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Politics is the competition of interests and the competition of ideas. The advantage lies with interests that are organized and entrenched (teachers, farmers) and with ideas that mobilize effective interest groups (green energy, homeownership). Ideas that lack an organized constituency usually get lost in the shuffle, even when they are very good ideas.
But sometimes a simple idea prevails over politics as usual, with spectacular results. That was the lesson of two Washington events earlier this year — one concerning a historical success, the other an opportunity before us today.
In January, the Library of Congress hosted a celebration of the career of Clay T. (Thomas) Whitehead (1938–2008), a young White House staffer in the Nixon administration. The occasion was the Library's accession of Whitehead's papers. This event, involving a little-known government figure from 40 years ago, attracted an impressive array of public officials, journalists, business executives, and policy intellectuals. Many brought their families. A panel of colleagues and academic observers told the story of a man of personal modesty and brilliant insight whose simple idea baffled the Washington establishment and revolutionized the communications industry.
When Tom Whitehead arrived in Washington in 1969, long-distance communications were government-protected monopolies — the Bell System (AT&T) for telephones, the three broadcasting networks (ABC, CBS, and NBC) for television and radio. Telephone service, broadcast TV and radio, and the military all depended on Ma Bell's terrestrial transmission system, which was well engineered but also expensive and inflexible. Bell Labs had made important technical inventions, but the only new products anyone knew about were color television and color telephones. New technologies were cropping up — cable television, mobile cellular telephones, microwave transmission, satellites — but were being treated as appendages to the old systems. Cable television was long extension cords for delivering broadcast TV to rural communities with poor rooftop reception. Communications satellites were a government monopoly, COMSAT, operated in partnership with Ma Bell.
All of this was assumed to be the natural order of things, and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) protected that order zealously. It prohibited cable-television operators from offering programs of their own, lest they siphon viewers from the networks. For the newfangled cellular telephones, it reserved licenses for AT&T alone.
Whitehead saw things differently. He realized that the new technologies could supplant, rather than supplement, the status quo. He could not foresee exactly how this would happen, but he knew that the key was communications satellites. At the time, these were small, low-power devices, capable of only limited channels of communication with elaborate ground stations. But they were new and few and government-spec. With experience, costs would fall and quality would improve; with commerce and competition, new uses would be discovered. Constellations of "radio towers in the sky" might provide a profusion of independent channels of voice, video, and data communication at vastly lower cost and in vastly greater variety than through the existing nest of land wires. All that was needed was to free satellite technology from the command-and-control mindset that suffused the official task-force reports and regulatory blueprints then in circulation.
Whitehead's simple idea was "Open Skies": Any firm with the technical and financial wherewithal should be permitted to launch and operate its own communications satellite. The proposition was entirely permissive — it involved no central planning; no pilot projects; no restrictions, taxes, subsidies, or guarantees; no requirements that anyone do anything. Whitehead thought someone might give it a try. He figured there was room for 15 to 20 domestic satellites. That might lead, he said, to increased "flexibility" and "innovation," but he didn't promise any particular benefits and emphasized the difficulties and uncertainties.
Open Skies was a strange and astonishing concept when it was first proposed in 1970. Everyone of importance opposed it — AT&T, the broadcast networks, the FCC, the Pentagon, influential members of Congress, and some of Whitehead's senior White House colleagues. Some lobbied vociferously against it; others thought it (and its author) merely daft. But, precisely because the idea was permissive and hypothetical, opponents had a hard time writing up talking points against it. It wasn't illegal (international satellite communications were then a government monopoly, but the statute in question was silent on domestic satellites). The economies of scale (costs of service decline as a single network expands to serve additional customers) that justified the Bell System monopoly seemed not to apply to satellites, so entry and price controls would be unnecessary. If a firm mounted a satellite that failed technically or commercially, the financial losses would be all its own.
Whitehead was a laconic engineer and systems analyst with no experience in politics. But his mastery of the underlying technology meant that he could not be buffaloed by lobbyists, and his dry, just-the-merits advocacy began to win converts. He skillfully encouraged opponents to consider the upside risks, not just the downside ones. The Nixon White House, locked in daily combat with the network news shows, was excited at the prospect of diverse local TV stations independent of the evil empire of ABC, CBS, and NBC. For their part, the networks were excited at the prospect of distributing programs with their own satellites, freed of their costly dependence on Ma Bell. As others fell into line, AT&T decided to settle for a seat at the table. The FCC adopted Open Skies in all essentials in 1972; by then, the only strong opponent was its own regulatory staff.
Open Skies launched a commercial space race. By the early 1980s, several firms, such as RCA and Hughes (as well as Bell), were operating satellites — leasing transmission channels to the broadcast networks and also to cable upstarts such as HBO, Turner, and CNN. Cable TV had sealed its arrival as an independent force by establishing its own public-service station, C-SPAN. AT&T was losing its market power even before the 1984 antitrust break-up of its landline-telecommunications monopoly.
Today a canopy of several hundred satellites operated by dozens of firms beams hundreds of television and radio channels directly to millions of homes, offices, and automobiles. In tandem with fiber optics and cellular and other terrestrial networks, satellites relay telephone, video, and Internet communications around the globe. Commercial satellites supply those connections directly in remote locations, and government satellites are now the content providers for GPS navigation services and real-time weather surveillance. As much as I love my mailman, a USPS satellite service could not have done all this. Competition and innovation have produced low costs, high quality, endless variety, and a sheer ubiquity that would have been inconceivable in 1970 — and a degree of democratic interconnectedness that is surely the most important development of modern life.
Whitehead was responsible for several other policy innovations during his White House years, and for several engineering and commercial innovations in a subsequent business career. (Setting up shop in tiny Luxembourg and making use of its national allocation of orbital slots, he founded SES Astra, Europe's first private satellite operator, which unilaterally dismantled Europe's national media monopolies.) But, in retrospect, Open Skies was the grand policy stroke: It was certainly a necessary condition to the communications revolution, and was probably a sufficient condition as well. At the Library of Congress symposium, the eminent economist Thomas Hazlett, a man who chooses his words carefully, concluded that Whitehead had made "one of the most brilliant contributions to communications markets since Morse, Bell, or Marconi."
The second Washington event was a striking echo of the first. At a Hudson Institute workshop in February, former FCC commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth (now a Hudson Institute fellow) presented a paper on today's hot topic in communications — the shortage of radio spectrum available for smartphones, tablets, and other devices that rely on wireless broadband. The problem has generated task-force reports, agency blueprints, industry white papers, congressional hearings, and presidential proclamations. Everyone agrees that the shortage, routinely described as a crisis, is seriously retarding a critical sector of the economy. But all of the proposed solutions are highly complex — and highly partial, in both senses of the term: Each addresses only part of the problem, and does so in ways that serve the proponent's immediate political or economic interests.
Into this melee, Furchtgott-Roth tossed an idea as simple and astonishing as Open Skies had been in 1970. Understanding its power requires a bit of briefing — for although almost everyone now uses smartphones, laptops, tablets, and similar devices, few of us know much about the invisible infrastructure that supports them.
Radio waves are the medium for all wireless communication (on the electromagnetic-frequency spectrum, they occupy the portion with longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than those of visible-light waves). Radio transmission is regulated by the FCC through licenses that specify the permitted frequency, geographic area, time of day, and transmission power and equipment. And spectrum licenses may be used only for FCC-designated purposes — such as television and radio broadcasting, mobile-telephone and smartphone service, various satellite links (satellite to ground, ground to satellite, satellite to satellite), and a host of narrower purposes such as police radio, maritime navigation, and meteorological satellite communications. If you want to offer a communications service, but the FCC has already allocated all of the spectrum it has "zoned" for that service, you are probably out of luck. Spectrum licenses may be bought and sold, but only after case-by-case FCC review and approval — and the restrictions on a seller's spectrum continue to apply to the buyer, so that the license of an AM radio station is available, at any price, only for AM broadcasting by someone else.
Different radio frequencies are better suited to different applications, depending on such variables as distance, transmission capacity, and "propagation properties" (e.g., whether frequencies penetrate walls). The FCC's zoning scheme takes account of these technical considerations but is also based on estimates of market demand for various uses — and that is the source of the current problem. The fantastic growth of smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers — there were 326 million U.S. wireless subscriber connections at the end of 2012 — and the increasingly routine use of videostreaming, personal navigation, cloud storage, and other spectrum-intensive applications have far outstripped the FCC's spectrum allocation for wireless broadband. At the same time, the growth of cable and satellite television, which now reach the vast majority of households, has left a great deal of spectrum for broadcast television underused or dormant. (The TV-broadcast zone, first established in the early 1950s, still maintains generous allocations for local UHF, or ultra-high-frequency, television stations; UHF required special, funny-looking antennas — senior citizens may remember them.) The spectrum designated for broadcast TV is ideal for wireless broadband, yet much of it is lying fallow.
The shortage of wireless broadband spectrum is certainly a severe problem. It is needlessly raising the costs and retarding the speed and quality of personal communications (Onion headline: "Internet Collapses Under Sheer Weight of Baby Pictures"). Wireless providers such as Verizon and AT&T have been obliged to raise prices and reduce speeds selectively for heavy users of video and data applications, leading to charges of "discrimination" that the FCC has taken seriously. It is also fostering wasteful commercial strategies, such as AT&T's ill-fated attempt to acquire T-Mobile, which was really a desperate attempt to acquire spectrum. At the same time, the shortage is retarding long-distance learning and medicine, air- and highway-traffic control, and innumerable business applications, all with immense potential for social betterment. Many on-the-horizon applications, such as continuous remote monitoring of medical patients, self-driving cars, and greatly strengthened cybersecurity for personal and commercial information, simply will not get beyond the pilot stage without large additions of wireless broadband spectrum.
Serious though the shortage of wireless broadband spectrum is, it points to a problem that is larger still. A central administrative agency such as the FCC cannot possibly know the relative values, among multifarious and ever-changing uses, of a resource as versatile and pervasive as radio waves. The Commission has erred many times in the past. In the 1960s and 1970s, it delayed the introduction of mobile-cellular-telephone service by at least a decade. Even when its judgments are approximately correct for the time being, it lacks the flexibility to take account of varying local circumstances. (Spectrum zones are nationwide, so a given frequency generally cannot, for example, be used both for monitoring financial exchanges in Manhattan and for mountain-rescue radio in Durango.) And the FCC's errors are not random: It is naturally attentive to incumbent firms that know the agency ropes and support its budget, and less so to newbies with unfamiliar ideas that could disrupt the settled plans of its licensees and its staff.
The system was the brainchild of Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover in the 1920s, and it squelched the development, then under way, of property rights in radio spectrum, including legal rules to settle conflicts among different uses. It was a mistake, but an understandable mistake. Radio was then a strange new phenomenon, useful mainly for public purposes such as broadcasting, navigation, and military communications; it was an invisible frontier that, it seemed, the government should develop for the public good. At the time, moreover, the known uses for radio were few in number, so designating frequencies for particular uses was a simple matter. But radio has long since become well developed and familiar. Almost everyone uses it several times every day, mostly for purposes that are private and personal (searching, networking, scheduling, sharing stuff with family, friends, and colleagues). And 80 years of experience and discovery have generated innumerable new uses of more and more spectrum (at progressively higher frequencies), along with methods for sharing individual frequencies for multiple purposes and combining different frequencies for the same purposes. The effort to assign particular frequencies to particular uses has become antediluvian and increasingly retrograde.
Careful students of spectrum management, from all points on the political spectrum, long ago concluded that it could and should be a straightforward matter of private property, subject to the same laws — contract, nuisance, antitrust — that govern land, real estate, and other tangible assets. The military, the police, and other government agencies would own and employ radio spectrum for public purposes and buy and sell increments as necessary, just as they do other resources. The FCC would operate the national equivalent of a county land-title office, where buyers and sellers could assure themselves of good title and register rights and obligations affecting other owners. The entire process would be online and searchable — an excellent use of spectrum.
The question is how to get from here to there, or at least far enough along to resolve the current crisis. This is a matter not of partisan gridlock, but rather of insiders versus the rest of us. The current system has given rise to many political and economic interests that will oppose reforms that threaten them. An example is the perennial idea of charging license holders a substantial annual fee to discourage hoarding of unused or underused spectrum — an idea the license holders reliably quash whenever it is introduced. The FCC, to its credit, has begun in recent years to liberalize its zoning restrictions and procedures for reviewing spectrum transactions, and has taken steps to reallocate spectrum to wireless broadband from other uses. But the television broadcasters have obstructed many of these moves, fearing that they presage a concerted raid on their treasure trove of spectrum for reassignment to the new wireless applications.
The most important reform idea is the spectrum auction. The Commission has conducted scores of auctions since 1994, raising about $60 billion. While a big improvement over the FCC's traditional administrative hearings for dispensing available spectrum, the auctions operate within the established spectrum zones, which are the heart of the misallocation problem. And they are absurdly over-centralized, with the FCC acting as exclusive agent for both bidders and sellers and as zoning commissioner to boot. As a result, the auctions are extraordinarily desultory — involving hundreds of pages of rules, arcane restrictions on who may bid, and lengthy delays, and yet involving only limited spectrum bands. The Commission is now planning auctions to reallocate some (almost certainly not enough) additional spectrum to wireless broadband. It is operating under a statutory deadline of 2022 — and, with initial auctions still years away, will probably miss even that. Or, more likely, the auction process will simply collapse as it falls farther and farther behind the growing spectrum shortage. The FCC process has completely lost touch with the economic and technological dynamics of modern communications.
Which brings us to Harold Furchtgott-Roth's breathtakingly simple idea. He calls it "Open Spectrum": The FCC would allow license holders to use their spectrum for any valid purpose, and permit spectrum to be bought and sold with only minimal restrictions. The Commission could do this immediately. (While spectrum auctions require authorization from Congress, the spectrum zones are the Commission's own handiwork and can be liberalized as it sees fit, as it has done in limited cases in recent years.) It would issue a rule, requiring a few pages of text and a few months to adopt, that removed the use restrictions in practically all spectrum licenses. From that moment on — say, as of January 1, 2014 — there would be no spectrum shortages. Broadcast-television licensees could sell spectrum to cellular-service providers, or not, or some spectrum but not all, depending on which application appeared more valuable. So could licensees in many other areas of misallocated spectrum that are not in the headlines and that the FCC doesn't even know about. Frequencies could be used for different applications in different locales and at different times of day. Or they could be used for different applications in the same place from minute to minute, relying on technologies that deploy spectrum among different uses in real time according to usage patterns. Or different frequencies could be used in tandem for purposes now forbidden because some of the frequencies are in the wrong zone. The FCC would continue with its auctions of unallocated spectrum, but without restrictions on use.
Open Spectrum, like Open Skies, is entirely permissive. It doesn't require anyone to do anything; it leaves it to license holders to bear the expenses and take the consequences, profit or loss, of whatever they decide to do. It simply opens up new opportunities. But, unlike Open Skies, Open Spectrum is not entirely hypothetical in its prospective economic benefits. From the prices paid in recent FCC auctions and private spectrum transactions, from the returns on recent investments in wireless services, and from empirical data on currently unused and underused spectrum, we can get a glimpse of the benefits of relieving the wireless-broadband shortage. Academic and industry studies using these data find short-term economic benefits of many hundreds of billions of dollars. There are large ranges of uncertainty in these estimates, and probably some puffery in the industry estimates. But if one looks at expenditures and economic value (to both consumers and producers) in the initial stages of wireless growth, and at the many high-value, technically feasible applications now under development, the estimates are more than plausible. They certainly understate the benefits of Open Spectrum in important respects — they do not take account of the value of improved spectrum use outside wireless broadband, nor that of continuous improvements that the current system would insensibly obstruct.
Most of all, the economic gains of Open Spectrum would begin to be realized almost immediately, rather than years in the future as under every alternative proposal. They would be large enough to show up in aggregate measures of national economic performance. And, because they would arise from the uncorking of new opportunities, they would not be subject to the zero-sum political wrangling that dooms so many economic-policy reforms (more on this anon).
The idea of Open Spectrum is not entirely new with Furchtgott-Roth; he has drawn on earlier research, especially that of Thomas Hazlett and of the FCC's policy-planning staff. But it is the most accessible and far-reaching version to date, and sure to generate controversy. Three objections will be made, all of them flimsy. Flimsy arguments have been known to prevail in political debate, but perhaps they will not prevail here. The permissiveness of Open Spectrum at once exposes the weakness of the objections and provides the vigorish for turning reform opponents into reform advocates.
The first objection is that license holders, freed of the FCC's usage zones, will employ spectrum in ways that create radio interference with other licensees (those in adjacent spectrum bands or geographic areas). But interference is legally actionable and can be resolved by direct negotiation among users of adjacent spectrum: This happens routinely even with the current zoning scheme. The FCC's own approach to interference is horribly wasteful, involving the preservation of large amounts of "buffer" — i.e., unused — spectrum between active bands. That approach led to the Commission's 2012 decision, based on interference objections from GPS service providers, to revoke LightSquared's permission to establish a new wireless broadband network — after it had already invested $4 billion in the enterprise. It was a policy debacle of the first order: The social value of the new broadband network would have been far greater, probably by orders of magnitude, than the costs of resolving any GPS interference problems. Under Open Spectrum, spectrum that is now warehoused as buffer would be deployed, and border conflicts would be left to straightforward commercial resolution rather than lobbyist-infested political resolution. Spectrum-sharing technology plus the law of contract would move much more spectrum into productive use — and reveal how and where, in fact, spectrum could be used most productively.
The second objection is that exclusive spectrum rights should not be liberalized but rather abolished — in favor of unlicensed, open-access spectrum, or "common spectrum." In this vision, the unlicensed spectrum now used in such applications as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth would be expanded to replace the licensed spectrum used in cellular wireless networks and other proprietary systems. Unlicensed spectrum is indeed useful in low-power, limited-range environments such as homes, offices, and coffee shops, where it connects wireless devices (e.g., baby monitors, TV remote controls) to larger networks or is entirely local. It could not, however, be scaled up to longer-range, higher-power, point-to-point communications among large numbers of users without central regulation of impossible complexity. As the FCC has increased unlicensed spectrum, it has had to increase its technical controls over the permitted uses of that spectrum, and also its restrictions on licensed spectrum that might interfere with the unlicensed uses. If the trend continues, the result will not be a free and happy spectrum commons but, to the contrary, greater regimentation and more frequent shortages. The allure of unlicensed spectrum is strong among some academics and business firms, but that allure will fade as the possibilities for Open Spectrum sink in. Spectrum-sharing technologies can increase the range and utility of "common" unlicensed spectrum — but they can do the same for "owned" licensed spectrum. They have already done so in such cases as wireless connections to Kindle book readers and GM's OnStar navigation system, both of which piggyback on licensed broadband by private agreement; once spectrum licenses are opened up to multiple uses, licensees will deploy many more such applications.
The third objection is that Open Spectrum would permit license holders to profit from spectrum that belongs to the public, and thereby abscond with the government revenues that the FCC's spectrum auctions could raise. The first part of this argument is a fallacy: Licensees have always profited from whatever economic value they could produce with spectrum (from their own use or sale to others), and their increased returns from Open Spectrum would simply reflect the increased value to consumers from correcting current spectrum misallocations (consumers themselves would realize even greater returns). The second part is backwards: Open Spectrum would increase government revenues, probably by a great deal. Tax revenues from capital gains on spectrum transactions, sales taxes on goods and services that better-used spectrum made possible, and taxes on added personal and corporate income would far exceed the estimated $15 billion in revenues from the FCC's planned auctions. The tax revenues, moreover, would come in years sooner, and would continue as Open Spectrum led to continuous improvements in spectrum use and to development of new goods and services. The demands of government revenue collection often conflict with private-sector productivity, but there is no such conflict in the choice between spectrum auctions and Open Spectrum, because the gains from Open Spectrum would be orders of magnitude greater.
It remains the case that those who currently hold spectrum licenses would be among the most important and immediate beneficiaries of Open Spectrum. (The others would be producers who need spectrum now but lack the necessary licenses, and consumers who would receive new, better, and lower-cost services — that would be almost all of us.) And therein lies the idea's political genius. For it is current licensees who have been most threatened by previous proposals to improve spectrum use through annual spectrum fees, claw-backs of underused spectrum, and reduced spectrum buffers. The licensees have proven to be highly effective in delaying or defeating those proposals and in influencing spectrum auctions to their advantage. But Open Spectrum, by greatly increasing the economic value of currently licensed spectrum, turns the incentives around — transforming licensees into an interest group for what is also in the public interest. As in the case of Open Skies, its permissiveness turns the attentions of those most directly involved from political rent-seeking to economic opportunities. As in the case of Open Skies, congressional leaders who were initially alarmed by the initiative would be assured by powerful constituents that the Commission was on the right track.
Open Spectrum exemplifies Leonardo's adage that "simplicity is the ultimate sophistication" — which, appropriately, was also Steve Jobs's slogan for the first Apple computers. It holds the promise of correcting in a stroke a terrible waste of one of nature's most valuable resources, generating profound economic benefits and spurring a new round of technological innovation. All it requires is a latter-day Tom Whitehead with the vision and gumption to make the idea his own, master the inside politics, and lead the way so that others might follow. Ideas of such simplicity and power come around infrequently; when they do, they really ought to be seized.
– Mr. DeMuth is a distinguished fellow at the Hudson Institute and the director of the Hudson Initiative on Future Innovation.


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by Wesley Ratko
In an interview with Chestnut Hill resident Stella Tsai, the appointee to the Philadelphia Zoning Code Commission clarified the Chestnut Hill Community Association's role under the proposed changes to the city's zoning code.
Tsai pointed out that while the requirements stated in the new code would be less than what Chestnut Hill now asks of applicants, the new section on neighborhood meetings would be greater than what is currently on the books.
"There is nothing in the current code which requires a developer or other person seeking approval from the ZBA to meet with the community," Tsai said. "Our goal was to ensure a citywide baseline for citizen input, which never existed before."
Last month, CHCA's Land Use Planning and Zoning Committee dedicated an entire meeting to discuss changes to the zoning code now being debated in Philadelphia. Chief among its concerns was a new section in the code that would require zoning applicants to convene one community-based meeting for projects that require Zoning Board of Adjustment approval.
See this letter to the zoning commission by CHCA president, Walter Sullivan.
Larry McEwen, co-chair of the LUPZ, expressed concern that this new requirement could take the place of the current process now in effect in Chestnut Hill, which involves an appearance by the applicant before the Development Review Committee, appearances before any other committees (Aesthetics, Historical, etc.) that the DRC prescribes, a second concluding appearance before the DRC and, finally, an appearance before the board.
"The requirements for community review meetings would be much less than what we do now," McEwen said at that time.
Tsai explained that the new code will not prohibit the Chestnut Hill Community Association from asking an applicant for additional meetings with its committees in any instances where the CHCA thinks more meetings are required. Under the new code, the CHCA will still have the freedom to support or oppose an applicant's request for zoning relief from the ZBA.
"The proposed Zoning Code is designed to be predictable, transparent and fair to the stakeholders," Tsai said.
Minimum requirements for civic engagement have never been a part of the code. They will now be required from a developer either when a project requires Zoning Board of Adjustment approval or when a by-right project triggers the need for Civic Design Review (CDR). Civic design review, an advisory panel of civilian experts — is a new process for Philadelphia.
For projects that require Zoning Board approval, the community will have 21 days after receiving notice of the project in which to schedule a meeting with the developer and all stakeholders, followed by a one-week period in which to document the meeting. This meeting must occur and be documented by the time the Zoning Board of Adjustment hears the case.
The new code sets a minimum standard by establishing a forum for public input so that all neighborhoods in Philadelphia (including those that lack the resources available in Chestnut Hill) may engage in the planning and development process. Developers and communities can choose to have more than one meeting, but it would not be required by the code.
For by-right projects — those that do not require a zoning variance — that are substantial enough to require Civic Design Review (CDR), the community will have the opportunity to offer "timely, meaningful input on aspects of the project in a public forum," according to Tsai. A representative of the registered community organization for the area will sit on the seven-member CDR committee for that project.

subset: commoncrawl


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Oklahoma City marks 18th anniversary of bombing
The bombing in Boston stirred those who lost loved ones in Oklahoma City
By Tim Talley
The Associated Press
OKLAHOMA CITY — It's been 18 years since a truck bomb detonated outside Oklahoma City's federal building, but family members of the 168 people killed in the attack said Friday their memories of the carnage and their sense of loss are as vivid as ever following the Boston Marathon explosions.
"It opens that wound," said Dawn DeArmon, whose mother, Federal Employees Credit Union employee Kathy Leinen, was killed in the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
Joyce Cleveland's daughter, Social Security Administration worker Pamela Cleveland Argo, also died in the bombing. She said Monday's explosions in Boston, which killed three people and injured more than 180, stirred up past emotions and reminded her how difficult it's been to cope with Pamela's death.
"We just know what they're going through and what they've got to go through," Cleveland said. "They've got a long way to go."
She and DeArmon were among 800 people who crowded into a church near the former site of the federal building to remember those killed, those who survived, and search and rescue workers who sifted through the rubble from the nine-story structure for weeks after the attack.
Speakers at the Oklahoma City ceremony remembered Boston even as they honored their own bombing victims.
"Our hearts break for our fellow Americans," Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin said. "We grieve for those who have been killed."
U.S. Rep. James Lankford said many bombing survivors and victims' family members believe they have recovered from their sense of loss until tragedies like Boston occur.
"We see the coverage and the footage and all the raw emotions come back again. And we realize it's still extremely tender to us," Lankford said.
Boston filled people's conversations afterward, too.
"You turn on the TV and you're living this over and over," said Jannie Coverdale, whose two grandsons, 5-year-old Aaron Coverdale and 2-year-old Elijah Coverdale, were among 19 children who died in the Oklahoma City bombing. "Even if we wanted to forget, we can't forget."
Family members placed flowers and mementos on empty chairs meant to honor each bombing victim at the Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum on the federal building's former site.
DeArmon, her 1-year-old granddaughter, Madison, and other relatives laid bouquets and a photograph of DeArmon's mother on the chair that bears her name. DeArmon said it "breaks my heart" that Madison will never meet her great-grandmother.
"She's going to miss out on an important person in her life," DeArmon said.
The Oklahoma City federal building was destroyed when a truck containing more than 4,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and fuel oil exploded next to it. The bombing remains the worst domestic terror attack in U.S. history and was the deadliest on U.S. soil before the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
Federal prosecutors said Army veteran Timothy McVeigh planned the bombing as revenge for the deadly standoff between the FBI and Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas, that killed more than 70 people on April 19, 1993 — exactly two years earlier.
McVeigh was convicted on federal murder and conspiracy charges in 1997 and executed in 2001.
His Army buddy, Terry Nichols, was convicted on federal and state bombing-related charges and is serving multiple life sentences in a federal prison.


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We've seen gender-swapped superheroes, now the villains are getting in on the gender-bending act. Priscilla Tramontano takes some of the Marvel universe's more fearsome male villains and gives them female form.
Following Rule 63 of the Internet, which states that for every character, an opposite-genedered character must also exist, Tramontano illustrates female versions of Doom, Galactus, Thanos, Loki, and Apocalypse. But when will Marvel or DC give us a full gender-swapped comic series?
Priscilla Tramontano [deviantART via The Uniblog]
G/O Media may get a commission


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Thank you for your interest in the Verdugo Hills Chorus. Please feel free submit any inquiry by completing the form on our contact us page. You can also call the chorus phone line at (818) 696-0638
Guests are always welcome at our Rehearsals! Wednesdays at 7pm.
First United Methodist Church of Glendale
Education Building, Room 340
134 N. Kenwood St., Glendale, CA 91206
(Parking - corner of Wilson and Kenwood)


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Action Plan Examples
Examples of completed Action Plans for the five strategy prongs and data collection, as described in Module 5 of the online Positive School Discipline course. File: ActionPlanExemplars.pdf Age...
Action Plan Template
A template for creating a detailed Action Plan for each strategy prong of a Positive School Discipline Plan. There are also six Campus Action Plan Examples to use as a model (as shown in Module 5 of...
Benefits for Potential Partners
A description of how addressing school suspension issues could benefit a variety of potential partners. Can be used in making the case to partners. File: BenefitsforPotentialPartners.pdf Age Group...
Creating an Inventory of the Five Strategy Prongs
A worksheet for school teams to use to identify all the discipline-related policies, programs, and practices for each of the five strategy prongs. File: CreatinganInventoryoftheFiveStrategyProngs....
Framework for Comprehensive Positive School Discipline
This Framework describes a holistic three-step process for implementing a comprehensive, multipronged approach to positive school discipline. File: PSD_Framework_Comprehensive.pdf Age Group: ...
Letter from Principal to Existing Partner
A sample letter for making a case for an existing school partner to join a positive school discipline collaborative effort. File: LetterfromPrincipaltoanExistingPartner.pdf Age Group: Elementary...
Letter from Principal to New Partner
A sample letter for making a case for a new partner to join a positive school discipline collaborative effort. File: LetterfromPrincipaltoaNewPartner.pdf Age Group: Elementary Secondary Content...
Making the Case: Mobilizing Stakeholders to Take Action
A guide for making a detailed case about an issue (such as positive school disipline) to engage a partner to join a colloborative initiative. File: MakingtheCaseMobilizingStakeholders.pdf Content...
Outcome Evaluation Plan Template
A template for measuring each outcome identified in the Positive School Discipline Plan (as shown in Module 5 of the Positive School Discipline Course for School Leaders). File: ...
Positive School Discipline Plan Template Worksheet
A template for creating a Positive School Discipline Plan, with challenges, goals, multipronged strategies, and outcomes (like the example in Module 5 of the Positive School Discipline Course). ...
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"Our Idiot," formerly known as "My Idiot Brother," has at long last delivered a trailer.
The film, which made its world premiere at Sundance, stars Paul Rudd as a Ned, a goodhearted stoner doofus who gets arrested selling pot to a uniformed--yes, uniformed--police officer.
As he tries to put his life back together, he stays briefly with each of his sisters--played by Elizabeth Banks, Zooey Deschanel and Emily Mortimer--whereupon he unintentionally screws up each of their lives.
U.S. & World
The cast, which also includes Steve Coogan, Adam Scott and Rashida Jones, couldn't be much better, so it was with great anticipation that we settled in for a screening back in January. Sad to say, "Our Idiot Brother" left us a little cold. It's funny, yes, but nearly as funny as you might hope, and feels more like a series of sitcom episodes than a cohesive film.
But, hey, we thought "Your Highness" was hilarious, so what do we know"
"Our Idiot Brother" opens Aug. 26.


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Residential building plot in kato polemidia, limassol
- Reference number 76281
- Plot area 265 m²
Residential building plot located in Kato Polemidia is available for sale.
The subject real estate falls within the Κα5 residential planning zone which at the time of listing, allows for 100% of build density, 50% of build cover, 3 maximum number of floors and 13,5m maximum building height, providing that all the necessary building uses and conditions for building are met. Not excluding and not limited to the relevant green areas, roads, utilities that may need to be deducted or present to enable building. Any additional features of the property are outlined in the next section.
The land area listed for properties described as building plots, are considered the "clean available area" for building, due to the associated green areas and roads having already been deducted and in most cases constructed/completed. Building plots are considered immediately ready for construction, providing that all the necessary planning permissions and building permits are in place to do so. Exactly what can be built depends on the planning use and zone the property falls within.
GP Lazarou Estate Agents LTDVerified account
Posting since feb, 2017 Other ads from this seller
Agent reg. number: 701
Agent license no.: 442
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Our hero blog tradition is continuing strong...with a card made by a hero who's home now. Yes, a male hero! Talk about TALENT! And punster skillz too! Be sure to leave him some love in a comment on this post :)
|More info about AnyHero Mail...
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Great missing you card! I hope to case it!
what a clever card! and how cool to be made by one of our soldiers! neat!
LOVE the pun of AEIO. I will need to case this card.
Rock on man! Great card.
So very clever clever clever... The missing U.
I've got to copy that idea
This card is fantastic! I really like the "puzzle" aspect (making it interactive)and the style (making it unisex.) Thanks for sharing!
What a cute card! Love the pun
Love your card. Great job.
that card is so cute and so creative
Very cool and creative! So happy to see one of our heroes creating for OWH. Great job.
Awesome card! Thank you for your service AND your card making skills!~
Blessings to you and your family!
I LOVE this card and plan on CASEing it soon! So many possibilities here.
Now that is too cute & creative! A card I totally want to case! A hero indeed! Thank you!
Hummer Hugs,
hummingbird204 at comcast dot net
great card and welcome home!
How very cute and CLEVER! Would love to see more from this hero, and very glad he's home!
How cute, as a teacher I really appreciated this one!
Damnnnnnn, this card is awesome! Bravo! And thank you for your service!
great play on word for this card!
Great missing you card! Have a wonderful weekend!
Thanks for joining in on this hop with all of us cardmakers, and from your home no less. Happy to know you are back and appreciate the time you spent away serving.
God bless you and you family!
love the pun! very fun!!
My thanks to you and all the other men and women who serve to protect our country.
Love the card!
Ok...My favorite card so far!!!! LOVE it!!!
Love this card! Thank you for sharing your card and for your service and dedication!
Nice card with a great idea. Thanks for sharing and for your service.
Love the play on a simple rhyme! Thanks for the inspiration!
this is such great great card ~ well done and thank you for your service
That is a GREAT card!!! TFS! Charlotte
I love when I hear about Hero's getting into the mix. Great card and just glad our Hero is home and thank them for their service.
ADORABLE Card!!! Will have to make one of these for sure!!!
OneCreativeMomma at yahoo dot com
Great job. Thank you for your service and helping us learn what our heroes enjoy!
What an fun card!
what a great idea! going to copy the concept for sure!
I love the pun and also like the monochromatic card!
Best concept so far! I adore the clever humor and the tight, sweet sentiment of this card!
just hoppin thru
LOL cute sentiment! I'll be CASEing that. So glad you are home! Thanks for all you and your family do for our country!
Okay, this is seriously awesome! So clever and creative, I love it!
Have a blessed Memorial Day weekend.
I love the simplicity of your card!
ajandapril at aol dot com
Oh what a sassy lad! Love that card!
Welcome home, hero, and thanks. Welcome to our cardmaking family; your card is so clever!! I have a feeling it will be CASE'd by many (myself included).
I love this card! and that a soldier made it! Very clever and well done!! Thanks so much!
Love a man in uniform...AND who can make cards!! Great job! I'll have to steal, uh, case this card idea!
Cool card.
How clever. I just love this card. TFS.
What a fun and clever card. The 'surprise' posts from heroes are always one of the best part of OWH blog hops!
brilliant! two of my faves: puns and leftover letters!
I LOVE this card! So creative!
cute and clever. i had to read it over again to "get" it. sharon.gullikson at gmail.com
Great miss U card, how many took a minute or read it twice to catch the pun! "I DID!" now I'm smiling and laughing at myself, ready to hop on but I had to leave a comment. Thank You for your service to our country and for that card.
Love this card, how clever!
Thanks for your brave service and sacrifice! Glad you are back home. My, you are a talented card maker and a witty one at that!! Thanks for sharing this with us. God bless.
I love your sentiment! I have used similar ones, but this one is just great! Thank you so much for your service. You are my hero!
I really like the cute use of the pun with the sentiment. Always nice to see something clever. Thank you for your service!
Great card---very punny! Thank you for your service!!
Love the pun! Great Clean and Simple card. The cord is a great touch!
Love this card! The letters are so decorative, it takes a moment to see what they are ... Making the pun even more fun.
Great message - so apt for our loved ones so far from home. TFS!
Yayyy!!! For one of our heroes safe back home (and he's a papercrafter too). Fabulous fun card.
Great idea--took me a second to get it
love it
Thanks for the inspiration! Hugs, Karen
Cute and clever card - love it!!!
okay...that is just too dang clever! (and the fact that the design is stellar just adds to the impact.)
What a clever card. Keep them coming.
How fun and clever! It took me a minute but I got it.
First, thank you for your service and your courage. Second, what a great card! It reflects my sense of humor! Glad to have you home! Blessings.
Cute card, and I love that we have a male card-maker among todays blogs!
I send sincere appreciation to him and all our troops for everything they do and all they give everyday!
rleckie911 AT gmail.com
Oh man, do I ever love puns. Terrific card. And I am so going to lift this idea :-)
Hats off to this talented Hero!
amazing, (and totally going to case this idea!!!) i've used a whole alphabet without the U, but this is even cooler!!! great card
Linda patti email@example.com
That is a great card (very clever! My daughter loved it, she kept asking where is U - lol!) Happy Memorial Day :D
So creative - one of the best cards on the hop!
I like to see guys create, too. Their ideas are often very different and creative!
Great font! Super layout.
Thank you for our freedo
sharon l
sharon dot lemon @ sbcglobal dot net
Great card THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE AND FOR MAKING CARDS FOR OTHERS SERVING NOW!!!
This is so clever - putting in my "cards to try" section.
LOVE THIS!!! Will definitely be lifting this one! Thank you for your service!
cool idea!
SFC...your card is the most popular on the hop. I'm just sayin'..... :) You and your wife are an awesome crafty team!!!!
How very cute and unique. Lots of talent there. Thanks for making the card for the OWH Blog Hop.
Your cards are just great! :)
Thank U for posting a great card and Thank U for serving our nation.
I am free to stamp thanks 2U
Thank you for serving our country. You are a hero in book. What a great card.
great idea
Love the idea on this card, but the Hero behind it is loved for his service even more!!!! Gotta love that our cards make a difference when they come home and make some of their own! Hoo Ahhh!!!!
What a CREATIVE card! This is one hop I look forward to EVERY year and I sincerely appreciate your participation. My husband is a decorated Vietnam veteran and it's such a pleasure to honor those men and women serving our country in whatever capacity. Our heartfelt thanks go out to them AND to their families at home. Happy Memorial Day!
That card is so cute! I'm going to shamelessly copy it :) Thanks for joining us and thank you for your service!!
This is so cute and clever!
Such a creative card. Thank U for sharing!!!
what a clever card. It took me a minute to realize what it said!
Thank you SFC C.E., for your service to our country AND for the clever card! It's always nice to have a fallback career!!
it took me a minute to get it, I think it was the font....but it TOTALLY ROCKS!
Thanks to all you guys and gals!
Enjoy your weekend!
This is so clever!
What a fantastic card!
GMTA - I did something similar with a "missing u" on my card for the hop! :D
First of all, to the designer of the card - Thank YOU for your service! Very clever card, I adore it.
Super clever card, and thanks for your service!
Took me a minute-bit I got it!I may have to copy this one!
Absolutely love this card! I'm so proud to be a part of such an amazing cause!
First and foremost...THANK YOU for your service! Secondly...this card is so cool! Thank you for sharing it with us.
Wow! That is sooooo clever! Thank you for being one of our country's HERO's!
Great card!! Thanks for your service!!!
Craftycardgallery at gmail dot com
Oh my gosh! LOVE this card!
Great job and what a great idea with the vowel pun!
Lisa H.
lisastuf at gmail dot com
Awesome! Definitely a card to scraplift :)
took me a second, but I get it, ha ha
Amazing card!! So very clever.
oooooooo, this guy's good. . . . glad he's on our side!
great card idea - thanx for the inspiration!
- sueb of blondin blogs
sue dot blondin at gmail dot com
Terrific card! Definitely going to scraplift this one! Thanks for your service and for giving back!
What fun ..... hop, hop, hop.
I loved the card you shared for this blog. How nice to receive cards from our male soldiers to send overseas!!! This is a great card!!! Thanks for sharing the card.
....and a big thanks for all who supports OWH.
katknit at gmail dot com
What a clever idea for a card!! I absolutely love it!
Hugs, Dee
Love the card and the idea used. Thanks for sharing in the hop!
GREAT card! Love it! Thank you for your service and sharing your fabulous card! Have a great weekend!
Awesome card!! Love the pun!!
WOW!!! You got some mad card makin' skills!!!! Thank you for your service and sacrifice!!!! Blessing to you and your family!!!;)
Thanks for your service - we really really appreciate you! Your card is great...nice to have another cardmaker for OWH ! :)
Nothing's better than a punny card! :D Okay, well, maybe a guy who makes cards. Okay, make that a guy who bravely serves our country. I proudly salute you and thank you for your service. Welcome home.
This is an AWESOME card!! :) Thank you so much for your service -- It means so much to me... And now that you are home, I find it incredibly generous of you to make cards for other heroes. :)
Thanks so much for sharing your card and supporting OWH!! :)
Amy :) at www.lovetocrop.com
He's got skills. Love it!
Great card and a clever one too. Thanks for your service to our country and glad you are back home.
Somebody else did a whole alphabet... but this is much more space-saving! great card.
Great card. Love it!
Great card. Thank you for everything you have done for us and our Country. Glad you are home.
cstephenson at q dot com
Great cards! thank you for the inspiration! I make some cards to sent out too!
Very clever!
Fabulous card - love the pun! so glad you are home and remembering those who are not :)
Love this simple and clever twist on words card! Thanks so much for contributing your time and creativity to support our troops.
: ) Susan
Love it!!! <3
Great card, love it!
Wonderful card. I like the "miss you" senitment -- very clever. Thank you for your service to our country. Nice of you to take the time now that you are home to make a card.
What a great missing you card. I will definitely be scraplifting this idea and using it for cards in the future. TFS! and Thanks for your service.
Great card! It caught my eye and I just had to come back and give it a closer look. LOVE it!


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Back to budgets, Ryan returns to comfortable topic
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[December 04, 2012]
(AP) -- Paul Ryan is getting his groove back.
A month after the GOP's presidential ticket lost an election, the party's vice presidential nominee finds himself comfortably back in his political wheelhouse on Capitol Hill and in the thick of a debate over how to avert automatic tax increases and spending cuts that many economists fear could cripple the economy if Congress doesn't head them off by Jan. 1.
The Wisconsin congressman isn't technically a member of the House Republican leadership. But he's viewed by GOP colleagues as an expert on economic and tax policy and entitlement programs. He's a good gauge of how far the party's most conservative lawmakers will bend, if at all, as House Speaker John Boehner negotiates with the White House and Democratic-controlled Senate over the "fiscal cliff."
That explains why Ryan has become a new addition to what previously was a four-person, 30-minute morning meeting led each day by Boehner and Majority Leader Eric Cantor, R-Va.
The GOP leaders want his views in planning strategy for dodging a budget meltdown and coming out on top politically. As an informal liaison to rank-and-file members, he's in a position to test what policy changes these members may be willing to support and sell them on what they should accept or reject. Ryan's imprint on any deal could be enough to satisfy some of the party's most conservative constituencies that otherwise might balk at any notion of tax increases.
"Congressman Ryan finds himself at a near-perfect meeting of preparation and opportunity," said Joe Brettell, a Republican strategist and former Capitol Hill aide. "His credibility with both Republican leadership and the conservative establishment will make his support a crucial element to any fiscal cliff agreement."
According to House GOP officials, whatever top Republicans need from Ryan -- from policy advice to political cover
-- they're getting it.
Ryan plays down his role, saying people should focus on Boehner and President Barack Obama.
"Speaker Boehner has outlined a bipartisan way forward to avoid the fiscal cliff and get our economy growing: commonsense entitlement reform coupled with pro-growth tax reform," he said last week. "We can find common ground on responsible spending restraint and greater revenue, but we have yet to see real, specific spending cuts from President Obama."
Nevertheless, Ryan's deep involvement in the debate suggests his reputation within the GOP as a conservative leader against tax increases and advocate for reining in spending, particularly on programs like Social Security and Medicare, hasn't been hurt by his failed stint as Mitt Romney's running mate.
To a certain extent, the fiscal policy negotiations playing out on Capitol Hill give him an opportunity to reshape his profile on his own terms for a potential 2016 run at the presidency after a 2012 campaign in which allies say he often was muzzled and had to defer to Romney.
[to top of second column]
"He knows this stuff. He's been battle-tested," said Rep. Cory Gardner of Colorado, a Ryan friend who often joined him during the campaign. "It gives the members more confidence in what they're doing, knowing that we've got someone on our side who is an incredible player, somebody who knows how to execute and knows he can win on a message that is right."
Romney chose Ryan, a former Hill staffer and self-professed budget geek, as his running mate largely because of his fiscal policy credentials, doubling down on the notion that voters would above all else cast their ballots on who could spark the nation's then-sputtering economy. Ryan was front-and-center those first weeks, blitzing local television stations in swing states with more than 100 interviews.
But Romney soon found himself getting hammered over Ryan's earlier budget proposals for deep spending cuts to programs for seniors and the poor. Democratic critics ran ads assailing the Ryan budget, and Republican candidates across the country were put on the defensive over it.
Ryan eventually faded back into the traditional role of a vice presidential candidate, assailing the opponent and validating the top of the ticket's credentials with a carefully scripted daily speech
-- and above all, not making any unnecessary waves. His last interview before Election Day was on Oct. 8.
The day after the election, he told reporters he would be returning to his home in Janesville, Wis., to spend time with his family before going back to his job in Congress, for which he won re-election on Nov. 6.
While some advisers urged him to give up his House seat and focus solely on a potential 2016 presidential bid, Ryan decided his budget experience was needed in Washington to help dodge the fiscal cliff crisis. But he also likely realized that a debate in his area of expertise could provide a huge political payoff and solid footing well ahead of the next race for the White House.
Press; By PHILIP ELLIOTT]
Copyright 2012 The Associated
Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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What's the Answer to the Modern Day Church?
from Steven Lawson Aug 07, 2020 Category: ArticlesWe now stand in the twenty-first century, almost five hundred years removed from John Calvin's time, but we find ourselves in an equally critical hour of redemptive history. As the organized church was spiritually bankrupt at the outset of Calvin's day, so it is again in our time. Certainly, to judge... Keep Reading
Forgotten Providence - Ligonier Leadership Conference (I)
from Robert Rothwell Oct 20, 2009 Category: EventsDr. Sproul appropriately kicks off Ligonier's Pillars of the Christian Faith leadership conference with a message on creation and providence, which are foundational elements of any worldview, let alone the Christian faith. His message on how we often forget the providence of God ought to strike a chord with all of us. We believers spend so much time defending and arguing about creation that we forget about how God not only worked long ago to get things started but He also works today to keep everything going. Keep Reading
Ligonier Music Titles Available for Digital Download on iTunes, Amazon and more
from Deborah Finnamore Oct 19, 2009 Category: Ligonier ResourcesAs the catalog of originally-conceived and produced music at Ligonier continues to grow, we are constantly looking for avenues to make this music available to wider audiences. Now twelve of Ligonier's music titles are available for digital download through the iTunes® store, Amazon MP3, Rhapsody and more than 19 other major online music distribution services. Keep Reading
Don't Retire; We Need You
from Alex Chediak Oct 19, 2009 Category: Tabletalk MagazineYou may have heard that retirement can kill you. Men and women die of boredom, for lack of intellectual challenge, or from the deafening silence that can accompany a spouse's death. Depressed saving accounts may represent another motivation to stay gainfully employed. Even if times were better, you might simply prefer staying active in your career, maintaining a position of influence that you've worked hard to reach. Keep Reading
Exercising Your Power of Choice
from R.C. Sproul Oct 18, 2009 Category: ArticlesDoes man have a free will? This question is one of the most frequently asked questions of theology. At times, it is not voiced as a question but as an objection to the whole idea of a sovereign God. Keep Reading
Rediscovering the Law
from R.C. Sproul Oct 17, 2009 Category: ArticlesIsrael's reformation came via a rediscovery of the law, which created a brief awakening to the bankruptcy of a corrupt nation. As a young man, King Josiah began the process of reformation with a spiritual purge, a cleansing of pagan elements from the religious life of the nation. Keep Reading
Semper Reformanda
from Michael Horton Oct 16, 2009 Category: Tabletalk MagazineIf you've been in Protestant circles for very long, whether conservative or liberal, you may have heard the phrase "reformed and always reforming" or sometimes just "always reforming." I hear it a lot these days, especially from friends who want our Reformed churches to be more open to moving beyond the faith and practice that is confessed in our doctrinal standards. Even in Reformed circles of late, various movements have arisen that challenge these standards. Keep Reading
Obsolete Media Goes Global
from Marty Banzhaf Oct 14, 2009 Category: ArticlesLigonier media resources have a long history in their global outreach. It is a great joy for the ministry to be able to contribute hundreds of resources from obsolete inventory and find an inexpensive way of distribution. DVDs, CDs, and MP3s are the media formats of the twenty-first century, yet this technology does not extend worldwide. As globalization has provided new media technology, still old media equipment for VHS and audio cassettes exist en masse and are kept operational in both urban and rural areas of underdeveloped countries. Keep Reading
Teenage Rebellion
from Keith Mathison Oct 13, 2009 Category: ArticlesLet's do a quick word association test. What is the first thing that comes into your mind when you see or hear the word teenager? Sadly, for many, the first words that come to mind are entirely negative. The word teenager brings to their mind other words such as lazy, apathetic, irresponsible, rude, know-it-all, and so on. Most people today have very low expectations for teenagers in general, and too many have low expectations for their own teenagers in particular. Teenagers themselves recognize these low expectations, and many live down to them—sleeping in and sliding by. Not all teenagers, however, are so complacent. Keep Reading
To Whom Be the Glory?
from Robert Barnes Oct 12, 2009 Category: ArticlesPastor's Perspective I'm a confessional Calvinist, but I have the nagging sense that God slipped up when he allowed me to pastor a church. A number of questions go through my mind as I consider God's decision to allow me to pastor at Dayspring Church (PCA). Is the church in such dire straits that I can actually be a help to her? Are things that bad? Or am I so ineffectual in my administration, my leadership, my influence, that I have not the will or ability to harm a church? Or perhaps, in the best of worlds, the postmillennial folks are right and the church, while gimpy, is steadily limping towards victory such that dragging one more weak pastor along will hardly slow her progress. But even that positive spin doesn't help me -- it still looks like I'm not up for the job. Keep Reading
Entering into Mystical Union
from R.C. Sproul Oct 11, 2009 Category: ArticlesThe Christian life is lived in the context of mystical union with Christ. This union finds its initial origin in eternity. Our salvation is from the foundation of the world, resting in the grace of God's sovereign election. Paul indicates this in Ephesians 1:3-6. Keep Reading


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Sir Alex Ferguson insists Manchester United are ready to end their run of Champions League exits at the hands of German clubs, as the Premier League leaders prepare to face Schalke in this season's semi-final first leg on Tuesday.
Ferguson's side have suffered knockout defeats against Bayern Munich (twice), Borussia Dortmund and Bayer Leverkusen in recent memory - with the latter two both ending United's Champions League dream at the semi-final stage, in 1997 and 2002 respectively.
Most recently, Bayern knocked United out of last season's competition en route to the final, triumphing on away goals after winning 2-1 in Munich and losing 3-2 at Old Trafford.
United do, of course, also have fond memories of facing German opposition having beaten Bayern in dramatic circumstances in the 1999 final, while they also defeated Wolfsburg home and away last season.
And Ferguson believes United are fully equipped to exorcise their German knockout demons when they line up against Ralf Ragnick's Schalke at Veltins Arena on Tuesday.
"We've not had a great record against Bayern from the 99 season. We drew twice in the group stages and beat them in the final," Ferguson said.
"We were very unlucky against Leverkusen, we should have seen them off and we were very unlucky against Dortmund but you can't always be unlucky and sometimes it'll change for you. The German teams have always had that resilience and determination about them and that will be exactly the same on Tuesday night.
"We're going into this game with far more experience than we have in previous years and our record away from home in the last few years has been terrific."
Schalke's line will be led by three-time European Cup winner Raul, who recently revealed that United were interested in his services when his time at Real Madrid was drawing to a close last summer.
And Ferguson confirmed that he had considered signing the veteran Spain striker, who is the Champions Laague's all-time leading scorer in the Champions League with 71 goals.
"We spoke to his agent or his agent spoke to us and we were a little bit tempted because you said to yourself 'He's not too old that he can't score a goal in the Premier League," Ferguson said.
"His time at Real had come to an end after a fantastic career but players like that always find something in terms of ambition, they don't just wither away, and at his age he had plenty to do, plenty to offer.
"It would have been [a Henrik Larsson-type signing]. You get opportunities with experience like that like we did with Michael Owen and Michael Owen has been a fantastic professional here. They bring value to the team, bring experience and I think if I didn't have Michael Owen I might have been tempted.
"Raul is Raul and you've got to be careful in the last third of the field because he's still got the intelligence and a fantastic goal record. It's 71 in the Champions League? Bloody hell, I hope it stays that way for the next three weeks."


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Google Earth Enterprise & Google Maps Engine Alternatives from Esri
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To get you up and running quickly with ArcGIS, Esri will include no-cost training.
Join 15,000+ Esri users and partners at our annual User Conference at no cost. We also invite you to join the Esri Federal GIS Conference in early February. Google partners will have access to special rates to attend Esri's Partner Conference and Developer Summit.
Esri is inviting Google partners to join the Esri Business Partner program.
Contact us today about next steps


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Keyshia Cole Speaks On Her Break Up With Young Jeezy, Dating, & No Clue Who Terrell Owens Is! "Who's Terrell Owens?. I Dont Really Watch Basketball"
Keyshia Cole interview on Hot 97
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[W]hat went on in that office should have stayed there in that office and it shouldn't have come out to you guys. So he's the [expletive] idiot for saying that, like that - not me - because I didn't interpret it like that.Lovely.
March 19, 2006
Memo To Wells: STFU!
David Wells is upset that Terry Francona went public with their conversation about the pitching rotation:
by allan at 11:00 AM
5 comments:
- laura k said...
David Wells complaining about someone else talking to the media! What an idiot.
- March 19, 2006 at 6:30 PM
- Jack Marshall said...
Stay Taciturn For Us? Stop Those Fanatic Upstarts? Strive To Flourish Undefeated? Shave Those Furry Underarms? Just what are you trying to tell David, Redsock?
- March 20, 2006 at 5:26 AM
- From the Vined Smithy said...
I think someone should CC the memo to Johnny Damon.
- March 21, 2006 at 8:35 AM
- allan said...
- March 21, 2006 at 10:14 AM
- Jack Marshall said...
A surprise to me that Bronson was "loved" in Boston...somehow I don't expect to see fans picketing outside of Fenway. I sure hope Johnny is right about the Yankees sticking with Jeter, Giambi, Sheffield, Posada and ARod until the cows come home. I've always wanted to see baseball played with walkers and canes.
How's that shoulder, Caveman?
- March 21, 2006 at 11:09 AM
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NetVanta 4430
Part Number:
The NetVanta 4430 is an Modular Access Router designed for higher-bandwidth applications supporting up to eight T1s for Internet access, corporate Frame Relay, point-to-point connectivity, ADSL, VPN, and up to a 100Mbps Carrier Ethernet connection. The NetVanta 4430 includes a built-in firewall and three Ethernet LAN ports, and can support the optional IPSec Virtual Private Networking (VPN) and Voice Quality Monitoring as well.
System Configurations


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**Don't get stuck with the cheap ones!
Our LED lights are made of brighter premium SMD chips which have longer lifespan compared to others.
Interior LED Package deal for 2004-2009 Mazda 3 Sedan or Hatchback. The Package includes 4 pieces LED bulbs for the following:
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I know a lot of people are considering dash cams now by the number of emails I receive asking about mine and where they can get one.
I did not research the one I got and it is not one I would recommend because of some reasons, I will describe.
I rarely buy anything without researching it, but I did in this case. The camera I bought was bought by a friend of mine for another gringo that changed his mind and never came to pick it up. I thought a dash cam was a good idea and said I would take it without doing my research.
Most of the dash cams are made by small companies in China. The instructions they come with are generally poor. Most will work with Windows based PCs. Some will not work with Apple PCs. I have yet to see one that specified what PCs they will and won't work with.
Because of this, I recommend that people, with only Apple PCs, be sure before buying if they can transfer the files to their PC and use the video.
Some have proprietary recording software and may only be played back on the device. All that I have seen use a mini SD memory chip to record on.
The cam I bought was only able to have the date and time set by recording the current date and time on the SD memory chip and loading it into the camera. Horrible design! My video quality is fair, but certainly not great.
You can spend from $30 to hundreds of dollars on a cam. The differences may be worth the money to you and they may not. Most people are buying them for insurance purposes and if one is ever used, what ever you paid for it will be worth the money.
GPS is on the more expensive models. It will record your trip and it can be displayed on a Google map. Those with GPS will probably record the speed you were driving and G-force of an impact.
Some are now coming out with dual cameras. I am going to include a video review of one of these cameras. By watching this video, you will learn several things about cams in general and questions to ask.
Here is another Dash Cam review site. They rate the camera in the video as having poor night vision. I would still like to have one. I refuse to drive at night in Panama and it should not be a problem.


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This page describes the window manager on Chrome OS.
The window manager on Chrome OS
Android apps are grouped into the following categories:
|API level
|Window manager behavior
|Android 1.5 (API level 3) and earlier
|These apps are always shown full screen.
|Android 1.6 (API level 6) through Android 6.0 (API level 23)
|These apps are treated as unsafe to be resized. If possible, these apps launch by default to a phone-sized portrait window; otherwise they launch into a phone-sized landscape window. The user can press F4 to enter or leave full screen mode which fully restarts the app—killing and starting the app anew—and keeps it from then on in full screen portrait-sized (or rotated into landscape).
|Android 7.0 (API level 24) resizable
|This is the default for Android 7.0: apps are resizable without restarting. These apps start usually maximized by default. Chromebooks at version M60 and earlier start portrait sized windows by default in phone sized (Nexus 5X) portrait.
|Android 7.0 (API level 24) un-resizable
An application specifies
android:resizeableActivity="false" and it avoids being
resized. However, there are some situations that require a resize, such
as when the user changes the screen size, the activity is on top of a
resizable activity, or the activity changes the orientation.
|Android 7.0 (API level 24) app-controlled
|The app requests a special launch size.
Note that app states like maximized or bound are remembered.
The root activity rules
A window on Chromebooks consists of a stack of activity windows. Each window in this stack has the same size and orientation.
To avoid sudden orientation and size changes—which are confusing for the user in a desktop environment—the window manager on Chromebooks does the same as the window manager in Android when the side by side mode is used:
- The activity at the bottom of the stack dictates the attributes of all activities above. This can lead into unexpected situations where a newly started activity which is portrait unresizable becomes landscape resizable.
Device mode has an effect here: in tablet mode the orientation is not locked and each orientation dictates its own orientation as it is normal on Android. However, the app size locks, if the activity targets Android 6.0 (API level 23) or lower.
The most common orientation is portrait as phones are mostly held this way. This mode is good for phones, but terrible for laptops. On the other hand, landscape is good for laptops and good for tablets. To get the best results for your application with a window manager, you should consider supporting both orientations.
Some Android apps assume that when a device is
held in the portrait mode, the rotation value is always
Surface.ROTATION_0. This may be true for
most Android devices. However, when the app is in a certain
mode, the rotation value for the portrait orientation may not be
To get an accurate rotation value while reading the accelerometer or similar
sensors, use the
method and swap the axis accordingly.
If you support only one, add the information to the manifest so that the window manager knows about this before starting the application. When specifying an orientation, make sure that you specify sensor orientations when possible as Chromebooks are often convertibles and upside down apps are annoying. Please do stick with a selected orientation - and most important of all: Avoid requesting one orientation in the manifest and then set another programmatically later. If you change the orientation based on window size, you might get stuck in a small portrait size window, and the user cannot get back into a big landscape window.
Launch size
Apps can change their launch size by using one of the following ways:
Use a launch size only in desktop environments. This helps the window manager to give you the proper bounds and orientation. To indicate a preferences when used in desktop mode, add the following meta tags inside the
<meta-data android:name="WindowManagerPreference:FreeformWindowSize" android:value="[phone|tablet|maximize]" /> <meta-data android:name="WindowManagerPreference:FreeformWindowOrientation" android:value="[portrait|landscape]" />
Use static launch bounds. Use
<layout>inside the manifest entry of your activity to specify a "fixed" starting size. See this example:
<layout android:defaultHeight="500dp" android:defaultWidth="600dp" android:gravity="top|end" android:minHeight="450dp" android:minWidth="300dp" />
Use dynamic launch bounds. An activity can create and use
ActivityOptions.setLaunchBounds(Rect)when creating a new activity. By specifying an empty rectangle, your app can be maximized.
Full screen
This works the same way as on stock Android: If the window is not covering the full screen, requests for full screening (hiding all system-UI) are ignored. When the app is maximized the normal methods / layouts / functions to get into fullscreen mode apply. This way the system UI (window control bar and the shelf) goes away.


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sciatica leg pain symptoms - The Important Sciatica Stretches
The Important Sciatica Stretches
I wanted to share with you the important
stretches that you can do to help get rid of back pain. There are a lot of people out there that have back problems and most of these people would describe it as the greatest pain you'll ever experience. I think it's important to understand that it isn't a sharp pain that hits you in one spot; it's a sharp pain that spreads across your back. You feel it everywhere and your back tenses up just at the anticipation of more pain to come. The good news is that you can do some easy stretches that will help relieve the pain. I'm going to share with you the important sciatica stretches that you need to do.
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is actually a symptom of back pain, but it is one caused by a nerve getting pressure. There are a few reasons why this could happen, but spine is the most likely place it occurs. Sometimes our spinal discs will burst or just get overly deflated. This causes the vertebrae to grind together at points and this will often be on a nerve. This will send out the shock of pain. Also a tense muscle has the ability of putting pressure onto the nerve and creating this pain as well.
and mentioning its affects on pregnancy: The nerve that extends from the lower back to the legs and feet is the sciatic nerve. This nerve is responsible for the sensation in the muscles of the region, i.e. the legs. This sciatic nerve, at time, tends to inflame, mainly because of application of severe pressure in one's backside, or due to a previous injury. This situation is a very undesirable one as it makes one experience the sciatic pain. If this pressure is consistent and there is an unceasing pressure on this nerve, this can cause one to feel weak in their legs and the region surrounding the legs, such as feet. In some cases, numbness and even a sense of tingling was felt by the patients. One can relate this sensation to the one which you feel when you tend to stay in one position for long, and the legs/hands etc. are said to have "fallen asleep". That sensation of pins and needles can be best related to this one.
The important sciatica stretches that you should be doing are quite simple. The first one involves you lying on your back, pulling your knees up to your chest and hugging them. This stretches out your lower back, which doesn't usually get stretched. Another stretch is grabbing onto something above you and hanging that way. It's sort of like hanging on the monkey bars. It stretches out your torso.
I get two common questions in my practice about
. If you know the answers to these will help you getting directions to solving your back problems. Although back pain may be a pretty complex issue it can be solved using very simple solutions.
Before we look at a few exercises for
it is important to understand what
is. Often misused and not clearly defined, sciatica is not a diagnosis in itself but in actuality
is a set of symptoms being caused by another medical issue, most often a slipped or herniated disk. The term
refers to the pain caused when one ore more of the nerves exiting the lower spine are being compressed or irritated. These nerves exiting the lower spines make up the sciatic nerve. A herniated or slipped disk is not the only medical condition that can cause
but it is the most common.
First question: What are the Simple Steps to Follow? If you want to get rid of the
pain you need to find the main factors that cause this. If you don?t find all the factors, the pain will return soon or will never leave.
The medical term for
is a radiculopathy, which means that a spinal disc has extended beyond its normal position and is irritating the radicular nerve (nerve root) in the lower back, which connects with the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve branches off as it travels down the lower extremity through the back of the leg, and thus pain can be experienced along this route. Even though it may seem counterintuitive, healing sciatica pain through exercise is better than bed rest. Resting for a day or two after the patients
flares up is acceptable, but inactivity after this time will usually make the pain worse. Your back muscles and spinal structure become deconditioned without exercise and movement and are less able to support the back. Leading to strain and further back injury this deconditioning and weakening is the most common reason for additional back pain. If you want to have healthy spinal discs you need to make sure that you are exercising. Nutrients and fluids are exchange within discs through movement and help to keep them healthy. The focus of most sciatica exercises are on strengthening the back and abdominal muscles to provide more strength and support for your back. If you have muscles that cause pain when they are tight and inflexible, stretching exercises for sciatica targeted muscles is recommended. When you partake in stretching and strengthening exercises, the average patient will recover more quickly from a
episode and prevent future flare ups of the pain. Because sciatic pain is not caused by the same ailments, specific
exercises are recommended depending on the cause of the pain. Its just like bringing your car into the mechanic, if the muffler is the problem then rotating the wheels will most likely not fix the problem. A certified athletic trainer, physical therapist, chiropractor or or spine specialist who deals with back and leg pain associated with
may recommend a treatment program with exercise being a part of it. Making sure you are properly diagnosed before starting a specific sciatica exercise program is important because, while it is rare, sciatica pain can be cause by serious medical conditions such as a tumor or infection that require prompt medical attention. I was going to list an assortment of exercises that one could do but I don't think with what I have said in my above statement that this would be a good idea. Self diagnosis can often lead to further injury so I stick to what I wrote and recommend that before you start specific
exercises you should consult one of the above recommended specialists and discuss a treatment plan with a professional.
What People Said About
Sciatica Treatment
Sciatol really worked for me. After 2 weeks my shooting leg pain is gone and I feel so much better. Thank you!!!
" Daniel
Joints must move correctly and your pelvis needs to be well balanced. Your muscular system will fail if your joints do not improve. The same thing goes for your pelvis ? if it does not improve your muscular system will continually fail.
pain relief in a few simple and very easy steps. If you know what to do, and most importantly, what to target, sciatica pain relief can be simple, easy and quick.
The solutions are simple: 1. Release tension in the muscles which can be accomplished by stretching (most important is to know when and how to stretch). You need to warm up a beat before doing any stretching because your muscles need to have their blood supply and nerve stimulated. This saves time and reduced the chances to get some minor injuries while stretching.
Learn more about Physical Therapy For Sciatica
Most females develop this condition of
at some point during their pregnancy and otherwise as well. It might just well be a coincidence that they experience discomfort when pregnant. In some cases, pain in the pelvis region is also misinterpreted for sciatica-related pains, this notion, however, is incorrect.
Symptoms ?? As already mentioned, one experiences the feeling of pins and needles in the legs or the lower back region. ?? Numbness ?? Pain in the pelvic region, lower back, feet etc.
When it returns it usually gets worse with each episode and this is why so many people complain about constant nagging back pain.
commonly becomes more severe as the time passes and eventually surgery becomes the only valid option. If you fail to address all the factors that causes your
you will suffer when you get older.
is developed by many females during their pregnancy period. Although, this criterion (of being pregnant), is not absolutely necessary. During pregnancy, severe pressure is put on the back and thus the sciatic nerve. This trends to cause discomfort in the backside, such as backache. If someone has a history of damaging the discs in the spinal chord, this can also lead to sciatic pains. The tissues that surround the nerve tend to undergo inflammation and a direct pressure is put on the sciatic nerve. A good example of this would be a case in which a disc slips out of its initial position and as a result tends to compress the sciatic nerve. As it is, pregnancy makes women more and more na??ve to a disc injury, and thus, the relationship is pretty evident.
The techniques necessary to solve the
problems and the lower back pain are easy to use, quick to apply, takes almost no time and ca be used daily and compared to back pains this surely won?t rule your life.
Still curious about sciatica? Want to know more details on
Pregnancy? Visit http://www.treat
See, these very simple, painless and quick ways to evade the sciatica pain by keeping your pelvis and joints in a good shape.
Learn more about the various
pain relief methods. Discover what are the best physical therapy for sciatica.
Learn More about
Natural Sciatica Back Pain Treatments
Back Pain Relief Using The DRX9000 - No Inversion Table Hang Ups Here
Have you ever had to endure -- even for just a few moments -- a nagging and often excruciating pain running along the side of your leg? Then you may be feeling the effects of sciatica, typically a compression of the sciatic nerve fibers which runs from the lumbar region, through the sciatic foramen, and vertically into the back of the thigh and down your legs towards your feet. ...
Top 5 Tips to Treat and Prevent Sciatica
Many people think of sciatica, symptoms of which include pain down the leg, some numbness and weakness of the limbs as just another case of lower back pain and believe that with sufficient rest, the pain will go away. However, sciatica is a little more serious than that. Occasionally, the sciatic nerve roots - which start at the base of the spine and stretch all the way to the feet through the...
Diagnosing Sciatica Is A Complex Procedure
What are the causes behind the pain of sciatica? Sciatica is usually associated with compression of the sciatic nerve due to a slipped or a herniated disc. A degenerative disc disease is a condition that is brought about by the ageing process. The sciatic nerve is sometimes pinched by the piriformis muscle that is located deep in the buttocks. Sciatic pain can also be caused by conditions...
Cure sciatica naturally
The largest bone in ones body-the sciatic nerve has a tendency to be a bit uncomforting and can cause a great amount of pain in ones buttocks. The pain that occurs in the sciatic nerve that affects the buttocks and goes down to the knees is known as sciatica. In this case it is quite natural that the pain is felt especially in one of the parts of the hip. This kind of a pain can occur...
Exercises For Sciatica
Before we look at a few exercises for sciatica it is important to understand what sciatica is. Often misused and not clearly defined, sciatica is not a diagnosis in itself but in actuality sciatica is a set of symptoms being caused by another medical issue, most often a slipped or herniated disk. The term sciatica refers to the pain caused when one ore more of the nerves exiting the lower spine...
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Free online lectures: Explore a world of ideas
Opened on the Boston Waterfront in 1969, the New England Aquarium is one of the world's first modern aquariums. Visitors can explore the ocean and visit thousands of marine animals in three levels of world-class exhibits. Combining education, entertainment and action to address the most challenging problems facing the ocean, the New England Aquarium aims to create a new generation of ocean stewards. Since 1972, the Aquarium has been providing free lectures and films by scientists, environmental writers, photographers and many more. Through the generosity of the Lowell Institute, the Aquarium Lecture Series is free and open to the public. Registration is requested and all programs start at 7 p.m. in the Aquarium's Simons IMAX Theatre, unless otherwise noted. Programs last approximately one hour. For more information or to join our mailing list, visit: www.neaq.org/aquariumlectures
10.29.2015 (58:43)
A Case Study of Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade: The 2015 Philippine Turtle Crisis
9.24.2015 (2:35)
The Narrow Edge: A Tiny Bird, an Ancient Crab and an Epic Journey
8.13.2015 (1:07:24)
Living Fossil and Blue Blood: the Horseshoe Crab and Human Health
7.30.2015 (58:33)
Helping Endangered Species in Our Backyard
6.4.2015 (00:00)
Notes from the Field: Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay
5.18.2015 (1:06:36)
Where Leatherback Sea Turtles Spend Summer Vacation (and Why It's Important)
5.5.2015 (1:02:09)
Project Puffin: The Improbable Quest to Bring a Beloved Seabird Back to Egg Rock
4.23.2015 (1:25:14)
Luminous Seas: The Photography of Brian Skerry
4.15.2015 (45:52)
Protecting the Ocean's Giants: The Future of Manta Ray Conservation
2.25.2015 (59:48)
The Biomimicry Opportunity: A Panel Discussion
10.16.2014 (1:07:14)
Peter Molnar: A Story of Climate and Life
6.3.2014 (42:07)
Robinson Fulweiler: The Immortal Life of Nitrogen
5.28.2014 (1:08:18)
John Mandelman: Solving a Cod-undrum
5.20.2014 (58:37)
Jennifer Jacquet: Why Consumers Alone Can't Save Our Fish
5.13.2014 (55:30)
Jenny Montague: There Will Be Blood
5.6.2014 (1:09:31)
Shark Research Confessions: Introductions and Adventures in the Field with New England Shark Experts


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Squirrels don't always remember where they have hidden all their nuts. Every autumn, the tree squirrel gathers and hides acorns and other nuts. It knows that food will be hard to find during the winter months. It buries small stores of nuts in many different places.
That way, if other animals find and eat some, the squirrel will have others. The squirrel depends on a keen sense of smell to help it relocate the hidden stores. Yet many of the nuts are forgotten or abandoned by the squirrel. Then the nuts may take root and grow into new nut trees.–Dick Rogers


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This weekend is the kickoff of Go RVing's partnerships with the NFL Network and CBS Sports to bring the Go RVing message into the livingrooms of thousands of NFL and college football fans.
Recognizing that RV tailgating is integral to the football experience, both networks will focus on how tailgating enhances the gameday environment, according to a news release.
The NFL Network custom vignette will make its premiere showing on Sunday, Oct. 21, during Game Day Morning, 9 a.m. -1 p.m. EST. The 30-second spot opens with, "Away is the sight of your team's colors that makes the parking lot feel like home," while viewers watch fan tailgating footage shot earlier this season. The vignette will continue to run weekly during Game Day Morning, adjacent to Go RVing brand spots, through October. The NFL Network reaches 68 million households.
Following on its heels, the CBS Sports' Go RVing College Football Tailgating Traditions series will air the first of six one-minute custom vignettes on Tuesday, Oct. 23, within its Inside College Football program. The tailgating series was shot at six Southeastern Conference (SEC) games where fans are passionate tailgaters and shows how an RV enhances the pre and post-game camaraderie. The Go RVing series will air during Inside College Football and the SEC Studio Show throughout the season.
In addition to the vignettes, the first half of live SEC football games feature Go RVing Road Trip Facts where an animated RV drives on screen to deliver three trivia facts about the college, stadium or tailgate experience for each week's matchup. CBS Sports has created a dedicated microsite within their website to house the Road Trip Factsfrom each game as well as the custom vignettes once they air. You can log into the website at http://www.cbssportsnetwork.com/gorving. Revisit weekly to see the newest vignettes and in-show trip facts.