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Dictyostelium exists as a single cell when times are good, but when starved, the cells aggregate and become multi-cellular fruiting bodies with a dead stalk and live spores that allow the cells to survive and pass on genes. When the social amoeba aggregates, it prefers to do so with "kin," the cells that are genetically most like it.
Now researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified the genetic "lock and key" that enable the amoeba to tell kin from non-kin. A report on their work appears online in Science Express.
Extracellular cue
"We hypothesized that the molecules that enable these cells to tell kin from non-kin would have properties similar to those of membrane-spanning proteins that contain immunoglobulin folds (such proteins are involved in immunity in mammals)," said Dr. Gad Shaulsky, professor of molecular and human genetics and a corresponding author on the report. "One property is that part of the molecule goes through the membrane and protrudes from the cells. It's an extracellular cue."
Just as the uniforms of armies enable soldiers to differentiate foe from friend, these amoeba use the protruding proteins as a kind of flag. In this case, the flag that protruded differs among strains of the Dictyostelium. These differences are critical to the kin/non-kin discrimination.
They identified "suspect proteins" called TgrB1 and TgrC1 that met all their criteria. It was reminiscent of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that is part of the immune systems in higher organisms. TgrB1 and TgrC1 were proteins that protruded on the outside of the membrane of the Dictyostelium cells.
Key must match lock
"Our hypothesis was that TgrB1 on the membrane of one cell recognizes TgrC1 on the membrane of another," said Shaulsky. "The two cells stick together, and the proteins act like a lock and key. If your key matches my lock, you stay and we develop together. If your key does not match my lock, you cannot participate."
Shaulsky credits graduate student Dr. Rocio Benabentos in his laboratory and postdoctoral associate Dr. Shigenori Hirose in the laboratory of Dr. Adam Kuspa with doing much of the bench work in the report.
Graduate student Hsing-I Ho in Shaulsky's laboratory also took part. Kuspa, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology, molecular and human genetics and pharmacology and vice president for research at BCM, is also a corresponding author on this report.
In a complicated series of experiments, they removed or added TgrB1 and TgrC1 together or one by one. The result was the same. If the TgrB1 on one cell came from the same strain as the TgrC1 on the other, the cells could cooperate. If either one of the protein or both were from foreign strains, they could not aggregate with cells that had proteins from the original strain they studied.
No matter how they modified TgrB1 and TgrC1 proteins in Dictyostelium, those proteins remain key to determining kin/non-kin.
To prove that the TgrB1/TgrC1 complex was truly a lock and key and not related to some process within the cell itself, they replaced only one of the proteins, producing a strain that had a normal TgrB1 protein and a foreign TgrC1 protein.
"It's as though you had a blue lock and a blue key and a yellow lock and a yellow key," said Shaulsky. "If one cell has the blue lock and the other the blue key, then they can cooperate. They see each other as kin. However if one cells has a blue key and the other a yellow lock, it will not work.
To determine if the cells are actually adhering to one another, they marked one population green and the other red. They separated them into single cells and then incubated the cells together. The cells that had the same TgrB1 and TgrC1 stuck together into red-green aggregates. Those in which the proteins were different separated into red and green populations.
Discriminating molecules
"As long as they have a shared lock and key set, then they can aggregate," said Shaulsky. "This is the first demonstration in a unicellular organism that immunoglobulin-like molecules are participating in self/non-self discrimination."
The molecules involved in the social amoeba are different from those seen in immunity in higher organisms, but the principle remains.
"What it says is that during evolution, there must have been several independent cases where self-recognition evolved and it always used the same concept – a membrane protein that has immunoglobulin folds outside the cells and is polymorphic (looks different in different strains of the bacteria)," he said.
"By revealing the molecular basis of self-recognition, this study elegantly exemplifies the value of single-celled model organisms in uncovering a fundamental biological phenomenon," said Stefan Maas, Ph.D., who oversees Dr. Shaulsky's and other cell signaling grants at the National Institutes of Health. "These findings provide novel insights into the biology and evolution of complex cellular behaviors for which there are many parallels in multi-cellular organisms with implications for human health."
Funding for this work came from the National Institutes of Health, a National Research Service Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and the National Science Foundation.
For more information on basic science research at Baylor College of Medicine, please go to www.bcm.edu/fromthelab.
Glenna [email protected]


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Press Release
Issued by Airbus Corporate Jets.
May 15, 2013
Airbus is showing an ACJ318 corporate jet at EBACE, giving potential customers the chance to see how much wider and taller its cabin is in comparison with other large business jets.
The Airbus ACJ318 on display is operated by Tyrolean Jet Services of Austria for a private customer, as well as on vvip charters, and features lounge areas, a private room that doubles as an office and a bedroom, plus beautiful bathrooms. It seats up to 19 passengers in unprecedented comfort and space.
"It may be our smallest aircraft, but the Airbus ACJ318 still has the widest and tallest cabin of any business jet and, with extra fuel tanks that give it intercontinental range, delivers the kind of comfort and space to which other manufacturers aspire," comments Airbus chief operating officer, customers, John Leahy. "And, with a similar wingspan and length to that of other large business jets, it fits within the same ramp space," he adds.
Airbus' ACJ318 has widespread market appeal, because it delivers the best comfort and space in the sky while taking flights between continents in its stride. Its customers include those that acquired it as their first jet, as well as those that upgraded from an existing aircraft.
Now offered with an upgraded cabin that delivers popular features such as domed ceilings, the Airbus ACJ318 also features options such as appearance-enhancing, fuel-saving sharklets,
Airbus corporate jets come from the world's most modern airliner family, which is kept young by intelligent innovation that is widely recognised as the company's hallmark. The first business jets to fly on every continent, including Antarctica, Airbus corporate jets have won over 170 sales to date.
The ACJ318 is part of the world's fastest-selling, Airbus A320 airliner family, which has more than 9,500 orders and around 390 customers and operators to its credit, and which is being produced at a rate of about one aircraft every seven working hours (42 aircraft a month). It is assembled in Hamburg, on the same lines that produce the A319, A320 and A321.

subset: commoncrawl


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ClarityOne In-Ear Headphones.The technology behind ClarityOnes headphones is not something that came to fruition overnight. What is found within these headphones is a technology called The PureSound Processor, which took over 12 years to develop. These are not traditional headphones. Unlike traditional headphones, PureSound Processor's patented technology creates opposing magnetic forces that cancels out the inductive reactance. What this gives you is a clean, pure & distortion-free sound for your listening pleasure. (You can read a more in-depth explanation of the technology on ClarityOnes Tech page).Specs:
- Sensitivity (1kHz): 110dB SPL/mW
- Frequency Range: 15 Hz 20 kHz
- Jack Plug: 3.5 mm stereo gold plated
- Cable Length: 48 in/1.12 m tangle free
- Transducer: 7.5mm neodymium magnet
- Impedance (1kHz): 8 ohm
Being an avid lover of music & movies while commuting daily, I had high expectations prior trying these headphones. With a $100+ price tag, I was a bit sceptical. Its not often that something that looks good on paper actually meets up to those standards. Within moments of plugging these headphones into my BlackBerry Bold 9900, I was immersed into a whole new world of audio listening. While listening to some of the latest Top 40 songs, I literally felt like I was in the studio listening to these songs being recorded. The clean, interference-free sound made every aspect of the songs stand out on their own. I could hear distinct differences in bass & percussions that I had never really noticed in these songs before. It felt like I was at a live concert!ClarityOne or from several retailers online, including Future Shop or Best Buy in Canada & BrookStone, Huppin's One Call or Crutchfield in USA.


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Live segment change from "your best time" to "best time overall"??
Somehow over the last week, the cycling live segment announcement on my android changed from "your best time" to "best time overall".
There is usually 3 live announcements for each segment - start of segment, half way, and final time. The first two announcements (start and half way) used to be based on "your best time". I really liked that as it motivated me to try to better my time.
Now the app is announcing the best time overall and half way best time overall, which I don't have a prayer of ever getting close to. It's pretty dang unmotivating.
Is there a way I can switch it back to "you best time" for the beginning and half way?


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HOUSTON – The Shell Houston Open kicked off Monday at Redstone Golf Club in Humble.
The players will see 72 unique holes throughout the tournament.
"All 18 holes are different and that's part of our challenge each day," said Randy Samoff, Redstone Golf Club Superintendent.
Getting a golf course ready for a pro-tournament is like no other maintenance project. Crews are up against the weather making sure conditions are up to par in the eyes of the PGA.
"We have the tour officials come out they check the greens, hit shots into them, see how they react."
Throughout the tournament, the goal is to keep the course in prime shape, which means long days and late nights.
"There are some guys that are here until after midnight still watering and trying to get things just right," said Samoff.
During play itself the crew is on stand-by around the course in case anything comes up.
"We have some blowers stationed. We have some emergency guys in case a cup gets damaged, or in case there are extreme winds or something that we need to water the course. We've got stationed throughout," said Samoff.
Each morning tour officials decide where to put the flag sticks.
"They take all the hazards into account, the wind direction, the conditions and they try to make it really challenging for the players," said Samoff.
The more challenging for the players, the more exciting it is for the fans.
The Shell Houston Open ends March 31.


text: We all know that a large wave of Baby Boomers in the US are approaching retirement. But what about the rest of the world? And what happens when those retirees need to spend out of savings? There is more than just a credit crisis and a government deficit crisis in our future. A rising level of retirrees to workers is happening even as I write. And the US is not, for once, the center of the problem. As this week's writer of your Outside the Box Niels Jensen explains, we cannot all export our way out of the problem. There is a global adjustment that must happen and when it does, it will have serious consequences for all. This week's letter is guaranteed to make you think. Set aside a few minutes to do so.


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Surname Saturday - Letter B
Below are my direct line surnames, beginning with the first definitely known person of each line.
- My first definite Beam was Josiah, my 4th great-grandfather. Josiah's parents were probably John Beam and Deborah Bell. Josiah was born in 1811 in either the US or Canada. He married Susannah Horton and they had at least ten children. Their daughter Di(a)dame was my ancestor. Diadame was born in 1852 in East Zorra, Oxford, Ontario, Canada. She married Charles S. Wood there and the family eventually settled in Rolland Twp., Isabella, Michigan. I descend from Diadame and Charles' daughter, Marion.
Berger (also Barger)
- Carl Jakob Berger was born in 1761 in Rinnthal, Germany. He married Catharina Kupper/Katharina Kupher in 1784. Their son, Michael Heinrich Berger, was born in 1788 and married Elisabetha Fredricka Matz. Carl died in 1821. Michael and his family came to Stark Co., Ohio around 1832 and finally Marshall Co., Indiana a few years later. The family's surname was also spelled 'Barger' at this time. Michael and Fredricka's son, John William, was my ancestor. John and his family settled in Oakland, Alameda, California in 1890.
- Thomas Branson was my 7th great-grandfather. He first appears in Springfield Twp., Burlington, New Jersey in 1703. He married Elizabeth Day and their daughter, Sarah, was my ancestor. Sarah married 1st Joshua Owens, and then 2nd George Shinn in 1749. My line descends from Sarah's son, John Shinn.
- My 8th great-grandfather, Ephraim Bullen, was married to Grace Fairbanks. My ancestor, their son, John Bullen, married Sarah Underwood. John and Sarah's daughter, Grace, married Ebenezer Healy and relocated with him from Massachusetts to Nova Scotia, Canada. I descend from Grace and Ebenezer's son, Comfort Healy.
*I spend very little time researching my pre-Revolutionary War lines. While I welcome contact regarding these lines, I will likely have little information to offer. Fortunately, most of these lines hail from New England and are thus well documented elsewhere, in print and online.


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1. What's your name & Your Company Name: Anna Kimble, Kindled Scents
2. Why did you decide to go into business? What was your motivation? How long have you been in business? Looking for a hobby that would also allow me to make an extra income. Started in January 2006.
3. What products do you make and sell? Candles, Clamshell Melts, Air Fresheners
4. What are your business goals? To provide my customers with quality products in scents not found in stores. I am working with a few different small businesses that have allowed me to set up a sale display – looking for more small businesses to showcase our products.
5. What are some products you use from Natures Garden; what are your favorite products from Natures Garden? Pillar of Bliss Wax, Joy Wax, Tealight Cups, Fragrance Oils, Color Block Candle Dye
Your Website: currently working on developing a website
Facebook page: www.facebook.com/kindledscents


text:
Download iCalendar file (compatible with most calendaring software)
Web site: http://swmgamers.com/
Email: dvader831 (at) gmail.com (Address obscured to fight spam. Replace (at) with @ for real address.)
Category: Non-Historical Miniatures
Rules: Star Wars Miniatures (2012 SWMPGA Floor)
Cost: $6.00
Duration: 1 hour
Host: Ray Becker (SWM Gamers)
Age requirement: Everyone (6+)
Experience requirement: None (You've never played before)
Are materials provided: No
Location: Indiana Convention Center, room Hall C : Blue, table 1
Tickets: 2 out of 2 are available (as of 1:30 AM Saturday August 25th, 2012, but this information may be out of date.)
Official site: Check the official site for the most up to date information and to purchase tickets. You must be logged in at the official site for this to work.
Time slot: Sun Aug 19 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Event added: Wed May 23 2:34 pm
This is your chance to become a Bounty Hunter! Bring a 200 point squad & try to defeat the player using a special squad with one of two SWM cards unique to Gen Con 2012! Can you capture them both? The Bounty Hunter Challenge is a chance for you to assume the role of a Bounty Hunter and go after two very elusive characters. For this event, you will need to bring a faction legal 200 point squad with pieces from any legal sets and play against one of our assigned players using one of two designated 200 point squads. However, each of these two squads will contain a brand new character, available only by winning the card, which is done by defeating that character in the game. You do not have to win the whole game, just defeat the new piece. So, do you have what it takes to capture them and add them to your collection of trophies?


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Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas
versión On-line ISSN 2007-2902versión impresa ISSN 1026-8774
Rev. mex. cienc. geol vol.29 no.2 México ago. 2012
The trilobite Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov. (Aulacopleuridae) in the Lower Devonian of Argentina: phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic remarks
El trilobite Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov. (Aulacopleuridae) del Devónico Inferior de Argentina: comentarios sobre filogenética y paleobiogeografía
Juan José Rustán and N. Emilio Vaccari
Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, M. de la Fuente s/n, CP 5300, La Rioja, Argentina, and Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. *firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com
Manuscript received: July 11, 2011.
Corrected manuscript received: September 26, 2011.
Manuscript accepted: September 29, 2011.
Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov., from the Pragian (Lower Devonian) of the Talacasto Formation, Precordillera basin, centralwest Argentina, is described and interpreted as the first Malvinokaffric species of the genus outside the endemic subgenus M. (Malvinotarion). Based mainly on librigenal characters, the coevalM. periergum, from the Wenban Limestone, Nevada, U. S. A., is considered the closest allied taxon. Both species are interpreted as those most closely related to M. (Malvinotarion). Evidence suggests faunal exchange between low and high paleolatitudes for the Pragian, a hypothesis previously discarded in light of low sea level conditions interpreted during this time, and linked to a pattern of vicariance and radiation previously recognized from Malvinokaffric Maurotarion species.
Key words: Devonian, phylogeny, paleobiogeography, trilobites, Talacasto, Argentina.
Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov., del Pragiano (Devónico Inferior) de la Formación Talacasto, cuenca de Precordillera, centrooeste de Argentina, es descrito e interpretado como la primera especie malvinocáfrica del género, no perteneciente al subgénero endémico M. (Malvinotarion). Con base en caracteres librigenales, principalmente, M. periergum, de la Caliza Wenban, Nevada, E.U.A., de edad similar, es considerado el taxón más cercanamente relacionado. Ambas especies son interpretadas como las más cercanas al subgénero M. (Malvinotarion). Las evidencias sugieren intercambio faunístico entre paleolatitudes bajas y altas para el Pragiano, una hipótesis previamente descartada en atención a las condiciones de nivel bajo del mar interpretadas para este intervalo, y ligadas a patrones de vicarianza y radiación con base en datos de Maurotarion malvinocáfricos.
Palabras clave: Devónico, filogenia, paleobiogeografa, trilobites, Talacasto, Argentina.
The origin of the Malvinokaffric faunas has been discussed in light of a complex history of contrasting patterns involving migrations from low paleolatitudes and/or concomitant radiations of ancestral groups already present during the Silurian (Eldredge and Ormiston, 1979). Postulated extrinsic controls driving these processes include complex paleogeographical settings (Abe and Lieberman, 2009), latitudinal position (Boucot et al., 1969), oceanographic factors such as paleocurrents (Eldredge and Ormiston, 1979; Isaacson, 2007) and variations of sea level (Rustán and Vaccari, 2010).
Some Malvinokaffric trilobite groups exhibiting paradigmatic radiations, like the calmoniids, have shown to be strongly endemic (Eldredge and Branisa, 1980; Abe and Lieberman, 2009), whereas others such as dalmanitids appear to fit better a dispersal model (Carvalho and Fonseca, 2007; Holloway and Carvalho, 2009, 2010).
In turn, aulacopleurids, once interpreted as immigrants (Adrain and Edgecombe, 1996), have been demonstrated to have deep Silurian origins in cosmopolitan stocks (Rustán and Vaccari, 2010).
Our work is a contribution to these discussions, provided by new evidence on Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov., from the Talacasto Formation, Argentina, and focused on phylogenetic and paleobiogeografic aspects of Malvinokaffric congenerics.
The Talacasto Formation (Lower LochkovianEmsian) is widespread and very well exposed in the Central Argentine Precordillera, in San Juan Province, centralwest Argentina (Figure 1). It is composed of a marine sequence of intensely bioturbated greenishgrey mudstones with intercalated beds of sandstone. A composite stratigraphic column typically displays dark muddy levels in the lower part grading upwards to sandy levels, and in the uppermost part contains finegrained levels with fossiliferous nodules (Figure 2). The Talacasto Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 1145 m in the Loma de los Piojos section. According to Astini (1991), this unit corresponds to a muddy shelf depositional system developed during a highstand. It overlies the mainly Silurian shelf system of Los Espejos Formation. Strata of the deltaic system (Bustos and Astini, 1997) represented by the upper Lowerlower Upper Devonian Punta Negra Formation overlies the Talacasto Formation.
The uppermost levels of the Talacasto Formation at its type locality (Talacasto creek) were referred to the lowermost Emsian (Herrera, 1993, 1995), or latest Pragian (Herrera and Bustos, 2001, p. 369). This stratigraphic position corresponds to a distinctive horizon (Figure 2) referred as a stratigraphic marker by Keidel (1921) and Astini (1991), composed of 10 m thick, ocher laminated mudstone with grey carbonate fossiliferous nodules, which is interpreted as a condensed stratigraphic interval that is laterally continuous along the basin, so that it allows reliable lateral correlation. The strata overlying it, which are mainly recorded in the thicker northernmost sections of the basin and composed of dark greenish nodular mudstones with brownish sandstone levels, are considered early Emsian in age, or younger.
A more complete treatment of the geological aspects of the study area and stratigraphic units, can be found in previous works (Astini, 1991, Edgecombe et al., 1994, Bustos and Astini, 1997, Rustán and Vaccari, 2010).
Provenance. Study material derives from the uppermiddle part of the Talacasto Formation at Loma de los Piojos (Figures 1 and 2), a classical section located 67 km, southwest of Jáchal city, San Juan Province.
Trilobites are most abundantly preserved in a 50 m thick greenishgrey, intensely bioturbated interval located immediately below the marker horizon of Keidel (Figure 2). Fossils are preserved either as molds or exhibiting exoskeleton, usually constituted by silicified, disarticulated sclerites, frequently exhibiting angularity both in respect to each other and to the bedding planes. They are, exceptionally found complete and articulated. The most common trilobites present in the same beds include Burmeisteria notica (Clarke, 1913), B. herschelii (Murchison, 1839), Dalmanitoides boehmi (Knod, 1908), D. drevermanni (Delo, 1935), Tarijactinoides jarcasensis (SuárezSoruco, 1971), Bainella Rennie, 1930, and indeterminated calmoniids, phacopids and aulacopleurids. The remaining accompanying fauna is composed of brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, hyolithids, conularids, crinoids, corals and orthoconic nautiloids.
Age. The stratigraphic position of the study seccion is strictly equivalent to the uppermost levels of the Talacasto Formation in its type section of the Talacasto river, and is thus considered latest Pragian in age (Herrera and Bustos, 2001). This age is supported by brachiopod (Herrera, 1993, 1995), and palinomorph (Le Hérissé et al., 1996) data. The presence of the trilobite Tarijactinoides jarcasensis, known only from the lower beds of the Gamoneda Formation bearing Scaphiocoelia in the Tarija area, southern Subandean Ranges from Bolivia, dated as Pragian on the basis of palinomorphs (Grahn, 2005), reinforces the chronological accuracy given for the M. megacephalum bearing strata.
Superfamily Aulacopleuroidea Angelin, 1854
Family Aulacopleuridae Angelin, 1854
Subfamily Otarioninae Richter and Richter, 1926
Genus Maurotarion Alberti, 1969
Type species. Harpidella maura Alberti, 1967.
Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov.
Repository. Illustrated specimens are housed in the paleontological repository of the Centro de Investigaciones Paleobiológicas (CIPAL) numbered with the prefix CEGHUNC, and Museo de Paleontología numbered with the prefix CORDPZ, both at Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
The holotype CEGHUNC 24864 (Fig 3, 16) is represented by a nearly articulated specimen, preserved in greenishgrey sandstone, composed of cranidium, left librigena, thorax and pygidium. The paratypes include (Figure 4), CEGHUNC 2486524868, 24870, 24882, 24885 Other assigned specimens CORDPZ 8591, 8598, CEGHUNC 7082, 7083, 2487124876, 24878, 24880, 24881, 2488324884. All specimens come from the locality of Loma de Los Piojos (30°17'41.08"S Lat.; 68°46'40.26"W Long.).
Etymology. From latin mega (large), cephalum (head), due to the extremely globose glabella.
Diagnosis. Maurotarion with anterior margin evenly curved; exceedingly vaulted and globose, broad (tr.) and tall glabella; preglabellar field with a more convex small sagittal area, posteriorly located in front of preglabellar furrow, distinguishable in frontal view; deep, rounded apodemal fossula at junction with preglabellar and axial furrows; strong eye ridges, posterolaterally directed; lateral border exceedingly broad (tr.) and strongly inflated; very deep and strongly impressed lateral border furrow; very narrow librigenal field; slotlike apodemal fossula on librigenal posterior furrow near genal angle; genal spine strongly inflated and subcylindrical in section, with broad and strongly inflated base; sets of anastomosed to subparallels sculptural lines on lateral border and genal spine; long (sag., exsag.) occipital ring bearing a median short and conical, dorsal spine.
Description. Cranidium with anterior margin strong and evenly curved; anterior border thick, inflated, only subtly longer sagittally than exsagittally, directed forward and slightly upward; anterior border furrow long (sag.) and deep, shallowing sagittally, with subtle definition of an inverted "V" shape; short, preglabellar field, more than anterior border sagittally, with abrupt slope forward, with insinuated more convex, small sagittal area, posteriorly in front of preglabellar furrow; glabella broad (tr.), rounded, exceedingly inflated and vaulted, with maximum width across L1, 90 percent of length (sag., including occipital ring), with strong dorsal convexity, glabellar median lobe with nearly poligonal outline in dorsal view; preglabellar furrow convex forward, shallow and narrow exsagitally, deepest sagittally; axial furrows convexes but somewhat sinuous, with posterior section quite deep and approximately straight in front of L1, then shallowing and curved outward laterally in front of L2, becoming nearly straight and convergent anteriorly, exhibiting an anterolateral constriction in front of S2 at junction with eye ridges, with a deep, rounded apodemal fossula associated at junction with preglabellar furrow; LO (occipital ring) long (sag., exsag.), more than anterior border, shortening slightly behind L1, taller than posterior part of glabella in sagittal profile, convex at the top, with a brief but stout occipital spine posteriorly located; L1 mediumsize, width 20 percent that of glabella, length (exsag.) barely more than 30 percent that of glabella (sag., including occipital ring), contained dorsal and laterally inside of glabellar outline (not outstanding), subrounded anteriorly; L2 large, extended laterally but no more than L1, bending outward the lateral furrow, L3 not clearly visible; SO moderately short (sag., exsag.) and shallow, shorter and deeper behind L1; S1 strongly defined, evenly curved, inflecting abruptly outward anteriorly, deeper and broader anteriorly than posteriorly; S2 well defined (for the genus); S3 very faint; eye ridge, strong, directed posterolaterally reaching the posterior part of the glabellar constriction just anterior to S2; interocular fixigena moderately narrow and inclined; palpebral lobe short (exsag.) and reniform, of slightly inclined surface; palpebral furrow weakly developed; posterior border furrow slighty curved, posterolaterally directed, moderately long (exsag.) and shallow, narrower and shallower at junction of axial furrows, exhibiting a deep slotlike depression distally; posterior border inflated, with narrow (tr.) part proximal to fulcrum, then distally more curved, broader and longer (exsag.). Anterior branch of facial suture, evenly convex toward the sagittal plane becoming rapidly concave across (exsag.) the anterior border; posterior branch of the facial suture poorly known. Librigenal field narrow, gentle and evenly sloped, with delicate caecal sculpture; eye poorly known; margin of librigena gently curved in its anterior section, then becoming nearly straight posteriorly; lateral border very broad (tr.), more than librigenal field, thick and strongly inflated, gently convex dorsally, broadening posteriorly, with anastomosed to subparalell sculptural lines; lateral border furrow strongly impressed, very deep and broad (tr.), somewhat shallower anteriorly becoming deeper posteriorly, shallowing to disappearing in front of genal angle; librigenal posterior border furrow long (exsag.) and shallow, exhibiting a slotlike apodemal fossula near junction of lateral border, then continuing as a furrow along dorsal aspect of genal spine; librigenal posterior border thick and long (exsag.); genal spine with broad and strongly inflated base, long, approximately straight, with subcylindrical transversal section, inflated and moderately narrow (tr.), incorporating the broad and inflated parts of lateral and posterior borders, exhibiting anastomosed sculptural lines running subparallel on dorsal and lateral surface, the tip could not be observed; doublure poorly known, considerably narrow anteriorly in appearance, broadening laterally and backward, with an evident set of terrace lines running subparallel to anterior and lateral margins.
Rostral plate and hypostome, unknown.
Thorax only known from the holotype, incompletely preserved, with nearly smooth dorsal surface, showing at least eleven or twelve segments; pleural lobe slighty narrower (tr.) than axial lobe (measured in the most anterior and best preserved segment near the posteriormiddle position); segments moderately long (sag., exsag.); the presence of median axial tubercles or spines cannot be observed due to broken dorsal aspect of axial rings; fulcrum apparently located in the middle of pleural lobe at least in the posteriormost preserved segments, axial ring with length (sag.) around 25 percent of width (tr.); axial furrow shallow and broad (tr.); pleural furrow, adaxially barely in contact with axial furrow, deepening and broadening abaxially to run posterolaterally as a narrow and deep nearly straight line laterally beyond fulcrum; posterior pleural band about more than twice as long (exsag.) as anterior band, adaxially; sharp triangular articulating boss developed on leading edge of anterior pleural band at fulcrum; articulating facet not adequately preserved; apodeme at posterior edge of each segment at junction of axial furrow.
Pygidium broad (tr.) and relatively short (sag.), of entire margin; mediumsized, with minimum length (sag. excluding articulating half ring) about 60 percent maximum width (tr.); broad axis with anterior width about 55 percent of total pygidial width; axial furrows moderately broad (tr.) and deep, evenly converging posteriorly and meeting posteromedially before reaching the margin, leaving a narrow posterior field, ending rapidly in a slope in sagittal profile; articulating half ring and first two axial rings prominent, third faint and posterior rings not well developed; up to three pleurae distinguishable, pleural and interpleural furrows of segment one to three short and shallow, incised, curved backward, becoming increasingly less distinct backward, without reaching the lateral pygidial margin; very short (tr.) pygidial border developed.
We refer this species to Maurotarion Alberti, 1969 based on of the following synapomorphies identified by Adrain and Chatterton (1995): anterior border longer medially than laterally; anterior border furrow of inverted "V" shape; palpebral lobes extended laterally past maximum divergence of anterior sections of facial sutures; librigenal field narrow relative to length; and lateral border inflated and broader (tr.) than posterior border.
Although the conspicuous librigenal lateral border furrow differs from the shallow one described in the diagnosis of Maurotarion by Adrain and Chatterton, we consider that the remaining observed characters reasonably support the generic assignment made herein.
Among Malvinokaffric congenerics, M. megacephalum sp. nov. more closely resembles M. (Malvinotarion) racheboeufi Adrain and Edgecombe, 1996, from the Emsian of the Icla Formation, Subandean Ranges of Bolivia, because of the exceedingly vaulted and inflated glabella. Other shared characters include the only weakly defined inverted "V" contour of the anterior border furrow, distinctive anterolateral glabellar constrictions and apodemal fossulae on axial furrows at junction with eye ridges (see Adrain and Edgecombe, 1996; pl. 54 fig. 3 and 6). Maurotarion megacephalum differs fromM. (Malvinotarion) racheboeufi mainly in having its anterior border evenly curved, thicker and only scarcely lengthened sagitally and a prominent spinelike node on the occipital ring. The most evident differences lie in the librigena of M. megacephalum, which is characterized by a very strong inflation of the lateral and posterior borders, very thick genal spine ornamented with anastomosed subparallel lines, a genal spine base which is much more inflated and moderately narrower, only slightly curved and subcylindrical in section, and a lateral border furrow which is strongly impressed and running along the dorsal aspect of the genal spine.
In spite of the fact that several cranidial characters relate both species, the lack of a flattened and very broad (tr.) genal spine and genal spine base, the very inflated lateral border and the strongly pronounced lateral border furrow of M. megacephalum, do not support an assignment to M. (Malvinotarion). This SilurianDevonian Malvinokaffric endemic subgenus was recognized by Rustán and Vaccari (2010) on the basis of a flat and very broad (tr.) lateral border and genal spine and a very broad (tr.) genal spine base, among other diagnostic characters. In addtition, all species of M. (Malvinotarion), including representatives from Argentina, Bolivia and South Africa, exhibit an only weakly impressed lateral border furrow.
The distinctive librigenal morphology of M. megacephalum most closely resembles that of M. periergum (Haas, 1969), from Pragian of the Wenban Limestone, Cortez Range, central Nevada, U.S.A.. Shared characters supporting a close relationship (based in the original work of Haas and additional data by Adrain, 2009), include the thick lateral border, broad (tr.) and deep, lateral border furrow, broadened genal spine base yet not so broad as in M. (Malvinotarion), the librigenal lateral border furrow shallowest in front of genal angle, a thick genal spine subcylindrical in cross section, and a distally deepest librigenal posterior border furrow which continues along the dorsal aspect of the genal spine as a delicate furrow. Characters such as the granulation, tuberculation, length (sag.) of the anterior border, curved genal spine, less inclined preglabellar furrow, more depressed glabella and longer (sag., exsag) and narrower (tr.) pygidium with more curved pygidial pleural ribs in M. periergum, separate both species.
In general terms, similar comparisons could also be extended to M. chrysion Adrain, 2009, which seems to be the most closely non Malvinokaffric Maurotarion species related to M. periergum and M. megacephalum. In turn, these species resemble M. wenbanense Adrain, 2009, M. fooi Adrain, 2009, from the same formation and age in Nevada, and M. axitiosum (Campbell, 1977) from the Lochkhovian Haragan Formation, Oklahoma, which were discussed in detail by Adrain (2009).
Mainly due to its librigenal characters, M. periergum was proposed and discussed at length as sister taxon of the Malvinokaffric Maurotarion clade (Adrain and Edgecombe, 1996; Adrain, 2009), and consequently the origins of this group were explained by migration from north to south during Early Devonian times (Adrain and Edgecombe, 1996).
However, since Maurotarion species were confirmed to be present in South America by early Silurian (Rustán and Vaccari, 2010), as previously suggested (Edgecombe and Fortey, 2000; Adrain, 2009), no Devonian migrations need to be invoked to explain the distribution. Consequently the Malvinotarionlike librigenal characters of M. periergum were interpreted by Rustán and Vaccari (2010) as probably convergent.
Furthermore, a radiation of M. (Malvinotarion) species was proposed during the Devonian (Rustán and Vaccari, 2010), which peaked during the Emsian according a highest percentage (about 60 %) of the first stratigraphic appearances recorded in this interval. This phylogenetic pattern was linked to falling sea level encouraging vicariance and concomitant speciation, particularly during the Pragian. In the context of this low sea level hindering dispersals, previous interpretations of Maurotarion periergum as the sister taxon of the Devonian Maurotarion clade (implying migrations), resulted questioned as well.
However, new evidence treated herein indicate that similarities in librigenal characters support a probable sister taxon relationship between M. periergum and M. megacephalum rather than convergence, and that both species are the most closely related to the Malvinokaffric subgenus M. (Malvinotarion).
This interpretation resurrects the idea of faunal exchange during Pragian. Furthermore it suggests that the largely rejected hypothesis of dispersals from south to north during Early Devonian (Adrain and Edgecombe, 1996; Rustán and Vaccari, 2010; Holloway and Carvalho, 2010) should not be rejected.
Compelling evidence based on records of the phacopid trilobite Reedops cf. bronni from the northernmost reaches of the Talacasto Formation in Precordillera basin, at Sierra de las Minitas, La Rioja province (Rustán et al., 2011), reinforces this hypothesis. Reedops is almost unknown to range below the Pragian elsewhere in the world, and the type species R. bronni, has been considered a Pragian index fossil in the Czech Republic (Chlupác, 1977). The occurrence of this taxon constitutes an unusual paleobiogeographical indicator of affinities with Bohemian area of the Old World Realm, and migrations have to be invoked to explain its presence in the Pragian of the Talacasto Formation.
This conclusion strongly contrasts with previous proposals suggesting low sea levels during the Pragian encouraging vicariance and speciation and restricting dispersals. Thus, evidence as a whole, accounts for a rich and complex phylogeographical history in the development of the Malvinokaffric trilobite faunas.
We thank D. Balseiro, R. Foglia, and A. Rydczewski who have collaborated invaluably in the field work. We also thank B. Waisfeld who has collected some materials in her geology degree work and placed this at our disposal. The reviewers J. M. Adrain and D.L. Bruton greatly improved this paper. Work have been possible thanks upon contributing of CONICET and ANPCyT (Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica) PICT 200601272 granted to Claudia Rubinstein.
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LAKE MARY, Fla. – A Lake Mary elementary school teacher is facing a slew of charges after Seminole County deputies say they found cocaine, marijuana and amphetamines in her purse as well as a vial of cocaine in her bra.
Kimberlyn Witt, 48, who teaches third grade at Lake Mary Elementary, was arrested around 10:30 p.m. Tuesday.
Two deputies were standing near a bus station in Fern Park when they said they spotted an SUV driving by.
The windows were rolled down and the officers said they immediately smelled marijuana coming from the vehicle.
When they pulled over the vehicle, deputies said they found the drugs in Witt's purse and bra.
Investigators said Martyn Dennis, 61, was driving the SUV. He is not a district employee, but deputies said they spotted him blowing a cloud of marijuana smoke out of the vehicle before he pulled over.
Both Witt and Dennis were arrested and have since bonded out of the Seminole County Jail.
Witt was supposed to returning to the classroom on Aug. 6, but is now on administrative leave.
Seminole School District Superintendent Walt Griffin told WKMG in Orlando, he'll call for her to be suspended at the next school board meeting on Aug. 13. During the following meeting on Aug. 27, he plans to recommend she be fired, which is the standard termination process.
"It's sad and shocking for anybody," said Mary Costello, whose three kids attend the school.
Costello said her children have never had Witt as a teacher, but she has volunteered in Witt's classroom.
"I've heard she's a great teacher here," said Costello. "All the teachers here are great. I have not ever heard of one bad teacher here."
Seminole County School District officials said Witt has worked for the district for nearly 22 years. She was first hired in Sept. 1991 and according to district officials, had no issues in her personnel file.


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I am often asked the question: "What is your design style?"
Well as a designer, this is a very abstract question and it is hard to pin point. There are elements of all different styles that I can appreciate and that I love to incorporate into my work for my clients. I can't use my home as an example of "My Style" because it is forever evolving and does not have a permanent look to it.
Often in the interior design industry, clients will seek out a designer that they feel speaks to their personal style and has an attraction to their designs based upon past work. But I don't necessarily work that way. I create a custom look for each client based upon what they like. When people are looking through my portfolio of work, they will see that I have done rooms which are contemporary, modern, eclectic, traditional etc. It's all within my repertoire of design and at all comes from what I reveal about my client. Maybe that's part of running my business and my ability to adapt to what my client wants. After all, they are the end user and I don't think it is right for me to dump "my style" upon them.
But I guess if I really had to narrow it down and think about what I feel represents me, I would say it is a mix of modern sensibility with a few touches of unique and slightly worn finds. It is a room that has personality and character without feeling old. Still very fresh and up to date, but it makes you want to go inside and take a deeper look…. a Curious room 🙂
My Portfolio:


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What was the Happiest moment of your life?
I have been really blessed in my life and I have had lots and lots of happy moments. When I was growing up, things were always fun and happy around our house. The funny thing is, I know my sister and I used to fight. I can remember my mom saying, "I wish you girls would get along. It hurts me so much when you fight." I know we could be mean, I know we could really make each-other cry, but I really can't remember any of the things we fought about. (Well okay, I still remember the argument over who the pink scissors belonged to [they were mine!!!!] but that is it.) However, I do remember tons of fun and happy stuff we did.
Amanda and I made up the goofiest games. This was back in the days before video games and the internet when kids actually played outside. We had "cooking rock" where we would mush up berries and nuts we found in the woods to make pretend food. We made up silly songs while swinging on the swings. We played cowboys and indians by the pond with a bow we made from a stick and a string and an arrow we found in the woods. We caught bugs and snakes and hid salamanders in the watering can to freak out my mom. We followed the stream for miles and found "treasures" in the woods.
I remember one day we had had a bag of "Funions" those fake fried onion rings. We were playing by the pond and a few fell in. The next day we were by the pond and we were FREAKED out by the nasty "worms" that were all over in the water. We were just about to run and tell dad when we realized it was the Funions and they had soaked up water and swelled up to look like worms.
We had picnics out by the big tree in the back yard. We climbed the stonewall looking for praying mantis bugs. We caught fireflies and put them in jars. We collected cans from the side of the road and cashed them in at the Jiffy Mart. We would then spend our earnings on Blue Slush Puppies, Slim Jim's and candy! Lots and lots of candy. We loved the Mike and Ike's, good n' plenty, Boston baked beans, Lemon-heads, and all those little boxed candies.
When the weather was such that we couldn't go outside we had lots of inside games too. Amanda used to line up her stuffed animals and play "library" with them by reading them books. We would make up dances to popular songs and give impromptu recitals to our parents in the sun room. We also gave them band concerts and choir concerts. We must have sounded horrible but they always watched and so would anyone else who happened to be visiting. We even played "olden days". We would turn off all the lights, light candles and pretend we were in the olden days.
Amanda and I really enjoyed playing together. We had separate bedrooms in our house. Since we enjoyed each others company so much some times it was hard to be in separate rooms. We decided we were going to come up with a way to communicate when we were in our own rooms. Our plan was to take a long string and string it between our windows. The plan was to thread the string through the windowscreens and then tie a bell at both ends. When one of us wanted the other, we could tug on the string, causing the bell to ring and thus alerting the other sister. I don't remember if it worked. But I remember we spent a lot of time working on the plan.
Amanda and I had lots of other great memories but I would be writing for days if I tried to fit them all in here. We were apart for 2 years when I first went away to college. This was a REALLY difficult time for both of us but I think it was really hard on my sister. She was alone at home and had to put up with a lot of changes that I didn't really appreciate or understand at the time. Mom and Dad sold the house we had spent most of our lives in just a few weeks before I went to college. They moved at the same time I left. I didn't go to school a few hours from home either. My family was in Vermont and I was going to school at Harding University in Searcy, Arkansas. Any trips home required a 27 hour car ride or an airplane flight with at least one layover, if not two!
Amanda endured a move from a 5 bedroom/ 4 bathroom house in the country to a tiny condo in town. Less than a year later they moved again to a small house in town. At this time I was "SO IN LOVE" with a guy I had met at summer camp and suddenly my little sister didn't seem so important to me. I was gone not only physically but I was so wrapped up in myself I think I kind of checked out on my sister emotionally as well. When the relationship that I was so sure was "the one" ended abruptly and unexpectedly Amanda was right there beside me consoling me and caring for me. That long summer ended and it was time to go back to school. Fortunately my sister was going with me! We were even rooming together! Our year as roommates was a lot of fun and I really needed the strength of my sister to get me though that really difficult year.
As time went on we found our own groups of friends and eventually moved into other housing without each-other. It was a tough transition but we still hung out on occasion and were friends with each-others friends. I was getting close to graduation and we knew there were big changes in our futures. Amanda had started dating Josh kind-of off and on. I had started dating Richie.
Richie and I had actually met a few years earlier via that "summer camp guy". After "that guy" and I broke up I bumped into Richie in the Benson Auditorium on the first day back to school. Of course he had to ask about "that guy" and I had to painfully relive the story. Richie was really sweet though and went on and on about how stupid "that guy" must be. He mentioned if I ever wanted to hang out I should give him a call. Truthfully though, I hated guys at the time. I laughed and said sure but there was no way in God's green earth I was calling him. Sometime in November I think Richie called me and asked me out. After a semester of feeling sorry for myself I was ready for something different so I said yes. Richie took me to the Dixie Cafe and then we went to Little Rock to watch "You've Got Mail" with Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks. It was fun and Richie was a really nice guy but the whole thought of dating really freaked me out. Richie must have had a good time too cause a few days later he called to ask me out again. Amanda and I weren't home at the time and he left a message. When I heard it I was scared to death. I just couldn't see myself in a relationship so I ignored the message and never called him back. In some respects I was really enjoying not being tied down to anyone and the freedom I had to do whatever, whenever. Richie tried calling a few more times. I continued to ignore the calls and he eventually quit.
The school year ended and Amanda and I went home for the summer. Having been "boyfriendless" for almost a year I had really found out about myself and had really grown up a lot. This was the point when Amanda and I had decided to no longer room together. Amanda kept our old room and I moved into an apartment. Late in the semester I was leaving a class in the Olen Hendricks building on campus. I was walking down the stairs carrying a big poster-board I had created a project on. Richie was at the bottom of the stairs. He greeted me like a friend and completely ignored the fact that a year earlier I had totally given him the shaft. We stood there talking, he made fun of my project, I laughed a lot.
Later that night, the phone rang. The voice said, "I didn't get to flirt with you enough today, so I though I would call and see if I could take you out on Friday night." Wow! What a DORK! But he had caught me hook, line and sinker! I am not sure what the change was but I was ready to give it a try. And boy did I test him!
Richie took me to Chili's and to a Hockey game in Little Rock. I think I did everything I could think of to scare Richie away. I flirted with the waiter at the restaurant, I ordered a huge meal and ate it all (no salad for me, thank you!), I acted like a crazy person at the hockey game, yelling and screaming and drawing attention to myself. Richie smiled though it all and even tried to hold my hand on the way home. I had the time of my life and he didn't seem fazed in the least.
Richie called me the next night and we talked on the phone for hours. Unfortunately the semester was only a few days from being over and Amanda and I were headed home to Vermont for the holidays. Back home, I couldn't get him out of my head. Richie called me a few times over the break and every conversation seemed to last longer and longer and we had more and more to talk about. I was really looking forward to getting back to school so I could get to know Richie better. Richie even offered to pick Amanda and I up from the airport when we got back to Arkansas.
From the day we landed back in Little Rock, Richie and I were practically inseparable. We hung out all the time. It didn't take long at all for us to realize that we had something special and we didn't want it to end. Somewhere around Valentine's day, just over two months from the day we first went out, Richie asked me to marry him and I of course said YES! We immediately began planning our wedding and were married on July 29, 2000.
We celebrated out 7 year anniversary this last July! All of these moments fall into that category of happiest moments in my life.
My sister Amanda and my husband Richie are my best friends. Both of them play such a huge part in my life. Granted there are times of struggle and disagreement with both of them but the good times definitely prevail. It is so hard to pick any one moment as the happiest moment in my life but any time spent with my sister or my husband is certainly a really happy time.
Amanda, Josh and Silas
My Husband, Richie! (Isn't he cute???!!!)


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Graduate Council Meeting
October 16, 2000
I. The meeting was called to order at 2:30 p.m.
Voting members and alternates present were: G. Bernhardt, J. Brandeberry, D. Curry, J. Dombrowski, S. Fraser, D. Goldstein, R. Grubbs, J. Jean, P. Martin, S. McConnell, J. Myers, S. Nelson, J. Ovington, W. Pammer, N. Rote, C. Ryan, E. Self, J. Thomas,
L. VandeCreek, A. Wendt
Non-voting alternates present were: L. Ream
Non-voting attendees were: E. Friese, G. Malicki, V. Montavon, J. Walker
Dean J. Thomas introduced Faculty President James Walker. Dr. Walker commented on the importance of graduate education to Wright State University and the Dayton area. Dean Thomas also introduced John (Jay) Myers, the 2000-2001 Graduate Council Student Government representative.
II. It was moved and seconded that the minutes of the May 15, 2000 meeting be approved as written. Motion carried unanimously.
III. Election of Secretary and Liaison to the Faculty Senate
It was moved and seconded that David Orenstein be appointed secretary of the Graduate Council for 2000-2001. Motion carried unanimously.
It was moved and seconded that Robert Premus be appointed Liaison to the Faculty Senate. Motion carried unanimously.
IV. Report of the Dean (J. Thomas)
Dean Thomas presented a list of Graduate Council members and the three standing committees of Graduate Council, and the Chair of each (Policies Committee: C. Ryan; Membership Committee: E. Self; Student Affairs Committee: J. Fulton).
Graduate Enrollment Report: Figures for Fall, 2000 indicate a decrease in headcount of 2.4%; however, graduate credit hours increased 4.5 percent.
There are 192 students on Graduate Tuition Fellowships; of this number, 147 were awarded to new fellows and 45 were awarded to continuing fellows.
Dean Thomas updated the Council on OBR Graduate Funding Commission issues continuing from last year. The proposal discussed at the spring council meeting for a two-tier master's structure with differing treatment of out-of-state students has been abandoned. Instead, new proposals being considered are deleting education and business candidates who are not declared doctoral candidates from the doctoral count and instituting a set of Best Practices for the awarding of tuition fellowships.
V. Committee Reports
• Policies Committee (C. Ryan)
a. The Policies Committee is reviewing two new degree concentration proposals: Career, Technical, and Adult Education concentration in the M.Ed. Classroom Teacher Program, College of Education and Human Services, and International and Comparative Politics concentration in the Applied Behavioral Sciences M.A. Program, College of Liberal Arts.
b. Three program development plans (Ph.D. Program in Environmental Sciences, Master of Science in Scientific and Technical Communications, and Master of Science in Teaching Program in Interdisciplinary Science and Mathematics) are being reviewed by RACGS.
c. The committee plans to consider a policy for the disposition of temporary grades for students who change programs or tracks and fail to complete a multi-term project such as a master's thesis.
d. Procedures for archival storage and access to electronic theses and dissertations are continuing to develop. Three theses from Wright State University have been submitted to OhioLINK; two additional theses are pending submission.
• Membership Committee (E. Self)
The Committee brought forward two nominations for full graduate faculty membership and one nomination for adjunct full graduate faculty status.
The two full member nominees are:
Michael Cox Computer Science & Engineering/ E&CS
Palur Gunasekar Pharmacology and Toxicology/ SoM
The adjunct full member nominee is:
Stephen Schneider Physiology/ SoM
It was moved and seconded that the nominees be approved. Motion passed unanimously.
VI. Research Report (E. Friese)
For the fiscal year 1999-2000, research and other sponsored program awards exceeded $45M; this represents an increase of 31 percent over the previous year. Copies of the RSP Annual Report Research in Review 1999-2000 were distributed to the attendees.
The Research Challenge Early Start Augmentation call for proposals deadline is October 31; DAGSI preproposals are due October 18.
VII. New Business
a. J. Myers is establishing a forum for graduate students to relate their concerns regarding University issues. He requested that each Dean appoint a graduate student to participate on the forum.
b. A Thesis and Dissertation Workshop will be conducted on November 7, 2000 at 8:30 a.m., in room 163 Student Union.
VIII. Announcements
A second Graduate Council meeting for Fall quarter is scheduled for November 20, at 2:30 p.m., in room E156 Student Union.
There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned at 3:30 p.m.
Submitted by,
David Orenstein
Secretary, Graduate Council


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May 20, 2014 - Recovery Team announces release of Summary Report of Greenback Cutthroat Trout Workshop.
NEW - Summary Report for Greenback Cutthroat Trout Genetics and Meristics Studies Facilitated Expert Panel Workshop (PDF)
NEW - Meristics Report - Phenotype predicts genotype for lineages of native cutthroat trout in the Southern Rocky Mountains (PDF)
Greenback Cutthroat Trout Recovery Team's Press Release September 24, 2012(PDF)
University of Colorado at Boulder Press Release September 24, 2012(External Link)
Colorado Parks & Wildlife's Cutthroat Trout Website (External Link)
Fact Sheet: Overview of Endandered Species Act Evaluation Process of Recent Cutthroat Trout Research in Colorado (PDF)
Map Graphic:Revised historic range of the cutthroat trout in Colorado based on new genetics study (JPEG)
Metcalf, J. L., Love Stowell, S., Kennedy, C. M., Rogers, K. B., McDonald, D., Epp, J., Keepers, K., Cooper, A., Austin, J. J. and Martin, A. P. (2012), Historical stocking data and 19th century DNA reveal human-induced changes to native diversity and distribution of cutthroat trout. Molecular Ecology. doi: 10.1111/mec.12028
Requires subscription to Molecular Ecology


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Thursday, April 12, 2007
OceanicDreams in Second Life
Not sure if you are familiar with with Second Life, it is a 3d virtual community. I have been on it frequently and even made a few good friends. Valiant is the owner of Laguna Beach and has been an advocate of promoting OceanicDreams / sharks in Second Life. Together we have showcased my father's photography and video - had a very successful turnout.
Now Valiant created an area dedicated to sharks - there is access to the video, photos, and even a petition to stop shark finning. Just a big shout out and thank you to Valiant for making it always happen...the sharks thank you too.
2 comments:
- Mark said...
I let my Second Life trial period expire awhile ago. Spent a lot of time just wandering around - I am still amazed to find people that have quit their real life jobs to run businesses there. Maybe I will have to sign up again and check your space out.
- Unknown said...
Just a small space to create some awareness - I doubt I will quit my job ;)
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Interns of Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
Welcome to Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. This webpage discusses different aspects of working and living at Cedar Creek and provides rules, regulations, and resources that you will find useful for your time at CCESR.
Before You Arrive
In order to verify your employment, you must fill out the form at the following link:
Employment Verification. Use Employer Code 13636
Our "Location" is the College of Biological Sciences.
You will be paid $11.00/hour, work approximately 40 hours/week, usually 8 hrs/day, Monday through Friday and perhaps some weekends, depending on the weather. The first paycheck usually takes a few weeks to go through payroll, so be sure to bring 2 forms of ID right away (for your paperwork), and plan your finances accordingly. On site-housing (double occupancy) is available for $210 per month. All housing is furnished and contains all kitchen necessities (dishes, pots, pans, etc.). Please remember to bring your own bedding, bath towels, and kitchen towels. Meals are the responsibility of each intern; remember to come with a little money so you can buy groceries before you get paid.
You may have mail sent to the Cedar Creek address in your name:
Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
2660 Fawn Lake Drive
East Bethel, MN 55005
(612) 301-2600
You will be given a mailbox when you arrive. There are also computers with internet capabilities. You may use the lab phone to receive or make phone calls, but you must use a calling card or call collect for long distance calls. Calls to the Twin Cities metro area are not long distance. Cell phones work pretty well in the campus area of Cedar Creek. You can bring a laptop if you wish, just know that you have to store it in your bedroom, because we are pretty cramped for space in the lab. There should be wireless internet service throughout the lab and housing.
For a map showing other housing locations (such as Burr Oak and Craine), click here.
How to Get Here
Cedar Creek is located about 45 miles north of the Twin Cities. For those of you who are driving, there is a map and directions HERE. Please give us a call if you have any questions. For those of you who are flying (or bussing) we can arrange a pick up at the Minneapolis St. Paul airport (or appropriate bus station). Cedar Creek is 45 miles from the airport so we would appreciate it if you could try to arrive either Sunday night or in the morning on Monday through Friday. It will be difficult to find someone to pick you up at any other time and there is no available bus service. Please let us know of your travel plans ahead of time so we will be prepared for your arrival.
Other opportunities
You will have the opportunity to conduct an independent research project where you can get paid for 2 hours/week to work on this project. You will typically have to spend quite a bit of extra, unpaid time working on these projects, but you have access to the researchers and resources at Cedar Creek. You will also attend the Annual All-Scientist Cedar Creek Research Symposium. During this symposium researchers that are working at Cedar Creek present their present research or research proposals. All interns attend weekly seminars, many of which are led by prestigious scientists doing research at Cedar Creek or doing ecological research somewhere else. These seminars have different topics every week and are incredibly informative.
Core Experiment Summary: Summarizes some of the research being done at Cedar Creek.
Some ideas for intern research projects are also available.
What to Bring
This is just a summary of items that might be useful to have over the summer.
Work: BUG REPELLENT, sunscreen, water bottle, raingear, shorts, tank tops and/or T-shirts (be sure they can tuck into your shorts), working pants, hat, and a long sleeved shirt, sandals, tennis shoes, work gloves, and hiking boots. If you are extremely allergic to poison ivy, please bring appropriate defenses against it. Light colored long sleeved shirts and long pants are helpful to keep ticks away when working in the old fields and savannas. After Work: swimming suit, fishing gear, towel, a nice outfit for going out on the town and what ever else you think you will need.
The kitchens have pots, pans, dishware, and silverware but you might want to bring some tupperware for lunches or a lunchbox. Also, there are no spices, condiments etc. to start up the kitchen. It might save some money to bring some of those items instead of buying new ones. Radios or musical instruments are also nice to have. Bedding is not provided so please bring your own.
We have two laundry areas here at Cedar Creek. One is located in the lower duplex and the other is located in the south lodge. We also have outside clotheslines for your convenience.
Whip-poor-will, Crane, Bur Oak, Chickadee...
Personnel residing at these locations can use waste containers provided to separate items. When full, bring into the recycling hut and place in bins provided. Ask a staff member for new plastic bags if needed.
Dragonfly, Blazing Star, Bluestem and Lodges...
Personnel residing at these locations have containers inside.Housekeeping will come in once a week to empty the garbage and the recycling. If the containers are full before then please empty them in the recycling hut. Housekeeping will also come in for general cleaning once every other week.
Beetle, Bumblebee, Butterfly...
Personnel staying in these areas are to place recycling goods into containers located in room off of kitchen. Please pay attention to signs and put flat newspaper only "in" brown grocery bags. Cardboard and other paper items are not saved at this time. These containers will be emptied by staff personnel.
Food Storage
Dorm Occupants:
Please store all your food in the large containers provided. They are located in the room adjacent to the dorm kitchen. If you need more, please ask grounds staff.
Please report to the Cedar Creek office staff at least one day before you leave. Turn in any keys and obtain a sheet of computer address labels. Print them out if you wish to have your mail forwarded for one month. Remember, it is your responsibility to inform everyone of your change of address. The post office will not forward your mail. Payment of any outstanding rent is due at this time or arrangement to pay must be made.
Cedar Creek and the surrounding communities have many entertaining activities. On site we have a TV/lounge area and lots of grassy areas for kickball, Frisbee, and other games. . Cedar Creek also has bicycles for your use. There are also several lakes and streams in the area offering swimming, fishing, canoeing, etc. Ask for locations. We have three canoes available for your use. Please stop in the office beforehand to sign out. There is also a book located in the lab of "things to do" in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Also, see bulletin boards near front office for more information. Bring your camping and hiking gear if you enjoy the outdoors because there are usually a few trips to the Boundary Waters, Superior Hiking Trail, or nearby state parks throughout the summer.
There are bikes and helmets located in the brown barn for everyone working here at Cedar Creek. Please return them to the barn in the evening so they can be secured. If there is a mechanical problem with a bike, please let Jim know so it can be fixed. Please do not leave your bikes parked in front of the lab during the day. For your safety, helmets must be worn at all times while riding.
Picnic Area
We have a picnic area on the east side of the lab for all to enjoy. We also provide gas grills in the picnic area. We ask that you deposit your trash and litter in the proper receptacles. If you need any other equipment let Cedar Creek staff know.
Photos of and by CCESR interns.
Miscellaneous Information
The staff here at Cedar Creek is very safety orientated. We would like to point out that protective clothing, goggles, earwear, etc., should be used when necessary. There are First Aid Kits located in the front hallway of the lab and under the front seat of all U of M vehicles. In the event of an emergency, please call 911 or there is a list and map of a local clinic and urgent care hospital posted on the hall bulletin board and other key locations in the residences.
- Please make sure that your tetanus and other shots are up to date prior to the start of your employment.
- Information on the symptoms and treatment of Lyme Disease can be found at https://www.
lymediseaseassociation.org/. about-lyme
- Take the poison ivy ID quiz.
- Watch out for poison sumac, too, especially in wet areas -- http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep220
Use of Cedar Creek Vehicles
To use Cedar Creek vehicles, you must follow these policies.
Smoking and Vaping
Smoking is NOT permitted anywhere on University property or in any University building or vehicle.
Non-Emergency Problems
If you have a problem after working hours, i.e. power goes out, plumbing broke etc., which cannot wait until morning, please call Jim Krueger. His phone number is located on the information board in the Lawrence Lab.


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Book Direct with the Owner at Mt Martin Australia Vacation Accommodation Perth Agent in Mt Martin your location, for all your holiday and travel needs.
Address: 888 Gargett Mia Mia Road, Septimus QLD 4754
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copyright © 2020 Accommodation Perth. All rights reserved.


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chief financial officer
How You Handle Chaos Will Determine Your Success or Failure
Yesterday, I received a telephone call at 9:00 am from an employee who had been working for a recruiting company of ours for less than 72 hours and was giving notice before boarding an airplane. We had brought this particular employee out to work for...Filed under Featured, Life Lessons 8 Comments
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Your career is a business, and you yourself are a product that you are selling to potential employers. Your goal is to survive and sell your product for as much money as possible. Use simple business principles to market yourself, such as identifying markets for your product and recognizing the importance of your brand. Good basic business skills can take you and your career far.
In this article, Harrison explains the importance of following the correct procedures in order to ensure success in your career and in your life. Rules, regulations, and procedures are numerous and your progress undoubtedly depends upon the path you choose to follow. Not abiding by the correct rules and procedures can be dangerous and have caused immense disorder in society. In every step you take, you need to analyze the procedure you are following, know its advantages and disadvantages, and then proceed to either make changes in the procedures or create new ones to suit your needs. This Harrison believes as one of the prime methods to accomplish your goals.
Embrace your individuality, and fight the human instinct for consistency and sameness in your self-image. Appreciate all of your personality's many facets, as they make you unique and desirable; see your individuality for the strength that it is, and embrace it.
It is importantly that you be totally and completely involved in your work. When you do this, you establish a flow where time and problems disappear, and you will find yourself completing tasks with very little effort. Upon entering a state of flow, you can do your work unconcerned with power, competition, or recognition, vastly improving your chances of success. Satisfaction and rewards come when you are one with your work.
See yourself as you actually are, then confront this self so that you can grow and evolve. When you see yourself as you truly are, you will probably find that you are standing in the way of your own success. Once you identify them, confront the parts of yourself that are limiting your success. Once you accomplish this you will no longer stand in the way of your own progress, but rather stand to achieve your goals.
In every job, there is always much more to do than what is actually expected of you; by dong more than expected, you will attract the attention and respect of your superiors and find your life improving. When you withhold your best work, however, you only prolong your current situation and confine yourself to mediocrity. Put everything you can into all of your work, resist the urge to only put in the expected effort, and you will find your life and career approving accordingly.
There are three universal motivators; power, relationships, and achievement. It is very important that you determine which of these three things motivate you, and seek a career that caters to this distinct personality type. Question yourself to understand your personality style, and position yourself to make the most of this personality and outlook.
In your job search you must question assumptions, find new ways of doing things, and consistently find new ways to search. You will be better off the more you seek out and adopt new job search techniques; your career is too important for you to be stuck in traditional ways of thinking. You must open your mind, and ensure that you are doing everything within your power to view your job search in a way that grants you more opportunities, not fewer.
Punishment and how you react to it are important determinants of your success. Never put yourself in a position where you cannot be forgiven and move on. Guilt leads to self-punishment, which is insidious and damaging; determine whether you are punishing yourself for something in the past, or if you are allowing others to unjustly punish you for long-ago transgressions. Such punishment can undermine your life and success.
While everyone's respective wishes motivate them, their fulfillment seldom brings anyone happiness. Don't perpetually chase after the next goal, but instead learn to love what you do; when you reach this state you will have chosen to be happy, you will improve yourself, and you will eventually become a happier and more accomplished person.
Do not be a dabbler, or someone who turns away in the face of stress; the secret to long-term happiness is to instead confront and push through these stress factors. Do not be discouraged by difficulties, but find ways to persist and deal with the stress. Confronting problems head-on is the key to improvement, and will take you much further than the dabblers who fail to approach their careers with commitment.
Everyone experiences ups and downs in their lives. Every problem and struggle you go through in your life is an opportunity to improve, to become stronger and to help others (and yourself). Use the problems you experience as a vehicle to grow and become a better person.
There are two types of people in the world; helpers and non helpers. The more of a helper you are, the more you will succeed and find happiness in life. When you find yourself jealous, angry, and judging others, redirect your focus and concentrate on thinking positive, compassionate thoughts about those around you. See and regard others in the same positive light in which you yourself would like to be regarded. Caring about others offers the hidden reward of making you care more about yourself.
A recommendation from a powerful person can make a huge difference in your job search; a reference from an influential person makes a tremendous difference to a prospective employer, and thus can be a major advantage for you. When an important person whom the company trusts recommends you, you instantly qualify for positions that may previously have been unattainable. Make the absolute most of your connections with the powerful people in your life, because doing so can instantaneously change your career and life.
Your success in both career and life depends on the strength of your desires. Peoples' respective levels of desire differ greatly, and those with the greatest desire tend to achieve the most in life. If you do not desire something strongly enough, you probably will not get it. Putting the greatest possible desire behind your dreams is the best thing that you can do to ensure your success.
Understanding the environment in which you thrive, be it structured or free-spirited, can greatly influence your success or failure in work and life. Determine whether you are a structured or free-spirited person, and seek out similar people and situations. Like people, companies and organizations are also either structured or free-spirited; success comes from understanding which type of environment suits you.
Avoiding problems, not challenging yourself, and giving up in the face of challenges are all forms of being a loser. Your reaction to any given situation is far more important than the situation itself. Whether you are the type of person who moves towards or away things will ultimately determine your career success; those who move toward things make consistent progress, confronting their fears by facing and dealing with them.
You can make the most out of any situation by using your mind creatively. Your imagination is your most important tool, and your strongest skill is your ability to imagine what you want. Imagine the person you wish to become and the career you wish to have, and stay focused on this vision. Use your imagination, and never stop dreaming about what you want to accomplish.
In this article Harrison discusses that the meaning you give to things will control the quality of your life. How we feel about ourselves is all due to what we tell ourselves certain things will mean. The meaning you give things is crucial for your career success. You need to choose meanings that make you stronger. You need to ensure you interpret things in a way that serves you and does not hurt you. You need to reach your full potential. Don't classify yourself as someone who is not fit to succeed at the level at which you're capable. You need to take charge of your mind to have the career and the life that you deserve.
Make a list of the bonuses that you can offer an employer if hired, whether they be contracts or additional capabilities. Your extra assets may form a tipping point in the employer's decision whether or not to hire you. Many businesses and career failures result from people focusing on their own needs rather than the incentives that they can offer others.
In this article Harrison discusses the importance of first tending to the smaller tasks in life in order to be able to focus on the real large ones. Harrison believes that the inability to keep small details organized in your life is a reflection of your ability to master details in your work. If you cannot keep your surroundings organized, in all probability you will never be able to master your work. There is a certain level of discipline that is required to keep things neat, clean, and organized. If someone does not have this level of discipline on their desk, in their office, in their homes, then they are certainly people who will be incapable of keeping their careers and lives organized. Our surroundings are a reflection of what is going on in our minds.
You cannot create alibis for your life and hope to achieve anything. Rather than spend your time creating alibis, use this time to address the reasons you haven't yet reached your full potential. Interestingly, people who fail to achieve what they want are always making excuses as to why they do not succeed. The world does not care about your reasons for failure, it only cares about results.
Nothing is more crucial to your career success than being "in the zone", and genuinely passionate about your work. Most people, rather than existing in the zone, merely go through the motions of what they feel others expect of them in the hopes of achieving wealth and achievement. To reach your full potential, find work that comes naturally to you, at which you are good, and that makes you happy. When you have this passion, everything else will fall into place and outside obstacles will cease to hinder you.
You must accept responsibility for your actions and their consequences, rather than blaming others. The system is rarely responsible for your problems, and much happiness and success will come from accepting full responsibility for your current position. By doing so, you will be much more likely to make better decisions leading to greater future success.
Gauging the people around you and giving them exactly what they want can determine the success or failure of any action you undertake. This ability separates the great entrepreneurs from the average. Instead of assuming that you know what people want, work to ascertain peoples' actual desires and fulfill them. When you go out of your way to fulfill the needs of your employer rather than focusing on your own needs, you will find great things happening in your career.
People all around you prey on common fantasies of wealth, jobs, health, and other things; the prospect of instant gratification is naturally appealing to people frustrated with life's difficulties. The only proven route to success, however, is through personally taking actions and building momentum over time. The idea over instant change is an attractive fantasy, but only that; a fantasy perpetuated by others preying on your desires rather than helping you.
You will come across both people who believe in you and those who do not in your life; it is vital that you surround yourself with those who believe in you and what you can achieve. The beliefs of others dictate what ends up happening to you, so it is equally important to avoid those who do not believe in you. Define yourself in terms of the person you want to be, and start acting like that person.
You need not only to fit in, but to be seen as fitting in with your coworkers. Harmonizing with your work environment is one of the most important things you can do for your career, and failing to do so can cause you serious problems. Achieving such harmony, however, will ultimately bring you closer to your career goals, and is among the primary things that society demands of its participants.
Concentrate on your employer's needs in order to achieve career stability. While everyone seeks security, it is detrimental to approach your job search with this as your main motivator; concentrating instead on the value that you provide your employer will increase your own value. Give your job your all, and you will be seen a productive unit in your employer's organization, and security will follow naturally.
To determine the sort of career you should be pursuing, you need to determine whether you are a tangible or intangible-oriented person. Many people fail in jobs simply because those jobs did not cater to their specific skills and interests. Tangible-oriented people seek work within clear guidelines, whereas people interested in the intangible are more comfortable around new and unproven concepts. To succeed in your career, you need to understand you inner nature and choose a workplace accordingly.
Harrison Barnes:
Getting Ahead:
The Role of Jobs in Today's World:
Career Advice:
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|My camera did no justice to the beautiful, beautiful color of this dip - trust me!
Thursday, August 18, 2011
Spice Rack Challenge: Cumin (Edamame Hummus with Spiced Pita Chips)
8 comments:
I do love cumin! This looks great for a party!ReplyDelete
Perfect for a party! Make a double batch of chips though - they are really good!ReplyDelete
I LOVE cumin, the dip looks wonderful, and I am IN LOVE with that fish dish.ReplyDelete
Hi Tracy,ReplyDelete
I sent you a email with a recipe. Hopefully that will work for you, or you can work your magic with it. I love the flavor of cumin, I use it often. Edamame are a favorite around here too. Hope you have a great weekend.
I love this spice and I can tell I'll love your dip and chips as well.I hope you have a great day. Blessings...MaryReplyDelete
This is one of my fave food. Edamame is such a great snack and I love mixing it into my fresh cut salads.ReplyDelete
I am a huge cumin fan! This sounds delicious.ReplyDelete
I love cumin and edamame so this one is screaming my name.ReplyDelete