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Wikipedia is an amazing resource and someone has compiled a huge list of free open source programs at List of Open Source Software Packages.
The list is broken down by type including math, finance, word processing, assisting technology, file manager, games, media, internet, networking, education, and so many more.
If a link is in red, that means that documentation in Wikipedia has not been written, so if you are familiar with the program, consider clicking on that link and filling in the blanks to help all of us. Many of the links include a link to the software site, which would also help even if there is no Wikipedia documentation. And you can add to this list, which is part of the fun of working on a wiki and contributing to the largest resource for knowledge in the world – and FREE, too.
Now, the programs listed are considered free, but if you really like them and use them, do consider donating to their cause so they can remain free and their developers can keep the roof over their head and food in their children's mouths. 😉
And while I'm looking at this huge, overwhelming list, besides WordPress and Firefox, what are some of your favorite open source, free programs?
Site Search Tags: open+source, free, programs, software, wikipedia, wiki


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Spider(redirected from Standard & Poor Depository Receipt)
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.
Related to Standard & Poor Depository Receipt: American Depositary Receipt, Global Depositary Receipt
See: SPDRs
Also called a Standard & Poor's Depositary Receipt or a SPDR. An exchange-traded fund that tracks the Standard and Poor's 500. The organization issuing the SPDR owns each of the stocks traded on the S&P 500 in approximate ratio to their market capitalization. SPDR shares can be bought, sold, short-sold, traded on margin; they generally function as if they were stocks. Dividends are paid quarterly and are based on the accumulated dividends of all the stocks represented in the SPDR, less any expenses. Investors use SPDRs (and indeed all exchange-traded funds) as a way to easily diversify their portfolios at relatively low cost. Investors also see the demand for SPDRs as an indicator of which direction the market believes the S&P 500 is going. See also: Mid-Cap SPDR.

subset: commoncrawl


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In the last month or so, I've finished a couple of things that I actually remembered to take pictures of.
Two box bags, using It's a Pretty Modern Life's tutorial (but Make it Modern's dimensions). I loved making these! I'm still pretty slow at it, but if I can think of more people to make them for, hopefully I'll get faster.
Two baby slings (but I only bothered taking a picture of one), using Handmade Adelaide Baby's instructions. I'm a real sewing noob and bought that cute owl corduroy for the exterior, but it makes it really hard to reposition the sling once my son's in it since the corduroy clings to whatever I'm wearing. I used the sizing instructions from the tutorial, but I have a really hard time getting my kid into it for the front carry hold. I tried putting Sunshine into it in the hip carry position, and it seems like there's a lot more room that way, so hopefully I can use it more when he's older.
My giganto mom bag, based on Oh Fransson's Margaret Sling Bag. However, since by the time I got around to making the bag the pattern had been retired, I didn't have the templates so I think my bag is bigger than the original. It fits a ton! My memory is fuzzy, but I think I cut 20.5″ x 19″ rectangles for the sides… I meant for it to be 21″ x 19″, but I messed up. 😀 The exterior is Timeless Treasures' Amelia print and the interior is Robert Kaufman's A Day in the Life print. The bunny button is from shop4craft's store.
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Glory Award & Trophy offers more Metal Cup trophies to meet your needs, starting at 50 pieces per size. Feel free to contact us for the latest quotation.
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Assasif Tombs Egypt – Pabasa – Harwa – AnkhHor – Petamenophis – Kheruef – Puimre
Assasif Tombs Egypt – Pabasa – Harwa – AnkhHor – Petamenophis – Kheruef – Puimre
Just a few of the El-Assasif Tombs in Thebes, Egypt.
"Whilst buying tickets to Hatshepsut's temple at Deir el Bahri you may have noticed the sign giving ticket prices for the Assasif Tombs. Next time don't ignore them they are well worth a visit. The Assasif is a very rich area for archaeologists and there are teams working at Petamenophis, Harwa and Puimra. The tombs that are open are Kheruef which is fully described here: http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/kherueft.htm and Ankh Hor, which are on the same ticket and finally Pabasa, which is a separate ticket."
[Retrieved on 07 Feb' '09]
Details on El-Assasif Tombs mentioned above:
Tomb of Kheruef [also called Senaa] (TT192) 18th Dynasty.
Steward to the Great Royal Wife Tiye, during the reign of Amenhotep III. The reliefs in the tomb contains depictions of Tiye, Amenhotep III (shown as a weak and elderly figure in some decoration)and Akhenaten (named as Amenhotep). Hence, its decoration program started late in the final years of Amenhotep III and the earliest phase of the Akhenaten's reign.
The tomb of Kheruef is large enough to have several later tombs associated with it, or placed within its substructure. The tombs, TT189, TT190, TT191, TT192, TT194, TT195, TT196 and TT409 are all much smaller and largely undecorated.
Petamenophis [Padiamenope, Patuamenap or Pedamenopet] (TT33) 25th to 26th Dynasties.
Chief Lector Priest. This beautiful limestone fragment of relief comes from Tomb 33 at El-Assassif, belonging to Petamenophis. The portrait of this priest of modest rank, who owned one of the larger tombs of the Theban necropolis, has all the characteristics of the art of the transitional period of the 25th and 26th Dynasties. An archaic profile, individualised by large eyes with very marked eyebrows and by a thick-lipped mouth, is in particularly representative of it.
Video: http://www.clipser.com/watch_video/551446
Harwa (TT37) 25th Dynasty.
Harwa's tomb is situated in the middle of the Assasif area, built on the processional way of Mentuhotep, with an entrance at the south. Archaeological excavations of the tomb began in 1995 and continue to-date. Harwa was an enigmatic person in ancient Egyptian history. He lived at the beginning of the 7th century BC, when the Nile Valley was in the hands of the Nubian Pharaohs of the 25th Dynasty. He held the position of Great Steward of the Divine Votaress, a position that allowed him to manage the huge resources of the state of Amun-Re of Karnak. This position was held for three centuries by the members of the clergy and embraced the whole southern Egypt. The importance of Harwa is mainly demonstrated by the eight statues portraying him in various attitudes which are now kept in the major Egyptian collections all over the world (Cairo, Aswan, Paris, London and Leipzig).
Puimra [Puimre, Puyemra and also Puyemre] (TT39) 18th Dynasty.
The Ancient Egyptian noble and architect, Puimre was Second prophet of Amun during the reigns of Thutmose III and Hatshepsut. His tomb is located in El-Khokha, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the West Bank of the Nile.
Ankh Hor [Ankh-Hor, AnkhHor] (TT414) 26th Dynasty.
Ankh-Hor was 'Steward of the Divine Votress Nitocris', 'Great Mayor of Memphis', 'Overseer of Upper Egypt in Thebes' and 'Overseer of the Priests of Amun' during the reigns of Psamtek II and Apries (Wahibre) of Dynasty XXVI. His tomb is one of a series of large tombs in the Asasif area built at the end of the Third Intermediate Period for high officials in the estates of the Gods Wives of Amun. The great importance of the Gods Wives during this time is clearly reflected in the size of the tombs of their chief administrators, that of Ankh-hor being no exception. As Chief Steward of Nitocris, he would have been one of the most important and wealthiest men in Egypt.Ankh-Hor's tomb followed the decoration in the tomb of Pabasa (TT279) and has some rare scenes of beekeeping, although the complete hives are not shown as they are in Pabasa's tomb, but only the honeycombs.
(TT414) 26th Dynasty"]Pabasa [Pabes] (TT279) Ancient Egyptian noble Pabasa was Chief Steward to the Nitocris I, Divine Adoratrice of Amun, during the Saite Period – Twenty-sixth dynasty
Pabasa has a large tomb at Asasif, just outside the entrance to Hatshepsut's temple at Deir el-Bahri. Like Ankh-hor, who held this important title after him, he was the 'Chief Steward of the God's Wife Nitocris' (Neitiqert) during the reign of Saite king Psamtek I.
Pabasa's tomb still has a large mudbrick superstructure. A steep flight of stairs leads down to the entrance of the subterranean levels and on the lintel above the doorway is a fine relief of a barque, adored by the souls of Pe and Nekhen, by the God's Wife, Nitocris and by the deceased.
A small vestibule leads to a larger pillared sun court. The vestibule shows scenes of Pabasa's funeral procession, including mourners and the 'Abydos Pilgrimage'. There is a long text of Pabasa and depictions of his son, Thahorpakhepesh, who acted as sem-priest at his father's funeral.
On the inner lintel of the entrance to the court, a relief shows Osiris and Re-Horakhty, in the centre of a double-scene, with Pabasa and Nitocris and cartouches of the king (Psamtek I) and his daughter Nitocris on either side.
Beyond the sun court is a hall containing eight pillars, part of which was decorated but is now very damaged. The pillars were also decorated with deities and texts on the sides facing the central isle. At the rear of the hall a decorated niche contains Pabasa's burial shaft. His granite sarcophagus is now in Glasgow Museum.
Several other chambers containing burial shafts are accessed from the rear of the hall.
http://Queen.Amenardis.net/ – Main Blog
One Response to "Assasif Tombs Egypt – Pabasa – Harwa – AnkhHor – Petamenophis – Kheruef – Puimre"
A few El-Assasif Tombs in Thebes, Egypt – Pabasa – Harwa – AnkhHor – Petamenophis – Kheruef – Puimre…
'A few' El-Assasif Tombs in Thebes, Egypt – Pabasa – Harwa – AnkhHor – Petamenophis – Kheruef – Puimre
"Whilst buying tickets to Hatshepsut's temple at Deir el Bahri you may have noticed the sign giving ticket prices for the Assasif Tom…


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He's lead Sarasota County's only gifted school since 1988
The second-graders bound in, some skipping, some trotting, one missing a shoe.
Steve Largo is the only thing standing between the students and their chicken nuggets.
As he does every school day, Largo takes his usual post as lunchroom monitor, directing them in line like a crossing guard. This is one of those little things Largo will miss when the longtime Pine View School principal retires at the end of June.
"You start to realize you've been doing this for so long and you realize it's not going to happen anymore," Largo, 61, said about his rituals of watching the energetic students in the lunchroom or getting on the bus.
Largo, currently the longest-serving principal at a Sarasota County school, has led the Osprey school for gifted students since August 1988 — nearly a quarter-century.
"That's really almost unheard of," Superintendent Lori White said.
Largo is retiring to take advantage of the state retirement program, known as DROP. He is also ready to spend more time with his family, which includes four children and soon-to-be five grandchildren. He plans to stay in Sarasota and wants to stay active, possibly consulting, said Largo, who competes in triathlons and is training for his second marathon in his spare time. The search for Largo's successor is already underway.
The district hopes to hire his replacement this spring as it conducts a national search, posting advertisements in Education Week magazine and other professional journals. The next principal is expected to start July 1 and earn $99,507 to $117,419, depending on the level of experience, according to the district. Largo is paid $117,419 a year. When Largo first started, Pine View was a small school, consisting of 70 staff and 847 students on a 5-acre campus.
Now the school sits on a 74-acre site, so large that golf carts are the easiest way to get around. The staff has grown to 209 and there are more than 2,200 students.
Principal of the Year
By any means, Pine View is not a typical school. There is no football or basketball team at Pine View, one of the rare public Florida schools for gifted students.
Nor are there any bells in between classes — too noisy.
Instead, Pine View feels more like a college campus. There is a grassy quad where students are often seen reading and there is a student union, where lunch is served.
Pine View is one of the Top 30 schools in the nation, according to U.S. News & World Report's rankings.
In past years, the school was ranked as high as No. 6.
"He's elevated Pine View," White said, calling Largo a strong administrator experienced in dealing with highly-involved parents and children of diverse ages. Pine View teaches grades 2-12.
Largo, himself, has also won accolades.
He was named the Florida High School Principal of the Year by the National Association of Secondary School Principals in 2004.
When Largo leaves, so will all that institutional knowledge, White said.
Largo said there are concerns about the new leadership at the school, fears typical of any big change.
"It's a sense of anxiety, but really we have a fabulous group of assistant principals," he said.
Last month, the district surveyed 61 Pine View staff, parents and community members.
When asked what qualities they wanted in the new principal, they ranked the most important qualities as someone who is a visionary and diplomatic and personable with students, parents and teachers. Other key traits were open-mindedness and experience in gifted education.
"We want to find the best fit," White said.


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Snyder v. Phelps attracted more press and general public than I have seen in my time covering the Court. Granted, no abortion cases or Presidential elections have come up since I started F1@1F, but even last term's campaign finance and gun rights blockbusters couldn't compete with today's scene.
The upshot, however, is that those cases yielded landmark decisions, while Snyder will bring nothing of the sort. If there's any lesson at all to be gained from this morning's oral argument, it's a reassertion of the truism that bad facts–or, in this case, exceedingly unique facts–make bad law.
The issue in this case is whether the father of a fallen marine may seek damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress against Fred Phelps's Westboro Baptist Church for picketing the soldier's funeral with signs reading, "Fag Troops" and "Thank God for Dead Soldiers."
From these facts, the justices struggled to find a principle upon which they could base their ultimate decision. On the one hand, the Court is loath to carve out new exceptions to speech protected by the First Amendment. Try putting "funeral protests far enough away not to be seen or heard by the mourners" at the end of the famous Chaplinsky dicta from 1942 enumerating unprotected speech: "the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or 'fighting' words." Stands out like, well, a picketer at a funeral.
On the other hand, the justices are human, and what humans, spare the Phelps family, wouldn't sympathize with Al Snyder's suffering? But try as they might, the justices were simply unable to shoehorn the Phelps family's practices, as applied to Matthew Snyder's funeral, into any of the Chaplinsky categories.
Justice Antonin Scalia latched onto the "fighting words" doctrine, only to be systematically disabused of the idea by Margie Phelps, Fred Phelps's daughter and WBC's lead counsel. She not only defied Scalia with the Court's definition of "fighting words" that proved the doctrine inapplicable, but also reminded him that "[n]o element of the tort under which liability attached included fighting words."
Justice Stephen G. Breyer also took his turn, invoking the WBC's speech against Matthew Snyder on its website and on television as something akin to defamation. Sean Summers, Snyder's counsel, went along with Breyer, but Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sonia Sotomayor simultaneously jumped in to remind Summers that defamation–which revolves around a statement's truth or falsity–was not the tort at issue.
Finding no quarter for funeral with pre-existing categories of unprotected speech, Breyer sought refuge in his familiar balancing tests, suggesting ways to allow the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress "to exist but not allow the existence of it to interfere with an important public message where that is a reasonable thing to do."
But Breyer is a lone wolf when it comes to First Amendment pragmatics. Where he seeks to balance interests, the other justices simply want to decide whether the WBC's speech is protected or not.
Justice Alito, the sole dissenter in last year's United States v. Stevens, in which the Court genuflected to the First Amendment in striking down a federal statute criminalizing depictions of animal cruelty, appeared the most willing to deem the funeral protest unprotected. He brought new relevance to the WBC's website, using its attacks on Matthew Snyder as context to rebut the Phelps's argument that the funeral protest was directed towards the nation and not Snyder's family.
Moving on, Alito unloaded a hypothetical on Phelps:
Let's say there is a grandmother who has raised a son who was killed in Afghanistan or in Iraq by an IED. And she goes to visit her son's — her grandson's grave, and she's waiting to take a bus back to her home. And while she's at the bus stop, someone approaches and speaks to her in the most vile terms about her son: He was killed by an IED; do you know what IEDs do? Let me describe it for you, and I am so happy that this happened; I only wish I were there; I only wish that I could have taken pictures of it. And on and on.
Now, is that protected by the First Amendment? There is no false statement involved and it's purely speech.
By the tone of his voice, Alito clearly thought such a diatribe on an old, defenseless woman–"a Quaker, too," by Scalia's surmising–was unprotected. When Phelps proved hypo-proof on that scenario, drawing the justices back to the case's specific facts despite attempts by Chief Justice John G. Roberts and Justice Elena Kagan to recognize a limit to vile speech of some public concern, Alito upped the ante:
Suppose someone believes that African-Americans are inferior, they are inherently inferior, and they are a really a bad influence on this country. And so a person comes up to an African-American and starts berating that person with racial hatred. … That's a matter of public concern?
Phelps said yes, it is, as long as the racist doesn't get "up close and in their grille."
At this point, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy sprang forward, only now sensing the potential for one's self-definition and dignity in the universe being threatened. Noting that "all of us in a pluralistic society have components to our identity; we are Republicans or Democrats, we are Christians or atheists, we are single or married, we are old or young," Kennedy feared that if any of these components are of public concern, there is no limit to the damage the WBC might do to innocent bystanders for the sake of maximum exposure.
Yet for all the doubt the justices expressed towards the WBC's claims of constitutional protection, Snyder's argument simply could not carry the day. Challenged by Justice Kagan to articulate a standard for how to determine which protests "glomming to a private funeral" should or should not fall outside of the First Amendment, Summers could articulate no governing principle. Ultimately, it seemed, Snyder sought not a general rule of law, but rather a Constitutional carve-out for his own grief. Such personalized positions are not the stuff of Supreme Court precedent.
In the end, while Summers faltered, Margie Phelps refused to be pinned down. Her arguments that Snyder himself made his grief of public concern in a statement to the press following Matthew's death–thereby making him fair game for a protest on the nation's tolerance of homosexuality, which was staged 1000 feet away and out of his ear- and eyeshot so to comply with local ordinances–were too solid for anyone committed to robust free speech principles to deny.
Should the Court, as appears likely, hold its nose and side with the Phelps's, then this case will stand for a principle older than the First Amendment and our Constitution itself: it's always good to have a lawyer–or sixteen lawyers–in the family.
3 Responses
[…] Law Prof Blog, Associated Press (via the First Amendment Center), Washington Times, CNN, First One @ One First, PBS, and the York Daily Record, which has closely followed this local story. The transcript is […]
[…] Mike Sacks reports over at First One @ One First, the press and general public seeking entrance to yesterday's oral arguments in the case, Snyder […]
[…] I met Ryan on the Supreme Court sidewalk before the first day of the term, where he gave me a preview of this study as we paced in front of the Court trying to keep warm. He stayed in line for the rest of that first week and later, in a post for F1@1F, reflected on his night with the crowd for Snyder v. Phelps. […]


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What we do & Why we do it
Contributing to a scientifically literate society
Education is a fundamental part of the mandate of ESA. The Agency is conscious that it can play a significant role in contributing to a scientifically literate and aware society, and that it has both a responsibility and a vested interest in doing so.
Space for Europe
The International Space Station (ISS) Education Programme makes use of human spaceflight, and ISS, as a means to capture the attention and the interest of students, to attract them to study, in particular, scientific and technical disciplines, and to appreciate and understand the benefits, challenges, and importance of space for Europe.
Educational products
We focus on providing a range of educational activities and material for primary, secondary, and university students, and their teachers. This includes the development and dissemination of teaching material, as well as supporting student experiments to be executed on board the ISS and other spacecraft.
The work of the ISS Education Programme is supported by the ISS Education Fund, as well as by ESA.


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Readers can be divided mostly into two categories, and a smaller number into a third. There are readers who choose, read and enjoy books for the story, the plot, what the whole thing is about; get caught up in it and stay hooked to the very end, enjoying the entire tale. Then there are readers who pick and read books for characters, for unique people they become fascinated in reading about, knowing that they drive the story and keep reading to find out where and how the characters will end up.
And then there are the readers that enjoy books for both character and story equally. But we're not going to talk about that contingent today. Today we're focusing on those readers who look for books that are character-driven. They are the type of people who study and seek out people interacting in their lives, and relish reading about it on the page, seeing what makes people tick, how they will act and react in certain situations, and how when two or more are brought together in a specific situation, what exactly will happen.
Unsurprisingly, there are writers like this too; likely because they are these same types of people. It is people they like to write about, and not so much the story, as they let their characters drive said story, not always certain where they are going to take it, but always excited about the ride. Two particular authors who do this and do this very well, as shown by their international bestsellerdom, are Haruki Murakami and John Irving.
Haruki Murakami is a massive author celebrity in his native Japan, as well as around the world. Perhaps best known for one of his early works, Norwegian Wood, many of his other books have gone on to become just as popular, such as The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, Kafka on the Shore, and most recently with his epic three-volume tome, 1Q84.
When one picks up a Murakami book — whether it be a novel or short story collection — one knows they are in for a real treat, as the story will be unique and fascinating and certain to be one wild ride, but it is all due to the characters. Murakami begins with a character, a type of person you likely haven't met before, with an interesting life, that immediately draws you into the story, and it is the choices and decisions that this character makes that drives the story.
You may be saying: well this is true for all stories, that characters makes choices and the story moves forward, but they key is whether an event happens in a story that forces a character to make a decision, or whether the character makes a decision that then forces an event in the story.
With Murakami it's always about the character making that decision or choice that forces the event and moves the story along.
The same can be said for John Irving.
Irving is perhaps best known for his bestselling novel, The Cider House Rules (as well as the popular movie adaptation), but has written many books that have become just as big, including The World According to Garp The Hotel New Hampshire, and A Prayer for Owen Meany. His most recent book is In One Person.
While Murakami may perhaps be best known for having fascinating individual characters with each of his books, Irving is the master of the all star cast of special people.
To say that Irving's characters are flawed characters is putting it extremely lightly for his books; everyone has some sort of problem, but it is because of this that the characters make the choices that they do that further the plot and lead to the next chapter. And this is what Irving's readers enjoy most about his books, as they look forward to seeing where these characters' choices will lead them.
Nobody in this world is perfect, and so when we read about flawed characters, we perhaps can see a little of ourselves in them and are therefore fascinated in seeing where they end up.
Writers or books aren't better for being plot-driven or character-driven, and readers shouldn't think otherwise. Everyone is different; which is why there are many different types of writers and many different types of readers in the world. Character-driven stories and books will continue to be written by authors like Haruki Murakami, John Irving and many others; and there will continue to be many readers for these types of works who receive great entertainment in reading about what happens to a character when they make a specific choice or decision.


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Product FAQs
How do I create a video wall with my ST12MHDLANU?
To create a video wall with ST12MHDLANU, do the following:
- Obtain the StarTech.com Video Switching & Wall Control app from the Google Play™ store or the App Store.
- Use multiple receivers (for example, ST12MHDLANUR) in conjunction with multiple transmitters to create the video wall.
- Use a wireless network infrastructure (for example, a wireless access point) in conjunction with a managed switch.
- Make sure that your mobile device is connected to the same network as the ST12MHDLANU.
Note: The video wall cannot be created with switches that are not managed. For more information about why a managed switch is required, visit http://www.startech.com/faq/video_extenders_st12mhdlan_video_wall_network_requirements. A layer two managed Gigabit Ethernet switch (IES101002SFP) is recommended for use in video wall setups.
The following example describes how to create a 2 x 2 video wall that uses two video inputs. The information contained in the example can be applied to setups with multiple switches, receivers, and transmitters.
The following is a list of the hardware components used in the example setup:
- Two of the ST12MHDLANU.
- Two of the ST12MHDLANUR.
- One of the IES101002SFP.
- CAT 5e (or greater) Ethernet cables.
- HDMI® cables.
- Four HDMI displays.
- Two HDMI sources (for example, computers).
- A computer that is connected by wired Ethernet.
- A mobile device that is running Android™ or iOS®, and has the StarTech.com Video Switching & Wall Control app installed on it.
Configure the hardware
- Use the Ethernet cables to connect the transmitters and receivers to the IES101002SPF.
- Connect the IES101002SPF to the rest of the network.
- Use the HDMI cables to connect the receivers to the displays.
- Use the HDMI cables to connect the HDMI sources to the transmitters.
- Set the thumbwheel to A on one transmitter.
- Set the thumbwheel to A on all of the receivers.
- Set the thumbwheel to B on the remaining transmitter.
When all of the units are powered on and the HDMI sources are transmitting video, there should be mirrored images from source A displayed on the monitors.
Configure the switch
Note: The following instructions are based on the default configuration for the IES101002SFP switch.
To access the configuration settings for the switch, complete the following:
- Use an Ethernet cable to connect a computer to one of the ports.
- Make sure that your computer's network adapter is on the same network as the network switch (by default, 192.168.2.XXX). For more information on how to change your IP address, refer to the following FAQ: https://www.startech.com/support/faqs/technical-support?topic=networking#ip-address-change-windows-mac-os.
To configure the IGMP on the switch, complete the following:
- Use your web browser to navigate to 192.168.2.1. The default login is Username = admin, Password = [blank].
- To access the IGMP Snooping Configuration screen, click Configuration > IPMC > IGMP Snooping > Basic Configuration.
- In the Global Configuration settings, do the following:
- Select the Snooping Enabled check box.
- Select the Unregistered IPMCv4 Flooding Enabled check box.
- In the IGMP SSM Range field, type 220.127.116.11 /8.
- Select the Leave Proxy Enabled check box.
- Select the Proxy Enabled check box.
- In the Port Related Configuration settings, do the following:
- Clear the Router Port check box.
- Select the Fast Leave check box.
- Set Throttling to Unlimited.
- Click Save.
- In IGMP Snooping, click VLAN Configuration.
- Click Add New IGMP VLAN.
- In the VLAN settings, do the following:
- Set the VLAN ID settings to 1.
- Select the Snooping Enabled check box.
- Select the IGMP Querier check box.
- Set the Compatibility to IGMP-Auto.
- Set the RV to 2.
- Set the QI (sec) to 125.
- Set the QRI (0.1 sec) to 100.
- Set the LLQI (0.1 sec) to 10.
- Set the URI (sec) to 1.
- Click Save.
Connect your Android device to the network
To connect to the network for the ST12MHDLANU, you need to connect your mobile device to the 169.254.XXX.XXX network. Depending on the version of the Android operating system that you are running, you many need to manually create a wireless network with a static IP address or assign an IP address for an existing wireless connection.
To connect to the ST12MHDLANU network on a device running Android 5.1.1 (Lollipop) or Cyanogen 12.0, do the following:
- Make sure that the StarTech.com Video Switching & Wall Control app is installed on your device.
- Click Settings > WiFi.
- If you are or were connected to the wireless access point that you want to connect to, select that network and click Forget.
- Select the wireless network, and if required, enter your password.
- Click Advanced Options.
- Change the IP Settings to Static, and enter the following information:
- In the IP Address field, enter 169.254.XXX.XXX where XXX is a number between 2-254.
- Set the Gateway to default.
- Set the Network prefix length to 16.
- Set the Other settings to default.
Connect your iOS device to the network
- Click Settings > WiFi.
- Select the wireless network, and if required, enter your password.
- Click the blue arrow or i next to the network.
- Click the Static tab.
- Change the IP Settings to Static, and enter the following information:
- In the IP Address field, enter 169.254.XXX.XXX where XXX is a number between 2-254.
- Set the Subnet Mask to 255.255.0.0.
- Set the Router to blank or your default gateway.
- Set the DNS to 22.214.171.124.
Configure the video wall
You should now be able to detect two transmitters and four receivers in the Android application. The inputs can be routed and divided between the receivers and the positioning can be changed to achieve the necessary video wall configuration.
You can disconnect the mobile device from the setup and the setup will retain the configuration as long as the video inputs remain turned on.


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Egypt's sudden military-enforced transition from the reign of former President Mohamed Morsi continued on Thursday as Adli Mansour was sworn in as interim president while the security crackdown on Morsi's Muslim Brotherhood deepened with the arrest of most of the Brotherhood's senior leadership.
Mansour, a 67-year-old longtime judge with a previously low public profile, was originally meant to be sworn as new head of the Supreme Constitutional Court on July 1. But that was delayed after massive nationwide anti-Morsi protests on June 30 tipped the country into political crisis, so Thursday's ceremony was turned into a double header.
During the swearing-in, military jets flew in formation over Tahrir Square trailing colored smoke to form an airborne Egyptian flag.
In his subsequent address to the nation, Mansour—who many Egyptians had never heard speak before today—tried to paint the transition as a necessary adjustment to bring Egypt back onto the path set by the January 2011 revolution, which ousted entrenched dictator Hosni Mubarak.
(MORE: Adli Mansour: Egypt's New Interim Leader)
Mansour said he had been given the authority and the mission, "to amend and correct the revolution of the 25th of January 2011."
"The most glorious thing about June 30″—referring to Sunday's massed anti-Morsi protests—"is that it brought together everyone without discrimination or division," he said. "I offer my greetings to the revolutionary people of Egypt." When asked if the Muslim Brotherhood would be included in whatever future coalition government is created, Mansour said, "Nobody will be excluded, and if they respond to the invitation, they will be welcomed."
But that inclusive vision seemed increasingly unlikely on Thursday as the venerable Islamist organization vowed not to recognize or work with the new government. Thousands of Brotherhood supporters remain gathered outside the Rabaa Adaweya Mosque in the Cairo district of Nasr City, and the group announced plans for an indefinite sit-in.
Security forces surrounded the site Wednesday evening; they have made no moves to disperse the estimated 10,000 Brotherhood supporters, and appear to be allowing new people to join. At least 10 people were killed overnight Wednesday in clashes between supporters and opponents of Morsi around the country. The total death toll since the crisis began on June 30 is at least 35 — including 16 in a particularly bloody clash near Cairo University on Tuesday.
Morsi and most of his senior advisers remain detained by the military at an undisclosed location. At least a dozen senior Brotherhood officials have been arrested or detained. No formal charges have been filed. And the public rout of the Brotherhood leadership accelerated further on Thursday with the news that Supreme Guide Mohammed Badea and his deputy Kheirat Al Shater has also been arrested. Badea—the ultimate decision-maker inside the Brotherhood's paramilitary internal structure—was reportedly arrested in the northwest corner of Egypt not far from the Libyan border. Libyan media reported that he was detained in a failed attempted to flee Egypt into Libya.
(MORE: Middle East Reacts to Morsi's Ouster)
The arrest seem certain to deepen the paranoia gripping the Muslim Brotherhood—which, after decades of existence as an oppressed, clandestine movement dramatically rose to power last year. Their sudden overthrow has left them isolated and embittered. Nine cabinet ministers belonging to the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party announced their resignations Thursday in protest over what they labeled an anti-democratic military coup. The Brotherhood also called for mass demonstrations Friday in support of Morsi, but a statement on the group's website asked its cadres, "to show restraint and commitment to peacefulness." But there are already signs that this loss is radicalizing elements of the Morsi support base and driving some to talk openly of violence. On one of Egypt's satellite channels last night, an unnamed man in the Morsi crowd openly told his interviewer: "I tell Al-Sissi: know that you have created a new Taliban and a new al-Qaeda in Egypt … You've created new mujahideen and new martyrs."
The Brotherhood purge is already drawing negative attention in some international circles. Human Rights Watch released a detailed statement decrying, "A return to Mubarak-era practices of mass arrests and politically-motivated imprisonment of Muslim Brotherhood leaders."
(WATCH: Crowds Celebrate Morsi's Departure)
The group also noted that several Brotherhood-affiliated satellite TV stations were taken off the air immediately after Defense Minister Abdel Fatah Al-Sissi announced Morsi's ouster Wednesday night. The Freedom and Justice Party complained on Thursday that its daily newspaper had been prevented from publishing.
Joe Stork, HRW's deputy Middle East director, said, "One test of whether Egypt can return to a path of democratic development will rest on whether the Freedom and Justice Party can operate without political reprisals against its members."
Other international reaction to Morsi's removal was decidedly mixed.
U.S. President Barack Obama announced in a statement that he was "deeply concerned" by the developments and called on the Egyptian military to "move quickly and responsibly to return full authority back to a democratically elected civilian government as soon as possible through an inclusive and transparent process." Obama also called on the military to "to avoid any arbitrary arrests of President Morsi and his supporters."
Washington's concerns have been duly noted (and angrily dismissed) by many of the activist forces that called for Morsi's downfall. Opposition groups here have bristled for months over what they perceived as American support for the Morsi administration and the Brotherhood.
(MORE: Ouster of Egypt's President Puts Obama in Bind on Military Aid)
On Thursday, the daily newspaper Al-Tahrir took the unusual step of printing a front page headline in English that was clearly directed straight at Obama: "It's a Revolution … Not a Coup, Mr. Obama!"
Other foreign governments were far less circumspect.
"This is a major setback for democracy in Egypt. It is urgent that Egypt return as quickly as possible to the constitutional order… there is a real danger that the democratic transition in Egypt will be seriously damaged," said German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle.
Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bekir Bozdag said, "The power change in Egypt was not a result of the will of the people. The change was not in compliance with democracy and law."
And no less an international relations authority than Syrian President Bashar Assad also weighed in on the abrupt downfall of the man who recently severed relations and repeatedly called for Assad's own removal.
"What is happening in Egypt is the fall of what is known as political Islam," Assad said in an interview with Syrian state newspaper Al-Thawra. "After a whole year, reality has become clear to the Egyptian people. The Muslim Brotherhood's performance has helped them see the lies the [movement] used at the start of the popular revolution in Egypt."
Khalil is a Cairo-based journalist and author of Liberation Square: Inside the Egyptian Revolution and the Rebirth of a Nation.
RECAP: As Morsi Languishes in Detention, Egypt Wakes Up to New Interim Leader


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Grades 9-12
That's Not Fair! How Do We Share?
This lesson has students explore a variety of ways to share, particularly when an obvious solution is not apparent.
Anyone who interacts with children has surely heard the phrase, "It's not fair!" This lesson has students explore a variety of ways to share, particularly when an obvious solution is not apparent.
Have the students recall a particular event when they needed to share something with other people (perhaps a birthday party, playgroup, playing with brother or sister). Ask them the following questions:
- When was the last time you had to share something?
- What did you have to share?
- What was hard about sharing it?
- Why did you have to share at all?
In today's activities, you are going to work with your class to come up with ideas about fair ways to share.
|Students' Version
Think and talk with a neighbor about the answers to the following questions:
|In this activity you will work with your classmates to think about what to do when there is not enough of certain goods to go around. You will try different ways of sharing or trading goods, and talk about what makes each way of sharing hard or easy.
Learning Objectives
- Describe scarcity as it relates to limited numbers of goods used in classroom activities.
- Identify choices and the costs of choosing one item over another.
- Describe the difficulty in distributing goods or services to satisfy all wants.
Resource List
Sets of crayons for each table. Sets must be indivisible by the number of students at each table.
Drag and Drop activity: Students can learn to share their crayons here.
Colorful Sharing Activity.
Clifford Coloring Sheet: Coloring sheet students will use in activity one.
Have the students consider the following in a discussion with the whole class:
- How do you decide the best way to share things?
- If you have to divide things up, who should decide how that's done?
Explain that in this lesson the students will work with their classmates on an activity that calls for sharing. In small groups, the students will describe different ways they could make decisions about choosing when it is their turn to select an item. Have each group discuss what's "good and bad" about each choice they have to make. Before they begin, encourage each group to describe how different ways of sharing made them feel by asking these questions:
- How does it feel when you don't get what you want?
- Can you think of a time when this happened?
[Note to teachers: The following two activities are very similar, and they do not need to be done in sequence. Activity 1 is a hands-on activity in which children use concrete materials. Activity 2 is the same activity done in a drag and drop activity, so it is a bit more abstract. Activity 1 can be completed first with Activity 2 completed later in small groups. Alternatively, Activity 2 could be completed first (as a whole class or demonstration activity by the teacher), with Activity 1 done next in small groups. The idea is to provide alternate types of activity to demonstrate the same concept.]
Activity 1
[Note to teachers: The concepts addressed in this lesson have less to do with "sharing" per se than they do with the choices students have to make in order to get what they want. Students will make choices and give up certain things each time it is their turn to select something. Those choices involve opportunity cost – giving up the value of the next preferred option in favor of what is selected. ]
Divide the students into small groups. Provide each group with a set of materials to share at each table. Have the students talk within their groups about the best way to share the materials. Have the students discuss the following questions:
- How can you be sure that everyone gets what he or she wants?
- What happens if there are not enough materials for everyone to have what they want? Share your ideas with the class.
|Students' Version
In your group talk about the best way to share the materials the teacher has given you. Think about the following questions
|After everyone has the necessary materials, click on the girl above for a surprise. Share your ideas with the class.
As the students participate in this activity, it's likely they will have difficulty in coming to resolution. Circulate among your groups to help mediate. Offer suggestions to the students about trading goods, and help them understand that scarcity means there won't be enough of everything for everyone to be satisfied. Encourage them to make choices that will satisfy them even if those choices are not the "best" option. After the materials are distributed, have the students click on the girl to get a Clifford picture to color. The goal is to get the children to see that not everyone can get what he or she wants, and to discuss with one another ideas about how to accomplish the task while making as many people happy as possible.
Activity 2
Have the students complete the Flash Activity "Colorful Sharing" with the whole class or in small groups. In the activity, the students take turns selecting crayons from a box. Each person picks one color when it's his or her turn. When each student has taken a turn, have each group discuss possible ways to distribute the last of the crayons. Ask the students:
- Is there a way to be sure everyone gets the colors he or she wants? [No. There is no fair way to satisfy everyone's wants when there is a scarcity of supply.]
- What do you have to do if there are two crayons you want when it is your turn? [You have to give one up. In other words, you have to make a choice: what you give up in making the choice is called your opportunity cost.]
- What would happen if you left the extra crayons in the box, or distributed only the crayons that everyone could agree on? [This one possible model for trying to satisfy all wants, but it is likely that some students would still be disappointed.]
|Students' Version
|Click below the crayons to do an activity with your group. While doing the activity think about the following questions.
Share your ideas with the class.
(This is a repeat of Activity 1. The online interactive task can be done by small groups as a follow-up or as a whole class activity– to provide a precursor to the small group activity. As the students go through both activities, reinforce with them the idea that sharing is difficult, but that coming up with ways of distributing goods, even if not "fair," ensures that the goods do not go to waste.)
As a closure, have the students reflect individually on the following questions:
- What do you have to give up when you have to choose from a limited number of goods?
- Is there a fair way to share all the time?
- How might you share differently in the future?
|Students' Version
Now by yourself think about the following questions:
Opportunities for evaluation are interwoven throughout the lesson as teachers interact, question, and observe the students. There are many chances to check for understanding as the lesson unfolds. Be sure to reinforce the three primary objectives of the lesson by discussing satisfaction and advantages/disadvantages of the various methods students try using for distribution.
Related Resources
Grades 9-12
The Mystery of the Voters Who Don't Vote
Grades 9-12
A Virtual Tour of the Labor Market: Preparing Students for Entry
Presenter: Tawni Hunt-Ferrarini
Grades K-2, 3-5


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Beat The Teacher
Objective: lesson revision
If you tutor a student one on one then this game is perfect for revision of your previous lessons, as well as finding out how much the student may already know. It's a form of Naughts and Crosses or as the Americans would call it - Tick Tack Toe.
Before your lesson write down as many questions that you can think of to ask your student and number them 1 to whatever.
- What is the simple past tense word for Run?
- What is an Abstract noun?
- etc...
Ask your student to draw the nine squared naughts and crosses grid by overlapping two horizontal and two vertical lines.
| | | | -------|-------|------- | | | | -------|-------|------- | | | |
Let's say, you thought of 60 questions to ask your student. Ask your student to write down on a piece of paper the numbers 1 to 60.
The student first chooses a number from their list of numbers. Let's say for example, the student chooses number 3, then question number 3 on your question list is the question you will ask them. Note: after the student chooses a number they have to mark it off their list, so that, that question can only be asked once.
You ask the student the question. If they get it right then they get to place their naught or cross, whichever symbol they choose, in whichever square they like on the grid.
But, if the student gets it wrong then the teacher places their symbol in whichever square they like. If the student gives an incorrect answer then don't forget to tell them the correct answer afterwards. The game goes on like this until the winner gets three symbols in a row.
This game is great for the teacher because it gives them an idea of how much the student has retained from previous lessons, and also, what they already know. My student likes playing this game because she beats this teacher - a lot!Contributed by: Tom


text:
|Various elegant styles of houses line the banks of streams
originating at the renowned Nang Rong Waterfall, in the refreshing
embrace of mountains, evergreen forests, rock gardens, bird park and
At Sida Resort, nature is yours to relish, along with a great variety of delicious cuisines for all sizes of parties and conferences every season of the year.
Full happiness-enhancing facilities are here for every family member to enjoy complete relaxation and leisure. These include mini-golf course, large swimming pool, Thai massage, sauna, health garden, snooker hall, karaoke room, etc.
For guests with the adventurous at heart, there are wildlife viewing trip in Khao Yai National Park, rafting and kayak along the Nang Rong Waterfall through various canyons; horse-riding, mountain bike, ect. for you to enjoy.
Deluxe Room
No. of rooms: 150
A luxurious room for two guests who want a simple feeling and a luxury as a hotel. It is fully equipped with many all conveniences and securities during your stay. You will be relaxed with a fantastic nature of Nangrong waterfall. This waterfall flows through various types of nature. Sida resort offers you a wonderful scenery and atmosphere , you just look through the window of your room.
New Deluxe Room
No. of rooms: 48
This room is designed for guest who love a simple and luxury of contemporary decoration with full convenient facilities. The room is suitable for two people and also guest will be relaxed with fantastic nature of the stream from Nangrong waterfall.
Executive Room
No. of rooms: 26
This room is fully equipped for you and your partner who love Thai style with the convenience and comfort in European style. Just open the curtain of your room, you can easily touch and experience a happiness and relaxation in the midst of nature.
New Executive Room
No. of rooms: 77
This room is fully equipped for you and your partner who love Thai style with the convenience and comfort in European style. Just open the curtain of your room, you can easily touch and experience a happiness and relaxation in the midst of nature.
Rimtarn House
No. of rooms: 22
This house is suitable for four guests, and there are two bed rooms and two bathrooms with all facilities. For example, an air - condition, a television, a refrigerator, a radiator etc. with a comfortable living room. If you look through the balcony of the back of the house which is close to the stream.
Sida Townhouse
No. of rooms: 27
The air-conditioned one storey and a half guesthouse is for eight guests. The house is designed in a European style with all convenient facilities. The house with balcony for the visitors to look at the beautiful front view naturally including the well decorated garden and a small stream that is well designed inside the house. This guesthouse is divided into two stories, and it is suitable for four guests in each storey.
Sida Resort Hotel offers
a wide variety of outdoor and indoor sports and leisure activities.


text:
20' x 30' West Coast Frame Tent Top - White
These replacement 20' x 30' West Coast Frame Party Tent Tops are designed to replace your old, worn out and damaged party tent tops. Our West Coast Frame Tent Tops are constructed from our finest 16oz commercial-grade blockout PVC vinyl and are meant to withstand the rigors of constant set up and tear down that can happen over the course of a busy rental season. With proper care and maintenance, these durable tent tops are going to have the kind of longevity that puts other available options on the market to shame.
These single-piece vinyl tent tops are made with a material that is resistant to mold, mildew, tears and flame while being 100% waterproof. Additionally, all panels have been bonded with 1 inch heat-sealed overlapping seams to ensure the utmost durability and strength. With heavy duty aluminum reinforcement plates on the inside and outside for support, its no wonder why these tent tops are some of the best available today.
These tent tops have scalloped valances that are bonded with vinyl binding and have sidewall ropes permanently attached, should you ever want to add sidewalls to your tent (sidewalls sold separately).
Please note: This listing is for only the single piece tent top. Complete tent or tent poles are sold separately.
- One-Piece Top
- Our best quality, 16 oz Block-out Vinyl
- 100% Waterproof
- Heavy duty aluminum reinforcement plates on the interior and exterior put our tents ahead of the competition
- Tops are made with mildew resistant, flame retardant material
- Reinforced aluminum plates sewn into top all points for heavy-duty installation
- All panels are bonded with 1" heat sealed overlapped seams
- Scalloped valances bond with vinyl binding
- Guy ropes and jump ropes are spliced in at each pole location
- Side curtain rope line is replaceable if needed
- 2" Vinyl webbing reinforcements to and from all poles
- Detailed installation instructions are sewn into tent top storage bag
Safety: We only sell or distribute tent tops that use a fire resistant vinyl meeting or exceeding the National Fire Protection Association's fire resistant standards.
|Product Condition
|Product Weight
|Shipping Method
|Parcel (Ground)
|Commercial Grade?
|Compatible Tent Usage
|Premium West Coast Frame Tent
|Tent Components Included
|Tent Top only
|Tent Top Piece Count
|One Piece
|20' x 30'
|Tent Width
|Tent Area
|600 sq ft
|Frame/Pole Material
|Anodized Aluminum
|Custom Printing Available?
|Top Material
|16oz PVC Vinyl
|Fabric Translucency
|Water Repellency
|Mold and Mildew Resistant
|Flame Resistant
|Minimum Persons Required for Setup
|Tent Frame Type
|West Coast Frame
|UPC Number
Your order will ship either parcel or freight. If your order ships freight, it is ineligible for expedited shipping. A commercial address must be provided at checkout. Additional fees may apply to freight orders delivered to residential addresses or requiring liftgate delivery. If you are ordering a product considered hazardous like adhesive, your order is NOT eligible for express service. Products that individually qualify for parcel shipping may also go freight depending on quantity and other products in your order. YOU MUST PROVIDE A VALID PHONE NUMBER AT CHECKOUT OR YOUR SHIPMENT MAY BE DELAYED OR CANCELED. For more information, see our Full Shipping Information and Shipping FAQs here


text:
A little steep?
Twenty-eight, twenty-seven, twenty-six... I'm counting the days till graduation. Not because I'll be walking down the Lawn, mind you, but because that's when the students exit and Charlottesville gets a lot more livable.
But the annual exodus can be a headache if you're a student hoping to sublet your apartment over the summer. Lytle Wurtzel, a Cavalier Daily columnist, recently wrote about how frustrating the process can be; unfortunately, her entertaining account ran under another columnist's byline. Ouch!
Wurtzel, who rents from Woodard Properties, was chagrined to learn that even if she and her roommate found their own subtenants, Woodard would charge them $100 each to cover such administrative chores as processing the new tenants' applications, updating computer and paper files, and transferring parking decals. Wurtzel says a Woodard employee conceded that the fee was a "little steep."
Wurtzel jabbed back in her column: "A little steep? Observatory Hill is a little steep. This was a 90-degree angle."
Wurtzel objected, and the Woodard employee said she'd bring it up at their next staff meeting and Wurtzel left, assuming nothing would change.
She was wrong. The staff voted to halve the fee, to $50 per person. When I talked with property manager Joy Waring, she explained that the $50 fee applies no matter who finds the subtenants, the current residents or Woodard. However, if neither party is successful in filling the apartment, the fee is waived (but the lease, alas, continues in force).
I called three of the other property-management companies that rent largely to students, and found a pretty wide spectrum of policies. Of the four— Woodard, Wade Apartments, CBS Rentals, and U Heights— Wade is the most expensive. They charge a $100-per-person fee if the tenant finds the subtenant; they charge a full month's rent if the tenant asks Wade to do the work (but, again, if either side is unsuccessful, the fee goes away).
U Heights is next down on the price ladder; they simply charge a $25 application fee and require that the applicant meet U Heights' residents' qualifications. CBS Rentals charges nothing, only asking that tenants notify them of the changeover.
The moral, obviously, is to pin down the company's subletting policy before you sign a lease, and factor that in along with more obvious features, such as location and price. Or as Wetzel puts it: "While you may not have missed the part about 'free parking' and 'DSL included,' it's possible the sublet terms and fees remained hidden in the dense legal-ease of the rental contract."
This subject, the lessor-lessee relationship, is one that's long been close to my heart: Last August, after 27 years as a renter, I turned into a homeowner— and a landlady to boot. That's because I bought the over-under duplex where I'd been the "under" tenant for seven years. It's been illuminating; I now understand why landlords foam at the mouth when tenants think they can use the security deposit as their last month's rent.
But I also know that my tenants are my customers, and I want them to enjoy their time as much as possible. So far, so good; I can only hope that next year's tenants are as terrific as the current ones.
How would it be, I wondered, to manage hundreds of apartments instead of just one? I asked Melinda Sites, property manager at Wade Apartments, what kinds of headaches they have when tenants move out, and she answered that the biggest is when tenants leave behind items they don't want: trash, clothing, furniture, you name it.
Legally, the landlord has to store such items for 10 days; they also have to notify the former tenant that their property will be destroyed if not claimed. And, of course, labor and storage costs come out of the security deposit.
If you're thinking of leaving stuff behind, save yourself money and your landlord a lot of exasperation and call the city or county for a large trash pick-up. There are a few strings attached, such as fitting yourself into their schedule instead of the reverse, but it's a small price to pay— and the right thing to do.
Do you have a consumer problem or question? Email the Fearless Consumer or write her at 100 Second Street NW, 22902.


text:
NASA's Space Shuttle was conceived in the late 1960s as a fully reusable transport for reducing the cost of Earth-orbiting space station logistics resupply and crew rotation. In 1969, it came to be seen as an element in an expansive Integrated Program Plan that would also have included upgraded expendable Saturn V rockets, reusable manned Space Tugs and nuclear-propulsion cislunar Shuttles, Earth-orbital and lunar-orbital space stations, a lunar surface base, and manned Mars expeditions - all by the mid-1980s. This vision of America's future in space found little favor in the Nixon White House or in Congress, however. By 1973, only the Space Shuttle survived, and then only in a partially reusable form.
For a time the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) sought to provide NASA with a reusable Space Tug that would reach low-Earth orbit in the Shuttle Orbiter's payload bay and travel to orbits that the Shuttle could not reach. In August 1973, however, NASA and ESRO agreed that the latter should develop Spacelab, a system of segmented pressurized modules and unpressurized pallets that would operate in the Orbiter's payload bay to provide an interim sortie space station capability. ESRO joined with the European Launcher Development Organization to form the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1975.
When the semi-reusable Shuttle first reached space in April 1981, NASA anticipated launching Earth-orbiting satellites and planetary probes beyond the Orbiter's operational altitude using a modest flock of expendable auxiliary rocket stages. The largest and most powerful of these would be the Centaur G', a chemical-propulsion stage with a troubled development history. Centaur G' was tapped as NASA's main upper stage for boosting planetary probes - for example, the Galileo Jupiter Orbiter and Probe - onto interplanetary trajectories.
During Shuttle development in the 1970s, NASA budgets were tight, and planning for advanced missions - for example, humans on Mars - ceased within the U.S. civilian space agency. According to some within NASA, talk of moon bases and manned Mars missions was tantamount to professional suicide. When planning for NASA manned Mars missions resumed, it did so first outside of NASA. Mars exploration advocates outside the agency hoped that the Shuttle would inexpensively launch Mars spacecraft components, propellants, and crews, and also serve as a source of hardware that could be modified at modest cost to assemble manned Mars spacecraft.
Robert Parkinson, an engineer with the Propellants, Explosives, and Rocket Motor Establishment (PERME) in Great Britain, was among the first individuals to write about a NASA manned Mars mission based on Shuttle and Shuttle-related hardware. Inspired by the writings of Arthur C. Clarke and Wernher von Braun, Parkinson had joined the British Interplanetary Society in 1956. In a series of papers spanning 1980-1981, he wrote of a capable chemical-propulsion NASA Mars expedition which he dubbed "Mars in 1995!"
Parkinson inventoried Shuttle-derived hardware which he believed would become available by 1990 as part of NASA's planned Earth-orbital operations. His list included a powerful Heavy Lift Vehicle (HLV) capable of launching into low-Earth orbit payloads larger than the Shuttle Orbiter's payload bay could accommodate, drum-shaped high-performance OTVs with optional crew cabins, a Heavy Boost Stage (HBS) roughly the size of the Saturn S-IVB stage NASA used in the late 1960s/early 1970s to launch Apollo spacecraft out of Earth orbit toward the moon, an extendible solar array for generating up to 25 kilowatts of electricity, free-flying Spacelab modules, closed-cycle Space Station life support systems, and androgynous docking units. Development of such systems, Parkinson opined, "probably only awaits freeing of [NASA] funding currently tied up in [the development of] the Shuttle."
Because such systems would already be developed for Earth-orbital operations, Parkinson wrote, a NASA Mars expedition could be carried out in the 1990s with essentially no development cost, save for that of a manned Mars lander. In his first "Mars in 1995!" paper, he placed the cost of his expedition at just $3.3 billion, of which building and testing the manned Mars lander would account for about $740 million. He raised the total cost to $4.844 billion in a subsequent paper, of which $2.359 billion would be spent on the lander. Even this higher cost figure was, he noted, only five times the cost of the twin robotic Viking missions with landed on Mars in 1976. He added that "given the right circumstances, it is actually cheaper to send men [to Mars] than to try to do the same thing with dozens of robot expeditions."
Parkinson's 1995 NASA Mars expedition would begin with eight Space Shuttle launches in September-October 1994. Reflecting early Shuttle-era optimism, Parkinson estimated that each Shuttle launch would cost just $28.75 million. Assembly of the expedition's three unique Orbital Assembly (OA) spacecraft would take place in a 400-kilometer circular Earth orbit. The eighth Shuttle Orbiter would deliver the five-person Mars crew and stand by to observe the beginning of their departure from Earth orbit. In the event of trouble before the beginning of Earth-orbit departure, the Shuttle could recover the crew for return to Earth.
Two OAs, designated Orbiters, would at launch from Earth orbit each comprise an HBS, a pair of 30-ton OTVs (one for Mars orbit capture and one for Mars orbit departure & Earth-orbit capture), a Spacelab-derived pressurized module with an unpressurized pallet, and an androgynous docking unit. The Spacelab-derived module would provide living and working space for the crew, as well as protection from the six solar flares Parkinson said the crew could expect during their 18-month expedition.
Orbiter 1, with a mass at launch from Earth orbit of 211,312 kilograms and a crew of three, would also include a six-meter-diameter high-gain radio dish antenna for high-data-rate communication with Earth and two 2.5-meter-diameter Venus atmosphere entry probes. Orbiter 2, with a mass of 210,947 kilograms and a crew of two, would include a 1750-kilogram cylindrical docking module with four androgynous docking ports and two extendible solar arrays. Either Orbiter could support the entire crew in an emergency.
The third OA, the unmanned Lander Assembly (LA), would have a mass at launch of only 193,482 kilograms. In addition to an HBS, it would comprise one OTV with a three-meter-diameter crew cabin and an androgynous docking unit, a drum-shaped stores module with supplies for the expedition's outbound leg and androgynous docking units at both ends, three 1225-kilogram automated Mars sample return landers, a 938-kilogram propulsion package that would enable one of the Mars sample returners to reach and return from a martian polar cap, six 31-kilogram penetrator Mars hard-landers, a 473-kilogram Mars-orbiting radio relay satellite to enable Mission Control on Earth to remain in continuous contact with the crew on the surface of Mars, and the 7.6-meter-diameter, 15,983-kilogram Lander Module.
On 8 November 1994, the three OAs would ignite their HBS engines to begin Earth-orbit departure. Over the course of several revolutions about the Earth, they would fire the HBS rocket motors at their periapsis (orbit low point) to raise their apoapsis (orbit high point). In the image at the top of this post, OA 2, with its docking module and folded solar arrays, and unmanned OA 3, with the Lander Module, are viewed through a porthole on OA 1 as the three spacecraft ignite their engines. A maneuver at final apoapsis would adjust the plane of the expedition's path to Mars relative to the Sun, then a final periapsis burn would push the three OAs out of Earth's gravitational grip.
After escape from Earth, the three OAs would cast off their spent HBSs and dock to form their cruise configuration. Orbiter 1 and Orbiter 2 would dock nose-to-nose with the docking module between them. The LA OTV/crew cabin would undock from the stores module/Lander Module, then the former would dock at one lateral docking module port and the latter would dock at the other. Following the last docking, the five astronauts would have available 1125 cubic meters of living space. They would then extend the twin solar arrays on the docking module.
The OAs would reach Mars on 10 June 1995. Shortly before arrival, the crew would retract the solar arrays to protect them from deceleration stress during the Mars capture maneuver. Orbiter 1 would undock from the Orbiter 2 docking module, and the LA OTV/crew cabin and stores module/Lander Module would both undock from the Orbiter 2 docking module and redock with each other. The three OAs would then ignite their OTV engines to slow down so that Mars's gravity could capture them into a 23,678-by-3748-kilometer orbit with a period of 13.5 hours. The high elliptical orbit was a propellant-saving measure; relatively loosely bound to Mars, it would enable an economical Mars escape when time came to return to Earth.
The two Orbiters would cast off their spent Mars orbit insertion OTVs and redock to form their Mars orbital configuration. The LA would split as before so that its components could resume their places on the docking module. Because the LA would be less massive than the two Orbiters, its OTV would retain about 7000 kilograms of nitrogen tetroxide/hydrazine propellants after its Mars orbit insertion burn and would not be cast off.
After surveying prospective landing sites from orbit at periapsis over several days, the conical Lander Module would be readied for descent to Mars's surface. Three astronauts would strap into couches in its cramped ascent module capsule and undock from the stores module. At apoapsis, they would fire the Lander Module's Reaction Control System thrusters to lower its periapsis to 50 kilometers, where Mars atmosphere entry would begin. A bowl-shaped heat shield modeled on the Viking lander aeroshell heat shield design would protect the Lander Module during its fiery descent through the thin martian atmosphere.
The Lander Module would slow to Mach 2.5 by the time it fell to an altitude of 10 kilometers, then a 20-meter-diameter ballute ("balloon-parachute") would deploy to slow it to subsonic speed. Five kilometers above Mars the ballute would separate and a parachute would deploy. At the same time, the Lander Module heat shield would fall away, exposing its four landing engine clusters and three landing legs. A downward-pointing camera would enable the Lander Module pilot to observe the planned landing site for the first time since leaving Mars orbit. The landing engines would ignite 800 meters above Mars; then, moments later, the parachute would separate. The pilot would then guide his craft to a safe landing.
Parkinson's Lander Module design, which resembled conical lander designs put forward in the 1960s, included in its lower section a two-by-three-meter crew cabin. Soon after landing, the crew would climb down through a tunnel into the cabin and don Mars surface suits. After depressurizing the crew cabin, they would open a door-like hatch, walk down a short ramp, and put the first human bootprints on another planet.
Parkinson called for a 20-day Mars surface stay, during which the three astronauts would explore using 500 kilograms of science equipment and a 500-kilogram unpressurized rover more capable than the Lunar Roving Vehicle used during the last three Apollo missions. As they explored, they would collect up to 350 kilograms of Mars rocks and dirt for return to laboratories on Earth.
The two astronauts on board the orbiting docked OAs, meanwhile, would deploy the mission's cargo of automated Mars probes. The 2.5-meter-diameter automated sample returners would each collect and launch up to a kilogram of rock and soil (or ice, in the case of the polar sample returner) into a 350-kilometer circular Mars orbit.
When the time came to leave Mars's surface, the three astronauts would board the Lander Module ascent capsule and ignite three engines similar to the Apollo Lunar Module ascent-stage engine. The ascent capsule would blast free of the Lander's lower section, leaving behind the crew cabin. During the first-stage burn, four strap-on propellant tanks would feed the three engines. After first-stage shutdown, the tanks and two outer engines would detach; then, after a brief coast, the remaining engine would reignite to place the ascent capsule into a 350-kilometer circular Mars orbit.
As the docked OAs neared apoapsis, one astronaut would board the LA OTV/crew cabin and undock from the docking module, then ignite the LA OTV rocket engine to descend to a rendezvous with the Lander Module ascent capsule. The ascent capsule would include a low-mass ("skeleton") version of the expedition's standard androgynous docking unit. The LA OTV/crew cabin would dock with the ascent capsule, then the surface crew would transfer to it with their Mars samples. After the ascent capsule was cast off, the LA OTV/crew cabin would rendezvous with and recover the three sample returner sample capsules. The LA OTV/crew cabin pilot would then fire its engine to return to the OAs. Parkinson calculated that, even after this series of maneuvers, the LA OTV/crew cabin would retain enough propellants for two astronauts to carry out a 10-day sortie to Phobos, Mars's innermost and largest moon.
On 25 July 1995, the expedition would depart Mars orbit. Before departure, the astronauts would cast off the LA OTV/crew cabin and depleted stores module, retract the twin solar arrays, and undock Orbiter 1 from Orbiter 2. Each would then ignite its remaining OTV engine at periapsis to escape Mars orbit and begin a five-month journey to Venus. After OTV shutdown, the crew would redock the two Orbiters and extend the solar arrays.
The Venus detour, Parkinson explained, would accelerate the docked Orbiters toward Earth. Without the gravity-assist from Venus, the round-trip Mars voyage would need three years; with it, the Mars expedition could be completed in 18 months. During the Venus swingby, the crew would deploy the twin Venus probes housed in Orbiter 1. These would be modeled on the Large Probe from the 1978 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe mission.
NASA's first Mars expedition would return to Earth 10 months after departing Mars, on 16 May 1996. The astronauts would again undock the OAs and retract Orbiter 2's twin solar arrays. They would ignite the OTV engines for the final time to capture into a 77,687-by-6800-kilometer Earth orbit with a period of 24 hours, then would redock for the final time and extend the solar arrays to await retrieval.
A Space Shuttle Orbiter, meanwhile, would transport into low-Earth orbit an OTV/crew cabin, which would climb to a rendezvous with the waiting OAs and dock with the docking module. The Mars crew would board with their samples, then the OTV/crew cabin pilot would undock and fire its motor to return to the waiting Shuttle Orbiter. The abandoned docked OAs would remain in Earth orbit as a long-lived monument to the early days of U.S. piloted Solar System exploration. The Shuttle Orbiter would deorbit to deliver the Mars astronauts, physically weakened by nearly 18 months in weightlessness, to a hero's welcome on Earth.
NASA human spaceflight would follow a path very different from those Parkinson and other optimistic early 1980s space planners anticipated, though until early 1986 they had some justification for holding onto their dreams. In July 1982, President Ronald Reagan declared the Shuttle operational. The first Spacelab flight, STS-9/Spacelab-1 in late 1983, saw an ESA astronaut join American astronauts in Earth orbit for the first time. In his January 1984 State of the Union speech, Reagan declared for a Space Station and invited European, Canadian, and Japanese participation. The Shuttle-launched station was to be completed by 1994.
Reagan's station was, however, meant to be a relatively low-cost laboratory. Such an orbital facility would have no need of the heavy-lift rockets, large in-space stages, and OTVs Parkinson had assumed would become available by 1990. NASA hoped that the lab station might be designed as a foot in the door leading eventually to a more ambitious and costly shipyard station, but the January 1986 Challenger accident meant that such schemes came under close scrutiny and were found wanting. At the same time, systems such as the Centaur-G' stage were judged to be too volatile to carry on board a piloted spacecraft, reducing planned Shuttle utility.
The cost of Shuttle operations was also a major factor in the death of early 1980s Mars plans. The Nixon Administration had made decisions that ensured a low Shuttle development cost and high operations costs. NASA, a part of the Executive Branch, felt obligated despite this to continue to tout Shuttle economy. The U.S. space agency was cagey about how much it spent on Shuttle missions; for a time, a figure of $110 million per flight was used in Shuttle payload cost calculations. Independent cost estimates placed the per-flight cost of the Shuttle at up to $1.5 billion; even assuming that the true cost was "only" $1 billion per flight, the Earth-to-orbit transportation cost of Parkinson's Mars expedition alone would have reached $9 billion, or about double the highest cost estimate for his entire expedition.
Images in this post are © David A. Hardy/www.astroart.org. Used by permission.
"Is Nuclear Propulsion Necessary? (or Mars in 1995!)," AIAA-80-1234, R. Parkinson; paper presented at the AIAA/SAE/ASME 16th Joint Propulsion Conference in Hartford, Connecticut, 30 June-2 July 1980.
"Mars in 1995!" R. Parkinson, Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, June 1981, pp. 38-49.
"A Manned Mars Mission for 1995," R. Parkinson, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, October 1981, pp. 411-424.
"Mars in 1995!" R. Parkinson, Spaceflight, November 1981, pp. 307-312.


text:
|Sesame Street
|Abby's Tricycle
|Air date
|January 29, 2010
|Season 40 (2009-2010)
|Written by
|Judy Freudberg and Molly Boylan
|What's the Word on the Street?: Spectacular
|Elmo and the kids come riding out of the arbor on their tricycles and Elmo finds Abby with a tricycle over her own, ready to ride, but she needs lessons first. Elmo recommends Gordon, who taught him how to ride with great results. Abby waves her wand to summon Gordon, who happens to be taking a bath at the time and appears, bathtub and all. Gordon promises to teach her, just as soon as she lets him finish his bath back in his apartment.
|SCENE cont'd
|While they wait for Gordon, they try getting their minds off of tricycles. They try thinking of marshmallows, but their minds go back to tricycles when a boy passes by on one They then think of elephants, until Horatio rolls by on his tricycle.
|SCENE cont'd
|Gordon finally comes out to help, but Abby floats up in the air in excitement. She drops back to her seat, but faces the wrong way on the bike, so Gordon shows her the front and back of the tricycle. After she adjusts herself, Gordon gets her feet on the pedals and tells her to put her hands on the handlebars. However, since she's holding her wand, she can only use one hand. Gordon and Elmo show her the basket, where she could keep her wand while she rides.
|SCENE cont'd
|Next, Gordon shows her how to steer. Elmo jumps the gun and begins riding away, hoping Abby will follow, but she still hasn't finished her lesson. He explains how to peddle, but she can't seem to do it. Gordon helps push her, then lets go without her knowing. When she realizes this, her trike lifts off the ground and begins flying all over the street. Once she lands, Elmo and Abby ride down the street together singing a song.
|Muppets / Celebrity
|Judah Friedlander describes the word "spectacular", which happens to be on his hat. Telly come by and thinks his hat is spectacular, earning him a chance to wear it.
|Murray announces Abby's Flying Fairy School is coming up, but first, he asks the citizens of New York City to "Bring Out Your M."
|M for Music: A dog finds various quartets play Ludwig van Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5."
| Murray and Navin introduce Abby's Flying Fairy School.
(First: Episode 4188)
|Muppets / Animation
| Abby's Flying Fairy School
Abby and Gonnigan work on their magic macaroni art. Blogg uses magic to create a life-size Macaroni dinosaur. With a touch of "The Spice of Life", he brings his creation to life. However, it begins wreaking havoc all over the class room, wrecking everything. They try various methods of stopping it, including making a Macaroni stop sign, but to no avail. Mrs. Sparklenose suggests they "Spot the solution." They call on Spot, who shows them things that are humongous. They get the idea they need something big to stop him. A large wall doesn't work for them, however. Blogg comes up with a giant meatball, which the Macaronisaurus begins playing with. Everyone cheers, while the giant meatball pins Blogg to the floor.
(First: Episode 4207)
| Kevin Clash sings "The Pasta Song."
(First: Episode 3137)
|Murray announces it's almost time for school with him and his little lamb, but first, he counts 3 of things.
| An animated farmer and woodworker sings "Three is My Favorite Number."
(First: Episode 4096)
| Murray and the kids introduce "Murray Has a Little Lamb".
(First: Episode 4191)
| Murray Has a Little Lamb
Murray's lamb, Ovejita, leads him to another secret escuela, with an ice skate as his clue. The school turns out to be Ice Skating School, where Murray learns the basics of skating.
(First: Episode 4176)
"Guessing Game" portion cut, new intro added
| Rhyme Time: Frog and Hog went for a jog. Quail hops and meets a Snail.
Artist: Karen Aqua
(First: Episode 4045)
Shown in widescreen
| Murray announces it's almost time for "Elmo's World". He then plays "Sounds of the Street" and asks the viewer to identify the sounds he hears. He listens to the sound of a garbage truck, an airplane and a penguin on a pogo-stick.
(First: Episode 4198)
|Zoe watches as Abby tries to make a flower appear from Rosita's ear, but instead conjures a penguin, who wishes to be back home. An announcers tells them to "Find That Habitat" and guess where his home is. They each guess a different local, so they go where Zoe suggests: the beach, but the hot climate and sand aren't to the penguin's liking. They go with Abby's idea: the Arctic. They sends themselves there and the penguin rejoices. Abby gives them each winter gear and they slide on the ice.
|Muppets / Animation
| Thomas Twiddlebug is missing a snowshoe (a paper clip), and tries to find it. However, Tina uses the paper clip as a music stand, and Timmy uses it as a backscratcher, and Tessie uses it to mix her batter for a cake. When everything is back to normal, Thomas prepares to go out, only to find that it's a nice sunny summer day.
(First: Episode 4153)
| Murray and Avery introduce "Elmo's World".
(First: Episode 4191)
| Elmo's World: Bicycles
(First: Episode 3969)
|Murray looks at a large screen to announce the sponsors.
- Gordon is seen reading a book called "Dialogue with Dirt" by Solomon Grundy.
- The sandwich board outside Hooper's Store advertises "Loaf of bread / Container of milk / Stick of butter".
- Underscores from "Riding My Tricycle" and "Elmo's Riding" are used throughout the street scene.
|Previous episode:
|Next episode:
|Episode 4209
|Episode 4211
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Marlins consider employing two hitting coaches
New front office looks to make changes to retool offense after down year
MIAMI -- The beginning stages of changes are already under way for the Marlins, who are open to new concepts and ideas as they embark on moving forward.
In recent days, there has been a restructuring of the front office.
Still unresolved is the exact setup of manager Mike Redmond's staff. Major moves are not anticipated, but the team is in the market for a hitting coach or two.
John Pierson, the interim hitting coach after Tino Martinez resigned in late July, will be returning to Miami's Minor League system. Before being called up to the big leagues, Pierson was the organization's field coordinator.
The Marlins finished last in the Majors in most significant hitting categories in 2013, including runs (513), batting average (.231) and home runs (95).
To improve, the organization is open to new ways of doing business.
President of baseball operations Michael Hill said on Sunday that club is weighing the idea of a second hitting coach.
Two hitting instructors is a relatively new trend, but it is already adopted by several teams, including the Cardinals and Phillies.
"We've talked about all of that," Hill said. "You talk about a second hitting coach, it frees up your primary hitting coach to do whatever he needs to do. While someone is working in the cage, there may be a second hitting coach who may be looking at video."
The demands of the hitting coach are so great, because so much of their days is spent in the cages, which takes time away from assisting in breaking down video. With two coaches, one can be in the cage while the other is assisting in other capacities.
The Cardinals also have taken it a step further. John Mabry, their primary hitting coach, is a former big leaguer who batted from the left side. Assistant hitting coach Bengie Molina, an ex-catcher, bats from the right side. So they offer two different perspectives for batters.
"We don't know exactly what all of those changes are going to be, but we're going to do everything in our power to try to make things better," Hill said.
For Miami, 2013 goes down as one of the roughest in franchise history, in terms of losses and run production. The only season in which the club scored fewer runs was 1994, a strike-shortened campaign in which they scored 468 in 115 games.
In terms of home runs, the 1993 team finished with just 94, one fewer than this year's squad.
With a young club, the big league staff is asked to assist in development and instruction, which raises the question of the necessity of a second hitting coach.
"All of that stuff is on the table because we need to make changes to help us win more ballgames," Hill said.