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What leads a child to grow up and vote for a Republican candidate like Mitt Romney or a Democrat such as Barack Obama? Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign found that parenting style and childhood temperament plays a key role in determining a child's future political mindset—as in, the bumper sticker your kid decides to slap on her car when she turns 18 might depend on how you reacted when she sneaked out of the house to meet her boyfriend.
The study found that children of strict parents were more likely to turn conservative while those of lenient parents were more likely to lean left. What's more, children "with higher levels of fearfulness during young childhood" were more likely to have conservative values at age 18, while kids "with higher levels of attentional focusing and activity or restlessness" tended to be liberal, according to LiveScience.
Researchers collected data from 708 children and mothers, interviewing the mothers and asking about their child-rearing philosophies when the children were 1 month old, following up 4 1/2 years later to study the children's temperaments, and then finally surveying the kids when they're 18 years old.
"One of the significant challenges in psychological science is understanding the multiple pathways underlying personality development," lead researcher R. Chris Fraley Fraley of University of Illinois told LiveScience. "Our research suggests that variation in how people feel about diverse topics, ranging from abortion, military spending, and the death penalty, can be traced to both temperamental differences that are observable as early as 54 months of age, as well as variation in the attitudes people's parents have about child rearing and discipline."
The study didn't look at other factors that might play into the development of a person's political beliefs, such as culture, friends and environment. And it seems like the parents' beliefs would likely be the most important factor. I know my own father has jokingly told me that he'd disown me if I didn't register with his party. Thankfully we think alike.
What do you think of the study results? Are you surprised by them? What factors do you think influenced your own political values?
Photo: ebay


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subset: commoncrawl


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Sunday, December 30, 2007
Garbage Pail Kids ans7
I've been posting new sketch cards under this post if anyone is interested.
This is from a Mark Pingatore concept. I was always a fan of the Bozo show growing up. I watched it every morning before school. I made his outfit sort of like Bozo's. I based his face make-up on "Captain Spalding" from "House of a Thousand Corpses" and "Devil's Rejects". I added a few things that weren't on Mark's original concept. I added the little dog vomiting, The monkey eating the vomit, and the clown with the vomit on his face in the background. This one was used as one of the Bonus cards, so you can only find it in certain boxes. I found this one in a Target bonus box.
I originally painted this one for ANS6, but it got rejected. I touched up the painting for this set. I like how it turned out. If anyone is interested in seeing the original, let me know...It was a little scary.
About the only thing I had to change from the original concept was his left hand. At first I had it stuck in the juicer, but they wanted both hands showing, so I made it holding the straw. I think the idea of a GPK drinking himself is pretty funny!
This one changed a little from the original sketch. I had a mean expression on his face, but they thought it would be better to have a goofy face. I made his tongue sticking out, so I made an arrow going through it and pinning it to his chest. This one was used as one of the puzzle backs and was also used on the box
I originally submitted this concept for ANS6. but I ended up painting it for ANS7. I liked the idea of someone dying and their ghost floating out of their body, but puking at the same time and it coming out of their ghost's mouth. I added the hamburger to show the cause of death. He choked on it.
In the original sketch the blow dryer kid was less blow dryer-like. It made it kind of confusing to just have a kid blowing fire out of his mouth, so I changed his body to a blow dryer. I've always been a fan of gaps between teeth, so I put a gap in the woman's two front teeth. In the end it was cropped from the final card.
This was painted from a Dave Gross concept. His original sketch is below.
This one pretty much stayed the same from sketch to final painting. I made one of his fingers on his right hand smashed and I put red Play-Doh coming out of his left arm like blood.
For the final painting I took out the Zs coming off the kid. I think just by having his eyes closed, it's obvious he's asleep. I like the idea of falling asleep in class and drooling on your desk and in the process, drowning your teacher and some of your classmates. I added the skull and crossbones on his back, because he's killing in his sleep.
Pretty much the only thing that changed from the sketch to the final painting was the addition of his diaper. I've always loved Jack Kirby comics. Silver Surfer is one of my favorite characters he created, so I was really glad this made it into the set. It was used as one of the puzzle backs as well.
Mark Pingatore thought of this concept and he drew the original concept at the bottom. They wanted me to change Jepetto's heart to his brain. I think Mark's first concept had it this way in the first place. I added Jiminy Cricket. I've always really liked the Disney Pinnocchio movie, so this one was a lot of fun to work on. It's pretty gory too!
In the original sketch it was just a normal kid that got attacked by the dear, but I made him a hunter in the final painting. I ended up taking out the other animal heads on the wall in the background. I also added the kids hunting hat hanging on the antler. I thought it was a pretty funny touch. I also added the antler point sticking out of his right hand in the final painting
This one changed quite a bit from the original. It started out as a kid licking someone's armpit, but by the end it was more of a stick of deodorant. It took me awhile to get the face the shape I wanted and I like how it turned out. I designed him directly from a stick of Speed stick I had in my bathroom. I almost wrote "Spit Stick" on the kid, but my wife thought of "Speed Lick". It's much better I think.
This one was fun to paint. I liked trying to make his skin look like a basketball. I made his neck hole like the hole you air a basketball up with. I also made the gaps in his teeth run into the black seams on his face. Originally I was going to have it in an arena, but I decided to make him playing outside. The original sketch had other players, but I added trees in the end. I think it makes him seem like he's jumping higher.
This one didn't change much from the pencil sketch to the final painting. I painted the trees a little further in the background on the final. There have been similar characters in the past, but not one with their eyeballs braided. I thought it was a pretty neat visual and I'm glad it got into the set.
This is a concept I submitted for a previous set, but I reworked it for ans7. his huge tongue flopped out kind of reminded me of the wolf from an old Tex Avery cartoon, so I made the kid looking at a woman as she walks bye. He's so into staring at her leg he doesn't even realize he's drooling on his own eyeball. I ended up taking the gum and cigarette laying on the sidewalk out of the final painting. I also changed the design on the GPK's shoes. The guy's back shoe has a "GPK" logo instead of the "Converse star". It got covered up by the GPK banner across the top of the card.
Dave Gross did the concept for this one. It was originally used for a promo for the movie Kickin' It Old Skool. (pictured below) I thought a kid break dancing and breaking his bones was a really cool idea for a GPK. I was sort of surprised it was never made in the 80's. Dave Gross' concepts are always brilliant and it's always fun to paint them. In Dave's original sketch, the adam Bomb GPK card was a can of Coke. Other than that I pretty much painted his drawing directly. I also got the chance to name some of the characters this time around. I thought of "Breakin' Brandon"( named after my twin brother). My wife thought of "Buster move".
Mark Pingatore came up with this concept. His concepts are always great! His pencil sketch is at the bottom. I thought the "G" instead of the Oreo "O" on top of the cookie was a nice touch. I had the pleasure of painting a couple more of his concepts as well. I'll post them soon.
This one I painted from a concept by GPK, Wacky Package, Hollywood Zombie artist, Fred Wheaton. I think it's a brilliant concept. I had a lot of fun using crazy colors and trying to give everything different textures. I was quite pleased with how this one turned out. I changed a couple things from the original sketch. I made the crab pinching the kid's finger and I added Fred's and my initials on the seashell in the lower right corner. The shell ended up getting cropped off the card. Topps also used this one as one of the puzzle backs. Fred's original sketch is at the bottom.
I'm very proud of this card. The character was used on the box and wrapper. it also appears on one of the puzzle backs. On the original sketch I had hearts floating around. I didn't end up putting them on the final painting. I also flipped the image so the girl's on the left and the boy's on the right. It was the first new painting I did for the set.
I originally had the Daily Puker written on a sign in the background. It says it on the newspaper if you look real close. There's also a portrait of my twin brother on it too, but it's real small. It was Zapata's idea to have him reading a review of Spider man 3 in the paper. I added Doc Oc at the last minute. He's robbing a bank while Web Head Ned is busy throwing up.
The guy getting barfed on is a self portrait. Instead of just writing "shaving cream" on the GPK's chest, I went the Wacky Package route. Barbasol to Barfasol.
It's funny this one turned into a parody of Michael Vick, because that wasn't my original intention. It makes it funnier though. The dog on the left is my childhood dog, a boxer named Tyson. It says Tyson on his dog tag, but it got cropped from the final card. The dog on the right is Jeff Zapata's pooch.
I originally painted Gill Grill for ans6, but he got rejected at the last second. Topps had me add sunglasses on him and they ended up adding a couple extra fingers as well for ans7.
It's rare that I here a news story and it makes me think of a GPK name, but when Britney shaved her head I thought of Britney Shears. I originally had her shirt say oops and she even had Britney's lipstick kiss tattoo on her wrist, but Topps didn't like it. It was one of the earlier paintings I did for the set and I didn't know we could show blood this time around, so that was added at the last second.
The Dung Beetle concept didn't really change much from original sketch. At first I had the dung beetles with more cartoony faces, but I decided to go with more realistic looking beetles. I've always thought Dung Beetles were interesting. I almost drew a beetle in it's larva stage popping out of the poop's eyeball, but that would probably been pretty confusing. He's also probably the closest thing to a Meat Wad parody (from ATHF) that will ever make it into a GPK set. I really enjoyed painting this one.
12 comments:
Thanks for posting those Brent!
Post the rest! Post the rest!!!
Love that dung beetle.
- Brent Engstrom said...
Aaron, I'll be posting the rest as soon as I can. I'm glad you like the dung beetle. I'm really glad that one made it into the set!
- Andy said...
Wotcha Brent, how's it going? Mate, you literally ripped the ass clean out of this series, your works beyond awesome! The coral piece is absolutely jaw dropping & will eventually gain legendary status over time, it's rediculous & is probably the best ANS peice i've been fortunate enough to lay eyeballs on!! Great stuff mate, keep it up!! Have a blinding new year!
- DeJarnette Designs said...
Great artwork Brent!
Love the Cora Reef and a lot of others.
- Brent Engstrom said...
Thanks Andy! I'm glad you liked the coral kid.
Layron, Thanks! your cards look amazing. Love the glass blower kid!
Outstanding work Brent! You should be extremely proud.
Thanks so much for the hard work!
You already know my thoughts. Bravo, man.
- Brent Engstrom said...
Thanks Nico and Zoop! Glad you like them.
- AJ-san said...
Hey Brent,
Thanks for posting the rest of your ANS7 pieces. I'd love to see the original "GEORGE Clowney" piece... I too was infatuated with the Bozo show back in the day, especially the "Grand Prize Game"... and Cookie. Hahaha.
Not sure if you saw, but I posted Pingitore's original "OREO" painting within his "GPK Interview" on my website, the piece you eventually took over.
If you post the original "GEORGE Clowney", I'd love to post it within your interview if at all possible.
- Daily Dose of Two Scoops said...
These are friggin awesome! I wish I could find all my cards. A book should be made with all this work. I want to see more!
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- KW said...
GASP! these are great. I've been battling with my wife over the Ty Dee Knot card. I stuck it inside the frame behind the glass along with our wedding picture, and my wife will take it back out. I put it back in, and a few weeks go by and i notice it's out again.


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Product FAQs
How do I install my laptop docking station in Mac OSX 10.8.x - 10.12.x?
Note: Do not physically connect the laptop docking station to your computer until instructed to (Step 7).
- Download the latest drivers from the StarTech.com website (http://www.startech.com/Support). You can find the part number and product ID on the product's packaging.
Note: Mac OS X will typically save the files to the Downloads folder that is associated with your user account (for example, hard_drive_name\Users\your_name\Downloads).
- Double-click the DisplayLink.zip file.
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Note: Installation might take several seconds to complete. During the installation your display might flicker; this is normal. Once the installation has completed you will see your Macintosh desktop extended to any connected monitors.


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Health secretary Andrew Lansley has received an overwhelming vote of no confidence at the Royal College of Nursing annual conference.
Only six nurses voted against the measure, with thirteen abstentions. Seventy-eight members backed the motion, resulting in the first vote of no confidence in a health secretary for 30 years.
NHS reforms have taken centre stage during parliament's half-term recess after the government promised to launch a "listening exercise" to improve the health bill.
The controversial reforms have come under fire from health professionals, including the nursing union.
Mr Lansley's decision not to address the entire RCN conference has only fanned the flames.
He instead held a 45-minute Q&A session with around 60 nurses.
Labour leader Ed Miliband also spoke about the NHS at a press conference to highlight Labour's opposition to the government's plans.


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Anastasia Beverly Hills Self-Made palette
I made a pact with myself a while ago, that I wouldn't buy any more eyeshadows palettes. But then the Anastasia Beverly Hills Self-Made Palette became available in the Netherlands! This is just such gorgeous palette, I just couldn't help myself. I've been using it for a few months now, so it's about time that I share my opinion on it, as well as swatches and eye looks.
Anastasia Beverly Hills Brow Definer
Without a doubt, the brow products by Anastasia Beverly Hills keep your brows on fleek. Their product line in general is amazing, from the Brow Wiz to the Brow Gel, the Contour Palette and the liquid lipsticks.
And now there's the new Anastasia Beverly Hills Brow Definer! It apparently took two years to formulate this product which is quite impressive.
I've been given the new Brow Definer and I can say without a doubt, this is my new holy grail. Why? The retractable mechanical pencil has a new thick, triangular tip that makes filling in brows sooo easy.
Report // Proefparade Beauty Collection
Last sunday I visited the 'Proefparade Beautycollection 2016'. an event organized for bloggers, vloggers and press by Mr.Goodiebag to meet new beauty brands and products. I was happy to be able to join this cool event, since I'm usually at work as a vocal coach, unable to attend most events during the week. It took place in Amsterdam at the Museum of Bags And Purses. I haven't been to Amsterdam in quite some time, so I was soooo excited to go on a little trip and meet up with other bloggers there.
Check out some of the brands and products that were presented!
Coco X Beauty // Anastasia Beverly Hills Contour Kit
Today's beauty blogpost is all about contour! If you're a fan of watching youtube beauty bloggers and Kim K's look like I am, a contour kit is something worth adding to your beauty kit. I've been eyeing a few different beauty brands that sell a contour kit, and eventually chose the Anastasia Beverly Hills Contour Kit – Light to Medium. It's a powder contour kit, I've seen that there's also a cream version of it. Haven't seen that one here in the Netherlands yet. I bet that's a really great kit as well.


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The faithful knew Benedict was not going to be a long-term leader. For some time, the talk has been that the Catholic cardinals would be wise to choose a pontiff who reflects the areas where the church is growing, i.e. South America or Africa. In the spirit of handicapping elections, I would argue that region or race will not be the only deciding factor in choosing the next Pope.
The Catholic Church understands that it has to tackle theology on two separate planes. On one hand, there is the Church's relationship with the people. This means addressing scandals and lawsuits, not to mention a potential financial crisis that could be bubbling up.
Then there is catechism, or the theological direction. Does the Church want to address war and peace? Does it want to separate from politics the way John Paul II suggested? Does it want to take a stand on social issues, like same sex marriage? Being Pope is a little more complicated today than it was the last time a Pope gave his two-weeks notice.
The Church needs to balance those two important directions in order to remain relevant and visible: relationship building and theology.
There are two frontrunners being considered by the Vatican cardinals to be the next Pope. The smart money would be on Cardinal Peter Turkson, originally from Ghana. Turkson stands out as an African cardinal, but he is a big favorite because he is a young, socially active cardinal.
In 2008, as president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, he inked a document that suggested that tougher world financial regulations were in order to make economics and trade fair. He brought the Catholic Church into the debate about financial regulation.
He is also a relatively young cardinal at 64. As a Pope, he could dig in and forge a direction for a long time. His coming from a country that has experienced its share of strife is another plus, as he cannot be painted as an ivory tower priest. Add to all of this the fact that he shares a good relationship with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops in Washington, D.C.
Second to Turkson would be Italian Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, who was dubbed in September by John L. Allen, Jr. of the National Catholic Reporter as the "most interesting man in the Catholic church."
Ravasi is the president of the Pontifical Council for Culture, and is a scholarly cardinal, often quoting literature. What is also important here is that Ravasi has spent considerable time in Middle Eastern countries doing research. Let's face it, the Middle East is an active part of the world, and if the next Pope wants to be a voice for peace, this is important.
Ravasi also does not see science as opposed to faith, which may be a good fit with modernity. If the Church is desperate to return to the rock star days of John Paul II, it may lean toward Ravasi.
The Catholic Church enters its next stage as one of only a few religions that has not lost membership in the United States in recent decades. Catholics have maintained their presence (although without much increase), due in large part to immigration from Latin American countries.
The next Pope has to keep the Church current as it relates to the people, and he has to decide how it is going to express scripture. These are complicated times. There is war and the threat of more war. Will the next Pope be a voice for peace? Will keeping Catholic schools open in the United States be on the agenda? Most western countries are in difficult economic times. Will the next Pope take a stance on economic policy?
These are the types of questions that the Vatican cardinals will bounce around when they elect a new leader of the Catholic Church.


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My newest feat is getting my masters in Taxation. Currently I attend my Advanced Federal Taxation Class Tuesday evenings and my Research class Saturdays. Today I stumbled upon this LOVELY bumper sticker. I don't think I will attract this kind of attention to my car, but I did take one for a good laugh! I might put it up in my cube at work ;)
Golden Gate University!
Posted by Robin and Jeff on Saturday, September 20, 2008 / Comments: (0)
Little V Growing up FAST
Sound of Music Sing Along Hollywood Bowl
Something I would never have guessed I would do.... Attend a live showing of the Sound of Music Singalong at the Hollywood bowl..... Can I just say, it surpassed all my anticipation (actually I really didn't want to go) Boy I was suew glad we did, we only stayed for the first half of the movie, but pretty much laughed the whole time. Just imagine, entire Hollywood Bowl filled with fans of the movie, dressed up in costumes singing at the top of their lungs to every song. As if the singing wasn't entertainment enough the people arround us would get up and certain parts of the song and act things out as well as talk back to the movie. It was a little cult like.... for example when the Edelweiss came on the entire audience broke out their cell phones and acted as if we were in the middle of a concert. Truely a great experience.... so exciting I just might have to go next year. I highly recommend it! PS.... we also had amazing food! (courtesy of Debbie Oh)


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--You know what, let me begin by telling all of you what a great idea I think this book is. So many people I know (knitters usually) tell me that they don't crochet because it takes so much yarn and that they never can find anything that they like that actually doesn't take that much yarn. Well, the next time I hear that I am going to hand them this book. It is FULL of absolutely fantastic items that maximize the value of the yarn but don't compromise on style.--
Anyway, let's get on with the show :-)
The idea for the Botan Placemeats (ravelry link) came from a felted coaster I made myself out of some scrap Stitch Nation, Full of Sheep yarn I had left over from working with Debbie Stoller (that is a whole different story). The coaster is a simple two row color repeat stripey thing that sits to the left of my computer and is absolutely perfect. I love this coaster and thought that a set of cute felted placemats would look wonderful on my kitchen table.
When I saw this inspiration photo I though that making the placemats felted just like my coaster would be perfect. They have clean lines and are not too busy which are two things I like. But it needed that little extra something. So, I pulled out one of my MANY crochet stitch dictionaries and made the little Botan Flowers and stitched them to the placemat. The flowers are the little touch that makes them cute, don't you think?
As for yarn amount, these placemats literally use just about every last bit of yarn of yarn in the three skeins. I had maybe 24" left of each color. Not bad huh?
So,if you are looking for a quick, inexpensive and easy project or a gift for the holidays or a house warming these are perfect! Go and favorite them on Ravelry would ya?
Oh..you want a prize? SURE...I am the Oprah of the Podcast world...let's spread the love here too!
Leave a comment on this blog and be entered to win a FREE DIGITAL/E-BOOK copy of Simply Crochet! I will pick a winner randomly in a week so don't wait.
Last but certainly not least...check out my teacher profile and classes for STITCHES West. I would love it if you would join me for a class or two! Trust me, I am a lot of fun :-)


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This is pretty much the stupidest thing you will see all year.
Tuesday, 21 October 2008
Insane God Man Vs Barack Obama
Posted by La Bête at 20:06
Labels: Barack Obama, insanity, nonsense, Tarzan
41 comments:
- Some Chilean Woman said...
I am afraid. I can't believe these crazies actually have congregations of people preaching out there!
- 21 October 2008 at 23:49
i just got back from an OBAMA rally!!! got to hear him speak, but couldn't see him - there were 50,000 of us! GO OBAMA!!
- 22 October 2008 at 01:35
- Mina McKay said...
OH my god. OH my god oH my god WTF!?! Apparently this guy is really racist against biracial people. Oh. My. God. I..wow.
- 22 October 2008 at 03:28
- Rose said...
I... what..... who....
Holy crap, I have no idea what to say....
Wait, yes I do: the guy sounds a bit like a toad.
He also is proving my point that religious fanatics are sometimes synonymous with crazy nutbags.
I was waiting for the guy to start laughing; it's just too ridiculous.
- 22 October 2008 at 04:57
I can only see a black square? Is that meant to be stupid? Or am I missing something?
- 22 October 2008 at 06:46
- La Bête said...
SCW, it's terrifying, isn't it?
Lauren, what was the security like? I'm interested, and concerned.
Mina, it is difficulty to know what to say, I agree.
Rose, me too. But no, no joke.
Anonymous, no, that's right. It's a black square. Stupid huh? Whatever next?
- 22 October 2008 at 07:17
Please, please, please don't post garbage like this. I'd much rather you didn't post anything for a couple of days than annoying fluff fillers.
I'm probably a little more fed up than most with this stuff though as the forum I moderate has more than it's fair share of Yanks and there's been too much of this stupid stuff floating round recently.
BTW, my comment verification word was almost asshat ...
- 22 October 2008 at 08:13
- La Bête said...
Oh. But... I thought it was interesting. And I thought, you know, that this was my blog and I could post whatever the fuck I wanted. Oh, hang on... it is!!!
- 22 October 2008 at 11:02
- Non Je Ne Regrette Rien said...
I couldn't watch the whole thing, does he ever give a coherent sentence or 2 about why he is calling him tarzan, raised by an ape?
- 22 October 2008 at 11:22
Absolutely - that was simply a plea and should in no way be construed as an order.
Do I need more "please"s? ;)
S'il vous plait.
Vär snäll.
Por favor.
OK, I've run out of languages now ;)
- 22 October 2008 at 11:24
Me Jane!
Ann Anon
- 22 October 2008 at 11:24
- Non Je Ne Regrette Rien said...
by the way. i hate comment moderation. you're impacting my desire for immediate self-gratification. sigh. oh right, YOUR blog and all that. lol.
- 22 October 2008 at 11:24
fist bumping leads to eating babies. didn't you all know that? i'm voting for the old white dude because he has jowls big enough to save babies...
jeebus louise... this guy maintains tax exempt status. scary as hell...
- 22 October 2008 at 11:57
- Some Chilean Woman said...
You post whatever you want Bete. I love it and that's all you need in life, ha!
- 22 October 2008 at 12:02
- iLL Man said...
"Oh. But... I thought it was interesting. And I thought, you know, that this was my blog and I could post whatever the fuck I wanted. Oh, hang on... it is!!!"
Whatever gave you that idea?
you'll post what we goddamn tell you to, ok? ;) =D
- 22 October 2008 at 12:31
- Avitable said...
I think I'm going to call Sarah Palin Taaaaaarzan from now on just for fun.
- 22 October 2008 at 20:55
This man should be humanely decapitated. A petition anyone?
- 22 October 2008 at 21:26
Differential Diagnosis:
1. Enterocephalic fistula (layman's term: connection btw intestines and head causing faeces to be deposited in brain)
2. Schizophrenia (Delusional)
3. Republican
This man should be put to sleep, indefinately
Doctor's orders
- 22 October 2008 at 21:38
- Shimacat said...
I heard "Staawp Obaamaa" and staawped the tape. I'm beginning to think that Obama is the last bulwark between humankind and hell in a handcart.
But if you like, you can donate any of your fast-vanishing spare cash to a Good Cause; the atheist bus. Sponsored heavily by Richard Dawkins: http://tinyurl.com/63xyzp
Slogan: "There's probably no god. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life."
- 22 October 2008 at 21:51
Kära Urban Spaceman,
Du har gjort Lille Bete mycket arg.
Sluta gnälla, han får skriva vad han fan vill.
Tönt Nisse
- 22 October 2008 at 21:52
- La Bête said...
An online translator tells me:
'Dear Urban Spaceman,
You have done Lille Bait very angry.
Stop whine, he may write what the hell he wants.
Jerk Nisse'
Väl said, dig charmig svensk! Jag kunde inte instämma mer.
- 22 October 2008 at 22:05
Dearest Bete,
I have this nice warm feeling inside me now after you acknowledged me in swedish. This must be what it feels like when a celebrity speaks to you. I'm touched!
The spaceman has been doing my head in for a while. An admonishment was in order.
Anyway I just like to say that your blog is top quality and I enjoy reading it very much. Please don't ever stop writing this blog! Know that there are so many readers like me who don't post comments often enough. You will get your big break soon, i know it. Quality like this cannot go unnoticed for too long. Ok, the warm fuzzy feeling inside me is subsiding now and I have browned my nose enough.
Your fan
- 22 October 2008 at 22:29
- La Bête said...
Jag finner din rysligt gulliga bruna näsa.
- 22 October 2008 at 22:49
Ha Ha! You find my cute brown nose dreadful?!
That online translator is being ever so mischievous and oxymoronic.
Ofcourse I would like to believe you meant, you find my brown nose awfully cute.
I am smitten....
P.S: On reviewing the meaning of this idiom, brown nose, I found to my horror that it implies I want something in return for my ass kissing. Oh absolutely not. Those comments were genuine. But I'm sure when you're earning 5m£ a book you wont mind parting a fifth of that too a faithful, and let's not forget charming swede that you have blown cyber kisses to.
Din älskling =)
- 22 October 2008 at 23:17
- Panda said...
Thanks, darling, for the best fucking laugh I've had all day.
- 23 October 2008 at 00:50
- Panda said...
Thanks for the best fucking laugh I've had all day. Actually, make that all week.
- 23 October 2008 at 00:53
- Non Je Ne Regrette Rien said...
bien sur! il le faut parler en la langue different pour un reponse...maintenant, je comprends!
- 23 October 2008 at 07:50
- Newbie said...
Holy crap. That man is fucking insane, and dangerous!
It feels like this guy should be wearing a white hood or something! How can people be so horrific and hateful?
- 24 October 2008 at 00:27
- Miss Snuffleupagus said...
America, land of the free (in their dreams) and home of the brave. You'd have to be brave to live there among the loonies and religious freaks.
- 24 October 2008 at 01:59
Pratar vi Svenska nu?
BTW, Tönt got mistranslated - I suspect it was meant to be "geek" ;)
Du är intehttp://betedejour.blogspot.com/ arg mot mig Bete, eller? Hoppas inte ... ;)
Nu, ska vi sjungar en snapps visa ...
Bamse pippar lille-skutt i backen
Svansen kittlar skönt när man är naken
Skålman rynkar, farmor kokar honung
Så att Bamse kan få stånd igen
Hope the adult content doesn't get me censored - will be interested to see what Bete gets out of bablefish for that one ;)
- 24 October 2008 at 08:30
KK=Knull kompis? ;)
- 24 October 2008 at 08:32
Erm, KK, I've just seen that I've apparantly been "doing your head in for a while" ... why, precisely? It's not as if I even comment here very often.
Just curious.
- 24 October 2008 at 10:43
BTW Bete, since I seem to have upset one of your commentors (although frankly, I've no idea how! KK - your Swedish is too fluent to be an online translator - do I know you from a rather specific online forum? Do I have a cyber-stalker?)
a. Sorry for monopolising your comments - I should have given it a but more thought and put everything in one post.
b. I really like your writing - it's nice irreverant humour combined with (what I can only assume is) brutal honesty. That's pretty much a winning combination. Now all you need is the lucky break...
c. I wasn't having a go at Bete, simply saying this video was garbage (who would disagree with that - the guy was a nutter!) I seem to have seen an awful lot of this nutty propaganda recently and it's getting a little tiring, that's all. I'll be quite happy when the election is over.
Now, how about I get a round in?
- 24 October 2008 at 10:59
I have a headache.
- 24 October 2008 at 16:15
Hopefully, fingers crossed,McCain and Palin don't win...
If they do, I'm running away to Mexico or maybe Canada, or hey- why not the UK...
Anyone interested in starting an underground railroad to help frightened Americans, who believe in equality, freedom of choice, tolerance, and separation of church and state?
Oh wait, crazy-religious-zealots; exist everywhere!
I forgot...oh, well!
I guess, I'll just stay here- I tried living without real Mexican food for two weeks and it didn't work out that well.
- 24 October 2008 at 17:20
all 50,000 of us had to go through metal detectors: horribly dreadful lines and waiting ensued.
Also, where in the bleeding hell have you gone??
- 24 October 2008 at 19:56
- La Bête said...
Ha Ha! You find my cute brown nose dreadful?!
Panda, were you a little tipsy when you commented last?
Little Sparra, vous grand ridicule. Honte à vous.
Now, Spaceman, what the heckfire is going on? You appear to be Swedish, and KK appears to be Swedish too. What's going on? It's like IKEA round here all of a sudden. And I translated your song with the help of the internet. It makes no sense:
Bamse Pippa little-jump on the slopes
Tail tickle nice when you are naked
Skalman frowning, grandmother cook honey
So Bamse can get a position again
But it does sound rather coarse. So I must insist you stop at once.
Don't worry, Lauren. I'm here, and hopefully normal service will be resumed fairly soon.
- 25 October 2008 at 18:22
Brilliant translation!! ;)
It's a childrens song with rude words.
Bamse takes lille-skutt up the arse
The tail tickles nicely when you're naked
Skålman masturbates, grandma cooks honey
So Bamse can get hard again
Bamse, lille-skutt, skålman and farmor are all characters in the Bamse comic (Bamse is a bear who eats honey to make him strong a la Popeye with spinach).
I like your translation better ;)
BTW, I'm a Brit. I just live in Sweden (at least until I get around to moving back to Oz, where it's much sunnier!!)
- 25 October 2008 at 20:24
- Mrs. Hall said...
Well, there appears to be a funk in the blogosphere.
Bloggers are posting a lot less lately.
Must be fall. The creative energies becoming all funked up.
Hope you return soon.
Mrs. Hall
- 26 October 2008 at 02:39
I've lost an hour and my WV is SLYCLAT. I've quite forgotten my reason to be here......
Oh yes, write more often - please?
- 26 October 2008 at 08:05
Growing up in Sweden, I enjoyed the Bamse cartoons, thank you for corrupting those sweet memories.
Sir Bete, you have an international following, let's eat some meatballs and celebrate.
- 26 October 2008 at 13:09


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Summary and Keywords
The history of American slavery began long before the first Africans arrived at Jamestown in 1619. Evidence from archaeology and oral tradition indicates that for hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years prior, Native Americans had developed their own forms of bondage. This fact should not be surprising, for most societies throughout history have practiced slavery. In her cross-cultural and historical research on comparative captivity, Catherine Cameron found that bondspeople composed 10 percent to 70 percent of the population of most societies, lending credence to Seymour Drescher's assertion that "freedom, not slavery, was the peculiar institution." If slavery is ubiquitous, however, it is also highly variable. Indigenous American slavery, rooted in warfare and diplomacy, was flexible, often offering its victims escape through adoption or intermarriage, and it was divorced from racial ideology, deeming all foreigners—men, women, and children, of whatever color or nation—potential slaves. Thus, Europeans did not introduce slavery to North America. Rather, colonialism brought distinct and evolving notions of bondage into contact with one another. At times, these slaveries clashed, but they also reinforced and influenced one another. Colonists, who had a voracious demand for labor and export commodities, exploited indigenous networks of captive exchange, producing a massive global commerce in Indian slaves. This began with the second voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1495 and extended in some parts of the Americas through the twentieth century. During this period, between 2 and 4 million Indians were enslaved. Elsewhere in the Americas, Indigenous people adapted Euro-American forms of bondage. In the Southeast, an elite class of Indians began to hold African Americans in transgenerational slavery and, by 1800, developed plantations that rivaled those of their white neighbors. The story of Native Americans and slavery is complicated: millions were victims, some were masters, and the nature of slavery changed over time and varied from one place to another. A significant and long overlooked aspect of American history, Indian slavery shaped colonialism, exacerbated Native population losses, figured prominently in warfare and politics, and influenced Native and colonial ideas about race and identity.
Keywords: Captivity, slavery, colonialism, warfare, race
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Cooking For Engineers
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 16776765
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 9:08 am
Post subject: Equipment & Gear: Soda-Club (SodaStream)
This is no big secret: I like food. I like to eat food, look at food, read about food, prepare food, and think about food. But, even more than food, I like beverages. More specifically - I love sweet, flavored beverages like juices, teas & tisanes, sodas, and other soft drinks. Three years ago, I published a recipe for limeade and a U.K. reader suggested using SodaStream to make it bubbly. I finally got around to trying out a SodaStream (called a Soda-Club Home Soda Maker in the United States), and it is awesome! I use the Soda-Club machine at least once a week and always keep a bottle of freshly carbonated water available at all times.
makes three different soda makers: Fountain Jet, Edition 1, and Penguin. The Fountain Jet and Edition 1 uses 1 liter polycarbonate bottles and a large CO
gas canister that can make 110 liters of carbonated water before it needs to be replaced. The Penguin model uses smaller 620 mL glass carafes and CO
canisters that make 45 carafes (the Penguin looks cute and the carafes are really nice, but it costs about $250). Both the Fountain Jet and Edition 1 start at $80.
The model that I tried out was the Edition 1. The basic kit comes with the soda maker (the big plastic contraption), a CO
canister (Alco
Jet Carbonator), 2 carbonating bottles, and an assortment of soda mix samples.
Putting together the soda maker was a breeze. The CO
canister fits easily into the back of the soda maker. Just remove the back of the soda maker, tilt the front forward and place the canister into the base. The front of the maker then tilts back onto the canister.
The canister then screws into the receptacle that lines up with the valve on top. The back panel then snaps in to cover the canister.
The 1 liter water bottles included in the kit should be pre-filled with drinking water and refrigerated before using the soda maker. (Cold water is able to hold more CO
than warm water.)
The next step is to attach the water bottle to the soda maker. This is facilitated by a lever that tilts the socket and nozzle so the bottle can be easily screwed in. (The tilt mechanism also makes it easy to remove the bottle after carbonation is complete.)
Pressing the large button on top of the maker causes the CO
canister's valve to open and squirt the gas into the water. Short bursts are necessary so the water doesn't overflow out of the bottle. A few bursts are enough to cause a buzzing sound to come from the canister - a signal that the pressure is at the max. Soda-Club recommends about three buzzes, but I found that when mixing with juices or syrups, it helps to over carbonate a little, so I wait a minute and carbonate again.}?>
Tilting the bottle releases the pressure and allows you to remove the bottle. Soda-Club's syrups use a mix of sugar and sucralose (Splenda) to reduce the total amount of sugar per serving (one of their marketing points). I found that the blends had enough sugar that I didn't taste the slightly different taste of sucralose. The syrups that I tried (orange-mango, cola, and root beer) were quite tasty. They also provided diet versions which were sweetened only with sucralose and tasted very good for diet soda.
Soda-Club instructs you to simply measure out the syrup in the cap and pour it into the bottle of carbonated water. (You don't want to add syrup to the water first or else you'll have an explosive mess on your hands when the CO
is injected.) Rotate the bottle a couple times to mix, and viola! You have soda pop!
I didn't stop there - I proceeded to mix carbonated water with everything. Fruit juices were quite good, but I didn't want to dilute them too much so they came out a little less carbonated than I would have liked. Trader Joe's Strawberry Lemonade and carbonated water (half-half mix) was one of my favorite combinations. I also used a variety of Torani Italian Soda syrups (ranging from raspberry to praline) which worked wonderfully (as expected). Mixing carbonated water with milk was probably the only not-so-good idea.
In the end, since the device simply carbonates water, I realized that I could just buy carbonated water, but at $20 for a refill (they exchange canisters with you) that carbonates 110 liters of water, using the Soda Club is a lot cheaper than buying Crystal Geyser carbonated water at the grocery store (even at Trader Joe's who seems to have the low price at about $1 for a 1.25 L bottle).
In case you're wondering, the soda maker isn't small - it's about the same size as other medium sized appliances (but a little slimmer than food processor or standing mixer) measuring in at 5.5-in. (14 cm) by 8.5-in. (21.6 cm) and 18.5-in. (47 cm) in height.
I find that I use my Soda-Club Edition 1 so often that I just keep it on my countertop. My other appliances have their own storage places, but the Soda club seems to have found a permanent home. If you like experimenting with beverages or just like to drink fizzy drinks, then I suggest you look into buying one for your home too.
Note: The Soda-Club product line is sold under different names in different countries. It's easiest just to go to
Soda-Club's main website
and select the country you're in to find out information on which models (and what their names are) are available in your location.
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Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 2:09 pm
Post subject: Love Soda Club
I've been a Soda Club customer since they first started in the US. Back then, you could find them in shopping mall kiosks, so shopping was easier. Once you have the equipment, though, ordering supplies online is easy enough. I always wait until I'm almost out and then spend the $50 on supplies to get the free shipping. In all, I love the Soda Club products.
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Joined: 08 Aug 2005
Posts: 16
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 2:52 pm
Post subject: Great Review!
We are great fans of mixing soda water with our bourbon.
I am tired of paying $1.25 a liter so this is a great alternative.
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Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 2:57 pm
Post subject: Hmm...
Is using this machine very different from buying a bottle of club soda at Walmart and mixing it with fruit juice?
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Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 3:34 pm
Post subject: Other liquids?
I wonder, would this work as well to carbonate substances other than water? I've occasionally thought about carbonating vodka, to create sparkling cocktails.
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Joined: 10 Oct 2007
Posts: 1
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 4:13 pm
Post subject: Comparison
Michael -
This sounds like a great item, but I'm always wary of paying for something that I can DIY for a similar price & minimal effort.
Can you comment on how this system would compare with this DIY setup?
Also, can you use any 1L bottles, or only those supplied by the manufacturer?
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Michael Chu
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 1654
Location: Austin, TX (USA)
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 5:57 pm
Post subject: Re: Hmm...
LT wrote:
Is using this machine very different from buying a bottle of club soda at Walmart and mixing it with fruit juice?
Nope, not much different at all. One nice thing is you can control the level of carbonation (lightly carbonated to "wow, I can't believe it's still bubbling like crazy!").
ducttapeavenger wrote:
I wonder, would this work as well to carbonate substances other than water? I've occasionally thought about carbonating vodka, to create sparkling cocktails.
Well, it would carbonate it, but I'm not sure what happens when you inject carbon dioxide into a mixture of 40% alcohol and 60% water. You're not supposed to carbonate into anything but water becasue if the water contained large enough particles suspended in it (such as the soda mix syrup) then the bubbles don't dissolve into the water rapidly and instead latch onto the suspended particles causing the liquid to bubble over and spray out of the machine. A device like the one Andrew (ajanjigian) suggests might work better for that experiment.
ajanjigian wrote:
Can you comment on how this system would compare with this DIY setup?
Also, can you use any 1L bottles, or only those supplied by the manufacturer?
The DIY setup you link to is quite interesting (as is the site
links to:
). Before I got a Soda-Club machine, I considered making my own but, oddly enough, what stopped me was wondering where to get my CO2. I could buy it from the local industrial suppliers in my area in 20 lb. quantities which would be extremely economical, but they were big and bulky, and I kept wondering if it would be "clean". I don't know anything about how they fill the tanks and what else they put in it that they don't tell you (or need to tell you since it's obviously not intended for consumption as a food). For all I know, industrial CO2 contains other stuff that makes the flow through the valve more regular or something else that I'd be ingesting. Since I didn't have the time to research this further, and the Soda-Club was available (and wouldn't take up as much space as an awkward hose and valve combination) I went with that.
As to the bottles, yes, you have to use the manufacturer supplied bottles. They screw into the assembly to form a tight fit. When carbonated you can hear a slight hissing as pressure is slowly released, but the connection is tight enough that a decent amount of pressure is held in the bottle. The caps to the bottle are silicone lined to form an airtight seal. Even after a week, opening a half used bottle still releases that satisfying "Ssssst!"
I understand where you're going with this - I too prefer a non-proprietary system that is easy to maintain and works for almost forever, but I found to Soda-Club a decent alternative. (I have found that as I've become more and more busy - I've been prioritizing business, work, and fun differently than I would have in the past. Just a few years ago, I would have spent a Saturday and built myself a carbonation machine, but now, I'd rather research an article, work on the software backend, play board games with some friends I haven't seen because I've been working so much, and just finding time to sleep.)
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Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 8:16 pm
Post subject: Nice review!
Milk?!? Yikes. Brings back memories of Laverne from "Laverne and Shirley" drinking milk and Pepsi.
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Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 8:26 pm
Post subject: Carbonated water at home DIY style
Hi. It was good to read your post. I was unaware of the availability of the contraption you featured...
I do make my own carbonated beverages. I realized that the equipment that I use to make beer is great for that purpose. I use stainless steel canisters that used to be used for soda before they switched to plastic bags of syrup. In beer land these are called Cornelius kegs. using those and a CO2 tank I am able to make 5 gallons at a time. Because there is no air inside the tank when it is pressurized the carbonated water lasts forever without spoiling.
I have seen portable contraptions for beer use that might work here as well such as using a "carbonator cap" for PET bottles with a "keg charger"
This arrangement would cost about $35 or so and would be much smaller. The drawback is the very small CO2 canister size.
thanks for the article
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Not the Same Adam
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 10:41 pm
Post subject:
Did you purchase the soda machine, or did they provide it for you to review? You said you tried it out, but it also sounds like a permanent fixture.
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Joined: 10 Oct 2007
Posts: 1
Location: Arizona
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 11:21 pm
Post subject:
As a soda freak, I can't believe I didn't know about this!!! And I love my Torani, as well, so this is completely made of awesome....
I agree with the whole "too busy to make one myself" thing - I don't even do my own oil changes any more, lol.
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Joined: 10 Oct 2007
Posts: 5
Posted: Wed Oct 10, 2007 11:55 pm
Post subject: Industrial CO2
Who do you think supplies soda fountain operators, places selling draft beer, and the like with C02? It's the same people who provide it to welding shops, fire extinguisher fillers, and other industrial users, who are just as worried about contamination If you're really worried about the quality, make sure you get "Carbon Dioxide, USP", which means it complies with the standards of the US Pharmacopeia, and is suitable for medical use. (In fact, that's the only grade my local gas supplier supplies, for nearly everything that has a USP grade.)
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Posted: Thu Oct 11, 2007 3:12 am
Post subject: No delivery to Hawaii
Sadly, even though I would love this product, it is not available to us folks out here in Hawaii. I assume it has to do with shipping compressed gas via air.
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Posted: Thu Oct 11, 2007 3:36 pm
Post subject: Cost effective?
I recently saw the soda-club when I went searching for soda alternatives at one point (I like soda, but I find most of them too sweet) and got excited, but when I did the math it seemed to me to be more expensive while touting being (significantly) cheaper then soda itself. So it was hard to take the rest at face value.
Did you do the math as well, and if so did it line up for you?
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Joined: 12 Oct 2007
Posts: 1
Posted: Fri Oct 12, 2007 4:54 am
Post subject:
Fruit juices were quite good, but I didn't want to dilute them too much so they came out a little less carbonated than I would have liked.
Would it be possible to heat the fruit juices slowly as to reduce them a bit and then add the water back with the carbonated water?
What about the juices from concentrate? I don't know if making an entire pitcher at a time would be feasible or not, but you could probably play around with the non-frozen concentrates a bit and come out with a satisfactory result.
Just a thought
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Education has long been perceived as a great leveler in the United States, providing opportunities throughout society. But at a time of economic struggle, millions of people are wondering if the country's schools can still provide a platform for success.
"School quality and human capital are major issues on the American policy agenda," says Josh Angrist, the Ford Professor of Economics at MIT, noting the emphasis President Barack Obama placed on the issue during his most recent State of the Union address.
Yet it is hard for parents to make confident decisions about the subject. "A very difficult question is finding out what is a good school for your child," says Parag Pathak, a professor in MIT's Department of Economics. Moreover, state and local civic leaders must continually evaluate schools as well.
That is one reason Angrist, Pathak and economist David Autor have founded the School Effectiveness & Inequality Initiative (SEII), a new center at MIT giving a home to diverse studies of education and its effects on Americans throughout their working lives.
Some of those studies have already made headlines: Angrist and Pathak, working with other scholars, have found that while some Boston charter schools outperform the city's other public schools, charter schools elsewhere in Massachusetts fail to generate gains in student achievement. They have also found that some highly regarded public schools — which use competitive test-based admissions — may not improve the trajectory of the already-thriving students who are accepted into them.
Mostly random econometrics
SEII's intellectual roots date back to an influential 1991 paper about education and earnings published by Angrist and Alan Krueger, who is now chair of the White House's Council of Economic Advisors. That paper used a quirk in state enrollment practices to reveal that among men born in the 1930s, those born in the second half of the year, on aggregate, spent more time in school — they were allowed to start at younger ages, while everyone could exit school immediately upon turning 16 — and earned more in the workplace than those born in the first half of the year.
The study helped trigger widespread use in economics of "natural experiments": studies that compare two otherwise random groups of people distinguished by a single variable. Today, Angrist explains, SEII's work is oriented around "high-quality quasi-experimental research designs, which in many cases come close to producing the type of evidence that one would get from a randomized trial."
To see why this matters, consider a school whose students produce mediocre test scores. "Is this because it's not an effective school?" Pathak asks. "It could just be that the students came in behind in the first place." SEII's charter-school studies therefore focus on schools that use random admission lotteries, to see how an otherwise similar group of applicants eventually perform at different schools.
In one study, published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics in 2011, Angrist, Pathak and their co-authors — Atila Abdulkadiroglu of Duke University, Susan Dynarski of the University of Michigan and Thomas J. Kane of Harvard University — found that many urban charter schools in the Boston area were producing large improvements: roughly a 15-percentile gain annually for middle-school math students on the state exams. But in a similar subsequent study, the researchers found that charter schools outside the Boston area "are largely ineffective and appear to reduce achievement for some."
Why is this? In a working paper released this month on the Social Science Research Network, Angrist, Pathak and MIT graduate student Christopher Walters suggest that the successful schools adhere to the "no excuses" educational formula, which emphasizes instruction time, student behavior, and traditional math and reading skills. But not all charter schools take this approach.
"The charter schools' idea is, 'Let a thousand flowers bloom,'" Angrist says. "Well, many of those flowers are dandelions. … In the urban context, it really is only the 'no excuses' schools that are effective. Those are real results, but that is not what's going on statewide or nationally. Charter schools are very heterogeneous."
Never too late to improve
Charter schools are, as Pathak has noted, a "politically charged" issue: They draw public funding, but do not employ unionized teachers. But the results of the SEII studies, Angrist notes, go beyond these ongoing debates.
One implication emerging from the SEII research is that it is never too late to help students improve. Many social scientists have published studies emphasizing the long-term importance of early educational experiences at the preschool, kindergarten or early grade-school stages. By contrast, Angrist says, "we're showing dramatic gains in middle school and later for kids who come in at a very low baseline." The idea that the social problems underprivileged children face are too great to be overcome, Angrist adds, "is a compelling narrative, but it's not true."
Another educational myth may be what SEII researchers call the "peer illusion": the idea that being around other good peers helps students excel. In a paper released last year, Angrist, Pathak and Abdulkadiroglu found that attending one of the elite "exam schools" in New York City and Boston — such as Bronx Science or Boston Latin — does not seem to change the achievement levels of already-successful students. The study showed, essentially, that students who just miss the admissions cutoff at those schools still perform well at regular public schools.
The SEII researchers aim to expand their studies of charter schools, which currently include those in Massachusetts, Michigan and Texas. The vast majority of states, however, do not yet release the data needed to study charter schools in a rigorous way.
Massachusetts has, in part, because "we have a great community of researchers here," says Carrie Conaway, director of the Office of Planning and Research in the state's Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. The work of the SEII scholars has had "a big impact on policy development," she notes, and has been "really important" methodologically, thanks to its use of lottery-based admissions as a data source.
Beyond its studies of secondary schools, SEII has received funding from the Buffett Foundation to study the performance of college students as well.
"Our mission in the SEII center is to design studies to learn about different school models whenever and wherever we can," Angrist says.


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David M. Schizer is Dean Emeritus and the Harvey R. Miller Professor of Law and Economics; Co-director of the Richard P. Richman Center for Business, Law, and Public Policy; Co-director of the Charles Evans Gerber Transactional Studies Center; and Co-director of the Center for Israeli Legal Studies.
He is currently serving as as the Martin D. Ginsburg Visiting Professor at the Georgetown Law Center.
Schizer began his service as the 14th dean of Columbia Law School in July 2004, becoming, at the age of 35, the youngest dean in the School's history. To broaden the curriculum and facilitate greater interactions between faculty and students, he added 43 new faculty members during his tenure, resulting in a student-faculty ratio at Columbia Law School that has never been lower. As dean, Schizer also established a faculty housing program that helped attract top teaching talent to New York City, and he added a ninth floor to Jerome Greene Hall to provide additional office and classroom space.
While strengthening the upper-year curriculum, Schizer launched new centers and programs in arbitration, climate change law, constitutional governance, global legal transformation, the law of India, institutional and social change, intellectual property, Israeli legal studies, national security law, public research and leadership, sexuality and gender law, and transactional studies. He also forged joint ventures with Columbia Business School, including an accelerated J.D./M.B.A. program and the Richard Paul Richman Center for Business, Law, and Public Policy. To enhance opportunities for faculty collaboration and exchange, as well as international degree programs for students, he formed global alliances with the University of Oxford, the University of Amsterdam, Sciences Po, and Paris I.
Schizer increased the financial support received by Columbia Law School and strengthened support for those working in government and public interest jobs. In seven of his 10 years as dean, the Law School raised more than twice as much money as it was raising before his tenure as dean began, and the $353 million capital campaign he led represents a substantial increase over the School's prior $150 million campaign. He stewarded the School through unusually challenging economic times and worked personally on behalf of students to ensure that their employment opportunities remained comparable to those of the generations who came before them. In 1971, the faculty enacted a 10-year term limit and Dean Schizer is the first to whom it applied.
David Schizer is one of the nation's leading tax law scholars, and his research also focuses on energy law and corporate governance issues. He serves as co-director of the Richard Paul Richman Center for Business, Law, and Public Policy; co-director of the Charles Evans Gerber Transactional Studies Center; and co-director of the Center for Israeli Legal Studies. He also serves on the board of Seacor Holdings Inc., an NYSE listed company.


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Frequent Links
Feminist movement
|The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (February 2011)
The Feminist Movement (also known as the women's liberation movement, the women's movement, or feminism) refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence, all of which fall under the label of feminism. The movement's priorities vary among nations and communities and range from opposition to female genital mutilation in one country to opposition to the glass ceiling in another.
Feminism began in the western world in the late 19th century and has gone through three waves. First-wave feminism was oriented around the station of middle- or upper-class white women and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism attempted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. Third-wave feminism is continuing to address the financial, social and cultural inequalities and includes renewed campaigning for greater influence of women in politics and media. In reaction to political activism, feminists have also had to maintain focus on women's reproductive rights, such as the right to abortion.
Feminism in the United States, Canada and a number of countries in western Europe has been divided into three waves by feminist scholars: first, second and third-wave feminism.[1][2] Recent (early 2010s) research suggests there may be a fourth wave characterized, in part, by new media platforms.[3][4]
French Women's Contributions
The feminist movement can be traced back to the 14th century when Christine de Pizan, a French poet, became one of the first female artists to make a living through writing. With the help of the French Revolution a fever for change sparked among French women. One French writer, Olympe de Gouge, became famous for her work The Declaration of the Right of Woman and Citizen during the French Revolution. De Gouge's declaration starts "woman is born free and remains equal to man in her rights." She argues in her writing that women should have equality in all areas of life such as education, government, employment and the judicial systems. Many view de Gouge as the founder of the French feminist movement.
The women's movement became more popular in May 1968 when a defender of women's rights, Simone de Beauvoir, began to write pieces that explained why it was difficult for talented women to become successful. The obstacles de Beauvoir writes about include women's inability to make as much money as men do in the same profession, women's domestic responsibilities, society's lack of support towards talented women, and women's fear that success will lead to an annoyed husband or prevent them from even finding a husband at all. De Beauvoir also argues that woman lack ambition because of how they are raised. Girls are told to follow the duties of their mothers, whereas boys are told to exceed the accomplishments of their fathers. Simone de Beauvoir's work made the feminist movement erupt causing the formation of Le Mouvment de Libѐration de Femmes (The Women's Liberation Movement). This determined group of women wanted to turn her ideas into actions. Contributors to The Women's Liberation Movement include Simone de Beauvoir, Christiane Rochefort, Christine Delphy and Anne Tristan. Through actions the women were able to get few equal rights for example right to education, right to work, and right to vote. One of the most important issues that The Women's Liberation movement faced was the banning of abortion and contraception. The women saw this banning as a violation of women's rights and were determined to fight it. Thus, the women made a declaration known as Le Manifests de 343 which held signatures from 343 women admitting to having had an illegal abortion. The declaration got published in Le Nouvel Observateur and Le Monde, two French newspapers on 5 April 1971. The group gained support upon the publication. Women received the right to abort with the passing of the Veil Law in 1975.[5]
Social changes
The Women's movement effected change in Western society, including women's suffrage, the right to initiate divorce proceedings and "no fault" divorce, the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to own property.[6] It has also led to broad employment for women at more equitable wages, and access to university education.
In 1918 Crystal Eastman wrote an article published in the Birth Control Review, she contended that birth control is a fundamental right for women and must be available as an alternative if they are to participate fully in the modern world. "In short, if feminism, conscious and bold and intelligent, leads the demand, it will besupported by the secret eagerness of all women to control the size of their families, and a suffrage state should make short work of repealing these old laws that stand in the way of birth control." She stated "I don't believe there is one woman within the confines of this state who does not believe in birth control!"[7]
The United Nations Human Development Report 2004 estimated that when both paid employment and unpaid household tasks are accounted for, on average women work more than men. In rural areas of selected developing countries women performed an average of 20% more work than men, or 120% of men's total work, an additional 102 minutes per day. In the OECD countries surveyed, on average women performed 5% more work than men, or 105% of men's total work—an additional 20 minutes per day. However, men did up to 19 minutes more work per day than women in five out of the eighteen OECD countries surveyed: Canada, Denmark, Hungary, Israel, and The Netherlands.[8] According to UN Women, "Women perform 66 percent of the world's work, produce 50 percent of the food, but earn 10 percent of the income and own 1 percent of the property."[9]
Cultural dynamics
The feminist movement's agenda includes acting as a counter to the putatively patriarchal strands in the dominant culture. While differing during the progression of waves, it is a movement that has sought to challenge the political structure, power holders, and cultural beliefs or practices.
Although antecedents to feminism may be found far back before the 18th century, the seeds of the modern feminist movement were planted during the late part of that century. Christine de Pizan, a late medieval writer, was possibly the earliest feminist in the western tradition. She is believed to be the first woman to make a living out of writing. Feminist thought began to take a more substantial shape during the Enlightenment with such thinkers as Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Marquis de Condorcet championing women's education. The first scientific society for women was founded in Middelburg, a city in the south of the Dutch republic, in 1785. Journals for women that focused on issues like science became popular during this period as well.[citation needed]
The women who made the first efforts towards women's suffrage came from more stable and privileged backgrounds, and were able to dedicate time and energy into making change. Initial developments for women, therefore, mainly benefited white women in the middle and upper classes.
Feminists are sometimes, though not exclusively, proponents of using non-sexist language, using "Ms." to refer to both married and unmarried women, for example, or the ironic use of the term "herstory" instead of "history". Feminists are also often proponents of using gender-inclusive language, such as "humanity" instead of "mankind", or "he or she" in place of "he" where the gender is unknown.[citation needed]
Gender-neutral language is a description of language usages which is aimed at minimizing assumptions regarding the biological sex of human referents. The advocacy of gender-neutral language reflects, at least, two different agendas: one aims to clarify the inclusion of both sexes or genders (gender-inclusive language); the other proposes that gender, as a category, is rarely worth marking in language (gender-neutral language). Gender-neutral language is sometimes described as non-sexist language by advocates and politically correct language by opponents.[10]
Not only has the movement come to change the language into gender neutral but the feminist movement has brought up how people use language. Emily Martin describes the concept of how metaphors are gendered and ingrained into everyday life. Metaphors are used in everyday language and have become a way that people describe the world. Martin explains that these metaphors structure how people think and in regards to science can shape what questions are being asked. If the right questions are not being asked then the answers are not going to be the right either. For example, the aggressive sperm and passive egg is a metaphor that felt 'natural' to people in history but as scientists have reexamined this phenomenon they have come up with a new answer. "The sperm tries to pull its getaway act even on the egg itself, but is held down against its struggles by molecules on the surface of the egg that hook together with counterparts on the sperm's surface, fastening the sperm until the egg can absorb it." [11] This is a goal in feminism to see these gendered metaphors and bring it to the public's attention. The outcome of looking at things in a new perspective can produce new information.
Heterosexual relationships
The increased entry of women into the workplace beginning in the 20th century has affected gender roles and the division of labor within households. Sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild in The Second Shift and The Time Bind presents evidence that in two-career couples, men and women, on average, spend about equal amounts of time working, but women still spend more time on housework.[12][13] Feminist writer Cathy Young responds to Hochschild's assertions by arguing that, in some cases, women may prevent the equal participation of men in housework and parenting.[14]
Feminist criticisms of men's contributions to child care and domestic labor in the Western middle class are typically centered around the idea that it is unfair for women to be expected to perform more than half of a household's domestic work and child care when both members of the relationship perform an equal share of work outside the home. Several studies provide statistical evidence that the financial income of married men does not affect their rate of attending to household duties.[15][16]
In Dubious Conceptions, Kristin Luker discusses the effect of feminism on teenage women's choices to bear children, both in and out of wedlock. She says that as childbearing out of wedlock has become more socially acceptable, young women, especially poor young women, while not bearing children at a higher rate than in the 1950s, now see less of a reason to get married before having a child. Her explanation for this is that the economic prospects for poor men are slim, hence poor women have a low chance of finding a husband who will be able to provide reliable financial support due to the rise of unemployment from more workers on the market, from just men to women and men.[17]
Some studies have suggested that both men and women perceive feminism as being incompatible with romance. However, a recent survey of U.S. undergraduates and older adults found that feminism actually has a positive impact on relationship health for women and sexual satisfaction for men, and found no support for negative stereotypes of feminists.[18]
Virginia Satir said the need for relationship education emerged from shifting gender roles as women gained greater rights and freedoms during the 20th century:
"As we moved into the 20th century, we arrived with a very clearly prescribed way that males and females in marriage were to behave with one another ... The pattern of the relationship between husband and wife was that of the dominant male and submissive female ... A new era has since dawned ... the climate of relationships had changed, and women were no longer willing to be submissive ... The end of the dominant/submissive model in relationships was in sight. However, there was very little that had developed to replace the old pattern; couples floundered ... Retrospectively, one could have expected that there would be a lot of chaos and a lot of fall-out. The change from the dominant/submissive model to one of equality is a monumental shift. We are learning how a relationship based on genuine feelings of equality can operate practically."[19]
— Virginia Satir, Introduction to PAIRS
Feminist theology is a movement that reconsiders the traditions, practices, scriptures, and theologies of religions from a feminist perspective. Some of the goals of feminist theology include increasing the role of women among the clergy and religious authorities, reinterpreting male-dominated imagery and language about God, determining the place of women in relation to career and motherhood, and studying images of women in the religion's sacred texts.[20]
The feminist movement has affected religion and theology in profound ways. In liberal branches of Protestant Christianity, women are now allowed to be ordained as clergy, and in Reform, Conservative and Reconstructionist Judaism, women are now allowed to be ordained as rabbis and cantors. In some of these groups, some women are gradually obtaining positions of power that were formerly only held by men, and their perspectives are now sought out in developing new statements of belief. These trends, however, have been resisted within most sects of Islam, Roman Catholicism, and Orthodox Christianity.
Christian feminism is a branch of feminist theology which seeks to reinterpret and understand Christianity in light of the equality of women and men. While there is no standard set of beliefs among Christian feminists, most agree that God does not discriminate on the basis of biologically determined characteristics such as sex. Their major issues are the ordination of women, male dominance in Christian marriage, and claims of moral deficiency and inferiority of abilities compared to men. They also are concerned with the balance of parenting between mothers and fathers, and the overall treatment of women in the church.[21][22]
Early feminists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton concentrated almost solely on "making women equal to men". However, the Christian feminist movement chose to concentrate on the language of religion because they viewed the historic gendering of God as male as a result of the pervasive influence of patriarchy. Rosemary Radford Ruether provided a systematic critique of Christian theology from a feminist and theist point of view.[23]
Islamic feminism is concerned with the role of women in Islam and aims for the full equality of all Muslims, regardless of gender, in public and private life. Although rooted in Islam, the movement's pioneers have also utilized secular and Western feminist discourses.[24] Advocates of the movement seek to highlight the deeply rooted teachings of equality in the Quran and encourage a questioning of the patriarchal interpretation of Islamic teaching through the Quran, hadith (sayings of Muhammad), and sharia (law) towards the creation of a more equal and just society.[25]
Jewish feminism seeks to improve the religious, legal, and social status of women within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience and leadership for Jewish women. In its modern form, the movement can be traced to the early 1970s in the United States. According to Judith Plaskow, who has focused on feminism in Reform Judaism, the main issues for early Jewish feminists in these movements were the exclusion from the all-male prayer group or minyan, the exemption from positive time-bound mitzvot, and women's inability to function as witnesses and to initiate divorce.[26]
Women's health
Historically there has been a need to study and contribute to the health and well-being of a woman that previously has been lacking. Londa Schiebinger suggests that the common biomedical model is no longer adequate and there is a need for a broader model to ensure that all aspects of a woman are being cared for. Schiebinger describes six contributions that must occur in order to have success: political movement, academic women studies, affirmative action, health equality act, geo-political forces, and professional women not being afraid to talk openly about women issues.
Political movements come from the streets and are what the people as a whole want to see changed. An academic women study is the support from universities in order to teach a subject that most people have never encountered. Affirmative action enacted is a legal change to acknowledge and do something for the times of neglect people were subjected to. Women's Health Equity Act legally enforces the idea that medicine needs to be tested in suitable standards such as including women in research studies and is also allocates a set amount of money to research diseases that are specific towards women. Geo-political forces can improve health, when the country is not at a sense of threat in war there is more funding and resources to focus on other needs, such as women's health. Lastly, professional women not being afraid to talk about women's issues moves women from entering into these jobs and preventing them for just acting as men and instead embracing their concerns for the health of women. These six factors need to be included in order for there to be change in women's health.[27]
See also
- Subjects or international organisations
- Equity feminism
- Individualist feminism
- Jewish feminism
- Material feminism
- Marxist feminism
- New Thought
- Relationship education
- Timeline of women's rights (other than voting)
- Timeline of women's suffrage
- Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
- List of suffragists and suffragettes
- List of feminists
- List of women's rights activists
- Women, Culture, and Society
- By continent
- Country or region specific articles
- ^ Humm, 1978. p. 251.
- ^ Walker, Rebecca, 'Becoming the Third Wave' in Ms. (January/February 1992) pp. 39–41.
- ^ Baumgardner, Jennifer (2011). F 'em! : goo goo, gaga, and some thoughts on balls. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press. p. 250. ISBN 1580053602.
- ^ Phillips, Ruth; Cree, Viviene E. (21 February 2014). "What does the 'Fourth Wave' Mean for Teaching Feminism in Twenty-First Century Social Work?". Social Work Education 33 (7): 930–943. doi:10.1080/02615479.2014.885007.
- ^ Kuhlman, Olivia. "Inequalities of Contemporary French Women". Retrieved 20 March 2015.
- ^ Messer-Davidow, Ellen, Disciplining feminism: from social activism to academic discourse (Duke University Press, 2002), ISBN 978-0-8223-2843-8.
- ^ Eastman, Crystal. "Birth Control in the Feminist Program." In Crystal Eastman on Women and Revolution, Blanche Wiesen Cook, pp. 46-9. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. The Right to Birth Control
- ^ "Section 28: Gender, Work Burden, and Time Allocation in United Nations Human Development Report 2004" (PDF). (p. 233).
- ^ Facts & Figures on Women, Poverty & Economics, Webpage published by UN Women.
- ^ "Gender Neutral Language." University of Saskatchewan Policies, 2001. http://www.usask.ca/policies/2_03.htm. Accessed March 25, 2007.
- ^ Freedman, David "The Aggressive Egg" Discover Vol. 13 No. 06, June 1992. (50).
- ^ Hochschild, Arlie Russell, The Second Shift (Penguin, 2003), ISBN 978-0-14-200292-6.
- ^ Hochschild, Arlie Russell, The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work (Owl Books U.S, 2003), ISBN 978-0-8050-6643-2.
- ^ The mama lion at the gate – Salon.com.
- ^ Scott J. South and Glenna Spitze, "Housework in Marital and Nonmarital Households", American Sociological Review 59, no. 3 (1994):327–348.
- ^ Sarah Fenstermaker Berk and Anthony Shih, "Contributions to Household Labour: Comparing Wives' and Husbands' Reports,", in Berk, ed., Women and Household Labour.
- ^ Luker, Kristin, Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of the Teenage Pregnancy Crisis. Harvard University Press (1996).
- ^ Laurie A. Rudman & Julie E. Phelan, "The Interpersonal Power of Feminism: Is Feminism Good for Romantic Relationships?", Sex Roles, vol. 57, no. 11–12, December 2007.
- ^ Satir, Virginia. "Introduction to PAIRS," PAIRS Foundation, Hollywood, FL. Cited with permission. (2012112710011715).
- ^ Bundesen, Linda, The Feminine Spirit: Recapturing the Heart of Scripture (Jossey Bass Wiley, 2007), ISBN 978-0-7879-8495-3.
- ^ Haddad, Mimi, "Egalitarian Pioneers: Betty Friedan or Catherine Booth?" Priscilla Papers, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Autumn 2006).
- ^ Anderson, Pamela Sue and Beverley Clack, eds., Feminist Philosophy of Religion: Critical Readings (London: Routledge, 2004).
- ^ Ochs, Carol (1977). Behind the Sex of God – Toward a New Consciousness Transcending Matriarchy and Patriarchy. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.
- ^ II International Congress on Islamic Feminism.
- ^ Al-Ahram Weekly | Culture | Islamic feminism: what's in a name?
- ^ Plaskow, Judith. "Jewish Feminist Thought" in Frank, Daniel H. & Leaman, Oliver. History of Jewish Philosophy, Routledge, first published 1997; this edition 2003.
- ^ Has feminism changed science? Londa Schiebinger. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. Chapter 6.
External Links
- 16x16px Media related to Feminist demonstrations at Wikimedia Commons
- The M and S Collection at the Library of Congress contains materials on the Women's Movement.
no:Kvinnebevegelsen nn:Kvinnerørsla sr:Женски покрет uk:Жіночий рух


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