text:
The Board of Supervisors today [Tues/20] considers reappointing three Sunshine Ordinance Task Force members after the board's Rules Committee last week blocked other qualified nominees, including those named by organizations with designated seats on the board, a move critics say undermines the independence of the body.
SOTF is responsible for holding city officials to the open government ideals of the city's voter-approved Sunshine Ordinance. When government makes backroom deals or shields public records from disclosure, the ordinance allow citizens (and journalists) to appeal to the SOTF, which rules on whether the ordinance was violated.
Sunshine advocates say the supervisors are stacking the task force with ineffective political appointees and barring the appointments of qualified, independent candidates. The Sunshine Ordinance, which Bay Guardian editors helped create in the '90s, gives New American Media, The League of Women Voters, and the Society of Professional Journalists-Northern California direct appointments to SOTF, pending supervisorial approval.
The SPJ appointed Electronic Frontier Foundation staff attorney Mark Rumold, who works on EFF's Transparency Project and has uncovered documents exposing federal surveillance activities, and Ali Winston, a local journalist who has broken big stories for the Center for Investigative Reporting and other media outlets using public records.
Rumold is considered one of the leading Freedom of Information Act litigators in the country, but was humble in his appointment interview at the Rules Committee. "I'm hoping to apply my experience to the task force to make San Francisco an open and more efficient government," he said.
But those appointments and others were blocked last week at the Rules Committee by Sup. Katy Tang, who told the Guardian, "Personally, I would have liked to see stronger applicants," claiming that they didn't seem to have a good understanding of the Sunshine Ordinance and that she wanted more ethnic diversity on the body.
Yet the backdrop of these blocked appointments is a running battle that the SOTF has had with the Board of Supervisors over the last couple years, stemming mostly from the SOTF finding that some supervisors violated the ordinance in 2011 by not making public a package of late amendments while passing the massive Parkmerced project.
The City Attorney's Office disagreed with the SOTF interpretation, just as it did earlier that year when the SOTF voted to change its bylaws surrounding how a quorum is calculated. They were the latest battles in a longstanding battle between SOTF and the City Attorney's Office, which sunshine advocates criticize as being too lenient on city agencies that refuse to release documents.
"I was around when the Sunshine Ordinance Task Force decided to change some of the rules against the advice of the City Attorney's Office," Tang told us, calling such actions improper conduct and saying she won't support any SOTF members who took part in that vote.
Thomas Peele, who co-chairs SPJ's Freedom of Information Committee, which made the appointments, told us that he understands Tang's points about diversity, but he doesn't understand why Rumold and Winston were rejected, calling them strong candidates.
"We put up excellent, well qualified candidates," he said. "One of the country's leading FOIA lawyers and a very good police watchdog reporter doing work with Propublica and CIR."
While critics contend the Tang and other supervisors are trying to weaken SOTF as a watchdog agency, Tang told us it wasn't about SPJ's appointments, noting that she also delayed the League of Women Voters appointment of Allyson Washburn. But she said all remain under consideration and could come up for a vote next month.
"I have every intention of supporting someone put forth by those organizations," Tang told us. "I will have a conversation with both those organizations about their nominees."
The SOTF has long struggled to fulfill its mandate. It has little means of enforcing its rulings, which usually require further actions by the City Attorney's Office or the San Francisco Ethics Commission to have teeth.
After the Rules Committee blocked the reappointment of Bruce Wolfe in 2012, citing his role in defying the City Attorney's Office, it was essentially dormant for more than four months because it couldn't meet without a seated member from the disability community, until Bruce Oka was finally appointed in November 2012.
Currently, the Sunshine Task Force has a backlog of over 62 complaints against city agencies for not adhering to the city's sunshine records policies, dating back to 2012. The three re-appointments the Rules Committee did approve, which will go before the Board of Supervisors today, are Todd David, David Pilpel and Louise Fischer — none of whom have much support among longtime Sunshine Ordinance advocates.
"The supervisors," Peele told us, "appear to have an issue with having a strong Sunshine Task Force."
Karen Clopton, past president of the League of Women Voters said she was disappointed that Washburn, a former League board member, wasn't appointed and said the SOTF should be independent: "It's extremely important for us to make sure we entrust such an important task to an individual who is trustworthy, nonpartisan, and devoted to nonpartisanship."


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I have a little project to share with you, it basically brings together two of the things I love: Illustration and packaging. If you are making hand-painted fabric totes, scarves, tablecloths, etc, using fabric paints, then I hope you will like this idea.
A while back I started painting on fabric, using permanent fabric paints and colors. If you have experience with fabric paint, then you must know that to fix the colors you mostly need to iron your finished product on"cotton setting" to make the artwork permanent. But there are products that only need to be air-dried for at least 72 hours before going to the washing machine on a gentle-cycle, and on a certain, usually low, temperature.
As I mixed brands and worked with more than one "instructions booklet," I felt the need to merge the instructions from the different fabric-paint brands in a way to make all the products I worked with laundry-friendly. I decided to choose the instructions that recommended the lowest heat-setting, the lowest washing-machine temperature, and I decided maybe it was best if I recommended all pieces be ironed on reverse, since that was the safest method for some fabric-paint labels, and no tumble dry.
This is the basic illustration I came up with for most of my products. There are items though, that required to be washed by hand. This meant the washing-machine illustration had to go, and another symbol was sketched instead. I did play with this photo (above) a bit and added the colors with Photoshop, but one can achieve a clean colorful illustration by applying acrylic paint with a thin brush.
This is the colorless illustration. I basically used cards that are about the size of a regular business card. The paper has a lot of grain and the color is off-white and very nice to work with.
Here's a label using old markers. I embellished the tag's borders a bit, but I decided later on that this wasn't necessary. You can punch a hole at the side of the tag, insert a nice thread or twine, and use a pin or tape to attach it to the product itself, or to the packaging.
An envelope can also be used if you wanna further spruce up your packaging.
Related Articles
- Handmade Jewelry & Crafts Packaging/Display | By Karboojeh Handmade
- Packaging & Paper DIY: Make your own handmade paper envelope | A Tutorial | By Karboojeh Handmade

subset: commoncrawl


text: This image shows the Add Task Parameter window. This dialog lets you define one of the following parameter types: Type, Element, and Parameter Name. Type and Element have flashlight icons to their right. Below the Parameter Name field is the Editable via worklist check box. Below this are Help, OK, and Cancel buttons.


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- There are too many #@@@&# bowl games. If you are playing in something called the Meineke Car Care Bowl, you really need something better to do. And given the participants in the game this year (noted football powerhouses Wake Forest and Connecticut), if you actually watch something like that, you definitely need something better to do. A Wake-UConn basketball game would be worth watching. Football, not so much.
- Any game that takes place prior to New Year's Day is not worth thinking about. Especially when they are named after muffler shops or websites devoted to pizza delivery. And most of these bowls are.
- Games that take place in Boise, Shreveport or Mobile are not worth thinking about. If you wouldn't consider the destination for a vacation, it's not a serious bowl.
Anyway, let's get on with the picks.
OUTBACK BOWL: WISCONSIN BADGERS 31, TENNESSEE 27. Of course I'm going to pick my beloved Badgers, but there's good reason for it. Tennessee is a middling SEC team and the Badgers have shown a propensity to beat even well-regarded SEC teams in recent years. If Bucky's defense holds up and they aren't blinded by the garish orange uniforms of their opponents, the Badgers should be able to wear down the Vols.
COTTON BOWL: MISSOURI 34, ARKANSAS 24. This should be a good game. Mizzou has a good team for the first time in about 40 years and the Razorbacks have probably the best player in college football in Darren "Pimp My Ride" McFadden. Since it's on at the same time as the Badgers, I won't see it, but it should be fun.
CAPITAL ONE BOWL: FLORIDA 31, MEESHEEGAN 27. The Gators should win this pretty easily, but I suspect that Go Blue will have one more good effort left for ol' Lloyd Carr. Despite their stumbles, the Wolverines have a lot of talent. Tim Tebow is a good quarterback, but he got more hype than he deserved.
GATOR BOWL: TEXAS TECH 44, VIRGINIA 37. This one should be fun. The Red Raiders can score, and will. Virginia is a solid team but I suspect the ACC was overrated this year.
ROSE BOWL: USC 34, ILLINOIS 21. The Illini are no fluke - Ron Zook has done a real nice job with this team. But USC might have the best talent in college football. And in the end, talent will out.
SUGAR BOWL: GEORGIA 41, HAWAII 38. Colt Brennan, the Hawaii quarterback, put up comic opera numbers again this year. But he hasn't played anyone like Georgia. The Bulldogs can score and defend. They'll need to to do both, but I suspect they'll be able to do just enough of both to win this one.
FIESTA BOWL: OKLAHOMA 31, WEST VIRGINIA 30. If the Mountaineers hadn't lost their coach, I'd pick them. But they have. By the way, can you think of a potential matchup that has less desirable demographics than this one?
ORANGE BOWL: VIRGINIA TECH 31, KANSAS 21. I'd like to claim this pick is based on sentiment, but it's not. It's based on experience. And in my experience, Virginia Tech is a long-time powerhouse. Kansas is a nice story, but they won't have enough firepower to win this game. And Mark Mangino needs to lose some weight. I do too, but he looks like he's going to keel over every time I see him on television.
BCS CHAMPIONSHIP GAME: LSU 34, OHIO STATE 28. If the game were in Pasadena, or Glendale, AZ, or Miami, or just about anyplace else, I would pick the Buckeyes. But this may as well be an LSU home game.


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Whither SNIPPETS?
Since this is my first post, I'd like to thank Dr. Dobb's for inviting me to the party.
Dr. Dobb's has begun publishing some of my old C Snippets -- like the one that sorts an array of strings (C Snippet #3) . While many are still useful, I haven't been particularly diligent about maintaining the public collection. This quickly became apparent when letters started coming in with quibbbles and corrections. Putting this in context, I first published the SNIPPETS collection on FidoNet in the days before the ascendancy of the Internet or even the adoption of the ANSI C standard. Most of the collection was complete by 1997. The collection started out as my personal collection of free, reusable code. In that same spirit, I have kept a personal copy fairly well updated.
Since Dr. Dobb's intends to keep publishing these, I need to address this situation. My current plans are:
- Dr. Dobb's is sending me those Snippets they intends to republish so I can make sure they're up to snuff prior to their republication.
- I'll go through the whole collection as quickly as possible to bring everything up to date with the latest versions of the ISO/IEC standard, and to strip out some legacy code which is no longer relevant.
- The original collection was written back in the days of the great PC compiler wars and included a lot of conditional code to support multiple compilers from Microsoft, Borland, Watcom, Zortech/Symantec, and others. I now write for, and test with, only two compilers - Digital Mars C/C++ (the descendant of Zortech/Symantec, and highly compatible with MSVC++) and gcc/g++. Adaptation to other compilers or for specific architectures and/or memory models is left as an exercise for the reader.
- The entire collection will be reposted to the SNIPPETS.ORG server as soon as possible.
- I'm currently going through the Snippets already posted and will send updates to Dr. Dobb's for reposting.
The first issue to be addressed is the code Dr. Dobb's recently republished for calculating wind chill (C Snippet #4) . Go here to see the updates which includes the following:
- Based on reader feedback, I found that the formula has changed, so I changed the function accordingly.
- I added the calculation for heat index and renamed the module to weather.c.
- I included an updated version of metric.h and added flags to the functions which allow temperature and wind speed to be specified in either English or metric units.
- I added a test main() function as I have with other SNIPPETS module to facilitate testing. To use it, simply compile with the TEST macro defined. In this case, the data used is hard coded, taken from published tables of wind chill and heat index.


text:
The Parents Fund enhances the Concordia University, Irvine student experience through annual gifts from parents of current and former students. These gifts comprise the parent contribution to the Concordia Fund, the University's comprehensive Annual Giving Fund.
Gifts to the Parents Fund are a reflection of the value you and your family have in the "Concordia Experience." They immediately contribute to exceptional teaching, classroom technology, and research resources. From the sports field to the arts stage, the science lab to the residential facilities, the Parents Fund keeps undergraduate life thriving.
Thank you for your support!


text:
RV Forum logo wear - click HERE
delete the program, and reinstall. Pretty easy if you have decent connection
I'm going to venture a guess that is it a keyboard problem. Possibly a solder fracture or dirty key switches, but more likely foreign material causing an intermittent short between data lines. You might try a can of compressed air for keyboard cleaning.
Power wash did that.So far problem only exist as I described.
What happens when you enter a 1 or 2 in a Google doc or application other than the browser search field?
Works OK in Search field, but not inside the document. It ask if I want to leave this document. Google sheets, RV Forum , Accu Weather, will close and go back to the previous page. Google news G-Mail, works OK.
Then I stand by my suggestion of a keyboard problem. Whether some sort of debris problem or actually defective, I cannot say, but I suspect the latter. I cannot picture any kind of software problem causing this.
Does the same thing with a external keyboard.
Then it is an even bigger (read 'probably not worth fixing') problem because it would appear there is a problem with the keyboard controller circuit. That's something most folks don't want to tackle and is where the 'not worth it' comes in if you have to have a repair service do it.Keep in mind, troubleshooting from afar is a lot of educating guessing at best.
Could it be related to this?http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2018/02/09/scam-hijacks-google-chrome-browser-tries-to-get-your-personal-data.html
Virus-no, malware-possibly. Maybe this will help:https://chromebook.guide/chromebook-virus-removal/
Yesterday I had to use my Windows laptop to do an update to my Garmin. It was a complete mess. I ended up having to reset the system. That took literally all day. Five or six times it started the 0-100 counter and then started it for a different reason. Frigging updates suck. I was finally able to actually use the dumb thing this morning. The entire time I was using it I was cussing Microsoft. I have been using a Chromebook for 6 years now and I am spoiled by the 8 second boot up, the blazing speed while surfing the Internet, the lack of malware and viruses and the fact the updating goes on behind my back without turning the machine into a turtle.
Windows is a sort of "use it or lose it" affair. If you don't keep it updated, it will choke trying to catch up. I frequently recommend that any Windows machine, in particular Windows 10, be turned on and left on for at least 1 day a week, if it is going to be used at all.
... I have been using a Chromebook for 6 years now and I am spoiled by the 8 second boot up, the blazing speed while surfing the Internet, the lack of malware and viruses and the fact the updating goes on behind my back without turning the machine into a turtle.
Page created in 0.101 seconds with 23 queries.


text:
Quip for IT Operations
IT teams are the glue that hold businesses together. Quip is the knowledge management solution to help you do it. Structure a company wiki, build a self-service knowledge base, and onboard new hires simply and effectively.
Bring structure documents to life
Connect your entire business in one place to capture, share, and discuss knowledge. Quip's living documents keep the often-stale company information – policies, procedures, helpdesk articles – fresh and available. Folders provide a simple and effective way to store and share work, while powerful search finds what you need at first request. Archival information is vital to providing context to all current and future employees.
Self-service is the best service
Centralize help desk documentation, like trouble shooting and how-to articles, and build a self-service knowledge base in Quip. Help your business find answers faster so they can get back to their jobs, and your team can focus on the hard stuff. The best service, is self-service.
Show newbies a new kind of IT
Want to set your new hires up for success? Create a welcome document that highlights how to seek out and request IT support. Direct them to your company wiki, knowledge base articles, and other important systems. Give every employee one document where they can find answers, so you won't have to 'help' them later...over and over again.
Manage one tool, not five
Give every team, project, or department its own folder and chat room to create, share, discuss, and store work. Quip's super power is combining teams, content, and communication in a single, simple experience. Unite your team in Quip and manage one tool your company will love for all things collaboration.
Keep your private parts private
Quip gives you control over your most important company data. Easily manage your team's access, SSO, add and remove users, and disable accounts when employees leave the company. Quip's development team is made up of engineers from Facebook and Google who have extensive experience running reliable, scalable web sites. You can read more about Quip's security here: Security Overview & FAQ.
Customize and enhance Quip
Quip is compatible with hundreds of programs, and also integrates with IFTTT and Zapier so you can connect Quip to the tools your organization already depends on. Integrate Quip with Github, Slack, PagerDuty, Stripe, Twitter, Zendesk, JIRA, and much more.
Sign up to try Quip for free
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How the Quip IT team uses Quip
Our IT team loves Quip because it keeps the business organized, aligned, and connected. Here's a few examples of documents you'll find in our wiki and knowledge base.
Quip is the default. You don't even think about it anymore. It's where you capture your thoughts, where you do your work and how we share things.
Lew Cirne
Chief Data Nerd at New Relic
Work less dumb with Quip
Start kicking our tires today.
Only start paying us if you love it.


text:
Back in 2009, I went for a walk in Ste-Anne's cemetery.
I took my camera along.
I don't believe Jacques Bélisle's grave is still there.
Once it stops raining, I will go for another walk…
Back in 2009, I went for a walk in Ste-Anne's cemetery.
I took my camera along.
I don't believe Jacques Bélisle's grave is still there.
Once it stops raining, I will go for another walk…
Someone once told to me a few years ago to my surprise that the standard burial rule for cemeteries in Quebec for one's resting place was only a temparay lease of the grave site which expiered after ninety-nine years is up thus making the space availble then to be used by others. This is a question I think should be asked perhaps of some one belonging to the church in St Anne's to see if this is correct or not and also where one could find or look at a plot map for the cemetery which tells where each person put there is.
Ron Depatie Belisle .
I must take a minute and thank everyone who is offering their help in my quest in this matter. Never in my life have I received so much from a town and its great people. I "THANK" you all everyone from my heart. My thoughts this morning was also that gggrandpa Jacques may be with the Therriens and maybe also at St. Jerome with his father and other Belisle family.
I think that I will have to put two weeks supplies of grocery in the camper when I go to figure out this puzzle.
They say buried in the cemetery of the place so it is in Ste-Anne.
It would be nice to find the spot even if it was under the new church construction. I am sure he would not mind as he and his family spent their lives building new construction and we would be happy to know he is helping to hold it up.
These are wonderful photographs I believe these were taken where my greatgrandparents and rest of my family is buried in St.Anne Illinois and right now I am doing research on ancestry.com and was wondering if you have any more photographs maybe with the name St. Pierre


text:
I know folks are heading out for Winter Break soon, so I thought I'd provide you with some reading material for your plane, train, automobile or couch ride. These are White Whale's strategic recommendations for CC's new Web presence. (You'll need to use your CC login info to download the document.) Much of what you see in the first round design mockups are based on these recommendations. If you have any questions or comments about this document, please send them my way.
Have a wonderful break!


text:
Move over "La Cage Aux Folles" and "Victor Victoria." There's a new girl coming to Broadway if Tony-winning producer Scott Sanders has his way: "Tootsie."
Sony Pictures Entertainment has announced it has signed a five-year deal with Sanders to adapt the studio's films for the stage, reports the Los Angeles Times. And first show to hit the Great White Way will be "Tootsie," the 1982 comedy that starred Dustin Hoffman in the title role of an out-of-work actor who dons women's garb in order to land a part on a daytime televised soap opera.
Directed by Sydney Pollack, the film - which also starred Jessica Lange, Bill Murray, Teri Garr, Dabney Coleman and Geena Davis - was nominated for 10 Academy Awards, with Lange being the only winner for best actress in a supporting role. "Tootsie" was the second highest grossing film of 1982 coming in second to "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial."
U.S. & World
According to the L.A. Times, part of the deal sees Sony purchasing a 20% equity stake in the 5-year-old Scott Sanders Theatrical Productions, though a dollar amount has not been disclosed.
Sanders' previous Broadway productions include the musical adaptation of "The Color Purple," "Evita," "The Pee-Wee Herman Show" and "Elaine Stritch: At Liberty." Sanders will also produce the upcoming musical "Houdini," starring Hugh Jackman.


text:
- Income Investing
More Weak Inflows For Muni Funds
- Order Reprints
- Print Article
It's now six straight weeks of net inflows for municipal-bond mutual funds and ETFs, and nine weeks out of the past 10, but somehow it still doesn't feel like investors are robust in their embrace of the muni market, after the same funds registered 33 straight weeks of often heavy outflows between last May and early January. Said funds reported a $108 million net inflow in the week ended Wednesday, per Lipper data, less than half of the $224 million inflow seen a week earlier. The average net inflow over the past four weeks fell to $169 million from $223 million a week ago. By comparison weekly outflows last year regularly topped the $1 billion mark.
Similar data released Wednesday by the Investment Company Institute measured muni fund inflows from a week ago at a healthier $551 million, still down from $756 million the previous week.
The iShares S&P National AMT-Free Muni Bond (MUB) ETF closed Thursday down 1 cent at $106.65, down 39 cents from a week ago.


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Rest easy, America: Congress is going to make sure the government doesn't shut down just after Easter – even though you've got to continue living under the sequester
The Senate passed what's known as a "continuing resolution" on Wednesday night by a vote of 73 to 26, with all but one Democrat joining 19 Republicans. The measure would keep government operations running from March 27 until the end of the fiscal year on Sept. 30. That gives Washington time to have a robust debate about deficits, entitlement reform, and taxes as part of the negotiations over next fiscal year's budget.
The House of Representatives is expected to take up and pass the continuing resolution Thursday afternoon.
While the bill left the automatic, across-the-board spending reductions known as the "sequester" in place, a bipartisan team of legislators in both chambers deftly handled the measure so that it did not turn into a political conflagration and threaten a government shutdown.
"This is pretty good to show that we can work in a bipartisan basis, that we can actually govern, and that we can conduct ourselves with decourm," said Sen. Barbara Mikulski (D) of Maryland, the chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee who shepherded the bill through the Senate, on the Senate floor after the bill's passage. "For all who watched the debate here in the last week, they saw civility, they saw sensibility."
The process began when House Republicans led by Rep. Hal Rogers of Kentucky, chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, passed a government funding measure that updated the budgets for the Defense Department, veterans affairs, and military construction. Because Congress has failed to pass many appropriations bills in recent years, many government agencies are running under budgets that are out-of-date.
By updating spending priorities, then, House Republicans were able to reallocate resources to better uses without raising the politically messy issue of altering the sequester, which began falling across nearly all government priorities on March 1.
To the House bill, Senator Mikulski and the top Republican member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Sen. Richard Shelby of Alabama, added updated budgets for other federal departments, including Agriculture, Commerce, Justice, Homeland Security, as well as government science spending.
Senate leaders also allowed a handful of slight tweaks to the bill, such as a bipartisan amendment brought by Sen. Roy Blunt (R) of Missouri and Sen. Mark Pryor (D) of Arkansas that will keep food inspectors on the job.
All the while, Mikulski and Senator Shelby stayed in close contact with both Senate and House leaders to ensure the final package would be able to be taken up whole by the House before both chambers leave Friday for the two-week home work period around the Easter holiday.
The orderly, assiduously bipartisan process was a stark departure from the teeth-gritting budget negotiations of years gone by, where Republicans would use the need to extend government funding or to raise the debt ceiling as a point of leverage against Democrats.
But even so, many Republicans opposed the bill because some, like Sen. John McCain (R) of Arizona and Sen. Tom Coburn (R) of Oklahoma, dug up a handful of spending they found wasteful but could not get expunged from the final legislation.
Given the scope of the legislation, plenty of lawmakers were frustrated by being unable to offer amendments of interest to their state.
Sen. Jerry Moran (R) of Kansas slowed consideration of the entire measure for more than a day in what turned into a vain attempt to force a vote on his preferred amendment, which would have helped shield some air traffic controllers at rural airports from being cut. Sen. Rob Portman (R) of Ohio opposed the measure in part because he'd rather NASA invest in existing facilities – including two in Ohio – than build new ones.
By giving Congress six months of running room, many lawmakers in both chambers have expressed the hope that Congress will return to the "regular order" of passing the 12 individual appropriations bills needed to update funding for all government spending in the months to come rather than risk another government shutdown fight come the fall.
"Passing government funding through the end of the fiscal year and averting yet another crisis at the end of the month is a responsible decision and another sign that both parties are ready to embrace an orderly process," said Sen. Tim Kaine (D) of Virginia in a statement. "I look forward to our next chance to put the old governing by crisis playbook to rest."
But beyond the bill's bipartisan legacy, it also locked in the cuts from the sequester – something President Obama vowed would not happen on the campaign trail and up until several months ago congressional Republicans were committed to replacing.
And actual spending reductions, even if achieved in a less-than-optimal, across-the-board fashion, were worth cheering by Republicans on both sides of Capitol Hill.
"Many times in Washington something that is called a spending cut isn't actually a cut; it just means spending is growing more slowly than it did the year before," said Sen. Bob Corker (R) of Tennessee, a leading advocate of a sweeping "grand bargain" to the nation's fiscal predicament, in a statement. "This continuing resolution is significant because it contains real cuts. Total discretionary spending for this fiscal year will actually be lower than last fiscal year – and in Washington, that's a good first step."


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|Seedlings : Storytime for Three Year Olds
Event Type: Preschool
Date: 9/26/2019
Start Time: 10:00 AM
End Time: 10:30 AM
Seedlings Storytime for Three Year Olds features developmentally-appropriate stories, songs and poems that support the PA Early Learning Standards -- a pre-registered, six-week series.Library: Chester County Library
A PA Forward Basic Literacy Program.
Please use a valid e-mail address. In the case of inclement weather, please check www.chescolibraries.org or call 610-280-2630.
Location: Storytime Room
Registration Ends: 9/10/2019 at 5:00 PM
Contact: Lisa Urbani
Contact Number: 610-280-2630
Presenter: Lisa Urbani
Status: We're sorry. This event is currently full.
|Please Note


text:
Hi all,
I am newbie in xfce, I was using kde and after mate DE. Xfce is really light and I am using it now, but sometimes I am a little confused and do not know how to solve it.
I like dark wallpapers and the xfce default desktop icon font is black, like this:
I would like desktop fonts like gnome or mate (white font with black border);
Please, How can I solve it?
(Sorry my English)
Edit your .gtkrc-2.0 file to include this.
style "xfdesktop-icon-view" {
XfdesktopIconView::ellipsize-icon-labels = 0
XfdesktopIconView::label-alpha = 0
XfdesktopIconView::selected-label-alpha = 0
base[NORMAL] = "#ffffff"
base[SELECTED] = "#ffffff"
base[ACTIVE] = "#fefefe"
fg[NORMAL] = "#ffffff"
fg[SELECTED] = "#73B2D0"
fg[ACTIVE] = "#97CDFD"
widget_class "*XfdesktopIconView*" style "xfdesktop-icon-view"
The fg[SELECTED] is a light blue, so you might want to change it if you want a different color.
bah weep grana weep ninny bon.
Thanks SantaFe;
Almost got what I want, I will search how to put black border on the letter, or if anyone knows how to do it, I will thank a lot.
See how it looks.
Found this link: http://git.xfce.org/xfce/xfdesktop/tree/README that has several examples of xfdesktopiconview settings. For Example:
XfdesktopIconView::shadow-x-offset = 1
XfdesktopIconView::shadow-y-offset = 1
XfdesktopIconView::shadow-color = "#ff0000"
XfdesktopIconView::selected-shadow-x-offset = 2
XfdesktopIconView::selected-shadow-y-offset = 2
XfdesktopIconView::selected-shadow-color = "#00ff00"
It says here:
The second six entries can be used to enable a text shadow to be painted
with the icon labels. The offsets are in pixels. Setting them to 0 (the
defaults) will disable the shadows entirely. Again, the 'selected-'
versions apply to icons that have been selected with the mouse.
So the above entries might be what you're looking for.
Never cared for shadows myself, so that's probably why mine didn't have those lines. But like your screenshot!
bah weep grana weep ninny bon.
Thanks SantaFe;
Yes, I believe that mate desktop letters uses shadow option, not black border; I will try your tip and will post here the result.
Thanks SantaFe;
Your tip solves my problem.
Last edited by jungle_man (2013-02-21 02:40:52)


text:
Use the links below to find hotels in each location.
Join us on:
The Holiday Reviews and other views posted on Holiday Watchdog are that of the visitors that have submitted them and are
NOT the opinion of Holiday Watchdog.
Holiday Watchdog Hotel & Holiday Reviews, Vacation Reviews & Independent Travel Review and Travel Advice.


text:
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King Yama Has Come to Visit
Unless she had the ability to kill Princess Xiang after getting married. Like this, she could follow the example of the Feng family and have the head wife replaced, with her making the decisions in the Xiang Palace.
That night, Feng Yu Heng slept while hugging gold, and Feng Jin Yuan slept while laying plans. The matriarch slept with all kinds of worries, and Feng Chen Yu was sleeping uneasily while thinking of how to forcefully usurp the position of Princess Xiang.
In truth, nobody in the Feng family was at peace. Han shi and Fen Dai also had complaints. They had endured the departure of one head wife, and Han shi's belly had already grown so much, but she still could not climb to the position of head wife. But Han shi also had her own way of thinking. As she saw it, the Feng family's head wife position was inauspicious. No matter who it was, as long as they took that position, they would definitely not meet a good end. Yao shi was now protected by her daughter, but when the Yao family was demoted, how miserable was her situation.
She explained this situation to Fen Dai, and Fen Dai felt that it seemed to be the case. Right now, the situation was unclear, and protecting their lives was most important, thus she did not beat Han shi over the head with the matter of becoming the head wife.
Early the next morning, the Feng matriarch sent granny Zhao to the county princess' manor with Chen Yu's engagement note. When Wang Chuan received the note at the entrance, granny Zhao craned her neck and peered inside the manor. Unfortunately, the imperial guards at the entrance blocked the view very well.
Granny Zhao helplessly returned to report. Not long later, Xuan Tian Ming's imperial carriage arrived in front of the county princess' manor. Feng Yu Heng brought along Wang Chuan and Huang Quan while pushing the wheelchair out.
The group went to the Xiang Palace like this. When Feng Yu Heng got out of the imperial carriage, the Xiang Palace's guards were all solemn. When Duan Mu Qing returned yesterday, he had only told Xuan Tian Ye about Feng Yu Heng wanting to come and give a gift; however, he did not tell the servants to welcome her. Thus, for the guards, county princess coming was all too sudden, and… it was scary.
That's right, scary. One of the younger guards even felt their teeth clack against each other. Gently using their elbow to prod the person at their side, he looked to the side and quietly asked: "Why has she come?"
The one to the side also felt his head swell. At the time, Feng Yu Heng had whipped the third prince in front of the palace, taking half of the dignified third prince's life. The guards of the palace were nearly scared to death.
After nearly half a year, county princess Ji An had come to the palace once more. What was she here to do?
A larger guard said with a trembling voice: "She shouldn't have come for a fight, right? Oh my heavens, his Highness the third prince is still lying in bed. If they were to fight again, would he not breathe his last breath?"
While the two spoke, Feng Yu Heng and Xuan Tian Ming had already walked up the steps to the entrance. The guards looked at Feng Yu Heng, who had already left a deep impression on the entire Xiang Palace. They then looked at Xuan Tian Ming, who had regained his mobility at some unknown point. The shadow in their hearts gradually expanded.
Someone gritted their teeth and went forward, saluting and asking: "Your Highness, county princess, you two are…"
Feng Yu Heng jutted out her small chin and said: "We came to visit third brother. I have not seen him for many months. I wonder if his injuries have gotten any better."
These words were like lines out of a play to the ears of the guards. These two had come to visit?
But even if they did not believe them, what could they do? One was a prince and one was a county princess. Neither of them could be offended, so they could only quickly go in to report. Not long later, it was Duan Mu Qing that personally came out to welcome them into the palace.
While going into the Xiang Palace, Xuan Tian Ming and Feng Yu Heng saw no shortage of people with looks of fear and horror. Everyone guessed at the reason that they had come to visit. After Duan Mu Qing invited the two into a hall and two servants came forward with tea, they finally heard Feng Yu Heng say: "Yesterday, deputy leader came to visit and mentioned the matter of his Highness Prince Xiang wishing to marry the Feng family's daughter of a concubine, Feng Chen Yu, and take her in as a secondary princess. Father and grandmother attached great importance to this and especially sent this county princess to bring the engagement note of the future secondary princess to the Xiang Palace."
Only then did they understand, oh, so they had come to send an engagement note.
A servant went forward and received the engagement note. They then heard Feng Yu Heng continue: "Also, since this is the official exchanging of engagement notes for her to become the secondary princess, and although she will not become the head wife, she will be formally and officially wed, I wonder when the Xiang Palace will be sending its betrothal gifts?"
Duan Mu Qing squinted his eyes and looked at Feng Yu Heng. He then looked to the side at Xuan Tian Ming, who was calmly drinking tea. Remembering how the two had worked together to scam Qian Zhou of ten million taels of gold, he asked with some vigilance: "I wonder what sort of requests the Feng family has for the betrothal gift?"
Feng Yu Heng giggled, "This is not the first time that his Highness the third prince was getting married. He should be rather familiar with these rules, right! The one getting married from the Feng family is the daughter of a concubine. Everything just needs to be done according to the rules."
Duan Mu Qing let out a slight sigh of relief, nodding, "Don't worry. The Xiang Palace's betrothal gift will be prepared today."
"Un." Feng Yu Heng also nodded then moved on to the next reason for her visit, "Where is third brother? This county princess brought a gift to come and see him. I wonder if it's possible to see him?"
"Hah!" Xuan Tian Ming, who had remained silent the entire time finally spoke, "What sort of thing are you asking. You are his younger sister, and you are the county princess of Ji An. Moreover, isn't this prince here too? If you want to see him, just go directly. What are you wasting your breath asking a lowly fourth ranked official for?" Saying this, he stood up and pulled Feng Yu Heng's small hand while walking out.
Duan Mu Qing quickly stood up and said: "Please wait!"
Xuan Tian Ming's eyes lit up, "Duan Mu Qing, do you want to die or do you not want to live? In front of this prince, when has there been a right for you to speak?"
Duan Mu Qing was a tyrant when in the North, but when he came to a place like the capital where powerful officials gathered, it really was as Xuan Tian Ming said. He was nothing more than a lowly fourth ranked official. But no matter how lowly an official, he was still the deputy leader of that special administrative area. Practically everyone had to give him some face.
Unfortunately, Xuan Tian Ming was not among that group.
Duan Mu Qing also understood. The strong position that he dared to show in front of the standard first rank official, Feng Jin Yuan, was something that he had absolutely no right to show in front of the ninth prince.
He realized this point and quickly shut his mouth. He also stopped in his tracks and watched, as the two walked toward the inner courtyard.
Duan Mu Qing felt that something seemed to be off. After thinking a bit, he asked a servant at his side: "What was the servant at county princess Ji An's side pushing?"
The servant replied: "It's a wheelchair."
Another person with sharper eyes said: "It seems to be the wheelchair that his Highness the ninth prince was sitting in."
Duan Mu Qing was confused, "His legs have already recovered. Isn't he already quite lively and active? Isn't pushing around a wheelchair doing something unnecessary? He…" He spoke up to this point then seemed recall something. He then stomped his feet and quickly followed the two people to the inner courtyard.
At this time, Xuan Tian Ye was lying in bed. He could speak, and he could move his head and hands, and with some effort, he could barely move his arms. But he could not roll over, and he could not raise his legs, so getting out of bed was even more impossible. Both of his knees were wrapped up in a white cloth with some bloodstains being barely visible.
At his side, aside from the servants of the palace, there was another person sitting there. That person looked to be in his early 30s, and he wore a long black robe. He was tall and his face was thin. His face was gloomy the entire time, as he stared at Xuan Tian Ye's legs. He looked to be quite ghostly.
The Xiang Palace's servants did not get too close to him, but because they had to take care of Xuan Tian Ye, they had to be in the same room as him. Looking carefully, the servants in the room walked while looking away. They did not want to look at that person at all.
When Feng Yu Heng and Xuan Tian Ming entered the room, the servants all let out a sigh of relief, feeling that as long as an extra person entered, there would be a bit more positive energy in the room. But when they saw who exactly had come, they quickly lost the relief that they had just gained.
The servants kneeled on the ground and kowtowed to Xuan Tian Ming and Feng Yu Heng; however, the person in black robes did not move. Even the third prince turned his head while lying in bed. With anger and hatred in his eyes, he glared at the two; however, Feng Yu Heng received it with a smile: "Third brother, have you gotten better?" As though she was chatting about daily life, acting as though he was completely without injuries to his entire body.
Xuan Tian Ye's chest rose and fell angrily, and the person in the black robe finally spoke: "That's no good. You must remain calm."
"Right." Feng Yu Heng nodded, going forward to stand at the side of the bed, looking for a while. She even reached out to press on his ribs and knees, causing a sweat to break out on Xuan Tian Ye's forehead in an instant. The person in black robes wanted to stop her. Unfortunately, before Xuan Tian Ming needed to do anything, he was stopped by Huang Quan.
Feng Yu Heng squeezed and prodded then said: "Your internal organs have recovered quite well, but the treatment of your bones was not done in a timely manner. Although you have new knees, the technique was poor. The new bone and the joint are unable to reach the optimal fusion point. Even if you can recover to the point of bending your knees, it is impossible for you to stand once more."
"That's impossible!" Just as Feng Yu Heng finished speaking, the person in black robes spat out the word impossible. He then immediately said: "I chose from among 30 sets of legs and decided on this set. This was the set closest to the original bones. There was also extreme care paid to the time of transplant. It's impossible that his Highness will never stand again! Cease your nonsense!"
"Tsk." Xuan Tian Ming rolled his eyes, sitting down on his own and putting on an expression as though he was watching a play.
Feng Yu Heng looked at the person in black robes and raised her eyebrow: "Ghost doctor Song Kang?" She then let out a cold snort: "The leg bones of 30 living people and many decades of experimentation led to this sort of level?" She looked at Xuan Tian Ye's knees then shook her head, saying: "Stumbling across a few successes netted you the name ghost doctor. This county princess truly thought that you were an amazing person. Today, it seems that you are just so-so."
Ghost doctor Song Kang was stunned for a moment. A hint of joy then appeared on his face, as he stared at Feng Yu Heng and asked: "You are the capital's county princess Ji An?"
Feng Yu Heng did not reply, as she also pulled a chair over and sat at Xuan Tian Ming's side. A servant came up, giving her a cup of tea. Taking a sip, she looked at Xuan Tian Ye's legs once more before slowly saying: "The wound is red and swelling badly, it's clear that it has become infected."
Song Kang blinked and looked expectantly at Feng Yu Heng, waiting for her to continue speaking.
Feng Yu Heng did not disappoint him, continuing: "It is lacking a sterile area. This is the main reason for an infection during a surgery. I will ask you, before you transplanted the bone, did you change into new clothes for this special occasion?"
Song Kang did not understand, but he still shook his head. He wore this set of robes throughout the year and never changed it.
"Then have you passed your tools through high temperatures to take care of them? Did you clean your hands?"
Song Kang shook his head once more, but he added: "I did clean my hands."
Feng Yu Heng, however, said: "Using water to wash them is pointless." Looking again at the small tools on the table, it was clear that they were primitive surgical tools. Unfortunately, they were too rudimentary. If she was not someone that also worked in this field, she would be completely unable to recognize them. "What are these things?"
Seeing Feng Yu Heng frown in confusion, Song Kang felt that he had regained a bit of face. Shaking free of Huang Quan's grasp, he looked up and proudly said: "These are tools used to perform my secret techniques. Presently, I am the only person in the world that knows how to use them."
"Oh." Feng Yu Heng nodded then reached out and pointed at all of them, saying: "The scissors are too large, the head of the scalpel isn't wide enough, and you don't have pliers to stanch bleeding. What did you use to block the blood vessels?" While saying this to the dazed Song Kang, she reached into her sleeve and pulled out a complete set of surgical tools.


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Dear Em,
Here is one right back at you, and if it has the punch that I feel like giving, I think we will come out even. We have just come in from out post, a job we have been on for the last twenty four hours. I suppose this telling you of our out post duty is getting to be old stuff with you. Well if it is, old stuff to you, believe me it is sertainly getting to be very, very stail stuff for us. It is the third time we have furnished out post, besides, twice interior guard, and twice acting as reserve. Of coarse this will be all Dutch to you unless I discribe it to you.
We are using two companies for out post every night. This is a position taken up as near the boundary as is possible, but at the same time to allow safe cover and observation. I don't want you to think I am fore flushing when I say that last night, the corporal of sentry squad no. one, and I, jumped through the barb wire fence into Mexico, but we jumped right back again.
My duty was to take charge of two sentry squads. Now a sentry squad is one squad (eight men). Two men from each of these are sent out; the rest are held back to rest, and to releave those already out at sertain intervales. I have to post these men to the best advantage and see that they under stand their special orders, which were last night to arrest any and all persons found crossing our chain of sentinels, to search them for arms and amunition, and to look out for the smuggling of Chinamen into this country. This is all out post work.
The reserve means nothing more than the word itself. It consists of two or more companies held about one hundred yards in rear, ready to go up into action should the out post be attacked. Interior gaurd is tacken care of by one other company. Their duty is to keep order in camp such as, see that all lights are out at taps, arrest any one that is found outside of camp with out a pass, and to take care of prisoners. All this is just a brief outline of the different classes of guard duty but I guess even this much is plenty enough, for you to say, (Well Now I Don't Know).
This morning two privates from one of the Michigan regiments wanted to take pictures of one of the boundary monuments. Seargeant Smith and I had the sentry hold them until we had time, and then we marched them down and made them take our pictures. We took a chance in doing this but we got away with it and if we get the result of the experience, (the picture) why it will be well worth the chance. Of coarse home it goes if I am lucky enough to get it. I thank Lena for the writing paper, and I am going to see how quick I can use it up, by writing to you. The stamps were just the thing I neaded for I haven't been to El Paso for over a week, on account of the recruits and all the gaurd we had to stand. I expect to get a pass tomorrow, for I nead a hair cut, and a little change of scenery. If you could see me writing this letter you would wonder how I do it, but I guess I will be better off pretty soon, for the tent squad is talking of making a table to overcome this difficulty.
I got Berts postal from Providence and I thank him for the same. By the way John Marks sends his regards; he is doing fine. As for pulling down my pants, we have got our new uniforms now, and maybe I'm not sorry class. And the ball games. I put the fellows that play this game down in a climate like this, in the same class as those that run in the Marathon every year, nuts. Some of the boys just got a water mellon somewhere and gee what a mess we have made. There is some of it on this sheet of paper, but you should worry. I hope Henry is well and do show him these letters. Also send the picture you promised in your last. I hope Molly finds a good place in the old town if she moves. I hope I hear from Renney, he's a good kid.
There is no need of sending news papers unless there is something very interesting in them for the boys here have papers come to them. You said in this letter you haven't much news. Well let me tell you, even an envelope from you is news. I am very glad to hear that pa is feeling all right. It is half the letter. That was a good one you pulled at the band concert, and I guess you hit the nail on the head too as far as the other fellows are concerned anyway. I sure do wish I was walking Bunker Hill St. instead of this desert.
As for being good, well you can't last long down here unless you do, so don't worry on that score. I haven't heard from the shop as yet, but I have sent the boss a letter and I hope to hear from him any day now. I am glad to say we get enough to eat, but sorry to say that I can't eat much at any time, Ill make up for it when I get home.
Well I guess Ill close now and go to sleep after twenty four hours of continual patroling and instructing. Me for El Paso tomorrow, and I think the change will do me good. I will close now by saying Good Night.
Your loving brother
© Copyright 2008 by Richard Landers, All Rights Reserved. No reproduction without permission.


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Beekeeping Glossary
Note that the underlined terms are 'active links' and have additional resources available by clicking those links.
Abdomen: Segmented posterior part of bee containing heart, honey, stomach, intestines, reproductive organs, and sting.
Acarapis woodi: Scientific name of acarine mite, which infests tracheae of bees.
Acarine disease: Condition caused by Acarapis woodi.
Acid board (also Fume board): A rimmed hive cover containing a pad of absorbent material into which benzadehyde or butyric anhydride (bee repellents) is poured. Used to remove bees from honey supers.
AHB: Africanized honeybee.
Alighting board: Extended entrance of beehive on which incoming bees land.
[temporary link to working photo:] https://beesource.com/resources/elem...ighting-board/
Allele: One of a pair or series of alternative genes that can occur at a given point on a chromosome.
American foul brood (AFB): Contagious disease of bee larvae caused by Bacillus larvae.
AMM (Apis Millifera Millifera):The European dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera) was domesticated in modern times, and taken to North America in colonial times. These small, dark-colored honey bees are sometimes called the German black bee, although they occurred originally from Britain to eastern Central Europe.
Antennae: Slender jointed feelers, which bear certain sense organs, on head of insects.
Anther: Part of plant that develops and contains pollen.
Apiarist: Beekeeper.
Apiary: Group of bee colonies kept in one location (bee yard).
Apiculture: The science and art of studying and using honey bees for man's benefit.
Apis: The genus to which the honey bee belongs.
Apis mellifera: Scientific name of the Western honey bee.
Apis cerana: Scientific name of the Eastern honey bee, the honey producer of South Asia, also called Apis indica.
Apis dorsata: Scientific name for the large honey bee of Asia which builds open air nests of single comb suspended from tree branches, rocky ledges, etc.
Apis florea: Scientific name for the small honey bee of Asia.
Artificial insemination: See instrumental insemination.
Autopollination: The automatic transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma within a flower as it opens.
Bacillus larvae: Bacterial organism causing American foulbrood.
Balling a queen: Clustering around unacceptable queen by worker bees to form a tight ball; usually queen dies or is killed in this way.
Bee bread: Pollen stored in cells of the comb and used by bees for food.
Bee dance: Anthropomorphic term for one of several physical maneuvers conducted within a bee colony; it has very inaccurate correlations relative to a forager's flight experience in the field (distance and direction of the site visited), but odor on the dancer's body appears to be the means of communication that recruits use to find the same nectar or pollen source.
Bee escape: Device to let bees pass in only one direction; usually inserted between honey supers and brood chambers, for removal of bees from honey supers.
Bee gum: Usually hollow log hive.
Beehive: Domicile prepared for colony of honey bees.
Bee louse: Relatively harmless insect that gets on honey bees, but larvae can damage honeycomb; scientific name is Braula coeca.
Bee lust: An insatiable covetousness of more bees, hives, and/or beekeeping paraphernalia that leads one to amass more than they can possibly maintain or has the knowledge to manage.
Bee metamorphosis: The transformation of the bee from egg to larva to pupa and finally to the adult stage.
Bee moth: See wax moth.
Bee paralysis: An adult bee disease of chronic and acute type caused by different viruses.
Bee space: A space (1/4- to 5/16-inch) big enough to permit free passage for a bee but too small to encourage comb building. Leaving bee space between parallel beeswax combs and between the outer comb and the hive walls is the basic principle of hive construction.
Beeswax: Wax secreted from glands on the underside of bee abdomen; molded by bees to form honeycomb.
Bee tree: A hollow tree occupied by a colony of bees.
Bee veil: See veil.
Bee venom: Poison injected by bee sting.
Bee yard: (See Apiary).
Bottom board: Floor of beehive.
Brace comb: Section of comb built between and attached to other combs.
Braula coeca: See bee louse.
Boardman feeder: A small, wooden feeder placed at the hive entrance and holding an inverted pint or quart glass jar of sugar syrup. Not recommended.
Brood: Immature or developing stages of bees; includes eggs, larvae (unsealed brood), and pupae (sealed brood).
Brood chamber: The area of the hive where the brood is reared; usually the lowermost hive bodies.
Brood comb: Wax comb from brood chamber of hive containing brood.
Brood nest: Area of hive where bees are densely clustered and brood is reared.
Burr comb: Comb built out of place, between movable frames or between the hive bodies.
BT: Bacillus thuringiensis. Used for controlling wax moths. Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai strain NB200 is a part of a large group of bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), that occur naturally in soil. These bacteria are toxic to certain species of insects and can be used as an insecticides. Once ingested by larvae, Bt bacteria release a toxic protein into the insect digestive system. This protein causes death by attaching to the gut, eventually rupturing it. Different strains of Bt are toxic to specific groups of insects. Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai strain NB200 is known to be toxic to numerous species of moths, including many pests of agricultural crops.
Candy/Fondant Board - piece of equipment made for feeding bees during freezing weather when liquid feeding is not advised. Deeper than an inner cover to make room for the candy fondant, it replaces the inner cover (candy fondant side down). Sometimes built with a 2" block of polystyrene foam on top for insulation, and usually given some form of ventilation like a drilled hole or an aquarium hose running out of the hive. Fondant recipes may vary, but generally sugar and water are mixed fairly thick (7 parts sugar to 2 parts water has been mentioned), the mixture is heated to 230 to 240 degrees F, stirred until it thickens, then poured into the board, with or without wax paper lining.
Capped brood: Brood (either last larval stage or pupal stage) that has been capped over in its cell.
Capped honey: Cells full of honey, closed or capped with beeswax.
Cappings: Beeswax covering of cells of honey which are removed before extracting.
Cappings spinner: A centrifuge with wire-screened baskets used to separate honey from wax.
Castes: The three types of individual bees (workers, drones, and queen) that comprise the adult population of a bee colony.
Carniolan bees: A race of honey bees which originated in the southern part of the Austrian Alps and northern Yugoslavia.
Caucasian bees: A race of honey bees native to the high valleys of the Central Caucasus.
Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD): a phenomenon in which worker bees from a beehive or European honey bee colony abruptly disappear. While such disappearances have occurred throughout the history of apiculture, the term colony collapse disorder was first applied to a drastic rise in the number of disappearances of Western honey bee colonies in North America in late 2006. The cause or causes of the syndrome are not yet fully understood.
Cell: The six-sided compartment of a honeycomb, used to raise brood or to store honey and pollen. Worker cells approximate five to the linear inch, drone cells are larger averaging about four to the linear inch.
Cell cup: Initially constructed base of queen cell; also made artificially for queen rearing.
Checkerboarding: A management technique to prevent swarming, termed by Walt Wright. See: https://www.beesource.com/forums/showthread.php?194278
Chilled brood: Brood that has died because of chilling. It can be a result of mistreatment of the bees by the beekeeper. It also can be caused by a pesticide hit that primarily kills off the adult population, or by a sudden drop in temperature during rapid spring buildup. The brood must be kept warm at all times; nurse bees will cluster over the brood to keep it at the right temperature. When a beekeeper opens the hive (to inspect, remove honey, check the queen, or just to look) and prevents the nurse bees from clustering on the frame for too long, the brood can become chilled, deforming or even killing some of the bees.
Chromosomes: The structures in a cell that carry the genes.
Chunk honey: A jar of honey containing both liquid (extracted) honey and a piece of comb with honey.
Cleansing flight: Flight bees take after days of confinement, during which they void their feces.
Clipped queen: Queen whose wing (or wings) has been clipped for identification purposes.
Cluster: Loosely, any group of bees that forms a relatively compact aggregation. A winter cluster is composed of all the bees in the colony huddled as closely together as necessary to maintain the required temperature. As the ambient temperature increases, the cluster expands until it loses its identity but it will reappear if the temperature drops.
Colony: Social community of several thousand worker bees, usually containing one queen, with or without drones. (See social insects.)
Comb: (See honeycomb).
Comb foundation: Thin sheet of beeswax impressed by mill to form bases of cells; some foundation also is made of plastic and metal.
Comb honey: Honey marketed and eaten in the comb.
Corbicula: See pollen basket.
Creamed honey: Honey made to crystallize smoothly by seeding with 10 percent crystallized honey and storing at about 57°F.
Cross pollination: Transfer of pollen between plants which are not of identical genetic material.
Crystallized honey: Honey hardened by formation of dextrose-hydrate crystals. Can be reliquefied by gentle heat.
Cut comb honey: Comb honey cut into appropriate sizes and packed in plastic.
Dearth: Severe to total lack of availability, usually in reference to nectar and/or pollen.
Demaree: Method of swarm control, by which queen is separated from most of brood; devised by man of that name.
Dextrose: Also known as glucose; one of principal sugars of honey.
Diastase: Enzyme that aids in converting starch to sugar.
Diploid: An organism or cell with two sets of chromosomes, for example, worker and queen honey bees.
Disappearing disease: A condition in which colonies become weak from causes which are not readily identifiable.
Division board: Flat board used to separate two colonies or colony into two parts.
Division board feeder: A wooden or plastic trough which is placed in the hive in a frame space to feed the colony honey or sugar syrup.
Drawn comb: Comb having the cells built out (drawn) by honey bees from a sheet of foundation. Cells are about 1/2-inch deep.
Drift: Movement of bees from their original hive into a neighboring hive frequent with drones and surprisingly common with workers.
Drone comb: Comb with about four cells to the inch and in which drones are reared.
Drone congregation area (DCA): an area where many drones from surrounding colonies gather to mate with queens during their nuptial flights.
Drone layer: A queen which lays only unfertilized eggs which always develop into drones. Results from improperly or non-mated queen or an older queen who has run out of sperm.
Dwindling: Rapid or unusual depletion of hive population, usually in the spring.
Dysentery: The discharge of fecal matter by adult bees within the hive. Commonly contributing conditions are nosema disease, excess moisture in the hive, starvation conditions, and low quality food. Tan, brown, or black fecal smears on combs or outside of hive indicate such a problem.
Escape board: Board with one or more bee escapes on it to permit bees to pass one way. Used to empty one or more supers of bees.
European foulbrood (EFB): Brood disease of bees caused by Streptococcus pluton and possibly associated organisms.
Extracted honey: Honey removed from the comb by centrifugal motion (in a special machine called an extractor) and marketed in the liquid form.
Extractor: Machine that rotates honeycombs at sufficient speed to remove honey from them.
Fanning: Worker bees fan the hive by directing airflow into the hive or out of the hive depending on need, sometimes cooling it with evaporated water brought by water carrier bees.
Festoon: A unique cluster of bees that link themselves together by their tarsi (feet) in a loose network between combs in a hive. Normally, these are aggregates of wax-producing bees.
FGMO: Food Grade Mineral Oil. Has been used as an alternative treatment for honey bee mites.
Field bees: Those bees in the hive who are mature enough to fly from the hive on foraging missions; also termed forager bees.
Follower Board: A board anywhere from 3/4″ to 1/4″ thick, plywood or other material, cut to the size of your frames (deep, med or shallow). A simple divider that acts like a movable hive side, allowing you to create any interior size needed.
Food chamber: Hive body containing honey provided particularly for overwintering bees.
Foundation: (See Comb foundation).
Frame: Rectangular, wooden honeycomb supports, suspended by top bars within hive bodies.
Frame grip: Tool used to grip the top bar of a frame for easier removal from chamber.
Fructose: (See Levulose).
Full sisters: Queen or worker bees produced by a single queen and sired by different drones that are related to each other as brothers (used in bee breeding).
Fumagillin: Antibiotic given bees to control nosema disease.
Fume board: See Acid board.
Galleria mellonella: Scientific name of greater wax moth, whose larvae destroy honeycomb.
Gamete: A male or a female reproductive cell (egg or sperm).
Gene: A unit of inheritance located at a specific location in a chromosome.
Gene pool: The genetic base available to bee breeders for stock improvement.
Germplasm: All the hereditary material that can potentially contribute to the production of new individuals.
Giant bee: (See Apis dorsata).
Glucose: (See Dextrose).
Grafting: The transfer of young larvae from worker cells to queen cups.
Granulated honey: (See crystallized honey).
Half sisters: Queen or worker bees produced by a single queen and sired by drones that are not related to each other.
Haploid: An organism or cell with one set of chromosomes; for example, drone bee.
HBH: Honey-Bee-Healthy, an essential oil additive to honey bee feed to control varroa mites, tracheal mites and to reverse the parasitic mite syndrome (PMS) seen in colonies infested with varroa mites.
Hemizygous: The condition in which only one allele of a pair is present. Drones are hemizygous at all loci.
Heterosis: Hybrid vigor.
Heterozygous: An organism with unlike members of any given pair or series of alleles (bee genetics).
HFCS: High Fructose Corn Syrup
Hive: Man-constructed home for bees.
Hive stand: A device that elevates the bottom board up off the ground.
Hive tool: Metal tool for prying supers or frames apart.
HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural): an organic compound derived from dehydration of sugars.
Hoffman frame: Self-spacing wooden frame of type customarily used in Langstroth hives.
Homozygous: An organism with identical members of any given pair or series of alleles.
Honey: Sweet, viscous fluid elaborated by bees from nectar obtained from plant nectaries, chiefly floral.
Honey bee: Genus Apis, family Apidae, order Hymenoptera.
Honey bound: When the brood nest is bounded or restricted by cells/comb filled with honey.
Honeycomb: Comb built by honey bees with hexagonal back-to-back cells on median midrib.
Honeydew: Sweet secretion from aphids and scale insects.
Honey extractor: (See Extractor).
Honey flow: Period when bees are collecting nectar from plants in plentiful amounts.
Honey house: Building in which honey is extracted and handled.
Honey pump: Pump for transferring liquid honey, usually from the extractor to storage tanks.
Honey stomach: (Honey sac) An enlargement of the posterior end of the oesophagus in the bee abdomen. It is the sac in which the bee carries nectar from flower to hive.
Honey sump: Temporary honey-holding area with baffles usually placed between the extractor and the honey pump; tends to hold back sizable pieces of wax and comb.
Hot room: An insulated portion of a warehouse with radiant or forced air heating that can produce temperatures up to 100°F.
Hybrid: Offspring from two unrelated (usually inbred) lines.
Hymenoptera: Order to which all bees belong, as well as ants, wasps, and certain parasitic insects.
II: (See Instrumental Insemination)
Inbred: A homozygous organism usually produced by inbreeding.
Inbreeding: Matings among related individuals.
Incubator - An enclosure for controlling temperature in which young organisms may be hatched, often including heating and possibly cooling elements, automatic controlling apparatus, access doors, shelving systems, airflow devices, and heat distributing apparatus.
Inner cover: A cover used under the standard telescoping cover on a bee hive.
Instrumental insemination: The act of depositing semen into the oviducts of a queen by the use of a man-made instrument. Similar to 'artificial insemination'.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): is a pest control strategy that uses a variety of complementary strategies including: mechanical devices, physical devices, genetic, biological, cultural management, and chemical management. These methods are done in three stages: prevention, observation, and intervention. It is an ecological approach with a main goal of significantly reducing or eliminating the use of pesticides while at the same time managing pest populations at an acceptable level.
Introducing cage: Small wood and wire cage used to ship queens and also sometimes to release them into the colony.
Invertase: Enzyme produced by bees that speeds inversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose.
Inverted or invert sugar syrup: is a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is obtained by splitting sucrose into its two components. Compared with its precursor sucrose, inverted sugar is sweeter and its products tend to stay moist and are less prone to crystallization. Inverted sugar is therefore valued by bakers, who refer to the syrup as 'trimoline' or 'invert syrup'.
IPM: (See Integrated Pest Management)
Italian bees: A race or variety of honey bee which originated in Italy and has become widely dispersed and cross-bred with other races.
Jumbo hive: Hive 2-1/2 inches deeper than standard Langstroth hive.
Laidlaw push-in queen introduction cage: A wire cage of #8 hardware cloth roughly 5" x 7" x 7/8" inside dimension. It has NO self-release candy tube. The queen is placed onto a flat frame of empty comb suitable for laying eggs and is covered with the Laidlaw cage, which is pushed into the comb. The queen is released only after the bees have accepted her.
Langstroth: A minister from Pennsylvania who patented the first hive incorporating bee space thus providing for removable frames. The modern hive frequently is termed the Langstroth hive and is a simplified version of similar dimensions as patented by Langstroth.
Langstroth frame: 9-1/8- by 17-5/8-inch standard U.S. frame.
Larva: Stage in life of bee between egg and pupa; "grub" stage.
Laying worker: Worker bees which lay non-fertilized eggs producing only drones. They occur in hopelessly queenless colonies. Laying workers will lay multiple eggs per cell, have a spotty brood pattern, eggs laid on the sides of the cell or off center, and drone brood in worker sized cells.
Levulose: Noncrystallizing sugar of honey which darkens readily if honey is overheated.
Line breeding: Mating of selected members of successive generations among themselves in an effort to maintain or fix desirable characteristics.
Locus: A fixed position on a chromosome occupied by a given gene or one of its alleles.
Mandibles: Jaws of insects.
Mating flight: The flight of a virgin queen during which time she mates with one or more drones high in the air away from the apiary. Queens usually mate with 6 to 10 drones on two or more mating flights.
Mead: A wine made with honey. If spices or herbs are added, the wine usually is termed metheglin.
Metamorphosis: Changes of insect from egg to adult.
Migratory beekeeping: Movement of apiaries from one area to another to take advantage of honey flows from different crops.
Mite: See Acarapis woodi and Varroa jacobsoni.
Mutation: A term used to describe both a sudden change in the alleles or chromosomes of an organism and the changed form itself as it persists.
Nasonov pheromone: Nasonov pheromone is released by worker bees to orient returning forager bees back to the colony. To broadcast this scent, bees raise their abdomens, which contain the Nasonov glands, and fan their wings vigorously.
Nectar: A sweet secretion of flowers of various plants, some of which secrete enough to provide excess for the bees to store as honey.
Nectaries: Special cells on plants from which nectar exudes.
Nosema disease: Disease of bees caused by protozoan spore-forming parasite, Nosema apis.
Nucleus (Nuke, Nuc): A small colony of bees resulting from a colony division. Also, a queen-mating hive used by queen breeders.
Nurse bees: Three-to 10-day-old adult bees that feed the larvae and perform other tasks in the hive.
OAD: Acronym meaning Oxalic Acid Dribble; (also dribble can be called 'spray') a method of treating a bee colony for varroa mites using oxalic acid mixed with sugar and water which is applied to the gap between frames.
OAV: Acronym meaning Oxalic Acid Vaporization; a method of treating a bee colony for varroa mites using oxalic acid heated in a vaporizer to a state of sublimation (gaseous).
Observation hive: Hive with glass sides so bees can be observed.
Ocellus (ocelli): Simple eye(s) of bees.
Orientation flights: Short orienting flights taken by young bees, usually by large numbers at one time and during warm part of day.
OSBN: Opening the Sides of the Brood Nest. Placing a Partial Frame (Foundation or Drawn) beside the Brood Nest to trigger wax making before Swarm Season.
Oxalic acid: A granular substance traditionally used commercially as a wood bleach; in 2015 the EPA approved using oxalic acid as a varroa mite pesticide. Oxalic acid used as a pesticide should come from a container labeled with specific directions for such use. See Glossary terms OAD and OAV for more info on approved techniques.
Package bees: A quantity of bees (2 to 5 lb) with or without a queen shipped in a wire and wood cage to start or boost colonies.
Paralysis: (See bee paralysis).
Parthenogenesis: Production of offspring from a virgin female.
Pheromones: Chemicals secreted by animals to convey information or to affect behavior of other animals of the same species. (See queen substance.)
Pistil: The combined stigma, style, and ovary of a flower.
PMS (Parasitic Mite Syndrome): For years we have been seeing diseased bee larvae with symptoms resembling a cross between foulbrood and sacbrood. The USDA Beltsville Bee Lab has found these diseased larvae to be infected with one, or commonly several, viruses. This new disease seems to be limited to colonies infested with Varroa mites. Additionally, beekeepers have experienced bees disappearing completely from previously healthy colonies in the early fall. This situation is most likely associated with Varroa mites, viruses or a combination of both.
Pollen: Male reproductive cells of flowers collected and used by bees as food for rearing their young. It is the protein part of the diet. Frequently called bee bread when stored in cells in the colony.
Pollen basket: Area on hind leg of bee adapted for carrying pellets of pollen.
Pollen cake: Cake of sugar, water, and pollen or pollen substitute, for bee feed.
Pollen substitute: Mixture of water, sugar, and other material, such as soy flour, brewer's yeast, etc., used for bee feed.
Pollen supplement: Pollen substitute added to natural pollen in a pollen cake.
Pollen trap: Device which forces bees entering hive to walk through a 5-mesh screen, removing pollen pellets from their legs into a collecting tray.
Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of that or another flower.
Pollinator: The agent which transfers pollen; e.g., a bee.
Pollinizer: The plant source of pollen used for pollination; e.g., pollinizer varieties of apples and pears must be planted in order to produce a crop. Bees must carry the pollen from one variety to another.
Proboscis: Mouth parts of bee for sucking up nectar, honey, or water.
Propolis: A glue or resin collected from trees or other plants by bees; used to close holes and cover surfaces in the hive. Also called bee glue.
Pupa: Stage in life of developing bee after larva and before maturity.
Queen: Sexually developed female bee. The mother of all bees in the colony.
Queen cage: A special cage used to hold and ship (mail) queens and attendant bees.
Queen cage candy: A special fondant made from Nulomoline, drivert, and glycerine; used to feed queen and attendant bees in queen cages.
Queen cell: Cell in which queen develops.
Queen cup: The beginnings of a queen cell in which the queen may lay a fertile egg to start the rearing of another queen.
Queen excluder: Device usually made of wood and wire, with opening 0.163 inch, to permit worker bees to pass through but excludes queens and drones. Used to restrict the queen to certain parts of the hive.
Queenright: A colony of bees with a properly functioning queen.
Queen substance: Pheromone material secreted from glands in the queen bee and transmitted throughout the colony by workers. It makes the workers aware of the presence of a queen.
Race: Populations of bees, originally geographically isolated and somewhat adapted to specific regional conditions.
Ripening: Process whereby bees evaporate moisture from nectar and convert its sucrose to dextrose (glucose) and levulose (fructose), thus changing nectar into honey.
Rendering wax: Melting old combs and wax cappings and removing refuse to partially refine the beeswax. May be put through a wax press as part of the process.
Requeen: To replace a queen in a hive. Usually to replace an old queen with a young one.
Robbing: Bees steal honey from other hives. A common problem when nectar is not available in the field.
Robbing Screen: As frame with screen that covers the entrance to a hive during times when robbing is at high risk, such as during a nectar / pollen dearth. There is/are one or more exit holes, preferably shielded from outside view, where the hive bees may exit / enter. Robbing bees are attracted to the smell of honey coming out of the screen, down below the exit. The robbing screen gives the guard bees more time to respond to robbing bees, and a small opening that is easily defended. If the small opening gets clogged with dead bees, the colony does not suffocate if the temperature is hot.
Ropiness: Having the characteristic of sticky elasticity and stringing out when stirred and stretched.
Royal jelly: Glandular secretion of young worker bees used to feed the queen and young brood.
Sac brood: A fairly common virus disease of larvae, usually nonfatal to the colony.
Scale: A dehydrated, dead larva shrunken to an elongated thin, flat chip at the bottom of a cell.
Scout bees: Worker bees searching for nectar or other needs including suitable location for a swarm to nest.
Screened Bottom Board (SBB):
Sealed brood: Brood in pupal stage with cells sealed.
Self-pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or to flowers of the same plant or other plants of identical genetic material such as apple varieties, clones of wild blueberries, etc. (See autopollination).
Septicemia: Usually minor disease of adult bees caused by Pseudomonas apiseptica.
Shaker Box - Any number of designs of boxes or systems of boxes intended to collect bees shaken from populated beehives. Most shaker boxes are well-ventilated. A queen excluder is often used to prevent shaking a queen into the shaker box. A single comb with brood is often placed in the shaker box to retain the shaken bees. Shaker boxes are most commonly associated with package bee production, but often find uses in queen rearing and nucleus colony production as well.
SHB: Small Hive Beetle (Aethina tumida). The small hive beetle can be a destructive pest of honey bee colonies, causing damage to comb, stored honey and pollen. If a beetle infestation is sufficiently heavy, they may cause bees to abandon their hive. The beetles can also be a pest of stored combs, and honey (in the comb) awaiting extraction. Beetle larvae may tunnel through combs of honey, feeding and defecating, causing discoloration and fermentation of the honey.
Skep: A beehive, usually of straw and dome-shaped, that lacks movable frames.
Slatted Bottom Rack: A ventilation board that fits between the bottom hive body and the bottom board (Langstroth Hive). It provides cluster space for bees, allows air circulation without allowing a direct draft on the brood, and helps prevent swarming.
Slumgum: A dark residue, consisting of brood cocoons and pollen, which is left after wax is rendered by the beekeeper.
Smoker: Device used to blow smoke on bees to reduce stinging.
SMR (Suppress Mite Reproduction): Scientists at the Honey Bee Breeding Genetic & Physiology Laboratory (USDA, Agricultural Research Service) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, have selected bees that are resistant to this [varroa] mite. The mechanism of resistance is a trait of the honey bee that suppresses mite reproduction (SMR). This trait prevents female mites from producing progeny. Because SMR is a trait rather than a stock, SMR genes can be added to any population of honey bees by using traditional breeding methods.
Social insects: Insects which live in a family society, with parents and offspring sharing a common dwelling place and exhibiting some degree of mutual cooperation; e.g., honey bees, ants, termites.
Solar wax melter: Glass-covered box in which wax combs are melted by sun's rays and wax is recovered in cake form.
Spermatheca: Small saclike organ in queen in which sperms are stored.
Spermatoza: Male reproductive cells.
Spiracles: External openings of tracheae through which bees breathe.
Spring dwindling: A condition in which the colony population decreases in size during spring at which time exponential population growth is anticipated.
Stamen: Male part of flower on which pollen-producing anthers are borne.
Sting: Modified ovipositor of female Hymenoptera developed into organ of defense.
Sucrose: Cane sugar; main solid ingredient of nectar before inversion into other sugars.
Super: A wooden box with frames containing foundation or drawn comb in which honey is to be produced. Named for its position above the brood nest. The same type of box is referred to as a hive body when it is situated below the honey supers and is intended to be used for brood rearing and pollen storage.
Supersedure: The replacement of a weak or old queen in a colony by a daughter queen – a natural occurrence.
Supersisters: Queens or worker bees produced by a single queen and sired by identical sperm from a single drone (subfamily).
Surplus honey: A term generally used to indicate an excess amount of honey above that amount needed by the bees to survive the winter. This surplus is usually removed by the beekeeper.
Swarm: Natural division of colony of bees.
Swarm frame: A unique frame, hinging at the bottom, used for holding feral comb taken from bee removals or cut-outs.
Tarsus: Fifth segment of bee leg.
Thorax: Middle part of bee.
Tracheae: Breathing tubes of insects.
Tracheal mite: (See Acarapis woodi)
Trophallaxis: the mutual exchange of regurgitated liquids between adult social insects or between them and their larvae.
Tumuli: Nest mounds (wild bees).
Uncapping knife: Knife used to remove honey cell caps so honey can be extracted.
Unite: Combine one colony with another.
Unsealed brood: Brood in egg and larval stages only.
Varroa destructor: An external parasitic mite that attacks honey bees Apis cerana and Apis mellifera.
Veil: Fabric netting/mesh worn over the head to protect face from being stung.
Virgin queen: Unmated queen.
VSH (Varroa Sensitive Hygiene): USDA ARS scientists Dr. John Harbo and Dr. Jeffrey Harris at the Honey Bee Breeding Laboratory in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, have defined and tested a trait of the honeybee which appeared to suppress mite reproduction (SMR). Recently it has been better defined as "varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH)." This is a form of behavior where adult bees remove pupae that have reproductive mites but do not disturb pupae that have mites that produce no progeny.
Waggle Dance - a form of communication whereby a returning forager bee or scout bee vibrates while walking on a comb in a figure-8, then shakes side-to-side (waggles). Other foragers can often be seen following the waggle-dancer bee. (see Bee dance)
Walk-away split: Frames with eggs and worker bees are removed from a queenright hive and installed into an empty brood chamber or nuc. The bees should create a queen cell out of a suitable egg. Once the queen hatches, successfully mates and returns to the hive, the hive will be queenright. Another option is to remove one complete brood chamber from a hive that has newly laid eggs in it, including bees, and move to a new location for the start of a new hive.
Warre Hive - A beehive type designed by Emile Warre, known for it's efforts to emulate a tree trunk. The boxes are smaller (12" x 12"), contain a thatch of straw to absorb moisture at the top, and additional boxes are stacked under the brood nest, often requiring a lifting device due to the accumulated weight of the boxes. Warre hives do not use frames.
Washboarding: Worker honey bees exhibit a "group" activity known as rocking or washboarding on the internal and external surfaces of the hive. This behavior is believed to be associated with general cleaning activities but virtually nothing is known as to the age of worker engaged in the behavior, under what circumstances workers washboard and the function of the behavior. Washboarding behavior appears to be age dependant with bees most likely to washboard between 15-25 days of age. Washboarding increases during the day and peaks through the afternoon. Workers may respond to rough texture and washboard more on those surfaces. The function of this behavior remains to be elucidated.
Wax glands: Glands on underside of bee abdomen from which wax is secreted after bee has been gorged with food.
Wax moth: Lepidopterous insect whose larvae destroy wax combs.
WBC Hive - A beehive type designed by William Broughton Carr, known for it's aesthetic shape and the advantages of being double-walled, namely it tends to stay warm and dry in cold climates. Frames go into the inner hive bodies, "lifts" stack outside the hive bodies forming a double wall and leaving approximately one inch of airspace between the walls. An entrance tunnel is placed to prevent the bees from entering the space between the inner and outer walls.
Wild bees: Any insects that provision their nests with pollen, but do not store surplus' edible honey.
Winter cluster: Closely packed colony of bees in winter.
Wired foundation: Foundation with strengthening wires embedded in it.
Wired frames: Frames with wires holding sheets of foundation in place.
Worker bee: Sexually undeveloped female bee.
Worker comb: Honeycomb with about 25 cells per square inch.
Worker egg: Fertilized bee egg.
[Technical note]: the location of the photo repository for some/many of the photos linked in this thread is here: https://www.beesource.com/forums/sho...lossary-thread
Photo credits can be found in that thread.


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Erich von Falkenhayn is most associated with the Battle of Verdun in 1916 – one of World War One's bloodiest battles. Falkenhayn was criticised for his tactics at Verdun and after the war he tried to justify the tactics that he used – that led to the deaths of tens of thousands of German soldiers.
Falkenhayn was born in 1861 in West Prussia. Prussia had a strong military tradition and it was not unusual when Falkenhayn joined the army. He served as a military instructor in China beginning in 1899. Falkenhayn was a member of the German staff in China during the Boxer Rebellion, and he participated in the relief of Beijing. Falkenhayn remained in China until 1903.
When he returned to Germany, Falkenhayn served on the General Staff. In 1913, he was held in such regard that he was appointed Minister of War for Prussia. In this position he had to serve with one of Germany's most famous military men – von Moltke – and the two did not get on as they argued over most everything.
Germany's initial successes in World War One were not built on. The Battle of the Marne was seen in Berlin as a failure. In fact, the failure of the German army to take Paris was seen as a failure and Moltke was held responsible. He was dismissed by William II and replaced by Falkenhayn as Chief of Staff. As a strategist, Falkenhayn was considered to be cautious and a man who did not want to take risks.
This approach was shown in the 1915 campaign on the Eastern Front. General von Luderndorff had developed a plan that, if successful, would have trapped and effectively destroyed the Russian army on that front. However, it was a bold plan that left Falkenhayn feeling uncomfortable as it has too many 'ifs' and 'buts' to it. As a result, he refused to support Luderndorff and gave his support to a more conservative plan that gave the Russian army plenty of room to evade the German army – and it gave the German army room to withdraw if it went wrong. Luderndorff did not forgive Falkenhayn for rejecting his plan.
However, Falkenhayn believed that the war was going to be won or lost on the Western Front. He believed that he could launch a decisive blow against the French and destroy their esprit de corps by taking out the forts in Verdun that had always offered France defence from attack. These forts had survived intact throughout the 1914 German attack. In 1916, Falkenhayn believed that they were ripe for attack. His plan was nothing more than a war of attrition – to wear down the defences of the French and bleed their army white. Falkenhayn believed that if Verdun was captured, then the whole of France would surrender as Verdun, in the minds of the French, was impregnable.
Falkenhayn's plan for Verdun relied on one simple thing – German success. In fact, by the time the battle had ended, German casualties were horrific. If the French had been bled white, so had the German army. The German army never fully recovered from Verdun and after the war Falkenhayn was blamed for this – especially his overwhelming confidence that his strategy would work as a letter he wrote to William II indicated.
|"The string in France has reached breaking point. A mass break-through – which in any case is beyond our means – is unnecessary. Within our reach there are objectives for the retention of which the French General Staff would be compelled to throw in every man they have. If they do so the forces of France will bleed to death."Falkenhayn to Kaiser William II
Verdun was a failure for the German army and Luderndorff was aware of this – and he had not forgotten Falkenhayn's lack of support for his plan for the Eastern Front. Luderndorff was also gaining more favour with William II and in August 1916, Falkenhayn was relieved of his post and sent to the Transylvanian Front to command the IX German Army. Ironically, he found success here conquering the Roumanian army and entering Bucharest in December 1916.
In 1917, Falkenhayn was sent to Palestine to bolster the German position there. Here he was not successful and he was defeated by troops led by General Allenby in October 1917. In 1918, he was dismissed from this post and he returned to Germany and retired. Falkenhayn died in 1922.
Falkenhayn will always be most remembered for the Battle of Verdun and the slaughter that took place there.


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As is the case with many of the records posted here; info on The Musical Chairs is pretty much non existent. If anyone knows anything about these guys, and would like to comment, or contact me, it would be much appreciated. Far as I can tell, the Musical Chairs were a three Piece from Minneapolis, Minnesota. I found a full Length titled "Fall On Deaf Ears", that I've never heard. Other than that, I can't find any other releases; including this one. I did find this Myspace, and this Reverbnation page belonging to a Dave Matthies, who resides in Houston, Tx. In his bio he mentions a band called D.C.Matthies & Co., also containing Don Stanley; so I'm assuming it's the same guy; but he doesn't mention The Musical Chairs.
Line up:
Dave Matthies – Lead Vocals, Drums, and Keyboards
Don Stanley – Guitars, and Vocals
George Prescott – Bass, and Vocals
REM Records 1982
1. Memorabilia
2. Gimme Restitution
SIXTEN REDLÖS - Slå Alarm 1987
1 hour ago


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Via Virginia Parsons w/ Comment:
Let me also add – this couple, who are visually impaired, could not read the loan documents. There are no laws to protect them that might make it mandatory for the loan documents to be read aloud. And as we are all well aware, loan documents are not provided in advance of signing for any attorney or accountant to review.
Blind man, woman file a countersuit, saying predatory practices hurt them
December 19, 2010 – By HARRY EAGAR, Staff Writer
KIHEI – Across the country, a few of the millions of people who have had their homes foreclosed are counterattacking in the courts. One of the Maui suits involves Wilmer Galiza and his wife, Flordeliza Tapat. Many Mauians know them.
Both are members of Blind Vendors of Hawaii. Galiza operates the snack shop at Maui Memorial Medical Center (and formerly ran the one at the courthouse), and Tapat runs the one at Kalana O Maui, the main county building in Wailuku.
In 2005, they had owned a home in Dream City for eight years. Galiza's brother next door wanted to sell his bigger home, and he and mortgage broker Eric Miyajima urged the couple to keep their small house and buy the bigger one. By living in the big house and renting out the small house and three apartments in the big one, they were told they could build up assets for their retirement.
That dream didn't work out. They've been foreclosed on both houses. Their credit is damaged, and although they continue to live in the second house, which is specially equipped for their needs, they face the threat of eviction at any time.
Their case offers an example of just about everything that could go wrong during the mortgage run-up and run down, according to their attorney, Jim Fosbinder: unrecorded transfers of deeds, predatory bait-and-switch offers, failure to disclose required information to borrowers, promises of assistance that never came; stonewalling their attempts to modify not one but two mortgages; robosigners; and missing documents.


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Feed: Witness, Mercy, Life Together.
Critical reviews (by Lutheran pastors and church musicians) of books and other resources for Christian worship, preaching, and church music from a perspective rooted in Holy Scripture, the Lutheran Confessions and good common sense. LHP Quarterly Book Review asks, "Is it worth the money to buy, the time to read, the shelf space to store, and the effort to teach?"


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This man exists, press play botton, watch and be amazed:
read definition of sycophant by clicking here.
Filed under: Tennessee | Tagged: "Up next on 'Sick Sad World'!...", African Americans against Barack Obama, ATLAHWorldwide, black man, can you say tool, Election 2008, evangelical, evangelical African American view, exists, first black president, fool, JFK Obama, John McCain, love of money is root of evil, Martin Luther King on Obama, McCain Supporters, money talks, no greater fool alive, Obama, Obama Supporters, OMG, Palin, PhD, Politics, Presidential Election, real person, Sarah Palin, Sarah Palin Rocks, strange, sycophant, The Honorable James David Manning, the love of money, The Manning Report, tool, toolbag, unbelievable, what a moron, what a tool, what would MLK say?, world's biggest tool, WTF | Leave a comment »


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