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The Republicans have enjoyed majorities in both bodies of the General Assembly for nearly seven years now, and pretty soon Phil Berger and Tim Moore will be asking for two more. This is an appropriate time to assess their performance on the economy. Even under the Perdue and Cooper governorships, policy outputs were shaped greatly by House and Senate Republicans, and they have been in the majority long enough that they must hold considerable responsibility for the state's well-being.
Of course, the country as a whole has recovered, albeit painfully slowly, from the financial crisis and deep recession of 2008-09. We are bound to be better off than we were when the GOP captured the General Assembly in the 2010 elections. The key is to compare North Carolina to other states.
In this regard we're doing pretty well, at least according to the most important economic indicators. In every year since 2011, with the exception of 2014, the state's gross domestic product has increased at a rate higher than the country and the average of our Southeastern peers. For nearly the entire period we've been just outside the national top 10.
North Carolina's economy has expanded steadily. Its average annual growth has been 1.9 percent, and it has never been below 1.4 percent or above 2.7 percent. We've avoided the boom-and-bust cycles that have afflicted states that bettered us at the beginning of the period — particularly energy producers like Texas, Wyoming, and the Dakotas — and that are beating us today, principally Western states that were embroiled in the recession for a lot longer. To be fair, the state's rankings are similar to those achieved in the 1990s and early 2000s. But it's important to note that under the Democrats in 2007-10 the state's GDP growth was, when compared to national and regional benchmarks, considerably worse than it has been since.
The performance looks even better when we examine unemployment. In 2011, only four states had a larger proportion of their workforce out of a job. Today we are ranked 26th. Migration into the state is also strong, demonstrating the desirability of North Carolina as a place to live. From 2010 to 2016 we moved up one place, from 12th to 11th, in the ranking of states by net migration per 1,000 residents. In fact, we are growing more rapidly than before. In 2012 the state gained 5.6 residents per thousand inhabitants from the previous year; in 2016 the figure was 7.9.
Despite cries to the contrary, North Carolina hasn't become materially more unequal, at least compared to other states. In 2010 the state was tied for 15th by income inequality as measured by its Gini coefficient, a statistic of dispersion regularly used to measure income distribution. We were in the same spot in 2016, still slightly below the national figure. The reason North Carolina's rank can be so high yet remain under the benchmark is that most of the top states, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York — all of these are blue incidentally — exhibit extreme inequality.
Economic policy surely has much to do with this. Over the past seven years the state has undergone a process of deregulation and fiscal disciplining that has provided solid foundations for sustainable ascent through national rankings. We moved up four places in the Cato Institute's "economic freedom" index between 2010 and 2014 — the most recent year for which data are available — although we are still just 24th. In the Mercatus Center's ratings on fiscal and regulatory policy, North Carolina has improved dramatically on measures such as short- and long-term solvency. Over the period We have moved from 21st to second in the American Legislative Exchange Council's "Economic Outlook Rank."
Not that you would know from reading the papers and watching TV. Still, blaming the media for the lack of attention to the state's strong economic performance over the past seven years only goes so far. Focus has frequently been deflected from the economy by legislators themselves. House Bill 2, in particular, hurt the GOP's agenda. Most of the states' voters were ambivalent about the bill, but as soon as they perceived it had negative economic consequences and the business community began to speak out against it, public support fell away.
Redistricting and the legislature's efforts to control the judiciary, executive agencies, and appointments to commissions seem nakedly self-interested — Public Policy Polling, for example, has found voters believe actions such as cutting the Justice Department's budget are blatantly partisan. Legislation exerting state control over matters such as municipal elections, infrastructure, and development policies confuse many who believe conservatives should support Barry Goldwater's "Ladder of Liberty" and the devolution of policymaking to the local level.
This is a shame. North Carolina's economy is strong and the Republicans in the General Assembly deserve the credit.
Andy Taylor is a professor of political science at the School of International and Public Affairs at N.C. State University. He does not speak for the university.


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Bonnie Bassler discovered that bacteria "talk" to each other, using a chemical language that lets them coordinate defence and mount attacks. The find has stunning implications for medicine, industry - and our understanding of ourselves. Talk recorded 6 February 2009.
To comment on this video or anything else you have seen on Future, head over to our Facebook page or message us on Twitter.
I know you think of yourselves as human beings but I think of you as 99% bacterial.


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Hob-to-table moussaka
Nutrition and extra info
- Freezable
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal529
- fat39g
- saturates16g
- carbs11g
- sugars0g
- fibre3g
- protein35g
- salt2.31g
- 2 tbsp olive oil
Olive oilol-iv oyl
Probably the most widely-used oil in cooking, olive oil is pressed from fresh olives. It's…
- 1 large onion, finely chopped
Onions are endlessly versatile and an essential ingredient in countless recipes. Native to Asia…
- 2 garlic cloves, finely chopped
- 500g minced lamb
- 400g/14oz can chopped plum tomatoes
- 2 tbsp tomato purée
- 2 tsp ground cinnamon
A fragrant spice which comes from the inner bark of a tropical tree. When dried, it curls into…
- 200g/7oz jar chargrilled aubergines in olive oil, drained and chopped
Although it's technically a fruit (a berry, to be exact), the aubergine is used as a…
- 200g/7oz pack feta cheese, crumbled
- 3 tbsp fresh mint, chopped
There are several types of mint, each with its own subtle difference in flavour and appearance.…
Brown the mince: Heat the oil in a large, shallow pan. Toss in the onion and garlic and fry until soft. Add the mince and stir fry for 3-4 minutes until browned.
Season and simmer: Tip the tomatoes into the pan and stir in the tomato purée and cinnamon, then season generously with salt and pepper. Leave the mince to simmer for 20 minutes, adding the aubergines half way through.
To serve: Sprinkle the crumbled feta and chopped mint over the mince. Bring the moussaka to the table as the feta melts and serve it with a crunchy green salad and toasted pitta.


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Home Page › Blog › Emotional Support Animal Laws
Emotional Support Animal Laws
We call them man's best friend. Animals have been pillars for many of our emotional and psychological needs. Why? Animals have been around for centuries as humans' most loyal and oftentimes closest companions. This is the reason we now rely on Emotional Support Animal(s), or ESAs. However, one of the challenges we are facing is misinformation on ESAs. Below is a summary of emotional support animal laws to better understand your rights.
Difference Between an Emotional Support Animal and a Service Dog
If you're an individual with an emotional or psychological disability- emotional support animals can be an excellent companion. While emotional support animals are used as part of some medical treatment plans, they are not considered service animals under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Emotional support animals are simply that- providing support for those in need. If you suffer from anxiety, depression, panic attacks, or other psychological and emotional conditions, the law protects your rights to have an official Emotional Support Animal. It is important to know that unlike service animals, emotional support animals are not required to be specifically trained. They are often used in Animal Assisted Therapy sessions to improve the psychiatric or intellectual disabilities of their owners. Service Dogs help provide their handlers support by performing specific task.
Emotional Support Animal Access To Public Places
Your emotional support animal does not need to be professionally trained because they provide support just by being around you. The laws under ADA only extends to animals that are individually trained to perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability. Due to this distinction, your emotional support animal is not protected by the same laws that govern service animals. Service dogs are allowed access to all public places such as movie theaters, hospitals, and restaurants. Emotional Support Animals are allowed access only to apartments (including those with no-pet policies) and on airplanes. Please keep in mind, Emotional Support Animals need to be well behaved in public and follow basic commands.
What Laws Protect Emotional Support Animals?
Although emotional support animals do not have the same rights as service dogs under ADA, they are protected under the Fair Housing Amendment Act (FHAA) and the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA). If you meet the criteria of these provisions, you are entitled to an emotional support animal in the air and in your housing unit. The FHAA allows emotional support animals access in housing facilities, even when the complex has a no pet policy or breed/weight discriminatory policies. Landlords are required to provide reasonable accommodations so you are granted equal opportunity to use and enjoy your housing. Moreover, the ACAA allows emotional support animals to fly with you in cabin without extra fees and charges. If you animal is larger is in size, they will provide you with reasonable accommodation so you can sit on the plane with your ESA.
How Do I Make My Pet Into a Legitimate Emotional Support Animal?
It is required by law that you obtain an ESA Letter beforehand. If you are seeking an emotional support animal, you must have a verifiable disability and a legitimate need for an emotional support animal. Before issuing an ESA letter, your medical professional will assess your needs and determine whether you meet the federal definition of having a disability. If your current doctor is ignorant to the benefits of an ESA or if you do not have access to a therapist, ESA Doctors can help connect you with a therapist to see if you qualify for an ESA letter.
64 comments
- Karen L Cerritos says: June 30, 2020
We have a no pet building policy and have several emotional support animals. We do not allow them on our rooftop. Is this an issue?
- Anonymous says: May 29, 2020
Animal control threatened to take my puppy because she "looks like a pitbull" and even though she's ESA, "anyone can get a fake certification online." What do I do if they try to take her away from me? She hasn't done anything wrong.
- Franklin White says: April 1, 2020
I had no idea that emotional support animals are allowed into any apartment or airline. This is great to know because my brother has an emotional support dog but the apartment complex he wants to move into refuses to accept the dog. I'll tell my brother that it is against the law for them to do that and that he should fight against it.
- Cassidy says: February 29, 2020
Yes, I just did this. A therapist wrote a letter for both of my cats to be my ESA's in the same letter.
- Alli says: January 25, 2020
Unfortunately with applications for renters agreements most of them do state that the animal has to be at least a year old. I would double check your lease and if it doesn't state that ask them where it does state that they have to be a year.
- JG says: January 9, 2020
Allergies and Asthma are protected under ADA. Those with allergies and asthma have more rights than anyone with an emotional support pet. Those with allergies and asthma should work together to promote pet free spaces so those with ADA protections can have the option to stay in allergen free hotels, etc. Perhaps even sue airlines who kick ADA protected individuals off of airplanes so the emotional support pet can stay.
- Veronica Hensley says: December 7, 2019
I have an emotional support dog and I babysit for my son at his house the landlord is trying to make me pay for a background check and to be put on the lease or we won't be aloud over my son's house is this legal
Yes. Your landlord can have rules as to how old a pet must be in order to reside with you, UNLESS that specific "prohibited" pet is the one the ESA letter is for. Just because you have one ESA letter does not mean you can have as many pets as you want, the letter usually dictates how many (I have had letters "prescribing" me two esa dogs). Usually the letters are not transferrable to other dogs if you already have one registered with the landlord as the ESA. If you got a new dog and already had an ESA, then the landlord can ask you to rehome the new dog due to restrictions or require deposits, rent, and fees.
- Cynthia says: October 24, 2019
I have a client that comes to a clinic and brings her emotional support dog. She has a registration form that states federal service dog registration and a registration number. She was told she can not bring her dog. is that true? or is it against the law even though it is an emotional support dog verses a service dog
As long as you have a letter from you doctor stating this is a legit ESA, no matter age, breed or size, they CAN NOT denied or charge deposits or pet rent for the pet!!
I have over 15 years in property management and have passed MANY Fair Housing Law classes.
If they push the issue, get a copy of the FAir housing law when it comes to ESA and present it to them! If they continue, tell them you will be contacting an attorney and get the property Management name and the managers DIRECT supervisors name and contact info so you can speak with them about the law. They usually change their tune pretty fast when the word attorney is used.
It is not an option for them.
ESA do NOT have age limits, breed restrictions or size restrictions!! They can only deny if you are asking for an unreasonable accommodation which you are not.
- Marie says: August 9, 2019
I love dogs let me start with that the problem I am having with ESA is in the shelter with homeless people if they are not responsible owners the dogs use the bathroom inside the facility. They tend to not bathe them as well. Trying to keep the shelter clean in these conditions become very hard especially when there are multiple dogs. Some are in need of medical care and I feel like this is abuse to the dogs. This is not a great situation. I can understand homes but not shelters.
- Dan says: November 15, 2019
I want to know what rights people have.
My brother is deathly allergic to pet dander
He cannot be around or in where any cats or dogs have been such as public places like on air planes, restaurants, stores, hotel rooms where pets have been around ect. This could kill him, if he doesn't get to a hospital, I agree that people need support dogs and emotional support dogs but by reading all the comments and it seams that people just want to call there dogs support dogs to be able to have them accepted in rental places and public places there needs to be rights for people that have allergies that can kill them. I have rentals and I have only one unit that is dog friendly if a will have all my units of 5 dog friendly I would never be able to rent them out to other tenants that could have allergies like my brother has, and if I don't tell them that a dog / pet has been in the unit before and they get sick or god forbid die I could be held responsible, so what about landlord rights also?
Don't get me wrong I love pets I have a dog in my house and my brother has never been in my house or vehicles sence I had a pet and that's been over 35 years.
- Casey says: July 29, 2019
If you already had an ESA animal and got another which you said was a 5 month old puppy yes they can deny the puppy due to you already having one you can have 1 I do not believe 2,3,4 ect
- Lucia Estrada says: July 24, 2019
Iv'e had an ESA for almost 4 years and I recently moved into a new apartment complex where the landlord does not allow dogs. He made me jump through hurtles but in the end knew he could not deny her. Its been about a month since we got her all moved in (we had to have her stay at my parents while the paperwork and insurances were filed) and in the last couple of days she has been going pee on our balcony in the middle of the night even though we take her on two walks a day after meals. The first time she did it it trickled down on to the downstairs neighbor's patio, and now the landlord has sent me a Notice to Cease is threatening eviction. Is this legal? Can he evict me because she had an accident on the balcony? This is the only issue shes has because she is a very well behaved dog. She does not bark, chew anything up or scratch.
Also, yes a landlord can still ask you to remove the dog, ESA or not, if it is disturbing other residents in certain ways. Urinating on others personal property (even if it leaks from your balcony), barking excessively, destroying residential property, not picking up after your pet, being/acting aggressively towards other residents, etc.. are all reasons they can request you to remove the animal and it is not against the law. If you choose not to remove the offending animal, they can go thru the eviction process.
- Nadina says: May 14, 2019
I did the questionnaire for a ESA to be approved online. Does anyone know how long it takes?
Got mine in 3 days.
- Jill Barnes says: April 29, 2019
I love animals, I could probably use an ESA myself. I have a question, my upstairs neighbor has a rescue dog breed ?? 10 yrs old ESA. She doesn't work. Ut she manages to be gone for several hours every day and that poor dog barks the whole time she's gone. How's he do2 her any good when she's not there. All tbe neighbors are starting to complain about the barking
She does not bring the dog with her because ESA's are not allowed the same rights as a Service Dog. They can not go out in public like Service dogs can. Rescue is not a breed. If the housing facility allows her to have the dog, all you can do is complain and they can choose how to handle it.
I heard they dont look at the dogs I'd card so how would they know if it's a service dog or not
- Regan Love says: April 7, 2019
I have a 2 year mini pig that is already legitimately certified/papered and Dr. Letter. We just moved and the new city says that NO hooves animals are allowed in the city. When I stated she was a therapy animal, they said it doesn't matter. What are my options?
- Mack says: April 30, 2019
You have no options. Under federal law, dogs only. Used to be mini horses in some cases but I think they got rid of those. ADA states that ESA and service animals are two different things and an establishment DOES NOT have to let your ESA into their establishment I'd they do not want to because it's not federal law. City trumps fed anyway in the city.
- Tiffany Bryson says: May 12, 2019
How did you go about getting the legal certification and the doctor's letter
- Autumn says: March 25, 2019
IF an ESA is allowed in an establishment, are they required to wear a muzzle? Is it up to the discretion of the establishment? Can the establishment require one ESA to be muzzled and another not be? If one ESA is allowed, are all others?
- Tasha Brule says: June 17, 2019
They are not allowed in public places. Only service animals are. A vest, letter nothing gives the animal the right to be there. The ADA which is the law that covers that. Service animals perform a specific task that they have been trained to do for their owners. They are the only ones that are legally covered to go onto any establishment.
- Kathy says: February 7, 2020
Can a wife keep an emotional support dog that was her husbands after her husband dies if she lives in a no pet bldg
- Sue says: March 22, 2019
Please keep in mind, Emotional Support Animals need to be well behaved in public and follow basic commands. 9 Week puppy will not qualify to follow basic commands and if the puppy destroys anything in the apartment the the Landlord has the right to press charges for monthly pet fees and replacement of any damage in my opinion.
- Misty Black says: December 28, 2019
Mine and my fiance's dog is both esa and the landlord is trying to make us pay 500$ pet deposit do we have to pay it and can she charge us a pet fee?
- Lisa Gasswint says: March 21, 2019
I recently got a Australian Shepherd puppy to have as an emotional support dog. My question is do I need a letter of certification or just the ID to put on his vest? And is the vest purchased separately than the ID package? Thank you.
You need an ESA letter that is actually signed by a licensed professional. ID's and vests are good for identifying your dog as an emotional support dog, but not always needed.
- Fredo Melecio says: August 1, 2019
Can you have two companions dogs in one apartment?
- Carol says: August 4, 2019
The vest is not going to gain you access to public places. The law is still the law; ESAs are still only allowed for housing and air travel access. NO stores, restaurants or other publis places.
No vest is required.. You need a letter on your therapist letterhead stating why you need an ESD,must be signed by your therapist with his DEA number on it,
- Angela Whidby says: March 12, 2019
I have several children that have Emotional Behavioral Disorder, PTSD, ADHD and I got A therapy Golden doodle to help around the house but would like to take her out in public as a service dog because of the children's emotional stability and sometimes they can not handle society and with her around it would make a difference so how do I GAO about getting the letter to be able to take her with us in public?
When I sign in it ask questions concerning my state and she's not for me but my children.
You will have to have the dog trained and registered as a Service Dog. An ESA is not covered under the same laws as service animals to be allowed in public places other than airplanes and rental properties.
- Penny Lane says: May 13, 2019
What you need to understand is that the ONLY ANIMALS that are allowed in ALL PUBLIC PLACES and the ONLY ANIMALS that are protected by the ADA are specifically trained to provide a SERVICE to their owners.
Be it to bark once to inform their owners to take their medication or to alert them of an incoming dangerous situation concerning their health ect…
Service defined:
a : the work performed by one that serves
good service
b : HELP, USE, BENEFIT
glad to be of service
c : contribution to the welfare of others
Emotional Support Animals are not required to be specifically trained to perform a SERVICE. They are prescribed by a doctor to give comfort, to meet an emotional need, to give their owners EMOTIONAL SUPPORT, to be by their side.
Since they do not perform/provide a SPECIFIC SERVICE to their owners, they are not required to be SPECIFICALLY TRAINED. Their ONLY ROLE is to give EMOTIONAL SUPPORT/COMFORT.
Emotional Support defined:
: being by one's side;
: being there for someone
: the provision of reassurance, acceptance, and encouragement during times of stress.
: to endure bravely or quietly : BEAR
: to keep (something) going
: to provide comfort
Providing emotional support to someone doesn't require a specific training because you usually provide emotional support and comfort to someone you love.
In both situations, the ANIMAL is taking the place of a human being.
The SERVICE ANIMAL is highly trained to perform a specific SERVICE to it's owner. This is done by the dog because he is TRAINED to do so. The dog is not providing this service because he has a relationship with his owner, he is doing it because he was trained to do so.
The Emotional Support Animal will help his owner when they are feeling depressed, sad, or lonely. They will cuddle, lick and wag their tails which can help their owners feel happier. They will be by their side when they are feeling anxious, insecure, that they don't matter or even paranoid by helping to calm their owners, by again, cuddling, licking and even by barking which can help their owners to be less anxious, feel they are being protected, that someone cares how they feel and just by doing the same things that all dogs generally do, they often help their owners feel like they actually matter and that their life has a purpose.
There is no doubt that combined with treatment, and other methods, Emotional Support Animals have and will continue to save lives every day just by giving their owners the EMOTIONAL SUPPORT they desperately NEED to maintain a balance and function on a daily basis.
BOTH types of Animals are NEEDED for all of the reasons listed above and MANY more! They both have their place in our communities!
To answer your question about getting a letter to take your Emotional Support Animal into public places, you have to understand that an Emotional Support Animals are not covered by the protection of The Americans With Disabilities ACT and the laws regarding them are different.
Emotional Support Animals are only protected in the areas of housing and travel… (airports, hotels ect.)
If you want to be able to take the dog with you out in public, and have that right protected by the laws, you would have to have the dog trained to be a Service Animal and provide a SERVICE to the kids.
For example, if one of the kids has an emotional outburst while out in public and the dog is TRAINED to recognize this and trained to SPECIFICALLY go to that child and sit by the child and by doing THAT SERVICE the child is able to calm down quickly and regain control, THEN the dog would be providing a SERVICE to the children and would then be considered a SERVICE ANIMAL allowed by law to go to any public entities.
I hope that helps you understand a little more.
And with that I will also tell you that the letter needs to come from a licensed Dr or mental health or social worker in your community who is willing to say that the Animal is providing a needed SERVICES/Therapy/EMOTIONAL SUPPORT to the children in your care!
Good luck to you and I hope I was at least some help to you!
Have a wonderful blessed day! ❣❤❣
- Cheryl c says: July 16, 2019
We have a 2 year old German Shepherd and is very well behaved and trained, I started when he was 6 weeks old. My husband has rheumatoid arthritis and has a hard time with his hands. Our dog has a harness that can carry items for him. Is that considered a service that would be service dog action?
- Kim says: July 31, 2019
What does the law say regarding ESA animals and hotels/VRBOs/campgrounds with pet policies?
- Carol says: December 23, 2019
No because the dog was not specifically trained to provide service to your husband. professional training is required for an animal to be registered.
- Gail Williams says: July 29, 2019
I have a 8yr old pet bull. We have had her since she was a pup. My daughter has seizures. She detects them before I do, and alerts me. My dog has a pup he's. A year now. He' picks up on her the same way. How do i go about getting papers for them. Will my doctor know what to do after I get the was letter from her doctor. Will I have to pay anything? Please inbox me need help,
- Mimi says: July 31, 2019
I am beginning to believe my dog provides emotional support for me. Since emotional dogs don't fall under the same laws as service, that means I can't bring my dog to pilot places such as the mall and whatnot correct?
- Cara says: October 24, 2019
Yes that's correct
First of all you need to learn the difference between a SERVICE DOG and an EMOTIONAL SUPPORT DOG. The laws are very different. Service dogs protected by the ADA and they can only ask you 2 questions. ESD is not protected by the ADA and requires documentation from the therapist that has been treating the patient, must be on their letterhead, must be signed with their DEA license number on it,
Make up your mind you said I did not have valid email address. I had a comama rather than a period on my email address. I corrected now you tell me I already posted my comment, How? You refused it the first time
- Barbara Kuehn says: February 15, 2019
I'm picking my puppy up tomorrow he's 9wks and a Dachshund. I do want him to be a ESA
- Jessica says: June 17, 2019
I have a ESA. And just got a 5 month old puppy. My landlord now just informed me that I can not have a dog under the age of a year. Is this true?
No, a landlord can't deny access because of your dog's age. Make sure you have an ESA letter from your own doctor/therapist or from a reputable source online like ESADoctors.com where they match you with a legitimate licensed professional that actually signs your ESA letter. DO NOT go with a company where the company places the doctor's signature on a letter.
- Shirley says: November 3, 2019
Don't you have to have seen that particular Doctor within the last 12 months?? How can you obtain one without ever seeing that Doc?? And what if my neighbor has an ESA and mistreats the animal?? Humane Society said there's nothing they can do??
- Bryan says: January 6, 2020
I'm truck driver I'm with a new company That doesn't allow pets
At my last job pets was allowed my dog went with me everywhere
Now he's sad at the house I know how he feels
Can he come on the truck if I have emotional support because I basically leave in my truck
- Barbara Zugaro says: July 21, 2019
I am at work I I work in extreme heat do I have to take my dog who is ESA because the hotel giving me a problem
my puppy is only 11 weeks old. hes my support dog
- Bee says: September 17, 2019
It doesn't matter the age. My landlord fought with me and even gave me a 5 day notice, but my doctor called him and she fought for me. Now he's agreed to let us stay because we we're going to sue
- Amanda says: October 19, 2019
No its not true contact Human Rights Commission
- Jessica says: November 5, 2019
No this is not true. Your dog can be any age due to they are there for companionship.
- Sheila says: December 15, 2019
No that is not true. Also all I did was get a script from my doctor stating I needed am emotional support animal and my apartments took that and I had a puppy 6 weeks old
- Soni says: February 16, 2020
I believe they would be violating the Fair Housing Amendment Act if a mental health professional has deemed it necessary for you to have a pet. It would be the equivalent of charging you extra or excluding you from possessing a prescription you need to maintain your physical health.
First of all you need to learn the difference between a SERVICE DOG and an EMOTIONAL SUPPORT DOG. The laws are very different. Service dogs protected by the ADA and they can only ask you 2 questions. ESD is not protected by the ADA and requires documentation from the therapist that has been treating the patient, must be on their letterhead, must be signed with their DEA license number on it,
- Cheryl says: March 3, 2020
I have a ESA cat. I live in a hotel have been for the last 5 years. The hotel required documentation that my animal was a ESA which the Veterans Administration filled out for me. I have had her for almost a year. She is used to deal with my depression as well as my PTSD from the military. Also my son benefits from her as he is autistic and helps c as an him. Now the hotel just got new management and they informed me I have to get rid of her because they dont recognize cats only dogs as emotional support and service animals. I paid to have her mocrochipped as well as behavioral training she is also fixed. Can they do that after doing what they said with documentation and then just because a new manager takes over she says they got to go? I am heartbroken as well as my son and now it has sent both of us spiraling down with anxiety and depression. I though they were protected under this fhaa..we are living here and not visiting in the hotel.
- Courtney Everett says: May 12, 2020
They can't tell you that your protected by law fair housing act just tell them they better act right or you can sue them for even trying to pull that on you!
- Tylenn says: July 20, 2019
I have an ESA, but he has a severe fear of other dogs. At my mom's work they allow dogs to be there and let me visit. I go there one day without knowing another dog was there and my dog is tareffied, other dog keeps on getting closer to my ESA and interfering with him as I attempt to pick my ESA up. I'm just wondering if the service/assistance laws on interfering with them apply for my ESA??
- Pear says: September 1, 2019
No. The laws are different for ESA and Service Dogs. ESA are not protected under the ADA laws. In fact business don't even need to allow an ESA to be there.
I would work on getting your dog socialized.
- Kendra Vorce says: July 25, 2019
Can I register 2 pets as esa?
- Scarlett says: November 6, 2019
Train that dachshund and socialize hike early, they are a protective breed.
- Lisa M Hough says: May 2, 2020
I work for a trucking company I need it to say for employment like in company truck that I drive how do I get that on the letter
- Gretchen Hallmark says: June 29, 2020
I have a doctor's note saying that now what
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A service dog can significantly improve a person's quality of life. Not only do they fulfill specific tasks for individuals with physical or mental disabilities, they also provide companionship and security. A service dog's presence can be the difference between a safe and a dangerous environment. That's why registering a service dog may be the […]
Service Dogs for Autism: How Can They Help?
Service dogs can be trained to help individuals with physical or psychological disabilities. As the service dog holds the job to specifically assist their handlers, a trained autism service dog can provide individuals with autism invaluable assistance in a number of ways. From helping their handler conquer social barriers to distracting them in times of […]
Is an Emotional Support Animal the Same as a Service Dog?
The terms "service dog" and "emotional support animal" are often incorrectly used interchangeably. While they fall under the same umbrella of assistance animals, these two types of dogs provide different services to their handlers. In order to find the most fitting, beneficial support, it's important for handlers to know the difference between the two types […]


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Way back to Earth
After living and working on the ISS for 193 days, spanning both Expeditions 30 and 31, André returned to the Soyuz capsule with his crewmates. The spacecraft undocked from the Station on 1 July 2012. The closure of the Soyuz hatch signaled the end of the PromISSe mission, and the astronauts landed back on Earth only a few hours later.
Reentry and landing on the steppes of Kazakhstan is a relatively quick procedure, taking no longer than three and a half hours. Shortly after undocking, the Soyuz spacecraft separates into its three parts. The orbital and service modules burn up on reentry in the denser layers of Earth's atmosphere.
The descent module rotates and places the strongest parts of the heatshield towards the reentry direction, so that it can absorb most of the heat. Reentry occurs at an altitude of approximately 120 kilometres, when the speed is reduced dramatically and the crew is pushed back into their seats by a force of 4–5 g. This is equivalent to four to five times their own body weight.
The parachutes and the Soyuz's shock-absorbing seats soften the landing, together with retro-rockets firing just before touchdown. The descent module usually touches down at a speed of less than 2 metres per second, or around 5 km per hour.
After landing, the crew deploy a communication antenna, so that the rescue teams can pinpoint their precise location. The Soyuz capsule is not reusable.
Once retrieved from their landing site, André was taken directly back to Houston from Baikonur, for rehabilitation and post-flight body data collection.
Undocking and landing timeline
00:00 min – Separation command
Separation command to begin opening hooks and latches, which hold the Soyuz spacecraft on a docking port on the Space Station
+00:03 min – Separation from ISS
Hooks opened. Soyuz begins physical separation from the docking compartment at 0.1 m/s.
+00:06 min – Separation burn from ISS
A 15-second separation burn when the Soyuz is about 20 m from the Station
+02:29 min – Deorbit burn
When the Soyuz is at a distance of about 19 km from the ISS, the engines fire for almost five minutes
+02:57 min – Separation of modules
The unoccupied Orbital Module separates from the Descent Module and burns up on reentry into the atmosphere
+03:00 min – Entry Interface
The Soyuz reaches Entry Interface at 122 km altitude
+03:08 min – Opening parachutes
Parachutes are commanded to deploy:
1. Two pilot parachutes.
2. Drogue chute. It slows the spacecraft's descent from a rate of 230 m/s to 80 m/s.
3. Main parachute. It slows the Soyuz to a descent rate of 7.2 m/s. The Soyuz descends at an angle of 30 degrees to cool, then the main parachute shifts it to a straight vertical descent.
+03:22 min – Soft landing engine firing
Six soft-landing engines fire to slow the vehicle's descent rate to 1.5 m/s just 1 m above the ground
+03:23 min – Touchdown
Soyuz lands on Earth


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I'm in the process of securing my home network. I have come across a great solution: firewall livecd. This solution is advantageous for several reasons. However, I am concerned about whether or not they can be trusted.
There is m0n0wall, Sentry Firewall, redWall Firewall, among others. Can the binaries provided by this software be trusted?
My concerns are there have been backdoors planted somehow. I mean, I don't have the time or knowledge to analyze the source code for vulnerabilities. Moreover, by going with a solution like this it is up to the maintainers to update any vulnerabities found in the packages included.
Is it better to just roll your own OS, and sign up to the mailing list where they list the currently known bugs?
Thanks for any insight!


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Maineville man, Indian Hill battle over $95 speeding ticket
A Maineville man's lengthy court battle with Indian Hill over a $95 speeding ticket has cost him $2,600 and counting.
Keith Ledgerwood, 29, of Maineville, admitted that he has a lead foot, but has somehow managed to talk his way out of speeding tickets for years.
Up until February of 2012 that is, when Ledgerwood got a ticket for driving 54 mph in a 35 mph-zone in Indian Hill.
The ticket kicked off a legal fight that has seen Ledgerwood's case dismissed and reinstated three times. It's now the subject of an appeal and could be headed for the Ohio Supreme Court.
Ledgerwood told The Cincinnati Enquirer that Indian Hill has been harassing him ever since he got a judge to dismiss the case when the officer who pulled him over didn't show up in court.
"This is a big miscarriage of process and justice," said Ledgerwood, an information-technology consultant. "Something crazy has happened here."
Indian Hill prosecutors, administrators and police said Ledgerwood should just pay the $95 fine and stop seeking special treatment.
"He is a chronic speeder who has the uncanny ability to get out of speeding tickets," Benjamin Yoder, the Indian Hill assistant law director, said. "Somebody is going to get hurt."
Ledgerwood has been stopped for speeding seven times in Hamilton County since 2004, and many of those charges have been reduced or dismissed, leaving Ledgerwood with a relatively clean driving record.
While Ledgerwood has won several dismissals of his case, Indian hill has been winning their appeals of those decisions.
Most recently, the village won an appeal of the ticket's dismissal to the 1st District Court of Appeals in Cincinnati, which ruled that Indian Hill hadn't violated a deadline to push the case.
Ledgerwood is appealing that decision to the Ohio Supreme Court, which he expects will cost him $4,000. That's on top of the $2,600 he's already spent on the case.
On the village's part, Yoder said that about 30 to 40 hours have been spent fighting Ledgerwood; Indian Hill pays a private law firm $4,000 a month to serve as its prosecutors.
"We only have a very few of these appeals and for purposes of public safety, we decided to appeal," said Don Crain, Indian Hill's law director.
"We feel obligated to support the officers," he said, defending the village's decision to pursue the $95 ticket cost. "What would your solution be? Just to let this guy off the hook again?"
Ledgerwood has admitted that he was speeding, but now it's far more important to Ledgerwood - and to Indian Hill, Ledgerwood said - than just a speeding ticket.
"They made it clear to me walking out of the courtroom that they were not going to let this go," Ledgerwood said. "I feel like there's something fundamentally wrong, trying to get around the rules. This is wrong."
The reissued speeding ticket has been assigned to another judge and is set to be in court July 9.


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GajShield Next Generation Firewall Appliances
Provides complete visibility into various threats and performance inhibitors allowing organization to make informed and proactive security measure. Threat Management incorporates an ICSA certified firewall, Context based Data Leak Prevention System, Application Filtering, BYOD Policy management, VPN, URL Filtering, Gateway Antivirus, Intrusion Prevention System and Performance Management has Traffic Analysis, Network behavior analysis, Policy based ISP Failover and Load Balancing as well as Bandwidth Management.
GajShield GS1060dc firewall supports High Availability with Active-Active and Active-Passive HA. It can also be easily managed using GajShield's Centralised Firewall Management System. Its multicore architecture with hardened 64 bit OS provides increased performance and security.
* Expandable Ports Module needs to be procured additionally.


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The search found 83 results in 0.017 seconds.
Kids with life-threatening illnesses need cutting-edge technology and medical expertise, but families face uneven access and paths to such care.
This paper proposes a theoretical framework and an empirical example of the relationship between the civic stratification of immigrants in the United States, and their access to healthcare. We use the 2007 Pew Hispanic Center/Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Hispanic Healthcare Survey, a nationally representative survey of U.S. Latinos (N = 2,783 foreign-born respondents) and find that immigrants who are not citizens or legal permanent residents are significantly more likely to be excluded from care in both the United States and across borders.
Cancer is a life-changing condition for many American seniors, and a growing body of literature is assessing the mental health implications of living with the disease. This article builds from the well-known buffering hypothesis with insights from recent cancer research to investigate whether social networks moderate the association between cancer and mental health for older men and women.
As work regimes become global, social communication increasingly occurs across locations far apart. In the absence of a common national, ethnic, or organizational culture across continents, what makes communication possible among social worlds technologically integrated in real time? Taking India's global call centers as the focus of analysis, this article attempts to solve the riddle of communication by showing how transnational business practices rely on the transmutation of cultural communication into global communication through the processes of neutralization and mimesis.
To alleviate uncertainty in the specialized field of transgender medicine, mental and physical healthcare providers have introduced the rhetoric of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in clinical guidelines to help inform medical decision making. However there are no diagnostic tests to assess the effectiveness of transgender medical interventions and no scientific evidence to support the guidelines. Using in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 23 healthcare providers, I found that providers invoked two strategies for negotiating the guidelines.
According to Bird and Rieker's sociology of constrained choices, decisions and priorities concerning health are shaped by the contexts—including policy, community, and work/family—in which they are formulated. While each level received attention in the original and subsequent research, we contend their constrained choices theory provides a powerful multilevel framework for modeling health outcomes. We apply this framework to tobacco clean air restrictions, combining a comprehensive database of tobacco policies with the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 from ages 19 to 31.
Research on prosocial attitudes, social networks, social capital, and social stratification suggest that lower–socioeconomic status (SES), Hispanic, and nonwhite individuals will be more likely than their higher-SES and non-Hispanic white counterparts to engage in health behaviors that serve a social good.
We utilize over 40 years of prospective data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 1,229) and repeated-measures latent class analysis to examine how long-term patterns of stability and change in economic hardship from childhood to adulthood are related to subsequent trajectories of midlife health.
Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and multi-level modeling, we examine the role of social comparison with schoolmates in adolescent girls' weight control. Specifically, we focus on how girls' own weight control is influenced by the body sizes and weight-control behaviors of their schoolmates. Our findings suggest that comparisons with similar others (in this case, girls of a similar body size) appear to have the strongest association with individual girls' reports of trying to lose weight.
Although numerous studies have considered the effects of having health insurance on access to health care, physical health, and mortality risk, the association between insurance coverage and mental health has been surprisingly understudied. Building on previous work, we use data collected from a two-year follow-up of low-income women living in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio to estimate a series of latent fixed-effects regression models assessing the association between insurance status and symptoms of psychological distress.


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Rocker Bruce Springsteen canceled a planned show Monday in Kansas City after his cousin, a longtime roadie for Springsteen and his E Street Band, was found dead in a hotel, according to reports.
Lenny Sullivan, 36, was found dead at Kansas City's Intercontinental Hotel and local police were investigating, The Associated Press reported. A police spokesman said the death was not suspicious.
"A warm and sensitive person, he was beloved by Bruce, the Band, the crew, and the entire Thrill Hill family," read a statement on Springsteen's web site.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
The band said that all tickets for Monday's show at Sprint Center would be refunded at the place where they were originally purchased.
"Bruce and The Band deeply appreciate the understanding of our Kansas City audience and look forward to returning at the earliest opportunity," the statement said.


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DR. HooK
- « first
- ‹ previous
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
|Achoo, baby! Treating problem pollen
|Say what? Patients and doc should talk same talk
|Bottoms up!: 'Screaming' procedure saves lives
|Empty? Full? World offers more options
|Glove love: Take care to slide home safe
|Endless abuse: No cure for a personality disorder
|Bad news, grandpa: Turn in your license!
|Dryers: To clean or itch, that's the question
|Phone-a-pill: Get your prescriptions in person
|Clogging: Curb cholesterol to live longer
|Hot stuff: Menopause could shake up fashions
|Take it easy: No Type-A's behind the wheel
|Cut off: How much booze is too much?
|Vitamin V: Rising to the varsity squad
|Thoughtless: The plague of second-hand smoke
|Pill power: Keflex not quick cold fix
|Regular gal: How often should you 'go'?
|Eyes heavy? If not, get TV out of bedroom
|Gobble, hobble: Health perils of the holidays
|Take it off: Let Olivia be your guide
|Flu shots: Roll sleeves up... if you're elderly


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These chewy oatmeal cookies are spicy with ginger and not too sweet. Look for candied ginger that's cut into cubes and is not dusted with sugar — it'll be more tender and easier to chop.
- Yield
- Makes about 50 cookies
- 3 cups old-fashioned rolled oats
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1/2 cup whole-wheat flour
- 1 teaspoon salt
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- 2 sticks (1 cup) unsalted butter, softened
- 1 1/4 cups (packed) brown sugar
- 1 large egg
- 1/4 cup honey
- 2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
- 6 ounces semisweet chocolate (60 to 65 percent cocoa), coarsely chopped (about 1 1/4 cups)
- 1 cup crystallized ginger, finely chopped
- Arrange racks in upper and lower thirds of oven and preheat to 375°F. Line 2 large baking sheets with parchment paper.
- In food processor, combine oats, all-purpose flour, whole-wheat flour, salt, and baking soda. Pulse until oats are coarsely chopped, about 6 (1-second) pulses. Set aside.
- Using electric mixer at high speed, beat butter and brown sugar until fluffy, 2 to 3 minutes. Add egg, honey, and vanilla and beat until smooth, about 1 minute. Add oat mixture and mix at low speed just until incorporated. Stir in chocolate and ginger.
- Drop rounded tablespoons of dough about 2 inches apart onto baking sheets. Bake, 2 pans at a time, switching positions of pans halfway through baking, until golden and slightly crisp on edges, about 14 to 16 minutes. Cool on sheets 3 minutes, then transfer to racks to cool completely. Continue making cookies with remaining dough and cooled sheets.
- Transportation tips:
- To keep them fresh, pack the cookies in covered containers with waxed paper between each layer. If it's very hot out, you may want to refrigerate them until you leave to ensure that they won't melt before dessert time.


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New in the Literature: Physical Therapy for Cervical Disc Disease (Spine [Phila Pa 1976]. 2013;38(4):300-307.)
In patients with radiculopathy due to cervical disc disease, anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) followed by physical therapy did not result in additional improvements in neck active range of motion, neck muscle endurance, or hand-related function compared with a structured physical therapy program alone, say authors of an article published this month in Spine. They suggest that a structured physical therapy program should precede a decision for ACDF intervention in patients with radiculopathy to reduce the need for surgery.
In this prospective randomized study, 63 patients with radiculopathy and magnetic resonance imaging-verified nerve root compression received either ACDF in combination with physical therapy or physical therapy alone. Outcomes, including active range of neck motion, neck muscle endurance, and hand-related functioning, were measured in 49 of these patients by an independent examiner before treatment and at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups.
There were no significant differences between the 2 treatment alternatives in any of the measurements performed. Both groups showed improvements over time in neck muscle endurance, manual dexterity, and right-handgrip strength.


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Just another Printable Coupon to save you money!
Coupons are added to the Printable Coupons for Free Database Daily!!!
Hurry and print yours here–>
$4.00 any ONE (1) Soothe product
Active Date: January 5, 2020
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Make sure to join our Printable Coupons Facebook Group here to get some of those that disappear quickly!


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Just a reminder that anyone who has a Haunt Video and wants to send it to be a part of the Collective, the deadline is January 31st.
Click below for details:
Thursday, January 20, 2011
Video Awards Submission Deadline
Just a reminder that anyone who has a Haunt Video and wants to send it to be a part of the Collective, the deadline is January 31st.
5 comments:
- NoahFentz said...
Thank You for posting this Mr.Rot. Not quite sure why more haunters have not entered their videos. In past years there has been over 100 videos and this year I think its less than 20. I love waiting for these DVDs to arrive and sit and watch them for inspiration and ideas. Its just not the same watching them on Youtube.
Come on Haunters send in those videos. It dont matter if there is a fancy soundtrack or Hollywood style camera shots. It can be as simple as a slideshow of pictures.
Keep this Halloween tradition alive!! Send in those videos!!
- January 20, 2011 at 1:05 PM
- Chris 'Frog Queen' Davis said...
Thank you so much! Husband and I are quite sad that we have so few submissions.....maybe everyone is just waiting until the last minute? :D
Again, thanks you are the best!
- January 20, 2011 at 6:14 PM
- Pam Morris said...
well, I wish I would have videoed my haunt but I was so frazzled with 'the public' and not knowing what to expect that I only took still photos...at any rate, I look forward to seeing everybody else's!
- January 20, 2011 at 9:15 PM
- Marrow said...
Does it matter if it is REALLY bad quality, as in youtube video quality? I only took videos with my Ipod.
- January 21, 2011 at 3:00 PM
- Chris 'Frog Queen' Davis said...
It is all good....trust me....we want to see what you have to offer!!
Again, Rot (and Bean), thanks a lot!
- January 23, 2011 at 6:29 AM


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Vanishing Point
How badly do professional cyclists want to compete in the fast and fabled pelotons of Europe? So badly that even riders without a prayer of winning big still roll with drugs, lies, and mortal danger. It's a life that can ruin more than a career. Just ask Joe Papp, an ex-pro who lives the doper's nightmare.
The picture couldn't have been creepier—there were guns visible in the frame. Joe Papp, a former pro cyclist whom I'd interviewed in person just ten days earlier, had e-mailed me a photo he took in his bedroom, using his BlackBerry. The image showed his desk, an alarm clock, books, a bottle of nail conditioner, and the firearms: a Kalashnikov-style assault rifle and a shiny black 9mm handgun.
Joe Papp
Joe Papp on a road near his hometown, Bethel Park, Pennsylvania
Joe Papp
Since telling all at the Floyd Landis hearing, Papp's life has become a "mash of worlds."
Joe Papp
Papp outside a friend's home in Pennsylvania
Joe Papp
Papp at the 2005 Tour of Cuba
Last September, when I'd flown home from Pennsylvania after spending time with Papp in the Pittsburgh suburbs, it was obvious that the 33-year-old was troubled. He had shown me videos he'd taken in secret, of ex-teammates using performance-enhancing drugs—what he called his "insurance policy." He'd told me about his Cuban wife, herself a talented cyclist, who had just given birth to their son but couldn't escape Cuba and come to the U.S. Banished from cycling, stuck living with his mother, and low on cash, Papp was tortured over the prospect of having to work a mind-numbing job to stay afloat.
"Life is hard," he'd said. "Am I in purgatory right now? Is this where I should've ended up?"
Less than a year before, in 2006, Papp had been living the bike racer's dream: He was part of a solid, second-tier European team that competed in places like Italy, Turkey, and Brazil. To maintain that life, he had taken a witches' brew of performance-enhancing drugs, and the drugs overshadowed everything. They made him faster, but they also nearly killed him. "It was a Faustian bargain," he'd said, "but you saw the pictures of my life in Tuscany."
When Papp got busted, he tried to redeem himself with a bold public confession at a major doping trial—the May 2007 hearing in Malibu, California, concerning Floyd Landis's alleged testosterone use during the 2006 Tour de France. But that turned out to be another catastrophe; it only raised Papp's profile as a cheater.
Then came Papp's e-mail to me, which arrived on a late-September night. He had told me once that he'd "visualized suicide," and events seemed to be pushing him that way. Two days before I heard from him, agents with the Drug Enforcement Administration had served a search warrant at the suburban home of Papp's mother, Marie. Papp claimed he had no idea what the agents wanted. He'd already told law-enforcement officers everything he knew about doping's underhanded world. Apparently the DEA thought he knew more, and it wasn't reluctant to push him.
Which prompted Papp to send his alarming message. "I'm not going to fucking jail," he'd told me over the phone. "Not for cycling."
ONLY TWO YEARS AGO, Joe Papp was a happy journeyman pro, spinning past Italy's cowbell-ringing tifosi. His team, Partizan-Whistle, was based in the Tuscan town of Montecatini Terme, and there was a plan to get his wife, former Cuban-national-team rider Yuliet Rodríguez Jiménez, out of Cuba and by Papp's side.
But then Papp got busted, and he was forced to reckon with various authorities who now held sway over his life. He hoped to clear his conscience and salvage his image by talking. Since then, he has gone far beyond the standard, sparingly worded drug-use confessions voiced by some suspected riders, dishing up deep insider knowledge of performance-enhancing drugs' availability, effects, and dangers.
Though Papp never turned a pedal in the Tour de France, his example is important, because it shows that drugs aren't exclusive to a few alpha athletes hoping to win at racing's highest levels. Perhaps more significant, Papp's story illustrates why cheating cyclists, even in the face of overwhelming evidence, don't often come clean. Confessing almost always brings a rider more problems than it solves, with the truth-tellers losing jobs, victories, reputations, identities, and even friends.
As a result, talkative riders are scarce. Four years after French mountain-bike racer Jerome Chiotti won the World Cross-Country Championships in 1996, he voluntarily admitted to having doped and gave back his title. His reward was condemnation and a suspension. High-profile Scotsman David Millar, while under police pressure in 2004, confessed to doping, lost his world time-trial title, and drank himself into oblivion before coming back to the sport in 2006. Patrik Sinkewitz, a German pro who rode last year for the T-Mobile squad (now called Team High Road), got busted in 2007 and was immediately dumped by his team and peers. "It was as if I didn't even exist anymore," he told the German magazine Der Spiegel.
Contrast such experiences with those of pro cyclists who got busted but have denied everything. American cycling's two biggest accused stars, Tyler Hamilton and Floyd Landis, both mounted extraordinary legal efforts to clear their names despite strong evidence that they cheated. Undoubtedly, they've both suffered major setbacks: Hamilton now rides for the U.S.-based Rock Racing team, a controversial outfit that may never be invited to the Tour. (See "Men in Black," Dispatches, May.) Landis was stripped of his 2006 Tour title by race organizers after arbitrators, siding with the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), upheld the charge that he'd tested positive for using supplemental testosterone during the race. But he will probably ride again as well, even if he loses his current appeal with the Lausanne, Switzerland based Court of Arbitration for Sport. Whether such riders are innocent or guilty, they can continue to proclaim their innocence while enjoying the silent approval of fellow pros, many of whom admire the fact that they never talked.
"That's one of the great ironies of cycling today," says Greg LeMond, a three-time winner of the Tour de France and no friend of Landis, whom he's accused of using performance-enhancing drugs. "Aren't the ones who confess the people with the moral conscience?"
Then there's Papp, who in the wake of his bust told a level of truth under oath that no American cyclist has matched. Granted, he was cornered. But regardless of his reasons for fessing up, the evidence that his statements have ruined his life, both personally and professionally, is overwhelming. His fellow pros don't talk to him, and the chances that he'll ever race professionally again are negligible. As for the little guys, the recreational racers and fans, they may be his most outspoken critics. Months after confessing, Papp still gets e-mails telling him he's despised either for betraying a rider like Landis or, more often, for simply admitting that he juiced up.
"If there's a way to keep reminding you of your wicked ways I'll be doing it whether it's 19 months or 19 years down the road," one person wrote him earlier this year. "Your lack of character will follow you the rest of your life. However shortened that may be due to the shit you put in your body."
WHEN I VISITED PAPP last summer, he wasn't too psyched to show me his current living situation. "Humiliating," he said, giving his mom's prosaic brick house a dull glance before leading me to the garage. "You do what you have to do."The garage was full of closed boxes. Papp, compact and slim with gelled hair, manicured nails, and pressed clothes, still looked sharp and fit, like a preening roadie.
"Here are my trophies," he said, pushing aside a cardboard flap and showing me a third-place cup from some forgotten Latin American race. "This stuff is significant as far as experiences," he added, "but as far as athletic accomplishments? They aren't meaningful anymore." After Papp confessed, he was stripped of all his titles dating back to 2001.
We left, driving to dinner at an expensive Pittsburgh restaurant in Papp's recently purchased jet-black 2004 Audi sedan. Despite the humble job he was holding down as a software salesman, he still liked to roll large, especially when someone else (like me) picked up the tab. "I should've been heir to the Rockefeller fortune," he said on our second night out. "I would've made a great Gatsby."
I could almost identify with Papp's sense of loss. What cycling freak hasn't envisioned himself living the high life of a top European racer? Unlike most of us, though, Papp had the talent to put himself dangerously close to his dream.Growing up in the town of Bethel Park, Papp displayed loads of potential: He won four junior state road-racing titles and built his reputation as a sprinter, specializing in shorter or flatter races. He did it without much family support. His mother was a widow and hoped Joe and his younger brother, David, would stick to simple pursuits like the Boy Scouts.
"Joey was so precocious, and I wondered how he got into cycling at all," she says. "It was so outside of what we did."
Like another Pennsylvania prodigy Floyd Landis Papp started climbing through the ranks. Landis, originally a mountain-bike racer, ultimately caught the attention of the elite European-based road squads. Papp toiled for also-ran teams sponsored by a local hospital chain and Franco Harris, the former Pittsburgh Steelers running back. In 1995 he was invited to a one-race tryout alongside Tyler Hamilton on a rebuilt team that would become the Lance Armstrong led U.S. Postal Service squad. Papp didn't make the cut.
Yet he did well enough a third-place finish at one Pennsylvania road race, a win at the state criterium (short-course) championships to maintain a belief that he could accomplish more. His handlers didn't see that happening.
"Joe wanted to be a Tour de France type rider, but no matter what he did, he wasn't going to be that," says Mike Fraysse, a former Olympic cycling coach who worked on and off with Papp for a decade. "If he would've stuck to what he was doing, he could've been one of the top racers in the U.S."
Papp had delayed college to ride, but he went back, graduating summa cum laude from the University of Pittsburgh in 2000. Soon after, he returned to racing full-time and subsequently got smoked at events in Ireland and Massachusetts. The whippings were brutal. "I thought, This is what it is now?" Papp told me. "I love my sport so much, and yet I'm reduced to crying? Fuck that."Later, a teammate told Papp that bike racing was changing dramatically. Even minor-league riders in the U.S. were following the European lead by taking performance-enhancing drugs. Did he want the number of a rather helpful doctor?
Papp didn't agonize very long. He drove far from Pittsburgh to see the doctor, a woman who concluded, with a wink, that his relatively low red-blood-cell count could use a boost. She had just the thing: recombinant erythropoietin (EPO), a drug designed to fight anemia by bumping up one's red count. Put EPO in a healthy pro cyclist's veins and it works like an afterburner, increasing the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to working muscles.
Papp wanted to mix it up with the world's most talented riders, so he got the drugs, locked himself in his bedroom, and jabbed the needle. About a month later, the benefits kicked in. Racing in a local criterium, Papp dusted a strong field. "I remember thinking, Ha-ha," Papp told me.
Did he remember anything else from his doping debut? Like a sense of guilt or sadness? "That was all conveniently put in a box," he said. "Then the box was thrown up on a shelf."
EPO WAS JUST THE START. Over the next several years, Papp hired himself out to different teams and traveled the world. The races were in countries like Uruguay and Chile, where the drug enforcement was lax. Papp swapped doping recipes with other riders, worked with doctors in both California and Latin America, and consulted the Physicians' Desk Reference for guidance. He claims to have taken more than 100 different pharmaceutical substances during his doping days. Among the more exotic meds were a derivative of calf's blood and a pill-form heart-disease medication that dilates the veins for a supposed boost of energy.
Hard as it might be to fathom, cycling insiders aren't shocked by Papp's roster of abuse. "The drive to succeed makes many of these guys unbalanced," says Dawn Richardson, a doctor for the Team Type 1 cycling squad who's worked separately with confessed dopers. "Their need for approval is the same fatal defect that rock stars have."
In early 2006, Papp called a friend on the Tuscany-based Whistle squad, offering his services for the upcoming Tour of Cuba stage race. Whistle had an opening and gave Papp a chance.
He rode freakishly well. Sprinters never drop the best climbers on climbs, but with his drug program "firing on all cylinders," Papp did just that. Whistle offered him a contract for the remainder of the season.
Despite the fact that Papp was an experienced doper, he was dumbfounded by his initiation at Whistle. Soon after his arrival, he claims, Whistle personnel started him on a serious drug regimen, passing out a potent type of EPO. "I suspected doping would be part of the program, but I didn't know how profound it would be," says Papp.
(Representatives of the Whistle team, which is now called Cinelli OPD, did not respond to repeated requests from Outside to discuss Papp's allegations, which were partially aired during the Landis hearing. According to records from the Union Cycliste Internationale, pro cycling's governing body, no member of Whistle other than Papp tested positive for a banned substance in 2006.)
Papp says he got the standard stuff (EPO and human growth hormone) as well as the extreme: On one occasion, he claims he was given two syringes of "pot Belge," a mix that's said to include amphetamines and heroin. Papp injected some of it before a race and then discreetly injected more into his shoulder during the race. He felt a rush of energy and then needed several days to recover.
Papp says he didn't dare tell his managers that he sometimes felt like a human pincushion refusing drugs was considered untrustworthy. Instead he dwelled on the positives. The Tuscan landscapes were beautiful, the group rides star-studded.
But on a sunny day in May, Papp's European adventure started to sour. He had used his killer sprint to clinch his third stage win of the multi-stage 2006 Presidency Cycling Tour of Turkey. Afterwards, he was told to report to doping control.
The request itself wasn't cause for alarm. Papp didn't think he'd taken anything a test could find, and he was well schooled in the ways of foiling doping cops. Before certain races, he says, the Whistle riders often took "micro-doses" of EPO in order to both maintain their blood's high oxygen-carrying capacity and slide through drug controls undetected. In addition, Papp says some doping officials took bribes, looked the other way while you poured someone else's pee from an energy-gel packet into the cup, or said nothing as you contaminated the sample with slyly placed soap on your fingertips.
On that May day, however, Papp says his managers wanted him to use a different trick. Before Papp arrived at doping control, a Whistle team staffer pulled him aside. He revealed a bladder that was connected to a rubbery tube and contained an unknown concoction. Papp was expected to catheterize himself and fill up his own bladder with synthetic urine.
He shook his head. "It was a feeling of revulsion," he later said. "I couldn't do it."
Papp says his refusal broke an unwritten contract between doper and team. He claims that, soon after his test came back positive for the banned steroid androstenedione, his teammates and managers distanced themselves from him, worried that the test result could cast a shadow over the entire squad.
While he awaited definitive proof from his B sample, Papp's last race for Whistle came in July. Competing in Tuscany's 100-mile Granfondo Michele Bartoli, he crashed with less than a half-mile to go. Papp initially thought he'd only endured a few scrapes. But by the time he lay down in his hotel room, his left buttock had swelled grotesquely. He freaked out and went to the hospital.Surgeons operated on Papp several days later, removing a mass of EPO-damaged sludge that amounted to roughly a fourth of his blood volume. Back in the U.S., doctors would tell him he was lucky to be alive.
When Whistle staffers finally picked Papp up after his weeklong layup, they put him on a plane for the States. Five months after signing, the deal with Whistle was off.
"When they drove me to the airport, they didn't treat me like I was radioactive," says Papp, "but they weren't sorry to see me go."
PAPP DIDN'T EXACTLY COME HOME a changed man. Immediately after returning in August 2006, he thought about fighting his positive result from the Tour of Turkey. He hired a lawyer and, incredibly, had visions of racing in Europe again. "In my twisted worldview, if I could've beat the charges, I would've tried to get back onto Whistle," he says.
But Papp soon realized that the amount he could spend on his defense he would be prosecuted by USADA could never approach the estimated $2 million defense being mounted at that time by Landis.
In early 2007, a wavering Papp met with Travis Tygart, who heads up the Colorado Springs based USADA. Tygart made soothing noises, telling Papp that coming clean promised him relief and redemption.
"Travis was lamenting the situation that I'd gotten myself into," says Papp. "He played good cop."
Ultimately, USADA asked Papp if he would testify at the Landis hearing. USADA hoped that Papp's admission, which would include testimony on the benefits he enjoyed while competing on performance-enhancing drugs, would undermine the Landis camp's defense, which included the argument that testosterone would be of little use in a multi-stage bike race.
Papp bit. He didn't care whether Landis was innocent or guilty. To Papp, Landis was peripheral: He thought the trial would provide an international platform for him to explain his own doping story. He saw something heroic in exposing the world to the horrors of European cycling's institutionalized practices, and he proved to be a bold and effective witness, describing with clarity how testosterone boosts recovery.
"I was excited because I no longer had to protect a system that in the end treated me no better than Michael Vick treated his dogs," Papp later told me.
Prior to the hearing, after conversations with USADA, Papp agreed to speak with lawyers at the U.S. Attorney's office in San Diego. He proceeded to out two crooked doctors, from California and Pennsylvania, who had previously prescribed him doping regimens.
Then, on May 18, Papp took the stand in a courtroom setting at Pepperdine University, in Malibu. USADA attorney Matthew Barnett made Papp recite all the performance-enhancing benefits that he'd experienced while using testosterone. He also asked Papp if he could've stayed on the Whistle team while refusing to take drugs. "No, absolutely not," said Papp. "It was very clear."
But defense attorney Maurice Suh, who got last licks, worked to discredit him. He portrayed Papp as a second-rate rider who would happily raid any medicine cabinet and couldn't possibly assess the performance benefits of a single drug like testosterone.Suh also tried to depict Papp as a drug trafficker. Papp explained that he'd gotten doctors around the world to prescribe his performance-enhancing drugs, and that it was legal to travel with prescription drugs.
"And then you brought it back to the United States?" asked Suh.
"That's correct," said Papp.
"And then did you sell them to other people?" asked Suh.
"Objection!" shouted Barnett.
Suh moved on, but he had landed a few punches. While it took four months for Landis to learn that he'd lost his case, largely due to scientific evidence, Papp's defeat was immediate.
The hate mail from cycling fans cascaded into his inbox. Feeling betrayed by a fellow pro, Landis asked aloud, "Who the fuck is that guy?" Biking bible VeloNews snorted that Papp had "earned his 15 minutes of fame," and the estimate was just about right. After Papp notched a couple of peripheral quotes in national newspapers and made a few comments on National Public Radio, the phone stopped ringing. Nobody called him a hero. Nobody took legal action against Whistle. Even Papp's mom, who was in the dark about her son's drug taking until the trial, looked past his unflinching admission and straight at his doping days.
"I was very sorry that he decided to go that route," says Marie, who acknowledges that she and her son continue to clash. "I must say, Joe makes his own choices."
CAN THE TRUTH STILL WORK in Papp's favor? Can his story motivate cycling's other dopers to step forward, knowing that they're doing the right thing for the sport and for themselves? Based on my last morning with Papp, and events that occurred in the wake of my visit, the answer is an obvious no.
Before I left Pennsylvania, Papp and I sat down at a desk in his mother's house. Papp turned on his laptop and played two short homemade videos.
"Look closely," he said. In one video there were men in a small room, speaking Italian and holding boxes of syringes, along with the glass ampoules that are used to store performance-enhancing drugs. In the second, a cyclist relaxed on his bed you could see his muscular, shaved legs. He was using a syringe to inject something into his arm.
"You can say something isn't happening," Papp said, "but when it's in front of you in video and audio, how can you deny it?"Papp explained that he had secretly filmed his doping teammates back in May 2006 and, in the event he got fired, hoped to sell the incriminating footage to a media outlet. So far, no one had offered a deal. "I want to use the videos to help fund the escapes of Yuliet and my son from Cuba," he said. "There's no betrayal of trust in an inherently corrupt system. No honor among thieves."As it turns out, Papp wasn't the only party with unfinished business. Less than two weeks after our interview, the U.S. Attorney's office in Pittsburgh confirmed that Marie Papp had been served with a sealed search warrant at her home. Two days after that action, Papp sent me the e-mail with its haunting picture of guns. The image was accompanied by a strange caption. "My life would be more easily understood if I trended towards one side or the other," it said. "As it is I am in a mash of worlds."
After the search, Papp wouldn't discuss the events much. I did get an e-mail from him at one point, saying, "I'm still alive."
But people who have gotten close to government snitches and doping cyclists say the storyline is obvious. Federal agents, having heard Papp's earlier confessions, are likely to continue pressuring him for more information. If, as Landis's attorney suggested, Papp had a more complicated level of involvement in his sport's dark side, that's up to law enforcement officials to sort out.
So far, however, Papp hasn't been charged with anything. He takes occasional spins on an old racing bike, searches for another mundane nine-to-five, and, thanks to his decision to come clean about doping, looks over his shoulder. Because who knows when Joe Papp's cheating days will rise up to haunt him again?


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Modern Engineering: Availability, Capacity, and Volume
A comprehensive review of modern engineering, covering the challenges of volume, capacity, and availability, should include engineering work done for 'The River' and 'The Cloud'. Whether the topic is Mississippi River flood control or cloud computing, there have been important engineering accomplishments and spectacular failures. The Mississippi and the Internet remind us that capacity and volume can define success for a flood-control system or a transaction-processing system.
During the timesharing era, the solution for limiting workloads was a busy signal and the inability to login. That's not acceptable when high availability is a requirement, such as when substantial revenue is lost due to a database or website falling over.
'The Cloud' and 'The River'
Clusters and cloud computing gained traction by ensuring the continuous availability of applications and databases. This became important after some highly publicized system outages, such as those that cost Merrill Lynch and eBay million of dollars. The online transaction processing (OLTP) system at Merrill Lynch could not keep up with a day of heavy trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Being unable to scale resulted in the firm paying millions in fines. The failure at eBay was prolonged database server outages that cost the website millions in lost revenue. The server problem was eventually traced to human error. The data center staff had failed to apply updates to the Solaris operating system of the database servers.
Today's flood control systems are a successor to efforts to control the Mississippi River that date back to building the first levee at New Orleans in 1718. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has played a role in building levees since the 19th century. The levee system along the Mississippi River is longer than the Great Wall of China, spanning from Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico.
Whether we're talking about high-volume web commerce or Mississippi River commerce, the economics of availability can be measured in millions. In addition to lost revenue, when eBay's database server fell over, the price of eBay shares fell. The inability to utilize the Mississippi River for shipping costs the U.S. economy $275 million per day.
Clearly, there's a financial incentive to put in the engineering work to ensure capacity and provide availability, even in times of an extraordinarily high volume — of water or transactions.
What Do We Mean By High Volumes?
In an average year, the flow of the Mississippi River at New Orleans is 600,000 cubic feet (17 million liters) per second. Recently the flow was measured at 2.3 million ft3 per second at the Old River Control Structure in Louisiana. Spillways have been opened at three locations along the Mississippi, with the goal of limiting the river's flow between Baton Rouge and New Orleans to 1.5 million ft3 per second. The flood control plan for that segment of the river assumes that, even at 250% of the average flow of the river, the levees will hold.
In the context of processing data and transactions, today's computer systems are also seeing record volumes. Researchers at Yahoo used Hadoop on 3800 nodes to sort a petabyte of data in 16.25 hours. The 27 instances at Salesforce.com routinely process a daily aggregate (on weekdays) of more than 400 million transactions against SQL databases. The Teradata data warehouse at eBay has grown to exceed a whopping 10 petabytes of data. Organizations such as Wal-Mart, Dell, and Bank of America also have data warehouses with data volumes that exceed the petabyte mark.
Amazon.com and eBay are well-known examples of large-scale OLTP, but there are other high-volume websites. Social networking sites, such as Facebook.com and Twitter, have a user population measured in hundreds of millions.
Today it's often unacceptable to have systems, networks, or websites that are not available on a 24x7 basis, with 99.95% or better uptime guaranteed with service-level agreements. That calls for web-scale database architecture with scalability and sufficient capacity to ensure a site does not fall over during times of heavy volume. In addition, research has shown that web users will turn away quickly from websites that are slow and unresponsive.
Availability and responsiveness require web-scale thinking to develop solutions for application workloads, query processing and database-related work, such as data replication. The system architects of high-volume sites, such as eBay, Amazon.com, and Facebook, were pioneers of web-scale thinking. They crossed a new threshold of user activity and data volume that required creative solutions for high-availability and scalability. They looked to architecture, not just application-oriented performance tuning, to reduce query execution time.
Next week: Sharding, Replication, Caches, and In-Memory Databases


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Faces of Public Health: Danielle Varda
Apr 27, 2011, 6:22 PM, Posted by DanielleVarda, NewPublicHealth
Faces of Public Health is a recurring editorial series on NewPublicHealth featuring individuals working on the front lines of public health and helping keep people healthy and safe. Today's profile features Danielle Varda, Assistant Professor at the School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver.
Danielle Varda has developed a unique — and potent — public health tool: a software program called PARTNER (Program to Analyze, Record and Track Networks to Enhance Relationships), which demonstrates the progress and benefits of collaboration to funders and others involved in public health services and systems (PHSSR) projects.
"Existing tools were insufficient to measure the effectiveness of collaboration," says Varda, an Assistant Professor at the School of Public Affairs at the University of Colorado Denver and a guest lecturer at the Colorado School of Public Health in the Department of Health Systems, Management & Policy.
Varda says that stakeholders and funders want public health departments to collaborate with partners such as departments of education and the business community.
"So much of what is happening in public health is happening in a systems framework, so it's important that everything is interconnected," says Varda.
Working across boundaries by collaborating in social, political and economic domains brings tremendous value to health departments.
"Traditionally the goal in hiring people in health departments was to find staff with lots of knowledge," says Varda. "Now an additional key goal is to also hire people who know how to find knowledge, because what you need to know will often be beyond your own specific discipline. It's a key core competency to be able to find resources and to leverage those resources. That brings a new layer of what's possible in public health."
The software program, which the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment recently used for a social network analysis for a coalition of public health teams, works on the assumption that partnerships and collaborations leads to improved outcomes.
At the 2011 Keeneland PHSSR Conference, held recently in Lexington, Ky., Varda presented PARTNER-derived data on twelve communities. The study looked at factors that contribute to successful collaboration — paying specific attention to how trust and the value that a partner might bring to a collaboration affects outcome.
"We showed that health departments are quite trusting of their partners — such as education and police departments — and that may be because public health is accepting of this shift, of needing partners," Varda says.
As budget cuts continue at health departments across the country, Varda expects collaboration to be even more important — and for the PARTNER software to be a critical tool.
Editor's Note: Danielle Varda has received a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for work on the PARTNER software program.
This commentary originally appeared on the RWJF New Public Health blog.


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Your analysis of your local problem should give you a better understanding of the factors contributing to it. Once you have analyzed your local problem and established a baseline for measuring effectiveness, you should consider possible responses to address the problem. As noted at the beginning of this guide, some of the risk factors relating to identity theft may lie beyond the immediate influence of local police, or they may appear to lie beyond the usual scope of local police responsibility. These include
However, studies of successful interventions to reduce or prevent check and credit card fraud have shown that there are things local police can do to impact some of the above factors. It requires the development of various partnerships with local and state government agencies and with businesses.†
† See the POP Guide on Check and Card Fraud.
The following response strategies provide a foundation of ideas for addressing your particular problem. These strategies are drawn from a variety of research studies and police reports. Several of these strategies may apply to your community's problem. It is critical that you tailor responses to local circumstances, and that you can justify each response based on reliable analysis. In most cases, an effective strategy will involve implementing several different responses. Law enforcement responses alone are seldom effective in reducing or solving the problem. Do not limit yourself to considering what police can do: give careful consideration to who else in your community shares responsibility for the problem and can help police better respond to it. In the case of identity theft, there are clear implications for businesses, other government agencies, and consumer advocacy groups.
As we have seen, identity theft is a complex crime, composed of many sub-crimes and related to many other problems. Thus,identity theft crimes fall under the authority of many different agencies, including the local police, Secret Service, Postal Inspection Service, FBI, Homeland Security, local government offices, and motor vehicle departments, to name just a few.Regional and state law enforcement agencies may have established multi-agency task forces to combat identity fraud. For example, the Financial Crimes Task Force of Southwestern Pennsylvania consists of local law enforcement, Secret Service agents, and postal inspectors. At a minimum, multi-agency task forces should include motor vehicle departments and local and state government agencies that keep public records. These multi-agency task forces fulfill an important need because, at present, the Secret Service, which has primary responsibility for investigating identity theft, does not accept cases unless there is a financial loss of over $200,000 and a multi-state fraud ring is involved. This leaves many victims in the lurch.
Thus, it will be important for you to work with local agencies to coordinate responses, so that you can participate more fully in designing and implementing preventive strategies. In addition, if local police have the first official contact with the victim, they can be an important investigative resource. FTC data indicate that the victim often knows who the offender is, or has significant amounts of information about the offender. In 2003, 62 percent of the complaints in the FTC identity theft database contained information about the offender.
However, because of the complexity—and expense—of developing multi-agency task forces, your initial efforts should focus on local factors that will help reduce or prevent identity theft and mitigate the harm done to victims. Thus, the responses listed below are divided into two sections:
It should be emphasized that these two stages are closely related, and that collecting information in one stage helps in addressing the other. For example, obtaining information in the victim assistance stage will help you develop prevention strategies.†
† The costs to the victim—in terms of both out-of-pocket expense and time spent resolving problems—are substantially smaller if the misuse is discovered quickly. No out-of-pocket expenses were incurred by 67 percent of those who discovered misuse of their personal information within five months (Federal Trade Commission 2003b). [Full Text]
Finally, since identity theft occurs in conjunction with a variety of other crimes, and given the limited resources that may be available to you, it may not be feasible to address all such crimes at once. It may be more effective to be on the lookout for rashes of specific types of identity theft, such as credit card fraud or immigration fraud (if your jurisdiction is near an entry point). Focusing on a specific crime will make it easier to collect relevant information and to measure response effectiveness.
Communicating with victims is important, as well.The most frequent complaint the Identity Theft Resource Center receives is that "the police just don't care." It is important to let victims know that the police do care and do understand. Remember that identity theft victims have been repeatedly victimized. Identity theft is an emotionally harmful crime. Furthermore, you should be aware that victims typically uncover more evidence in a case than do investigators, and more rapidly. Thus you should quickly develop a close working relationship with the victim. The steps you can take to do so are as follows:31
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Shipping and Returns: Shipping Orders typically ship within 2-4 business days. Custom orders will ship within 2-3 weeks, depending on the size of the order. Forest Life Company is not responsible for any international customs fees. Return Policy: No return policy. Item can be exchanged or returned for store credit only if it is defective. If you need to exchange/return a piece for in store credit you must contact Forest Life Company within 10 days of receiving your item. You must ship items back within 30 days. Please keep in mind that each product is handcrafted from the very beginning stages, even the molds that they are made from. There may be slight imperfections in each piece due to the handmade process.
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Comfortable Shoes
Comfortable shoes are the number one most important thing for walking a convention floor. Not only will you probably be walking from the shuttle stop/your hotel to the convention center, but you're going to be spending HOURS on your feet on oftentimes horribly uncomfortable concrete floors. As I am a serial "giant stompy heels" wearer, I sometimes don't take my own advice - and regret it terribly as I lose all feeling in my pinky toe for two weeks straight (yay nerve damage!). I usually save my heels wearing for the after parties or dinners, and stick to trendy yet comfortable shoes for the convention floor. I've found things with big soles really help absorb the pain of being on your feet for 8+ hours.
Airy, Moveable Dresses
My go to Convention uniform is usually a dress, comfortable shoes, and a cardigan or light jacket (not anything too heavy, so I can carry it in my bag if I get overheated). I'm not a pants wearer, but I also at times enjoy just a simple long tanktop with some geeky leggings. I like airy, comfortable clothes for geeking out all day in. Above are some of my favorite dress picks!
A Big Huge Bag
A big huge bag that is comfortable to wear is absolutely CRUCIAL (further down I'll add a bonus checklist of the Convention bag essentials!). Not only do you need your "essentials", you also need something to throw all of the stuff you buy into. I prefer to just have one big bag that does all the work rather than carrying around a bunch from the Vendors (though We Love Fine DOES have the cutest bags ever). I like a big huge side sling purse as it's easily accessible, but a backpack with big straps is also a viable option.
These are THE ESSENTIALS - make sure to always have these with you at a convention! Convention Center food is always ridiculously overpriced ($10 Nachos?! NO THANKS!) so I always carry snacks and water with me. Painkillers, deodorant, travel perfume, lipstick, and concealer also never leave my bag... and of course a camera, sharpies (for getting/giving autographs), and BUSINESS CARDS (cons are the best place to Network EVER!).
What about you guys? What are your convention essentials?


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More changes are happening over at NBC's Up All Night.
Linda Wallem has been hired as the comedy series' new showrunner as it revamps itself heading into the spring, according to The Hollywood Reporter. She'll replace Tucker Cawley, who is leaving to become a consulting producer on Fox's The Mindy Project. Wallem is a co-creator of Showtime's Nurse Jackie and also does consulting work for NBC's Whitney.
Fall TV Scorecard: What's renewed? What's canceled?
The news is just the latest in a series of shakeup for the show, which is switching from a single-camera to a multi-camera format in the spring after an extended winter hiatus.
Up All Night 2.0: Love it or leave it?
Are you looking forward to the Up All Night changes?


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Vredestein's purpose is to give you the freedom you seek. At Vredestein, we develop and produce tires which enhance the performance of every vehicle.
A Vredestein tire is designed to perform optimally and maximize users' freedom at all times. We strive to offer all drivers the safest and best possible driving experience.