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The number of children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's, Asperger's and Autism Spectrum Disorders is growing every year. Trying to find a better approach to working on these issues is always the main concern of any parent with a child that has these issues, but the Brain Balance Achievement Center has created a unique approach to help address this issue.
The Brain Balance Program is an individualized and comprehensive approach to helping children with neurobehavioral and learning difficulties surmount their unique challenges. This proprietary, non-medical program has been successful in helping hundreds of children reach their physical, social/behavioral health and academic potential. Brain Balance Achievement Centers have 54 nationwide locations.
For the first time, Southern California families exploring ways to occupy their children's summer are turning to the Brain Balance Achievement Center in Encino, Calif. Projecting a 50 percent increase for June through August, the center works with families struggling with ADHD, learning and behavioral challenges, Dyslexia and Autism spectrum disorders; the Brain Balance Program offers a drug-free, whole-child approach to addressing the root cause of these neurobehavioral issues.
Clinical research indicates numerous neurobehavioral and developmental disorders, such as ADHD, autism and dyslexia, are the result of a functional imbalance between the brain's right and left hemispheres. Through its course of treatment, Brain Balance helps children to "reconnect" both hemispheres, reintroducing a healthy balance between and within the functions and connections of the left and right sides of the brain. Strengthening and balancing both hemispheres, coupled with dietary and lifestyle changes, helps children overcome the challenges associated with learning and behavioral disorders—without the use of medication. Parents who enroll for the summer will receive a complimentary comprehensive assessment.
"We anticipate a 50-percent increase in assessments and enrollments during the summer months," says Catherine Roach, center director, Brain Balance Achievement Center of Encino. "Summer break is a great time to turn attention toward improving children's learning potential. It's also incredibly gratifying for the child—and the parent—when teachers and counselors recognize the marked advancements they've made over the summer as a result of completing the Brain Balance Program."
In an independent study of children with ADHD, 82 percent of children who completed the Brain Balance Program experienced improvement by two or more grade levels. Of those children, 35 percent improved by four grade levels or more.
For many parents, the concern begins at home and/or school. Is the child falling behind in class? Does he or she appear unable to behave appropriately in a social setting? Is the child on an emotional roller coaster? Is there a way to remedy these challenges without turning to medication? These represent just some of the questions parents or teachers might ask themselves if they suspect a child needs help for a learning or behavioral difficulty. Brain Balance's initial assessment of each child takes place over two days, with each day encompassing two to three hours of testing. The brain and body functions are fully evaluated to reveal whether the child might have an underlying imbalance.
The first day of the assessment is spent evaluating strength, auditory and visual stimulation, timing and rhythm and coordination and physical balance. Children are tested in an environment that resembles a playground. On the second day, children are assessed for reading, reading comprehension, pseudo word decoding, math reasoning, numerical operations, listening comprehension, oral expression and spelling and written expression.
Once the child is assessed, Brain Balance creates a customized physical and cognitive activity plan and easy-to-follow dietary guidelines to establish the proper connections and improve rhythm and timing between the brain's two hemispheres. The multi-faceted approach helps the child achieve optimal body and brain function. Each program lasts approximately 12 weeks.
To get a look at the Brain Balance Program® and to gain free information about remediation options, parents and educators can attend free lectures on Saturday, July 14 and Saturday, Aug. 18. The lectures will take place at the Brain Balance™ Achievement Center in Encino and they will provide information on the successful, non-medical program helping children nationwide overcome ADD/ADHD, Dyslexia, Tourette's, Asperger's and autism spectrum disorders and more. The lecture will take place both days from 10 to 11 a.m. at the Encino center, located at 17323 Ventura Blvd., Encino, Calif., 91316.
To RSVP for the free lectures, call: (818) 387-8656.
The Brain Balance Program® was created over a decade ago by Dr. Robert Melillo, a renowned specialist in childhood neurological disorders and best-selling author of Disconnected Kids and Reconnected Kids. Now offering the Brain Balance Program through local Achievement Centers has allowed thousands of children across the country and even internationally to take advantage of this ground-breaking program and experience results they had yet to find anywhere else. Today, there are 54 locations nationwide. The center in Encino officially opened Sept. 2011.
For more information about the Brain Balance Program®, visit: www.BrainBalanceEncino.com


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I kind of want a variable to be global, except you can't do that in Java. I tried making it static instead, but it's still not working when I do that....
Here's the situation:
I am making a TicTacToe game that operates by creating a server and receiving requests from clients to play the game.
All player information (number of wins, number of losses, name, symbol, etc) is written to a file, for every player who plays the game.
The first thing I do when a client connects is ask him if he's a new or existing player.
Now, imagine this situation:
Two clients connect, and the server establishes a game for these two players. One of the client tells the server that he is an existing player. However, it turns out that there is someone else in a different Tic Tac Toe game who is currently playing as that player.
Obviously, then, I can't let this other guy connect and also be playing simultaneously under the same name.
The problem is this: how do I check that? The key here is that this is happening across games, and not among two players in the same game.
What I did was create an array of Strings called "playersInUse". Everytime someone starts a game, I add their name to this array. When they finish, I remove their name from the array.
The problem, however, is that this array is a data member of what? ....the Server class. Even though I only create one server socket, I create many instances of the Server class, since each instance is itself a game. Thus, each game will have its own copy of "playersInUse", and it won't work across games.
My solution was to make the data member static, but it still doesn't keep all the information - the array gets reset for each instance of the game.
Why is this happening??
And on a totally unrelated note, how do you delete a topic on this site? I tried to do it before when my question became moot, but all I could do was edit it....

subset: commoncrawl


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Update Nov. 3, 2014 — Please note that 1040 Central has been replaced by the Filing page.
FS-2011-04, January 2011
The Internal Revenue Service offers taxpayers free help on federal tax questions and with filing a return. Assistance is available at any time on IRS.gov. Help is also available by telephone and in person.
When seeking help online, the IRS cautions taxpayers to ensure they go to the authentic IRS website by typing www.IRS.gov into their browser. The official site does not end in .com, .net, .org or any designation other than .gov. From the official IRS website, just click on "Español" for content in Spanish.
Taxpayers should check out 1040 Central for all the updates and information needed to prepare and file their 2010 returns, or to access forms and instructions.
The Online Services section gives taxpayers access to handy applications, such as the following:
- Free File, a program available exclusively at IRS.gov in English and Spanish, offers brand-name tax software or online fillable forms. Everyone can find an option to prepare and e-file their tax returns for free. Taxpayers who earned $58,000 or less qualify for free software through a private-public partnership with manufacturers. Taxpayers who earned more or who are comfortable preparing their returns can use Free File Fillable Forms, the electronic versions of IRS paper forms.
- Find an Authorized e-file Provider helps individual taxpayers find someone who can electronically file their tax return.
- EITC Assistant, available in English and Spanish, helps taxpayers find out if they are eligible for the Earned Income Tax Credit.
- Interactive Tax Assistant guides taxpayers through a series of questions and provides responses on credits, deductions and general filing questions.
- Electronic Federal Tax Payment System enables taxpayers to pay their tax online.
- Online Payment Agreement for taxpayers who cannot pay their tax completely by April 18, 2011.
- IRS Withholding Calculator helps taxpayers make sure the amount of income tax they have withheld from their pay isn't too high or too low.
Taxpayers may also check their 2010 refund online using " Where's My Refund?" or its Spanish version, "¿Dónde está mi reembolso?" Those who e-file can check on the status of their refund 72 hours after receiving an acknowledgement of acceptance by the IRS. Paper filers can check about three or four weeks after a return is mailed.
Taxpayers will need to enter a Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, filing status and the exact whole dollar amount of the refund shown on their return. They will also receive instructions to resolve refund-related problems. "Where's My Refund?" is also available by calling 800-829-1954.
The IRS has several toll free lines that taxpayers can call for help in English and Spanish. Taxpayers may order current and prior year forms, instructions and publications by calling 800-829-3676. To find answers to tax questions, taxpayers may call 800-829-1040 for individual issues or 800-829-4933 for business issues. Taxpayers can also get information with little or no waiting by calling TeleTax at 800-829-4477 to hear pre-recorded messages covering various tax topics or check on the status of a refund.
TTY/TDD users may call 800-829-4059 to ask tax questions or order forms and publications (English only).
Volunteer Tax Preparers
Free tax preparation is available through the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) and Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE) sites in many communities. Taxpayers should check for the VITA site location closest to them by calling 800-906-9887. Taxpayers may also call the AARP Tax-Aide Program — IRS's largest TCE partner — at 888-227-7669 to find a convenient location.
Taxpayer Assistance Centers
IRS Taxpayer Assistance Centers are available to taxpayers who believe their personal tax issues cannot be handled online or by phone, and who need face-to-face assistance. IRS representatives can help with inquiries, adjustments, letters and notices and payment plans for those who owe taxes and cannot pay in full. Locations are posted by state on IRS.gov under the "Individuals" tab by clicking on the Contact My Local Office link. A message detailing operating hours and addresses is also available by calling the number in local phone directories.
All IRS Taxpayer Assistance Centers provide help to non-English-speaking taxpayers through an interpreter service.
Tax Forms and Publications Walk-In Service
All the official tax forms and publications are available for free downloading 24/7 at www.IRS.gov.
Taxpayers can pick up some of the most-requested forms, instructions and publications at many IRS offices, post offices and libraries. Also, some grocery stores, copy centers, city and county offices and credit unions have reproducible tax form products available to photocopy. All IRS Taxpayer Assistance Centers have tax publications, forms and instructions for pick-up.
Low Income Taxpayer Clinics
Low Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs) are independent organizations that provide low income taxpayers with representation in federal tax controversies with the IRS for free or for a nominal charge. The clinics also provide tax education and outreach for taxpayers with limited English proficiency. Publication 4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List, provides information on clinics.
Braille Tax Material
A variety of Braille materials can be downloaded from irs.gov. The print files are in .brf format and can be sent directly to an embosser for high quality Braille output. Braille materials are also available for order by calling the IRS at 800-829-3676. Braille materials may also be available at libraries that have special services for people with disabilities.
Taxpayer Advocate Service
The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the IRS that assists taxpayers who are experiencing economic harm and seek help in resolving tax problems that have not been solved through normal channels. Taxpayers eligible for TAS assistance can call the toll-free line 877-777-4778 or TTY/TTD 800-829-4059.
Other Resources
Taxpayers can access information that is issued by the IRS in various formats and easy to understand:
- IRS Tax Tips, which are brief, to-the-point messages released daily during the filing season and cover topics such as common errors and how to file for an extension.
- IRSvideos, available on YouTube, which provide information about credits, deductions and tax law changes. The IRS also has videos in American Sign Language (IRSvideosASL) and Spanish ( IRSvideosmultilingua).
- IRS audio files, informal tax messages in English and Spanish, to use for podcasts or to play on a portable music player. These are also available by subscription through iTunes.
- @IRSnews and @IRSenEspanol, the IRS Twitter news feeds, which provide the latest federal tax news and information for taxpayers in English and Spanish.
For a comprehensive listing of free tax services, taxpayers can download IRS Publication 910, Guide to Free Tax Services, from http://www.IRS.gov or order the publication by calling 800-829-3676.


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A Touch of Self-Indulgence.
This is a short post to let all visitors to the site know I'll be offline for an unspecified period from now. It shouldn't be too long, but I'm having minor surgery tomorrow and I'm unsure when I'll be able to be back at the keyboard. I'm told I'll need to take it easy for 3-4 weeks.
When I return, I'll catch up with everything as soon as I can. So, if you make a comment, bear with me until I respond, please.
In the meantime, enjoy what you do. Life's a singular experience and one to be valued. We're here for a short space and then we're gone. There's no second chance, no eternal afterlife. Just this one opportunity to make the world a better place when possible.
16 Responses to "A Touch of Self-Indulgence."
Best wishes for your rapid recovery
Wishing you well and speedy recovery. We will behave. 😊🦋
Sending positive vibes your way!
Good luck to you and a speedy, uncomplicated recovery.
Good luck, Stuart! Get well soon.
Best wishes for a speedy recovery!


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Generally speaking, there are two ways people get their drinking water: through city water and well water. But what are they and what is the difference between them?
City Water
City water is typically river water. While this type of water has a lot of pollutants and contaminants to begin with, it is put through an assortment of cleaning processes and purity tests before entering your home. By law, city water is treated on a daily basis and often has chemicals added to it such as chlorine and fluoride. Bringing in city water requires changing the pipes in and around your home. Also, you have the added cost of a monthly water bill. Despite daily testing, there is the risk of contamination from old pipe lines that need upgrading. If you doubt the safety of your water, you can do research and find various water test kits that have been done to ensure water quality. Oftentimes, the biggest problem with city water is that just because the water is safe does not mean it tastes or smells very good. City water often contains minerals that will give the water an unpleasant look, taste, smell and may have undesired effects on your dishes, laundry and your hair. Fortunately, there are filters and additives you can get for your water that will make it look and taste better.
If you want to personally test your water supply, the Watersafe All-In-One Drinking Water Test Kit is highly recommended. This test kit is for city water only and contains everything you will need to find out simply and accurately if your water contains unsafe or undesirable levels of one or more of eight common contaminants.
Another way of ensuring water quality is through the use of purifier tablets such as the Aquamira Purifier Tablets. These tablets are used by dropping one tablet into one liter of water and waiting the required time. These tablets will not discolor the water and will improve the taste of treated water.
Well Water
Well water comes directly from the ground, and while it does not go through the same cleaning process, the water is filtered to a degree as it slowly trickles from the surface into underground reservoirs. Unlike city water, there is no monthly water bill that you will be required to pay. However, as a well water owner, it is up to you to test the safety and quality of your water. Generally, well water can be clean or dirty, depending on where you live. Just like safe water might smell or taste bad, unsafe water may taste, smell and look perfectly fine. There can be many dangerous chemicals found in well water that have no taste, smell and do not change the look of the water. Well water can often contain agricultural runoff such as fertilizers and pesticides. It can also contain jet fuel and other chemicals from "fracking" (a process used in drilling for natural gas). Unless you have your water tested, there is no way to guarantee well water is safe, free of bacteria and other dangerous chemicals.
One way to get your water treated is through the Complete Home Water Quality Test Kit which tests your water for over 13 contaminants, allowing you to identify the issues in your water quality so you will know how to correctly and appropriately treat your water.
Once you test your water, you may find it handy to invest in a whole house water filter system such as the 3M Aqua-Pure Whole House Water Filter System. This whole house water filter has a 100,000 gallon capacity or up to one year cartridge life which reduces the multi-year cartridge replacement required with most water filter cartridges. This whole house water filter system will extend the life of all your household appliances that are connected to the water line.
Which do you prefer? City water or well water? Sound off in the comments below.


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Banana bread & butter pudding
A microwave pud that will have the family thinking you've been cooking for hours
Nutrition and extra info
Nutrition: per serving
- kcal412
- fat15g
- saturates8g
- carbs64g
- sugars38g
- fibre1g
- protein10g
- salt0.99g
- 4 thick slices white bread
- 50g butter, softened
Butter is a dairy product made from separating whole milk or cream into fat and…
- 1 large banana, peeled and sliced
Probably the best known, most popular tropical fruit, their name probably derives from the…
- 2 eggs
The ultimate convenience food, eggs are powerhouses of nutrition packed with protein and a…
- 85g soft, light brown sugar, plus 1 tbsp extra
- large pinch cinnamon
A fragrant spice which comes from the inner bark of a tropical tree. When dried, it curls into…
- 450ml milk
One of the most widely used ingredients, milk is often referred to as a 'complete' food…
- 1 tbsp cornflour
Toast the bread, spread with butter and cut each slice into 6 equal pieces. Arrange, butter side up, with the banana in a microwavable dish (approx 23cm wide by 5cm deep).
Beat together the eggs, sugar, cinnamon and milk in a jug. In a small bowl, add the cornflour with a little of the milk, mix until smooth, then stir into the jug. Pour over the bread and banana, then sprinkle with the extra sugar. Bake, uncovered, in the microwave on High for 8-10 mins. Stand for 5 mins before serving.
Recipe Tip
Make it in the ovenIf you don't have a microwave, assemble the dish without toasting the bread beforehand. Bake at 180C/fan 160C/gas 4 for 30-40 mins until the egg mixture has set and the bread has turned golden and crisp.
Recipe Tip
Chocolate and orange flavourToast 4 thick slices bread, spread with 50g butter and 4 tbsp marmalade. Cut each slice into 6 equal pieces and arrange the bread, butter side up, with 85g roughly chopped dark chocolate and 50g chopped mixed peel in a microwavable dish (23cm wide by 5cm deep). Make the custard, as previous recipe, omitting the cinnamon, then continue with the rest of the recipe. Serve with a sprinkling of icing sugar and ice cream.


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Travel Above and Below, Service Above and Beyond
When your dreams and our capabilities align, it results in the trip of a lifetime, every time.
SERVICE As an independent, fully accredited IATA and ASTA Scuba diving tour operator dedicated to scuba divers and their companions, we can arrange every element of your scuba diving or adventure vacation at extremely competitive prices, from the moment you leave your home until the moment you return.
EXPERTISE From eco-friendly to the highly exotic, our professional agents' expertise and experience combined with our full range of scuba dive travel services removes the stress and aggravation from planning your dive trip, and your itinerary is truly personalized with the greatest attention given to the slightest of details.
COMMITMENT Our commitment to our customers, including 24/7 live assistance in an emergency, coupled with our reputation of honest quotations and unbiased advice, is unmatched in the industry. But what we are most proud of is the enduring relationships we build with our scuba diving clients through the understanding and anticipation of their personal wants and needs.
Rather than taking just another scuba diving trip, we invite you to alight on a remarkable journey and enlist us to plan your next great escape.


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Heidi Klum: Good Luck Kisses For Henry!
Heidi Klum plants a kiss on her son Henry while at his soccer game on Saturday (November 3) at a park in Brentwood, Calif.
The 39-year-old Project Runway host was joined by her bodyguard boyfriend Martin Kirsten and a helper as they watched the game from the sidelines with children Lou and Leni.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Heidi Klum
Heidi recently had to cancel her annual Halloween party in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, which swept the East Coast and left families homeless and caused devastating damage.
15+ pictures of Heidi Klum and family at Henry's soccer game…


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It's raining opportunity in Portland
The tech industry in Portland market is characterized by many small, highly nimble firms at the leading edge of innovation—and a booming job market. Come grow with us in Portland: check out our Portland IT jobs.
Full Description:
We have an amazing opportunity with our Portland, OR client who is looking for a Senior Android Engineer. This team works on enterprise applications with a start-up feel.
5+ years of Android Development
Experience with Rest APIs
Are you available? Please send your most current resume to email@example.com
Please reference JO#16094
Mainz Brady Group provides technology staffing solutions to the best known companies in Software Development, Finance, Electronics/Manufacturing, Retail, R&D, Services, Biotechnology, Healthcare and Telecommunications.
We specialize in Information Technology, Technical Sales and Marketing Staffing on a Contract, Contract to Hire, and Direct Hire basis.
To see a complete listing of all current openings please visit us at www.mbg.com/
To download our FREE Mobile Apps "MBG Jobs", visit www.mbg.com/mobileapps
Apply for Android Engineer
Fill out the form below to submit your information for this opportunity. Please upload your resume as a doc, pdf, rtf or txt file. Your information will be processed as soon as possible.
Return to IT Job Search


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Choice of Broadsides (iPad)
Published by
Developed by
Also For
DescriptionA rollicking naval adventure on the high seas explicitly in the vein of C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower or Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey-Maturin series, this Choose-Your-Own-Adventure (sitting on the back of a simple RPG engine) allows the player to define their character's strengths and weaknesses through their choices of options presented, then direct that character through a long career rising through the ranks of the Royal Navy on the ships H.M.S. Courageous, Defender, and Dauntless. The seas presented are those contested between fictionalized European imperial states Albion and Gaul, and over the course of the game players will experience intrigue and rivalry with their counterpart from the other side, Villeneuve, as well as an optional Jane Austen interlude during peacetime of finding a suitable spouse.
The skills that make a ship's Captain include Sailing, Gunnery, Leadership and Patronage, and though the RPG engine will factor in the character's calculated abilities in these fields, players may benefit from some research to successfully put their characters through their paces.
Genre conventions are adhered to sufficiently to retain the feel of the sources while being open to radical tweaking based on players' narrative preferences: in additional to same-sex romances (surely unknown among sailors!) one has the option of playing in a gender-swapped world, where bold women command tall ships in the service of gentlemen safe at home.
There are no iPad user screenshots for this game.
There are 58 other screenshots from other versions of this game or official promotional screenshots.
Promo Images
Part of the Following Group
User Reviews
There are no reviews for this game.
Critic Reviews
There are no critic reviews for this game.
There are currently no topics for this game.
- IGF Nuovo Award
- 2011 - Honorable Mention Finalist
Related Web Sites
- Play Choice of Broadsides (Free, legal play of the game from its developers.)
Pseudo_Intellectual (62681) added Choice of Broadsides (iPad) on Apr 14, 2012
Other platforms contributed by Pseudo_Intellectual (62681) and LepricahnsGold (139731)
There are no game credits on file for this release of the game. Everything in MobyGames is contributable by users.


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Agnes of God
Agnes of God is an opened up adaptation of the minimalist stage play by John Pielmeier. Meg Tilly plays a young nun who secretly gives birth to a baby; the child's body is later found strangled to death.
Court-appointed psychiatrist Jane Fonda is sent to the convent to investigate, a task made difficult by the weathervane behavior of mother superior Anne Bancroft. To draw out Tilly, who remembers nothing of the birth, Fonda suggests that hypnosis is called for.
Playwright Pielmeier poses many questions--is Tilly a pure-and-simple murderess, or was there something divine in her act?--but offers frustratingly few answers. The evocative photography is by longtime Ingmar Bergman associate Sven Nykvist.
|Norman Jewison
|Meg Tilly


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As the Los Angeles City Council prepares to sign off on an agreement to bid for the 2024 Summer Olympic Games, top officials at the city say they don't know who serves on the non-profit spearheading the Olympic effort.
It's also unclear if any of the non-profit's members would benefit financially–through their outside companies–if the Games come to Los Angeles.
Jeff Millman, spokesman for the non-profit Los Angeles 2024 Exploratory Committee, which is known as LA 2024, said the group's make-up is still evolving.
"The board is in formation and will change very quickly if LA24 is selected by the (U.S. Olympic Committee)," Millman wrote. "At that point, we will soon be announcing a substantial expansion of the board to more than 50 LA business and community leaders."
All potential business relationships or other conflicts of interest that those board members may have will be vetted and subject to approval by the full board, Millman said.
The current LA 2024 board consist of the following individuals, Millman said: Casey Wasserman, Billy Gerber, Skip Paul, Brian Nelson, and James Perse.
Wasserman works as a sports and entertainment agent.
Online records show the LA 2024 group was formed last year.
The City Council is expected to vote Tuesday on entering into an agreement to begin negotiating to bring the games to LA.
If approved, the city will eventually also sign off on a Memorandum of Understanding to negotiate with LA 2024 directly, Chief Legislative Analyst Sharon Tso said.
In a brief interview Tuesday morning, Tso said she hasn't been told who serves on the non-profit.
"This has only been before us for the last two weeks," Tso said. "Those are some of the questions that we are going to have to answer."
Chief Administrative Officer Miguel Santana also said he didn't know who serves on the non-profit. He said the group was expected to grow if Los Angeles was selected by the USOC.


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How cute are these???!!
And this???!!
I came across a new blog site today called Gluesticks and thought this cheese ball was such a cute idea for Thanksgiving. You can go to Brandy's blog and see how she made it and get the recipe for her cheese ball. Her recipe makes a lot! I might try and miniaturize it and use a store bought Kaukauna cheese ball. Since some days lately I seem to be up to my neck in Kaukauna cheese balls, I might as well buy one and bring it home from work with me. Now I just need to get me some felt, some glue, and some googely-eyes. It's been years since I've worked with googely-eyes. :)
Then from Brandy's Gluesticks blog I found a link to another fun blog site called Our Best Bites where I found these cute turkeys made out of Oreo Cookies and peanut butter cups. Click on the link and there is a great tutorial on how to make them.
And these are pretty cute and easy too. Those are marshmallows dipped in chocolate on top of a cookie. You can find these at Our Best Bites too. How creative. I would love to make these and I also love how Our Best Bites shows how they can be used as place cards. Very creative!
And don't forget to enter my $15.00 Starbucks Gift Card Giveaway. Click on the link and leave your comment there to enter. Winner will be selected on Monday, November 15, 2010.


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Make-Up Medicine Makes Miracles Happen in the Midst of Medical MadnessTuesday, June 16th, 2015
As many of you may know, I have been struggling, health wise, for awhile. I have a rare form of leukemia that usually affects someone twice my age. Fortunately, although this condition has been going on for two and a-half years, I was able to treat it for a long period of time with blood transfusions. The blood transfusions stopped working, and I had to start a more aggressive form of treatment, which, again, fortunately, was working. The unfortunate part is that, as a result of the treatment, there's been damage to my liver, causing my liver to have a condition that is usually something a long-term alcoholic would have. I actually find this ironic, because alcoholism runs in my family, so I rarely drink, except occasionally at a club or on New Year's eve. Therefore, I've been taken off all medications, in hopes that the liver will recover. The scary part of that is that it leaves the initial condition of leukemia without treatment. However, the doctors are convening and trying to figure out an alternative treatment. I took a long time sharing publicly about my health battles because I had tremendous fear of it affecting my career.
As many of you may also know, I was offered the possibility of my own television show, but all of that has come to a screeching halt. I hope that the excitement and opportunity for that will resurge once my health is stabilized again. In the meantime, I have still been working hard on my Youtube channel, and I have been encouraged to build my Youtube audience in the interim, in order to continue to build my public platform. My Youtube channel is mhevenor94. Please subscribe. It's free and fun! I usually work hard to keep my blogs positive and happy, as that is my personality, so, on the up side of things, on Sunday, the 14th, I found out I won a fully paid ticket to Kandee Johnson's Glaminar, which is taking place in Beverly Hills on June 27th! Kandee is Queen of the make-up world. She is the lead contributor for Glamour magazine, Vanity Fair, and a whole slew of other glamour, beauty and fashion trend-setting media. She is a world-renowned make-up artist for celebrities although I learned of her through Youtube. She has over 2 million subscribers on her Youtube channel. She's so much more than a make-up artist. She's upbeat and inspirational, she's loving and outgoing, she's a true artist, and if you can't tell already, I adore her, much in part because of her artistry, but also because I like to think that we are similar in our efforts to inspire and make the world a better place.
The Glaminar is a pro make-up artists seminar and while I do not intend to become a make-up artist, I love make-up and the art of it. During my health challenges, often make up is the motivation to continue working on my Youtube channel and carry on as a representative for disabled people and those battling cancer all at the same time. Therefore, I want, more than anything, second to getting better, to go to Los Angeles. The problem is that I have outstanding living expenses because I haven't been well enough to maintain my usual work schedule, so I have to make sure that those are taken care of as well, before paying for a plane ticket and hotel accommodations. This includes accommodations for a travel companion, as due to my health, I'm nervous traveling alone.
My friends have been telling me to start a secondary Go Fund Me account, just for the L. A. trip. I have trouble with doing that because I have already been promoting my Go Fund Me account that helps with living expenses. In that account, it says I have raised over $4,000, which I am very grateful for. The thing is that a majority of that money was spent last year to get a new wheelchair. So, while the total represents the total amount I've raised, the actual amount raised recently, for living expenses, is around $800. I know if it's meant to be, G-d will make it happen, and I certainly need a weekend in L.A. to rejuvenate my spirit and keep me strong for the next round of the fight. I am overwhelmed by the number of people reaching out to help, emotionally, and/or financially. I know that asking for help is a huge part of the learning process for this latest challenge. I've always considered myself very self-sufficient and never, ever felt disabled, although I will say, being sick for this long, particularly very sick for the last two months, I have felt more disabled than ever before. Again, on a happy note, as my physical body is taking a toll, my spiritual body is stronger than ever, and I always thought my gifts were strong, though they have in recent weeks, been off the charts. That being said, please continue to get readings as you need them, because the readings keep me going, in more ways than one, although understand if there is some schedule change or delay, as my health has made things a bit unpredictable. I'm also focusing more on phone readings and e-mail readings, as my immune system has been compromised and I have to be cautious about being in public. While Kandee's event will be public, I have already told my doctor that I'm going if at all possible, financially, because one, I am putting that out in the universe, and , two, I need it. Make-up is the best medicine, and as they say, sugar makes the medicine go down, so a huge dose of Kandee is just what my spirit guide, and my doctor, ordered. As always, continue to keep me in your prayers, and add me to healing circles, as those gestures are priceless gifts, and I will continue to update you on my Youtube channel with a huge dose of inspiration and declaration for the victory which is sure to be in the future.
If you would like to contribute, even just one dollar, because every dollar helps, go to Gofundme.com/mhevenor. Thank you in advance, for your support in all its forms. Love, light and blessings.


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(Pocket-lint) - Smart watches seem to be one of the big trends at this year's CES trade show, and one of the first out of the blocks with a Bluetooth v4.0 timepiece was Casio, with its Casio G-Shock GB-6900 shown at last year's event and released a few months ago in the US.
Now it has added a second device to the line-up, one that isn't being exhibited on the show floor. However, Pocket-lint managed to get a sneak peek and brief play with the Casio G-Shock GB-5600A.
It looks less ostentatious than the model currently available - more like a classic digital watch from the early Nineties than a traditional G-Shock. It has the same sort of capabilities though, hooking up to an iPhone 5 or 4S using Bluetooth and syncing with the same free app as the 6900.
Although we didn't get to see all of the functions at work, its older sibling can show caller ID, alerts you to incoming text messages and emails, and scrolls the name of the song currently playing on your iDevice.
One of the features we were most impressed with last year was the watch's ability to buzz when it gets too far away from your phone - essentially giving you a reminder that you've left it behind.
We've been told that the GB-5600A will do basically the same as the chunkier version, and will retail for around the same price too.
According to Casio, it will be out in the US around summer time, and will cost roughly $180. Unfortunately, UK availability details are yet to be revealed. It will work only with iPhone at present - because of the app support - but an Android app is in the pipeline for release later in the year.


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Flexibility as foundation of Sustainability: Lifecycle focus as a process approach towards 'Evolving Buildings' in our 'City of TomorrowSlob, C. (author), Mohammadi, S. (author)Our society and economy are constantly changing. In spite of this the demands and wishes of users also changes. Most of the current building stock is developed as mono-functional buildings to fulfil the demand at a particular moment. They are not designed for the lifespan in which they are functional. Because of their shortcomings in...master thesis 2010


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Tag: detained or harassed by police
No more cops! No new jail!
My name is Dorsey Nunn. I'm with All of Us or None and executive director of Legal Services for Prisoners with Children. I'm sitting back there waiting for (agenda) Item No. 3 (a new jail for San Francisco), and while I'm waiting for it I'm listening to the testimony for Item No. 1 (hiring more police officers). And I can't help but ask the question: "How much racism needs to be practiced for us to determine that we don't need this jail?" Hours of powerful testimony on June 18 before the San Francisco Board of Supervisors Public Safety Committee were capped off by Dorsey Nunn – and the crowd erupted in cheers.


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In 1942, the US government acquired the town of Oak Ridge in eastern Tennessee. From then on, Oak Ridge was just like any other town — except for the fences, the guards, and the top-secret uranium separating facility.
As part of the Manhattan Project, the United States Army Corps of Engineers acquired the town, swiftly evicting the residents and erecting a fence around the entire area. Once the entire population had been removed, the Corps erected prefab houses, apartment buildings and dormitories, as well as four major industrial plants, each with a shared purpose: to separate the isotope uranium-235 from natural uranium. By 1945, 75,000 people were living in Oak Ridge in government-assigned housing. Houses were assigned based on worker status and family size and, incidentally, the residential areas were racially segregated. But Oak Ridge had all the amenities the town of its size would: schools, movie theaters, a symphony, a library, churches, supermarkets, the works.
The U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge office has been digitizing its archival photos and putting them on Flickr. These photos span multiple decades, from Oak Ridge's early years to the post-WWII era, when the town shifted to civilian control. But even after the war, Oak Ridge's atomic legacy was clear, and today one of those four original plants is still used for nuclear weapons processing and materials storage.
DOE - Oak Ridge's Flickr Photostream [via A Continuous Lean via MetaFilter]


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CUMBERLAND, Md. (AP) — State officials have postponed a meeting of a panel studying natural gas drilling plans in western Maryland.
The panel was to have met Monday in Cumberland to discuss drilling practices employed elsewhere. The meeting was postponed because of predictions of bad weather.
The meeting was to have included a research report that says wells should be closed-loop systems so that any spills can be contained.
The report was prepared by researchers at the University of Maryland's Center for Environmental Science
The researchers studied hydraulic fracturing, which uses sand, water and chemicals to free gas from shale. The technique has sparked an energy boom in other states but some blame it for polluting groundwater.
No drilling permits can be issued in Maryland until the panel issues its final report next year.


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With increasing traffic on the city roads, bikes have emerged as the fastest mode of transportation of late, but only if you have a fair idea of the packed streets in the urban environment. Addressing the issue, designer Alex Diener has come up with an innovative bike rack that doubles as street furniture and triples as map of the neighborhood. Hailed as "Lean," the bike rack not just ensures a proper parking and thus safety for your bikes, but also makes sure that you reach your destination with minimum fuss, no matter if you are new to the place. Accommodating up to three bikes of various sizes through its offset leg stance, the curved top of the rack forms a seat to make a call, wait for a cab or converse with friends. You can't expect more than that from a bike stand!
[Cheers Alex]


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South African Journal of Animal Science
versão On-line ISSN 2221-4062
versão impressa ISSN 0375-1589
S. Afr. j. anim. sci. vol.42 no.2 Pretoria Jan. 2012
Genetic variation within and among three ostrich breeds, estimated by using microsatellite markers
A.H. DavidsI, II; S.W.P. CloeteI, II, #; A.E. Bester-van der MerweIII; F. MuchadeyiII; R. SlabbertIV; K. DzamaII
IInstitute of Animal Production, Elsenburg, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg, 7607 South Africa
IIDepartment of Animal Sciences, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
III Department of Genetics, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
IVCentral Analytical Facility, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602, South Africa
Genetic diversity within and among three ostrich populations was investigated to corroborate whether these populations can be classified genetically as three different breeds. The DNA of South African Black (SAB, n = 30), Zimbabwean Blue (ZB, n = 32) and Kenyan Redneck (KR, n = 17) birds was assessed for genetic differences using 19 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles, as well as observed and expected heterozygosity of alleles, was determined. Genetic differentiation was measured using the F-statistic (FST) and Nei's genetic distance. Significant differences were observed among the three breeds. The SAB and ZB (F ST = 0.10 and Nei = 0.49) were genetically more similar, whereas the genetic distance between the KR and ZB breeds was the greatest (FST= 0.13 and Nei = 0.61). The SAB strain exhibited the greatest observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.72) within its population while the ZB and the KR exhibited lower levels of heterozygosity (Ho = 0.68). Based on these results, it was suggested that crossbreeding between these breeds would lead to heterosis in commercial ostrich enterprises.
Keywords: Breed, genetic differentiation, heterosis, heterozygosity
The three ostrich breeds that currently comprise the genetic pool of the South African ostrich industry are the South African Black (SAB), Zimbabwean Blue (ZB) and the Kenyan Redneck (KR). The SAB is a hybrid breed, which resulted from crossing the Northern African ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) with the Southern African ostrich (S. c. australis) to improve feather production in the early 1900s (Deurden, 1913). The ZB (125 kg) and KR (135 kg) are reported to achieve heavier live weights than the SAB (115 kg; Jarvis, 1998), with the ZB exhibiting a lower reproductive performance than the SAB (Brand et al., 2005; Cloete et al. , 2008b). These breeds have been crossed haphazardly by the international ostrich industry without proper breeding goals, and no scientific data are available upon which to base crossbreeding decisions (Petite & Davis, 1999).
The South African ostrich industry is known to experience reproduction and chick survival problems (Cloete et al., 2001). Reproduction and survival traits can be improved through the exploitation of non-additive genetic variation, expressed through hybrid vigour (heterosis) from crossbreeding. Heterosis can be obtained only if the breeds that are crossed are genetically distinct from each other. Therefore it is important to confirm this genetic distinction among the three breeds, where a breed can be defined as a group of animals within a species that have a common origin and certain physical characteristics that are distinguishable (Dalton, 1981). Different physical characteristics indicative of genetic differentiation have been observed among these three subspecies (Jarvis, 1998). However, the extent to which these phenotypic differences are the result of environmental influences or genetic effects has not been confirmed.
Genetic differentiation between subpopulations can be quantified by the use of molecular markers, such as microsatellites. Microsatellites have commonly been applied in genetic diversity studies in poultry and livestock (Li et al., 2004; Zhou et al., 2005; Muchadeyi, 2007; Vicente et al., 2008; Mtileni et al., 2011). Various molecular markers have specifically been used to investigate genetic diversity between ostrich subpopulations. These markers include restricted fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) (Freitag & Robinson, 1993), minisatellite loci (Kawka et al., 2007) and microsatellite loci (Kumari & Kemp, 1998; Kawka et al. , 2007). Genetic differences have been found between the KR and the Somalian Blue ostrich (Kumari & Kemp, 1998) and among the SAB, ZB and KR (Kawka et al., 2007) using RFLP markers and microsatellite loci respectively. These studies had small population sizes which were assessed with as few as five microsatellite loci. It is therefore necessary to confirm these results using a larger sample size and more microsatellite loci. Microsatellites have also been used to construct a preliminary genetic linkage map of the ostrich (Huang et al., 2008). This map can be of benefit for future identification of chromosomal regions affecting quantitative traits such as growth, reproduction and disease susceptibility.
Genetic differentiation among and within subpopulations can be measured by the F statistic (FST) (Hartl & Clark, 1997; Holsinger & Weir, 2009). The F statistic is directly related to the variance in the allele frequency among populations and to the degree of resemblance among individuals within populations (Holsinger & Weir, 2009).
Crossbreeding of the SAB with the ZB and KR may therefore result in heterosis and consequently the improvement of traits with economic importance in commercial production systems. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether there are significant differences among and within the three ostrich breeds that are currently available in South Africa. The results from the study could assist in finding the most suitable combination of these breeds to attain maximal levels of heterosis.
Materials and Methods
Blood samples were collected from the breeding flock (n = 188 breeding pairs) at Oudtshoorn Research Farm during 2007 and stored at 4 °C (Essa et al., 2005), whereafter they were transported to Elsenburg DNA lab and stored at -18 °C for long-term use. Ethical clearance had been obtained from the Departmental Ethics Committee for Research on Animals (DECRA), under the DECRA reference number R11/37. In 2008, frozen blood samples were randomly selected from mature males and females in the breeding flock, comprising samples of 31 SAB birds and of 35 ZB birds. In contrast, only 17 frozen blood samples were available for the KR, representing the entire genetic resource for that breed at Oudtshoorn Research Farm. The SAB resource population was developed through the donation of 76 SAB breeder birds by 61 local producers in 1964. In the 1990s, more SAB birds were added to the flock and they were divided into two lines, namely the "commercial" and the feather strain (Bunter, 2002). According to Bunter, no evidence of heterosis was manifest in the crosses between these lines and they were subsequently treated as a single SAB genetic resource population. In 2003, 55 ZB breeding birds were added to the flock after being obtained from two local producers (Cloete et al. , 2008b). These birds originated from the Bulawayo and Harare districts of Zimbabwe. Possible genetic relationships among the base population of ZB birds as well as their exact ages were unknown, although their progeny were pedigreed. Nineteen KR birds (13 males and six females) of known ancestry were introduced to the flock. Their known pedigrees assisted in choosing birds that were not related for at least the last generation to represent this strain.
Birds were bled from the wing vein to collect at least 2 mL of blood in Becton-Dickinson (BD) VacutainerÂTM K2EDTA tubes. The blood samples were stored for long-term use at -18 °C and thawed at room temperature for DNA purification. DNA was purified using the Proteinase K digestion standard phenol/chloroform/isoamylyl alcohol extraction procedures and absolute ethanol precipitation according to procedures, as described by Sambrook & Russell (2001).
The DNA was quantified using spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in a final volume of 5 μL consisting of 20 ng of template DNA, 0.4 μΜ or 0.6 μΜ of each primer, with KAPA 2G Fast Hotstart Readymix (KAPA BiosystemsÂTM). Primers were labelled with PET®, 6-FAMÂTM, NEDÂTM and VIC® fluorescent dye supplied by Applied Biosystems®. The PCR conditions for the KAPA 2G were denaturation at 95 °C for three minutes, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 15 seconds, annealing at 72 °C for 15 seconds, and elongation at 72 °C for five seconds, ending with one cycle for the final elongation at 72 °C for 10 minutes.
The DNA was amplified by targeting 23 microsatellite loci that had already been reported in literature. The microsatellite primer sequences were selected out of the studies by Kimwele et al. (1998), Tang et al. (2003), Kawka et al. (2007) and Huang et al. (2008) and are described in Table 1. Microsatellite loci with a high observed heterozygosity, >4 alleles and di-nucleotide repeats were selected for this analysis. The
Fluorescent PCR products were electrophoresed using the 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems®) available at the Central DNA Sequencing Facility at Stellenbosch University. The alleles were scored using ABI Prism® Genemapper software Version 4.0 (Applied Biosystems®).
Amplification was successful for 21 of the 23 microsatellite loci that were tested initially. CAU42 and LIST0011 failed to amplify and were therefore excluded from all further analysis. The CAU133 and VIAS-0S14 microsatellite loci were also excluded from the analysis because they were monomorphic in all the samples that were analysed. The remaining 19 microsatellite loci were therefore used in this study. Information on these loci is listed in Table 2. Three individuals, two of the SAB breed and one of the ZB breed, were also omitted from the data, as many of their loci failed to amplify. This might be owing to poor DNA quality or insufficient primer binding conditions during the PCR reaction.
The 19 microsatellite loci were checked for null alleles or scoring errors by the software program Microchecker version 2.2.3 (Van Oosterhout et al., 2004). After this check, the microsatellite loci were evaluated for possible signs of selection using the FST-outlier method of Beaumont & Nichols (1996) implemented in Lositan Version 1 (Antao et al., 2008). Genetix version 184.108.40.206 (Belkhir et al. , 2004) was then used to test for the number of alleles as well as the expected and observed heterozygosity of each microsatellite locus. An analysis was performed without four loci that were subjected to positive selection and also excluding the two loci containing null alleles.
The genotypic and allelic frequencies were estimated using the software program GDA Version 1.1 (Weir, 1996). The microsatellite toolkit analysis (Park, 2001) was used to determine the average number of alleles, expected and observed heterozygosity and fixation index with the respective standard deviations for each subpopulation. The fixation index (Fi) is a measure of excess homozygosity within a population and is interrelated with the inbreeding coefficient (Hamilton, 2009). Genetic differentiation was measured in terms of pairwise FST values calculated in Genetix Version 126.96.36.199 (Belkhir et al., 2004). The Nei's statistic (Nei, 1972) was calculated using GENEPOP version 4.0 software (Raymond & Rousset, 1995).
Results and Discussion
Microsatellite loci, CAU144 and LIST005 were found to possibly contain null alleles, and four loci (VIAS-0S14, CAU3, OSM4 and LIST009) were possibly under positive selection at the 95% confidence level. The exclusion of the latter four loci from the analysis did not affect the results, that is, whether there are genetic differences between the breeds. The findings presented here thus report on the overall findings, that is, irrespective of whether 15 or 19 microsatellite loci were used. The results for the microsatellite marker polymorphisms are shown in Table 2. All 19 loci used were polymorphic. A high number of alleles (28) were observed for CAU85 in contrast to the number of alleles (16) that were reported previously (Tang et al., 2003). Microsatellite locus LIST009 had 27 alleles in comparison with the 13 alleles previously reported by Kumari and Kemp (1998). The number of alleles observed for OSM7 was 24 vs. the seven alleles previously reported by Kimwele et al. (1998). These differences in number of alleles may be owing to allele drop-out, which was not reported in the above studies, because of fewer PCR cycles during their annealing stage or because of possible mutations occurring at these loci (Beuzen et al., 2000).
Genetic diversity can be described by the mean number of alleles per locus as well as by the mean expected and observed heterozygosity of those alleles. A total of 263 alleles were observed across the three ostrich breeds. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.8 (Table 2). The expected heterozygosity amounted to 0.81 and the observed heterozygosity 0.69 for all the loci across all three breeds. This implies that there is a substantial amount of genetic diversity within the three ostrich breeds farmed with commercially in South Africa.
The average numbers of alleles per population were 8.8 for the SAB, 9.4 for the ZB and 6.2 for the KR, which gives an average of 8.1 alleles across all three breeds, with a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.74 and an observed heterozygosity of 0.69 (Table 3). Observed heterozygosity was the highest in the SAB (0.72 ± 0.019) breed, whereas it was the lowest for the ZB (0.68 ± 0.019) and KR (0.69 ± 0.026) breeds. These results are consistent with those of Kawka et al. (2007), who also found that the SAB breed had the highest level of heterozygosity and the KR the lowest. This may be because the SAB is a composite breed derived from northern African (S. c. camelus) and southern African (S. c. australis) ostriches (Deurden, 1913). The SAB genetic resource located at Oudtshoorn Research Farm also originated from different genetic resources (Bunter, 2002), possibly contributing to a higher diversity pool for this breed. The lower genetic variability observed in the ZB population may be because no prior knowledge was available of possible kinship relationships between individuals within the ZB breed. These birds could therefore be related to one another. The fixation index reported in this study is 0.05, 0.13 and 0.01 respectively for the SAB, ZB and KR breeds (Table 3). The estimate for fixation index within the ZB breed is the highest (Fi = 0.13), which are indicative of a closer degree of relatedness between individuals within this breed. The KR has the smallest Fi measure of 0.01, indicating limited inbreeding within this breed.
Significant differences were observed in terms of the genetic resemblance among the three breeds (Table 4). The SAB and ZB were genetically more similar to each other (FST = 0.10 and Nei = 0.49, P <0.05). The largest genetic distance were estimated between the ZB and KR breeds (FST = 0.13 and Nei = 0.61, P <0.05). This result was unexpected, because the areas of origin of the ZB and KR breeds are geographically closer than those of the SAB and KR breeds. Nevertheless, the largest genetic distance in the literature was previously reported between the SAB and KR breeds and the smallest between the ZB and KR breeds (Kawka et al. , 2007). The inconsistency of results might be because a bigger population size and a wider variety of microsatellites that were used in this study when compared with that of Kawka et al. (2007). An FST value of zero suggests that the variance of the allele frequencies within each population is similar (Hartl & Clark, 1997; Holsinger & Weir, 2009). All these F-statistic values fall in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 which is interpreted as moderate genetic differentiation between the breeds (Hartl & Clark, 1997) and therefore the variance of the allele frequencies among the SAB, ZB and KR differs (P <0.05). The genetic differentiation of the three breeds is illustrated in Figure 1.
The study indicates considerable genetic differentiation among the three ostrich breeds. The SAB breed seems to have the highest level of genetic variation. This high genetic variation provides capacity for genetic improvement within that breed. Genetic improvement has been achieved within the SAB breed in a line that was selected for chick production, which resulted in an increase of 3.1% per annum (Cloete et al., 2008a). The SAB founder population has also been sourced from different origins and initially different lines ("commercial" vs. feather) to form the basis of the population represented in this study. The ZB and KR exhibited lower levels of genetic variation. In the case of the ZB breed, this result may stem from the fact that the resource population did not have any ancestral information albeit sourced from separate commercial entities. The low levels of genetic variation within the ZB and KR breeds can be seen as a benefit, as crossing of separate populations with a higher level homozygosity is expected to lead to increased levels of heterosis. Genetic differences obtained among the SAB, ZB and KR serve as confirmation of the phenotypic differences reported among the breeds (Jarvis, 1998). Application of this knowledge can lead to economically viable commercial crossbreeding programmes based on scientific principles. Hybrid vigour stemming from crossbreeding can lead to improved reproduction of crossbred females, as well as an improved survival of crossbred chicks, as was observed by Engelbrecht et al. (2008). Since these improvements stem from the non-additive part of genetic variation, it is likely to be well adapted to commercial situations where terminal crossbreeding systems can be applied.
The authors wish to thank the staff at Oudtshoorn Research Farm for the care and maintenance of the experimental animals, the collection of the blood samples and the linkage of animals to specific blood samples. The senior author was supported financially by the Young Professional Persons Programme of the Western Cape Department of Agriculture during the course of the study and for the laboratory costs of the microsatellite analysis. Gratitude is also expressed towards the staff at the Central Analytical Facility at Stellenbosch University and the staff at the Genetics Department of Stellenbosch University for their assistance with the microsatellite-PCR and the interpretation of results.
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Kawka, M., Horbanczuk, J.O., Sacharczuk, M., Zi^ba, G., Lukaszewicz, M., Jaszczak, K. & Parada, R., 2007. Genetic characteristics of the ostrich population using molecular methods. Poult. Sci. 86, 277-281. [ Links ]
Kimwele, C.N., Graves, J.A., Burke, T. & Hanotte, O., 1998. Development of microsatellite markers for parentage typing of chicks in the Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Mol. Ecol. 7, 247-25. [ Links ]
Kumari, P. & Kemp, S.J., 1998. Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the ostrich (Struthio camelus). Mol. Ecol. 7, 133-140. [ Links ]
Li, S.J., Yang, S.H., Zhao, S.H., Fan, B., Yu, M., Wang, H.S., Li, M.H., Liu, B., Xiong, T.A. & Li, K., 2004. Genetic diversity analyses of 10 indigenous Chinese pig populations based on 20 microsatellites. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 368-374. [ Links ]
Mtileni, B.J., Muchadeyi, F.C., Maiwashe, A., Groeneveld, E., Groeneveld, L.F., Dzama, K. & Weigend, S., 2011. Genetic diversity and conservation of South African indigenous chicken populations. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 128, 209-218. [ Links ]
Muchadeyi, F.C., 2007. Assessment of genetic diversity of Zimbabwe village chicken eco-types. PhD dissertation for Agricultural Sciences in Gottingen (IPAG), Georg-August Univesitat, Germany. [ Links ]
Nei, M., 1972. Genetic distance between populations. Am. Nat. 106, 283-292. [ Links ]
Park, S.D.E., 2001. Trypanotolerance in Western African cattle and the population genetic effects of selection. Ph.D. Genetic Department, University of Dublin, Ireland. [ Links ]
Petite, J.M. & Davis, G., 1999. Breeding and Genetics. In: The Ostrich: Biology, Production and Health. Ed. Deeming, D.C., CABI Publ. CAB Int. Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom, pp. 275-292. [ Links ]
Raymond, M. & Rousset, F., 1995. Genepop (Version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact test and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86, 248-249. [ Links ]
Sambrook, J. & Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, USA. [ Links ]
Tang, B., Huang, Y., Lin, L., Hu, X., Feng, D., Yao, P., Zhang, L. & Li, N., 2003. Isolation and characterization of 70 novel microsatellite markers from ostrich (Struthio camelus) genome. Genome 46, 833-840. [ Links ]
Van Oosterhout, C., Hutchinson, W.E., Wills, D.P.M. & Shipley, P., 2004. MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol. Ecol. Notes. 4, 535-538. [ Links ]
Vicente, A.A., Carolina, M.I., Sousa, M.C.O., Ginja, C., Silva, F.S., Martinez, A.M., Vega-Pla, J.L., Carolina, N. & Gama, L.T., 2008. Genetic diversity in native and commercial breeds of pigs in Portugal assessed by microsatellites. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 2496-2507. [ Links ]
Weir, B.S., 1996. Genetic Data Analysis II, Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA. [ Links ]
Zhou, G., Jin, H., Zhu, Q., Guo, S. & Wu, Y., 2005. Genetic diversity analysis of five cattle breeds native to China using microsatellites. J. Genet. 84, 77-80. [ Links ]
Copyright resides with the authors in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South African Licence. S ee: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/za Condition of use: The user may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognise the authors and the South African Journal of Animal Science.
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Leonard B. Wilson, 4 years ago 0 1 min read 143
Leonard B. Wilson
Perhaps having watched way too many movies growing up, many have said that Leonard's unable to hold a conversation without directly relating any real life incident to a movie that matches it. A fan of movies overall, but still learning about the nuances of film and it's history, he can be found on Twitter as @Cavatica.
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AFRICAAM 18C: Sugar and Slavery, Race and Revolution: The Caribbean 1450-1888 (CSRE 108C, HISTORY 8C, HISTORY 108C)
This course examines race and slavery across British, French, and Spanish islands, plus Brazil. The intensity of Caribbean slavery produced societies where more people were enslaved than free. The idea of "black" was invented and contested as Caribbean inhabitants leaned on African roots to shape new cultures. Sugar production sparked global wars and planted the seed of modern financial systems. Black people fought back, in ways large and small, marking the beginning of emancipation with the Haitian Revolution.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI
Instructors: Mitchell, D. (PI)
2017-2018 Spring
3-5 units |
UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| Students enrolled: 12
04/02/2018 - 06/06/2018 Tue, Thu 4:30 PM - 5:50 PM at 200-305 with Mitchell, D. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2018-06-13 3:30pm - 6:30pm (Exam Schedule)
Instructors: Mitchell, D. (PI)
Additional Resources: (Login to view additional resources)
AFRICAAM 19: Studies in Music, Media, and Popular Culture: The Soul Tradition in African American Music (AMSTUD 147J, CSRE 147J, MUSIC 147J, MUSIC 247J)
The African American tradition of soul music from its origins in blues, gospel, and jazz to its influence on today's r&b, hip hop, and dance music. Style such as rhythm and blues, Motown, Southern soul, funk, Philadelphia soul, disco, Chicago house, Detroit techno, trip hop, and neo-soul. Soul's cultural influence and global reach; its interaction with politics, gender, place, technology, and the economy. Pre-/corequisite (for music majors): MUSIC 22. (WIM at 4 units only.)
Last offered: Winter 2015 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II, WAY-ED
AFRICAAM 21: African American Vernacular English (CSRE 21, LINGUIST 65, LINGUIST 265)
Vocabulary, pronunciation and grammatical features of the systematic and vibrant vernacular English [AAVE] spoken by African Americans in the US, its historical relation to British dialects, and to English creoles spoken on the S. Carolina Sea Islands (Gullah), in the Caribbean, and in W. Africa. The course will also explore the role of AAVE in the Living Arts of African Americans, as exemplified by writers, preachers, comedians and actors, singers, toasters and rappers, and its connections with challenges that AAVE speakers face in the classroom and courtroom. Service Learning Course (certified by Haas Center). UNITS: 3-5 units. Most students should register for 4 units. Students willing and able to tutor an AAVE speaking child in East Palo Alto and write an additional paper about the experience may register for 5 units, but should consult the instructor first. Students who, for exceptional reasons, need a reduced course load, may request a reduction to 3 units, but more of their course grade will come from exams, and they will be excluded from group participation in the popular AAVE Happenin at the end of the course.
Terms: Spr | Units: 3-5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-ED
Instructors: Rickford, J. (PI) ; Chan, B. (TA)
2017-2018 Spring
3-5 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-ED |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| Students enrolled: 10
04/02/2018 - 06/06/2018 Tue, Thu 3:00 PM - 4:20 PM at Econ 139 with Rickford, J. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2018-06-09 3:30pm - 6:30pm (Exam Schedule)
Instructors: Rickford, J. (PI)
UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-ED |
Class #
Section 02 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| Students enrolled: 4
04/02/2018 - 06/06/2018 Wed 4:30 PM - 5:20 PM with Chan, B. (TA)
Instructors: Chan, B. (TA)
Notes: Discussion meets on Wednesdays in 380-380D.
AFRICAAM 28: Health Impact of Sexual Assault and Relationship Abuse across the Lifecourse (HUMBIO 28)
Cross-listed with SOMGEN 237 and FEMGEN 237. HumBio students must enroll in HumBio 28 or AFRICAAM 28. An overview of the acute and chronic physical and psychological health impact of sexual abuse through the perspective of survivors of childhood, adolescent, young and middle adult, and elder abuse, including special populations such as pregnant women, military and veterans, prison inmates, individuals with mental or physical impairments. Also addresses: race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and other demographic and societal factors, including issues specific to college culture. Professionals with expertise in sexual assault present behavioral and prevention efforts such as bystander intervention training, medical screening, counseling and other interventions to manage the emotional trauma of abuse. Undergraduates must enroll for 3 units. Medical and graduate students should enroll in SOMGEN 237 for 1-3 units. To receive a letter grade in any listing, students must enroll for 3 units. This course must be taken for a letter grade and a minimum of 3 units to be eligible for Ways credit.
Terms: Aut | Units: 1-3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ED
Instructors: Stefanick, M. (PI) ; Kallen, A. (TA)
2017-2018 Autumn
1-3 units |
UG Reqs: WAY-ED |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| In Person
| Students enrolled: 14
09/25/2017 - 12/08/2017 Mon, Wed 3:00 PM - 4:20 PM at 200-034 with Stefanick, M. (PI); Kallen, A. (TA)
Axess Enrollment will open for students on September 1st.
Instructors: Stefanick, M. (PI); Kallen, A. (TA)
Additional Resources: (Login to view additional resources)
AFRICAAM 41: Genes and Identity (ANTHRO 41, CSRE 41A)
In recent decades genes have increasingly become endowed with the cultural power to explain many aspects of human life: physical traits, diseases, behaviors, ancestral histories, and identity. In this course we will explore a deepening societal intrigue with genetic accounts of personal identity and political meaning. Students will engage with varied interdisciplinary sources that range from legal cases to scientific articles, medical ethics guidelines, films, and anthropological works (ethnographies). We will explore several case studies where the use of DNA markers (as proof of heritage, disease risk, or legal standing) has spawned cultural movements that are biosocial in nature. Throughout we will look at how new social movements are organized around gene-based definitions of personhood, health, and legal truth. Several examples include political analyses of citizenship and belonging. On this count we will discuss issues of African ancestry testing as evidence in slavery reparations cases, revisit debates on whether Black Freedman should be allowed into the Cherokee and Seminole Nations, and hear arguments on whether people with genetic links to Jewish groups should have a right of return to Israel. We will also examine the ways genetic knowledge may shape different health politics at the individual and societal level. On this count we will do close readings of how personal genomics testing companies operate, we will investigate how health disparities funding as well as orphan disease research take on new valences when re-framed in genetic terms, and we will see how new articulations of global health priorities are emerging through genetic research in places like Africa. Finally we will explore social implications of forensic uses of DNA. Here we will examine civil liberties concerns about genetic familial searching in forensic databases that disproportionately target specific minority groups as criminal suspects, and inquire into the use of DNA to generate digital mugshots of suspects that re-introduce genetic concepts of race.
Terms: Win | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI
Instructors: Fullwiley, D. (PI)
2017-2018 Winter
3 units |
UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) |
| Students enrolled: 8
01/08/2018 - 03/16/2018 Mon, Wed 1:30 PM - 2:50 PM at 380-380Y with Fullwiley, D. (PI)
Instructors: Fullwiley, D. (PI)
Additional Resources: (Login to view additional resources)
AFRICAAM 43: Introduction to English III: Introduction to African American Literature (AMSTUD 12A, ENGLISH 12A)
(Formerly English 43/143). In his bold study, What Was African American Literature?, Kenneth Warren defines African American literature as a late nineteenth- to mid-twentieth-century response to the nation's Jim Crow segregated order. But in the aftermath of the Jim Crow era and the Civil Rights movement, can critics still speak, coherently, of "African American literature"? And how does this political conception of African American literary production compare with accounts grounded in black language and culture? Taking up Warren's intervention, this course will explore African American literature from its earliest manifestations in the spirituals and slave narratives to texts composed at the height of desegregation and decolonization struggles at mid-century and beyond.
Terms: Aut | Units: 5 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II, WAY-ED
Instructors: Rasberry, V. (PI)
2017-2018 Autumn
5 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II, WAY-ED |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| Students enrolled: 6
09/25/2017 - 12/08/2017 Tue, Thu 6:00 PM - 7:20 PM at 380-380W with Rasberry, V. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2017-12-14 7:00pm - 10:00pm (Exam Schedule)
Axess Enrollment will open for students on September 1st.
Instructors: Rasberry, V. (PI)
Additional Resources: (Login to view additional resources)
AFRICAAM 47: History of South Africa (CSRE 74, HISTORY 47)
(Same as HISTORY 147. History majors and others taking 5 units, register for 147.) Introduction, focusing particularly on the modern era. Topics include: precolonial African societies; European colonization; the impact of the mineral revolution; the evolution of African and Afrikaner nationalism; the rise and fall of the apartheid state; the politics of post-apartheid transformation; and the AIDS crisis.
Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, GER:EC-GlobalCom, WAY-ED, WAY-SI
Instructors: Campbell, J. (PI) ; Durham, B. (TA) ; Jacob, E. (TA) ; Wormer, M. (TA)
2017-2018 Autumn
3 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-SocSci, GER:EC-GlobalCom, WAY-ED, WAY-SI |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| Students enrolled: 19
09/25/2017 - 12/08/2017 Tue, Thu 10:30 AM - 11:50 AM at 200-002 with Campbell, J. (PI); Durham, B. (TA); Jacob, E. (TA); Wormer, M. (TA)
Exam Date/Time: 2017-12-13 12:15pm - 3:15pm (Exam Schedule)
Axess Enrollment will open for students on September 1st.
Instructors: Campbell, J. (PI); Durham, B. (TA); Jacob, E. (TA); Wormer, M. (TA)
Additional Resources: (Login to view additional resources)
AFRICAAM 48Q: South Africa: Contested Transitions (HISTORY 48Q)
Preference to sophomores. The inauguration of Nelson Mandela as president in May 1994 marked the end of an era and a way of life for South Africa. The changes have been dramatic, yet the legacies of racism and inequality persist. Focus: overlapping and sharply contested transitions. Who advocates and opposes change? Why? What are their historical and social roots and strategies? How do people reconstruct their society? Historical and current sources, including films, novels, and the Internet.
Terms: Win | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-GlobalCom, WAY-ED, WAY-SI, Writing 2
Instructors: Samoff, J. (PI)
2017-2018 Winter
4 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-GlobalCom, WAY-ED, WAY-SI, Writing 2 |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter or Credit/No Credit |
| Students enrolled: 1
01/08/2018 - 03/16/2018 Mon 12:30 PM - 1:20 PM at Encina West 101 with Samoff, J. (PI)
01/08/2018 - 03/16/2018 Tue 1:30 PM - 4:20 PM at Encina West 202 with Samoff, J. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2018-03-23 12:15pm - 3:15pm (Exam Schedule)
Instructors: Samoff, J. (PI)
Additional Resources:
AFRICAAM 52: Introduction to Improvisation in Dance: From Salsa to Vodun to Tap Dance (CSRE 152, TAPS 152)
This seminar introduces students to Dance Studies by exploring the topic of improvisation, a central concept in multiple genres of dance and music. We will survey a range of improvised dance forms¿from salsa to vodun to tap dance¿through readings, video viewings, discussion, and movement exercises (no previous dance experience required). When studying each genre, we will examine how race, gender, sexuality, citizenship, and other power structures affect the practices and theorizations of improvisation. Topics include community and identity formation; questions of technique versus ¿natural¿ ability; improvisation as a spiritual practice; and the role of history in improvisers¿ quest for spontaneity. Course material will focus on improvised dance, but we will also read pertinent literature in jazz music, theatre, and the law.
Last offered: Winter 2016 | UG Reqs: WAY-A-II, WAY-ED
AFRICAAM 52N: Mixed-Race Politics and Culture (ENGLISH 52N, POLISCI 29N)
Today, almost one-third of Americans identify with a racial/ethnic minority group, and more than 9 million Americans identify with multiple races. What are the implications of such diversity for American politics and culture? In this course, we approach issues of race from an interdisciplinary perspective, employing research in the social sciences and humanities to assess how race shapes perceptions of identity as well as political behavior in 21st century U.S. We will examine issues surrounding the role of multiculturalism, immigration, acculturation, racial representation and racial prejudice in American society. Topics we will explore include the political and social formation of "race"; racial representation in the media, arts, and popular culture; the rise and decline of the "one-drop rule" and its effect on political and cultural attachments; the politicization of Census categories and the rise of the Multiracial Movement.
Last offered: Winter 2017 | UG Reqs: WAY-ED, WAY-SI
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Tag Archives: wise man
The Leadership Choice
Posted on October 1, 2012 by Lovisa Williams
I am not much of a creative writer, but please be patient with my attempt at storytelling. There once was a great and powerful king who was known for being a kind and just king. He owned a vast kingdom … Continue reading →
Posted in Government, Lovisa A. Williams, Open Leaders, Organizational Transformation, People | Tagged @lovisatalk, apple of knowledge, apple of wisdom, choice, Gov20, Government 2.0, king, knowledge, leadership, Lovisa A Williams, lovisawilliams, organizational transformation, personal vs. professional, policy, social government, social media policy, social organization, story, storytelling, thought leadership, wisdom, wise man | 2 Comments


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HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) — A legal challenge to the Pennsylvania law mandating photo identification for voters is tentatively scheduled for trial in July.
A state judge on Tuesday announced the trial will begin July 15 in Harrisburg. It's expected to last a week or so.
Commonwealth Court Judge Robert Simpson's order says he'll decide by March 21 whether to modify an injunction that prevented the law from going into effect for the November 2012 election. Until then, the rules for the May 21 primary are up in the air.
Simpson's ruling that blocked the law said he was not convinced that enough voters would have been able to easily obtain the required IDs.
Voters were asked about whether they had identification when they cast ballots in November, but it wasn't required.
(© Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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What Is Commodity?
- A Raw Material Or Primary Agricultural Product That Can Be Bought And Sold, Such As Copper Or Coffee.
What Is Raw Material?
- The Basic Material From Which A Product Is Made.
What Is Primary Products?
- Primary Products Are Goods That Are Available From Cultivating Raw Materials Without A Manufacturing Process.
How We Categorize The Market Of Commodities?
What Is Raw Commodity?
- A Raw Material, Also Known As A Feedstock Or Most Correctly Unprocessed Material, Is A Basic Material That Is Used To Produce Goods, Finished Products, Energy, Or Intermediate Materials Which Are Feedstock For Future Finished Products.
What Is Feedstock?
- Raw Material To Supply Or Fuel A Machine Or Industrial Process.
What Is Soft Commodity?
- A Soft Commodity, Or Softs, Are Commodities Such As Coffee, Cocoa, Sugar, Corn, Wheat, Soybean, Fruit And Livestock. The Term Generally Refers To Commodities That Are Grown, Rather Than Mined; The Latter (Such As Oil, Copper And Gold) Are Known As Hard Commodities.
What Is Hard Commodity?
- Hard Commodities Are Typically Natural Resources That Must Be Mined Or Extracted (Such As Gold, Rubber And Oil), Whereas Soft Commodities Are Agricultural Products Or Livestock (Such As Corn, Wheat, Coffee, Sugar, Soybeans And Pork).
What Is Livestock?
- Farm Animals Regarded As An Asset.
What Are The Names Of Commodities Exist In Our Current Economic Markets & Which Code Is Apply For Trading Specific Commodity?
What Is Commodity Market?
- A Commodity Market Is A Market That Trades In Primary Economic Sector Rather Than Manufactured Products.
What Is Primary Economic Sector?
- The Primary Sector Of The Economy Is The Sector Of An Economy Making Direct Use Of Natural Resources. This Includes Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing And Mining.
There Are Three Sectors In Our Market Economy To Identify Nature Of Process For Various Types Of Natural Economic Resources To Build Hard Commodity & Soft Commodity Products:
Power Of Nature Made Each Country Rich In Specific Raw Sources That Can Be Used For Worldwide Economic Development Operations.
We Are All Excited To Know About Current Prices Of Commodities Like Gold, Silver & Food Items.
What Is Trading?
The Action Or Activity Of Buying And Selling Goods And Services.
Trading Of Commodities Push Demand & Supply Chain Of World Economic Production & Development. It Can Be Done Under Billing Process Approved By Country's Government Rules & Acts I.E. Tax Invoice & Retail Invoice.
- Difference Between Tax Invoice & Retail Invoice
- Difference Between Purchase Order & Sales Order
- Difference Between Purchase Order & Invoices


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Obama's Next Moves on Afghanistan, Pakistan
Confirmation hearings will give congressional critics a public stage to challenge the president on security issues.
Leon Panetta and Gen. David Petraeus will win easy confirmation to their new jobs on President Obama's national security team, but not until the Senate puts them on the spot about the administration's plans for bringing troops home from Afghanistan.
The hearings for Panetta, nominated to replace Robert Gates as defense secretary, and Petraeus, picked to succeed Panetta as CIA director, will also provide a rare public look at White House views about terrorism and national security after the death of Osama bin Laden.
Bin Laden's killing will put pressure on Obama and his team to speed up the drawdown of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, and some senators are eager to use the hearings to make that point. They will also push for details of the U.S. endgame in Iraq and to make a case -- unsuccessfully -- to curtail aid to Pakistan.
Questions are also likely to focus on prolonged American involvement in Libya, the United States' reluctance to take on the government of Syria in light of a crackdown on protesters, and the general unrest in much of the Arab world.
The administration's plan is to begin bringing back troops from Afghanistan in July. But it's not clear how many men and women will be covered by the initial order and how long it will take to complete the withdrawal.
Much of the pressure to bring the troops home faster will come from Democrats. "The sentiment is sizable in my caucus for a large reduction in troop strength, and especially in combat troops," Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl Levin (D-MI) said the day after the president announced bin Laden's demise.
Levin's views will get a wide airing as he chairs the confirmation hearings for Panetta. "Afghans now are in an even better position to take responsibility [for their own security] because whatever direction is coming from Pakistan, from that safe haven, no longer has the guidance or strength that bin Laden's presence could give to it."
Petraeus will be called on to answer similar types of questions, although the Senate Intelligence Committee is likely to conduct part of that hearing behind closed doors, given the hush-hush nature of much of the CIA's business.
There will be other chances, too, for lawmakers to press for answers about U.S. military and intelligence efforts, especially concerning Afghanistan. The Armed Services Committee will hold hearings this summer for Marine Lt. Gen. John Allen, nominated by the president to replace Petraeus as head of U.S. forces in Afghanistan. And the Senate Foreign Relations Committee will consider the nomination of Ryan Crocker, a veteran U.S. diplomat, to be the next U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan.
And at some point later in the year, confirmation hearings presumably will be held for Obama's choice to succeed Adm. Mike Mullen as chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. Mullen is widely expected to retire this summer.
The president's eventual pick to replace Mullen will come before Congress after the expected starting date of the troop reductions in Afghanistan, giving lawmakers one last public forum to call for changes.


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I've got FOUR winners today...
Winner of the 500 Follower Prize Pack:
Tammy B who said: well congratulations to you tifany! i've been a follower for a while now and am happy to be part of your 500!
Winner of The Twinery's "I Dream In Twine" Sampler Pack:
Mary-Anne V who said: congrats on reaching 500+ followers..just became one too! Love your work. thanks for the chance to win.
Winner of the WCMD Winner Blog Hop Prize Pack:
Ronnie Bear who said: That's a very cool inking technique and a very nice coordinating gift idea...Thank you!
Congratulations on the win and you bet I'll be watching your blog when I get a chance. You know what they say about "following" successful people!! Keep up the great work !!
Winner of the March/April 2012 issue from Paper Crafts Magazine:
Ashley who said: This is beautiful and I love the bookmark :)
Congratulations to you all!
Winners: please send me an e-mail with your US mailing address so I can get your prize package out to you.
{You can find my e-mail address in my blog header or on my Blogger profile.}
{Each winner will have 48 hours to contact me with their information. If they have not contacted me by that time, a new winner will be chosen.}
And if you want to check the full line-up again to see if you've won elsewhere, here it is:
Paper Crafts
Alyssa Scritchfield
Amber Daigre
Becky Olsen
Carol Bloomberg
Julie Day
Kelley Eubanks
Kelly Rasmussen
Laurie Willison
Lisa Petrella
Patricia Folchert
Savannah O'Gwynn
Sharon Dunn
Stephanie Washburn
Terri Davenport
Tifany DeGough <-- That's me!
Trinh Arrieta
Vanessa Menhorn
Veronica Zalis
Wendy Frederick


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Service Test 1 Defrost Thermostat & Defrost Circuit TestWhen selected this test will display the state of the defrost thermostat. In order to perform this test the defrost heater will be energized. The test is activated and deactivated using the Refrigerator Up Key
Defrost Operation:The Control Board adapts the compressor run time between defrosts to achieve optimum defrost intervals by monitoring the length of time the defrost heater is on.After initial power up, defrost interval is 4 hours compressor run time. Defrost occurs immediately after the 4 hours.Note: Once unit is ready to defrost there is a 4 minute wait time prior to the beginning of the defrost cycle.Optimum defrost is 15 minutes. Each additional minute the defrost thermostat remains closed, 1 hr. is subtracted from the previous defrost interval. Each minute the thermostat opens prior to optimum defrost, it extends the next defrost interval 1 hr. When defrost thermostat opens there is a 4-6 minute drip time before compressor restarts or Control Board will terminate defrost at 25 minutes if defrost thermostat has not opened and will reset the defrost interval to the 8 hr. minimum setting.4 hours of continuous compressor run resets the next defrost interval to 8 hours and will initiate a defrost, if 8 hours of compressor run time has also occurred.Forced Defrost Mode:Power up Refrigeration mode will occur unless both the cold control and defrost terminator are open, in that case the defrost mode will occur for 2 minutes.The forced defrost function is performed using the refrigerator display and keypad. Enter the Forced Defrost Mode by performing the following sequence of events:1. Hold the refrigerator door light switch closed.2. Press the Refrigerator Temperature Down keypad 3 times consecutively.Note: The 3 keystrokes must be consecutive and within 10 seconds.
So what you are saying is the board was probably set from factory then jumped to what he found and now it is set correct but it may inadvertently jump again so therefore replace that board.
My question now is have you have very many of these boards go bad?
maybe with all of the maytag problems on earlier models i'm the only one dumb enough to buy a maytag.