a psychic who declared grateful extraterrestrials relayed a message of their own to Earth: "Send more Chuck Berry."
We all could use more Chuck Berry – especially on Tuesday, when the still reelin' and rockin' elder statesman of rock turns 85. It's a prime opportunity to celebrate by blasting "Johnny B. Goode" loud enough so the denizens of outer space don't need to track down a turntable to hear about the man who could play guitar "just like a ringing a bell."
Berry's music spans both space and time, feeling fresh to ears new and old. Like Elvis Presley, he effectively melded blues and country into what would become a classic rock sound. But Berry also bridged big band rhythms with the new age in music. With a bend of his strings six decades ago, he helped invent modern rock guitar. His innovative virtuosity and duck walk-fueled showmanship presaged the guitar god-era, in which solos by the likes of Jimi Hendrix and Jimmy Page became as much a focal point as the singing.
But it's the songs Berry wrote that struck that deepest chord in the eternal teenager in all of us. To a pounding beat, he launched humorous, poetic odes to rock, girls and cars, filled with clever, only slightly naughty double entendres ("All the way home I held a grudge/For the safety belt that wouldn't budge," he sung in "No Particular Place to Go," his take on male teenage male longing).
Forget about the heliosphere – his reach is phenomenal. He arguably exerted more impact than any other artist on groups as disparate – and as hugely influential themselves – as the Beatles, Beach Boys and Rolling Stones.
Stones guitarist Keith Richards famously celebrated his hero's 60th birthday a quarter century ago with the concert documentary "Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll," in which an at times cantankerous Berry comes across as a lot more complicated than his neatly wrapped two-to-three-minute three-chord classics, like "Sweet Little Sixteen" and "Maybellene."
Whatever feelings Berry harbors, he's earned – along with the accolades. His hometown of St. Louis honored Berry with a statue earlier this year in front of Blueberry Hill, the club he still plays regularly. He's set to perform two shows on New Year's Eve at B.B King's New York club, not that the national treasure has anything more to prove.
In "Back in the USA," Berry's alternately sardonic and enthusiastic take on 1950s American materialism, he sang, "Anything you want, we got it right here in the USA." We've got Chuck Berry, a gift worth sharing with the world – and beyond.
Hester is founding director of the award-winning, multi-media NYCity News Service at the City University of New York Graduate School of Journalism. He is the former City Editor of the New York Daily News, where he started as a reporter in 1992. Follow him on Twitter.


text:
Farmer's Market:
Check out our wonderful vendors!
Jason Files Fresh Produce
Veira Meadows Farms Produce
Rest Haven Farms Produce
The Peanut Hut
Leo's Italian Ice
Crazy Grandpa's Hotdogs
Dave's Signature Breads
The Nutty Bavarian
Custom Kettle Korn
Cosmic Crepes
Moto San Grill
MoBay Bakery
JJC Plants
Black Hammock Plants & Orchids
Holy Cow Beef Jerky
Mr & Mrs Pickle
Cathy's Cajun Cuisines
Bonjour Dressings
Pleasant Earth Soap Company
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I have recently taken over from Dr. Joe Modelevsky as executive editor of CABIOS for the Western Hemisphere. Any new submissions should now be sent to me at the address given below. Several recent submissions have also been forwarded to me from Dr. Modelevsky. I have written to those people to tell them of the change, but if anyone has submitted a paper to CABIOS and is unsure of its status feel free to contact me. Gary D. Stormo MCD Biology University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309-0347 phone: 303-492-1476 fax: 303-492-7744 email: stormo at boulder.colorado.edu -- Gary Stormo |"The society which scorns excellence in plumbing as a humble MCD Biology |activity and tolerates shoddiness in philosophy because it Univ. of Colorado |is an exaulted activity ... neither its pipes nor its Boulder, CO 80309 |theories will hold water."


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|series|SpongeBob SquarePants (series)}} Template:Cquote2 Template:Character/SpongeBob SquarePants SpongeBobTemplate:E SquarePantsTemplate:E (born Template:Time, Template:Time; age 30[1]) is the main protagonist, and the eponymous character, of the Nickelodeon animated comedy series of the same name. He was designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, and is voiced by Tom Kenny. SpongeBob is a childish, joyful, eccentric sea sponge who lives in a pineapple in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom. He works as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab, a job that he is exceptionally skilled. SpongeBob lacks a lot of knowledge and is a constant annoyance to those around him (especially Squidward Tentacles), but he is very good-natured. He appears in all of the episodes in the series, except for "The Algae's Always Greener." He was soon to be Nickelodeon's main mascot.
SpongeBob SquarePants is a cute sea sponge, but he is drawn to resemble a kitchen sponge, being rectangular and bright yellow with a dark brown outline. In earlier episodes, he is wider near the top and gets skinnier going further down. However, in episodes that are more recent, he is more of a regular square shape. SpongeBob has large blue eyes, a long, slightly curved nose, a large mouth with two prominent front buck teeth, and dimples with three freckles on each cheek. In the comic strip Eye Drop, his left eye is called Eyebally. He typically wears a white shirt with a red tie, black leather shoes with shoelaces, and brown rectangular pants with a black belt (the entire outfit is sometimes referred to as his "pants," hence his name). While working at the Krusty Krab, he wears a tall, white hat with a small blue anchor on it as a uniform. SpongeBob sometimes sleeps in his underwear, and at other times pajamas (beginning in Season 5). Though SpongeBob has always been voiced by Tom Kenny, his voice has changed over the course of the series; his voice is lower than normal in the pilot episode Template:E and after the the first movie, his voice gets slightly higher-pitched. In Season 8, his voice gets lower-pitched again. SpongeBob never passed the driving test at Mrs. Puff's Boating School and is unable to drive a Boatmobile.
SpongeBob is a clueless, abnormal, immature, fun loving and hyperactive character with a happy-go-lucky personality. He is an extremely determined person, and will often stop at nothing to accomplish a task. He is also somewhat dramatic to the people who are kind to him, for example, to the mailfish. "Karate Island" He is also over-confident. Sometimes, though, he shows his devious side when trying to get Mr. Krabs and Plankton to work together. He sometimes tends to make mountains out of molehills, such as losing his nametag. "Missing Identity."
SpongeBob is very kind-hearted and innocent, and very rarely acts openly mean to anyone, even his enemies. He is a very selfless and loyal person, especially towards those close to him. His selfless nature is most notably shown in "Best Day Ever," where he sacrifices his "perfect day" to help his friends. Despite his well-meaning intentions, SpongeBob's actions often annoy and cause trouble for those around him, most notably his next-door neighbor, Squidward Tentacles.
SpongeBob can become scared easily and usually panics when frightened. He is afraid of the dark (or what is in the dark) "Night Light" and clowns "Rodeo Daze." He also hates hot sauce. "Karate Choppers." Occasionally, SpongeBob is too ignorant to notice impending danger and his unworldly thinking may put himself or others in peril. He also cannot detect lies or malice information as easy as the other characters, mainly due to his naive nature.
SpongeBob's innocence also makes him overly trusting and very gullible, and he is easily manipulated by people who intend to use and/or harm him, such as Squidward, Template:Link and Template:Link; most noticeably, he is always easily fooled by Plankton no matter how bizarre or obvious his disguises are. Even though he is generally good-natured and easygoing, when frustrated and angered, SpongeBob can be sarcastic, rude and 'foul-mouthed' to his friends, even Template:Link, whom he treats as a father figure. Ironically, Squidward is the only character that SpongeBob never insults when he is angry; with the exception of the episodes "Can You Spare a Dime?" and "Breath of Fresh Squidward."
Although SpongeBob has several friends, and many of the citizens of Bikini Bottom often treat him quite friendly, most, if not all, citizens of Bikini Bottom have been shown to have some degree of dislike for him. In the episode "Gone," it is shown that a holiday called "National No SpongeBob Day" has been started by the citizens of Bikini Bottom. As its name suggests, it is an entire day dedicated to getting away from SpongeBob, where the people leave Bikini Bottom for the day. Even Patrick goes, stating that everyone needs at least one day away from SpongeBob's laughter. In the ceremony, they build a giant wooden effigy of SpongeBob, burn it down, dance on the ashes (though some, like Squidward, are actually shown kicking the ashes), and depart Bikini Bottom. SpongeBob is more honored than insulted by this, as he was the "inspiration" for the holiday.
Sometimes, SpongeBob is a nudist. In which he has a tendency to take off his clothes whenever he wants to. He was shown naked in "Ripped Pants," "Nature Pants," "The Paper," "Hooky," "Pranks a Lot," "All That Glitters," "Rise and Shine," "Overbooked," "Stuck in the Wringer," "Model Sponge," and "Gramma's Secret Recipe." SpongeBob got nude when he wanted to live with the jellyfish in "Nature Pants." In addition, in "Model Sponge," SpongeBob got undressed when he is used in a sponge commercial. In "Pranks a Lot," SpongeBob and Patrick had to strip in order to use the Invisible Spray. In "Overbooked," during the presentation, he is requested to undress and enter the machine.
Antagonistic side
SpongeBob is intelligent and his antagonism does not excuse him at all, including annoyance.
- In "Nasty Patty," He helped Template:Link create a tainted patty to "kill" the health inspector. They both thought the health inspector was a fake one and even put the nastiest things on the patty.
- In "Squirrel Jokes," He made fun of Template:Link by calling her stupid. Even though he promised Sandy that he would say no more squirrel jokes, he broke the promise. He also told Sandy that people would be laughing "with" her, but they would actually laugh at her. However, this stopped once Sandy started being dumb and injured SpongeBob.
- In "Pizza Delivery," he and Squidward get lost in the desert while delivering a pizza. They both are on the verge of starvation; however, SpongeBob repeatedly refuses to let Squidward eat the pizza even though they would both die of starvation without it.
- In "Can You Spare a Dime?," He picked up Mr. Krabs tightly by the neck out of frustration and anger and yelled at him.
- In "Pranks a Lot," He and Patrick trespassed and scared everyone, and attempted to burn Mr. Krabs' money.
- In "Party Pooper Pants," Squidward went to his party when his cables were cut, obviously by SpongeBob.
- In "Employee of the Month," he gets very worried that Squidward would win the Employee of the month award instead of him, hence he tries to sabotage Squidward (ironically making him try harder to get it, as he did not even care about it in the beginning). Finally, they both were exhausted and called a truce. However, once at work they destroyed the Krusty Krab from their "work." It then exploded from making too many Krabby patties thus customers picked them up and ate them free.
- In "Christmas Who?," he cuts down Squidward's tree (which is actually illegal), and puts up decorations on Squidward's house even though Squidward said not to.
- In "Squidward, the Unfriendly Ghost," He sent Squidward up in the sky even though Squidward said no more favors. However, this was because he thought that Squidward was still dead, due to his naive nature.
- In "Rodeo Daze," He kidnapped people, who would not help him, to help him save Sandy from a rodeo. That is technically illegal because it counts as kidnapping.
- In "Toy Store of Doom," He annoyed an employee by singing. He also hid in the store past open hours and someone could have thought he might have been robbing the store.
- In "Just One Bite," He forced Squidward to eat a Krabby Patty by handcuffing himself to Squidward.
- In "Ripped Pants," He tricked the lifeguard into thinking he was dying, but it was a prank just to say he ripped his pants.
- In "Sailor Mouth," He used foul language, along with Patrick. (Mostly sounding like aquatic animal noises)
- In "Pressure," he, along with Patrick, Krabs, and Squidward made fun of Template:Link when she could not do things they could because she was a land creature.
- In "The Thing," He and Patrick antagonized Squidward by asking so many questions. They also broke into the zoo and broke out Squidward.
- In "Walking Small," He ruthlessly took what he wanted and accidentally drove everyone from the beach, but he was tricked by Plankton the whole time.
- In The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, He ruthlessly scolded Mr. Krabs (though drunk) because Mr. Krabs did not make him the manager of The Krusty Krab 2.
- In "Best Day Ever," He scolded everybody who made him fail in having the best day ever.
- In "Driven to Tears," He tore up Patrick's license and threw it out.
- In "Stanley S. SquarePants," after taking the blame for most of Stanley's mistakes, he finally exploded at both Mr. Krabs and Stanley when he saw that his spatula was broken by Stanley.
- In "A Pal for Gary," he scolded Gary for "being mean" to Puffy Fluffy, when it is actually Puffy Fluffy who is being mean to Gary.
- In "Squidward in Clarinetland," Squidward must go through the torture that SpongeBob created to find his clarinet.
- In "The Other Patty," he created a new restaurant called The Flabby Patty which proves to better than the Krabby Patty. He forces Mr. Krabs and Plankton to work together (much to their dismay) to get the recipe. When they finally do, they find out it was not a real recipe. SpongeBob reveals that he was the one who created the Flabby Patty just to get them to work together, which got him, chased by an angry Mr. Krabs and Plankton.
Villainous role
In "Nasty Patty," he helps Mr. Krabs "poison" the health inspector and bury him when they thought he was dead.
Scapegoat side
- In "Karate Choppers," Mr. Krabs tells SpongeBob to stop karate for good, however, when he tells Sandy she does not believe him, and does karate around him. Krabs then fires SpongeBob even though he was not doing the one doing karate. However, Sandy then explains that she did not listen when he told her.
- In "The Bully," Flats the Flounder repeatedly threatens to beat up SpongeBob. However, he finally did only to find out that due to his "Sponginess" he was immune. Flats tried for days until finally (at Boating School) he collapsed from exhaustion. SpongeBob then gives a speech about it while making a fist gesture. Hence, Mrs. Puff thought he had beaten him up intentionally, thus screaming "I'M GOING TO KICK YOUR BUTT!"
- In "New Student Starfish," Patrick came with SpongeBob to Boating school in which he wrote a letter calling Mrs. Puff a big fat Meany and handed it to SpongeBob. Mrs. Puff then took away one of SpongeBob's good noodle stars even though it was Patrick's fault. However, Mrs. Puff probably did find this out when Patrick said, "See you SpongeBob, see you Big Fat Meany."
- In "Party Pooper Pants," SpongeBob is locked out of his house while throwing a party hence he tries to break in, but is caught by the police. He then explains that it is his house and that he was locked out while throwing a party. However, he is then arrested for not inviting the two cops even though it is legal not to invite the police to a party.
- In "Stanley S. SquarePants," SpongeBob's cousin works with him at the Krusty Krab (as Squidward moved away); he broke many things, which SpongeBob claimed were his fault. However, eventually SpongeBob could not take it anymore, and explained it was Stanley's fault.
- In "Keep Bikini Bottom Beautiful," a piece of garbage fell off a statue of Squidward (made of garbage) so a cop gave him and Squidward a ticket for it even though it fell off on its own.
- In "Stuck in the Wringer," SpongeBob gets stuck in the wringer, and then Patrick glues him so that he could be stuck forever, he couldn't work, eat ice cream or play the games at the carnival with the wringer on, and after yelling at Patrick for what the forever glue did, he gets scolded by the townspeople for it.
Like many other cartoon characters, SpongeBob has been shown to have numerous extraordinary abilities and attributes over the course of the series (even though physically weak).
- Soft Pliable Body: Due to his soft, pliable frame, he is capable of shape shifting, has some degree of invulnerability, being able to absorb any type of physical impact, shown most notably in the episode "The Bully."
- Regeneration: It is shown that he can quickly regenerate parts of his body that are injured or removed.
- Boneless: SpongeBob is usually shown to be boneless (sea sponges being invertebrates), however in some episodes such as "I Had an Accident," bones are shown on his X-rays. He also had bones when he ripped his skin off in "Atlantis SquarePantis," and "The Splinter."
- Absorbent: Being a sponge, he is also absorbent, and can expand his body by absorbing liquids. When he cries, he often re-absorbs his tears. Like in "The Bully" when Flats the Flounder kept on hitting him, but SpongeBob just absorbed all of his blows. Also, in I Had An Accident, he filter fed through his holes as he was a sponge.
- Singing and Nose Playing: SpongeBob is shown to possess a fantastic singing voice. He uses his nose as a flute, which he is very good. He was also the lead singer in "Band Geeks." Later he uses his nose flute in "Best Day Ever" to drive away the Nematodes from the Krusty Krab.
- Fry Cooking: SpongeBob has a job cooking Krabby Patties at the Krusty Krab.
- Jellyfishing: SpongeBob and Patrick jellyfish in several episodes, in "Jellyfish Hunter"; he caught every single jellyfish in the fields.
- Tongue Boarding: SpongeBob tongue-boarded in "Pre-Hibernation Week," he can also do it in the Battle for Bikini Bottom video game.
- Survival Skills: In "To Save a Squirrel," SpongeBob and Patrick almost ate each other to survive.
- Bubble Blowing: SpongeBob can perform extraordinary moves with bubbles.
- Driving: He drives perfectly in various episodes, but he drives recklessly on the episodes, which are the appearances of Mrs. Puff.
- Karate: He trains in Karate perfectly, but he rarely mixes them up.
- Destruction: Although, he does not know it and thanks to his poor driving skills, SpongeBob is actually skilled at Demolition Derbies. This was shown in "Demolition Doofus" as SpongeBob (who was using the name Le Squish) managed to defeat five other competitors (also surviving against Mrs. Puff.
Near-death experiences
Template:Main SpongeBob's life has most usually been in good luck at his Boating School driving tests, where he gets himself and others (usually Mrs. Puff) injured or almost injured from his reckless driving. He also gets injuries from extreme sports with Sandy and the Radicals, Patrick, or living like Larry. He also almost froze to death in "Frozen Face-Off." He also almost did not make it against the Big One in "SpongeBob SquarePants vs. The Big One." One time he was almost eaten and starved to death in "To Save a Squirrel." In "I Had an Accident," SpongeBob did not concentrate on sandboarding and cracked his butt; the doctor said he was one of the lucky ones to survive.
Creation and development
Stephen Hillenburg intended to create a series about an over-optimistic sponge that annoys other characters. Hillenburg compared the concept to Template:W and Template:W. As he drew the character, he decided that a "squeaky-clean square" (like a kitchen sponge) fit the concept.
The first concept sketch portrayed the character as wearing a red hat with a green base and a white business shirt with a tie. SpongeBob's look gradually progressed to brown pants that were used in the final design. SpongeBob was designed to be a kid-like character who was goofy and optimistic in a style similar to that made famous by Template:W.[2]
Originally, the character was to be named SpongeBoy, but this name was already in use. This was discovered after voice acting for the original seven-minute pilot was recorded in 1997. The Nickelodeon legal department discovered that the name was already in use for a mop product.[3] Upon finding this out, Hillenburg decided that the character's given name still had to contain "Sponge" so viewers would not mistake the character for a "Cheese Man." Hillenburg decided to use the name "SpongeBob." He chose "SquarePants" as a family name as it referred to the character's square shape and it had a "nice ring to it."[4] The "Cheese Man" mistake was used 3 times, CheeseHead (or CheeseBoy by the citizens of New Kelp City) was used as SpongeBob's fake first name in WhoBob WhatPants?, Nancy said "Oh, so now the talking cheese is going to preach to us" in Band Geeks, and Timmy Turner mistakenly called SpongeBob "a giant block of cheese" in the video game Nicktoons Unite!
Although SpongeBob's driver's license says his birth date is July 14, 1986, which would make the character 12 (nearly 13) years old at the time of his debut appearance on May 1, 1999, Hillenburg joked that he is fifty in "sponge years." He explained that SpongeBob actually has no specific age, but that he is old enough to be on his own and still be going to boating school. The decision to have SpongeBob attend a boat driving school was made due to a request from Nickelodeon that the character attend a school.[5]
SpongeBob is voiced by veteran voice actor Tom Kenny. Kenny previously worked with Hillenburg on Template:W, and when Hillenburg created SpongeBob SquarePants, he approached Kenny to voice the character.[6] Hillenburg used Kenny's and other people's personalities to help create the personality of SpongeBob.[3]
The voice of SpongeBob was originally used by Kenny for a background character present in a crowd scene in Rocko's Modern Life. Kenny forgot the voice initially as he created it only for that single use. Hillenburg, however, remembered it when he was coming up with SpongeBob and used a video clip of the episode to remind Kenny of the voice.[3] Kenny says that SpongeBob's high-pitched laugh was specifically aimed at being unique, stating that they wanted an annoying laugh in the tradition of Template:W and Template:W.[7]
In SpongeBob SquarePants broadcast in non-English languages, the voice actors dubbing SpongeBob's voice use Tom Kenny's rendition of the character as a starting point, but also add unique elements. For example, the French version has SpongeBob with a slight Template:W style Template:W.[3]
SpongeBob SquarePants was born on July 14, 1986 to Harold SquarePants and Margaret BubbleBottom.
He lives with his pet snail Gary in a large Template:W-shaped house on 124 Conch Street, Bikini Bottom. His next-door neighbor, Squidward Tentacles, who lives in an Easter Island head, hates SpongeBob and is constantly annoyed by his antics. SpongeBob is oblivious to this, and believes Squidward to be his friend. Beside Squidward's house is the home of SpongeBob's best friend, Patrick Star, who literally lives under a rock.
SpongeBob works at the Krusty Krab, Bikini Bottom's most popular restaurant, where he is a fry cook and prepares all food served at the Krusty Krab, most notably Krabby Patties. The first episode of the series depicts SpongeBob applying for and being hired to this job. He says that it has been his lifelong dream to join the Krusty Crew, and that only now is he "ready." When he applies for the job, Squidward and Mr. Krabs, wanting no part of him, send him on a fool's errand for a "hydrodynamic spatula with port and starboard attachments and turbo drive." While he is out searching for one, several hundred hungry anchovies arrive and overwhelm Squidward and Mr. Krabs. SpongeBob soon returns, having actually found a hydrodynamic spatula, and saves their lives by feeding the anchovies, showing off his amazing cooking skills in the process.
SpongeBob's house is an orange pineapple with fully furnished windows and doors and even a gas pipe. Apparently when he first moved to Bikini Bottom, he viewed many different houses, but none seem to his liking. Just as he was about to give up, a pineapple from a boat above the water, falls into the sea and land onto the space that was Squidward's garden where Squidward was still gardening in. He loves the house and buys it, leaving Squidward in misery by losing his garden and having SpongeBob living next to him.
SpongeBob is not only extremely good at his job, being able to produce a Krabby Patty within seconds, but has a strong passion and an abnormal love for it; something of a workaholic, he enjoys his job more than any other activity, and is saddened whenever he cannot be at work. He is also obsessed by Krabby Patties themselves; on numerous occasions, he has proclaimed them the best food in the world and in "Just One Bite" and "Shuffleboarding," he is shocked and horrified to see one thrown away. SpongeBob is one of the few characters to have fingers and the only main character to wear shoes. He is apparently very good at his job because he is the Vice Assistant General Manager of Certain Things (Stanley S. SquarePants). He also has been shown making a perfect Krabby Patty on his first try when he was a baby.
SpongeBob's skills as a fry cook could accurately be described as superhuman; in episodes such as "Help Wanted" and "Employee of the Month," he is seen making them at rates of hundreds or even thousands per minute. He has won 374 consecutive Employee of the Month awards at the Krusty Krab. In "Friend or Foe," it is shown that SpongeBob, as an infant, made a perfect patty on his first attempt. In "Neptune's Spatula," he is able to pull the Golden Spatula from the grease, making him the "chosen one" of King Neptune. In that same episode, it is shown that the burgers made by Neptune himself are horrible compared to SpongeBob's.
Squidward, the restaurants only other employee, runs the cashier and takes orders. Squidward is the polar opposite of SpongeBob; he hates his job (as well as the Krusty Krab itself) and performs it poorly. The employer of SpongeBob and Squidward, Eugene H. Krabs, is extremely greedy, selfish and abusive of his employees. He pays them extremely poorly, far below legal minimum wage, and is unhealthily obsessed with money. Despite this, SpongeBob is unquestioning of Mr. Krabs and looks up to him as an authority figure.
While not working, SpongeBob spends much of his time playing with his best friend, Patrick Star. Like SpongeBob, Patrick is childish, moronic and fun loving. The two have known each other since early childhood, and are members of the "Best Friends Forever Club."
Their usual activities include Jellyfishing, bubble blowing, and various others. Their antics are of constant annoyance to their neighbor, Squidward, on numerous occasions, has been put in harm's way as a direct result of their actions. Despite Squidward openly hating SpongeBob and Patrick, they are completely oblivious to this and believe they are his best friends. SpongeBob and Patrick's favorite superheroes are Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy, who they convinced to come out of retirement.
SpongeBob's other best friend is a squirrel from Texas named Sandy Cheeks, who wears a special suit and helmet to survive underwater. SpongeBob first met Sandy when he saw her wrestling a giant clam, which he helped her defeat. Sandy then invited SpongeBob to her home, an airtight terrarium known as the Treedome, and SpongeBob, not knowing what air is, accepts. When he comes to the Treedome and realizes that there is no water, he begins drying up and attempts to survive without water, telling himself that he does not need it and that "Water is for quitters!" Eventually, however, he gives in and starts panicking. Eventually, Sandy gives SpongeBob and Patrick bowls of water to wear over their heads, which they typically wear whenever they visit the Treedome.
Unlike Patrick, Sandy is very intelligent, both technologically and practically, but is tolerant of SpongeBob's stupidity and enjoys his company, and in some episodes, it is implied that Sandy has even raised SpongeBob's intelligence considerably. They enjoy doing extreme sports together, most notably Karate. SpongeBob's skill in karate is shown to vary considerably between episodes. At times, he equals and even outmatches Sandy in skill, while at other times he is incompetent to the point where Sandy can send him flying a considerable distance with a single punch; in "Karate Island," Sandy openly states that her karate skills are better than SpongeBob's by "a country mile." SpongeBob on various occasions, has been hinted to have a crush on Sandy, even though SpongeBob staff disproves this.
SpongeBob also attends Mrs. Puff's Boating School, where he is periodically tested for his driver's license. However, he becomes extremely nervous and reckless when behind the wheel of a boat, and has consistently failed his test countless times, often injuring Mrs. Puff and/or damaging the school and/or the entirety of Bikini Bottom in the process. According to the episode "Mrs. Puff, You're Fired," SpongeBob has failed the exam 1,258,056 times, and is the only creature in the history of the school to fail the test. In that same episode, Mrs. Puff describes SpongeBob as "unteachable." Despite his inability to drive a boat properly, SpongeBob has been shown to be able to drive/ride various other things capably, including a rock, a rocket ship, a sandwich car, and a submarine. SpongeBob claims that he does know how to drive, but simply panics behind the wheel and cannot concentrate. In "Mrs. Puff, You're Fired," SpongeBob receives extremely good training from Mrs. Puff's extremely tough military-esque replacement and learns how to drive capably, but can only do so while blindfolded due to the teacher's strict drills and very specific teaching methods.
Template:Main SpongeBob has many relatives, most notably his parents, who appear in several episodes. Unlike SpongeBob, who has the appearance of a kitchen sponge, most of SpongeBob's relatives, while still cartoony, resemble actual sea sponges, being round in shape and brownish in color.
In "SB-129," a robotic descendant of SpongeBob named "SpongeTron" is seen, as well as a primitive ancestor. "Ugh" features a caveman version of SpongeBob known as "SpongeGar." SpongeGar is distinctly different from the primitive sponge seen in "SB-129," being more evolved and closer to his modern counterpart. "Pest of the West" features SpongeBuck SquarePants; an ancestor who saved Dead Eye Gulch in what is now Bikini Bottom from Dead Eye Plankton in 1882.
For the majority of the series, SpongeBob takes the job of fry cook in the Krusty Krab. Acting like a workaholic, he treats his job seriously and with dignity. Primarily, he works as the janitor and fry cook, but occasionally takes the role of the cashier and manager.SpongeBob also has been shown to take other jobs such as Mayor of New Kelp City after saving the denizens from The Bubble Poppin' Boys. He created the Pretty Patties and opened his own store, which was highly successful. Later, the painted food poisoned the many consumers that admired the creation. In "Welcome to the Chum Bucket," he was briefly employed at the Chum Bucket, but failed to do any successful work. In "Model Sponge," SpongeBob seemingly hears he was to be let go, but he has mistaken himself as the person to vacate his current life. Throughout his unemployed life during that episode, he tries to apply for many jobs, but he was not qualified for them as he was meant for a fry cook role at the Krusty Krab. He has also worked at Fancy! during the worker switch.
Throughout the run of SpongeBob SquarePants, the SpongeBob characters have become very popular with both children and adults.
The character's popularity has spread from Nickelodeon's original demographic of two to eleven-year-olds, to teenagers and adults,[8] including college campuses and celebrities such as Sigourney Weaver and Bruce Willis.[9] Template:W indicates that the unadulterated innocence of SpongeBob is what makes the character so appealing.[10] SpongeBob has also become popular with gay men, despite Stephen Hillenburg saying that none of the characters are homosexual. The character draws fans due to his flamboyant lifestyle and tolerant attitude.[11]
The popularity of SpongeBob translated well into sales figures. In Template:Time, SpongeBob SquarePants dolls sold at a rate of 75,000 per week, which was faster than Template:W dolls were selling at the time.[2] SpongeBob has gained popularity in Japan, specifically with Japanese women. Parent company Viacom purposefully targeted marketing at women in the country as a method of building the SpongeBob SquarePants brand. Skeptics initially doubted that SpongeBob could be popular in Japan as the character's design is very different from already popular designs.
However, not all reception for SpongeBob has been positive. Many viewers, particularly those older or some that consider them "above" the series, find his character to be very obnoxious and/or annoying. Such issues have been amplified since season four and onwards as hundreds of formerly loyal fans turned on SpongeBob due to a "quality loss," in which the character's antics and mannerisms are significantly up played. Template:W's Top 10: Irritating '90s Cartoon Characters ranked SpongeBob at number four. The publication said that his well-meaning attitude is "extremely annoying."[12]
An alternate SpongeBob exists in a world where Template:Link was successful. Like his mainstream counterpart, he likes his career, likes promotions and gets sad when he makes an error in someone's order. The most significant difference is that he was made co-cashier by Plankton and is employed by him.
An alternate SpongeBob is mentioned in every short of the series, "What if SpongeBob was Gone," without SpongeBob, Gary threw a humongous party that ended in disaster; Patrick in this universe cannot hunt jellyfish properly; Sandy gets injured when playing karate and the Krusty Krab ends in ruins and all would say except Gary, everything's better with SpongeBob.
Other SpongeBobs exist throughout non-TV media (see SpongeBob SquarePants in popular culture).
SpongeBob also has friends from other universes as shown in the video game Nicktoons Unite and its other sequels, Nicktoons: Battle for Volcano Island, Nicktoons: Attack of the Toybots and SpongeBob SquarePants featuring Nicktoons: Globs of Doom. In these games, he and Patrick befriend Timmy Turner (as well as his fairy godparents Cosmo and Wanda), Danny Phantom, Sam Manson, Tak, ZIM, XJ9/Jenny, Stimpy, Jimmy Neutron, Tucker Foley, Goddard, Rocko, and Gir (See List of crossover characters for more information).
Patrick Star
Template:Main SpongeBob's best friend and neighbor.
Sandy Cheeks
Template:Main SpongeBob's second best friend. In "Truth or Square," when SpongeBob was trapped in the air duct, he remembered a marriage between Sandy and himself; however, it was only a stage show and not an actual marriage and in "The Great Escape," book he kisses Sandy on the helmet.
Pearl Krabs
Template:Main Mr. Krabs' daughter and a distant friend of SpongeBob. Technically, at some point Pearl is always embarrassed by SpongeBob.
Squidward Tentacles
Template:Main SpongeBob's neighbor and friend (but only to his dismay).
Mr. Krabs
Template:Main SpongeBob's employer/boss and friend.
Template:Main The arch-nemesis of SpongeBob's boss, Mr. Krabs.
Mrs. Puff
Template:Main SpongeBob's driving teacher.
Gary the Snail
SpongeBob's pet snail and friend.
- "Today's the big day, Gary!" (First line, ''Help Wanted")
- "There it is. The finest eating establishment ever established for eating: The Krusty Krab, home of the Krabby Patty, with a Help Wanted sign on the window. I've waited years for this moment. I'm gonna go in there, march straight up to the manager, look at him straight in the eye, lay it on the line, and - I can't do this!" (Help Wanted)
- "Bring it around town. Bring it around town!" (Bubblestand)
- It's all about finger strength, baby!" (Pressure)
- "I'm ready!" (Several episodes)
- "Order up!" (Several episodes)
- "Barnacles!" (Several episodes)
- "Tartar sauce!" (Several episodes)
- "Ah, shrimp!" (''Several episodes)
- "MR. KRABS! I WANNA GO TO BED!" ("Arrgh!")
- "Good morning world and all who inhabit it!" (''Missing Identity)
- "The most important meal of the day, servin' it up, Gary's way, pop!" (''Missing Identity)
- "Kare-a-tay!" (''Karate Choppers)
- "Fish paste!" (''Rock Bottom)
- "I'm ugly and I'm proud! (''Something Smells)
- "Sandy, you may not have noticed, but I is 100% mam-male (''Prehibernation Week)
- "Life is as extreme as you wanna make it." (''Pre-Hibernation Week)
- "The Krabby Patty Secret Formula is the sole property of The Krusty Krab and is only to be discussed in part or in whole with its creator, Mr. Krabs. Duplication of this Formula is punishable by law. Restrictions apply. Results may vary." (''Imitation Krabs)
- "If we're discussing the Secret Formula on the third Wednesday in January and it's not raining outside, after we gargle vanilla pudding, what do we do?" (''Imitation Krabs)
- "What could be better than serving up smiles?" (''Can You Spare a Dime?)
- "The sign says "kitchen," but my heart says "jail." ("Welcome to the Chum Bucket")
- "K-R-A-B-B-Y-P-A-T-T-Y says I!" (''Fear of a Krabby Patty)
- "I gotta pinch myself because I must be dreaming. OOOOWW!" (''Fear of a Krabby Patty)
- "I'M READY TO PARTY! ARE YOU READY TO PARTY!?" (''Mid-Life Crustacean)
- "Cleanliness is next to managerliness." (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "You don't need a license to drive a sandwich." (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "I'm ready, promotion!" (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "I'm ready, depression." (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "Another Triple Gooberberry Sunrise, sir." (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "Step aside and you won't have to feel the awesome wrath of our mustaches!" (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "Doesn't it seem a little harsh to kill someone over a crown?" ("The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "I'm a Goofy Goober, yeah!" (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "I'm a Goofy Goober, ROCK!" (''The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie)
- "GARY! YOU ARE GONNA FINISH YOUR DESSERT AND YOU ARE GONNA LIKE IT!" (Dying For Pie)
- "Uh... uh... uh..." ("The Algae's Always Greener")
- "SOILED IT!" ("The Algae's Always Greener")
- "Well, it's no secret that the best thing about a secret is secretly telling someone your secret, thereby secretly adding another secret to their secret collection of secrets. Secretly." (''The Secret Box).
- "I'm wearing three pairs of underwear right now!" ("'The Secret Box")
- "I have to skip town, start a new life, live under an assumed name! BobPants SpongeSquare! Yeah, that's good. Grow a beard and shave it off, and live happily ever after!" (''The Bully)
- "Hey, you know, life's like a bucket of wood shavings, except for when the shavings are in a pail, then it's like a pail of wood shavings!" (''The Bully)
- "Good afternoon, sir. Could we interest you in some chocolate?" (''Chocolate With Nuts)
- "So, how long have you two ladies known each other?" (''Chocolate With Nuts)
- "Let's change our names to 'Why' and 'Bother.'" (''Chocolate with Nuts)
- "No, let's save that for when we're selling real-estate" (''Chocolate With Nuts)
- "I like Squidward..." (''20,000 Patties Under the Sea)
- "Wanna see me run to that mountain and back? Wanna see me do it again?" (''Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy V)
- "We've been smackledorfed!" (''The Nasty Patty)
- "C-A-M-P-F-I-R-E-S-O-N-G SONG!" (''The Camping Episode)
- "The world is your litter box!" ("Dumped")
- "And you don't even need to use a bowlwlwlwlwlwl!" ("Dumped)
- "Can I make a Krabby Patty now?" ("Krusty Krab Training Video)
- "Remember that time that me and Sandy got married?" (''Truth or Square)
- "Squidward, that wasn't the peace treaty, that was just a copy of the peace treaty." (''Snowball Effect)
- "It matters not whether one is dirty or clean... for can cleanliness exist without filthiness? And would filthiness exist without cleanliness? (''The Battle of Bikini Bottom)
- "If I have to memorize a single order I think I'm gonna explode!" (''Squilliam Returns)
- "Airline food. My gosh, what is up with that stuff? Thank you, good night!" (''Walking Small)
- "Wee-Snaw!" (''My Pretty Seahorse)
- "Krabby the Clown is in the building!" (''Krabby Land)
- "How could you, Mr. Krabs? You promised these children Krabby the Clown. But all I saw out there was *sniff* Cheapy the Cheapskate!" (''Krabby Land)
- "I am now going to assault your mind with subliminal messages!" ("Gary Takes a Bath)
- "It's the Best Day Ever!" (''Best Day Ever)
- "Who put you on the planet? UGH!" ("I ♥ Dancing")
- "Hi, Patrick! TIME TO SHARE!" ("Yours, Mine and Mine")
- "Pearl, I don't think this is the Tunnel of Glove... it's the Tunnel of Evil!" ("Tunnel of Glove")
- "SEVEN YEARS AGO!?!" ("Licence to Milkshake")
- "Look at me, I'm naked!" (Help Wanted)
- On some occasions, SpongeBob wears glasses, like for Jellyfishing (for protection) or for reading. These are similar to those worn by his portrayer, Tom Kenny.
- In seasons one and two, his eyes are larger compared to other seasons.
- In "Help Wanted," it is revealed that his first words were, "May I take your order?" However, this is wrong, as in "Truth or Square" his first known words are "Krabby Patty." However, in "Truth or Square," he was still inside his mother's womb, so when he said, "May I take your order?" it may have been after he was born.
- SpongeBob has displayed some forms of telepathy. This is usually displayed in form of jokes about how annoying he can be.
- "Sleepy Time" - SpongeBob affects his friends' dreams.
- "Dying for Pie" - SpongeBob says hi to Mr. Krabs in Squidward's thoughts.
- "The Great Snail Race" - SpongeBob asks Gary "Are you thinking what I'm thinking?" Gary thinks about TV, and SpongeBob replies negatively.
- "Big Pink Loser" - SpongeBob thinks, "At least I'm safe inside my mind." Patrick thinks the same, as a result SpongeBob screams.
- "Gary Takes a Bath" - SpongeBob assaults Gary's mind with a creepy image.
- "The Hot Shot" - SpongeBob appears to have read Mrs. Puff's mind asking her what "incorrigible" means and Mrs. Puff said, "incorrigible" in her mind.
- During the talk screens of the DS version of Creature from the Krusty Krab, SpongeBob has green eyes instead of blue.
- SpongeBob is shown to be weak, but in episodes like "Can You Spare a Dime?" he showed super strength.
- SpongeBob has on various occasions, insulted any or everyone who insults him or rather enrages him, including his friends.
- On the cover of the SpongeBob's Box of Books boxset, SpongeBob's throat is dark purple. In the books, it is maroon.
- SpongeBob's voice is deeper in the first season than it is in the later seasons. His voice also changes by the fourth season; it is lighter and sounds a lot more childish. In addition, his personality changes somewhat to be more childish, this affected the episodes plots from the fourth season up until about season 8. It is unknown why this was done. Most likely to attract even younger viewers, this possibly lessened adult viewers though.
- SpongeBob has appeared on a few pictures on iCarly.com.
- SpongeBob wears green pajamas instead of his usual underwear whenever he has a visitor or is at a sleepover (usually with Patrick or Squidward), possibly to make the episode more appropriate.
- SpongeBob is a shape shifter in some episodes shown.
- SpongeBob is a mascot of Nickelodeon and Nickelodeon Movies.
- SpongeBob's regular outfit has two shirt pockets, two back pockets, two front pockets, a pocket in his tie, and another pocket.
- SpongeBob appeared in every episode of the series, even as a cameo, or an alternative universe counterpart in "The Algae's Always Greener." He is the only character to hold this distinction.
- Most of the time, his pants refer to his entire outfit, including the shirt and tie.
- In one episode, SpongeBob was given a ten-dollar paycheck on Monday. It was a raise from starting out being paid as nothing then receiving underwear.
- In "I Was a Teenage Gary," he is left-handed, but in later episodes, he is ambidextrous. This could be he was born a dominant lefty, but an accident with his left arm might have happened sometime after "I Was a Teenage Gary," which made him learn with his right or he just learned to write with both hands.
- SpongeBob is said to be right handed, but in "Neptune's Spatula" he approved that he had two left hands.
- SpongeBob is considered the most popular character on Nickelodeon.
- Beginning in "My Pretty Seahorse" and heavily used in post-season 5 episodes, SpongeBob's nose usually droops down when he is sad, much like Squidward's nose is normally.
- SpongeBob's voice actor also voices the Ice King in "Adventure Time with Finn & Jake," another show that debuted on Template:W.
- SpongeBob's head has gotten bigger in each season and his waist has gotten wider. In some early season 2 episodes such as "Big Pink Loser" he has a narrow waist.
- SpongeBob's pupil and cornea (the blue part of his eye) have gotten larger and more elliptical in each season (before that, they were just perfect circles).
- SpongeBob's name was originally supposed to be SpongeBoy, but this name was already in use by a mop product. Mr. Krabs references this by saying, "SpongeBoy, me Bob!" in the episode "Squeaky Boots."
- Even though Template:Link is the creator of the Krabby Patty, in "Are You Happy Now?" the narrator said that SpongeBob was the creator.
- When he goes to the beach, he often wears swimming wear; in earlier episodes, they are blue, but they change to red in later episodes. This is first seen as a cameo in "Clams," but is very noticeable in newer seasons.
- It was revealed in "Love That Squid" that SpongeBob is allergic to tulips.
- It's revealed in "You Don't Know Sponge" that SpongeBob's favorite ice cream is plain vanilla, has an outie bellybutton, and his favorite color is beige.
- SpongeBob's middle name might be Reginald because in SpongeBob's Truth or Square, he said it was Reginald although it could have been fake like the voice he was using.
- SpongeBob has about 40 holes.[13]
- 12 front holes
- 9 back holes
- 5 holes on his left
- 5 holes on his right
- 5 holes on top
- 4 holes on bottom
See also
- Bob the Sponge
- SpongeBoy
- SpongeBob RoundPants
- The Yellow Avenger
- CheeseHead BrownPants
- Fry Boy
- SquidBob
- Invincibubble
- Abrasive SpongeBob
- Krabby Patty Burgular
- The Squish
Template:Reflist Template:Clear Template:Characters Template:Sponges Template:KK
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text:
A man with "a particular set of skills" is heading to a television near you. But it's not Liam Neeson.
"Taken," a modern-day, nail-biting thriller, follows the story of Bryan Mills in a new television series that takes place 30 years before the movie of the same name. Viewers are introduced to the character before he becomes the world weary fighter made iconic on the silver screen by Neeson, as he just begins his career as a deadly CIA operative.
The role is portrayed by Clive Standen, who is bringing his own fresh take --and stunts-- to the action-heavy role.
U.S. & World
"He's just an everyday guy with a 'particular set of skills,'" Standen said. "He's relentless. He just won't give up."
Standen, whose credits to date include runs on the History Channel's "Vikings" along with small roles in films "Everest" and "Hammer of the Gods," insisted on doing the majority of his own stunts for the show, including fight scenes, running and parkour. He believes when a stunt double takes over a scene, the audience loses engagement with the character, since they can only see the character's back.
"If you can put a camera on an actor's face, then you start to tell a story through the action and you start to engage an audience," he said.
After accepting the role Standen spoke to Neeson, who told him the main thing to keep in mind about Bryan Mills is that "his heart is what keeps him going, it's what gets him up."
Standen pays homage to Neeson's portrayal through his intensity, but says the roles are quite different. He's excited for "Taken" to debut as "an action show with no fluff," because in his portrayal of Mills, Standen makes him a "real person."
"When I watch a TV show, I want to connect with someone who has some kind of humanity," he said. "I don't want to do anything that looks larger than life; life is large enough. No one wants to go see 'action man' anymore, we want to see life."
Alexander Cary serves as writer and executive producer, who Standen credited with finding an "amazing cast," including Jennifer Beals, Gaius Charles, Brooklyn Sudano, Monique Gabriela Curnen, Michael Irby, James Landry Hébert and Jose Pablo Cantillo.
"Taken" premieres on Monday, Feb. 27 at 10 p.m. ET on NBC.