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"We managed to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by over 10 percent in only two years and to reduce the energy cost by more than 700,000 Euros per year. This result was only achievable by actively involving all employees in our energy management system."
Hellmut Böttner, Energy Management Representative, FUJITSU
Since 1987 computer and storage systems have been developed andproduced in Augsburg for worldwide commercialization. As the last and only location in Europe we produce up to 13,000 systems per day with 1,500 – 2,000 employees depending on the incoming orders. The Augsburg facility has its own development, production, procurement, logistics, sales and services and data centers for our customers, for tests and for production.
Steadily increasing energy costs for electricity and gas: In 10 years fourfold increase of costs despite high efforts like usage of heat recovery, night setback, calorific value boiler at the heating, usage of ground water and free cooling for air conditioning and the data centers.
Introduction of an energy management system with detailed analyses including all employees by quality management and idea management and the workers council.
Download the full Fujitsu Energie Management Augsburg case study (164 KB/A4, 2 pages)
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Christal Bensch
ABOUT Are you new to Oklahoma Youth Hunter Education Challenge (YHEC)? Visit ABOUT to learn more and read the Frequently Asked Questions section.
CONTACT US Still have questions? Please feel free to contact Christal Bensch, NRA/OKYHEC State Coordinator, by completing the online contact form at CONTACT or call Christal at 580-278-1660.
Turn off the TV . . . get off the couch and get outdoors!
Recognized as the most comprehensive youth hunting program anywhere in North America, the Youth Hunter Education Challenge (YHEC) is NRA's "graduate studies" program in outdoor skills and safety training for young hunters. Open only to those who have completed hunter-safety training at the state or provincial level, the program is conducted under simulated hunting conditions to provide the best practical environment for reinforcing and testing a young hunter's skills. LEARN MORE...
Do you know someone who may be interested in YHEC? Visit our eVITE page to send an invitation to friends and family!
Registration Form
Download 2019-20 Registration Form
Hunter education covers a variety of topics
including firearms safety, wildlife identification, wildlife
conservation and management, survival, archery, muzzleloading and
hunter responsibility. It is available as a standard eight-hour
course, the internet home study course and the workbook home study
Visit the Oklahoma Wildlife Department Hunter Education Website for more detailed information.
Keep up with NRA.Oklahoma YHEC and sign up for our free eNewsletter!
Copyright ©2020 NRA Oklahoma Youth Hunter Education Challenge (YHEC).

subset: commoncrawl


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The Holy Father's message for January 1, 2011 was "Religious Freedom, the Path to Peace." Find information and resources in support of World Day of Peace on our previous website."Religious Freedom, the Path to Peace""Religious Freedom, the Path to Peace""Religious Freedom, the Path to Peace"
By accepting this message, you will be leaving the website of the
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solely for the user's convenience. By providing this link, the United
States Conference of Catholic Bishops assumes no responsibility for,
nor does it necessarily endorse, the website, its content, or
sponsoring organizations.


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My nine-year-old tween daughter recently declared that she had nothing to wear. Since I'm usually behind in the laundry department, I figured she might be right. Upon inspection of her closet, however, I found several outfits hanging up, washed and ready to be worn.
"They're Gymboree," she told me with the same disgusted, I'm-too-old-for-that tone she might have used if I handed her a Dora coloring book to occupy herself. So Gymboree is apparently out, and Justice in is. It's not going to be long before she's going to be shopping for more grown-up undergarments either -- and into the debate about Victoria's Secret for tweens we go.
Victoria's Secret's Pink line markets itself to the collegiate market, but seems to be joining a growing group of other chains in marketing to younger and younger girls -- even middle schoolers. Hot Topic is testing a lingerie line called Blackheart, Urban Outfitters claims that "intimates could eventually make up 10 percent of sales," and Justice, the store marketed specifically to the 7 to 12 set, is selling tie-dye bras and flowered panties.
All of a sudden, I understand who fits into those XS bikini briefs that taunt me from the table at Victoria's Secret. I knew no one past puberty could fit into those! Anyway, as the mom of a girl that is soon going to decide she doesn't want cartoon characters on her underwear, and will be wearing a bra sooner rather than later, I'm going to have to figure out where we're going to purchase them.
It'll probably be Victoria's Secret -- and I have no problem with that. I even like that fact that they are marketing toward a younger audience. What's wrong with having fun, bright-colored underwear? Girls change all the time in front of each other -- for sports or recreational activities that require it, at slumber parties or camp, for the school play … no one wants to be the girl with the ugly underwear.
Besides, they offer a high-quality product, knowledgeable salespeople, and cushy changing rooms with lighting that won't make my girl even more freaked out about her changing body. And there's something grown-up and special about shopping where the Big Girls shop, almost like being inducted into the Sisterhood, as cheesy as it sounds.
That being said, if I ever see a lacy red bra or g-string marketed for my kid, you can bet I'll have something to say about it -- and it won't be pretty.
Do you think it's appropriate for teens and tweens to shop at Victoria's Secret?


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LAKE SUCCESS, New York -- April 29, 2009 -- Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (NYSE: BR) announced today that its Board of Directors has declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share. The dividend is payable on July 1, 2009, to stockholders of record at the close of business on June 15, 2009.
Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc., with over $2.2 billion in revenues in fiscal year 2008 and more than 40 years of experience, is a leading global provider of technology-based outsourcing solutions to the financial services industry. Our systems and services include investor communication, securities processing, and clearing and outsourcing solutions. We offer advanced, integrated systems and services that are dependable, scalable and cost-efficient. Our systems help reduce the need for clients to make significant capital investments in operations infrastructure, thereby allowing them to increase their focus on core business activities. For more information about Broadridge, please visit www.broadridge.com.
To contact media relations, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - National Treasure Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in National Treasure Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Film and Cinema View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message Claire1234Joined: 02 Jan 2005Posts: 1 Posted: Sun Jan 02, 2005 9:32 pm Post subject: National Treasure National Treasure is a good movie. If you see it, you will like it. Back to top Gina wahahaJoined: 02 Jan 2005Posts: 1 Posted: Sun Jan 02, 2005 10:08 pm Post subject: National treasure Hi~hi ~ My name is Gina... I am from Taiwan. I have seen this movie last month. This is a very good movie I think this film is the best movie in 2004. It's content is full of suprise, humorous,and excited. It's really worth to see it. If you didn't see it , you are missing a good movie. So just go to see it .. ha ha Back to top MarinkaJoined: 06 Dec 2004Posts: 5Location: Ukraine Posted: Sat Jan 08, 2005 3:40 am Post subject: Hi Claire! The film under discussion is fabulous! I liked Cage's acting very much. it seems to me that the best words to describe this movie are those said by the character of Mila Yovovich in "The Fifth Element": "...Big Ba-Ra-Bum!..." Marinka Back to top mkg1211Joined: 09 Sep 2004Posts: 262Location: Cairo,Egypt Posted: Thu Feb 03, 2005 5:50 pm Post subject: i saw it too i think it is a very interesting hit of course the special effects and Cage's performance were brilliant Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Film and Cinema All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


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Red Hat has drawn somewhere approaching 3000 developers to its Boston-based developer summit this year with promises of insight into both the JBoss middleware platform and the wider Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) development environment. As befits this kind of annual shindig, the company made mention of its newly expanded Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Program, which is sporting enhancements to its developer suite.
The freshly greased up and polished suite of tools boasts of "synchronized dual availability" on Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat OpenShift, thus allowing developers to deploy applications freely to either environment.
Red Hat's platform business unit VP Jim Totton argues that a "stable development toolset" is the key to taking advantage of new Linux advancements for Linux programmers. "The Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Program makes it easy for developers to access industry-leading developer tools, instructional resources, and an ecosystem of experts to help Linux programmers maximize productivity in building great Red Hat Enterprise Linux applications."
Red Hat is very fond of interoperability, interconnectivity, and the need to integrate data and its supporting applications at all levels. No surprise then that it is positioning this toolset as suitable for "many types of Linux developers" including:
- Independent Software Vendors (ISVs)
- Software solution providers
- Systems Integrators (SIs)
- Enterprise developers
- Governmental software developers
As expected, the latest tooling can be used to develop applications on Red Hat Enterprise Linux on-premise or off-premise in physical, virtual, and cloud deployments, and on OpenShift, the leading open Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS).
"The velocity of development is as high today as it has ever been, which means that developers are putting a premium on a toolchain that is current from libraries to compiler," said Stephen O'Grady, principal analyst with RedMonk. "With its expanded Red Hat Enterprise Linux Developer Program and toolset, Red Hat aims to provide developers with just that."
The new developer suite now includes Red Hat Enterprise Linux, variants, and related Add-On software for development use including Red Hat Enterprise Linux, High-Availability Add-On, Load Balancer Add-On, Resilient Storage Add-On, Scalable File System Add-On, High-Performance Network Add-On, Extended Update Support, and MRG Real Time and Smart Management Add-on.
Using this developer toolset, software developers can now develop Linux applications using C and C++ upstream tools. These tools include the latest GNU Compiler Collection (GCC 4.7) with support for C and C++; the latest version of the GNU Project Debugger (GDB 7.4); and the GNU binutils collection of binary developer tools, version 2.22, for the creation and management of Linux applications.


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doily shower curtain
January 25, 2012
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Girls' Party Shoes
Take a look at our gorgeous range of girls' party shoes and choose your little princess some glamorous footwear that's going to make her feel that extra bit special!
From pretty bows, dazzling jewels, and straps that glitter, we guarantee that our girls' party shoes range offer stylish footwear at affordable prices with uncompromising comfort. Whether it's a birthday party, wedding, family get-together or just an excuse to play dress-up — we've got girls' party shoes, sandals, and ballerina pumps to match every occasion.


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- Description
- Gallery
Please, note that colour combinations are available, please leave a message what colour would you like by pointing out the SKU number. Thank you!
Watch a detailed video of this product (or similar colour) at our YouTube channel:
The idea, which lies behind this beautiful, abstracts urn, entitled The Passage, is focused on the bond between this and the outer world. The soft light from the flame of the candle is heavenly reflected on the graceful lines of the urn, which naturally emphasises its beauty.
Find more about Pulvis Art Urns:
Global Website: https://www.pulvisurns.com
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PulvisArtUrns/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/pulvisarturns/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/pulvisarturns/
Google+: https://plus.google.com/103175110911225620829
Blog: https://www.pulvisurns.com/blogs/news
YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/2kOOYSr
Large urn
Suitable for outside and home
Volume: 3.2 litres (195 cu in)
Material: Ceramic
Empty urn weight: 1.950 kg (4.29 lbs)
Size: 29.5x22x14.5 (HxWxL in cm)/11.6x8.6x5.7 (HxWxL in inches)
Keepsake urn
Suitable for outside and home
Volume: 0.45 Litres (26 cu in)
Material: Ceramic
Empty urn weight: 0.700 kg (1.54 lbs)
Size: 11x17x8.5 (HxWxL in cm)/4.3x6.6x3.3 (HxWxL in inches)
Please note, that we recommend sealing our large urns with adhesive (glue) suitable for ceramic surfaces. This is done in order to prevent spilling of the ashes. Ceramic lids are without threads and DO NOT close tightly, which may lead to ashes spill if not sealed.
We recommend Loctite HY 4070 adhesive, which has been tested on our products. You can purchase one from our store.
Our keepsakes do not need sealing as the lid fits very tightly to the urn. However, if you decide to seal the keepsake, you may follow the instructions.
How to seal the urn:
Apply glue evenly to the lid and tool within 8 minutes using a moistened sealant smoother, or finger. The glue may take longer (up to two days) to full tighten. Note that once sealed it will be hard to open the lid again, without damaging the urn. Please use with caution, keep away from kids and follow the instructions on the adhesive package
SHIPPING (free)
To Europe: Standard Shipping by DPD group - 3 to 6 business days.
To USA: Shipping to USA is performed by UPS and it takes 2-4 business days.
Worldwide (excl. Europe & USA): Shipping is performed by UPS and the delivery time depends on your location, but not more than 10 business days.
HANDLING TIME: 1-2 Business Days


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Students Collect Prom Dresses for Teens in Need
Some are long, some are short. Some are chiffon; some velvet. Puffy skirts, long skirts, short skirts; polka dots, sparkles, florals and even leopard print – there are some of each.
At last count, the Augustana Women's Association (AWA) has collected 56 dresses for the Cheyenne River Youth Project's "Passion for Fashion" event, an annual event in Eagle Butte, S.D., that provides teenage girls in need with prom essentials such as dresses, shoes and make-up. At the same time, the event promotes female friendships, the importance of positive self-esteem and appreciation for body image.
Led by sophomore co-chairs Mallory Schulte (Yankton, S.D.), Sara Kohles (Crofton, Neb.) and Rachel Saum (Luverne, Minn.), AWA has been collecting dresses since February. Schulte, Kohles and Saum, along with AWA Advisor Dr. Darcie Rives East, assistant professor of English, and Karla Abbott, instructor of Nursing, will deliver the dresses to Eagle Butte's Cokata Wiconi Teen Center on Friday, March 9.
By Saturday morning, the Teen Center will be transformed to feature a "Parisian cafe" and boutiques and shops found in downtown London, including locations for manicures, pedicures, facials, make-overs and hair-styling.
Officials from the Cheyenne River Youth Project (CRYP) are expecting a record number of girls to attend Saturday's "Passion for Fashion" event, designed after the fashion industry's "Fashion Week." According to the CRYP, the event served 44 teen girls in 2009; 57 in 2010 and more than 80 last year.
Schulte, a government major, says the chance to see the dresses go to teen girls in need firsthand will be inspiring.
Kohles agrees.
"It's so exciting to know we're helping people right here in South Dakota. Obviously there are needs all over the world but, it's also important to look in our own back yard to see how we can help."
Rives East says the project illustrates the necessity for women to help other women across racial, class, and sexual lines.
"This work helps the Augie community build bridges of communication and assistance to other communities and cultures here in South Dakota. The goal here is to educate and involve Augie students in helping create a more just and equitable South Dakota," she said.
As an enrolled member of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Abbott says she's excited to be part of the event that gives back to teens who may not otherwise experience the excitement of prom.
"I am happy to be the link to such a wonderful project that will be so appreciated by the Cheyenne River Youth Project! Even without the Passion for Fashion program, girls on my reservation drive sometimes 300 miles to buy a prom dress. Now they do not have to leave their reservation to find something to wear to an event so very important to them," Abbott said.
The AWA will collect dresses through Friday, March 9. According to the CRYP website, the organization is still in need of gently used dresses in sizes 16 to 26 and shoes, sizes 9 to 12. Donations can be dropped off at the Common's Desk.
Pictured Above: Rachel Saum, Sara Kohles and Mallory Schulte.


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Top flight deals to Turin (TRN)*
Kuala Lumpur(KUL)toTurin(TRN)
Fly to Turin with KLM
As KLM Royal Dutch Airlines we offer convenientflights to Turin, serving Torino Caselle Airport (TRN) from all over the world together with our partner network. We are proud of our status as one of the world's most punctual airlines and our on-time record is among the world's best. So book your tickets to Turin with us today and get the most out of your trip with KLM!
Top Turin attractions
- Egyptian Museum of Turin: a fascinating collection of ancient Egyptian artistic and cultural treasures, including sphinxes, mummies and ancient papyrus.
- Palace of Venaria: a huge palace estate built in a wonderful Baroque style with beautiful gardens to explore.
- Piazza San Carlo: Turin's main city square and a hotspot for activities including concerts, events and live TV.
- Parco del Valentino: when you need a break from the busy squares, head to this quaint recreation of a mediaeval village.
- Galleria Sabauda: art lovers will drool over this collection of Renaissance pieces.
What better way to prepare for your flight to Turin than with a read through our comprehensive travel guide? We give you the ins and outs on where to go, what to do, and much more.
What's the best way to get around Turin?
Turin boasts a comprehensive network of buses and trams, plus a metro system and a cable car. Taxis are always an option, but seeing the sights by tram is a special experience. Your best bet is to purchase a one-day pass for unlimited travel, as standard tickets only cover a set amount of time (usually 90 minutes).
What's the weather like in Turin?
Temperatures in Turin remain warm and humid in the summer, with an average of 25°C (77°F). If you visit at this time of year, be sure to pack plenty of sun cream and appropriate clothing. Temperatures drop significantly in the winter, as the cold season brings downpours of rain.
Weather in Turin
Powered by: OpenWeatherMap.org
31 °CFriday14/08/2020
32 °CSaturday15/08/2020
31 °CSunday16/08/2020
29 °CMonday17/08/2020
26 °CTuesday18/08/2020
28 °CWednesday19/08/2020
30 °CThursday20/08/2020
*All amounts are in MYR. Taxes and carrier surcharges included. No booking fee applicable (credit card surcharge may apply).


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Program supports government/landowner projects to enhance habitat;
Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks will have $667,000 available for landowners
WASHINGTON, DC -- The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has announced nearly $19 million in competitive funding for fish and wildlife agencies in 37 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands under the Bush Administration's Landowner Incentive Program (LIP). The program supports cooperation between private landowners and state agencies to conserve natural habitat for species at risk, including federally-listed endangered or threatened species and proposed or candidate species.
LIP, funded through competitive grants with money from the Land and Water Conservation Fund, establishes or supplements existing landowner incentive programs that provide technical or financial assistance to private landowners. Recipients must provide at least 25 percent of the cost from a non-federal source.
Under the program, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks (KDWP) will receive $500,000 and match $167,000 to provide private landowners with financial and technical support to implement projects in the Shortgrass Prairie Conservation Region and the Central Mixed Grass Prairie Conservation Region identified in the agency's Wildlife Action Plan. At-risk species to benefit from habitat enhancement and restoration work include lesser prairie chicken, black-tailed prairie dog, ferruginous hawk, northern pintail, American avocet, black tern, Cassin's sparrow, whooping crane, green toad, flathead chub, Arkansas darter, and Topeka shiner.
Landowners interested in participating in LIP should contact KDWP LIP coordinator Murray Laubhan at 620-672-5911. For more information about the grant programs, go online to federalaid.fws.gov/lip/lip.html. The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance reference number is 15.633.


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Retweets and Twitter Bots
There is recently a lot of discussion going on concerning the authority of Twitter users : Michael Arrington, Robert Scoble, Loic Le Meur. Some bloggers propose that the number of followers is a good measure of the authority of a Twitter user. Others argue that other elements should be taken into account, e.g. the number of retweets. A retweet is when a Twitter user copies a twitter message from another Twitter user in their network and shares it with their network, hereby mentioning the author of the original Twitter message.
As Loic Le Meur stated that there were over 7,000 tweets for the Le Web 3 conference that was held in the beginning of December 2008, I checked the number of search results produced by Twitter Search (previously Summize). I came accross a remarkable sequence of tweets. Have a look yourself, e.g. by trying this search.
One tweet (by dotdean) is retweeted by several Twitter bots, resulting in 10 additional tweets. You can find the sequence of all these tweets in the graphic below.
Furthermore 10 additional URL shortcuts were created : http://tr.im/2ool, http://tinyurl.com/98cx3x, http://is.gd/dOdC, http://is.gd/dOdF, http://bit.ly/14i9j, http://tinyurl.com/76dvzl, http://bit.ly/h4p9, http://bit.ly/JebP, http://tinyurl.com/9jjwvz, http://is.gd/dOtd and http://is.gd/dOte.
With this example in mind, I think there are some problems by taking the number of retweets into account for the authority of a Twitter user.


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Dining with Dara: Bourbon isn't just for Kentucky anymore
If you're a horse-racing fan, an admirer of very large hats, or a cocktail enthusiast this weekend needs no introduction — that's right, it's time for the Kentucky Derby.
Of course, the signature drink of the Derby is the mint julep, made with bourbon and fresh mint, a southern tradition. But our regular food and dining correspondent, Dara Moskowitz Grumdahl, senior editor of Minneapolis St. Paul Magazine, is here to tell us that bourbon may not be known as a Southern drink forever, as northern micro-distilleries get into the act.
Tom Crann: First, let's define some terms. What is a micro-distillery?
Dara Moskowitz Grumdahl: A lot of us have gotten used to the term micro-brewery — it's a small brewer of beer. A big brewer is something like Miller, or Heineken; a micro-brewer is something like Steel Toe or Fulton. A micro-distillery is a small distiller of whisky, vodka, gin, rye — the hard stuff. 45th Parallel is the first micro-distillery in our region. They were founded in 2007 and right now they're gearing up to release an all Wisconsin-made bourbon.
Tom Crann: Just to make sure we're all on the same page, what precisely is bourbon?
DMG: That's a good question! This is regulated, legal stuff. According to the Alcohol Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Bourbon is whisky made from at least 51 percent corn, which is aged in charred new oak barrels for no fewer than two years.
Tom Crann: And that's the whole definition? I thought there would be something about Bourbon County, Ky., in there.
DMG: That's what most people think! But, no. All you need is field corn, a still, and some new, charred oak barrels made, ideally, from Minnesota or Wisconsin white oak.
Tom Crann: If all you need is corn and oak, that does sound like something which could be done in Minnesota.
DMG: Or right across the river, in New Richmond, Wis. It turns out that it costs $30,000 dollars a year to have a distillery in Minnesota, and only a $1,000 dollars a year to have one in Wisconsin.
The folks behind 45th Parallel, Scott Davis and Paul Werni, were college friends from the U of M who both live in northeast Minneapolis, and they initially planned to open their micro-distillery in Minneapolis, until they got wind of that $30,000 fee, at which point they started scouting in Wisconsin.
But in the end, not being in Minneapolis turned out to be a blessing in disguise. They work with a farmer ten minutes down the road who grows and mills their corn to order, they work with another farmer ten minutes down some other road who takes the leftover mash to feed his dairy cows. The distillery fits really well into a farm community, because bourbon is really just a highly concentrated form of corn.
Tom Crann: When you put it like that, it seems odd that there haven't been more bourbons from Wisconsin.
DMG: There was another one. In 2010 in Milwaukee, 263 bottles of Wisconsin bourbon were released by the micro-distiller Great Lakes Distillery — and the lot sold out faster than you could drink a julep. That's why it's a big deal that 45th Parallel is releasing this one. It's a batch of about 1,000 bottles, and it's going to be the first of many.
The reason why everyone doesn't do this is: It's costly. Remember how I said that bourbon has to be aged a minimum of two years? That means that to get into the micro-distillery game, you have to be willing to tie up all your cash in inventory which quietly ages. But it looks like 45th Parallel is doing it: They're bottling and releasing four barrels of their bourbon this summer, but they have another 75 aging in their Wisconsin warehouse.
Tom Crann: And now the big question: How does it taste.
DMG: I don't know! And it's killing me. If their vodka is anything to judge by, it should be good. They've racked up scores of awards for their corn vodka, made in the same way, using local corn, and local small batch methods.
Tom Crann: And is that something you have to get on a waiting list for as well?
DMG: No, it's everywhere — lots of metro liquor stores, and you can go on a tour and tasting and buy some at the distillery as well. Right now they're offering tours on Fridays and Saturdays, but come June they'll be adding tours on Sundays as well. For $5 you get to tour the micro-distillery, and taste through their portfolio — and if you want to you can get on the waiting list for the bourbon as well. Next year you can have a real locavore julep for Derby Day. And then I think you just get a big straw hat and put little blocks of cheese on it. It will be the cheese-head derby hat mash-up the world has been waiting for.
Tom Crann: And if I spot one of those I'll let you know. Dara, thanks as always for joining us.
Contact info:
45th Parallel Spirits
1570 Madison Avenue
New Richmond, WI
Phone: 715-246-0565


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City of CoronaHome Menu
City Calendar
This calendar of events is organized chronologically and provides basic information on events taking place within the City, or sponsored by Corona-based organizations.
Are you viewing this on a Mobile device? Click here to view City Calendar in List Format
Infrastructure Committee Meeting *CANCELLED*
- Date: 01/01/2020 8:00 AM - 9:00 AM
- Location: City Hall
400 South Vicentia Ave
Corona, California 92882
Return to full list >>
Infrastructure Committee meetings are held the 1st Wednesday of the month at the City Council Board Room, in the third floor of City Hall, at 8 a.m.
For more information please contact the Management Services Department at (951) 736-2371. Click here to view Meeting Agenda.
Please note: Meeting will be held on the 1st Wednesday of the month, unless cancelled or rescheduled due to conflicts.


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Tokico Illumina Shocks
- Tokico Illumina Shocks are the sophisticated choice for serious enthusiasts
- Five-position adjustment system lets you tune the suspension to a variety of driving environments
- Simply adjusts with a screwdriver
- Each adjustment "clicks" into place so you know exactly which setting you've selected
- Choose the soft lower range for a smooth street ride or turn up the firmness for performance handling
- Multi-stage variable-aperture piston and valve system allows simultaneous compression damping and rebound adjustment
- Sold individually
- Lifetime Warranty
Tokico Illumina Shocks let you fine-tune your ride to perfection, whether you want to smooth out your street feel or enhance your racing performance. Its sophisticated five-way adjustment system sets up your car for a wide variety driving situations. Tokico Illumina Shocks feature some of the most advanced shock absorber technology available today.
Set your Tokico Illumina Shocks to position 1 for soft dampening force and a smooth street feel. Take it up to position 5 for the stiffest response and race-quality handling. Or go anywhere in between to find the damping and compression that works for you. All you need to set your Tokico Illumina Shocks is a screwdriver, making adjustment fast and easy. Shutter-valve detents make the adjusting screw "click" into place so you know exactly what setting you've chosen.
Your Tokico Illumina Shock Absorbers are custom-designed to your exact vehicle for optimized performance and fit. They're built for race-worthy durability - So much so that Tokico Illuminas are used by Steeda, a nationally known Mustang tuner, on their drag race and road race cars. Plus, they're backed with a Lifetime Warranty, so you know you can count on Tokico to provide durable, sophisticated shock performance. Sold individually.


text: I have worked in the graphic design field for 25 years. I have worked in children's publishing, corporate design and advertising. I love designing for all medias. I find each one to be different and challenging. I like to design because I really enjoy anything creative. I have always painted flowers and wildlife. I also love taking photographs of nature. I knew at a young age my passion was being in the creative field. In high school I took a graphic design class and loved it so much, I knew I wanted to do this for a career.


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While probably not as sleek on the front of a Marinoni Fango cycloross bicycle as the Cy-Fi wireless sports speaker, Pedro Gomes' Ecoball is a great idea for hikers, picnickers, beachers, and sportsters who love the outdoors. Sporting solar power strips, your speakers shouldn't run out of juice (as long as you use them outside), and they fold up into a big, tight ball (TWSS), for easy toting. As with many enterprising designs out there, Ecoball doesn't have a manufacturer yet, but I can promise that its design is sound. iPod accessory makers – let's get running!
Wanna know more? Check out the Pedro Gomes' Ecoball sound system at Behance
Thanks for the tip, Yanko!


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A new Vancouver start-up promises to modernize one of the last bastions of cash and cheque transactions by introducing credit card payments to the rental market.
RentMoola claims to be the first online service in Canada that enables renters to collect rewards and points by paying with plastic. The service allows for one-time or routine payments to be made through a registered credit card online or on mobile devices.
The company charges the renter a 2.75-per-cent fee for each payment, which, it argues, is offset by Air Miles and other rewards collected by the consumer.
But Scott Hannah, president of the non-profit Credit Counselling Society, warns there's a cost to the convenience and renters should beware.
Relying on credit to pay for life necessities such as rent is dangerous financial practice, he said. Plus, RentMoola's claim that credit card kickbacks will offset its fee is unlikely to hold true for most renters.
"Looking at the best reward points where you might get maybe two per cent (back), it's unlikely that it's going to work in your favour," he said.
Paying rent by credit card is typically not an option because landlords aren't willing to pay processing fees to credit companies. By law, they can't pass these extra costs on to tenants.
However, RentMoola acts as a third-party service provider by courting property management companies with zero fees.
Philipp Postrehovsky, RentMoola's COO and co-founder, said the company fills a need for both landlords and renters by removing administrative and personnel costs around processing cheque or cash payments and providing a financial buffer for months when renters fall short.
"There's not too many industries left where cheques are still accepted," points out Postrehovsky.
Condo owners can even pay their monthly strata fees using RentMoola.
The company launched publicly in April and now has seven Vancouver property management companies on its roster, including Advent Real Estate, Orr Development and Unique Accommodations, which account for hundreds of rental units in Metro Vancouver.
RentMoola is also making inroads in Toronto, signing up an average of two property companies per week and in commercial rental markets in Texas, Postrehovsky said.
For now, the company is only working with registered property management companies in Vancouver — not homeowners renting a spare suite — and is targeting the high-end rental market of working professionals and foreign renters who don't want the hassle of establishing a foreign bank account or the expense of wire transfers.
Postrehovsky credits his brother Patrick, co-founder and CEO, with coming up with the idea to revolutionize rental payments while living in Shanghai, China.
"In Shanghai, expats can only rent and everyone pays by cash so he would have to go to the ATM multiple times a week to amass the amount of money to pay for his rent, because there's caps on how much you can take out," he said.
Eventually, Patrick discovered the most convenient way to get the cash in one go was to purchase foreign currency on his credit card — with the added perk of gathering points.
"He ended up earning four free flights because he was able to leverage his rewards program on his Aerogold credit card."
Upon returning to Canada, Patrick was shocked to find people still paying rent predominately by cheque and set about finding a way to simplify the payment process and provide a channel to accumulate more rewards, his brother said.
"And so RentMoola was born."
It all sounds appealing, but renters should use extreme caution, said Hannah of the Credit Counselling Society. With credit card interest rates averaging around 20 per cent, it wouldn't take long for a few months' rent to transform into a rather hefty personal debt.
Also, consumers need to take into account that gift cards and points come with limitations and there's no guarantee consumers will actually get to use all their points. "Every year people lose millions and millions of reward points because they expire."
Postrehovsky said RentMoola is cognizant that paying rent by credit can be a perilous pursuit for some renters, which is why it has targeted the high end of the industry and courted companies that are "aligned with our vision."
Still, Hannah isn't convinced RentMoola's promised payout is enough to offset the expense, even for renters diligent about paying their credit card balance each month.
"Is the convenience worth the cost? I think the jury's still out on that."


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A Battery charger is a device that was designed to put energy into a secondary cell to recharge a battery.
How does it work?
First you have to make sure you have the right type of battery that allows for recharging. From here, you connect the battery to the charger unit. Once a current starts to flow, the electrodes that have depleted out of the batteries are essentially reversed and recharged back to their original state at which point they fill up and cut off charging once maximum capacity is reached. A typical rechargeable battery can be charged many times.
Overcharging is generally worse than undercharging. The extra energy causes heating up and building up pressure inside, which can make them rupture, leach chemicals or gas and sometimes even explode.
Different types of rechargeable batteries respond best to different types of charging, therefore being able to pick a charger suitable for one type of battery many not work well with another. In other words, we should not charge a mobile phone with a car battery charger, but neither should we charge NiMH batteries with a nicad charger.
Types of Batteries Charged:
Lead- and lithium-based chargers operate on constant current constant voltage (CC/CV). Nickel-based batteries charge with constant current and the voltage is allowed to rise freely. There are battery chargers available for standard sizes, for example, AA, AAA, C, D and 9V. There are also battery chargers available for larger lead-acid batteries.
Some battery chargers have slots for the smaller cells to be placed into for charging. These often fit straight into a plug socket for power. Other battery chargers come with crocodile clip connectors to connect to larger, lead-acid batteries.
Features and benefits
Cost effective
Eco-friendly for the environment
Charge several chemistries including lithium-ion, NiCd, NiMH
Some will work in your car if they have an adapter
Fast charging times
Handy lights that change colour to indicate completion


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"I had to return a couple of times for more photos of their unique products, booth design – and (ok, I'm confessing) for just one more of their amazing Belgian chocolates."
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While cities along Colorado's Front Range are experiencing record-high temperatures, a ski area about 50 miles to the west is trying to bring on winter.
The Loveland Ski Area says it saw the first snowfall of the season last week. Ski area employees tell the Summit Daily News that they took advantage of the cold and revved up the snowmaking equipment.
This week, the ski area's snowmakers are on standby and employees are waiting for cooler temperatures to return.
Last year, Loveland was the first ski area in North America to open when it started its chairlifts Oct. 7.


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There is plenty you can do with your Sonos beyond simply playing music room-to-room. The only thing required is a little know-how.
Sound garden
Use your Sonos to escape into nature. By setting up two Sonos players in one room, you can experiment with dueling rain sounds and birds chirping across the room, waves crashing against some Bob Marley, or mixing thunderstorms with nighttime crickets. Might we suggest browsing TuneIn for everything from chirrups to sussurations, paired with your favorite streaming service for the accompanying tunes.
Love your best friend, but hate his taste in music? If you both have Sonos, now you can BYO. As soon as you walk in your friend's home, just connect to the WiFi network to add your own good music to the queue. Once you're on the WiFi, open the Sonos app and blast your best playlists to up the competitive ante. If your friend is lacking in variety, select "Add Music Services" and help a brother out, or select "On this iPhone/Device" within your music menu to queue up any track already on your phone. The only thing you'll need to get creative with is getting the WiFi password (and hey, we're sure you'll think of something).
Family time from afar
Grandparents or aunts and uncles far away? Using Garage Band or another audio recording program, ask them to record an MP3 of them reading a nighttime story or singing a song to your kids. Once they send the file along, sync it with your iTunes or media library and load it on your Sonos (you can also use the "On this iPhone/Device" feature). Nothing like watching your kids fall asleep to the sound of their grandparents' voices reading them a story.
Local sports, wherever you are
Huge Sox fan living in California? Try this hack. Turn on the local sports radio station for your favorite team on the Playbar from within the Sonos App (TuneIn Radio). Then, tune into the game on TV while enjoying commentary from your favorite hometown announcer. No matter your location, you'll be watching the game like a local—yelling at the umps and all.
Pet sounds
Your pets need stimulation and company while you're out, so orchestrate a day of good tunes or talk radio for them. Simply set a few alarms and sleep timers to entertain them with whatever you choose. Fido will thank you.
Swipe right
Did you know the new Play:5s have swipe functionality built in? Tap the top of the speaker and swipe right or left to skip to the next or listen again to previous tracks.
Got more tips you use? There are plenty more out there, so share your favorites via the Sonos Community to spread the wealth.


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The merest mention of the word sword evokes images of legendary figures: English knights, Roman gladiators, Japanese ninjas or Viking warriors. Our imagination paints them larger-than-life, with their shining swords slicing through the air in dazzling arcs. We are fascinated by the sword like no other weapon, often seeing it as a thing of beauty. In fact, many swords are breathtaking works of art made by the skilled hands of a craftsman.
The price range reflects the variety. You can find all types of swords, from inexpensive machine-made replicas for as little as $50 to hand-crafted masterpieces that cost $35,000 or more!
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A Japanese katana. See more pictures of swords.
Up Next
Basically, a sword is a sharpened piece of metal that is typically between 24 and 48 inches (61 to 122 cm) in length with a handle (hilt) on one end. The other end usually tapers to a point. In this edition article, you will learn about swords and how they are made using modern sword-making methods, including the steps needed to create a sword:
- Choosing a design
- Selecting the stock
- Forging and shaping the blade
- Normalizing and annealing the steel
- Adding the edge
- Tempering the steel
- Adding the guard, hilt and pommel
This article covers the basics of modern sword making. There are many other methods that have been used throughout history and many differences between swords made by bladesmiths of different times and regions. The development of a Japanese sword varies significantly from the creation of a European sword. This article provides a glimpse into the fascinating world of bladesmithing.
Let's get started with a look at the parts of a sword.
Sword ComponentsHere are the main components of a sword:
There are four basic parts:
Blade - The length of steel that forms the sword. A typical blade has six areas:
- Edge - This is the sharpened portion of the blade. A sword may be single or double-edged. For example, a Japanese katana has a single edge but a Scottish claymore is sharpened on both sides.
- Tip - The end of the sword furthest away from the hilt. Most swords taper to a point at the tip, but some blade lines are straight until the very tip. A few swords, such as a U.S. Civil War saber, are curved along their length.
- Back - The part of the blade opposite the edge. Of course, a double-edged sword has no back.
- Flat - The sides of the blade.
- Fuller - Often called the blood groove or gutter, the fuller is a narrow groove that runs most of the length of many swords. Most people believe that it is there to allow the blade to be easily removed by blood escaping through the channel, thereby reducing suction. Contrary to popular belief, the fuller is not a channel for blood to run along. The actual reason for the fuller is to decrease the weight of the blade without diminishing the strength. Use of a fuller allows a bladesmith to use less material to comprise the blade, making it lighter without sacrificing too much structural integrity. This is similar to the use of an I-beam when building a skyscraper.
- Ricasso - Found on some swords, the ricasso is the unsharpened part of the blade just before the guard. It was typically used on heavier swords to provide a place to grip with the second hand if needed.
- Tang - The portion of the blade that is covered by the hilt. A full tang is the same width as the rest of the blade and extends beyond the hilt and through the pommel. A partial tang does not extend all the way through the hilt and is normally not more than half the width of the blade. The length of the tang and the width, particularly where it narrows before entering the pommel, vary from sword to sword. The thickness and width of a tang within the hilt will determine the handling of the sword.
Guard - The metal piece that keeps an opponent's sword from sliding down over the hilt and cutting your hand. The guard on Japanese swords also prevented the hands from sliding down to the blade while many European sword guards also protected the hands in close quarters combat against a shield. Also, the cross guard on a European sword can aid point control and manipulation of a blade. Guards can range from a simple crosspiece to a full basket that nearly encloses your hand.
Hilt - The handle of the sword, a hilt is usually made from leather, wire or wood. It is fastened to the tang of the blade to provide a comfortable way to hold the sword.
Pommel - The end of the sword that the hilt is on. Pommels are normally larger than the hilt and keep the sword from sliding out of the hand, as well as providing a bit of counterweight to the blade. They also can be used as a means to secure the hilt to the tang, and were sometimes forged out of the same length of steel as the rest of the blade.
Swords can range from strictly utilitarian to completely ceremonial. In many swords, the guard, hilt and pommel are very ornate and serve as the focal point for the uniqueness of the sword.
Part of History
Edged weapons have been a part of our history for as long as records have been kept. In fact, some of the earliest tools used by primitive man were sharpened pieces of stone.
Swords and knives have played a significant role in every major civilization. Even in today's modern society, swords are used in many of the most important military or state ceremonies and functions. Think about the commercials for the U.S. Marine Corps and how they focus on the Marine saber, or the knighting ceremony performed by the Queen of England where a sword is used to touch the shoulders of the knighted individual.
The earliest known swords were made from copper, one of the most common metals available. Copper swords were very soft and dulled quickly. Later on, swords were made from bronze. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. An alloy is a mixture of two or more base metals or elements to create another metal with certain specific properties. In the case of bronze, the combination of copper and tin created a metal that is:
- Stronger than copper
- More flexible than copper
- Stays sharp for longer than copper
A better sword was developed with the advent of iron. Iron ore was easily found in every part of the ancient world. Iron ore contains iron combined with oxygen. To make iron from iron ore, you need to eliminate the oxygen to create pure iron. The most primitive facility used to refine iron from iron ore is called a bloomery.
In a bloomery you burn charcoal with iron ore and a good supply of oxygen (provided by a bellows or blower). Charcoal is essentially pure carbon. The carbon combines with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (releasing lots of heat in the process). Carbon and carbon monoxide combine with the oxygen in the iron ore and carry it away, leaving a porous, sponge-like mass called a bloom. The bloom was then hammered to remove most of the impurities. The resulting metal was easy to work with, but iron swords did not hold an edge well and were still too soft.
Iron became the metal of choice for swords and other weapons, and helped forge new empires. Both iron and bronze weapons and tools made an incredible impact on the balance of power during the eras of their respective prominence. In fact, those periods of history are now known as the Iron Age and the Bronze Age.
Eventually, steel was discovered. Steel is an alloy of iron (ferrite) and a small amount of carbon (cementite), usually between 0.2 and 1.5 percent. Steel was originally made using a process called cementation. Pieces of iron were placed inside of a container made from a substance with a very high carbon content. The container was placed in a furnace and kept at a high temperature for a length of time that could range from hours to days. During this time, carbon migration would occur, which means the iron would absorb some of the carbon from the container. The resulting mixture of iron and carbon was steel.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
Don Fogg working at his forge
Steel has a number of advantages over iron and bronze:
- It is very hard.
- It is flexible when heat-treated properly.
- It can stay very sharp for a long time.
- It can be worked with and shaped.
- It is more resistant to rust and corrosion than iron.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A historically-inspired representation of a Celtic sword
Almost all swords made today are some type of steel alloy. In most modern steels, there also are a number of other elements. You'll learn more about the various steel alloys later. But first, let's talk about the tools you need to make a sword.
Setting Up Shop
Before a bladesmith (a person who makes swords, knives and other edged implements) can create a sword, he must have the proper environment and tools. A bladesmith's shop, called a smithy, is very comparable to a traditional blacksmith's shop. Because of the fumes and dust created by the smithing process, the smithy must be well ventilated. Care should be given to the placement of the forge, anvil and other equipment to ensure that the distance that the bladesmith has to travel with the heated steel is kept to a minimum.
The basic equipment used by the bladesmith has changed very little over the last few centuries. For most smiths, the biggest change has come after the basic forging is done, by using power tools to grind and polish the steel. Tools of the trade include:
Anvil - The symbol of the smith, the anvil is easily the best-known and most recognizable piece of smithing equipment. A standard anvil has the following parts:
- Base - The bulk of the anvil, the base usually has mounting holes drilled through the bottom to attach the anvil to a secure mount.
- Face - This is where most of the shaping of the steel happens. The top of the anvil is tempered to be very hard and should be smooth. The edges are slightly rounded to make sure that they don't gouge or mar the steel.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
Note the hardy and pritchel holes in the face of this anvil.
- Pad - A small flat section between the face and the horn, the pad is used for chisel work so that the bladesmith does not scar the face of the anvil.
- Horn - The front end of the anvil that tapers from just below the pad to a rounded tip. Also called the bick, the horn is used for curving and bending the steel.
- Hardy and pritchel holes - The hardy hole is a square socket in the anvil's face that holds some of the shaping tools described below. The pritchel hole is a round hole in the face that allows a punch, drill or drift to go down into the anvil. It is used for punching and shaping holes in the steel.
Hammers - The hammer is an extension of the bladesmith. He relies on it to create the basic shape of the sword. Hammers used by bladesmiths, and smiths in general, are slightly different from the typical hammer you find in a hardware store. The main difference is that smithing hammers are crowned, while most standard hammers are not. Crowned means that the edge of the hammer's head has been slightly rounded instead of squared off. Crowning keeps the hammer from making sharp indentations in the steel as the bladesmith pounds it.
Hammers vary greatly in size and purpose:
- Ball, cross and straight peen - Peen hammers have a flat, crowned head, and a round (ball) or wedge (cross and straight) shape on the other side. The cross peen has the wedge sideways to the hammer while the straight peen has the wedge in line with the hammer. Peen hammers are used for most of the shaping work.
- Sledge hammer and single jack - Sledge hammers tend to be big and heavy, weighing up to 20 pounds. They are used when the steel needs a lot of heavy-duty shaping and normally require a second person. One person holds the steel on the anvil while the other swings the sledge hammer. The single jack is a smaller version of the sledge hammer that can be used by one person.
- Set hammer and flatter - Both of these tools have large flat heads. As you might expect, the main use of the flatter is for flattening the steel. The set hammer is used to make squared corners and flat edges.
Tongs - Tongs are a versatile tool that no bladesmith can do without. In fact, a typical smithy has several pairs of tongs. Tongs are used to hold the steel while shaping it on the anvil. They are also used to place steel in the forge and retrieve it, and for quenching the steel.
- Hardies (bicks, fullers and swages) - These are the tools that fit in the hardy hole on the anvil. A bick is a rounded piece that can be used for curving and bending the steel, like a small horn. Fullers are used to make grooves. In fact, that is why the groove in a sword is called a fuller. Swages are used to force the steel into certain shapes, such as triangular, square or hexagonal.
- Chisels - As you might expect, chisels are used to cut or gouge the steel.
- Punches and drifts - Punches are used to poke, or punch, a hole through the steel. Drifts are used to expand an existing hole. The pritchel hole in the anvil provides a place for the punch or drift to go when it comes through the steel.
Forge - The tools mentioned above allow you to shape the steel once it's hot. To heat the steel requires a forge. Types of forges include coal, gas and electric. Most bladesmiths have one of these three for their main forge. The time and temperature can vary greatly depending on the steel used and the bladesmith's own technique.
Quench tank - A large metal container full of oil, the steel is submerged in the quench tank after it has been shaped. The oil used in the quench tank improves the hardening of the steel.
Slack tub - This is simply a large barrel or container of water used to cool the steel and tools.
Additional tools - Most bladesmiths have some or all of the tools listed here to round out their smithy. Also, a complement of standard tools, such as screwdrivers, saws, pliers and wrenches are useful.
- Files - Used to smooth out rough edges and burrs
- Vise - Used for holding pieces in a fixed position while the bladesmith works
- Hydraulic press - Used for rough shaping by flattening the steel
- Torch - Used for cutting and rough shaping of the steel
- Grinder - Used for everything from basic shaping to prepolishing
- Buffer - Used to polish the completed blade
- Drill press - Used to make holes in the steel
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A hydraulic press built by Tommy McNabb
Once the tools are in place, then the bladesmith needs to decide what he is making and what kind of steel to use...
Making the Grade
What kind of steel alloy a bladesmith uses to make a sword depends largely on their experience and the characteristics they want in the blade. The alloy used is almost always a form of carbon steel. A certain amount of carbon is necessary to give the metal enough hardness to be able to take an edge and hold it. But too much carbon decreases the flexibility of the blade, making it brittle and more likely to break.
Jim Hrisoulas, author of "The Complete Bladesmith," recommends a steel with a carbon content of around 60 to 70 points. In steel, carbon content is listed as points with each point equaling 0.01 percent of the total composition. Therefore, a 70 point rating means that the alloy has 0.7 percent carbon in the mix. Don Fogg actually uses 1086 steel (.86 percent carbon) and achieves superior results. However, the higher the rating doesn't always mean better steel. A process of careful heat-treating allows for very hard blades that are resilient and tough.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
The steel in a sword should have a carbon rating of 60 to 70 points.
Most of the steel alloys include one or more of the following elements, each one providing certain advantages (and some disadvantages). While the elements listed below are the most common, there are many others that may appear in an alloy.
- Chromium - Aids hardening; used in stainless-steel alloys; can cause the steel to crack during forging
- Tungsten - Provides for a sharp and long-lasting edge; hard to forge
- Manganese - Adds strength during the heat-treatment process
- Molybdenum - Keeps the steel hard at higher temperatures; very difficult to forge when present in high quantity
- Nickel - Adds strength, does not increase hardness; appears in higher concentration in stainless-steel alloys
- Silicon - Improves flexibility and hardness; can increase conductivity of the alloy
Before choosing a metal, the bladesmith creates a design for the blade and determines what the most important characteristics for that blade will be. For example, a slim blade like a rapier needs to be very flexible while a broadsword needs greater hardness and strength. The bladesmith also decides what method to use for creating the blade. This will determine which metals can be used, particularly stainless steel alloys. Stainless steel is incredibly difficult to forge and temper properly, but a bladesmith can purchase stainless steel bars and grind them into shape using the stock removal process. In stock removal, a sword blade is made by taking a stock piece of steel and removing portions of it by cutting and grinding until you have the desired shape. Most bladesmiths prefer the flexibility that forging provides them with when creating custom swords. A forged blade is created by heating the metal and pounding it into shape.
Forged swords may contain a single metal or a combination of metals. The easiest and most common form of forged sword uses a single steel alloy to create the blade. Designs are sometimes engraved or etched into the steel to simulate the more complicated pattern welding and Damascus blades.
Pattern welding, also called laminate steel or pattern-welded Damascus steel (see below), uses two or more metals combined together during the forging process. Typically, layers of a steel alloy are combined with layers of a softer metal, such as nickle. The layers are folded onto each other numerous times, which helps to further remove any impurities in the metal. It also greatly multiplies the total number of layers. If a bladesmith starts out with three layers of nickle sandwiched between four layers of steel, then a single fold will double the number of layers to 14. Another fold would make 28 layers and a third one would create a total of 56 layers!
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A pattern-welded Damascus blade created by master bladesmith Don Fogg
As the folding continues, the softer metal welds or glues the layers of steel together to form a single whole. The softer metal layers give the sword greater flexibility without sacrificing the hardness of the steel needed for the cutting edge. Once the blade is complete, it is given an acid wash that brings out the contrast between the metals used. The patterns created by the different metals add incredible beauty to the blade and can be quite intricate.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
Detail of a feather pattern in a Damascus blade
J. D. Verhoeven, A. H. Pendray and W. E. Dauksch published an article in the September 1998 issue of the Journal of Metallurgy about Damascus steel that turned the sword-making world upside down. They assert that true Damascus steel is wootz steel. Wootz was a form of steel made in India that had a very high carbon content. When the steel was forged, some of the carbon would separate into bands. These bands would appear very light in color and the rest of the steel would become quite dark when polished and etched. The result was a highly contrasted pattern. As bladesmiths learned how to work with the wootz steel, they discovered that they could make the patterns very intricate by changing the angle of the blade in relation to the bands of carbon and steel.
On the next page, we will take a closer look at the forging process.
Just Beat It
The bladesmith's forge is basically a large super-hot oven. Traditional bladesmiths tend to use coal forges, but many others prefer the gas or electric forge. No matter which type a bladesmith uses, the desired result is the same: To heat the steel to the proper temperature for shaping the sword.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
Don Fogg working at his forge
Steel becomes red hot around 1200 to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit (649 to 816 degrees Celsius) and glows orange at about 1800 F (982 C). Most steel alloys should be worked somewhere within this range. If the steel is cooler and appears bluish in color, it can be shattered by the hammering. Conversely, the steel should not be heated any higher than 1800 F (982 C) unless specified by the alloy's use guidelines.
After the steel is heated, the first step is called drawing-out. When you draw out a piece of steel, you are increasing the length of the steel and reducing the thickness. In other words, you are flattening it into the basic sword shape. By hammering along one edge, the bladesmith can make the length of steel gradually curve to create a curved sword.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A student of Don Fogg drawing out the steel
Next, the bladesmith begins to taper the blade. Tapering is used to create the tip and tang of the blade. It is accomplished by hammering at an angle, beginning at the point where the taper should start and continuing to the end of the blade. Often, the tapering will create a bulge in the blade's thickness that will need to be drawn out. Once the tang is complete, the bladesmith will normally use a tap and die set to make threads on the end of the tang for the pommel to screw onto.
The bladesmith will continue to work on the blade a section at a time. He does this by heating that part of the blade (usually about 6 to 8 inches, or 15.24 to 20.32 cm) until it is red hot and shaping it with the hammer and other tools. He will flip the blade over again and again during the hammering to ensure that both sides are evenly worked.
At certain points during the forging process, the bladesmith will usually normalize the steel. This simply means that the steel is placed back into the forge and heated up again. Then it is allowed to cool without the bladesmith doing anything to it. The goal of normalizing is to smooth the grain (crystalline structure) of the steel. Essentially, each time that the smith heats up a section of the blade and works on it, he changes the grain of the steel as well as the shape. The steel is heated to a temperature that causes it to austenize (the iron and carbon molecules begin to mix). The steel is removed from the forge and air-cooled. This reduces the stress caused by irregularities in the composition of the blade and ensures that the grain is uniform throughout the blade.
Finally, before the grinding and polishing phase, the blade is annealed. Annealing seems quite similar to normalizing on the surface, but has a decidedly different result. The steel is heated to the appropriate temperature for it to austenize. The steel is then cooled back down very gradually. Usually, an insulating material is used to make sure that the steel does not cool too fast.
Annealing takes several hours to more than a day. The purpose of annealing is to make the steel soft and easy to grind or cut. Once annealing is complete, the bladesmith can start grinding the blade.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A student of master bladesmith Don Fogg filing a sword blade
Cutting to the Chase
Now that the blade is annealed, the bladesmith can engrave any designs and work out the edge and tip of the blade. Using a belt grinder is the most common way of adding the edge to the sword, but some bladesmiths prefer to work with files.
Since the steel is so soft, it will not hold the edge if you try to cut anything at this point. The steel must be heat-treated to harden it. Again, the bladesmith heats the blade up to the point of austenization. The blade must be evenly heated during this process. While a lot of bladesmiths use their forge for this process, some use a salt bath.
The salts are heated to the appropriate temperature and the blade is suspended in the salt bath for a certain amount of time. The salts used in a salt bath liquefy at a temperature lower than what is needed for the steel, but will remain a liquid beyond that temperature, creating a perfect "hot bath" for the blade. Much like a boiling pot of water, the salts evenly and thoroughly heat the steel.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A salt bath used by Don Fogg
When the blade is removed from the forge or salt bath, it must be immediately placed into the quench tank. The oil in the quench tank causes the steel to cool rapidly and evenly. If the steel does not cool evenly for some reason, then the blade can warp or even fracture. Also, the blade must not be left in the oil too long or removed too soon. Either mistake can ruin the blade. There are general guidelines for how long to quench the blade based on the type of steel, oil or other hardening medium in the quench tank, and the thickness of the blade. Most bladesmiths will tell you that it is mainly experience and instinct combined that helps them know how long is long enough. Quenching traps cementite within the ferrite and creates a very hard steel called martensite.
Now that the steel is hardened, it can be tempered. Tempering, or heat treating, is done by heating the blade again. The difference is that it is not heated to the point that austenization occurs. Tempering uses a much lower temperature, again based on the steel used. The blade is kept at this temperature for a while, then it is quenched again. Most bladesmiths temper a blade several times to get the exact level of hardness. The idea is that the metal is hard enough to maintain an edge but not so hard that it is brittle, which can cause it to chip or crack.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A sword being coated with clay
One common method of heat treatment, particularly favored by Japanese sword makers, is to coat the blade except for the edge with a wet clay mixture that dries out and hardens as the blade is heated. The clay retains the heat and retards the cooling process. Some bladesmiths will create thicker ridges of clay that cross the blade to further slow down cooling in those specific sections. The idea here is that those sections will be slightly softer than the rest of the sword, and will increase flexibility while the edge stays hard.
Finishing Touches
Once the blade is tempered, the bladesmith adds the rest of the sword. The guard and pommel are usually forged by the smith at the same time that he creates the blade. The guard is welded into place on the blade, or simply snugged against the shoulders and held in place by the hilt.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
A wooden block is prepared for use as a hilt.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
The finished hilt
The hilt may be one of several materials:
- Wood
- Metal
- Wire
- Bone
- Leather
- Plastic
The hilt is usually slipped over the tang to rest at the blade shoulder on a sword. (Knife hilts are normally riveted or glued on.) It is held in place by the pommel. The pommel either screws on to the end of the tang or it is slipped over the tang, in which case the end of the tang is flattened out to hold the pommel on. A few swords have the pommel and even the guard all created as one piece with the blade.
Photo courtesy Don Fogg Knives
Detail of the guard on the blade from this page
After the guard, hilt and pommel are added, the finished sword is buffed and polished. Finally, a whetstone is used to sharpen the blade. The completed product is a testament to the hard work of the bladesmith.
For more information on sword making and related topics, check out the links on the next page.
Related HowStuffWorks Articles
More Great Links
More Great Links


text: PolyPRO™ 1 5th Wheel RV Cover gray 33-37 ft. Light but strong, PolyPRO™ 1 fabric repels water and won't scratch your paint. It protects against dirt and scratches, and is perfect for storage and moderate weather protection. Custom-fit the cover to your 5th wheel with the elasticized bottom corners. Mildew resistant and easy to set up, this cover is a great, lean option for protecting your investments! A storage bag and tie-down rope are included.


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Cooking for friends is fun and lovely, especially when your friends are chocoholics 🙂
Last night I had two friends coming over for a small dinner party. After eating a 2kg roast chicken, I served my homemade brownies (totally made from scratch). Even though the consumption of the big bird made us really full, we still had some space left for a piece of rich, gooey but heavenly chocolaty brownies. I have to admit they were a hit considering the comment my friend made after munching the second piece of brownies:
'It's so good to know the cause of your death!' … and we all laughed, laughed and laughed …
Please note: Too much chocolate is never good but a small piece of good 70% cocoa dark chocolate is a healthier option 🙂
Enjoy your life and let chocolate release your happiness hormone!
Recipe adopted from: Cook with Jamie by Jamie Oliver
Dark Chocolate brownies with nuts and cherries
You will need:
250 g butter
200 g dark chocolate such as (make sure you use a very good quality chocolate such as Lindt Excellence 70% Cocoa Dark), broken up
150 g pitted cherries on syrup, drained
150 g walnuts
80 g cocoa powder, sifted
65 g plain flour, sifted
1 tsp baking powder, sifted
350 g caster sugar
4 eggs
strawberries, creme fraiche or vanilla ice creams, to serve
Preheat the oven to 180 ℃.
Line a rectangular baking tin with a baking paper.
In a bowl over some simmering water, melt the butter and chocolate and mix until smooth. Add the cherries and nuts. Stir all together.
In another bowl, mix the cocoa powder, flour, baking powder, sugar and add the hot chocolate mixture. Stir well. Beat the eggs and mix in until well combined and smooth.
Pour the mixture into the baking tin. Bake for 25 -30 minutes. Let it rest in a tin for a couple of hours before cutting into pieces. The brownies should be gooey inside; for a slightly drier version bake a bit longer.
These brownies rock!


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Make your job easy, talk to people in a language they understand. Their own passions and interests
Reach the 'Hard to Reach'
This video, though not directly about health, shows why popular culture is important as an educational tool.
*Summary * Links to Government Policy *The Process *Theory
Engage people through their own interests
Sex and Drugs and Rock... and Health is a website dedicated to using social marketing and edutainment (entertainment/education) to tackle health inequalities and promote health services. This is particularly important in a time of cutbacks when every penny counts. Why waste money trying to engage people in ways that they don't find relevant, interesting or fun? It also fits in well with other current approaches to public health such as resilience or social norms.
The site shows how to use social marketing to find out what different target groups are interested in and then suggests ways of linking these to health. Detailed examples include the use of
* Pop music
* Comedy
* Magazines
* Romantic novels
* Comics
* Crosswords
* Fashion
* Computer games
* Football
Social marketing can also be a way of finding out what messages etc to include in the various formats.
The approach may be particularly useful with 'hard to reach' underserved groups.
Using popular culture in other areas of health
You might also be interested in Rubin, C. 2008. Popular Culture In Counselling, Psychotherapy, And Play-based interventions. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
I also have another website, Inspiration Jukebox, that maybe useful to counsellors, as well as health workers and the public. Click here to see it.
(For references click here and links click here.)
To download my whole 180 page report on using popular culture to tackle health inequalities click here
To simply download the summary, recommendations etc click here
To download the PDF software to be able to download these files click here


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WASHINGTON — Ten Nobel Peace Prize winners from as far afield as Yemen, South Africa and Argentina have signed a letter asking U.S. President Barack Obama to deny a permit for the Keystone XL pipeline that would transport oilsands bitumen to Texas Gulf Coast refineries.
The laureates, who include former U.S. president Jimmy Carter and Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa, argue that denial of a permit would send a strong signal to the world that the U.S. is rejecting a fossil fuels future.
"Let this reflect the growing urgency we feel for the hundreds of millions of people globally whose lives and livelihoods are being threatened and lost as a result of the changing climate and environmental damage caused by our dangerous addiction to oil," the letter says.
Rejection of the pipeline would set "a powerful precedent" and "would signal a new course for the world's largest economy," the letter says.
"History will reflect on this moment and it will be clear to our children and grandchildren if you made the right choice."
The letter underscores Obama's dilemma: By allowing the assessment process to take so long, he has awakened both national and international interest in a project that normally would garner only passing concern.
Now he walks a tightrope that divides his own party. With midterm elections in November, no matter what his final decision, the damage could be significant. While denial of the pipeline likely would inspire his youth base to get out the vote, it could also lose him seats the Democrats need to maintain control of the Senate.
Eleven Senate Democrats sent Obama a letter last week urging him to approve the pipeline by May 31. One of those was Louisiana Democrat and chairman of the Senate energy committee Mary Landrieu. Polls show she is running a tight race against Republican Bill Cassidy. She's already on the defensive over the Affordable Care Act. Americans for Prosperity, the foundation financed by the oil billionaires David and Charles Koch, has spent more than $3 million since January on ads bashing her support for Obamacare.
Although Landrieu has claimed Keystone won't decide her political future, Louisiana is an oil state and denying the pipeline could dash her fortunes.
The 30-day period of public response to the State Department's environmental assessment finding ended March 7 with 124,989 comments.
Typical of the pipeline opposition is the comment from Roger Clark. "My position is that if Canada insists on extracting this crude then it should be Canada's problem in terms of how to refine it and how to bring it to market," he writes.
Many opponents challenged Secretary of State John Kerry to live up to a statement he made in 2007: "If we can put an end to the era of dirty fossil fuels, we can begin an era of sustainability — environmental, economic, and political — for our nation and the world."
Opponent Jack Spallino said, "In America, the land of the free big oil sociopaths, we fail to come to grips with the fact that filthy Shale tars add to climate change!"
Steven Pope typically reflected proponents when he wrote: "We need jobs and we need energy independence. The Keystone XL pipeline will help us support both."
Thousands of other proponents signed a form letter simply asking Obama to approve the pipeline as soon as possible.
The State Department's environmental assessment concludes that Keystone would not lead to a significant increases in carbon emissions.
The review process is now in the final stages of gathering comments from eight agencies — Defence, Justice, Commerce, Interior, Transportation, Energy, Homeland Security and the Environment — to assess whether the project serves the U.S. national interest. After that, Kerry will make his recommendation to the Obama, who will make the final decision. That could come as early as June 1 or as late Obama wants to make it.


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MY RIDE- Emily Heilman 2004 Volkswagen Jetta
Emily Heilman's 2004 Volkswagen Jetta is the car of her dreams. "I've always liked Jettas," she says. "I've always wanted one."
She's working towards a master's degree in English at UVA, but when she has free time, Heilman loves taking "lots of mini road trips" around Virginia– with her dog, of course. "I always keep his carrier in the back," she explains.
Fido seems to share her passion for the sporty ride, but he can't seem to stay awake! "He sleeps the entire time!" she says, adding that she considers that a testimony to the car's comfort level.
While the little silver auto has many fine points– "good mileage" is one– the proud owner says the best thing about the car is "I got the last of the old-school Jettas."


text:
So Wrong: Women Abusing Men On Tyra Banks! (Smacks Boyfriend On Hidden Cameras Live On TV) [25 Min]
So wrong in so many levels
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


text:
I´m using Bacula for backuping my servers and clients, but the versions of bacula in the official repository are very old. So I compiled and installed all the components by myself. But that was very much work and it is also very much work when I want to update the components.
Is there a possibility for an automated build service that creates new packages when a new update of bacula realeases? (maybe in combination with git) And how can I deploy the created packages with a foreign source to my servers and clients?
greetings Nico


text:
Software developers have released a JavaScript implementation of the OpenPGP encryption message format that allows users to encrypt and decrypt communications within web-based mail services.
GPG4Browsers is currently available only as an extension for the Google Chrome browser for integration with Gmail. It works with all asymmetric and symmetric ciphers and hash functions specified in the formal OpenPGP standard, with the exception of the IDEA algorithm. It is compatible with the GnuPG implementation of OpenPGP.
The prototype implementation can be used to encrypt and decrypt messages, digitally sign messages and verify the signatures of received messages, and import and export keys. It doesn't support the generation or manipulation of keys or work with messages that are symmetric-only encrypted.
If GPG4Browsers can bring email encryption to the masses, its creators will be doing the world a huge favor, but El Reg isn't holding its breath. True, dedicated email programs that support public-key encryption are complicated enough that only power users are typically able to implement and stick with them. Like previous browser plugins implementing crypto, GPG4Browsers appears to shift all the complexity out of the email client and into the browser.
"Generally (ie every case I can think of) plugins don't take off," Trevor Perrin, an independent cryptographer, wrote in an email. "Reasons being that plugins usually have a less-than-perfect integration with the host application (in this case Gmail) so not a great user experience – they end up being rough around the edges, or have subtle interference with printing, or forwarding, or attachments, or something."
The Recurity Labs developers make clear that their plugin isn't suitable for use on public machines. And since a user's keys must be imported to each instance where the implementation is used, we're not sure we see a clear benefit to using a plugin over using a dedicated piece of software to achieve the same results.
Of course, webmail isn't likely to go away anytime soon, so the biggest contribution of GPG4Browsers may be to bring a long overdue feature to the Mozillas of the world.
"Hopefully, this will get the attention of browser vendors to provide better integrated crypto instead of requiring an extension," said Nate Lawson, a cryptographer who is principal of Root Labs. ®


text:
If your computer is wide open, random strangers will have found it already and stolen everything worth having. actually telling people won't make any difference.
This thread is 3 years old, and things have changed a lot in that time. However, for possibly the first time, I am inclined to agree with you provided that you take the timeline into consideration, and we will only go back to Windows XP (2001).
If your computer is wide open, random strangers will have found it already and stolen everything worth having.
Not really people, but internet worms such as Blaster and Code Red. In the early days of Windows XP, the firewall was not turned on by default so you would be infected if you didn't activate it or install a better solution. I believe that this was rectified in SP1, where the firewall was turned on by default?
actually telling people won't make any difference.
Only if they can be trusted? otherwise you would be open to a DoS attack, particularly if you have a static IP address.
By default, the Windows Firewall is turned on the moment you install Service Pack 2.
If it is not turned on, inside of 15 minutes, someone else will use your computer for their ends.
To tell you the truth, it's not dangerous at all, because if you have an ISP(Internet Service Provider) odds are you have a modem and all of the IP addresses that they give you point to the geographical location of your ISP's datacenter(where all the action goes on) so only the government like FBI can actually have your real house address by your IP Address by saying to your ISP "Hey!, Were the FBI and we'd like so and so's address!" and if anyone ever tells you anything about getting your house address by your IP Address just explain that, Also, if you have a router an IP address like 184.108.40.206 is basically like an "appartment building address" and the people who live there have an internal address like 192.168.1.105 . and most routers and computers today have built in firewalls so by default your network can only have "outgoing" activity.
I agree with AA on this one.
I try to trace myself, and the closest I get is about 60 miles. Hell! and I am on the inside looking out?
Where you will have a potential problem is when you have a fixed or static ISP address........that leaves you open to a personal attack. Mine changes every time I reboot
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text:
Victoria and David Beckham's three sons finally have a little sister—and their fashionista mom finally has somebody for whom to design tiny dresses.
The former Spice Girl gave birth at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles at 7:55 a.m. Sunday morning with her soccer-playing husband by her side. The baby was a healthy seven pounds, 10 ounces.
The transatlantic celebrity parents didn't announce a name, but they'd known for months what color to paint the nursery. They also knew to expect the baby any day now; its due date was July 4.
U.S. & World
The couple, regular tabloid fixtures in both the U.S. and their native England, already has three children: 12-year-old Brooklyn, eight-year-old Romeo and six-year-old Cruz.
"Obviously, having three boys, you kind of expect another one, so finding out a little girl is in there is surprising," David Beckham said excitedly soon after announcing his wife's pregnancy months ago.
The star footballer has recently been leading the L.A. Galaxy on a long undefeated streak, the Associated Press reported.
His wife has kept busy even toward the end of her pregnancy, preparing the launch of her new dress line, Victoria by Victoria Beckham, which hits stores next year.
"This is the most girly collection I've ever created," she told Women's Wear Daily last month—and it seems fitting.
Think any of those dresses come in infant sizes?
Selected Reading: People, Associated Press, Women's Wear Daily


text:
Alyssa! says: "This is my hedgie Beatrix! She loves snuffling around in the bubbles!"
OMG that is so squeedorable! Does Beatrix like to pop bubbles with her spines???
-Sally Squeeps
Do you have a squee pet that you want to share with the world? Send us your pet pictures and stories, and they could end up on Daily Squee!
- Reposted by


text:
Public Company Information:
SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The Charles Schwab Corporation (the "Company") today announced that it will redeem on December 1, 2017, all of the 485,000 outstanding shares of its 6.00% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B ("Series B Preferred Stock"), and the corresponding 19,400,000 depositary shares ("Depositary Shares"), each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of the Series B Preferred Stock. The Depositary Shares are currently traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol SCHW PrB (CUSIP 808513204). The Depositary Shares will be redeemed at a redemption price of $25.00 per Depositary Share.
Since the redemption date is also the dividend payment date, the redemption price of $25.00 per Depositary Share does not include declared and unpaid dividends. Regular quarterly dividends were declared in the amount of $0.375 per Depositary Share, and will be paid separately in the customary manner on December 1, 2017 to holders of record at the close of business on November 16, 2017.
The Depositary Shares are held in book-entry form through the Depository Trust Company ("DTC") and will be redeemed in accordance with the procedures of DTC. Payment to DTC for the Depositary Shares will be made by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as redemption agent. The address for Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. is 1110 Centre Pointe Curve, Suite 101, Mendota Heights, Minnesota 55120-1400, Attention: Corporate Actions.
About Charles Schwab
The Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE: SCHW) is a leading provider of financial services, with more than 345 offices and 10.6 million active brokerage accounts, 1.6 million corporate retirement plan participants, 1.2 million banking accounts, and $3.18 trillion in client assets as of September 30, 2017. Through its operating subsidiaries, the company provides a full range of wealth management, securities brokerage, banking, money management, custody, and financial advisory services to individual investors and independent investment advisors. Its broker-dealer subsidiary, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (member SIPC, http://www.sipc.org ), and affiliates offer a complete range of investment services and products including an extensive selection of mutual funds; financial planning and investment advice; retirement plan and equity compensation plan services; referrals to independent fee-based investment advisors; and custodial, operational and trading support for independent, fee-based investment advisors through Schwab Advisor Services. Its banking subsidiary, Charles Schwab Bank (member FDIC and an Equal Housing Lender), provides banking and lending services and products. More information is available at www.schwab.com and www.aboutschwab.com.
Charles Schwab
Mayura Hooper, 415-667-1525
Charles Schwab
Rich Fowler, 415-667-1841


text:
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Bright White Clearcoat 2020 Jeep Gladiator Sport 4WD 8-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVTAwards: * 2020 KBB.com 10 Favorite New-for-2020 Cars!!**We serve greater Nashville, Chattanoga, Hermitage, Brentwood, La Vergn, Mt. Juliet, Smyrna, Franklin and Williamson County, Price includes: $2000 - 2020 Bonus Cash 20CLA. Exp. 08/31/2020
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