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With Thanksgiving a little over a week away, most of us are still fleshing out the menu.
Plus, there are all of the December events to think of.
Either way, a vegetable gratin is something to keep in mind. For one thing, a gratin can usually be prepared earlier, then baked just before serving. No fuss, no last-minute mussing with delicate vegetable concoctions.
Besides, anyone who's experienced a gratin becomes an instant fan, in large part because of the intensely flavored, crunchy top.
"Gratin" literally means crust in French. Most often, the crust is formed by a top layering of cheese, breadcrumbs or a combination of both that has browned during the baking process.
That prized golden brown crusty coating that forms atop a casserole of macaroni and cheese, for example, is about as gratin as you can get. But its cause is pure chemistry.
French scientist L.C. Maillard was the first to describe the browning phenomena in 1912.
Ever since, it's referred to as "Maillard browning" and refers to a complex reaction that takes place between certain sugars and proteins when heat is applied.
But in a nutshell, richer flavor ensues — as does rude behavior among diners angling for an extra spoonful of that fabulous coating atop your broccoli gratin. Everything from baked goods to fried foods and roasts benefit from Maillard browning.
You'll find that recipes for vegetable gratins cover a wide range of preparations. Vegetables that render a large amount of water such as spinach and other leaf vegetables, may be gratineed without much extra liquid, if any. However, vegetables with less moisture need additional liquid.
One traditional method is to spread a bottom layer of milk-soaked stale bread in the bottom of your baking dish. Spread the vegetables over this, then top with more of the bread and milk mixture. The lower layer of bread provides a steamy environment for the vegetables to cook without drying out, while the upper bread dries and browns to a delectable topping.
Cream, cheese, or cream/cheese/egg combinations are additional ways to maintain a moist interior and still produce that lovely golden top.
So without further ado, here are a few of my favorites. They'll hold quite nicely once they're removed from the oven.
David Martin, former executive chef of Portland's In Good Taste Cooking School developed this wonderful dish. Caramelized onions, sweet butternut squash and nutty Gruyere make this a divinely rich and savory side dish (or even entree).
Butternut squash and Yukon gold gratin with gruyere cheese
2tablespoons unsalted butter
4cups thinly sliced onions (about 1 pound)
1 1/4pounds butternut squash, peeled, seeded and cut into 1/4-inch slices
1 1/4pounds Yukon Gold potatoes, peeled and cut into 1/4-inch slices
1cup half-and-half
1teaspoon salt
1/2teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
2cups fresh bread crumbs made from sourdough bread
8ounces shredded Gruyere cheese (about 2 cups, packed)
1 1/2tablespoons chopped sage
Butter a 9-by-13-inch baking dish. In a large, heavy skillet, melt butter over medium-high heat. Add onions and saute until onions are deeply caramelized, about 20 to 30 minutes.
Meanwhile, preheat oven to 350 degrees.
Lay alternating layers of squash and potatoes in prepared baking dish. Layer onions on top. Mix half-and-half, salt and pepper, and pour over onions. Cover tightly with foil and bake for 90 minutes.
Increase oven temperature to 400 degrees. In a medium bowl, mix bread crumbs, cheese, and sage. Sprinkle over gratin. Bake uncovered until top is golden brown and crisp, about 30 minutes.
Recipe from "The Oregonian Cookbook — Best recipes from FOODday," edited by Katherine Miller.
Spicy mushroom and feta cheese gratin
1pound fresh mushrooms, sliced
2tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
2tablespoons butter (if avoiding butter, substitute 2 additional tablespoons olive oil)
1tablespoon Worcestershire sauce (more to taste)
About 1/4 teaspoon Tabasco sauce
2tablespoons balsamic vinegar
Salt and white pepper to taste
8ounces traditional feta cheese, drained and crumbled
8ounces shredded extra-sharp Cheddar (I use Tillamook)
1/3cup grated Parmesan cheese
2cups half &half
Scant 1/2 teaspoon salt
Pinch of white pepper
In a very large skillet, saute the mushrooms in the olive oil over medium-high heat until the mushrooms have released their liquid, then continue cooking until the liquid has reduced and the mushrooms are getting very golden brown, shaking and stirring them so that they all get evenly cooked.
Drizzle on the Worcestershire sauce and Tabasco and continue stirring, scraping, and sauteeing until the Worcestershire sauce has been reduced and the mushrooms are even more golden. Add the balsamic vinegar and continue to saute and stir until the vinegar has reduced and the mushrooms are very brown. Sprinkle with salt and freshly ground pepper.
Spread the sauteed mushrooms over the bottom of an 11-by-17-inch baking pan. This will only make a shallow layer. Sprinkle on the feta cheese, shredded Cheddar, and Parmesan. With your fingers, toss some of the mushrooms with the cheese, so portions of the cheeses are snuggled down within and beneath the mushroom layer.
In a bowl, whisk together the eggs, half and half, salt and pepper. Ladle enough of this custard mixture over the mushrooms &cheese so that it evenly covers them, with pieces of mushroom and cheese poking out the top (in other words, don't completely cover the mushrooms with the custard — you may have some custard left over).
You may prepare the gratin up to this point and refrigerate for up to 24 hours.
Bake the mixture in a 400 degree oven until the top is golden and the custard tests firm when pressed with your finger, about 25 to 30 minutes. Remove from oven.
For an upscaled presentation, consider the garnishing suggestion at the end of the recipe. Or cook it in your prettiest casserole dish or copper pan.
Makes 8 to 10 servings.
Spinach and rice gratin with sun-dried tomatoes
1cup double strength chicken broth (such as Campbell's), undiluted
1/2cup medium grain rice
3tablespoons olive oil (preferably drained from sundried tomatoes)
1cup chopped yellow onion
1/3cup chopped sun-dried tomatoes (about 15 dried tomatoes)
2(10 ounce) packages frozen chopped spinach, thawed, with the liquid squeezed out
1cup milk
1/2cup sour cream
3/4teaspoon salt, or to taste
2cups shredded Swiss cheese
Tomato/basil garnish (optional)
In small medium saucepan, bring chicken broth and rice to a boil. Cover, reduce heat to low and simmer for 10 minutes; remove from heat (rice will still be slightly firm and a little "soupy"). Scrape the mixture into a large mixing bowl and set aside.
In skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add onion and saute until onion is soft and transparent, about 15 minutes. Scrape the onions and oil into the bowl with the rice, add chopped tomatoes and spinach and mix well.
In small bowl, combine sour cream, eggs, milk and salt. Blend well, then stir into the spinach mixture. Finally, stir in the shredded cheese, then scrape the mixture into a shallow, lightly greased 1 1/2 -quart casserole dish, or 11-by-17-inch baking pan. Gratin may be prepared to this point and refrigerated for several hours.
Bake in 400 degree oven until thoroughly cooked and lightly golden on top. Remove and serve. Yields 8 to 10 generous servings.
Gratin of broccoli with salami and onion topping
1 1/2pounds fresh broccoli, peeled and chopped to measure 6 cups
1 1/2cups shredded Mozzarella cheese
1 1/2cups chopped yellow onion
2tablespoons butter or margarine
2/3cup thinly sliced and chopped salami (3 ounces)
1/4cup dry bread crumbs
1/2cup light cream
1/4teaspoon salt
Freshly ground black pepper
2tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
Drop the broccoli into large pot of lightly salted water, and as soon as the water returns to a boil, remove from heat, drain quickly then plunge the broccoli into a big pot of cold to stop the cooking and set the color; drain well. Arrange the blanched broccoli in bottom of lightly oiled 11-by-17-inch shallow dish. Sprinkle with the shredded Mozzarella cheese; set aside.
Over medium heat, saute the onion in the butter or margarine until barely soft and transparent, about 10 minutes. Add salami and continue to saute for about 5 minutes. Remove from heat and stir in 2 tablespoons of the breadcrumbs. Sprinkle this mixture over the broccoli. Combine the light cream, egg, salt and black pepper and drizzle over the broccoli (note: This will not completely cover all of the vegetables, but will create occasional pockets of custard in the finished gratin.). Sprinkle the onion and salami mixture on top of the broccoli. Combine the remaining 2 tablespoons of breadcrumbs with the Parmesan cheese and sprinkle over the top of the casserole. Gratin may be prepared to this point several hours ahead. Bake in 375 degree oven about 20 minutes, or until hot and bubbly. Brown under the broiler for a moment until the top is golden.
Yields 8 to 10 servings.
Jan Roberts-Dominguez is a Corvallis, Ore., food writer, artist, and author of "Oregon Hazelnut Country, the Food, the Drink, the Spirit," and four other cookbooks. Readers can contact her by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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For Germans, need for speed clashes with eco-friendly ideals
BERLIN — Germans may spend millions on solar panels, be champions of recycling and plan a dramatic exit out of nuclear power in favor of green energy, but don't ask residents of this automobile-loving nation to stop roaring down the Autobahn in powerful, gas-guzzling cars.
"Every country has its quirks and for Germany that's cars," said Jos Dings, director of Transport and Environment, a European organization promoting sustainable transport. "Germany is increasingly the last bastion where the car is a symbol of macho culture."
Birthplace to some of the world's biggest luxury car brands such as Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche and BMW, the average horsepower for new cars increased again in the first few months of this year to 141, according to a study published by the CAR-Center Automotive Research at the University of Duisburg-Essen this week. Last year, the average horsepower for new cars was 138 and in 1995 it was "just" 95.
Speed goes hand in hand with those big engines, propelling drivers down the country's famous Autobahns at speeds of more than 120 mph. Analysts say introducing speed limits on those fast lanes would reduce emissions, but Germans say such a move would be political suicide for any lawmaker brazen enough to try.
"It's considered part of individual freedom, the entitlement to drive as fast as you want to at least on segments of the Autobahn," said Max Gruenig, a research fellow at the Ecologic Institute, an environmental think tank in Berlin. "If you are a politician you don't want to campaign on this issue."
But the issue still needs to be tackled at some point because of EU laws on emissions, which Germany has to follow, that set a 40% reduction target for cars by 2021 over 2007 levels.
In an effort to meet those conditions, the German government is pushing to have 1 million electric or hybrid vehicles on German roads by 2020. The problem is — even with incentives such as free parking in cities being mulled for drivers of such autos — most people here don't want them. And many agree the country won't hit those ambitious targets because just 100,000 out of 43 million cars on German roads currently have fully electric or hybrid engines.
Even so, German business magazine WirtschaftsWoche and McKinsey, a consulting firm, rank Germany alongside Japan and the U.S. as one of the world's leading producers of electric vehicles. They project Germany to be producing 440,000 annually in five years, just behind Japan, but ahead of China and the U.S.
For their part, German carmakers say efficiency and sustainability are top priorities when it comes to the premium car sector. The country's automakers are among the most innovative in the world when it comes to clean diesel and gas use, and middle- and top-class cars have reached fuel consumption levels previously aimed for only in compact cars, said Matthias Wissmann, president of German Association of the Automotive Industry.
"The aim is not always smaller, but always lighter and more efficient," Wissmann said. "The German automotive industry will invest 10 to 12 billion euros ($13.5 billion to $16 billion) alone in the next three to four years in alternative engines — that's 40% of all research and development investment."
But transportation experts say the carmakers are not doing enough, fast enough. Big luxury, gas-guzzling cars are a problem – small, light cars produce fewer emissions and are better for the environment. But Germany's car manufacturers see bigger returns on bigger cars.
"The car industry makes a lot of money with these big, heavy cars," said Jens Hilgenberg, transportation analyst at environment group, Friends of the Earth Germany. "We need to make cars that are more economical when it comes to diesel and gas usage."
Until the technology catches up, Germans seem intent on maintaining their high speeds, enjoying the open roads and relishing the roar of a finely tuned engine.
"I don't put much stock in introducing speed limits (on the Autobahn)," said John Gottwald, 59, as he sat in his taxi — a Mercedes. "I find it enjoyable to drive fast. Anyway, cars are getting more and more environmentally friendly."

subset: commoncrawl


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|Up a level
Shriram, Varsha and Jahagirdar, Sheetal and Latha, C and Kumar, Vinay and Puranik, Vedavati and Rojatkar, Supada and Dhakephalkar, Prashant K and Shitole, MG (2008) A potential plasmid-curing agent, 8-epidiosbulbin E acetate, from Dioscorea bulbifera L. against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 32 (5). pp. 405-410.


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Shop for a New Hyundai Accent, Elantra, Sonata, Tucson & More
When you are looking for a safe, capable, reliable ride, we have a Hyundai here with your name on it. At Team Hyundai, we have a wide variety of the finest new Hyundai models on the market. Whether you are looking for a new Hyundai Accent to get you around Mechanicsville, or a Hyundai Elantra to cruise through California, we have just the thing.
Drivers around the world know that Hyundai promises a great way to get around. With their wide selection of sedans, hatchbacks, and SUVs such as the Hyundai Sonata and Hyundai Tucson, Hyundai makes something for everyone. At Team Hyundai, we know that we have your dream car on our lot, and we will help you find it. Not sure which Hyundai model is best for you? Don't worry. Our team of auto experts knows their way around everything with four wheels. They will work with your automotive wants, needs, and budget to help you drive home to Lusby in your new Hyundai vehicle. We know that with a brand like Hyundai, the choices can be a bit overwhelming. We are happy to help you find the capable, reliable Hyundai model that will last you for many years to come.
If one of our Hyundai models catches your eye, let us know. Just get in touch with one of our auto experts, and we will help you begin the next step. After all, looking at a car online is one thing, but it can't compare to getting behind the wheel and taking it for a spin. Give us a call at (877) 460-0692 to schedule a test drive, or come pay us a visit here in Lexington Park, MD to set one up in person. Come experience the Hyundai difference firsthand today. We can't wait to meet you.


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English Teacher
Now if you type BrE, AmE, ESL, TEFL, ESOL, etc, you see that there's a dotted underline and if you put the mouse over the word, you can see the phrase in full. Please make suggestion for other teaching/learning acronyms used commonly here.
BrE, AmE, EFL, TEFL, ESL, ESOL, TESL, TESOL & CELTA
(I used Speakers of Other Languages for ESOL/TESOL- I could add Second or Other Language, but it would make it huge. We do have to be careful because it's not case sensitive. Also, too many and it may become intrusive. I wasn't sure whether to include IMO, which I still use.)
Last edited by Tdol; 03-Feb-2011 at 17:21.
Incidentally, are all the abbreviations listed above acronyms? Some of them look dubious.
IMO would be useful - I didn't know what it meant when I arrived.How about ELT and ESP?
fjj, I have added them.
balakrishnanjik, it doesn't actually say that they are all acronyms; it's asking for suggestions.
Last edited by Tdol; 04-Feb-2011 at 07:35.
Last edited by Tdol; 25-Feb-2012 at 12:08.
I'm not a teacher, so please consider any advice I give in that context.
BTW, there are more defined here so you can look up others even if they are not included in this forum feature: Log In - UsingEnglish.com
I'm not a teacher, so please consider any advice I give in that context.
I've added BTW but don't want to go overboard on that sort.


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The most problems that come from headers is the following error:
This error occurs when some type of data (usually an echo'd statement) is sent before you try to redirect someone. To fix it, you just need to move the redirection header up to the top of your page (around where session_start() should be if you're using it).
Other errors for headers occur when you are trying to force download things, or open images. you need to make sure you're using the correct type of header (IE: location, image/jpeg).
certain errors include sessions not holding information (the fix is usually that session_start() does not exist at the top of the page), or errors popping up (meaning session_start is not at the top of the page. it needs to be set before anything is echo'd to the page).
MySQL errors are usually very common. Following are the most common errors:
(MIN(),MAX(),COUNT(),...) with no GROUP columns is illegal if there is no GROUP BY clause
this error occurs when you're using certain functions (such as COUNT), and not having a group by at the end. Basically it is telling you that MySQL doesn't know WHAT to count.
This message usually indicates too many connections, and can be fixed by either increasing the amount of concurrent connections your DB can handle, but can usually be fixed by using mysql_close.
The above error is usually indicative of you either messing up the query that mysql_fetch_array points to, or not pointing to a query, or even that the variable you used (possibly $sql or $result) does not hold a query.
If MySQL returns 1 row less then it should (and you're positive your query is perfect), it's possible that you called something such as mysql_fetch_array or mysql_fetch_assoc once (or more) before you called it in the while loop. Remember that each call moves the pointer ahead by 1 result.
echo errors usually occur when you do not escape certain characters, such as in the following quote:
it will probably end either a white page, or a message such as :
the most common error for these is flawed logic. in the following statement, the if will never be activated, always leading to the else:
<?php if($i > 1){ echo "Activated"; } else { echo "Not Activated"; } ?>
The error is that $i is never set to anything. Another error is caused by being too strict:
<?php $i = 3; if($i > 2 && $i < 3) { echo "Activated"; } ?>
Since you are too strict (IE: the variable $i needs to be between 2.000~1 to 2.99999~, it will never be activated.
Elseif are the EXACT same as if statements. however in an if/elseif/else statement, only 1 of them are activated. this means that if the IF statement is True, even if the elseif statement is true, it will NOT be activated. If you want to activate 2 of them, use 2 if statements.
Other common errors include missing Semicolons (;) at the end of a statement as below:
echo "Hello World" echo "There's a php error in here."
Depending on the server information, you'll either end up with a white page or an error message.
- Buy or Install a free trial of an IDE (Integrated Development Environment). It highlights any PHP syntax errors, and tells you what the error is. I would reccomend NuSphere PhpED
- Read the DIC Tutorials. They're very helpful and usually very informative.
- If you're going to ask DIC for help, Please don't be impatient, and make sure to tell us what is wrong. We're not going to go through your entire script just to help you unless you'retrying to help yourself as well.
- although many of us here are good at PHP or other coding languages, this does not mean we know what you're talking about. I, for one, do not know things such as Smarty or XamPP, or Apache or any of them.
- Have Fun. Help other people. If someone has helped you, chances are the time will come when you can help them back. All of us usually overlook some simple errors (I for one have been known to mess up some simple things, such as += and .= in PHP (which probably results from me learning like 5 languages at a time))
Feel free to post any revisions or elements this could use. I'm hoping to be able to make a thread where someone can look up a common problem and fi it by themselves.


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Kerry Washington Red Carpet Pictures 2013
Kerry Washington's Year of Scandalously Good Style
Kerry Washington's Year of Scandalously Good Style
You'd be hard-pressed to name someone who had a more stylish year than Kerry Washington. Her celebrated role as Olivia Pope on Scandal has captured audiences as much for the character's style as for Kerry's acting talent, and she's brought a sense of glamour to red carpets around the world. It's why she was named the best dressed woman of the year by People magazine.
With every event, she's delivered killer look after killer look from labels like Miu Miu, Lanvin, Rodarte, and Oscar de la Renta. And we can't wait to see what the mom-to-be wears next. Click through to see Washington's best looks from 2013.
— Additional reporting by Hannah Weil and Justin Fenner


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Fox Cities Campus
Campus Life
Contact Us
Student Affairs Solution Center
(920) 832-2620
(920) 832-2672
Tutoring Services
(920) 832-2867
Christina Marty
Photo Opt-Out
UW Oshkosh may at times use photographs, audio, and/or video recordings of employees and students for purposes of education, publicity, and student recruitment on behalf of the university, via the Internet, print publications, and other media.
Opt-Out Form
Should an employee or student (or the parents or guardians of such persons who are under the age 18) NOT want to be photographed or recorded, or have their name or biographical information used in connection with any such recording, they must submit a completed Photo Opt-Out Form to the Office of Students Affairs/Solution Center.
Individuals who submit a completed Photo Opt-Out Form are also responsible for removing themselves from areas in which photography and/or recording is taking place, or notifying the camera operator of their opt-out status. Failure to do so may result in that individual's inclusion in a photograph or recording and will be treated as consent for the university to utilize that photograph or recording accordingly.
Public Spaces & Events
Please be advised that images and videos taken in public spaces and/or at public events do not require authorization for publication. Your presence in or around college facilities and/or properties, as well as at off-campus university-sponsored events, constitutes your consent to the capture and/or use of your image and/or voice by UW Colleges and waives any claims or rights, whether in law or in equity.
When a completed Photo Opt-Out Form is on file, the university will make every effort to honor that individual's Opt-Out status, even in public spaces or at public events.


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Tuesday, July 21, 2009
Find me over at www.arikhanson.com
Thursday, May 14, 2009
A happy ending to this Tweet-a-thon story
While I know Sonny is still looking (and getting closer) for a new gig, I'm happy to report that Scott has some fantastic news to share with you all--the folks that played such a crucial role in this powerful story. Before I blurt it out myself, I'll let Scott take the stage...
"Jerry Maguire, my agent. You're my ambassador of Quan."
Arik Hanson is MY ambassador of Quan.
Just one month ago, Arik called on you, his readers, to join him in Tweeting me into a new gig. And you responded. In overwhelming, breath-taking, faith-affirming fashion, you responded. Hundreds of retweets. Dozens of leads. Countless inquiries. And momentum.
It seems only fitting that I would circle back to Arik's blog to announce that my free agency. This week I joined Ritz Marketing in Charlotte to lead their social media and emerging media team.
I'm excited to join one of Charlotte's top five agencies. Ritz Marketing clients include the Detroit Area Honda Dealers Association, Penske Automotive Group's Central Zone Division, McAlister's Deli's largest franchisee, and dozens of others.
My role at Ritz Marketing will be part teacher, part navigator, part point guard and part devil's advocate. Many of the questions we've debated on the Media Emerging blog are questions Ritz Marketing clients are asking. My advice to them will be to adhere to the wisdom of Dicky Fox: "The key to this business is personal relationships."
Which brings me to you.
You, the generous members of Arik's community who had my back when I was looking for my feet.
You, the PR, marketing and social media groundbreakers who teach me something new every day.
You, the forward-thinkers who are coaxing, prodding and leading your companies toward the future of communication.
Thank you for your support, guidance, leads, offers, and generosity. Though we may yet be strangers, you treated me as a brother, and for that, my door is always open to you.
If you're headed to BlogPotomac, find me. Let's connect. You'll find me with my agent, Arik Hanson.
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Why customer experience is still word-of-mouth's best friend
As you may know, I spent a few days this past weekend down in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Of course, we spent a fair amount of time lying on the beach. But one of our favorite activities while we're on St. John (our favorite island, in case you're wondering) is Woody's "World-Famous" Happy Hour. Yes, world famous.
Quite simply, it's been a staple of all our trips to St. John. And we tell anybody who will listen to go there, too.
Why do we refer so many folk to this hole-in-the-wall bar? We have yet to have a bad experience. In fact, it's often the most fun we have on our trips. We sit at the bar, chatting with the bartenders and locals. Wait staff pass us shot glasses with tastes of their frozen concoctions. And they pump in great music throughout happy hour. The place just has a vibe. For us, it's all about the unique experience Woody's offers. Heck, I even bought a t-shirt (the true sign of an exceptional experience).
Keep in mind, Woody's isn't on Twitter. They don't have a Facebook page. They haven't presented me with any marketing materials. And I haven't talked to a single salesperson or PR rep (although I do try to chat with one of the owners when I'm there).
What's the lesson for brands here? It's all about the experience. Without an exceptional experience, all the social media, PR and marketing efforts in the world won't mean a thing.
Now, should Woody's be engaging me to further their brand? Probably. Wouldn't take much really. But, I'm guessing in this case, they're probably not looking to open up multiple branches across the Caribbean. Regardless, they've developed a unique product and service that promotes itself. There's something to be learned from that simple fact.
Enough about Woody's--what's your organization doing to create exceptional products and services for your customers?
Tuesday, May 12, 2009
Shhh…I'm going to let you in on a secret
Now, I want to be clear that I'm not saying that all the wonderful PR people I know aren't talented, brilliant, and dedicated professionals in the truest sense of the word. But when it comes down to it, our goals often rely on taking a message (from our employer, a client, our own) and finding a way to connect it to an audience that we want to reach and engage. Not rocket science.
I wish it were a magic formula that only a few people had cracked and I was a member of that exclusive club, but much of what we try to do boils down to understanding the workings of the amazing human brain. PR people need to spend time understanding what motivates people to take the action we want or need them to take. The challenge (and this is where we can actually add a lot of value and earn our keep) is to get past yourself and your organizations' collective thoughts of "this is the greatest piece of news ever- everyone will want to know this" and move to a view of your audience who is thinking "why in the world do I need this info and how does it fit in my life?"
There's a simple tip that I learned from a great mentor—"So what." That's it, from the audience perspective I want to be able to give them a good answer when they ask "so what." I need to deliver the important part of my communications in a clear, simple manner that gives them a personal answer to that question and gives them a motivation to spend their time and remain connected with what I'm saying.
Now, in an era of more communication channels than ever before, how does this concept change? Not that much. When looking at how to engage customers or supporters via social media or Web 2.0 the concept remains the same though the method of engagement changes dramatically as we have a chance to connect more directly with our audience in real-time. Before creating a massive SM campaign that hinges on a new promotion, adding dedicated SM staff, or building a new Web site with enhanced functionality think first about how you can add value to your audience.
Think about some basics that drive behavior:
· What does your audience already know?
What is their experience which will shape how they interpret your message? Think about things like history with your brand/competitors as well as regional or cultural elements.
· What do you want them to do?
You'd better get this sorted out in a very clear way before engaging in the SM space. Failures in this area can be found everywhere....like when you see five updates a day from someone on Twitter that only includes when they got up and what they've eaten all day. If this is the best you can do, please don't. You'll only hurt your reputation if you hop online and haven't thought this question through and figured out how you can actually provide people with a way to engage in a manner that's good for them and drives your goals.
· How is it personal to them?
Put yourself in their shoes and answer my favorite question: So what? Run your information through this screen and see if you have a good answer to what you're adding in their lives. This element is especially true in the social media space. The most successful individuals and organizations online get this point and focus on it consistently. The advances in social media aren't realized by just pushing content out in one more channel but by adding value to people online in an honest way right where they're at in their lives. It's the potential for personal connections that make SM so valuable. However, you need to realize that it can't just be about your info but rather what about your interests matches those of your audience.
If you'd ever like to talk more about the simple premise of communications (the devil is always in the details) just let me know. I would love to hear from you. It isn't rocket science but it sure can be fun.
Monday, May 11, 2009
Before Participation, Build a Foundation
No matter what your objective, keep in mind that participating with social tools is an ongoing and holistic strategy in itself, effecting multiple communication channels and disciplines within an organization.
Therefore, the foundation for participation needs to be built before tactical use is proposed. It's important to step back, lay the groundwork and, for example:
1) Collaborate across internal and external disciplines to review the business goals and build a plan for a 360 approach
2) Set monitoring processes to listen to relevant conversations and discover influencers
3) Review how various stakeholders are using applications and determine which channels have potential for the greatest impact
4) Develop a plan for engaging and informative participation
5) Incorporate measures for continuous evaluation and refinement
A sound strategy for participation will ultimately enable exceptional execution. How will you build a foundation for your next communications plan?
Arik, thanks for inviting me to guest post. I had a blast "holding down the fort" and hope you had a wonderful vacation. @jillianf
Friday, May 8, 2009
Does Community lead to Commerce?
Image by jtyerse via FlickrBefore Arik departed for turquoise waters, he posted "Is Social Media Really About Me?" Consensus from comments to that post in my rough observation revolved around sharing, collaboration and making connections. We can all agree that some ego is likely involved. Right?
For me, it is affirming when I get retweeted, @replies, or blog comments. It feels great to think that a post I have written compels someone to take time to respond – even in disagreement. I like feeling the connection. I am uplifted by feeling I participated in a conversation that taught me and others something new.
Unfortunately, most businesses need to believe something more valuable than an ego boost or "good collaboration" is on the other side of a journey into social media participation. The famous ROI question keeps getting raised one way or another. I usually run in to this question from business leaders who are still trying to understand online social spaces and their place, if any, within the operations of their organization. I heard it this week:
"How do we monetize Twitter?"
"How can we make money using social media? Nobody seems able to answer that."
This feels like one of the most frequent questions asked with the widest range of answers. What is the ROI in social media? To me, the answer is in the verbiage. "How can we make money USING social media?" "Using" needs to be replaced with "participating."
Businesses have used mass media. They use accountants. They use raw materials. Social media is not for use. It is for participation. Commerce, as a motivation for community, can easily lead to contrived interaction, superficial relationships and limited desire for customers and employees to engage.
I am driven to explain to these organization leaders that authentic/human participation in social media leads to real relationships, passionate employees, and engaged customers. Lack of participation, strategy, and tactics lead to issues like the recent Domino's debacle on YouTube or a loss of connection with the millions of consumers/employees who have come to expect a more personal relationship with brands.
In which camp do you fall? Should social media participation and engagement be measured against expenses and sales? Are you one that believes social media can be statistically judged?
Or are you of the belief that participation is about relationships, connections, collaboration, and sharing?
Can it be both?
Thanks you, Arik, for inviting me to guest post. It is an honor to try and fill in for you. I hope your readers enjoy the post. Cheers, All. @camgross
Thursday, May 7, 2009
What's old is new again
Let me begin with a ray of hope.


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Dimensions: D 16 x H 79
Cierre's quality design has always been in craftsman's workshop. Although nowadays production methods in Italian sofa creation have changed, these basic principles are still relevant in Cierre's furniture production. Known mainly for its creations in leather, Cierre's style and quality surpass that of many of its competitors. Following the idea of combining elegance with high quality, arts with technique, Cierre designs all their products as icons of contemporary life.


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As promised, German artist Hans-Peter Feldmann and Guggenheim's Hugo Boss Award winner has turned his $100,000 prize into 100,000 used dollar bills and had them pinned tightly together on the walls and columns of the museum's second floor gallery. When asked if he wished the work was permanent, Feldmann said "No way! I want the money."
Guards are keeping a vigilant eye on the fluttering greenery, lest some little art thief tries to yoink a money leaf. Tempting, isn't it? (Photos: David Heald/ Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation via Collossal)


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Inefficient market(redirected from Market inefficiency)
Inefficient Market
A market where prices do not always reflect available information as accurately as possible. Inefficient markets may result from a lag in information transferring to one place to another, deliberate withholding of information by an insider, or other reasons. Inefficient markets give rise to arbitrage opportunities. Most analysts believe that no market is perfectly efficient and that some inefficiency is inevitable. See also: Efficient Markets Hypothesis.
Inefficient market.
In an inefficient market, investors may not have enough information about the securities in that market to make informed decisions about what to buy or the price to pay.
Markets in emerging nations may be inefficient, since securities laws may not require issuing companies to disclose relevant information. In addition, few analysts follow the securities being traded there.
Similarly, there can be inefficient markets for stocks in new companies, particularly for new companies in new industries that aren't widely analyzed.
An inefficient market is the opposite of an efficient one, where enormous amounts of information are available for investors who choose to use it.


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Do you like to dance or would you like to learn more about computers? How about learn how to frame pictures? Here at the J.K. Lewis Senior Center we offer it all. We would love to see you in one of our many classes or socializing with your friends at one of our weekly dances. Please stop by.
Read what Linnie Neely, a member of the Lewis Senior Center says about coming here. She is the 35th Birthday Celebration Poetry Winner. Read her poem (pdf)
View Lewis Photo Gallery
Facility Amenities
Activities and Programs
Leisure Activities


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A new video released Tuesday by Al-Qaida top officials designed to mark the eighth anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks predicted President Obama's fall at the hands of the organization and celebrated the progress of jihadist movements across the globe.
"God willing, your end will be at the hands of the Muslim nation," Al-Qaida second in command Ayman al-Zawahri said in the video, released in two parts to various Al-Qaida affiliated Web sites Tuesday.
The 106-minute long video was similar to previous releases by the organization, most of which have lauded Al-Qaida's progress in the United States and elsewhere.
U.S. & World
Get more: MSNBC
Copyright AP - Associated Press


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Steve McLendon ready to fill Hampton's big shoes
McLendon becomes new big man in middle of Steelers defense
Steve McLendon always believed his moment would arrive. An undrafted rookie desperate to catch on with the Steelers as a practice squad player four years ago, this burly nose tackle had faith he would one day be the big man in the middle of Pittsburgh's 3-4 defense.
"You don't come out here just to be a secondary guy," McLendon said. "You come out here to be the greatest. That's how I look at it."
Now he'll get his chance.
McLendon will inherit the space left by his departing mentors, Chris Hoke, who retired in 2011 due to an injury, and five-time Pro Bowler Casey Hampton, an unrestricted free agent. While the 27-year-old admits he's a different player than the longtime fixtures in one of the league's most close knit locker rooms, that doesn't mean he can't be effective.
"The only thing I can do is be the typical Steve McLendon, and if you all would like to know the typical Steve McLendon, then I can tell you," he said with a laugh.
In a perfect world, McLendon would love to combine Hampton's power, Hoke's football smarts and the speed of Dallas Cowboys nose tackle Jay Ratliff.
"I changed my whole way of thinking this year," McLendon said. "I'm no longer saying, 'Good.' I'm saying, 'Great,' because if you speak greatness, then greatness is going to come."
The Steelers, who finished No. 1 in the NFL in total defense and second against the run in 2012, would probably be happy with competitive. McLendon split time with Hampton last season and recorded two sacks. The number of snaps he saw dropped off as the season progressed, leading him to focus on his conditioning in the offseason.
While still listed at 6-foot-4 and 280 pounds, McLendon's upper body looks thicker than ever. The black performance shirt McLendon wore underneath his jersey at organized team activities this week revealed not the massive gut that helped Hampton earn the nickname "Big Snack" but broad shoulders and very little jiggle.
McLendon's evolving role on the field also marks growth off of it. He keeps in close touch with both Hoke and Hampton, talking about life more than football most of the time. Their relationship extends beyond the game, something he views as an important part of building chemistry.
It's a mixture that's significantly altered with Hampton no longer in his familiar spot in the locker room, one that leaves 34-year-old defensive end Brett Keisel as the line's elder statesman.
"It's weird to be the old guy on the block," Keisel said. "I think it's my obligation to help the younger guys the way the older guys helped me when I was young and dumb."
Something Keisel thinks McLendon is not.
"We've seen flashes of him making big plays," Keisel said. "It will be great to see it on a regular basis."
The picture behind McLendon is jumbled. Al Woods and second-year player Alameda Ta'amu will battle for the backup spot. It's a position Ta'amu appeared poised to inherit when Pittsburgh took him in the fourth round of the 2012 draft. Instead he struggled to get in shape then had an ugly run-in with police that ended with him being charged with several felonies and ultimately getting cut.
The Steelers brought Ta'amu back as a practice squad player and he hopes to have put his legal troubles - he was placed on probation - behind him.
"If I would have continued to do stupid stuff, I guess it would have been different," Ta'amu said. "But I have stayed straight since that time, and I've gotten past it with support from my family, my teammates and the Steelers management."
Ta'amu hopes to repay that patience with a more mature approach. He changed his number from No. 65 to No. 74 and spent some time after practice on Wednesday running wind sprints
"You have to do it," Ta'amu said. "Anything extra helps you get better."
That's certainly the goal for Ta'amu, who is eager to live up to the standards set by the players who came before him. That includes avoiding the kind of mistakes that nearly derailed his career.
"I'm certainly ready to put all that behind me and continue to move forward," he said. "I'm trying to do that, and I think I've done a pretty good job so far."


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Commercial, Military, Products, Public Service
By Staff Writer | December 1, 2008
Send Feedback
Dart Helicopter Services (DHS) of Piney Flats, Tenn. has been named as an authorized distributor of Spectrolab's popular line of illumination products. Sylar, Calif.-based Spectrolab, a subsidiary of Boeing, manufactures the Nightsun SX-5, SX-6, SX-16 and XP searchlights used aboard many commercial, military and public service helicopters.
"We're always looking for better ways to serve our customers worldwide," said Greg Campbell, Spectrolab's vice president of illumination products, referring to DHS's 15 locations around the world. "This agreement with Dart expands our reach to benefit existing and new clients."
DHS, along with its subsidiaries Apical Industries, Canam, Geneva Aviation and affiliate DART Aerospace, owns 450 supplemental type certificates and manufactures more than 500 products that it distributes to customers in more than 120 countries.


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You use the internet to make a brilliant marketing out of an extremely bad product.
I will use the internet to make sure that as many people on the planet as possible are aware of my experience.
I will simply state the facts and they can make up their own mind...
I am not saying that your place is bad. I am saying it s bad for the money you are charging people.
As I told you we get this in our tennis club for 250 euros a week not 1,800..
And i totally believed that you wanted to help..Why would you? How do you know me?
But I have now to make sure that honest and realistic tennis parents (with limited tennis budgets) do not fall into the same trap
as i did....
I would not bring my kids back to your place even if it was for free for ever...
In fact I have found the correct place for my children A place that they could offer them whatever they could without exaggerations or lies.
In my previous email i had asked you to return to me half of the money that I spent in your place (which i think is more than fair)
and i will try and forget about my bad experience at your place.
But I am not bothered now. You can keep all the money ...
But I ll promise you one thing.
Every court Im next to when my kids are playing either in Britain or abroad , I will make sure that I share
my experience about your place with as many tennis people as i possibly can.


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GCN Lab Review: Rugged individuals
On call: The G'zOne keeps calls coming, no matter the environment.
IT'S BEEN SEVERAL years since we tested a rugged phone,and the Verizon Wireless G'zOne Boulder kind of took us by surprise.The unit looks stylish, like an expensive sports watch, rather thanthe bulky brick we were expecting.
The G'zOne Boulder is a flip phone not much bigger than atypical phone of the same type.
The Boulder also has a lot of neat features, such as voicedialing for handsfree operation and an electronic compass that canhelp you find your way if you set the unit on the groundhorizontally and let it orient to the Earth's magnetic fieldfor a moment.
In fact, there are a ton of interesting things to do with theG'zOne Boulder, so much so that the menus can get a littleconfusing.
There is even access to the Verizon Wireless V CAST network on which youcan download thousands of songs and video.
One negative thing is that for a phone that puts such a heavyemphasis on multimedia, the internal speaker is poor. I downloadedthe new James Bond theme to give it a listen, but the song broke upwhen I tried to play it louder than about half the phone'svolume and was hard to hear if turned down further.
The phone does work with Bluetooth or regular headsets, whichshould improve audio quality significantly.
In terms of ruggedness, there is nothing to complain about, evenwith the non-military looking design.
The G'zOne Boulder is surprisingly rugged, passing all ofour mil-spec tests for shock, salt fog, humidity andtemperature.
Never did we think the phone would work after two days in thesalt fog chamber or one day in the freezing test chamber or eighthours in the GCN rain forest environment, with its near 100 percenthumidity and 120-degree temperature.
It even survived full immersion in water.
We don't know how many calls you plan to make from thebottom of your favorite lake or river, but you can take it with youon your next swim and have it work just fine when you're backon dry land.
The G'zOne Boulder would be a perfect phone for firstresponders or anyone who needs a rugged cell phone but does notwant to compromise on style or fun.
And both the Verizon Wireless data and voice networks never let us downdespite trips all around the Washington, D.C., area looking forweak signal spots. So maybe that 'Can you hear me now?'guy is onto something.
Verizon Wireless, 800-293-3048,www.verizonwireless.com
About the Author
John Breeden II is a freelance technology writer for GCN.
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Rosetta camera view of Tempel 1 brightness
These animations, composed of images taken by the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera on board ESA's Rosetta spacecraft, shows how the brightness of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 developed after impact.
The separate false-colour images in this sequence from OSIRIS were taken at five-minute intervals around the impact time of 07:52 CEST (05:52 GMT/UT).
Although in the false-colour images (a still seen here at right) the increase in visual brightness is not so obvious, it becomes very clear in the animated surface plot below.
In this second animation, at left, the brightness of image pixels seen by OSIRIS is plotted 'three-dimensionally', i.e. the brighter they are, the higher they are in the plot.
Here a still image shows the first and last image from the animated sequence above.
Using its clear filter, the OSIRIS Narrow Angle also produced a 'light curve' of Comet 9P/Tempel 1. This shows how the comet's intensity varies in time, starting from impact.
The light curve shows that about 30 minutes after impact the brightness of the comet had increased by five times.
After this phase, scientists also noticed that the brightness level fluctuated for about one hour with no overall increase, then seemed to decrease, but much more slowly than the initial increase.
As more data come in from Rosetta, ESA scientists will be able to refine images and results.
For more information:
Gerhard Schwehm, ESA Rosetta Project Scientist
E-mail: gerhard.schwehm @ esa.int


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KhanaPakana.com caught up with Anika recently and here is what Anika has to say about herself, her show and life in general!
With thousands of trusted, authentic and KP community tested radikon (mooli) recipes submitted by home, professional and celebrity cooks across the world - you're sure to find a favorite recipe from our collection. Our recipe section is expanding every week, so visit us often. We welcome your contributions, please upload via myKP or email us with your favorite recipes, and we will post them up to share with others.
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By DAVID GREEN
Morenci Fire Department members offered free smoke detectors at their open house celebration last summer. They got rid of a few.
Now they're taking their effort one step further: a free detector with free installation.
Two house fires with fatalities in the past two years have left firefighters frustrated, knowing there's an absence of smoke detectors in many homes.
There's a sign-up sheet in the fire hall for members to choose an evening when they're able to go out with tools and a ladder and get some detectors hung up.
"We're ready to go with this," said department member Kim Valentine. "And we're not in the business of doing fire inspections. We just want to get some detectors up."
Valentine said the volunteers will answer questions that citizens might have about fire safety, but their goal is to save lives through working smoke detectors.
The department has a list of a few people who have called in the past. Auxiliary member Alice Lonis will assist with scheduling installation appointments. Anyone else interested in free detectors should call the fire department at 458-2301.
The department has about 40 detectors on hand that were purchased by the Morenci Kiwanis Club. When those are gone—and Valentine hopes that will be soon—the department will seek funding for additional detectors.
The number of detectors installed will depend on the layout of the house.


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Frank W. Munger
John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law
Co-Chair, Law and Society Colloquium
A scholar of public law and a specialist in social science research, Frank Munger teaches Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Land Use Planning and seminars on the role of public interest lawyers in social change.
His interest in public interest lawyers is currently taking him to Asia, and especially Thailand, to interview human rights advocates and to study the role of law in Asia's rapidly developing societies. The influence of rights can be subtle and persistent even where political conditions have seemed unfavorable, he concludes, but the lawyer/advocate often wins support through networks of influence and alliances with government insiders. "For a cause lawyer," he concludes, "the social construction of law's authority may be the greatest challenge and most important goal." (See Trafficking in Law: Cause lawyer, bureaucratic state, and the rights of human trafficking victims in Thailand, publications).
Fieldwork in Southeast Asia is ongoing, including interviews with lawyers, law teachers, and ordinary people about the impact of recent constitutional reforms and global pressure for legal change. The research is reported in numerous articles and edited collections (see publications). A forthcoming (2014) law review symposium organized with scholars Scott Cummings (UCLA) and Louise Trubek (Wisconsin, emerita), includes path breaking essays written by public interest lawyers from eleven Asian countries.
He has conducted research in the United States, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Recent books include Rights of Inclusion: Law and Identity in the Lives of Americans with Disabilities (2003), coauthored with Professor David Engel (SUNY Buffalo), a Gustavus Meyers Human Rights Award winner in 2003. Rights of Inclusion describes the subtle and informal influence of rights on the everyday lives of persons with disabilities. An earlier coauthored article, "Rights, Remembrance and the Reconciliation of Difference," published in the Law & Society Review, received the first annual Law and Society Article Award in 1997. Other books include: Laboring Below the Line: The New Ethnography of Poverty, Low-wage Work, and Survival in the Global Economy (2002), published by the Russell Sage Foundation, and Law and Poverty (2006), a collection of classic interdisciplinary essays published as a resource for teachers and poverty scholars.
Professor Munger has been General Editor of the Law & Society Review, President of the Law and Society Association, Chair of the Section on Sociology of Law of the American Sociological Association, Chair of the Law and Social Sciences section of the American Association of Law Schools, and has served on numerous editorial boards and government research review panels. He served as Academic Dean of Antioch Law School. He is a co-organizer of the New York Law School, Law, Society, and History Colloquium, an interdisciplinary speakers series.
The International Library of Essays in Law and Society: Law and Poverty (an edited volume with an introduction). Aldershot, England: Ashgate Press, 2006.
Rights of Inclusion: Law and Identity in the Lives of Americans With Disabilities, coauthored with David Engel, University of Chicago Press, 2003. Winner of the Gustavus Meyers Human Rights Award, 2003.
Laboring Below the Line: The New Ethnography of Poverty, Low-Wage Work, and Survival in the Global Economy, (edited collection with an introduction and conclusion) New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002.
Innovations in the Fight Against Human Trafficking: Advocates Perspectives and Proposals, 60 New York Law School Law Review No. 3 & 4 ( 2015/2016) a symposium and special issue organized with Melynda Barnhart and Chaumtoli Huq.
Social Justice Lawyers in Asia: Comparative Perspectives and Practitioner Narratives, a special edition of the Wisconsin International Law Journal, organized and with an introduction written with Scott Cummings and Louise Trubek (forthcoming, 2013).
Human Rights, Judicialization, and the New Public Interest Law, a special issue, co-edited with Penelope Andrews, 9 International Review of Constitutionalism 1-230 (2009).
Longitudinal Research on Trial Courts, a special issue of the Law & Society Review 25/3 (1990), an edited volume with an introduction and a conclusion. The volume contains revised versions of twenty articles and comments delivered at a conference held in Buffalo in 1987.
"Political Change, Activism, and the Evolution of Judicial Culture in the Scholarship of Daniel Lev," in M. Crouch (ed), The Politics of Court Reform: Judicial Change and Legal Culture in Indonesia (Cambridge University Press forthcoming).
"Thailand: The Evolution of Law, the Legal Profession and Political Authority," in R.L. Abel and O. Hammerslev (eds), Lawyers in 21st-Century Societies. Vol.1 : National Reports (Hart forthcoming).
"An Alternative Path to Rule of Law? Thailand's 21st-Century Administrative Courts," 26 Indiana Journal of Global Legalization (forthcoming).
"Race, Law and Inequality: Fifty Years After the Civil Rights Era," 13 Annual Review of Law and Social Science 331-350 (2017) co-authored with Carroll Seron. Read online.
"Rule of Law Inside Out in Myanmar," Symposium on Nick Cheesman's Opposing the Rule of Law, 9 Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 3-10 (2017). Read online.
"Introduction: Advocacy at the Leading Edge of Social Change: The Importance of Front Line Innovators," 60 New York Law School Law Review 567-583 (2015/2016).
"Thailand's Cause Lawyers and Twenty-First-Century Military Coups: Nation, Identity, and Conflicting Visions of the Rule of Law," 2 Asian Journal of Law and Society 301-322 (2015) and available online through Cambridge University Press.
"Trafficking in Law: Cause Lawyer, Bureaucratic State and the Rights of Human Trafficking Victims in Thailand," 39 Asian Studies Review 69-87 (2015).
"Revolution Imagined: Cause Advocacy, Consumer Rights, and the Evolving Role of NGOs in Thailand," 9 Asian Journal of Comparative Law 29-64 (2015) and published online. [ISSN (Online) 1932-0205, ISSN (Print) 2194-6078, DOI: 10.1515/asjcl-2013-0054 (2014)] and posted on SSRN.
Mobilizing Law for Justice in Asia: A Comparative Approach (Symposium: A Comparative Perspective on Social Justice Lawyering in Asia: Conditions, Practices, & Possibilities) 31 Wisconsin International Law Journal 353-420 (2013) (with S.L. Cummings & L.G. Trubek).
Organizer & Contributor, Symposium: A Comparative Perspective on Social Justice Lawyering in Asia: Conditions, Practices, & Possibilities) 31 WISCONSIN INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL Issue 3 (2013) (with S.L. Cummings & L.G. Trubek).
Revolution Imagined: Cause Advocacy, Consumer Rights, and the Evolving Role of NGOs in Thailand, 9 ASIAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE LAW available on De Gruyter and SSRN.
"Trafficking in Law: Cause Lawyer, bureaucratic state, and the rights of human trafficking victims in Thailand," Asian Studies Review (forthcoming).
"The Cause Lawyer's Cause," 29 Law in Context 28 (2012).
"Constructing Law from Development: Cause Lawyers, Generational Narratives, and the Rule of Law in Thailand," in J. Gillespie and P. Nicholson (eds) Law and Development and the Global Discourses of Legal Transfers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
"Cause Lawyers and Other Signs of Progress—Three Thai Narratives," in Scott Cummings (ed) An Unfinished Project: Law and the Possibility of Justice. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010.
"Global Funder; Grassroots Litigator—Judicialization of the Environmental Movement in Thailand," 9 International Review of Constitutionalism 75 (2009).
"Globalization, Investing in Law, and the Careers of Lawyers for Social Causes—Taking on Rights in Thailand," 53 New York Law Review 745 (2009).
"Constitutional Reform, Legal Consciousness, and Citizen Participation in Thailand," 40 Cornell International Law Journal 455 (2007)
"Culture, Power, and Law: Thinking About the Anthropology of Rights in Thailand in and Era of Globalization," 51 New York Law Review 817 (2007).
"Narrative, Disability, and Identity," 15 Narrative 84-94 (2007) coauthored with David Engel and available online.
"Dependency by Law: Poverty, Identity, and Welfare Privatization," 13 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 391 (2006).
"Law and Poverty," Encyclopedia of Law & Society, David Clark (ed). Beverly Hills: Sage Publications (2007).
"Social Citizen as Guest Worker: A Comment on the Changing Identities of Immigrants and the Working Poor," 49 New York Law Review 665 (2005).
"Beyond Welfare Reform: Can We Build A Local Welfare State?" 44 Santa Clara Law Review 999 (2004).
"Afterword: How Can We Save the Safety Net?," 69 Brooklyn Law Review 543 (2004).
"Rights in the Shadow of Class: Poverty, Welfare, and the Law," Blackwells Companion to Law and Society, Austin Sarat (ed). London: Blackwell Publishers (2004).
"Dependency by Law: Welfare and Identity in the Lives of Poor Women," in Sarat and Kearns (eds) Lives in the Law. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press (2002).
"Presidential Address: Inquiry and Activism in Law and Society," 35 Law & Society Review 7 (2001).
"Re-Interpreting the Effects of Rights: Career Narratives and the ADA,"
62 Ohio State Law Journal 285 (2001) coauthored with David Engel.
"Civil Rights and Self-Concept: Life Stories of Law, Disability and Employment," in 35 Droit et Culture 43 (1998) coauthored with David Engel.
"Mapping Law and Society," in A. Sarat, et al. (eds) Crossing Boundaries: Traditions and Transformations in Law & Society Research Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1998.
"Rights, Remembrance and the Reconciliation of Difference," 30 Law & Society Review 7.
(1996) coauthored with David Engel. Winner of the first annual Law and Society Association Article Prize, 1996.
"Fooling All of the People Some of the Time: 1990s Welfare Reform and the Exploitation of American Values," 4 Virginia Journal of Social Policy and the Law 3 (1996) coauthored with Kathleen Kost.
"Law and Inequality: Race, Gender…and, of course, Class," 22 Annual Reviews of Sociology 187 (1996) coauthored with Carrol Seron.
"Miners and Lawyers: Law Practice and Class Conflict in Appalachia, 1872-1920," in Harrington and Cain (eds) Lawyers In a Postmodern World. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press, 1993.
"Sociology of Law for a Postliberal Society," 27 Loyola Law Review 89 (1993).
"Beyond the Canon of Dispute Resolution Research," 12 Studies in Law, Politics and Society 431 (1992).
"Legal Resources of Striking Miners: Notes For a Study of Class Conflict and Law," 15 Social Science History 1 (1991).
"Introduction: The Evolution of a Field of Study" and "Afterword: Trial Courts and Social Change," in 24(2) Law and Society Review (1990), introduction and conclusion for a special issue which I edited on the longitudinal study of trial courts (see below).
"Law, Litigation and Social Change: A Critical Evaluation of an Empirical Research Tradition," 22 Law and Society Review 57 (1988).
"Tort Litigation and Social Change: Accidents and Trial Court Litigation in West Virginia, 1870-1940," 36 Buffalo Law Review 301 (1988).
"Commercial Litigation in West Virginia State and Federal Courts, 1870-1940," 30 American Journal of Legal History, 322 (1986).
Co-authored with Carroll Seron, "Critical Legal Studies versus Critical Legal Theory: A Comment on Method," 6 Law and Policy 257 (l984).
"Movements for Court Reform – A Preliminary View," in Dubois (ed) The Politics of Court Reform (1982).
"Contentious Gatherings in Lancashire, England l750-l830," in Tilly and Tilly (eds), Class Conflict and Collective Action (1981).
"Lancashire County Justices of the Peace and the Repression of Popular Contentious Gatherings in the Industrial Revolution," 25 American Journal of Legal History 111 (l98l).
"Clinical Legal Education: The Case Against Separatism," 29 Cleveland State Law Review 715 (l980).
"Measuring Repression of Popular Protest by English Justices of the Peace in the Industrial Revolution," 11 Historical Methods 58 (l979).
With James J. White, "Consumer Sensitivity to Interest Rates: An Empirical Study of New-Car Buyers and Auto Loans," 69 Michigan Law Review 1207 (l97l).
Review Essay: "Globalization Through the Lens of Palace Wars: What Elite Lawyers' Careers Can and Cannot Tell Us About Globalization of Law," 37 Law & Social Inquiry 476 (2012).
Review of Jennifer Klein, For All These Rights: Business, Labor and the Shaping of America's Public-Private Welfare State, Contemporary Sociology, 2005.
Review of Bachrach and Turner, Sugar's Life in the Hood: A Story of A Former Welfare Mother, Contemporary Sociology, 2003.
Review Essay: "Review Essay: Poverty, Welfare, and the Affirmative State," 37 Law & Society Reivew 659 (2003).
Review Essay: "Immanence and Identity: Understanding Poverty Through Law and Society Research," 32 Law & Society Review 931 (1999).
"Asking the Right Question: A Comment on Constable," 19 Law & Social Inquiry 605 (1994).
Book Review, Lempert and Sanders, Invitation to Law and Social Science, 12 American Legal Studies Forum 89 (1988).
Book Review, Abel, The Politics of Informal Justice, 90 American Journal of Sociology 477 (l984).
Book Review, Macfarlane, Justice and the Mare's Ale: Law and Disorder in Seventeenth Century England, 10 Journal of International History 353 (l982).


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Article Contributed by
Chautauqua County Chamber of Commerce
Thanks and Congratulations for NRG Support
Governor Cuomo's announcement that the Dunkirk NRG plant will be repowered to generate electricity with natural gas was truly an early Christmas gift for Chautauqua County. The project will maintain the county's tax base, retain jobs at the plant, and will allow for the generation of much-needed electric power right here in Chautauqua County for years to come.
We can't express our gratitude enough to the many, many people and organizations that made their voices heard and stood up for something truly meaningful in our county. The list includes our state lawmakers, Senator Cathy Young and Assemblyman Andrew Goodell. Their leadership and support every step of the way proved to be invaluable in the process. Former County Executive Greg Edwards, incoming County Executive Vince Horrigan, Bill Daly and the staff at the Industrial Development Agency, Sam Hoyt and his team at Empire State Development and the Chautauqua County Legislature all played substantive roles. The Southwestern New York Building Trades, Buffalo Building Trades, Dunkirk Labor Council and the Jamestown Labor Council provided critical structure and energy around this advocacy issues. Support from US Senator Charles Schumer and Congressman Tom Reed provided important visibility and clout. In addition, we congratulate Dunkirk's Mayor Anthony Dolce, the Dunkirk Common Council, and all of the personnel from the Dunkirk School District for making their voices heard loud and clear. And our local media help carry our voices through print and the airwaves. It is impossible to thank each individual who stood up to support this project. Countless senior citizens, students, employees and business people signed petitions, turned out for rallies, and sent messages, letters, and emails to Governor Cuomo and the state Public Service Commission. Each of them made a significant difference. This truly is a show of democracy at work.
As part of our five point focus, the Chautauqua County Chamber of Commerce and Manufacturers Association of the Southern Tier take pride in promoting economic and workforce development, and providing representation where it matters. Our role as an advocacy organization has grown and we are proud to work with many partners in both the business and political arenas to keep positive economic growth at the forefront in our county. This project is the largest single economic development project in Chautauqua County in many years. We sincerely thank NRG for their investment in Chautauqua County. It is meaningful to every institution and individual in our county.
Under the $150 million agreement, the NRG plant in Dunkirk will be repowered and expanded. Currently one 75 megawatt unit is operating on coal. The project will convert three coal units to natural gas for a capacity of 435 megawatts. The project provides important local system reliability benefits for National Grid customers and will help to relieve transmission bottlenecks in the region and reduce electricity supply costs to consumers. The plan will preserve the existing 68 permanent jobs at the site at least through mid-2015, and will create approximately 50 construction jobs.
We extend our sincere thanks and congratulations to all who played a role in negotiating an agreement to keep the NRG plant operating and to Governor Cuomo for the wisdom to recognize its importance to all of Western New York.
Chamber Can Assist with the State Health Insurance Exchange
2013 has been a year of tremendous change in the health insurance industry nationwide. Your business may still have opportunities to make substantive changes in health insurance benefits that could have important financial implications. As you weigh your options, we encourage you to consult with our professional staff.
Many questions remain for businesses around the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, and the Chamber continues to enroll businesses and employees into the New York State of Health exchange. If you have questions about remaining with an existing insurance plan, the economic implications of entering the new exchange, or how the ACA will affect your business or employees, please contact the Chamber. Each scenario is different, based on employee and business structures. We would be happy to work with you to identify the health insurance plan that best meets your needs. If you have questions give us a call at 716-366-6200 or 716-484-1101 or e-mail email@example.com.
Doors Open Jamestown Coming in January
The very popular Doors Open Jamestown will be back again in 2014. The date has been set for Saturday, January 18. Doors Open is designed to give area residents a look into our local attractions, with free admission for the day to demonstrate the many tremendous tourism opportunities right here in our own backyard.
Sponsored by the Jamestown Community Chamber of Commerce, Doors Open has grown substantially since it first began. Locations participating this year are: Audubon Center and Sanctuary, Chautauqua Sports Hall of Fame, Fenton History Center, Gateway Train Station, Infinity Performing Arts, Jamestown Savings Bank Arena, Lucille Ball Little Theatre, Lucy-Desi Center for Comedy, Prendergast Library, Reg Lenna Center for the Arts, Robert H. Jackson Center, and Roger Tory Peterson Institute for Natural History. Many of the participating venues will offer specials in their gift shops or prize drawings, and local businesses and restaurants will offer Doors Open specials as well. Watch for more details to come, but save the date – January 18 for Doors Open Jamestown!
Reduced Jamestown-Cleveland Air Fares Make Economic Sense
United Airlines is now offering $49 nonstop flights between Jamestown and Cleveland. Ideal for business travelers, the reduced fares are one-way and require a 21-day advance purchase. They are good until February 15 and can be booked through United.com. County Airport Manager Sam Arcadipane calls the move a tremendous boost for the local airport. "This price makes our local airport very competitive. You can't drive to Cleveland and park your car at the airport there for the price of this fare," Arcadipane said.
This move is a positive demonstration that the Chautauqua County Airport is working hard to improve service, provide important changes that make the facility more viable for business and tourism travel, and maintain an important economic asset in our region.


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The Heritage Channel aims to raise awareness of the rich history behind some of the local community's most important legends and landmarks.
This channel serves as a platform to broadcast the wide range of sporting clubs, activities and events that the local area plays host to.
Springboard TV are on hand to cover your event, promote your club and facilities and support sport within the local area.
The New Live Streaming Channel is an innovative new platform that combines live event coverage with real-time photos, text, and video clip updates posted using web browsers or mobile devices. The technology supports live blogging, live and on-demand video powered by Akamai HDNet, and real-time posting tools.
Watch funny videos from new talent, plus loads of comedy clips from students past and present.
Two aerials get married. The ceremony was rubbish – but the reception was brilliant.
(Tim Vine).
The Advanced Channel is a Channel dedicated to the "A" Level courses and students at the College of West Anglia.
Go Team Springboard TV.
Known to some as "avant-garde" and to others as "underground", there is a distinct genre of film known as "experimental" that exists solely to further and explore the process of filmmaking.
Usually made by artists who operate outside of the commercial mainstream, experimental films are usually made cheaply with very low budgets.
The Award Winners Channel is a celebration of the hard work done by students and staff at the College of West Anglia.
If you or someone you know have won an award or created video content that should be seen by others, let the Springboard TV team know and they will be happy to include it on the platform.
Visit The Springboard TV News Channel for up-to-the-minute news, breaking news, video, audio and feature stories.
Springboard TV News provides trusted World and UK news as well as local and regional perspectives.
Entertainment, business, science, technology and health news all in one place.
The Euro Channel is the repository of all the media created during the many stages of our joint venture projects. Springboard TV's videos are available to watch for FREE, worldwide, with no Geo / IP restrictions.
Springboard TV has an integrated multi language content translator (text only).
The home of Film on Springboard TV – see the latest student films, interviews, clips and trailers.
There are hours of video to choose from, you can watch what you want, when you want on Springboard TV's FREE On demand service.
We're adding new movies frequently.
The Music Channel is Springboard TV's very own MTV.
The purpose of the Music Channel is to show original music videos 24 hours a day, 7 days a week via Springboard TV's video-on-demand website.
Visual Arts is a channel where students can explore their creativity.
The students at the College of West Anglia are encouraged to develop all aspects of learning.
The Documentary Channel is a place for students to show factual based programmes on the Springboard TV platform.
Every year our BTEC level 2, BTEC level 3 and A-level Media students produce non-fiction, corporate and community led films as part of the curriculum.
The Showreel Channel is a channel created for the media sudents at the College of West Anglia to show off the work made here at Springboard TV.
The Showreel Channel is a safe and reliable platform dedicated to the work of students past and present.
The Alumni Channel is a platform for videos that students have gone on to make after working with Springboard TV.
If you are an ex-student and would like your current work displayed here, let us know!


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Award Winning St. Angelo's Bevande - Quinch Your Thirst
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Choose the perfect drink to complement your meal.
Read More →
Some of our delicious Vinings wine selection, Half Price bottles on Sundays!
Carry-Out or Delivery Only
Lemonade, Iced Tea, or Arnold Palmer Two Liters: Coke, Diet Coke, Coke Zero and Sprite
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Coke, Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Sprite, Root Beer, Lemonade, Iced Tea or Bottled water.
0 comments
The BEST PIZZA I've ever eaten and trust me, I've eaten a ton of pizza. The peach tree city store is amazing! You can tell that it's made fresh and the staff is so sweet, I wish my stomach was bigger so I could eat more!
We moved here from NY and have been having a hard time finding good NY style pizza. Well we finally found it!!! Best pizza hands down!!!! I also love how you can order online! Will definitely be returning and trying other things
Best pizza I've had in the area! Service was great and the restaurant was clean. Excited to go there more often!
© 2020 St. Angelo's Pizza


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Webcam Covers | Synthetic white | Set of 3
Don't dare to pilfer my data!
The premium features of your multicolor set
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First there is the color. White is subtle and stands back versus your precious electronic device.
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Eache and every component comes from Europe, more precisely from Switzerland. Therefore, we can say with a clear conscience that suppliers and assembly workers are paid properly. Is the product therefore expensive? Not if you include everything, including customs clearance, taxation and shipping. Because all this is included in the price starting from a purchase volume of 20 CHF. Not to speak of the great price-performance ratio.
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Maybe you plan to store a set or to use it as a likeable gift. With this in mind we packed our products in a functional and aesthetically pleasing way.
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For being a small startup, we are quite a bit proud. After all, we have already been allowed to deliver the products to Swisscom and Swiss Post, to Siemens, Lidl and VW, to Consumer Protection Organizations and even to the German Bundestag. Join the club of conscious digital natives!
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Posted by Ancestry Team in Miscellaneous
How do you feel about friending family on Facebook?
29 Oct 2010
Like most people, I joined Facebook to keep in touch with friends and reconnect with people I'd lost touch with. Since then more and more of my family have connected with me on Facebook and I am now Facebook friends with siblings, cousins, uncles, aunts and even my father!
I reckon about 60% of my family is on Facebook now. At first I was hesitant about allowing my family access to my Facebook profile, but it has not turned out to be a problem. In fact it's been kind of fun catching up with family in The States who I'd lost touch with.
I'd love to hear about your experience. How much of your family is on Facebook (take the poll below) and what do you feel about friending family on Facebook?


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Blessed Edward Jones
- 6 May
- 29 October as one of the Martyrs of Douai
Raised as an Anglican, he converted to Catholicism and was received into the Church at the English College in Rheims, France in 1587. Ordained in 1588. Returned to England to minister to covert Catholics. Arrested in 1590 in a grocer's in Fleet Street in London, England by a priest-catcher who pretended to be a Catholic in need of a priest. Imprisoned and tortured in the Tower of London, he admitted to being a priest. At his trial for the crime of priesthood, he argued that his confession was obtained by torture and thus not legally sufficient to condemn him. The court complimented him on his arguments and his court-room demeanor, then condemned to death and had him immediately executed. Martyr.
- Diocese of Saint Asaph, Wales
- hanged, drawn and quartered on 6 May 1590 on Fleet Street in London, England
- 8 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI (decree of martyrdom)
- "Blessed Edward Jones". CatholicSaints.Info. 5 May 2017. Web. 13 August 2020. <>


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Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, transfected with 100 nM SignalSilence® Control siRNA (Unconjugated) #6568 (-), SignalSilence® BRCA1 siRNA I #12519 (+), or SignalSilence® BRCA1 siRNA II (+), using BRCA1 Antibody #9010 (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). The BRCA1 Antibody confirms silencing of BRCA1 expression, while the β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb is used as a loading control.
Product Information
CST recommends transfection with 100 nM SignalSilence® BRCA1 siRNA II 48 to 72 hours prior to cell lysis. For transfection procedure, follow protocol provided by the transfection reagent manufacturer. Please feel free to contact CST with any questions on use.
Each vial contains the equivalent of 100 transfections, which corresponds to a final siRNA concentration of 100 nM per transfection in a 24-well plate with a total volume of 300 μl per well.
SignalSilence® siRNA is supplied in RNAse-free water. Aliquot and store at -20ºC.
SignalSilence® BRCA1 siRNA II from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) allows the researcher to specifically inhibit BRCA1 expression using RNA interference, a method whereby gene expression can be selectively silenced through the delivery of double stranded RNA molecules into the cell. All SignalSilence® siRNA products from CST are rigorously tested in-house and have been shown to reduce target protein expression by western analysis.
Oligonucleotide synthesis is monitored base by base through trityl analysis to ensure appropriate coupling efficiency. The oligo is subsequently purified by affinity-solid phase extraction. The annealed RNA duplex is further analyzed by mass spectrometry to verify the exact composition of the duplex. Each lot is compared to the previous lot by mass spectrometry to ensure maximum lot-to-lot consistency.
The breast cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2 are frequently mutated in cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers and have roles in multiple processes related to DNA damage, repair, cell cycle progression, transcription, ubiquitination, and apoptosis (1-4). BRCA2 has been shown to be required for localization of Rad51 to sites of double stranded breaks (DSBs) in DNA, and cells lacking BRCA1 and BRCA2 cannot repair DSBs through the Rad51-dependent process of homologous recombination (HR) (5). Numerous DNA damage-induced phosphorylation sites on BRCA1 have been identified, including Ser988, 1189, 1387, 1423, 1457, 1524, and 1542, and kinases activated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, including Aurora A and CDK2, can also phosphorylate BRCA1 at Ser308 and Ser1497, respectively (6-10). Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of BRCA2 at Ser3291 by CDKs has been proposed as a mechanism to switch off HR as cells progress beyond S-phase by blocking the carboxy terminal Rad51 binding site (11).
Explore pathways + proteins related to this product.
UniProt ID: P38398
Entrez-Gene Id: 672


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text: Combining traditional knowledge with modern methods, Mandranova products are not only excellent quality, but are true expressions of the land and people of Sicily. This oil is produced exclusively from Nocellara olives hand-picked on the Mandranova farm the first week of October. The oil is extracted immediately after harvest. It has a beautiful green color with golden hues. Pungency and bitterness in perfect harmony. For use on raw marinated tuna and blue fish, vegetables au gratin, pasta dishes with shellfish, fish stew, grilled meats and roasted pork.


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At varying periods of the earth's history, portions of present-day Europe were covered by shallow seas. Such was the condition during the Jurassic period in the time span we now call the Kimmeridgian Age, identified by ammonite and oyster fossils found in associated strata.
|Modification of IUGS Chronostratigraphic
Chart (stratigraphy.org)
|Ammonite -- Kimmeridgian marker
|Exogyra virgula -- Kimmeridgian
marker (Source: zeably.com)
According to James Wilson (Terroir: The Role of Geology, Climate and Culture in the Making of French Wines, University of California, 1998), French geologist Alcide d'Obigny, while working in the south of England in the middle of the 18th century, named the Jurassic limestone in Dorset as Portlandian. In his work east of that site, in the vicinity of the village of Kimmeridge, he encountered a dark marl in the layer below the Portlandian and named it Kimmeridgian. The Kimmeridgian soil found in France differs from that found in Britain in that it is a "relatively uniform chalky marl and thin marly limestone containing many lenses or banks of seashells" (Wilson).
Strata from periods post the Jurassic continued to be deposited into the shallow seas and many of these layers were forced to the surface when the area that is known today as the Paris Basin began a slow sag during the late Tertiary and Quaternary periods. This slow tilting of the Basin allowed the Seine, Aube, Yonne, and Loire rivers to "downcut through the rising ridges, thus cutting the Kimmeridgian-Portlandian outcrop band into an archipelago of wine areas" (Wilson).
|Source: timkeen.com
Now that we know the origin of the Kimmeridgian, lets examine its extent. In the 10-best-soils article, Brown indicated that the vineyards of Champagne, Burgundy, and the Loire Valley reside upon this hallowed soil. But the images above would seem to indicate otherwise. The figures show that upper Jurassic deposits (which would include Portlandian and Kimmeridigian deposits) came to the surface in a band that falls below the Champagne and Loire bands and above the Burgundy band.
And Wilson supports this observation. He, in fact, refers to the Kimmeridgian outcrops as the Kimmeridgian Chain in that they are distinct and separate from their associated wine regions. The primary Kimmeridgean vineyard sites in France are: (i) the Aube sub-region of Champagne; (ii) the Chablis, Tonnerre, and Auxerrois areas of Burgundy; and (iii) the Pouilly, Sancerre, and Menetou-Salon areas of the Loire Valley.
Wilson sees the key to Kimmeridgian soil as the way it works with its Portlandian partner. The marly soil of the Kimmeridgian develop good structure and water-retention characteristics and is easy to cultivate. The hard limestone of the Portlandian contains many fossils and fragments and is also cracked by frost. This enables aeration of the slopes as well as aiding in drainage.
Chablis is the "big island" in the Kimmeridgian chain and is home to some of the finest Chardonnay known. The defined region was recognized in 1923 by the Wine Tribunals as being grown on a sub-soil of Kimmeridgian limestone while wine grown anywhere else in Chablis would be classed Petit Chablis. The mid-slope in Chablis maps almost perfectly to the Kimmeridgian outcrop with the soft, carbonate-rich mud rock being capped by Portlandian Barrios limestone and supported by Calcares à Astarte, itself a limestone (Jennifer Huggett, Geology and Wine: A review, Proceedings of the Geologists Association, 2006). This south-facing Kimmeridgian slope has significant sun exposure and is home to the Chablis Grand Cru vineyards.
|Source: justburgundy.com
In the vicinity of Sancerre and Pouilly-sur-Loire (Central Vineyards sub-region of the Loire Valley), faulting has caused the east bank of the river (Pouilly side) to be lowered, thus causing the typical Kimmeridgian slope to lie flat and the retention of elements of the Tertiary (sands, clays, and freshwater limestones) and Quaternary (high-river-terrace sands, gravel, and clay) period. The town of Sancerre sits atop a fault ridge the eastern side of which is Kimmeridgian topped by Cretaceous soils while the west side is brush-covered gravel slopes. Further west, the best vineyards sit on the classic Portlandian-Kimmeridgian combination. The Portlandian here is thinner but, according to Wilson, is reinforced by ferruginous sandstones of the basal Cretaceous and weathering of the sandstone infuses the rock with iron. Wilson talks about three "lithologic Kimmeridgian zones" in Sancerre:
- St. Doulchard marl -- this soil weathers into "terres blanches" (white earth). Also contains glauconite, a granular mica that is rich in iron
- Calcaire à Astartes -- lies below the St. Dulchard and identified by the presence of the clam Astartes
- Calcaire de Tonnerre -- soft and porous limestone in its Sancerre incarnation. Hard around its home base of Tonnerre.
Quincy and Reuilly are not considered part of the Kimmeridgian chain as they have been recipients of the Tertiary outwash from the Massif Central, a result of the breakdown of the "Portlandian barrier." The Kimmeridgian strata disappears under the Lower Cretaceous west of Reuilly.
To summarize then, Kimmeridgian soil is the result of the Paris-Basin-sag-related upthrusting of sedimentary layers that were laid down during the upper Jurassic age. Kimmeridgian formations usually exhibit as slopes capped by Portlandian limestone and generally exist as islands remote from their associated wine regions; regions which have soil profiles that are dependent on the era and types of their formations.
©Wine -- Mise en abyme
©Wine -- Mise en abyme