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USB 3.1 Dual 3.5" SATA (6Gbps) HDD Enclosure with RAID - USB-C and USB-A
Create high performance external storage with a dual SATA HDD RAID array, through USB 3.1 (10Gbps)
Product ID: S352BU313R
- Supports two 3.5" SATA HDDs/SSDs/SSHDs
- Data transfer speeds of up to 10Gbps through USB 3.1 Gen 2 connectivity
- Supports RAID 0, RAID 1, JBOD and SPAN (BIG)
- Supports SATA revision I/II/III (up to 6 Gbps)
- Aluminum and plastic housing with metal hard-drive mounting tray
- Compatible with Thunderbolt 3 USB-C port
- Built-in fan
- Includes 2 cables, USB-C to B and USB-A to B
- Backward compatible with USB 3.0 (USB Gen 1), USB 2.0
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This USB 3.1 dual-bay drive enclosure makes it easy to add high-capacity, high-performance external data storage to your laptop or desktop computer. The dual-bay RAID enclosure supports two 3.5" SATA hard drives with ultra-fast data transfer speeds and configurable RAID modes.
High-speed, high-capacity data storage
Create a high-capacity, external data storage solution with support for two 3.5" HDDs, SSDs or SSHDs. This 2-bay 3.5" drive enclosure delivers fast file transfer rates up to 10Gbps with USB 3.1 Gen 2 performance. It supports SATA I, II and III and is enhanced with UASP to maximize the performance and speed of your SATA III drives.
The dual-drive RAID enclosure provides an effective solution for creative professionals, office employees, researchers, and medical personnel to store, access, back up, and protect important files. It gives you the peace of mind of knowing that your data is safe, secure, and protected.
Increase performance and data redundancy through RAID
With multiple RAID options, you can gain increased storage size, performance, or redundancy. The enclosure supports RAID 0, RAID 1, JBOD and SPAN (BIG), which enables you to choose your preferred backup mode and customize your drive arrangement based on your storage requirements.
Designed for reliability and versatility
To maximize both durability and reliability, the external RAID enclosure features an aluminum and plastic housing with a metal hard-drive mounting tray. It also features a built-in fan, to help dissipate operating heat and maintain an optimum operating environment for drive protection.
The dual-bay drive enclosure includes both a USB-C and USB-A cable for flexible use with the latest laptops and tablets, equipped with a USB-C™ port, Thunderbolt™ 3 USB-C port, as well as legacy devices. The enclosure is OS independent, requiring no additional software or drivers.
The S352BU313R is backed by a StarTech.com 2-year warranty and free lifetime technical support.
- Ideal for small business or home offices, build an external RAID array for data redundancy, to protect against drive failure when working with important data
- Video editing or photography professionals/enthusiasts can securely work with very large files
- Transfer large files between computers quickly and securely without a network
- Easy storage transfers between different computer systems and large volume external storage for backups/archiving
Product Numbers
Ingram Micro UK
CMS Distribution
UPC Code
Technical Specifications
|Warranty Information
|2 Years
|Bus Type
|USB 3.1 Gen 2
|Chipset ID
|ASMedia - ASM1352R
|Compatible Drive Types
|Drive Installation
|Drive Size
|Fan Bearing Type
|Sleeve Bearing
|1 - 50 mm
|USB 3.1 Gen 2
|Number of Drives
|4Kn Support
|Max Drive Capacity
|Tested up to 10TB
|Maximum Data Transfer Rate
|10 Gbps
|100,000 hours
|Supported RAID Modes
|RAID 0 (Striped Disks)
|RAID 1 (Mirrored Disks)
|JBOD - (Just a Bunch of Disks)
|BIG (Spanning or Concatenation)
|TRIM Support
|Type and Rate
|USB 3.1 Gen 2 - 10 Gbit/s
|SATA III (6 Gbps)
|UASP Support
|Drive Connectors
|2 - SATA Data & Power Combo (7+15 pin)
|Host Connectors
|1 - USB 3.1 USB Type-B (9 pin, Gen 2, 10 Gbps)
|OS Compatibility
|OS independent; No software or drivers required
|Special Notes / Requirements
|Windows 7 and earlier Windows versions do not support TRIM with USB to SATA devices.
|LED Indicators
|1 - Power
|2 - Drive Activity
|Center Tip Polarity
|Input Current
|Input Voltage
|Output Current
|Output Voltage
|Plug Type
|Power Consumption (In Watts)
|Power Source
|AC Adapter Included
|Operating Temperature
|0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
|Storage Temperature
|-10°C to 65°C (14°F to 149°F)
|Physical Characteristics
|Aluminum and Plastic
|Product Height
|12.5 cm [4.9 in]
|Product Length
|19 cm [7.5 in]
|Product Width
|75 mm [3 in]
|Weight of Product
|1 kg [2.2 lb]
|Packaging Information
|Package Height
|15.1 cm [5.9 in]
|Package Length
|26.1 cm [10.3 in]
|Package Width
|18.6 cm [7.3 in]
|Shipping (Package) Weight
|1.8 kg [3.9 lb]
|What's in the Box
|Included in Package
|1 - dual-bay enclosure
|1 - universal power adapter (NA/JP, UK, EU, ANZ)
|1 - USB-A to USB-B cable
|1 - USB-C to USB-B cable
|1 - enclosure stand
|8 - drive screws
|1 - quick-start guide
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Product Support
Data Sheets
Frequently Asked Questions
Before You Buy
Yes, this device supports the TRIM command. If the OS issues a TRIM command, the command will be passed to the connected device.
To determine if your hard drive will work in this enclosure, on the product page, click the Technical Specifications tab, and do the following:
- Make sure that the enclosure supports the storage size of your hard drive. If the storage size of your hard drive is larger than what the enclosure was tested with, the hard drive will likely still work with the enclosure.
- Confirm that your hard drive uses the same interface type as the enclosure. For example, IDE, SATA, or M.2.
- Make sure that the enclosure supports the physical size of your hard drive, such as 2.5 inches or 3.5 inches.
- Make sure that the enclosure supports the height of your hard drive. For example, 9 mm or 15 mm.
- Verify that the power consumption of your hard drive doesn't exceed the power output of the enclosure. If you're using multiple hard drives, make sure that the combined power consumption of all of the hard drives doesn't exceed the power output of the enclosure.
Note: Not all StarTech.com devices support each of the RAID modes described below. For more information on the RAID modes that your device supports, refer to the manual or the StarTech.com product page.
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a virtual disk technology that combines multiple physical drives into one unit. RAID can create redundancy, improve performance, or do both.
RAID should not be considered a replacement for backing up your data. If critical data is going onto a RAID array, it should be backed up to another physical drive or logical set of drives.
The following are terms that are normally used in connection with RAID:
- Striping: data is split between multiple disks.
- Mirroring: data is mirrored between multiple disks.
- Parity: also referred to as a checksum. Parity is a calculated value used to mathematically rebuild data.
Different RAID levels exist for different application requirements.
Refer to the following table for the list of RAID modes offered by some StarTech.com products:
|RAID mode
|Striped disks
|Data is split evenly between two or more disks.
|Large size and the fastest speed.
|No redundancy.
|If one or more drives fails, this results in array failure.
|Mirrored disks
|Two or more drives have identical data on them.
|A single drive failure will not result in data loss.
|Speed and size is limited by the slowest and smallest disk.
|Only one drive is needed for recovery.
|Striped set with dedicated parity
|Data is split evenly between two or more disks, plus a dedicated drive for parity storage.
|High speeds for sequential read/write operations.
|Poor performance for multiple simultaneous instructions.
|A single drive failure will rebuild.
|Striped disks with distributed parity
|Data is split evenly between three or more disks. Parity is split between disks.
|Large size, fast speed, and redundancy.
|The total array size is reduced by parity.
|A single drive failure will rebuild.
|1+0; Striped set of Mirrored Subset
|Four or more drives are made into two mirrors that are striped.
|Larger size and higher speed than RAID-1, and more redundancy than RAID-0.
|No parity.
|Only one drive in a mirrored set can fail.
|Just a Bunch Of Disks
|Any number of drives are accessed independently by the operating system.
|Software RAID modes can be used.
|Hardware RAID may have better performance.
|Spanning or Concatenation
|Data is written on one drive until it is full, and then the next drive(s) until it or they are full.
|Creates a very large and simple array.
No redundancy.
|RAID 1 + Spare
Two drives have identical data, plus one drive is used for rebuilding in case of a primary array failure.
|Seamless operation when one drive fails in a RAID-1 array.
|Spare drive is not accessible to the user.
|Only one drive is needed for recovery.
USB 3.1 is the most recent version of the USB (Universal Serial Bus) standard for connecting computers and electronic devices. It is capable of data transfer speeds up to 10Gbps, and while it can use the USB-C connector type, it can also use a variety of other connector types. To achieve USB 3.1 transfer speeds, your USB host connection, cables, and device must all support USB 3.1. USB 3.1 is also known as USB 3.1 Gen 2 (10Gbps).
USB 3.0 is capable of data transfer speeds up to 5Gbps. USB 3.0 is also known as USB 3.1 Gen 1 (5Gbps).
USB 3.1 is backwards compatible with USB 3.0 and USB 2.0, except in the following scenarios:
- USB-B 3.1 cables are not compatible with USB-B 2.0 ports.
- Unless you use an adapter, USB-C ports or cables will not work with USB-A or USB-B ports or cables.
- Devices that require USB 3.1 transfer speeds of 10Gbps might not work with USB 3.0 or USB 2.0, or you might experience lower transfer speeds and impacted performance.
- Bus-powered USB devices that requires more power than what USB 2.0 can provide are not compatible with USB 2.0.
For products related to this article, click here.
To transfer data at speeds of 10Gbps, you need to confirm that the following components in your setup support USB 3.1:
- The USB host connection
- The USB cable
- The USB device and any subcomponents (for example, a hard drive docking station and the hard drives in the docking station)
Note: USB 3.1 is also known as USB 3.1 Gen 2 (10Gbps). Devices that support USB 3.1 should have the USB 3.1 symbol on them. If the USB 3.1 symbol does not appear on your USB source or device, refer to the information provided by the manufacturer to confirm whether the USB source or device support USB 3.1.
The included USB cable for this USB 3.1 Gen 2 device has been tested and verified to perform at USB 3.1 Gen 2 speeds of 10Gbps.
How to
To confirm that the Mac OS detects your USB device, complete the following:
- Click the Apple icon.
- Click About This Mac.
- Click More Info or System Report.
- Under the appropriate heading, confirm that your USB device is listed and that there isn't an error. For example, a network card would be under Ethernet Cards.
You may need to refresh the System Information page after you plug in your device. To do so, press Command + R with the System Information page open.
Your USB device is listed according to the name of the chipset. To determine the name of the chipset of your USB device, navigate to www.StarTech.com and look on the Technical Specifications tab for your product.
When you troubleshoot issues with a hard drive enclosure, there are some quick tests that you can complete to rule out potential problems. You can test to make sure that the following components are working correctly and are not the source of the issue:
- Cables
- Hard drives
- Hard drive enclosure
To test your setup components, try the following:
- Use the cables, hard drives, and hard drive enclosure in another setup to see if the problem is with the components or the setup.
- Use a different cable, hard drive, and hard drive enclosure in your setup to see if the problem persists. Ideally, you should test a component that you know works in another setup.
When you test the hard drive and hard drive enclosure, it is recommended that you do the following:
- To check Disk Management, press the Windows key + R, type diskmgmt.msc, and press Enter. Check to see if your hard drive is listed.
- If the hard drive is listed with unallocated space, the hard drive needs to be reformatted. Right-click unallocated and click New Simple Volume. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the reformatting.
Note: Formatting a hard drive erases all of the data on it. Make sure that you back up all of your data before you reformat the hard drive.
- If the hard drive is listed as healthy but does not have a drive letter, for example, C:, right-click healthy and click Change Drive Letter and Paths. Click Add, assign a drive letter, and click OK.
Note: A formatted hard drive will not show up in Computer or My Computer until it has a drive letter assigned to it.
In order to rebuild a RAID array, you need to replace a physical drive with an identical drive on the same RAID controller. Although standard RAID levels are generally agreed upon throughout the industry, the implementation varies between manufacturers. RAID arrays are typically not accessible when they are moved to another controller, and data may be unrecoverable if the drives are out of order or have been formatted or accessed by another RAID controller.
If a RAID controller has failed, you should get the exact same model of RAID controller.
Note: If a drive or drives were damaged, it is possible that the RAID array may be permanently unrecoverable.
RAID should not be considered a replacement for backing up your data. If critical data is going onto a RAID array, you should back up the data on another physical drive or logical set of drives.
Rebuild a RAID array
With the following RAID modes, recovery is possible using the same StarTech.com product. Refer to the following table for the appropriate method to use to recover your RAID array.
|RAID mode
|Max # of failed drives
|Only one drive is needed for recovery.
The array will rebuild and is accessible during the rebuilding process.
|Single drive failure will rebuild.
Note: Do not change the order of the drives.
|Single drive failure will rebuild.
Note: Do not change the order of the drives.
|Only one drive in a mirrored set can fail.
Note: Do not change the order of the drives.
If your setup components support USB 3.1 but you are experiencing slower transfer speeds than you expected, consider the following:
- A USB host connection with multiple USB 3.1 ports might not be able to support 10Gbps on each port simultaneously.
- The type of port on a device does not determine whether the device is capable of USB 3.1 speeds. A USB-C port might not support USB 3.1 speeds, while USB-A and USB-B ports might support USB 3.1 speeds.
- Any other devices that you include in your setup, such as an older hard drive in a USB 3.1 enclosure, might create a point of congestion and slow down transfer speeds.
To confirm the functionality of your USB host connection, its ports, and any other devices in your setup, refer to the information provided by the manufacturer.
Note: USB 3.1 is also known as USB 3.1 Gen 2 (10Gbps). Devices that support USB 3.1 should have the USB 3.1 symbol on them. If the USB 3.1 symbol does not appear on your USB source or device, refer to the information provided by the manufacturer to confirm whether the USB source or device support USB 3.1.
Hard Drives
Windows 10
Before you can access a new or formatted drive in your operating system, you need to initialize it first and then create a partition on the drive. A partition defines an area of the drive to use for storing data. The partition uses a file system (for example, ex-FAT, NTFS, and so on).
Initialize a drive
Note: You typically only need to initialize a drive if the drive is new. If you cannot find an uninitialized drive in Disk Management, skip the following steps and try to partition your device.
Press the Windows key + R, type compmgmt.msc, and click Run to open Computer Management.
Navigate to Disk Management.
When prompted to, initialize your disk(s). If you are running Windows® 7 or later and are using a drive larger than 2TB, initialize the disk(s) with GPT. If you are running an earlier version of Windows, initialize the disk(s) with MBR. For more information, visit the following FAQ: https://www.startech.com/support/faqs/technical-support?topic=hard-drives#mbr-vs-gpt.
Click OK.
Create a partition in a drive
Note: The following steps create an NTFS partition that uses the entire drive space. To use a different file system, select a different option in step 6.
Right-click Unallocated or RAW volume, and select New Simple Volume.
In the New Partition Wizard, click Next.
Select Primary partition.
Leave the partition size set to default, and click Next.
Assign a drive letter or leave it set to the default, and click Next.
Enter the following settings to format the partition:
- In the File System field, enter NTFS.
- Set the Allocation unit size to Default.
- In the Volume label field, enter <your name/reference>.
- Select the Perform a quick format check box.
- Clear the Enable file and folder compression check box.
- Click Next > Finish.
The new drive should appear in Windows Explorer.
Mac OS
Before you can access a new or formatted drive in your operating system, you need to initialize it first and then create a partition on the drive. A partition defines an area of the drive to use for storing data. The partition uses a file system (for example, HFS+, ex-FAT, NTFS, and so on).
Initialize a drive
Mac OSX detects a drive that needs to be initialized and automatically prompts you to initialize the drive. If you are prompted to initialize the drive, click Initialize. If you are not prompted to initialize the drive and you cannot find the drive in Finder, you will need to create a partition on the drive.
Create a partition on a drive
Note: The following steps create an HFS+ (Mac OS Extended (Journaled)) partition that uses the entire drive space.
To create a partition on a new drive, complete the following:
Open Finder.
Navigate to Applications and click Utilities.
Open Disk Utility.
Select the new drive and click the Partition tab.
Click Options and verify that it is set to GUID Partition Table.
Enter a name for the partition.
Click Partition.
The drive should now be accessible in Finder.
For products related to this article, click here.
Compliance and Safety
Compliance Letters
Safety Measures
- If product has an exposed circuit board, do not touch the product under power.
- If Class 1 Laser Product. Laser radiation is present when the system is open.
- Wiring terminations should not be made with the product and/or electric lines under power.
- Product installation and/or mounting should be completed by a certified professional as per the local safety and building code guidelines.
- Cables (including power and charging cables) should be placed and routed to avoid creating electric, tripping or safety hazards.
* Product appearance and specifications are subject to change without notice.
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USB 3.1 Dual 3.5" SATA (6Gbps) HDD Enclosure with RAID - USB-C and USB-A
Product ID: S352BU313R


text:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka ... .vaji.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Is there any hidden meaning to this part of sutta?Eight Causes of Earthquakes
12. And the Venerable Ananda approached the Blessed One, and respectfully greeting him, sat down at one side. Then he spoke to the Blessed One, saying: "Marvellous it is indeed, and most wonderful! The earth shakes mightily, tremendously! Dreadful and astonishing it is how the thunders roll across the heavens! What could be the reason, what the cause, that so mighty an earthquake should arise?"
13. Then the Blessed One said: "There are eight reasons, Ananda, eight causes for a mighty earthquake to arise. What are those eight?
14. "This great earth, Ananda, is established upon liquid, the liquid upon the atmosphere, and the atmosphere upon space. And when, Ananda, mighty atmospheric disturbances take place, the liquid is agitated. And with the agitation of the liquid, tremors of the earth arise. This is the first reason, the first cause for the arising of mighty earthquakes.
15. "Again, Ananda, when an ascetic or holy man of great power, one who has gained mastery of his mind, or a deity who is mighty and potent, develops intense concentration on the delimited aspect of the earth element, and to a boundless degree on the liquid element, he, too, causes the earth to tremble, quiver, and shake. This is the second reason, the second cause for the arising of mighty earthquakes.
16-21. "Again, Ananda, when the Bodhisatta departs from the Tusita realm and descends into his mother's womb, mindfully and clearly comprehending; and when the Bodhisatta comes out from his mother's womb, mindfully and clearly comprehending; and when the Tathagata becomes fully enlightened in unsurpassed, supreme Enlightenment; when the Tathagata sets rolling the excellent Wheel of the Dhamma; when the Tathagata renounces his will to live on; and when the Tathagata comes to pass away into the state of Nibbana in which no element of clinging remains — then, too, Ananda, this great earth trembles, quivers, and shakes.
"These, Ananda, are the eight reasons, the eight causes for a great earthquake to arise. [27]
What about the tectonics plate reasoning?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Johnny Cash sang famously about a "Boy Named Sue," and while it seems that things have changed a bit, it's still not always easy for a boy with a "girl's" name. But that doesn't mean we shouldn't give them. The fact is: sometimes a "girl's name" is just better on a boy.
My son Alan shares his name with a girl, and while I like it on her, I must say, I prefer it on my little man. I think a name like Sam (my daughter's name) is probably equally good on a girl or a boy, but a name like Avery is just better on a boy.
Obviously, these are my opinions, but here are 15 "girl" names that sound much better on a boy:
- Ashley: In Gone With the Wind, the object of Scarlett O'Hara's love is Ashley Wilkes (try to avoid a Southern accent when saying that, I dare you), and while it has become a "girl's" name in recent years, I still far prefer it for a boy. Also, it's my dad's name.
- Aaron: Obviously the girl's name is spelled Erin, but I still prefer this name on a boy.
- Loren: Again, this is one where the name is spelled differently for a girl. But I happen to think it's a really neat name for a boy.
- Adrian: I love this name on both boys and girls, but I think it should be used more for boys.
- Andy: Pretty in Pink made me love this on a girl. But generally I think it's a better name for a boy.
- Finley: This is just adorable on a boy. I wouldn't like it nearly as much on a girl.
- Gray: This works well on a boy. Not so much on a female.
- Greer: This seems way more masculine to me.
- Kevin: I have only known one girl named Kevin, but I think even she would have said it's a better boy name.
- Phoenix: Hippy? Yes. But also really nice.
- Sage: Again with the crunchy! Sorry, but I love this male name.
- Vick: I can't imagine this working too well on a female. But I love it on a boy.
- Ryan: This IS a boy name. Period. Is nothing sacred?
- Ellis: Boy's name. Period.
- Alex: I have to give the slight edge to boys named Alex, though I do think it works on either sex.
What "girl" name do you like on boys?
Image via handmaidenbymaria/Flickr


text:
It seems that Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg has been asking for a lot of advice from knowledgeable sources -- including Berkshire Hathaway's Warren Buffett.
The billionaire octogenarian reportedly spoke of the 2011 meeting in Sun Valley, Idaho with Becky Quick of CNBC, which she tweeted enthusiastically. Publicly, Buffett has said he and his company have no interest in purchasing Facebook shares.
Any time you get a truly extraordinary business— and it's obviously— you know, it's an extraordinary business— but they're the hardest ones to value because the question is, is whether five or 10 years from now that they will be as extraordinary as they are now, or they may keep doing more and more wonderful things. So I— it's just harder to figure out than, oh, we'll say Coca-Cola. . . . I mean, Coca-Cola 10 years from now is going to be bigger and more profitable, in my view, than it is now, but there won't be some quantum change in either direction. So it's much easier for me to figure out what Coca-Cola's worth than Google or Facebook.
Buffett said that the meeting was arranged by a shareholder and Zuckerberg asked him questions about going public with a company. Buffett said he offered some advice but didn't go into details. (However the notoriously frugal Buffett did go into detail about how he scammed expensive ties off of Jay-Z and President Obama.)
It's not surprising that Zuckerberg sought out advice from anyone with some business acumen about Facebook's IPO which starts its roadshow today. So why wouldn't he ask the advice of one of the richest, yet down-to-earth, men in the country? Perhaps Buffett even managed to get a Facebook hoodie out of it.


text: The pressure and temperature measurement in cooling and heating systems are indispensable to control the performance of the system, Bourdon offers instruments suitable for operating with the latest generation of refrigerants. Due to the criticality of materials in contact with refrigerants, a team of engineers is at your disposal to help you choose the most suitable option. Indirect level measurement in closed systems, temperature control in enclosed spaces, evaporation pressure and condensation are some of the most common applications for which Bourdon offers a solution.


text:
ARTHIST 106: Byzantine Art and Architecture, 300-1453 C.E. (ARTHIST 306, CLASSICS 171)
(Formerly CLASSART 106/206.) This course and its study trip to the Getty (Los Angeles) to view the new Byzantine exhibition explores the art and architecture of the Eastern Mediterranean: Constantinople, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Damascus, Thessaloniki, and Palermo, 4th-15th centuries. Applying an innovative approach, we will probe questions of phenomenology and aesthetics, focusing our discussion on the performance and appearance of spaces and objects in the changing diurnal light, in the glitter of mosaics and in the mirror reflection and translucency of marble.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
ARTHIST 111: Introduction to Italian Renaissance, 1420-1580 (ARTHIST 311)
New techniques of pictorial illusionism and the influence of the humanist revival of antiquity in the reformulation of the pictorial arts in 15th-century Italy. How different Italian regions developed characteristic artistic cultures through mutual interaction and competition.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum
Instructors: Hansen, M. (PI)
2014-2015 Autumn
4 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) |
| Students enrolled: 5
09/22/2014 - 12/05/2014 Tue, Thu 12:35 PM - 2:05 PM at 200-002 with Hansen, M. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2014-12-11 3:30pm - 6:30pm (Exam Schedule)
Axess Enrollment will open for students on September 1st.
Instructors: Hansen, M. (PI)
ARTHIST 114: Mystical Naturalism: Van Eyck, Dürer, and the Northern Renaissance (ARTHIST 314)
A survey of the major innovations in Northern European painting ca. 1400-1600, in light of the social status of the artist between city and court. In the early fifteenth century painters began to render an idealized world down to its smallest details in ways that engaged new devotional practices. Later Hieronymus Bosch would identify the painter¿s imagination with the bizarre and grotesque. In response to Renaissance humanism, some painters introduced classical mythology and allegorical subjects in their works, and many traveled south to absorb Italianate pictorial styles. We will be visiting art museums in San Francisco and Stanford. May be repeat for credit.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II | Repeatable for credit
ARTHIST 117: Picturing the Papacy, 1300-1850 (ARTHIST 317)
Popes deployed art and architecture to glorify their dual spiritual and temporal authority, being both Christ's vicars on earth and rulers of state. After the return of the papacy from Avignon, Rome underwent numerous campaigns of renovation that staged a continuity between the pontiffs and the ancient Roman emperors. Patronage of art and architecture became important tools in the fight against Protestantism. Artists include Botticelli, Michelangelo, Caravaggio, and Bernini.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II | Repeatable for credit
ARTHIST 120: Living in a Material World: Seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish Painting (ARTHIST 320)
Painting and graphic arts by artists in Flanders and Holland from 1600 to 1680, a period of political and religious strife. Historical context; their relationship to developments in the rest of Europe and contributions to the problem of representation. Preferences for particular genres such as portraits, landscapes, and scenes of everyday life; the general problem of realism as manifested in the works studied.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
Instructors: Marrinan, M. (PI)
2014-2015 Winter
4 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) |
| Students enrolled: 7
01/05/2015 - 03/13/2015 Mon, Wed 12:35 PM - 2:05 PM at Art4 with Marrinan, M. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2015-03-16 8:30am - 11:30am (Exam Schedule)
Instructors: Marrinan, M. (PI)
ARTHIST 122: The Age of Revolution: Painting in Europe 1780-1830 (ARTHIST 322)
Survey of European painting bracketed by the French Revolution and the end of the Napoleonic conquest. Against this background of social upheavel, the visual arts were profoundly affected by shifts in patronage, public, and ideas about the social utility of image making. Lectures and readings align ruptures in the tradition of representation with the unfolding historical situation, and trace the first manifestations of a "romantic" alternative to the classicism that was the cultural legacy of pre-Revolutionary Europe.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
ARTHIST 124: The Age of Naturalism, Painting in Europe1830-1874 (ARTHIST 324)
Survey of European painting from the heyday of Romanticism to the first Impressionist exhibition. Lectures and readings focus on the tensions between traditional forms and ambitions of history painting and the challenge of "modern" subjects drawn from contemporary life. Attention to the impact of painting in the open-air, and the effect of new imaging technologies- notably lithography and photography - to provide "popular" alternatives to the hand-wrought character and elitist appeal of "high art" cultural forms.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
ARTHIST 132: American Art and Culture, 1528-1910 (AMSTUD 132, ARTHIST 332)
The visual arts and literature of the U.S. from the beginnings of European exploration to the Civil War. Focus is on questions of power and its relation to culture from early Spanish exploration to the rise of the middle classes. Cabeza de Vaca, Benjamin Franklin, John Singleton Copley, Phillis Wheatley, Charles Willson Peale, Emerson, Hudson River School, American Genre painters, Melville, Hawthorne and others.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, GER:EC-AmerCul, WAY-A-II
ARTHIST 142: Architecture Since 1900 (CEE 32G)
Art 142 is an introduction to the history of architecture since 1900 and how it has shaped and been shaped by its cultural contexts. The class also investigates the essential relationship between built form and theory during this period.
Terms: Aut | Units: 4 | UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
Instructors: Beischer, T. (PI)
2014-2015 Autumn
4 units |
UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II |
Class #
Section 01 |
Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) |
| In Person
| Students enrolled: 15
09/22/2014 - 12/05/2014 Tue, Thu 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM at 300-300 with Beischer, T. (PI)
Exam Date/Time: 2014-12-10 7:00pm - 10:00pm (Exam Schedule)
Axess Enrollment will open for students on September 1st.
Instructors: Beischer, T. (PI)
ARTHIST 143A: American Architecture (ARTHIST 343A)
A historically based understanding of what defines American architecture. What makes American architecture American, beginning with indigenous structures of pre-Columbian America. Materials, structure, and form in the changing American context. How these ideas are being transformed in today's globalized world.
| UG Reqs: GER:DB-Hum, WAY-A-II
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text:
Bill Romanowski has always loved nutrition and that love gave him a lengthy NFL career and allowed him to play in 243 consecutive games. Once he retired, Bill took that love of nutrition and turned that into Nutrition53, a line of products that can assist anyone, not just a professional athlete. Bill recently gave his Lean1 product a facelift and to help introduce Splash Magazines Worldwide readers we have teamed up for a Lean1 giveaway.
After several successful years with Lean1, Bill decided to make it even better. The benefits of probiotics are finally making their way into the mainstream public and Bill decided to add this to Lean1 to let you reap the benefits. In addition he added highly absorbent pea protein and lactobacillus acidophilus and to kick start the fat burning there is also green coffee bean extract. He also bumped up the fiber by 60% and he increased D3 by a whopping 650%! Bill didn't just add to Lean1, he took away a few things, namely calories, cutting a serving down to 200 calories and on average he decreased sugar by 15% and fat by 10%.Lean1 has some great new flavors including: chai, raspberry vanilla, banana and chocolate peanut butter.
To complement the vegan lifestyle, Bill came up with Vegan1. Vegan1 is a plant-based protein derived from peas, potatoes, and chlorella. Vegan1 isn't just for vegans, anyone looking for a near perfect protein shake, this is it. Naturally sweetened with organic stevia, Vegan1 contains no artificial flavors, colors, or sweeteners and is all-natural, and free of dairy, gluten, soy, cholesterol, allergen, GMO, or trans-fat.
In addition to Lean1 and Vegan1, Bill still has the rest of his amazing line including: Neuro1, Sleep1 and Multi1. Neuro1 is simply food for your brain! No energy drinks or 5 hour something or another, Neuro1 is all you need to focus and be sharper throughout the day. Bill actually created Neuro1 to assist with problems from concussions and what he came up with was an anti-aging product for your brain. Any issues with sleeping, well Sleep1 says it all in the name. Sleep1 is a natural way to help you get the perfect night of sleep. Finally, Multi1 gives you 24 vitamins and minerals.
For a chance to win the three pack of Lean1 or one container of Vegan1, follow @SplashMagWW and @Nutrition53 on twitter and retweet the following:
Retweet: For a chance to win Lean1 or Vegan1 follow @SplashMagWW & @Nutrition53 & visit: http://www.lasplash.com/publish/Sports/nutrition-53-giveaway.php
The winners will be chosen from all valid entries on August 16th, 2013. All decisions by Splash Magazines Worldwide are final.
For more information on all Nutrition53 products, visit: www.nutrition53.com
For more information on Lean1, visit: www.lean1.com


text: RIM's own smartphones have been the target of many a "Mr. Blurrycam" snap, but a new feature could put an end to "inconspicuous" shooting, according to a patent issued today. The tool would be in line with the company's mission to protect corporations from security vulnerabilities, which include not only unauthorized access to data, but also leaks from employees. According to the patent, "the camera restriction prevents a user from taking a picture of a subject if the device has not been steadily focused on the subject in question for a predetermined period of time." Just how long you need to keep your BlackBerry still could be dictated by individual IT departments, which would also have the power to flip the switch and push restrictions to an employee's device. While such a delay would certainly be an inconvenience for frequent shooters, it is a step forward from RIM's traditional strategy of shipping models without cameras altogether. We haven't seen any indication that such a technology will be implemented with future models, but thanks to the minds at RIM, patent junkies can get their fix now at the source link below.


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"We embarked upon a process of technological innovation, the final stage of which is the adoption of virtual servers and thin clients. These technologies, used by students and lecturers, have provided major advantages in terms of efficiency, maintenance, security, ease of use, and energy conservation."
Vincenzo Lezzi, Chief Information Officer Libera Università Maria Santissima Assunta
Faced with declining advertising revenue, broadcasters must tighten their belts. MTV wanted to reduce costs by automating certain common processes, such as randomly selecting customer feedback for review, data entry, and invoicing.
CS_2018Apr_MTV (954 KB)
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text:
Story highlights
- Deborah Nucatola: Judge lifts age and sale restrictions on emergency contraception
- It's boon for young women, she says; time a crucial factor in preventing unwanted pregnancy
- She says "Plan B" postpones ovulation to prevent pregnancy; studies show it's safe for teens
- Nucatola: It will provide a safe, effective way to prevent pregnancy, reduce need for abortion
Last week, a federal judge issued a decision lifting the age and point-of-sale restrictions on emergency contraception, citing solid scientific and medical research showing that it is safe and effective in preventing unintended pregnancy.
This is great news for all women because these restrictions created confusion and barriers, and when unprotected sex has occurred, time is a crucial factor. Emergency contraception can prevent pregnancy for up to five days after intercourse, but the sooner it's used the more effective it is.
That's why women's health providers and activists lobbied to make emergency contraception available without a prescription — to reduce delays. And because emergency contraception is safe, making it over-the-counter was a big step in creating better access to birth control.
Clearing up confusion about what emergency contraception is and how it works has been more challenging.
It's a fact that emergency contraception is birth control. The reality is, pregnancy doesn't happen right after sex. It can take up to six days for the sperm and egg to meet after intercourse. That's why it's possible to prevent pregnancy even after the fact. Emergency contraception postpones ovulation, which prevents sperm from coming in contact with and fertilizing an egg. Pregnancy can't happen if there is no egg to join with sperm.
In contrast, the so-called "abortion pill," mifepristone, works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is needed for a pregnancy to continue. So there's a big difference between emergency contraception and nonsurgical abortion.
There was much talk last week about the implications of lifting the age restrictions. Some of it was motivated by safety concerns, which is a good and natural question to ask about any medication.
It's a fact that doctors have been prescribing emergency birth control since the 1960s, and there have been no reports of serious complications. More to the point, studies have repeatedly shown that emergency contraception is safe for use by women of all ages, including teens.
Another concern among some is that access to emergency contraception will increase the rates of unprotected sex, especially among teens. There is no evidence to support this.
It's a fact that rates of unprotected sex do not increase when there is more access to emergency contraception. Research also indicates that teens understand how to use emergency contraception and that it is not intended for ongoing, regular use.
The bottom line is that the use of reliable birth control is the best way to prevent an unintended pregnancy, but the fact is that unprotected sex does occur and sometimes birth control methods do fail. A condom could break, a woman could forget to take a pill, or nonconsensual sex could occur.
That's why when a woman fears she might become pregnant after her contraceptive has failed or she has had unprotected sex, she needs fast access to emergency contraception, not delays at the pharmacy counter. Lifting these restrictions will allow emergency contraception to be stocked on store shelves, making it more accessible to everyone. It will provide a safe, effective way to prevent pregnancy and reduce the need for abortion
That's why last week's ruling is so important — it's based on good science and good sense. And that's a fact.
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Join us on Facebook/CNNOpinion


text:
Eyeglasses for Dogs (Apr, 1939)
There is actually a company called Doggles that sells prescription eyewear for your dog.
Eyeglasses for Dogs
BY MENTIONING that her dog seemed nearsighted, a girl customer started an optician of Geneva, Switzerland, on his way to becoming a specialist in fitting canines with glasses. Not only did he succeed in curing her pet, but now he has found a novel and profitable career in applying his newly discovered methods to other four-footed subjects.
Many dogs are known to suffer from defective vision, especially nearsightedness. Others need tinted eye shades after eye operations. For these reasons, a number of inventors have tried to produce glasses suitable for dogs, only to fail because the animals found the spectacles uncomfortable or could not keep them on. The design created by Robert Muller, the Swiss optician, is declared to be the first to overcome these objections. Attached to the dog's collar, a light metal frame resting on its head supports the glasses, which are secured firmly in place by an elastic band passing under its jaws.
Arriving at the eye clinic, a pet undergoes a thorough examination with the aid of up-to-date scientific instruments. One of them measures the distance between one eye and the other, so that the breadth of the spectacle
frame may be proportioned accordingly. Another instrument determines the curvature of the eyes, to aid in prescribing the proper corrective lenses.
When this has been done, the optician verifies his prescription, just as he would with a human patient, by inserting test lenses in an empty frame until he finds a pair that exactly suits the dog's eyesight. Since rows of letters and other standard test charts are useless for these trials, he has devised an ingenious expedient.
A dry bone is covered with fat and given to the dog, which is allowed to lick off the bone for several days in succession. Thus the dog becomes accustomed to the outline of the bone. Later, the same bone, with all trace of odor removed, is suspended fifteen feet away from the animal. The lenses are then tried out. When the dog notices the bone, the optician knows that he has the proper fitting.


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Seasoned performers, and faithful followers of Beatles music, The Apple Core took a break from life in the nation's capital over the holiday weekend. Since the summer of 2009, The Apple Core takes the music very seriously, using period correct instruments to precisely recreate the sounds of The Beatles, as John, Paul, George, and Ringo would, beyond 1966, the year the tour stopped.
Andrew Ratliff (vocals, percussion), Mark Lindamood (drums, vocals), Eric Schlam (guitars/keys/vocals), Mike Dutton (bass/vocals), and Mark Owens (guitar/vocals) arrived in Louisville and went out into the crowds after a near 10 hour drive from D.C. Three sets in two days began with a 3 pm showing at the Fountain Saturday and ended with a late afternoon set on the Lawn Stage, Sunday. The two outdoor shows took place in hot, sun-filled arenas, with concert goers looking to stake claim to the best shaded viewing areas. The one indoor performance took place on the New Stage, inside the Galt House Hotel; providing much deserved air-conditioning for both the band mates and fans.
The first show at the Fountain provided the straight sounds of The Beatles, with not a note out of place. Drummer, Mark Lindamood commented following the set, "We play it straight; that's what we do", in conversation. Near 100 degree heat proved tiring for most of the bands at the annual festival, yet The Apple Core did not allow the heat to interfere with their playing, both on stage and off. The attention to the music is always at the forefront of the band's performances, routinely inviting the audience to sing, dance, and enjoy the sounds of the music that influences generations, still today.
Now, safely back in the District of Columbia, The Apple Core is set to play the DC version of Abbey Road on the River, taking place over the Labor Day weekend. With the first visit to the 'Ville in the books, The Apple Core is planning a return trip next Memorial Day weekend to Abbey Road on the River.


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Press release says Gibbs firing gun at another person when shot
Two Lenoir County Sheriff�s Office deputies are on administrative leave following the shooting death of William C. �Billy� Gibbs Sunday morning.
According to an LCSO news release, deputies Joseph Heck and William Shambeau were working security at the Waffle House on East New Bern Road during those early morning hours, and left the inside of the restaurant to do a security check of the parking lot. That�s where the release says they saw Gibbs discharging a firearm at another person.
The release stated the deputies told Gibbs to drop his gun, and when he did not, Heck drew his gun and shot him. Gibbs later died at Lenoir Memorial Hospital. Funeral arrangements for Gibbs are being handled by Mills Funeral Home.
LCSO Chief Deputy Chris Hill said Monday when a deputy is on administrative leave, he or she is off work but still being paid. In general, Hill said there are select circumstances when deadly force is authorized.
�The best way I can say this is an officer can use deadly force to defend themselves or another person if they feel like there is an imminent threat of serious bodily injury or death, to themselves or a third party,� Hill said.
Gibbs had three relatively minor brushes with the law earlier. He received probation for misdemeanor possession of a Schedule VI narcotic in 2006 and 2010, and was due in court Dec. 3 for a pending driving while impaired charge.
The State Bureau of Investigation, which is heading up the shooting case, won�t say much about it while it�s an open matter.
�We generally don�t comment on the details of on-going investigations, but I can confirm SBI agents are investigating the officer-involved shooting, and when they are finished with their investigation, they will deliver all their findings to the district attorney for review,� N.C. Department of Justice spokeswoman Noelle Talley said. �So, the D.A. will make a review of that and then determine if any charges are necessary.�
Deputy Shambeau was involved in a kidnapping case in October, locating two missing children off Herritage Street.
Wes Wolfe can be reached at 252-559-1075 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter at WolfeReports.


text:
Don't Settle for Eventual: Scalable Causal Consistency for Wide-Area Storage with COPS
Wyatt Lloyd, Michael J. Freedman, Michael Kaminsky, David G. Andersen
Proc. 23rd ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
(SOSP '11) Cascais, Portugal, October 2011.
Geo-replicated, distributed data stores are all the rage now. These stores provide wide area network (WAN) replication of all data across geographic regions in all the datacenters. Geo-replication is very useful for global-scale web-applications, especially social networking applications. In social networking, your updates to your account (tweets, posts, etc) are replicated across several regions because you may have followers there, and they should get low-latency access to your updates. The paper refers to properties desired of such a geo-replication service with the acronym ALPS (Availability, low Latency, Partition-tolerance, and high Scalability).
Of course, in addition to ALPS, we need to add some consistency requirement to the geo-replication service, because otherwise the updates to a record can arrive at replicas in different/arbitrary orders and expose inconsistent views of the updates to the record. The eventual consistency property that Dynamo advocates is too weak for the programmer to build on to provide other services. The inconsistent views of the updates can escape and poison those other services. On the other hand, strong-consistency (linearizability) is impossible due to CAP. So, causal consistency is what the COPS paper shoots for. Actually, a later paper shows that this is the best you can get under these constraints.
Yahoo!'s PNUTS provides per-record timeline consistency (or per-key sequential consistency), which is a pretty good consistency guarantee. All the writes to a record are serialized by the per-record-primary server responsible for that record and these updates are replicated in the same order (the order the per-record primary determines) to the other replicas. PNUTS, however, does not provide any consistency across records/keys. Achieving such a consistency (more specifically, causal consistency) across records/keys introduces scalability challenges and is the aim of this paper, as we explain in the rest of this summary. (Spoiler: To achieve scalability, instead of using vector clocks, COPS explicitly encodes dependencies in metadata associated with each key's version. When keys are replicated remotely, the receiving datacenter performs dependency checks before committing the incoming version.)
Causal consistency modelDave Anderson explains the causal-consistency model nicely in his blog post.
Consider three updates by a single thread: write A=1, write B=dog, write B=cow, write A=2.
In Dynamo, the order at which these updates are applied is unconstrained. In a
remote datacenter, read(A), read(A) might return A=2, A=1
In PNUTS, the value of "A" could never go backwards: A=1, A=1, … A=2, A=2, …
But in both Dynamo and PNUTS, the relative values of A and B are unconstrained, and each of these systems could read(A), read(B): {2, dog}. Even though the originating thread set B=cow before it set A=2.
In COPS, this latter read sequence could not happen. The allowable reads are: {1, }, {1,dog}, {1,cow}, {2, cow}
In all three systems (in PNUTS, using Read-any), concurrent updates at different datacenters could cause conflicts that invoke conflict handlers, and in this way the three systems are not different.And this brings us to the issue of conflict handling in COPS.
Convergent conflict handlingIn causal consistency you can still have conflicts for concurrent events. (Inherent in a distributed system, two nodes may start updates concurrently, and this leads to a "logical" conflict as both updates are uninformed of each other.) For resolving these and to achieve converge at all datacenters, COPS employs convergent conflict handling, which refers to using an associative and commutative handler. Thomas's last-write-wins rule satisfies this constraint and is used by default, or developer can write application-specific conflict-resolution rules provided that they are convergent.
More concretely, convergent conflict handling requires that all conflicting puts be handled in the same manner at all replicas, using a handler function h. This handler function h must be associative and commutative, so that replicas can handle conflicting writes in the order they receive them and that the results of these handlings will converge (e.g., one replica's h(a, h(b, c)) and another's h(c, h(b, a)) agree).
The paper coins the term "causal+" to refer to causal-consistency plus convergence conflict handling together.
Scalability problems in causal+ modelPrevious causal+ work (Bayou, Practi) was not scalable, because they achieved causal+ via log-based replay. Log-exchange-based serialization inhibits replica scalability, as it relies on a single serialization point in each replica to establish ordering. Thus, causal dependencies between keys are limited to the set of keys that can be stored on one node, or alternatively, a single node must provide a commit ordering and log for all operations across a cluster.
Inner-workings of COPSA get operation for a record is local at the closest datacenter and is non-blocking. Since all data is replicated at each datacenter, we can have local get.
A put operation for a record is
1) translated to put-after-dependencies based on the dependencies seen in this site
2) queued for asynchronous replication to other sites/replicas
3) returns done to the client at this point (early reply)
4) asynchronous replication to other sites/datacenters occur.
Each operation maintains dependencies for operations. Replication dependencies are checked at each datacenter, and when they are satisfied the value is updated there.
Nodes in each datacenter are responsible for different partitions of the keyspace, but the system can track and enforce dependencies between keys stored on different nodes. COPS explicitly encodes dependencies in metadata associated with each key's version. When keys are replicated remotely, the receiving datacenter performs dependency checks before committing the incoming version. The paper shows that by only checking the nearest dependencies you can reduce the number of dependency checks during replication and have a faster solution.
Subleties in definition of availability for put operationThe availability of get and put operations are defined at the datacenter scope and not at the whole system scope. The paper defines availability as: "All operations issued to the data store complete successfully. No operation can block indefinitely or return an error signifying that data is unavailable."
What this means is that the availability of put is satisfied at step 3 when early reply is returned to the client of the datacenter. However, the replication of this put operation to other datacenters in fact can be blocked until put-after-dependencies for the operation is satisfied at other datacenters. Consider a put operation originated at site C, which introduced put-after-dependencies to updates originated at site B. When this put operation (now a put-after operation) is asynchronously replicated to site A at step 4, this put-after will block at site A until site A receives the dependent-upon updates originated at site B. And if site B is partitioned away from site A, the put-after operation originated at C will block at A. Although site C and A are connected the put operation will not be able to complete step 4 as long as B is disconnected from A. I think this is a subtle point, which many readers may not notice even after reading the paper a couple of times.
COPS-GT (Get Transactions) operationReading a set of dependent keys using a single-key get interface cannot ensure causal+ consistency, even though the data store itself is causal+ consistent. To illustrate the problem the paper gives a photo album example, where Alice first changes her album access control list (ACL) to "friends only", and then writes a new description of her travels and adds more photos to the album. A natural (but incorrect!) implementation of code to read Alice's album might (1) fetch the ACL, (2) check permissions, and (3) fetch the album description and photos. This approach contains a straightforward "time-to check-to-time-to-use" race condition: when Eve accesses the album, her get(ACL) might return the old ACL, which permitted anyone (including Eve) to read it, but her get(album contents) might return the "friends only" version.
To address this issue, a two-round COPS-GT (Get Transactions) algorithm is introduced in the paper. "In the first round, the library issues concurrent get by version operations to the local cluster for each key the client listed in get transaction. These values, however, may not be consistent with one another, as in the example above. Each get by version operation returns a <value, version, deps> tuple, where deps is a list of keys and versions. The client library then examines every dependency entry <key, version>. The causal dependencies for that result are satisfied if either the client did not request the dependent key, or if it did, the version it retrieved was greater than or equal to the version in the dependency list. For all keys that are not satisfied, the library issues a second round of concurrent get by version operations. The version requested will be the newest version seen in any dependency list from the first round. These versions satisfy all causal dependencies from the first round."
The paper notes that COPS-GT comes with additional cost: compared to the regular version of COPS, COPS-GT is less efficient for certain workloads (e.g., write-heavy) and is less robust to network partitions and datacenter failures.
Concluding remarksThe paper is a long and dense read. While the model is formalized well, I wish some issues got better coverage in the paper. One problem I had with the paper is that just when I think the paper is going to deal with a hard problem, it backs out and starts talking about other peripheral issues. For example, in Section 3.4, the problems with log exchange-based serialization is not elaborated sufficiently for me; the paper skipped to discussing system design too quickly. In Section 4.1, when I thought the paper will be explaining composability of linearizability, the paper skipped to presenting the system components. (Here some papers by Herlihy are referenced saying that "linearizable systems can be implemented scalably by partitioning the keyspace into N linearizable partitions and having clients access each partition independently". But details are missing.)
So how big can these dependencies get? It turns out, the dependencies are tracked by the client library based on the client's history. It seems like the dependency list can grow very long as the client reads many different keys. As a result, one can end up with a pretty long list of dependencies: to every other key read by the client.
Instead, to keep dependencies sweet and short, we can use the Hybrid Logical Clocks (HLC). The loosely synchronized real-time component of HLC would help in truncating the dependency list. The logical clock component of HLC would help in maintaining this dependency list precisely even in the uncertainty region of loosely synchronized clocks.
Finally, the COPS client library solution also did not account for whether the client has backchannels. Using real-time windows can help account for the backchannels as well.
Related linksHigh Scalability post on COPS and followup
COPS project page
Q&A for COPS
Dave's post clarifying some issues


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WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Investigators are trying to determine whether former CIA Director David Petraeus used any of the resources of the agency he once led to carry out an extramarital affair with his biographer, a U.S. official told CNN.
The news of the internal investigation came on the eve of Petraeus' scheduled closed-door testimony Friday before the U.S. House and Senate intelligence committees over the September attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya, that left four Americans dead.
Petraeus will probably face questions about the timing of his resignation. It occurred just as congressional committees convened hearings on the attack, which has been the focus of Republican claims that President Barack Obama's administration either misled or lied about the events surrounding it.
Among other things, the CIA is investigating Petraeus' "general conduct," according to an official with knowledge of the investigation who spoke on condition of anonymity.
The CIA confirmed it was reviewing Petraeus' performance but did not characterize the nature of its investigation.
"At the CIA, we are constantly reviewing our performance. If there are lessons to be learned from this case, we'll use them to improve," CIA spokesman Preston Golson said.
"But we're not getting ahead of ourselves; an investigation is exploratory and doesn't presuppose any particular outcome."
Petraeus told Kyra Phillips, from CNN's sister network HLN, that his resignation was not linked to the Benghazi attack and that he never passed classified information to the woman at the center of the scandal over his affair.
"In our first conversation," Phillips said Thursday, Petraeus "told me he had engaged in something dishonorable. He sought to do the honorable thing in response -- and that was to come forward. He was very clear that he screwed up terribly ... even felt fortunate to have a wife who is far better than he deserves."
Phillips, who has interviewed Petraeus in war zones, initially reached out to the retired Army general to express shock about the news of the affair, which derailed a highly decorated career in the military and CIA.
Among other things, Petraeus said he had not talked with Paula Broadwell, his biographer and the woman with whom he had an affair, since word of the affair broke.
"He insisted to me that he has never passed classified information to Paula Broadwell," Phillips said. "He said this has nothing to do with Benghazi, and he wants to testify. He will testify."
Broadwell spent a year with Petraeus in Afghanistan as research for her book, "All In: The Education of David Petraeus."
The FBI uncovered the affair while investigating e-mails that Broadwell allegedly sent to a Petraeus family friend, Jill Kelley, according to administration officials and friends of Petraeus.
The e-mails, according to those familiar with the investigation, questioned Kelley's friendship with U.S. Marine Gen. John Allen.
The investigation into the e-mails connected to Allen and Kelley led to the discovery of the affair between Petraeus, 60, and Broadwell, 40.
Petraeus said the extramarital relationship ended months ago. But it continues to make waves in Washington, sparking collateral investigations.
The pending nomination of Allen as NATO's supreme allied commander has been put on hold, until the nature of his e-mail exchange and relationship with Kelley has been clarified.
Reports by officials familiar with the e-mail messages between Kelley and Allen give conflicting impressions about their potentially inappropriate nature -- with one U.S. official saying "John Allen would be very embarrassed by them" and a senior official close to the general saying they don't point to a sexual or romantic relationship.
That Allen remains in command in Afghanistan suggests that there is no criminal issue, a U.S. official told CNN. But the official said the Defense Department's inspector general could still find evidence of criminal conduct.
"I am not aware of any others that could be involved in this issue at the present time," Defense Secretary Leon Panetta told reporters.
"Obviously, as this matter continues to be investigated both on Capital Hill and by the inspector general, I'm sure that we'll have to wait and see what additional factors are brought to our attention."
The FBI investigation was triggered by Frederick Humphries, a veteran agent for the Tampa FBI field office, who is a friend of Kelley, said Lawrence Berger, general counsel for the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association.
Kelley, who was a volunteer at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida, contacted Humphries about anonymous e-mails that questioned her character, a U.S. official and a source close to Kelley said.
Humphries took the information in the e-mails to the "appropriate components," Berger said. "He reported it to the proper channels and had no further part in the case."
Humphries is now the subject of an FBI investigation into whether he followed proper procedures in speaking to members of Congress about his concerns about how the FBI was handling Kelley's case.
™ & © 2012 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


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Official League Website
Strength: ****
Northwoods League top 75 prospects (list)
Battle Creek Bombers got hot at the right time and claimed the
Northwoods League championship in
their fifth year of existence. They swept both the Green Bay
Bullfrogs and Mankato MoonDogs to go 4-0 in the post-season after
winning their final seven games of the regular season.
was a significant reversal of fortune for the Bombers, who brought up
the rear in the 16-team league in 2010 with a combined 20-50 record.
But the Bombers made a calculated move to change the team's
direction when it hired veteran minor-league manager and former
big-league catcher Donnie Scott to manage the club in 2011, and his
wealth of experience was critical in the team's worst-to-first run.
notice that they were a different, more-competitive club by winning
the first-half of the South Division, the Bombers also claimed the
second-half title with their late-season surge, which enabled them to
secure home-field advantage in the playoffs.
closed out their successful 2011 season in convincing style by
beating Mankato 13-0 in the deciding game of the finals, scoring six
runs in the bottom of the first inning. Outfielder Daniel Rockett
(Texas-San Antonio) led the onslaught by hitting his fourth home run
of the playoffs.
he left early and was not part of the Battle Creek team that claimed
the championship, Arkansas' rising sophomore righthander Nolan
Sanburn received the most support from scouts and managers as the
league's top prospect. He made just six appearances (two starts) for
the Bombers after serving primarily as the Razorbacks closer during
the spring, but was dominant with a fastball that peaked at 98 mph
and a nasty 82-85 slider. He'll be eligible for the 2012 draft as a
most agreed that the quality of pitching was up across the league
this summer, with several hurlers routinely dialing their
fastballs into the mid-90s.
addition to Sanburn, Alexandria's Anthony Bazzani
(Eastern Kentucky), Brainerd's Ray Black (Pittsburgh) and Mankato's
Sam Selman (Vanderbilt) all peaked at 97-98 mph. Others who routinely
flirted with the mid-90s were Jonathan Crawford (Florida), Matt
Milroy (Illinois) and Tom Windle (Minnesota), all of Madison; Dan
Child (Oregon State) and Jordan Haseltine (San Francisco) of La
Crosse; and Nick Dolsky (Des Moines Area, Iowa, CC) of Rochester. All
rank among the top 17 on the accompanying list of the league's top
75 prospects.
by its hard-throwing trio, Madison's
staff in particular was impressive, establishing a new league record
by collectively striking out 595 batters.
pitchers dominate
the list of the league's top prospects, occupying eight of the top
11 spots, several hitters also made their mark in the league.
outfielder Shaun Cooper, who went undrafted in June despite hitting
.332-8-43 as protection in the Utah batting order for first-round
pick C.J. Cron, was named the league's player of the year. He was
also saluted by PG CrossChecker as its summer league player of the year.
established single-season league records for home runs (20),
extra-base hits (38), total bases (163) and slugging percentage
(.674), and put on an impressive power display to win the league's
Home Run Derby as part of All-Star Game festivities held at Wisconsin
Rapids' Witter Field.
Crosse catcher Andrew Knapp (California) won the batting title with a
.400 average, becoming only the second player in league history to
reach that pedestal (Luis Rivera, .437, 1995). Knapp, a
switch-hitter, received limited playing time last spring at Cal
working as an understudy to veteran Chadd Krist, but made the most of
his opportunity to play every day at La Crosse. In the process, he
put his name prominently on the follow list of players eligible for
the 2013 draft.
Northwoods League
had a solid 2011 season overall, fielding the same 16 teams it did in
2010. It also broke its own attendance record with 901,652 fans going
through the turnstiles, an average of 1,692 per game. Madison once
again led the way, and also broke its own summer college records of
213,467 total fans, and 6,278 per game.
the largest number of clubs of any summer league, along with its
70-game regular-season schedule, the Northwoods League obviously
plays significantly more games overall than any other summer league,
accounting for easily the best attendance nationally.
the league doesn't measure its success strictly on the basis of its
turnstile count. It prides
itself by most closely emulating the atmosphere a player will
experience playing in the minor leagues, with its extended schedule
and demanding travel, and the use of both wood bats and the same
baseballs used in the professional game.
league also institutes strict pitch counts, which prevented Eau
Claire righthander Tony Vocca, in particular, from a chance to
complete a no-hitter against Wisconsin Rapids on Aug. 11. Vocca was
lifted after eight no-hit innings with 14 strikeouts also to his
credit. Reliever Mike Couch was brought on in the ninth to secure the
combined no-hitter, and picked up where Vocca left off by striking
out the side.
League Established: 1994.
Represented in League: Iowa,
Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario (Canada).
of Teams in League:
16 (16 in 2010).
Champion (best overall record):
Alexandria Beetles (44-25).
Champion: Battle
Creek Bombers.
PG CrossChecker Summer 50/Final Ranking:
No. 9 Battle Creek Bombers, No. 12 Alexandria Beetles, No. 23 Mankato
MoonDogs, No. 38 Green Bay Bullfrogs, No. 44 La Crosse Loggers.
1 Prospect, 2010 (per PG CrossChecker):
Kyle Gaedele, of, Madison Mallards (Valparaiso; Padres/6th round).
2010 Player Selected, 2011 Draft:
Madison Boer, rhp, La Crosse Loggers (Oregon; Twins/2nd round).
of the Year:
Shaun Cooper, of, Mankato MoonDogs.
of the Year:
Blake Schwartz, rhp, Mankato MoonDogs.
LEADERS (League games only)
Andrew Knapp, c, La Crosse Loggers (.400).
Shaun Cooper, of, Mankato MoonDogs (.674).
Ben Magsig, 3b, Alexandria Beetles (.510).
Shaun Cooper, of, Mankato MoonDogs (20).
Shaun Cooper, of, Mankato MoonDogs (61).
Carlos Lopez, of, St. Cloud River Bats (26).
LEADERS (League games only)
Kevin Vangheluwe, rhp, Alexandria Beetles (8).
Blake Schwartz, rhp, Mankato MoonDogs (1.71).
Anthony Bazzani, rhp, Alexandria Beetles (16).
Michael Fagan, lhp, St. Cloud River Bats (81).
Athlete: Phillip
Ervin, of, Green Bay Bullfrogs.
Andrew Knapp, c, La Crosse Loggers.
Shaun Cooper, of, Mankato MoonDogs.
Base Runner:
Garrett Nash, of, Wisconsin Rapids Rafters.
Defensive Player:
Ty Forney, ss, Eau Claire Express.
Anthony Bazzani, rhp, Alexandria Beetles.
Breaking Ball: Jonathan
Crawford, rhp, Madison Mallards.
Command: Blake
Schwartz, rhp, Mankato MoonDogs.
NOLAN SANBURN, rhp, Battle Creek Bombers (Arkansas/SO in 2012)
PROFILE: Sanburn
was a significant part of a promising freshman class at Arkansas last
season, although he wasn't quite as heralded as teammates Ryne Stanek
and Dominic Ficociello to begin his college career. Stanek came in as
an unsigned third-rounder from the 2010 draft, while Ficociello would
have been taken about the same spot had he been considered more
signable. Ficociello slipped to the Detroit Tigers in the 23rd round—11 rounds before the same team drafted Sanburn, as an
outfielder. Though Sanburn pitched and played the outfield, and also
caught at an Indiana high school, the Razorbacks targeted him as a
pitcher from the start. He had just as strong an impact as a freshman
as Ficiociello and Stanek did, serving as the team's primary
closer, and posting eight saves and a 3.62 ERA in 24 relief
appearances. He carried that success into the summer, although
appeared in only six games for Battle Creek, two of which were
starts. He posted a 2.33 ERA over 19 innings for the eventual NWL
champions, while allowing only nine hits and striking out 24 during
his abbreviated summer stay. Most impressive, he showed impressive
command of his 90-94 mph fastball, which topped out at 98. His slider
also projected as a plus pitch. By working as a starter, it gave
Sanburn an opportunity to work on developing a promising changeup.
His fastball is his best pitch, not only for its velocity but for the
angles he throws it. His aggressive, bulldog-like approach on the
mound makes it a true swing-and-miss pitch. With an athletic 6-foot,
190-pound frame, he employs a compact, repeatable delivery, and while
he is expected to again assume the closer role for the Razorbacks as
a sophomore, his repertoire should allow him to be used as a starter
at some point in his career. That may be at the professional level,
and sooner than later as Sanburn is draft-eligible as a sophomore and
has the potential of being selected in the first-round in 2012. With
a July 21, 1991 birthdate, he is eligible for next year's draft by
one day. His teammate, Stanek, on the other hand, is not eligible,
even though he is just five days younger than Sanburn.
This is PG 'College Baseball Ticket/Insider' Level content.You must be either an Insider, Premium, Scout, or College Baseball Ticket subscriber to read the rest.


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As an online seller, you have expenses throughout the year for new inventory, packing supplies, postage and more. When these expenses pop up, you make note of them—and tuck away the receipts in a safe place—so that when April rolls around, you have a few deductions you can enter to reduce your tax bill. You do this, right?
We know taxes can be, well, taxing, so we came up with a few deductions you can use, should you be unsure of what qualifies as a deduction. We talked to business attorney Cliff Ennico, the author of "The eBay Seller's Tax and Legal Answer Book," to get his insights, and we did a little research of our own to see what you can claim to help keep both you and Uncle Sam happy.
First, the basics
Ennico tells us that sellers first need to figure out if their online sales are a business or a hobby.
"If you treat your selling as a 'business,' i.e. you file Schedule C on your federal income tax return, or form a corporation or LLC for your business, you may deduct all 'ordinary and necessary' expenses of that business," he explains. "If you treat your selling as only a 'hobby,' you can deduct hobby-related expenses, but they will offset only any income you derive from that hobby."
This means you can't claim hobby-related deductions against your nonhobby-related income (for example, your salary from your day job) if you had a net loss. For instance, if you sell an item for $50 that cost you $100, and that was your only income from your hobby during the calendar year, you can't claim a $50 loss as a deduction. However, if you do make a profit, you may deduct expenses related to that sale, for instance, shipping costs or selling fees.
As for businesses, what does "ordinary and necessary expenses" mean? According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, "an 'ordinary' expense is one that is common and accepted in your field of business. A necessary expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your business." Basically, these are expenses you have to make in order to operate your business.
Now, let's now look at some specific expenses you can claim as deductions, whether your sales are a business or hobby. You'll notice that all the expenses we discuss below have to do with online selling, as they should. You can't just write off anything. It must be related to your sales.
"If you are selling on eBay out of a home office, you are absolutely entitled to take the home office deduction"
Zeroing in on write-offs
The list of items that qualify as tax deductions is quite long, and can include a variety of expenses, so don't let our examples limit you. Look around for other possible deductions, and always be sure to consult with a tax professional. Remember, we do our research, but we're not lawyers. Let's get to it.
Your workspace: Many online sellers use a room in their homes to photograph items, pack orders, store inventory, etc. And believe it or not, you can claim this space as a tax deduction. In fact, this type of deduction even has a name: the "home office deduction."
To qualify for this write-off, you must regularly use part of your home "exclusively" for your online sales, and you must conduct most of your sales out of your home, according to the IRS.
"If you are selling on eBay out of a home office, and you have no other place of business, you are absolutely entitled to take the home office deduction!" says Ennico.
You can write off a percentage of your mortgage or rent, Ennico continues. This percentage is "basically the square footage of your home office, including inventory storage space, divided by the square footage of your home."
Just don't go overboard and try to write off everything that's in the space.
"By far the biggest mistake is to include furnishings, artwork and other decorative items in your home office that are not related to your eBay selling business," he adds.
To claim the home office deduction, you will need to file an IRS Form 8829, along with your 1040 form. But we think it's worth the added work.
Utilities, repairs, office expenses: You can also write off a portion of what you spend on your utility bills throughout the year. After all, you can't sell online without plugging in your computer, printer, camera and so on. These are necessary expenses. How much you deduct should be proportional to your home office deduction. For example, if you deduct 1/10 of your mortgage for your home office deduction, you should deduct the same percentage of your utility bill.
And if your computer or printer goes on the fritz and you have to repair or replace one of these, or another device you use for your sales, make note of these costs, too. They're necessary expenses and deductions, as well. So are any office supplies you buy for your business like tape, business cards and ink cartridges, for example.
Operations fees: Don't forget about listing and payment-processing fees that you pay. These are often a must to sell online, and they're also deductions. Also note any subscription fees you pay to third-party services to launch listings or host images, or any store or Web hosting fees you pay for your online shop. You can deduct these, too. You can even write off what you spend for shipping insurance for the items that sell.
"You can write off what you pay to get your taxes done—whether you hire a professional or buy a tax preparation software package"
Postage and packing: You have to pay postage every time you ship, and you have to ensure you have the right packing materials to get your items to their destinations safely, so it shouldn't come as a surprise that this expense can really add up at the end of 12 months. Even if you use mostly recycled materials, odds are you still buy tape, shipping labels, tissue paper, even a few freebies to include in your packages, so write down how much you're spending on these and keep the receipts! This could be a substantial deduction.
Sold items: You can also claim the cost of the products you sell as a deduction—as long as the items have sold, Ennico says. You can't write off what you've spent on inventory that hasn't sold.
"Any inventory that remains unsold at the end of the calendar year is an asset of your business, the cost of which cannot be deducted until it actually sells (or is given away and written off as worthless)," he explains.
Tax preparation: Finally, you can write off what you pay to get your taxes done—whether you hire a professional or buy a tax preparation software package. As we did our research, we saw this deduction listed among the "most easily forgotten tax deductions." But don't you forget it. It's definitely a good one, because it can give you peace of mind that you've prepared your taxes correctly—and it can prevent a lot of problems with Uncle Sam. Plus, this expense means you can let someone else crunch the numbers while you focus on selling.
We'll leave you with one final piece of advice as you're going through the rest of the tax year: Whatever deductions you decide to claim, make sure to keep good records—and keep them organized. This will make tax preparation a lot easier, notes Bruce Langston, Auctiva's controller. He suggests using a filing cabinet to keep all your business records, and using that cabinet only for your business. Don't put anything else in there.
Aim to keep recordkeeping "simple, accurate and up to date," to make bookkeeping as easy as possible, he adds. So start going through those receipts you've accumulated, and start filing.
For more information on taxes and streamlining your online business, take a look at my eBay Business All-in-One For Dummies 2E. Covers taxes and so much more.


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