text:
In relation to monetary policy, the objectives of the Bank of England shall be –Compared to the mushy "dual mandate" of the Federal Reserve Act,
(a) to maintain price stability, and
(b) subject to that, to support the economic policy of Her Majesty's Government, including its objectives for growth and employment.
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Open Market Committee shall maintain long run growth of the monetary and credit aggregates commensurate with the economy's long run potential to increase production, so as to promote effectively the goals of maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates.Matthew Yglesias finds the unambiguity of the Bank of England's regime refreshing:
The genius of this is that you now don't need to have monetary policy matters be the subject of debates on op-ed pages and blogs with various board members giving interviews and speeches. If 2 percent inflation is too much inflation, well that's on the heads of the politicians who set the target. If inflation is over 2 percent, then the Bank of England needs to tighten. And if inflation is below 2 percent, then the Bank of England needs to expand. Consequently, when faced with a giant downturn the Bank of England has had none of the self-induced paralysis of the Fed, the ECB, or the Bank of Japan.Yes, but... the Bank of England has been missing its target lately:
like this from its inflation report:
CPI inflation remained well above the 2% target, elevated by temporary effects stemming from higher oil prices, the restoration of the standard rate of VAT to 17.5% and the past depreciation of sterling. And the forthcoming increase in the standard rate of VAT to 20% will add to inflation throughout 2011. As these effects wane, downward pressure on wages and prices from the persistent margin of spare capacity is likely to pull inflation below the target. But the pace and extent of that moderation in inflation are impossible to predict precisely.The FT's Money Supply blog notes that the IMF approves of Britain's current loose monetary/tight fiscal policy mix (see also Free Exchange's comments). But it is not clear that the inflation target has been helpful... indeed, the risk is that, by allowing inflation exceed the target, the Bank of England is damaging the "credibility" that inflation targeting was designed to buy. Considering the circumstances, I'm inclined to believe that's a risk worth taking, it does raise questions about the whole inflation targeting concept.
Inflation targeting is still relatively new. New Zealand was the first country to implement it, in 1988. The current global slump is inflation targeting's first real test, and, after the dust settles it will be interesting to evaluate how it performed.


text:
This Fool Is Not Getting An Invite Back To The White House: Tracy Morgan On Michele Obama!
Tracy Morgan speaking to George Lopez
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
beguile (someone) into (doing something)(redirected from beguiled her into)
beguile (someone) into (doing something)
To entice someone to do what one wants through some form of cunning, trickery, or charm. Oh, I am going to that gala, even if I have to beguile one of my co-workers into taking me. I can't believe that salesman beguiled us into buying such an overpriced appliance.
See also: beguile
beguile someone into something
to charm someone into doing something. You can't beguile me into stealing for you! I beguiled Tom into driving me to the airport.
See also: beguile


text:
Long Beach set to break ground on boardwalk
The timetable for the construction of the new Long Beach boardwalk is now set: a Saturday morning ground breaking and a completion date in early November.
Superstorm Sandy destroyed the city's 2.2-mile oceanfront boardwalk. The City Council earlier this month awarded a Plainview firm a $44.2-million contract to construct a new, stronger one.
The contract with Grace Industries of Plainview requires it to finish the boardwalk's middle four-fifths of a mile, from Laurelton Boulevard to Long Beach Boulevard, by late July. The outer segments of the boardwalk, which stretch to Neptune Boulevard in the east and New York Avenue in the west, must be finished by mid-October, the contract states. Final touches are due by early November.
"I don't think there's a full recovery until we have a boardwalk," Councilman John C. McLaughlin said. "There's a lot of good that comes from starting in the middle" of the boardwalk.
Some residents have expressed reservations about the project's high cost -- the city originally planned to spend $25 million on the new boardwalk -- but Long Beach officials have said a stronger boardwalk is critical to the city's economic health.
Equally crucial is that Grace Industries adheres to the timetable required by the contract, McLaughlin said.
The new boardwalk will be stronger than the old one because it will be made of resilient tropical wood, representatives from project engineer LiRo of Syosset have said.
City Council president Scott Mandel sent a letter to residents that said 88 percent of survey respondents favored a stronger boardwalk.
"The new boardwalk will be aesthetically appealing and require significantly less maintenance" than its predecessor, Mandel's letter said.
Long Beach officials have said they hope to pay for some of the work with Federal Emergency Management Agency money.
Saturday's ground-breaking ceremony begins at 11 a.m. at the beach at Riverside Boulevard. It is open to the public.
"It's going to be a fun, festive, really good time," said city spokesman Gordon Tepper, adding that about 3,000 people attended a "farewell" for the old boardwalk in January.


text:
Natividad Medical Center must change from an independent safety net hospital to one that provides full-service primary care if it is to survive under national health care reform. That will require both investment and cost-cutting, and likely new partnerships with other health care organizations.
That"s the assessment of a health care consultant hired to help create a strategic plan for the county-owned hospital, particularly with regard to the challenges of an overhauled national health care industry under the Affordable Care Act. Major implementation of the legislation is due to take effect at the start of next year, when all legal residents will be required to have health coverage.
According to Steve Valentine, president of The Camden Group, Natividad will no longer be able to exist solely as a safety net hospital, charged with providing care to the poorest uninsured and underinsured residents, under national reform. Rather, Valentine told a joint meeting of the Board of Supervisors and the Natividad board of trustees on Monday, the hospital must find a way to compete with other area health care organizations for new patients, building its "primary care base."
"The days of just a hospital are really going away," he said. "You really need to be a health system."
National reform legislation"s goal of requiring health coverage for all means hospitals will no longer receive reimbursements for providing care for the poor, Valentine said. At the same time, he said the hospital must cut its operating costs by about 15percent to meet the expected reimbursement levels starting next year.
Natividad"s "Achilles heel," Valentine said, is that it isn"t a full-service primary care provider, and also doesn"t have the kind of infrastructure needed to become an independent and accountable care organization. As a result, he said the hospital will almost certainly need to find a partner or partners, ranging from physician organizations to accountable care organizations and even other hospitals, so it can share both the revenue and the performance risk with a larger organization.
County and hospital officials sought a merger with Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital last year, but it was rejected.
Valentine said the estimated 3.2million uninsured California residents will be able to purchase mandated health insurance plans with required benefits through an exchange dubbed "Covered California," though only about half of those will qualify for federal subsidies to help pay the cost of insurance. The others will either have to figure out a way to pay for insurance or pay a fine.
Valentine said there are concerns that younger, healthier residents will elect to pay the fine rather than purchase insurance, thus falling to offset the increased cost of providing care to older, sicker people.
According to an implementation timeline, health plans will be required to register with the state exchange next month, and plan enrollment is supposed to begin in October.
Valentine compared the new health plans to a public utility, and said they will be expected to consolidate and grow, offering diversified services to develop revenue. He said the Obama administration used Kaiser Permanente as its model for national reform"s goal of moving toward a more coordinated, integrated health system.
He said an "unintended consequence" of national reform has been an increase in health premiums of up to 80percent, rather than a hoped-for decrease, largely due to the expanded health plan benefits required under the legislation, and other factors. He also warned lower reimbursement rates will likely prompt physicians to reject newly insured patients, forcing them into hospital emergency rooms for treatment. And he noted a projected shortage of 52,000 physicians by 2025 due to mass retirement during the next three years and increased demand, and predicted the poor and elderly would be most affected.
Natividad CEO Harry Weis urged the public to weigh in on the strategic plan, which is expected to be complete in four to six weeks at a cost of about $180,000.
Jim Johnson can be reached at email@example.com or 753-6753.


text:
Purple & Pink Ombre Lens Gold Aviator Sunglasses
Browse all deals at Hot Topic
See more in Sunglasses
* This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Hot Topic to confirm actual price & availability.
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text:
Click for sound.
We used to only be able to make and receive calls on cell phones. Then, we started communicating with friends and families using 160 characters or less via text messages.
Nowadays, though, cell phones allow us to take high quality photos, send and receive emails, and surf the web at ridiculous speeds.
The cell phone has become an invaluable tool for most people to get things done in their professional and personal lives, but it's also a device that stores extremely sensitive data and information pertaining to your cyber identity.
Cyber security expert and NYU-Poly professor Nasir Memon tells us why the benefits of owning a cell phone far outweigh the risks, and he also gives us some tips to help prevent your phone from being hacked or infected with malware.


text:
Horror and hard-rock meet head on in Encounter at Raven's Gate. On the eve of hosting a music concert, a tiny Australian town is plagued by a series of unexplained occurrences. Most of these involve electric appliances and the failure of same. Far more disturbing is the suddenly violent behavior of many of the citizens. When the explanation comes, it's every man (and woman) for him(or her)self!
AVI File Details
First attempt at VHS rip - at least its watchable...


text:
Seventh Annual Business of Hip-Hop/Urban Music Symposium
Please see the full events listing for upcoming events.
Presented by Berklee's Professional Education division and the Music Business/Management department, the Seventh Annual Business of Hip-Hop/Urban Music Symposium: The ATLanta Connect will feature Grammy-nominated recording artist Kenny Lattimore; Kim Osorio, editor-in-chief of The Source; as well as industry veterans Shanti Das, Cappriccieo Scates, Mike Trammel, and multiple Grammy-winner Prince Charles Alexander.
In addition to general urban music business practices, this year's symposium will focus on production, multimedia, and artist development skills. The symposium will explore best practices, challenges, and executive development, and will feature a particular focus on the Atlanta and Southern markets.
The evening will begin with a special performance by students in ensembles led by Raydar Ellis, and will close with a Q&A session moderated by Osorio and Trammel. This event will also help to prepare students who may elect to participate in Berklee's annual Atlanta trip, which takes place in March. Additional program updates will be announced on Twitter.


text:
Events for November 15, 2018
Events Search and Views Navigation
5:00 pm
Thursday Nights LIVE @ Swallow Bar
Every Thursday night Swallow Bar hosts an amazing array of local music talent. These gigs are FREE and fabulous! You can expect cheeky jazz, dirty blues, gypsy jazz, bossa nova, honky tonk, and a little country! Artists include Jessie Gordon, John Bannister, Damian Drac Denyer, Michelle Smith Harpist, Lachlan Gear & Fiona Rea, Johnny Matthews, […]Find out more »


text:
12 acre new 10
Published by
I am a deburring and surface finishing specialist, consultant and advisor to SME's [Society of Manufacturing Engineers] Technical Community Network. The focus of my activity is assisting manufacturers and machine shops with reducing their dependence on hand or manual deburring and finishing methods as well as helping them to upgrade the edge and surface finish quality of their parts. I currently work from Colville, WA but I assist clients nation-wide. I can arrange for free sample processing and process development for your challenging deburring and finishing needs and can provide you with either contract finishing services or the in-house capability to produce improved hands-free finishes on precision parts. I can be contacted at my cell: 509.563.9859 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Let me know if I can be helpful. http://dryfinish.wordpress.com https://partsfinished.wordpress.com https://dryfinish.wixsite.com/iso-finish View all posts by dryfinish


text:
SPRINGFIELD – A new bill placed before the Illinois Legislature would let schools opt out of serving as polling places.
State Rep. Jack Franks of Marengo filed the legislation with the support of Comptroller Judy Baar Topinka.
Topinka called the bill "common-sense legislation" that puts kids first, adding government buildings, churches or other options should be used as polling places.
The bill would let school boards determine if schools could be safely opened to voters. School boards would determine if they could enforce normal safety protocol on Election Day. School board officials would then file a written notice with local election officers if they couldn't.
Franks said allowing voters in schools is an unnecessary risk. He said "protecting children from harm is the most fundamental and basic duty of any government."


text:
Bruce Willis talks 'Die Hard,' McClane and film No. 5
- Bruce Willis celebrates 25 years of %27Die Hard%27 and his character%2C John McClane.
- McClane has appeared in five %27Die Hard%27 movies%2C including %27A Good Day to Die Hard%2C%27 opening Thursday
- There%27s a 50-foot mural of McClane on the Fox lot
CENTURY CITY, Calif. — For John McClane, it all started at Nakatomi Plaza.
Twenty-five years ago, Bruce Willis' action character wisecracked his way through a hostage siege at the fictional office building in 1988'sDie Hard. McClane lost his shoes, and his white T-shirt turned black from the many bomb blasts and fireballs he encountered. But in the end, the good guy prevailed and a blockbuster action franchise exploded into pop culture.
"It all started over here," says Willis, looking up at Fox Plaza, the building that filled in for Nakatomi Plaza during the shoots in this L.A. suburb. "It was cold out like now. And I spent a lot of time on that roof."
He recalls that "the filming went by so quickly, not unlike the last 25 years. "We made a great movie out of a building. And there are about seven more (structures) that have been built around it since then."
Much more than the upscale office park neighborhood has changed. Willis, now 57, no longer has the black hair that the younger McClane sported. His fully shaved head now shows small growths of white.
He also has shoes, sporting perfectly shined Pradas along with an immaculately tailored dark suit. But the sense of amazement over what took place after Die Hard wrapped never changed.
"I never gave it much thought. I thought, 'Well, that happened,' " says Willis. "But no one ever knows when a film is going to take off. No one could predict this."
Fueled in part by Willis' instant catchphrase "yippee ki-yay,'' the John McTiernan-directedDie Hard earned $140.8 million worldwide and spawned a franchise that has tallied $1.1 billion. The fifth installment, A Good Day to Die Hard, opens Thursday and features McClane traveling to Russia to aid his grown, estranged son (Jai Courtney) who happens to be a CIA operative.
"Did I think at the time that 25 years later I would still be making these films?" says Willis. "You should call the president of the United States and ask him what's going to happen 25 years from now. No one has any idea."
Fox Studios executives have been so overwhelmed by the Die Hard success that on Jan. 31 they unveiled a fitting anniversary present: a 50-foot-high permanent mural on Stage 8 of the movie lot featuring McClane crawling through the air ducts of Nakatomi Plaza.
As his A Good Day to Die Hard co-stars and two of his daughters with ex-wife Demi Moore — Tallulah Belle, 19, and Rumer, 24 (they have a sister, Scout, 21) — looked on, Willis hit a detonation button that dropped the mural curtain and set off enough fireworks to trigger a symphony of car alarms in the studio's parking garage.
A Good Day to Die Hard director John Moore still stands in awe of the groundbreaking action film.
"Die Hard is in a league all of its own," says Moore. "Bruce was born to be John McClane, and the combination with McTiernan is hall of fame. We're honored to be mentioned in the same paragraph."
Two days later while sitting on a lawn chair at the Four Seasons Hotel, Willis goes from joking about his need for a garden hose to quench his thirst after polishing off a glazed doughnut, to instantly being reflective about the honor.
"I'm sure years from now we'll have a much clearer idea of what you should say," says Willis. "It's just awesome."
Willis also laughs that he had to endure some ribbing from his daughters, who had a number of questions about the mural. "They were cracking up, saying that my eyes are not blue. And they don't remember me with hair. And they were saying, 'You're making that up, right, about the billion dollars?' But they were very nice about it."
The size of the mural is such that "they say you can see it from outer space,'' he says. "The guys in the shuttle are going to be like, 'Is that John McClane down there?' It's like that thing that came from another world."
Willis was very much in another world in 1987 when he and McTiernan shot the movie. At the time, he was the wisecracking star of ABC's private detective comedy Moonlighting alongside Cybill Shepherd, but he found an 11-week window to make his foray into action films.
Willis seamlessly made the transition, bringing his Moonlighting smart talk to the big screen. He insists his "yippee ki-yay'' line was an ad-lib reaction to phone taunting by archvillain Hans Gruber (played with wicked relish by British actor Alan Rickman).
"That was me," says Willis. "I gave my take on Alan Rickman calling me Mr. American Cowboy."
The film immediately established several themes that would continue throughout the franchise — lots of explosions, strong yet dysfunctional family dynamics (starting with McClane's estranged wife being one of the Nakatomi hostages), and a lack of outward emotion, even when it came to leaving a message for his wife in the face of certain peril.
"There was one scene where I thought I'd show just a little whisper of emotion," explains Willis, "and John McTiernan said, 'I don't want that.' "
It all worked, despite some fundamental confusion from the leading man ("I never knew what 'die hard' meant anyways — was it that I was hard-headed?" says Willis). And he has some regrets about the first film, like Gruber falling to his death from the building at the end.
"We shouldn't have killed him off," says Willis. "He was the best bad guy I have ever seen in my life."
But the film's place as an action classic was set immediately, and the box-office hits kept coming. Die Hard 2: Die Harder (1990, with $240 million worldwide) featured Willis trying to save his wife (Bonnie Bedelia) from a terrorist hijacking in Washington, D.C. Die Hard With a Vengeance (1995, with $366 million) had Willis and Samuel L. Jackson trying to stop a bomber in New York City. Live Free or Die Hard (2007, with $383 million) featured Willis fighting Internet terrorists while protecting his grown daughter (Mary Elizabeth Winstead).
Willis was sure the fourth was the final film and said as much. He shakes his head at the thought.
"I was just probably scared or something. I cannot imagine not coming back," says Willis. "You get in these press conferences and it's like OK, here's something I should say, 'I'm never going to do another of these things.' "
He signed onto A Good Day to Die Hard despite, once again, confusion over the meaning of the title.
"I certainly don't understand the title," says Willis deadpanning. "It sounds very Cheyenne Indian. It seems like they have married a few cultures in there. But you can't question. You can't pick it apart too much."
His nonchalance belies a real care for the iconic character. Director Moore says Willis' reputation as being difficult on a set stems from his desire to protect McClane.
"A lot of people want to create mythology about people's difficulty. It's a Hollywood thing. It's prophesied to you about how difficult something is going to be," says Moore. "Bruce is the 'd' word, but it's not 'difficult,' it's 'demanding.' As it should be. When you are Bruce Willis and everything you say can be immediately turned into a T-shirt, he has to be hyper-vigilant."
"This is his legacy. He's difficult in that he works your butt off," says producer Wyck Godfrey. "You gotta respect where it's coming from: It started with him and it's going to end with him. I needed my thick skin on the day I landed in Budapest for the filming.''
While Willis took a jump from a parking structure to an air bag (followed by a real fireball) in the Die Hard original, those days are gone. With 58 approaching next month, Willis admits he leaves much of the dangerous onset stuff to the stuntmen.
"It's a very big science now. It's big business," says Willis. "They always keep it safe, even if it always doesn't look like it's safe."
That's fine by Moore: "We don't ask him to drive the catering truck, either. We ask the stunt guys to play their parts. "
But the sideways smirk is ever-present and the quips are almost as numerous as the explosions in the new film as Willis and Courtney try to intercept a nuclear weapons shipment.
"There always has to be various elements of mayhem, explosions, and it has to be fraught with peril," says Willis.
Recently, the genre itself has been perilous, as ventures by '80s action stars have seen weak box office. Arnold Schwarzenegger's The Last Stand (which opened ninth in January with $6.3 million) and Sylvester Stallone's Bullet to the Head (a $4.5 million opening weekend) both tanked. But Godfrey insists that Willis has a distinct advantage: his famous character.
"It's John McClane," he says. "My kids and I have both grown up on John McClane. It's different when you are dealing with a character that is known and loved like this."
Godfrey says he has no concerns, insisting that confidential studio pre-release tracking shows the action movie will do "phenomenally well.''
"Trust me, we ain't worrying about Die Hard," says Godfrey.
While the absentee-father McClane still has his own family issues that include an angry grown son, Willis relishes being a father, especially to 10-month-old Mabel Ray Willis (to second wife Emma Heming). The action star even insists he takes on diaper duty ("I hold the record for speed changing — I'm under seven seconds").
Willis says he lives to entertain Mabel.
"It's like how can I make this child laugh today. I act out all of my parts. And the goofier I do, the better. ... It's all I want to do. Acting is so far down the road as compared to any time hanging out with my kids."
But the jobs will continue and will stay loud for a while. Willis will reprise his role as Gen. Joe Colton in GI Joe: Retaliation (out March 29), and he'll appear alongside Helen Mirren and John Malkovich in the aging-assassin sequel Red 2 (out Aug. 2).
And Willis has dropped the idea of telling interviewers that he's not going to do another Die Hard, out of respect for his character.
"I don't think we should kill him. I've certainly been shot a few times. And winged and dinged," says Willis. "But I don't want to see John McClane shot (dead) just yet."
Besides, there are years of potential box-office glory and maybe more title confusion ahead.
"I think we should get more and more cryptic with the titles," he muses with his trademark smirk. "A Most Unusual Day to Die Hard and No Explanation for Why Today Is a Day to Die Hard. I think we should keep the audience guessing."


text:
Testing user interactions within a single app helps to ensure that users do not encounter unexpected results or have a poor experience when interacting with your app. You should get into the habit of creating user interface (UI) tests if you need to verify that the UI of your app is functioning correctly.
The Espresso testing framework, provided by
AndroidX Test,
provides APIs for writing UI tests to simulate
user interactions within a
single target app. Espresso tests can run on
devices running Android 2.3.3 (API level 10) and
higher. A key benefit of using Espresso is
that it provides automatic synchronization of test
actions with the UI of the app you are testing.
Espresso detects when the main thread is idle,
so it is able to run your test commands
at the appropriate time, improving the reliability of
your tests. This capability also relieves you
from having to add any timing workarounds,
such as
in your test code.
The Espresso testing framework is
an instrumentation-based API and works with the
AndroidJUnitRunner test runner.
Set up Espresso
Before building your UI test with Espresso, make sure to set a dependency reference to the Espresso library:
dependencies { androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.0' }
Turn off animations on your test device — leaving system animations turned on in the test device might cause unexpected results or may lead your test to fail. Turn off animations from Settings by opening Developer options and turning all the following options off:
- Window animation scale
- Transition animation scale
- Animator duration scale
If you want to set up your project to use Espresso features other than what the core API provides, see the guides specific to Espresso.
Create an Espresso test class
To create an Espresso test, follow this programming model:
Find the UI component you want to test in
Activity(for example, a sign-in button in the app) by calling the
onView()method, or the
onData()method for
Simulate a specific user interaction to
perform on that UI component, by calling the
DataInteraction.perform()method and passing in the user action (for example, click on the sign-in button). To sequence multiple actions on the same UI component, chain them using a comma-separated list in your method argument.
- Repeat the steps above as necessary, to simulate a user flow across multiple activities in the target app.
Use the
ViewAssertionsmethods to check that the UI reflects the expected state or behavior, after these user interactions are performed.
These steps are covered in more detail in the sections below.
The following code snippet shows how your test class might invoke this basic workflow:
onView(withId(R.id.my_view)) // withId(R.id.my_view) is a ViewMatcher .perform(click()) // click() is a ViewAction .check(matches(isDisplayed())) // matches(isDisplayed()) is a ViewAssertion
onView(withId(R.id.my_view)) // withId(R.id.my_view) is a ViewMatcher .perform(click()) // click() is a ViewAction .check(matches(isDisplayed())); // matches(isDisplayed()) is a ViewAssertion
Use Espresso with ActivityTestRule
The following section describes how to create a
new Espresso test in the JUnit 4 style and use
to reduce the amount of boilerplate code you need to write. By using
the testing framework launches the activity under test
before each test method annotated with
@Test and before any method annotated with
@Before. The framework handles
shutting down the activity after the test finishes
and all methods annotated with
@After are run.
package com.example.android.testing.espresso.BasicSample import org.junit.Before import org.junit.Rule import org.junit.Test import org.junit.runner.RunWith import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) @LargeTest class ChangeTextBehaviorTest { private lateinit var stringToBetyped: String @get:Rule var activityRule: ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> = ActivityTestRule(MainActivity::class.java) @Before fun initValidString() { // Specify a valid string. stringToBetyped = "Espresso" } @Test fun changeText_sameActivity() { // Type text and then press the button. onView(withId(R.id.editTextUserInput)) .perform(typeText(stringToBetyped), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.changeTextBt)).perform(click()) // Check that the text was changed. onView(withId(R.id.textToBeChanged)) .check(matches(withText(stringToBetyped))) } }
package com.example.android.testing.espresso.BasicSample; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Rule; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule; import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4; @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) @LargeTest public class ChangeTextBehaviorTest { private String stringToBetyped; @Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> activityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class); @Before public void initValidString() { // Specify a valid string. stringToBetyped = "Espresso"; } @Test public void changeText_sameActivity() { // Type text and then press the button. onView(withId(R.id.editTextUserInput)) .perform(typeText(stringToBetyped), closeSoftKeyboard()); onView(withId(R.id.changeTextBt)).perform(click()); // Check that the text was changed. onView(withId(R.id.textToBeChanged)) .check(matches(withText(stringToBetyped))); } }
Access UI components
Before Espresso can interact with the app under test, you must first specify the UI component or view. Espresso supports the use of Hamcrest matchers for specifying views and adapters in your app.
To find the view, call the
method and pass in a view matcher that
specifies the view that you are targeting. This is
described in more detail in
Specify a view matcher.
method returns a
object that allows your test to interact with the view.
However, calling the
method may not work if you want to locate a view in
RecyclerView layout.
In this case, follow the instructions in
Locating a view in an AdapterView
method does not check if the view you specified is
valid. Instead, Espresso searches only the
current view hierarchy, using the matcher provided.
If no match is found, the method throws a
The following code snippet shows how you might write a test that accesses an
EditText field,
enters a string of text, closes the virtual keyboard,
and then performs a button click.
fun testChangeText_sameActivity() { // Type text and then press the button. onView(withId(R.id.editTextUserInput)) .perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()) onView(withId(R.id.changeTextButton)).perform(click()) // Check that the text was changed. ... }
public void testChangeText_sameActivity() { // Type text and then press the button. onView(withId(R.id.editTextUserInput)) .perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()); onView(withId(R.id.changeTextButton)).perform(click()); // Check that the text was changed. ... }
Specify a view matcher
You can specify a view matcher by using these approaches:
- Calling methods in the
ViewMatchersclass. For example, to find a view by looking for a text string it displays, you can call a method like this:
Similarly you can call
withId()and providing the resource ID (
R.id) of the view, as shown in the following example:
Android resource IDs are not guaranteed to be unique. If your test attempts to match to a resource ID used by more than one view, Espresso throws an
Using the Hamcrest
Matchersclass. You can use the
allOf()methods to combine multiple matchers, such as
instanceOf(). This approach allows you to filter the match results more narrowly, as shown in the following example:
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.button_signin), withText("Sign-in")))
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.button_signin), withText("Sign-in")));
You can use the
notkeyword to filter for views that don't correspond to the matcher, as shown in the following example:
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.button_signin), not(withText("Sign-out"))))
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.button_signin), not(withText("Sign-out"))));
To use these methods in your test, import the
org.hamcrest.Matcherspackage. To learn more about Hamcrest matching, see the Hamcrest site.
To improve the performance of your Espresso tests,
specify the minimum matching information
needed to find your target view. For example,
if a view is uniquely identifiable by its
descriptive text, you do not need to specify
that it is also assignable from the
TextView instance.
Locate a view in an AdapterView
In an
AdapterView widget,
the view is dynamically populated with child
views at runtime. If the target view you want to test is inside an
(such as a
GridView, or
Spinner), the
method might not work because only a
subset of the views may be loaded in the current view hierarchy.
Instead, call the
method to obtain a
object to access the target view element.
Espresso handles loading the target view element
into the current view hierarchy. Espresso
also takes care of scrolling to the target element,
and putting the element into focus.
Note: The
method does not check if the item you
specified corresponds with a view. Espresso searches
only the current view hierarchy. If no match is found, the method throws a
The following code snippet shows how you can use the
method together
with Hamcrest matching to search for a specific
row in a list that contains a given string.
In this example, the
LongListActivity class
contains a list of strings exposed
through a
onData(allOf(`is`(instanceOf(Map::class.java)), hasEntry(equalTo(LongListActivity.ROW_TEXT), `is`("test input"))))
onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(Map.class)), hasEntry(equalTo(LongListActivity.ROW_TEXT), is("test input"))));
Perform actions
Call the
methods to
simulate user interactions on the UI component. You must pass in one or more
objects as arguments. Espresso fires each action in sequence according to
the given order, and executes them in the main thread.
class provides a list of helper methods for specifying common actions.
You can use these methods as convenient shortcuts
instead of creating and configuring individual
objects. You can specify such actions as:
ViewActions.click(): Clicks on the view.
ViewActions.typeText(): Clicks on a view and enters a specified string.
ViewActions.scrollTo(): Scrolls to the view. The target view must be subclassed from
ScrollViewand the value of its
android:visibilityproperty must be
VISIBLE. For views that extend
AdapterView(for example,
ListView), the
onData()method takes care of scrolling for you.
ViewActions.pressKey(): Performs a key press using a specified keycode.
ViewActions.clearText(): Clears the text in the target view.
If the target view is inside a
perform the
action first to display the view in the screen before other proceeding
with other actions. The
action will have no effect if the view is already displayed.
Test your activities in isolation with Espresso Intents
Espresso Intents enables validation and stubbing of intents sent out by an app. With Espresso Intents, you can test an app, activity, or service in isolation by intercepting outgoing intents, stubbing the result, and sending it back to the component under test.
To begin testing with Espresso Intents, you need to add the following line to your app's build.gradle file:
dependencies { androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-intents:3.1.0' }
To test an intent, you need to create an instance of the IntentsTestRule class, which is very similar to the ActivityTestRule class. The IntentsTestRule class initializes Espresso Intents before each test, terminates the host activity, and releases Espresso Intents after each test.
The test class shown in the following codes snippet provides a simple test for an explicit intent. It tests the activities and intents created in the Building Your First App tutorial.
private const val MESSAGE = "This is a test" private const val PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.myfirstapp" @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class) class SimpleIntentTest { /* Instantiate an IntentsTestRule object. */ @get:Rule var intentsRule: IntentsTestRule<MainActivity> = IntentsTestRule(MainActivity::class.java) @Test fun verifyMessageSentToMessageActivity() { // Types a message into a EditText element. onView(withId(R.id.edit_message)) .perform(typeText(MESSAGE), closeSoftKeyboard()) // Clicks a button to send the message to another // activity through an explicit intent. onView(withId(R.id.send_message)).perform(click()) // Verifies that the DisplayMessageActivity received an intent // with the correct package name and message. intended(allOf( hasComponent(hasShortClassName(".DisplayMessageActivity")), toPackage(PACKAGE_NAME), hasExtra(MainActivity.EXTRA_MESSAGE, MESSAGE))) } }
@Large @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) public class SimpleIntentTest { private static final String MESSAGE = "This is a test"; private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.example.myfirstapp"; /* Instantiate an IntentsTestRule object. */ @Rule public IntentsTestRule<MainActivity> intentsRule = new IntentsTestRule<>(MainActivity.class); @Test public void verifyMessageSentToMessageActivity() { // Types a message into a EditText element. onView(withId(R.id.edit_message)) .perform(typeText(MESSAGE), closeSoftKeyboard()); // Clicks a button to send the message to another // activity through an explicit intent. onView(withId(R.id.send_message)).perform(click()); // Verifies that the DisplayMessageActivity received an intent // with the correct package name and message. intended(allOf( hasComponent(hasShortClassName(".DisplayMessageActivity")), toPackage(PACKAGE_NAME), hasExtra(MainActivity.EXTRA_MESSAGE, MESSAGE))); } }
For more information about Espresso Intents, see the Espresso Intents documentation on the AndroidX Test site. You can also download the IntentsBasicSample and IntentsAdvancedSample code samples.
Test WebViews with Espresso Web
Espresso Web allows you to test
WebView components
contained within an activity. It uses the
WebDriver API to inspect and control the
behavior of a
To begin testing with Espresso Web, you need to add the following line to your app's build.gradle file:
dependencies { androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-web:3.1.0' }
When creating a test using Espresso Web, you need to enable
JavaScript on the
WebView when you instantiate the
object to test the activity. In the tests, you can select
HTML elements displayed in the
WebView and simulate user interactions, like
entering text into a text box and then clicking a button. After the actions
are completed, you can then verify that the results on the
Web page match the results that you expect.
In the following code snippet, the class tests
WebView component with the id value 'webview'
in the activity being tested.
typeTextInInput_clickButton_SubmitsForm() test selects an
<input> element on the
Web page, enters some text, and checks text that appears in
another element.
For more information about Espresso Web, see the Espresso Web documentation on the AndroidX Test site.. You can also download this code snippet as part of the Espresso Web code sample.
Verify results
Call the
method to assert
that the view in the UI matches some expected state. You must pass in a
object as the argument. If the assertion fails, Espresso throws
class provides a list of helper methods for specifying common
assertions. The assertions you can use include:
doesNotExist: Asserts that there is no view matching the specified criteria in the current view hierarchy.
matches: Asserts that the specified view exists in the current view hierarchy and its state matches some given Hamcrest matcher.
selectedDescendentsMatch: Asserts that the specified children views for a parent view exist, and their state matches some given Hamcrest matcher.
The following code snippet shows how you might
check that the text displayed in the UI has
the same value as the text previously entered in the
EditText field.
fun testChangeText_sameActivity() { // Type text and then press the button. ... // Check that the text was changed. onView(withId(R.id.textToBeChanged)) .check(matches(withText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED))) }
public void testChangeText_sameActivity() { // Type text and then press the button. ... // Check that the text was changed. onView(withId(R.id.textToBeChanged)) .check(matches(withText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED))); }
Run Espresso tests on a device or emulator
You can run Espresso tests from
Android Studio or
from the command-line. Make sure to specify
as the default instrumentation runner in your project.
To run your Espresso test, follow the steps for running instrumented tests described in Getting Started with Testing.
You should also read Espresso API Reference.
Additional resources
For more information about using UI Automator in Android tests, consult the following resources.
- Espresso Code Samples includes a full selection of Espresso samples.


text: Tim is a Solutions Architect for PSC Group, LLC. He has been an IT consultant since 1999 specializing in Microsoft technologies. Along with running the Chicago Information Technology Architects Group and speaking on Microsoft and architecture topics he was also contributing author on "The Definitive Guide to the Microsoft Enterprise Library".


text:
323187358 – Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code and Textbook Package): The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code and Textbook Package): The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e by Kathryn L. McCance RN PhD
This money saving package includes Pathophysiology Online for Pathophysiology (Access Code) and the 7th edition of McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children.
- Enhances and supplements the textbook with online activities showing processes and concepts using animation, sound, and more.
- Provides faculty with complete, professionally prepared, easy-to-use lessons ready for immediate use, saving valuable preparation time.
- Includes hundreds of engaging activities and exercises to challenge students to think critically about key aspects of pathophysiology while making learning entertaining.
- Includes over 80 specially created, narrated animations to help students visualize some of the most complex pathophysiologic processes.
- Incorporates over 850 high-quality figures to illustrate tough concepts and key clinical presentations of disease processes for all body systems.
- Features case studies throughout to encourage development of critical thinking skills and application of knowledge to real-world situations.
- Provides a pre-test for every major body system to help students test their knowledge of normal structure and function before alterations in function are introduced.
- Gives students immediate feedback on all activities and assessments throughout, reinforcing learning and encouraging subject mastery.
- Provides rationales for both correct and incorrect responses to help students not only know when an answer is correct or incorrect, but why.
- Provides a glossary to give students quick, easy access to definitions of new and unfamiliar terms.
- Provides carefully reviewed resources for core topics for further exploration, so students can focus on learning information, not searching for it.
- Includes a comprehensive exam for every module that can be used as a self-assessment tool to help students prepare for in-class exams or can be reserved by instructors as graded assessments.
- Supports diverse learning styles with activities and content that use both voice-overs, narrations, on-screen text, and visual cues.
- Provides faculty wit
Category: Textbooks
Binding: Hardcover
Author: Kathryn L. McCance RN PhD
Pub Date: 2/18/2014
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text:
Daycare had a Father's Day mini golf on Friday. Sylvia preferred having her puppy kiss daddy instead of working on her putting.
We thought it wouldn't happen to our child, but she has become obsessed with Elmo. I am not sure what it is about him that is so great, but Sylvia has fallen under his spell. Maybe he is so great because he is the most annoying character on Sesame Street?? At least she hasn't discovered Barney. Her new Elmo undies are on her head. That's the only way I can get her to wear them.
Today we started out our day at the farmer's market. It was our first visit this year and it was great. Then we went to visit Trin at her art show. I spent some money and Sylvia must have been inspired. She worked very hard painting a bird house for her dad. There were 8 colors of paint and she used every drop that didn't get on her body. We had to take a bath after she finally stopped painting. I drained the tub about 6 times to get her clean.
We are hoping for a relaxing day tomorrow. Adam had food poisoning and is finally starting to feel better. If the Twins keep winning that will help his recovery!
Happy Father's Day!
Daycare had a Father's Day mini golf on Friday. Sylvia preferred having her puppy kiss daddy instead of working on her putting.
Saturday, June 19, 2010 | Posted by Brodd Family at 7:16 PM


text:
Transfer Student Process
Making the decision to transfer colleges takes a lot of thought and consideration. At Monmouth College we strive to make the transition smooth and efficient.
Transfer Admissions Process
For enrollment consideration, please submit the following:
- The Monmouth College Application
- Official transcripts from all colleges and universities previously attended.
- Official high school transcripts and test scores are required if fewer than 24 semester
hours have been completed. Be sure to send any Advanced Placement (AP) scores for
consideration of college credit as well.
- Beginning for Fall 2020 applicants, Monmouth College has gone test optional. While we will continue to welcome the submission of standardized test scores (SAT/ACT), they will no longer be required for admission for first-year applicants or from transfer applicants with fewer than 24 credits earned.
Additional information:
- A minimum of 12 transfer semester hours is required for transfer admission.
- A cumulative grade point average of 2.5 is usually required for admission.
- Students may transfer up to the equivalent of 64 semester hours (16 course credits). Only grades of D or better will transfer. Most classes from accredited colleges will transfer.
- Students who complete an associates degree in art, science, or fine arts will transfer with junior standing.
Monmouth College is on a 4-4 academic calendar, semester hours will be converted to course credits. One course credit is equal to 4 semester hours. A total of 32 course credits (128 semester hours) are required to meet the degree requirement in most majors.
Class Levels
Freshman: Less than 28 semester hours (7 course credits)
Sophomore: 28 to less than 60 semester hours (7-14.75 course credits)
Junior: 60 semester hours (15 course credits)
Recommended general education courses to take prior to transferring:
- Two course sequence in English Composition
- One course in public speaking
- One course with lab in a physical or life science
- Two courses in foreign language (or proficiency at 102 level)
- One course in fine art appreciation or participation (3 semester hour course)


text:
Pre-Petit Party
- Details
- Category: Road Atlanta
- Published: Sunday, November 29 -0001 19:00
Saturday September 24 6-9pm - Mall of Georgia- PF Changs
Join Road Atlanta and the American Le Mans Series as we put on our largest and most anticipated FAN PROMOTION of the year!
Pre-Petit Activities:
PF Changs
The event is free for everyone so bring all of your friends and family to the event! And don't worry...there will be plenty of games and activities for kids!
This is your last chance this year to buy your Petit Le Mans powered by Mazda tickets at the advance sale! Stop by with credit card or cash to pick them up! And don't forget, kids 12 and under get in free!
Pre-Petit Activities:
- Meet n' greet with ALMS drivers
- Petit Le Mans ticket give-away
- Driver Suit Game
- DJ playing your favorite tunes
- Racing Simulator
- 680 The Zone live broadcast
- Tweet-up with the Social Media Dudes on PF Changs patio
See you there!
PF Changs
Mall of Georgia
3333 Buford Dr. Space VA03
Buford, GA 30519


text:
TORONTO (AP) — After a near-perfect November, the Boston Bruins were in no mood to celebrate.
Boston polished off the franchise's first month without a regulation loss in more than four decades with a 6-3 victory over the Toronto Maple Leafs on Wednesday night, but the defending Stanley Cup champions took it in stride and acted as though they had been there before.
That is a big reason why they should be considered among the favorites to win it all again.
"I think it was a pretty good month," forward David Krejci said. "We were playing some great hockey and we were having so much fun off the ice. It was a pretty good experience.
"But the season's long, we've got about 60 games left. It's going to be a battle. We've got to forget what happened and get ready for the future."
The Bruins were last in the Eastern Conference when October ended and then went 12-0-1 in November to jump up to second. No NHL team went a calendar month without a regulation loss since San Jose did it in March 2008.
Boston hadn't pulled it off since January 1969.
"It's quite an accomplishment," goalie Tim Thomas said. "It might be one of those things that only happens ... well, for a lot of guys it won't even happen once in their career, right? For anybody who has played for the Bruins their whole career, obviously no one's done that since 1969.
"Unfortunately, the way the world works and the way this league works, November's gone. It's behind us. This is December."
Milan Lucic scored two goals Wednesday and Krejci added a goal and two assists. Zdeno Chara, Benoit Pouliot and Brad Marchand also scored for Boston (15-7-1), which hasn't lost in regulation since Oct. 29 at Montreal. Thomas made 34 saves and earned his ninth consecutive win.
Mikhail Grabovski, Joffrey Lupul and Matt Frattin scored for Toronto (14-9-2).
The Maple Leafs pushed the Bruins to their limit in the first of a home-and-home series between teams near the top of the Eastern Conference standings. They will face off again in Boston on Saturday night.
"That's a good hockey team," Maple Leafs coach Ron Wilson said. "They seem to have our number. I was actually pleased with the way we played. Unfortunately, they got five or six power plays and we really only had one and a half. I thought we worked hard enough to draw a few more penalties but we didn't.
"If we keep playing like that, we'll eventually beat these guys."
The Bruins have won all three meetings with the Maple Leafs by a combined score of 19-5.
"They're a legit good team," Bruins coach Claude Julien said of the Leafs. "I think the reason we've been successful is we've never lost respect for them and we come prepared to play them."
This game lived up to the hype as the quick skating teams took turns mounting rushes during the first period, in which the Bruins held a slight edge in possession and shots, 17-16.
But the game was tied 1-1, with each team scoring on a power play.
Thomas has played a major role in the turnaround. The reigning Vezina Trophy winner is on a career-best winning streak.
His biggest stop came late in the first period when he denied NHL scoring leader Phil Kessel on a breakaway.
"Well, I saw Phil coming down on the breakaway and I quickly thought, 'Man, I know he wants to score really bad,'" Thomas said. "I didn't really think about what he was going to do. I just decided to play him honestly."
The Bruins pulled away for good with less than five minutes left in the second period. Chara jumped into the rush and beat Jonas Gustavsson with a heavy wrist shot to make it 3-2. Toronto never closed the gap.
Boston sealed the win with a couple of third-period goals, including one into an empty net by Marchand.
"I don't think the score was too respectful for how the game was," Frattin said. "It was a nice, close, intense game — fast and hard-hitting. It was a good game. Kind of felt like a playoff game."
The most important thing for the Bruins is they have managed to rediscover the form that carried them through last season's playoffs. Their 3-7 start is now long forgotten.
"I think we felt we were a better team than what we showed in October," Julien said. "Where we were certainly didn't make us happy. So we just kind of picked up our game and decided to play the way we can.
"It made a big difference."
NOTES: The Maple Leafs were 7-6-1 in November. ... Cody Franson, Colton Orr and Philippe Dupuis sat out for Toronto. ... The Bruins scratched Jordan Caron and Steve Kampfer. ... Toronto goalie James Reimer, sidelined since Oct. 22 with concussion-like symptoms, is expected to be the backup Saturday in Boston.
Lucic scores 2, Bruins win 12th in 13 games
TORONTO (AP) — After a near-perfect November, the Boston Bruins were in no mood to celebrate.


text:
What is Cyberbullying?
Why Cyberbullying is Different
Kids who are being cyberbullied are often bullied in person as well. Additionally, kids who are cyberbullied have a harder time getting away from the behavior.
- Cyberbullying can happen 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and reach a kid even when he or she is alone. It can happen any time of the day or night.
-Cyberbullying messages and images can be posted anonymously and distributed quickly to a very wide audience. It can be difficult and sometimes impossible to trace the source.
-Deleting inappropriate or harassing messages, texts, and pictures is extremely difficult after they have been posted or sent.
Prevent Cyberbullying
Parents and kids can prevent cyberbullying. Together, they can explore safe ways to use technology.
-Be Aware of What Your Kids are Doing Online
-Establish Rules about Technology Use Understand School Rules
Report Cyberbullying
-Steps to Take Immediately
-Report Cyberbullying to Online Service Providers
-Report Cyberbullying to Law Enforcement
-Report Cyberbullying to Schools


text:
"Do you remember lying in bed With your covers pulled up over your head Radio playing so no one can see ... " -- The Ramones, "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?"
Columbus, Ohio (CNN) -- In this capital city and college town, there is a shrine to a disc jockey.
His name was Andy Davis, better known as "Andyman," and he manned the evening drive-time shift at WWCD-FM. He was a bear of a man, a hugger, a backslapper, a preacher's son who called everybody "brother." He could carry you along with his enthusiasm.
DJ Brian Phillips recalls Davis' annual 48-hour fundraising extravaganzas, known as "Andyman-a-Thons," exhorting callers to outbid one another. "Come on, brother, 10 dollars more!" Andyman would say.
"Our children's charities meant everything to him," Phillips says. "By the end of each Andyman-a-Thon, he was drained and everyone was in tears. He had given his all, and yet you'd have to drag him out of that studio."
He gave everybody a shot. Lesley James was a guest DJ -- an enthusiastic listener who once got to do an hour of her favorite songs on-air. When she was done, she nervously handed Davis her resume.
"(I) mentioned that I grew up listening to the radio station and wanted to be a part of it," she recalls. "He laughed, smiling at me and said, 'Honey, I don't need a resume. I like what I heard over the past hour.' "
He was an evangelist for local music. "I felt like Andy was someone who was looking out for a local musician just getting started and looking out for my best interests," says musician Brian Epp, who remembers Davis' support before a show.
"I will never forget his smile and that initial hug. When he announced us and said that he was from CD101, I felt like we were getting some rite of passage."
That was Andy. He was your friend.
On July 18, 2010, Andy Davis died. He was just 42.
His death hit everybody hard -- and shook the station to its core. WWCD was hanging on by its fingernails. The recession had ripped into revenues. The ratings were troubling. The station was going through a complex financial transaction: It had just sold its frequency, 101.1, to Ohio State University and was making arrangements to move up the dial to 102.5 in hopes of expanding its audience. The entire staff had taken a substantial pay cut. Even the lease on its office space was up.
In the midst of all this, here was Andy's wife, Molly, calling to deliver the awful news.
For a rare bird in an increasingly generic business -- a completely independent commercial music station -- it was going to be a struggle. WWCD had no safety net: It wasn't part of a regional "cluster" of stations, it had no TV or newspaper ties, there was no giant conglomerate to move money over from another division's pockets. Everybody's lives were wrapped up in the station.
Competition, the economy and now its beating heart: WWCD was at a crossroads, and the path ahead was full of static.
"During all that time, we had to make a decision on whether to keep the radio station," recalls Wendy Vaughan, wife of owner Roger Vaughan. "And my head said, 'You need to let it go.' But my heart said, 'This is a guy's life, his legacy, his identity, you can't let it go.' "
A medium in flux
"The world is collapsing around our ears I turned up the radio But I can't hear it ..." -- R.E.M., "Radio Song"
It wasn't just WWCD. Quietly in some markets, loudly in others, music radio has been under siege. Like many media, it's battling demographics and technology to stay alive, at the same time losing the institutional memory and talent that made it distinctive.
"Radio creates such a powerful connection," says Randy Malloy, who as general manager was trying to save the station with Roger Vaughan.
"You don't remember the newspaper article that you read when you had your first kiss or the TV show. It was a song. You remember that song. There's such a hard-wired connection in our brains to music."
Which is why people in the industry are worried that old-fashioned AM/FM radio may be drifting off into the ether, as it struggles to attract the young listeners who have been its bedrock for generations.
Sure, broadcast radio's been the redheaded stepchild of communications media for decades. TV, CDs, satellite, the Internet -- they were all supposed to kill it off.
Radio ad man Mark Lipsky jokes that he "keeps a black suit in my closet" for all the funeral announcements he's seen for the medium. He says radio remains strong and will adjust. It always has.
"AM/FM radio will probably command a smaller slice of the pie," says Lipsky, president and CEO of the Radio Agency. "But it's certainly not going to be replaced."
Others are less optimistic. The business is in flux. Rock music has fallen out of fashion. Format changes are common. The 12- to 24-year-olds who are the radio listeners (and employees) of the future are gravitating toward the Internet or iDevices. Three of the biggest hits of the last year -- "Call Me Maybe," "Gangnam Style" and "Harlem Shake" -- were driven by YouTube and social media. Billboard magazine, the chart bible, just added YouTube to its pop chart sources.
Clear Channel and Cumulus -- the two dominant radio broadcasters, each with hundreds of stations -- are struggling to pay off mountains of debt and have laid off thousands of workers, including many DJs.
And the heart of terrestrial radio -- its emphasis on the local -- has drifted. Hometown DJs, once the central voice of it all, increasingly find themselves marginalized in favor of syndicated voices and formulaic presentations.
That's a concern, says Lipsky. "Anybody can play Bruno Mars and Pink, but nothing's going to replace the sound of having a local jock tune you in to when (those artists are) coming to town -- things that make you part of your community."
Industry analyst Jerry Del Colliano, publisher of "Inside Music Media," says he believes the future is dim.
Radio, he warns, is no longer appealing to young people. "They don't like it, don't use it that much, don't know the stations, and at the same time the radio companies are shooting themselves in the foot by cutting back and getting rid of personalities."
He looks at the landscape and wonders about the attraction.
"If any of this is true, why would you want to be in this business?"
Ed Levine, whose Galaxy Communications owns a handful of stations in central New York State, puts it more bluntly.
"If we're not proactive, we'll be newspapers."
'God, disc jockeys, then parents'
"I'm in love with the radio on It helps me from being alone late at night ..." -- Jonathan Richman, "Roadrunner"
Andyman always wanted to be in radio.
A native of rural Ohio, he got the bug early, going to broadcasting school and working as an overnight jock at a country station. But WWCD was where he wanted to be, and he called the station incessantly, volunteering to work any shift, do any job.
"He finally wore them down," says Molly Davis, his widow.
He worked his way up from overnights and random shifts to become music director -- the person who manages the station's song selection -- and then program director, a job that oversees the station's entire on-air output, including DJs, music and commercials.
He was always sincere and passionate, says Tom Butler, one of his many protégés.
At the end of a summer festival, Butler recalls, "Andy was still standing at the gates, shaking hands with every single person who walked through. He just genuinely wanted to meet and connect with every single listener, every single fan."
It's the sort of enthusiasm one might associate with a different generation, when DJs were the "pied pipers of rock 'n' roll," and their distinctive voices were ubiquitous -- and powerful. In 1966, a Hollywood teen fair asked visitors about the biggest influences in their lives. The order: "God, disc jockeys, then parents," the late Robert W. Morgan, the leading voice of Los Angeles' KHJ, once recalled.
Of course, that was a different time, when Top 40 ruled and "everybody listened to the same stuff," says Allan Sniffen, who runs a website dedicated to New York's old WABC-AM back when it was "Musicradio 77."
Listen to the kings of radio: All-time great DJs
Nowadays, radio is more corporate and buttoned up, which has made DJing and programming a harder job. On the one hand, people complain that radio sucks -- it's generic and boring and the DJs all sound the same, the music all sounds the same, even the manic car commercials all sound the same.
On the other hand, new music and creativity can be tough sells. People like the familiar. The familiar is dependable, and dependable is easier to sell. The pressure at music stations is to stick with the tried and true, to run focus groups and test out the wazoo.
Margot Chobanian, former music director of Atlanta's now-defunct DaveFM, says the trend has been to cut back on DJs and their patter because ratings show that people don't like chatter.
She doesn't agree with that interpretation of the data though. What corporations don't understand, she says, is that the amount of DJ chatter has nothing do with tuning out -- it's the quality of what the DJs say.
"(People) were engaged by the DJs," Chobanian says.
Though Chobanian's bosses at CBS Radio gave the adult-alternative station a longer run than she expected, last fall, when the ratings declined, the station switched to sports talk and much of the staff got the ax.
Chobanian is leaving terrestrial radio behind. She now has a website called eavradio.com, a new-music station with an emphasis on the Atlanta scene.
"I see it as an extension of what DaveFM could have been," she says.
And old-fashioned broadcast radio? She's done -- done with the numbers, the restrictions, the suits.
"I'll never program for a corporate radio station again," she says.
Remaking the business
"Life is a rock But the radio rolled me ..." -- Reunion, "Life Is a Rock (But the Radio Rolled Me)"
At 15, Bob Pittman started as a DJ in his hometown of Brookhaven, Mississippi. It was not his first choice.
"I really wanted the high-paying job in town, which was bagging groceries at the Piggly Wiggly," he says.
Radio was, however, the right choice.
He was quickly promoted to positions up the line. By 1974, when he was 20, the "Boy Wonder" was the program director of WMAQ-AM in Chicago. Within three years, he was running WNBC-AM in New York, one of the biggest stations in the country.
Over the next three decades, he helped found MTV, became a successful producer, headed Time Warner's Six Flags theme parks division, ran the Century 21 real estate company, took over AOL in its formative years and was chief operating officer of the merged AOL Time Warner.
And then, three years ago, the famed media entrepreneur returned to his radio roots, investing $5 million in Clear Channel. Today he's head of the nation's largest radio company, becoming the symbol of "corporate radio."
Clear Channel chief: Technology 'an opportunity, not a risk'
While he was gone, there were plenty of changes. When Pittman started, music radio mainly used to be AM Top 40; over the years, it moved to FM on a continually splintering array of formats.
But the big sea change in the business came 17 years ago when Congress passed the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Gone were restrictions on the number of stations a company could own in a market; suddenly corporations went on a buying spree. The two biggest, Clear Channel and Cumulus, started dominating markets by purchasing several stations in the same city.
At its peak, Clear Channel owned more than 1,200 stations, a concert promotion company, a billboard division and a variety of other interests. (Before 1996, it owned 43 stations.) It's since sold off the concert firm, but still owns about 850 stations. Cumulus has about 570.
With Clear Channel's aggressive tactics and formidable clout, others in the business took to calling the company the "Evil Empire." Eric Boehlert wrote a number of stories for Salon about its power plays, calling it "radio's big bully."
For a decade, the big companies thrived, but the recession hit them hard. In 2008, Bain Capital helped lead a leveraged buyout of Clear Channel. The company now has $20 billion in long-term debt, and according to a 2012 article in Forbes, "barely earns enough to cover its interest payments and capital expenditures." Cumulus posted a huge loss last year thanks to its debt load.
In 2010, Pittman bought into Clear Channel, telling The Wall Street Journal he'd agreed to "help out part-time." A year later, he became CEO. He's been trying to remake it ever since.
It hasn't been easy. The company has been on a cost-cutting binge for several years, shedding stations, cutting jobs and consolidating operations. One of its practices, voice-tracking -- in which a DJ in one city can broadcast his or her show to several others, giving the appearance of a local broadcast in each market -- has been particularly criticized as emphasizing the national (and generic) over the local.
The cutbacks have taken a toll: Rick Wright, a longtime radio veteran and communications professor at Syracuse University, does a weekend show at a Clear Channel station. He says the building's local studios are like a ghost town when he visits.
Pittman dismisses the criticisms. The company still believes in local, he says, only now it's tapping into national talent -- the way local TV stations replaced their self-produced talk shows with "The Oprah Winfrey Show" nearly three decades ago. And the company's head count, he maintains, is still healthy.
"We have cutbacks, but you don't look at the other side of the equation, which is, how many people have we hired?" he says, his Southern accent mixing smoothly with his rat-a-tat-tat, statistic-laden delivery. "Our head count has not gone down as a company, and the reason it has not gone down is because we're constantly rebalancing."
Creating a 'trusted friend'
"There goes the last DJ Who plays what he wants to play ..." -- Tom Petty, "The Last DJ"
Roger Vaughan got the idea for WWCD after living in Denver in the 1980s while working in real estate.
He was inspired by KBCO, a station in nearby Boulder, Colorado, that played new music with the energy of old radio.
"I've had this love of both radio and music my whole life," he says. "I considered both businesses 'magical' and never even dreamed I might work in either. You needed some sort of special talent or something, right?"
Vaughan wondered if he could replicate something like KBCO in Columbus, where, he says, "radio sucked."
"I ... convinced myself that Denver and Columbus were similar demographically, that a radio adventure like this could both sound unique and be profitable and that I should try to do this," he says.
WWCD -- then CD101 -- went on the air in 1990.
Randy Malloy was there almost from the beginning. He moved to Columbus from college in New Jersey in the late 1980s, started at the station as an intern and worked his way up.
At 49, Malloy looks like an older version of Crispin Glover's grown-up McFly character in "Back to the Future": blond hair with bits of gray, lank and long on the sides and back, as if he'd gotten in an argument with his barber halfway through a haircut.
He talks fast and thinks faster, his voice a Mel Brooksian rasp trying to keep up with all the possibilities in his brain.
He's a one-man chamber of commerce for his adopted hometown.
On a gray winter's day he drives up High Street -- the Ohio capital's main drag -- and proudly points out sights: the reborn downtown, the once-dead Short North neighborhood, the Ohio State hangouts. He talks about the city's plans to get rid of the one-way boulevards that shuttle people to the suburbs; he praises the homes in German Village and hopes for growth in the nearby Brewery District. It's a gentrifying but still patchy area south of downtown by the Scioto River, the kind of place where you'd imagine an alt-rock broadcaster to take up residence.
Localness used to be the point of radio. It may have attracted its audience through the music, but it kept them by keeping them informed -- being a "trusted friend," as Malloy says.
Syracuse's Wright puts it more succinctly: "The greatest social media is radio broadcasting."
Wright remembers his godmother advising him on the importance of community. She hosted a popular midday show on WRAP in Norfolk, Virginia, that played music, conducted interviews and provided information.
"She told me, if you're ever really serious about putting a radio station together, you want your air personalities to become so integrated into the total sociological fabric of the audience that you're serving, that when they're in trouble, they'll call the disc jockey at the station before they'd call the police," he recalls.
"You've become part of the family. They feel they know you."
'Rock local'
"It blows a hole in the radio When it hasn't sounded good all week ..." --The Clash, "Hitsville UK"
It took a lot of effort after Andyman died, but WWCD stayed on the air.
Vaughan plowed in more money. Malloy sank his 401(k) into buying a majority interest. The station redoubled its marketing efforts, particularly partnerships with a local music promoter and Columbus' pro hockey team, the Blue Jackets. Everybody took pay cuts and multitasked, with DJs doing promotions and interns doing everything.
WWCD is a throwback. It's one of just a handful of independent, major-market commercial music stations left in America. It's run like a throwback, too, with a strong focus on new music and community service.
Indeed, the station flaunts its indie credibility like a bold tattoo. "We're not Clear Channel," trumpets the station's on-air IDs -- a shot at its powerful competitor, which owns six Columbus stations, including the market leader. A CD file drawer in the studio sharpens the point with the bumper sticker "Clear Channel Kills." "Rock local," adds a banner on its website.
Radio's last stand: A day in the life at CD102.5
There's a lot of bad blood between Clear Channel and others in the industry, thanks to the former's tactics in the early 2000s. Malloy and the Vaughans talk about Clear Channel's dominance with an attitude bordering on disgust; Wendy Vaughan says the company offered $15 million for the station at one point.
WWCD's studio and offices form a ramshackle warren of rooms in the basement of a renovated restaurant and reception hall in the Brewery District. Fittingly, the dominant feature is a large bar complete with an ice-cream freezer. ("We're a bar with a radio problem," Malloy jokes.)
Decorations around the studio window wish patrons a happy holiday -- changing with the season. Inside the studio are wooden slat seats from the old Cleveland Municipal Stadium. A mannequin wearing a skull mask and black robes keeps watch over an equipment closet. There are about a dozen employees ambling about, some dressed so casually it's hard to tell the veterans apart from the college-student interns.
The station van, an old ice-cream truck, is parked outside. Malloy, a DIY-type guy who drove an ambulance to put himself through college, has been spotted covered in motor oil from trying to get it started.
The vibe is that of a low-key clubhouse.
A number of employees talk about growing up with the station and say that working there is a dream come true. Kyle Hofmeister, one of the DJs, grew up near Columbus but spent his college years in Florida.
"One of the big things about leaving town was I realized how much I missed this particular radio station," he says.
"We have kids who tell us, 'I grew up listening to you,' and now they've started a band, and now their goal is to get on the 'Top 5 at 5,' " Malloy says. "They're excited, and that excites us."
On a recent Tuesday morning, the DJs and interns pour into Lesley James' narrow office for their weekly music meeting -- a kind of rate-a-record free-for-all for new releases.
That one-hour guest DJ whom Andyman hired without seeing her resume is now the station's program director -- taking over after Davis died.
The music meeting is open to pretty much any staffer. As in Andyman's day, anything is fair game; record labels drop off new records all the time, but if a listener records a song in his dorm room and sends over the MP3, the gang will give it a go.
Tom Butler, the evening-drive DJ who shares an office with James, pops in record after record: the Dirty Projectors, Thao with the Get Down Stay Down, Grizzly Bear.
A new cut by the French turntablists C2C earns wildly different reviews: "It's innovative ... if that's what you're going to call it," says one staffer. Johnny Marr, the former Smiths guitarist, fares better with his latest.
Through it all, James scans Facebook, goes over playlists and takes notes. She lets the group offer their take and then she offers her opinion with a firm politeness that suggests she can hear whether the song fits with the station's overall feel.
Which is not to say that CD102.5 doesn't experiment. Its playlist includes more than 40 slots for new releases -- a huge number in the play-it-safe world of commercial radio. And James is aggressive: When the new David Bowie single was released, she didn't wait for a handout but paid the buck to download it from iTunes. It's not an unusual occurrence.
"We're a new music station," she says. "We love to break bands."
Among the groups that have used WWCD as a launching pad have been the Lumineers, Fitz and the Tantrums, the Black Keys and Mumford & Sons.
WWCD also likes to support the local community -- a connection that goes both ways, Malloy says. CD102.5 has been voted the city's best radio station in a local poll for almost two decades straight.
"We believe we make the city better," Malloy says.
The station offers "stress breaks," handing out treats from its ice-cream truck, maintains a "Green Team" beautification squad, participates in arts festivals and still engages with residents through the Andyman-a-Thon.
Jami Goldstein, vice president of marketing for the Greater Columbus Arts Council, says the station goes above and beyond.
"Other stations do provide promotional support but don't go the distance like CD102.5 does," she says.
"For a community to be truly vibrant culturally, you need to have really good institutions, access to great events and support for individual artists. The great thing about 102.5 is they help in all three areas."
Talent and technology
"So get off the wall, become involved All your radio problems have now been solved My treacherous beats make ya ears respond And my radio's loud like a fire alarm ..." -- LL Cool J, "I Can't Live Without My Radio"
Does anyone dream of owning a radio station anymore?
When I was in my teens and early 20s, my friends and I would fantasize about winning the lottery and buying a crappy AM signal. (An FM signal would be fine, too, but we figured it would be too expensive.)
Our model was a cross between the AM greats and the free-form FM stations, in which the DJs would be energetic, fun and a little off-color, and the music would be a mix of ... well, whatever tickled our fancy. It would be exciting, it would be rhythmic and fluid and honest, and we'd always tell listeners the names of the songs and artists they'd just heard.
If I were in college today, would I even dream of working at a radio station -- much less owning one?
"I don't think there is a living to be had in (radio)," says Ana Zimitravich, a student at Georgia State University and general manager of its new-music oriented WRAS-FM. "It is a slowly dissolving business."
Her colleague, WRAS music director Fray DeVore, says that's true for much of the staff, including himself. The Georgia State students they cater to in Atlanta are partial to the Web.
"Now we have a culture of blogging. That's how a lot of (musical) exposure is going on now, through the Internet," DeVore says. "There are so many other resources available than getting in your car and turning on the radio."
Opinion: Who needs radio? I'll take the Web
The high school and college kids who once craved radio employment -- and trained on their college or local stations -- are finding it harder to get jobs, thanks to the elimination of air shifts. The farm system has been devastated.
"In the old days, if you were a (communications) major or just anybody who was interested in getting into radio, you could find a small- or medium-market radio station and you learned your craft," Syracuse's Wright says. "Now you go into a radio station and there is nobody there. Nobody. There's a computer running the place."
Wright blames the industry leaders.
"The guys who really own this industry are trying to run it as cheap as they can, and that means not hiring any people," Wright says. "And in the meantime they're not laying any seeds for the future of the industry."
Clear Channel's Pittman admits his primary focus now is technology.
One of Clear Channel's major new ventures is IHeartRadio.com, a Web service that features "1,500+ live stations or create your own," its website says, including a Pandora-like channel and several programmed playlists. It's available on the Web or through a variety of device platforms, including apps for iPods, Androids and Kindles.
The idea is to get more stations into more places, whether it's through the Internet or portable device apps. Public transit commuters, for example, can plug into IHeartRadio.com through their smartphones, or people in one market can listen to stations in others.
"What we want is to find more listening occasions," Pittman says.
Digital listening is currently less than 10% of the radio audience, according to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey, but Pittman expects it to be a major part of the future.
"In terms of the digital revolution, we're way behind, but we think it's a terrific opportunity for us," he says.
But others call out the clash between Clear Channel's digital plans and its local cutbacks.
"What he says sounds really good. What he does, not so good," says Galaxy Communications' Levine. "He talks about content over here and when you're not looking, lays off 700 people over here. And nobody calls him on it."
He says IHeartRadio will be stillborn without investing in talent and stations.
"(The) IHeartRadio app is not content," he says. "You need living, breathing people to drive this thing called content, and if you keep systematically firing them, like Clear Channel and Cumulus do, you're not going to have much of an industry left."
Del Colliano, the radio analyst, is even harsher: "He's not there at Clear Channel to turn it around. He's there to do what he's done best in the prime part of his life, which is to find a way to package the company so it can be sold to someone else."
A recent post on Del Colliano's site maintains that Clear Channel will start selling off its lesser market stations in about a year and offer the buyers a Clear Channel product called "Premium Choice," featuring voice-tracked talent.
Clear Channel dismisses Del Colliano's criticism. "Jerry Del Colliano's blog is less a tip sheet than a fantasy," says a spokeswoman. "He's been 'predicting' things for years that don't happen and have no basis in reality."
Del Colliano is a pessimist about broadcast radio. Pittman looks at Clear Channel as an "opportunity."
"When people call you an evil empire, what they're saying is, you're not doing anything new and exciting. And I think the opposite side of having a big platform to play with is you can do great stuff," he says, reeling off charitable initiatives, indie band programs and other digital projects.
"That's the exciting thing about being a big platform. The unexciting thing is if we were dull and boring and did what we did 10 years ago or 20 years ago."
'We are so plugged in'
"There is magic at your fingers For the spirit ever lingers ..." -- Rush, "The Spirit of Radio"
Things are looking up in Columbus. The recession is fading and sales are improving. Thanks to the new signal, WWCD's ratings are up as well -- in March it posted its best overall audience numbers in at least three years, with strong showings in key demographics -- and the staff believes the community is behind them.
"We are so plugged in to this community. If we went away, people would definitely notice," says Phillips, a DJ who's been with WWCD for 18 years. "It's the personal touch that's been completely lost from radio. ... Obviously, this is a business, but we're always thinking, how can we be more involved in the community?"
It could be for naught, of course. Del Colliano is fond of a metaphor to describe good, profitable, well-run stations in the current media environment: They're like beautiful estates in the middle of a slum.
"(In radio) you can be a good operator," he says, "but the majority of the real estate is blighted by companies that don't care."
Lipsky, the radio agency head, doesn't buy into the doomsaying. Radio's not going any place; it'll just be another platform, he says, "a wonderful conduit that still keeps you connected."
At CD102.5, the staff chooses to look at the bright side.
Malloy, who started out in the promotions department, is always coming up with new ideas; the latest is a television reality show based on the station called "Life On Air." He's had a reel produced and is trying to interest a network in picking it up.
He prefers another metaphor to Del Colliano's, of big box stores and a local hardware retailer. There's no reason both can't thrive.
"I love Lowe's. I love Home Depot. They serve a purpose for me. But I also love Zettler Hardware," he says. "Because when I know exactly what I need, I know I can go to Zettler Hardware and they'll have it. And someone's going to meet me at the door and go, 'Can we help you with something?' And they walk me over to it, they show me the product, I purchase the product and I walk out happy. That's what we are. We're Zettler Hardware."
The shrine to Andyman is just a few steps from WWCD's studio -- a table lined with candles, photos and a mock check for the Andyman-a-Thon. In the center, there's a portrait of Andy Davis.
His spirit is always present: the spirit of a big-hearted man, the spirit of music radio.
Malloy remembers a time long ago. It was his first day at the station, and he was at an event, walking across a field. The ice-cream truck pulled up. Inside was Andyman.
"Get in," the DJ said. "Let's go!"
Andyman may be gone, but the station rolls on.


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1For the leader; with stringed instruments. A psalm; a song.
2May God be gracious to us* and bless us;
may his face shine upon us.a
3So shall your way be known upon the earth,
your victory among all the nations.b
4May the peoples praise you, God;
may all the peoples praise you!
5May the nations be glad and rejoice;
for you judge the peoples with fairness,
you guide the nations upon the earth.c
6May the peoples praise you, God;
may all the peoples praise you!
7The earth has yielded its harvest;
God, our God, blesses us.d
8May God bless us still;
that the ends of the earth may revere him.
* [Psalm 67] A petition for a bountiful harvest (Ps 67:7), made in the awareness that Israel's prosperity will persuade the nations to worship its God.
* [67:2] May God be gracious to us: the people's petition echoes the blessing pronounced upon them by the priests, cf. Nm 6:22–27.
a. [67:2] Ps 4:7; 31:17; 44:4; 80:4; Dn 9:17.
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