text:
|July 13, 2013
|Social movement
Key people
|Shaun King
DeRay Mckesson
Johnetta Elzie
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is an activist movement, originating in the African-American community, that campaigns against violence toward black people. BLM regularly organizes protests around the deaths of black people in killings by law enforcement officers, and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system.
In 2013, the movement began with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatteron social media, after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of African-American teen Trayvon Martin. Black Lives Matter became nationally recognized for its street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two African Americans: Michael Brown, resulting in protests and unrest in Ferguson, and Eric Garner in New York City.[1][2]
Since the Ferguson protests, participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of numerous other African Americans by police actions or while in police custody, including those of Tamir Rice, Eric Harris, Walter Scott,Jonathan Ferrell, Sandra Bland, Samuel DuBose, and Freddie Gray, which led to protests and rioting in Baltimore. In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began to publicly challenge politicians—including politicians in the 2016 United States presidential election—to state their positions on BLM issues. The overall Black Lives Matter movement, however, is a decentralized network and has no formal hierarchy or structure.
In the summer of 2013, after George Zimmerman's acquittal for the shooting deathof Trayvon Martin, the movement began with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter.[4] The movement was co-founded by three black community organizers: Alicia Garza,Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi.[5][6]
BLM claims inspiration from the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the Black Power movement, the 1980s Black feminist movement, Pan-Africanism, Anti-Apartheid Movement, Hip hop, LGBTQ social movements and Occupy Wall Street.[7]
Garza, Cullors and Tometi met through "Black Organizing for Leadership & Dignity" (BOLD), a national organization that trains community organizers.[7] They began to question how they were going to respond to the devaluation of black lives after Zimmerman's acquittal. Garza wrote a Facebook post titled "A Love Note to Black People" in which she wrote: "Our Lives Matter, Black Lives Matter". Cullors replied: "#BlackLivesMatter". Tometi then added her support, and Black Lives Matter was born as an online campaign.[7]
In August 2014, BLM members organized their first in-person national protest in the form of a "Black Lives Matter Freedom Ride" to Ferguson, Missouri after theshooting of Michael Brown.[7] More than five hundred members descended upon Ferguson to participate in non-violent demonstrations. Of the many groups that descended on Ferguson, Black Lives Matter emerged from Ferguson as one of the best organized and most visible groups, becoming nationally recognized as symbolic of the emerging movement.[7] Since August 2014, Black Lives Matter has organized more than one thousand protest demonstrations. On Black Friday in November, Black Lives Matter staged demonstrations at stores and malls across the United States.[7]
In 2015, after the death of Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland, black activists around the world modeled efforts for reform on Black Lives Matter and the Arab Spring.[7] This international movement has been referred to as the "Black Spring".[8][9]Connections have also been forged with parallel international efforts such as the Dalit rights movement.[10] Expanding beyond street protests, BLM has expanded to activism, such as the 2015 University of Missouri protests, on American college campuses.[11]
Currently, there are at least twenty-three Black Lives Matter chapters in the U.S., Canada, and Ghana.[12] Other Black Lives Matter leaders include: DeRay Mckesson, Shaun King, Marissa Johnson, Nekima Levy-Pounds, and Johnetta Elzie.
Black Lives Matter originally used social media—including hashtag activism—to reach thousands of people rapidly.[7] Since then, Black Lives Matters has embraced a diversity of tactics.[13] BLM generally engages in direct action tactics that make people uncomfortable enough that they must address the issue.[14]
BLM has been known to build power through protest.[15] BLM has held rallies and marches, including one for the death of Corey Jones in Palm Beach, Florida.[16]BLM has also staged die-ins and held one during the 2015 Twin Cities Marathon.[17]
Political slogans used during demonstrations include the eponymous "Black Lives Matter", "Hands up, don't shoot" (a later discredited reference attributed to Michael Brown[18]), "I can't breathe"[19][20] (referring to Eric Garner), "White silence is violence",[21] "No justice, no peace",[22][23] and "Is my son next?",[24] among others.
Most of the protesters actively distinguish themselves from the older generation of black leadership, such as Al Sharpton, by their aversion to middle-class traditions such as church involvement, Democratic Party loyalty, and respectability politics.[25][26]
It is important to note that music is an important repertoire of contention for the black lives matter movement. Rappers such as Kendrick Lamar have used music to promote structural conduciveness necessary for a social movement to maintain momentum according to value added theory.[27] Songs such as "Alright" have been used as a rallying call.[28] Beyoncé's most recent production Lemonade featured Mike Brown and Trayvon Martin's mothers crying while holding the last images they have of their sons, in effect propelling the issue of police brutality to a national stage.[29] The video for her single "Formation" (2016) celebrates southern black culture and features a line of policemen holding up their hands while a hooded black boy dances in front of them. The video also features a shot of graffiti on a wall reading "stop shooting us".[30]
Memes are also important in garnering support for and against the Black Lives Matter new social movement. Information communication technologies such as Facebook and Twitter spread memes and are important tools for garnering web support in hopes of producing a spillover effect into the offline world.[31] The use of ICTs facilitate the spread of the message "All Lives Matter" as a response to the Black Lives Matter hashtag as well as the "Blue Lives Matter" hashtag as a response to Beyonce's halftime performance speaking out against police brutality.[32][33]
Black Lives Matter incorporates those traditionally on the margins of black freedom movements.[7] The organization's website, for instance, states that Black Lives Matter is "a unique contribution that goes beyond extrajudicial killings of black people by police and vigilantes" and, embracing intersectionality, that "Black Lives Matter affirms the lives of black queer and trans folks, disabled folks, blackundocumented folks, folks with records, women and all black lives along the gender spectrum."[34]
Founder Alicia Garza summed up the philosophy behind Black Lives Matter as follows: "When we say Black Lives Matter, we are talking about the ways in which Black people are deprived of our basic human rights and dignity. It is an acknowledgement Black poverty and genocide is state violence. It is an acknowledgment that 1 million Black people are locked in cages in this country–one half of all people in prisons or jails–is an act of state violence. It is an acknowledgment that Black women continue to bear the burden of a relentless assault on our children and our families and that assault is an act of state violence."
Garza went on: "Black queer and trans folks bearing a unique burden in a hetero-patriarchal society that disposes of us like garbage and simultaneously fetishizes us and profits off of us is state violence; the fact that 500,000 Black people in the US are undocumented immigrants and relegated to the shadows is state violence; the fact that Black girls are used as negotiating chips during times of conflict and war is state violence; Black folks living with disabilities and different abilities bear the burden of state-sponsored Darwinian experiments that attempt to squeeze us into boxes of normality defined by White supremacy is state violence. And the fact is that the lives of Black people—not ALL people—exist within these conditions is consequence of state violence."[35]
In 2014, the American Dialect Society chose #BlackLivesMatter as their word of the year.[36][37] Over eleven hundred black professors expressed support for BLM.[38]Several media organizations have referred to BLM as "a new civil rights movement".[1][39][40] #BlackLivesMatter was voted as one of the twelve hashtags that changed the world in 2014.[41]
In 2015, Serena Williams expressed her support for Black Lives Matter, writing to BLM: "Keep it up. Don't let those trolls stop you. We've been through so much for so many centuries, and we shall overcome this too."[42]
As a part of a general assembly, the Unitarian Universalist Church passed a resolution in support of BLM and staged a die-in in Portland, Oregon.[43] Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi, and Alicia Garza—as "The Women of #BlackLivesMatter" — were listed as one of the nine runners-up for The Advocate's Person of the Year.[44]
The February 2015 issue of Essence Magazine and the cover was devoted to Black Lives Matter.[45] In December 2015, BLM was a contender for the Time Magazine Person of the Year award. Angela Merkel won the award while BLM came in fourth of the eight candidates.[46]
On May 9, 2016 Delrish Moss was sworn in as the first permanent African-American police chief in Ferguson, where he acknowledges he faces such challenges as diversifying the police force, creating dramatic improvements in community relations, and addressing issues that catalyzed the Black Lives Matter movement.[47]
Notable protests and demonstrations
In August 2014, during Labor Day weekend, Black Lives Matter organized a "Freedom Ride", that brought more than 500 African-Americans from across the United States into Ferguson, Missouri, to support the work being done on the ground by local organizations.[48]
Black Lives Matter members and supporters rode in from New York City, Newark, Boston, Chicago, Columbus, Miami, Detroit, Houston, Oakland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Nashville, Portland, Tucson, Washington, D.C., and more, in a similar way to that of the Freedom Riders in the 1960s.[49] The movement has been generally involved in the Ferguson unrest, following the death of Michael Brown.[50]
In November in Oakland, California, fourteen Black Lives Matter activists were arrested after they stopped a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) train for more than an hour on Black Friday, one of the biggest shopping days of the year. The protest, which was led by Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza, was organized in response to the grand jury decision not to indict Darren Wilson for the death of Mike Brown.[51][52]
In December, 2,000–3,000 people gathered at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, to protest the killings of unarmed black men by police.[53] At least twenty members of a protest that had been using the slogan were arrested.[54] InMilwaukee, Wisconsin, BLM protested the Shooting of Dontre Hamilton, who died in April.[55] Black Lives Matter protested the Shooting of John Crawford III.[56] TheShooting of Renisha McBride was protested by Black Lives Matter.[57]
Also in December, in response to the decision by the grand jury not to indict Darren Wilson on any charges related to the death of Michael Brown, a protest march was held in Berkeley, California. Later, in 2015, protesters and journalists who participated in that rally filed a lawsuit alleging "unconstitutional police attacks" on attendees.[58]
|This section is outdated. (December 2015)
In March, BLM protested at Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel's office, demanding reforms within the Chicago Police Department.[59] In Cobb County, Georgia, the movement protested the death of Nicholas Thomas who was shot and killed by the police.[60]
In April, Black Lives Matter across the United States protested over the death of Freddie Gray which included the 2015 Baltimore protests.[61][62] Black Lives Matter organizers supported the fast food strike in solidarity with fast food workers, and to oppose racial income inequality.[63] On April 14, BLM protested across U.S. cities.[64] In Zion, Illinois, several hundred protested over the fatal shooting of Justus Howell.[65] After the shooting of Walter Scott, Black Lives Matter called for citizen oversight of police.[66]
In May, a protest by BLM in San Francisco was part of a nationwide protest decrying the police killing of black women and girls, which included the deaths of Meagan Hockaday, Aiyana Jones, Rekia Boyd and others.[67] In Cleveland, Ohio, after an officer was acquitted at trial in the Shooting of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams, BLM protested.[68] In Madison, Wisconsin, BLM protested after the officer was not charged in the Shooting of Tony Robinson.[69]
In June, after a shooting in a historically black church in Charleston, South Carolina, BLM issued a statement and condemned the shooting as an act of terror.[70] BLM across the country marched, protested and held vigil for several days after the shooting.[71][72] BLM was part of a march for peace on the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge in South Carolina.[73] After the Charleston shooting, a number of memorials to the Confederate States of America were graffitied with "Black Lives Matter" or otherwise vandalized.[74][75] Around 800 people protested in McKinney, Texas after a video was released showing an officer pinning a girl—at a pool party in McKinney, Texas—to the ground with his knees.[76]
In July, BLM protesters shut down Allen Road in Toronto, Ontario, protesting the shooting deaths of two black men in the metropolitan area—Andrew Loku and Jermaine Carby—at the hands of police.[77] BLM activists across the United States began protests over the death of Sandra Bland, an African-American woman, who was allegedly found hanged in a jail cell in Waller County, Texas.[78][79] In Cincinnati, Ohio, BLM rallied and protested the Death of Samuel DuBose after he was shot and killed by a University of Cincinnati police officer.[80] In Newark, New Jersey, over a thousand BLM activists marched against police brutality, racial injustice, and economic inequality.[81]
In August, BLM organizers held a rally in Washington, D.C., calling for a stop to violence against transgender women.[82] InSt. Louis, Missouri, BLM activists protested the death of Mansur Ball-Bey who was shot and killed by police.[83] In Charlotte, North Carolina, after a judge declared a mistrial in the trial of a white Charlotte police officer who killed an unarmed black man, Jonathan Ferrell, BLM protested and staged die-ins.[84] In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Janelle Monae, Jidenna and other BLM activists marched through North Philadelphia to bring awareness to police brutality and Black Lives Matter.[85]
Around August 9, the one-year anniversary of Michael Brown's death, BLM rallied, held vigil and marched in St. Louis and across the country.[86][87]
In September, BLM activists shut down streets in Toronto, rallied against police brutality, and stood in solidarity with marginalized black lives. Black Lives Matter was a featured part of the Take Back the Night event in Toronto.[88] In Austin, Texas, over five hundred BLM protesters rallied against police brutality, and several briefly carried protest banners onto Interstate 35.[89] In Baltimore, Maryland, BLM activists marched and protested as hearings began in the Freddie Gray police brutalitycase.[90] In Sacramento, California, about eight hundred BLM protesters rallied to support a California Senate bill that would increase police oversight.[91] BLM protested the Shooting of Jeremy McDole.[92] [[
File:Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality (21552438456).jpg|thumb|Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality at Metro Green Line]]
In October, Black Lives Matters activists were arrested during a protest of a police chiefs conference in Chicago.[93] Activists in Los Angeles Black Lives Matter activists were among several organizations that disrupted a community meeting with Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti at a church in South L.A.[94] The protesters said that Garcetti had broken a promise to work with their organization to plan a meeting. The pastor of the church that hosted the meeting denied that Black Lives Matter organizers had been excluded.[95]
"Rise Up October" straddled the Black Lives Matter Campaign, and brought several protests.[96] Quentin Tarantino andCornel West, participating in "Rise Up October", decried police violence.[97] A Dunkin Donuts employee in Providence, Rhode Island wrote "black lives matter" on a police officer's cup of coffee which resulted in protests.[clarification needed][98] AtUCLA, students protested "Black Bruins Matter" after some students wore blackface to a Kanye West-themed fraternityparty.[99]
In November, BLM activists protested after Jamar Clark was shot by Minneapolis Police Department.[100] A continuous protest was organized at the Minneapolis 4th Precinct Police. During the encamped protest, protestors and outside agitators clashed with police, vandalized the station and attempted to ram the station with an SUV.[101][102][103] Later that month a march was organized to honor Jamar Clark, from the 4th Precinct to downtown Minneapolis. After the march, a group of men carrying firearms and body armor[104] appeared and began calling the protesters racial slurs according to a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter. After protesters asked the armed men to leave, the men opened fire, shooting five protesters.[105][106] All injuries required hospitalization, but were not life-threatening. The men fled the scene only to be found later and arrested. The three men arrested were young and white, and observers called them white supremacists.[107][108]
In November 2015, students at Dartmouth College held a peaceful meeting and march after a Black Lives Matter art installation on the campus was vandalized. After the march, a smaller group of students entered the university library and conducted a protest there.[109] The Dartmouth Review, a conservative campus publication, reported that the protesters had shoved other students and used profanity. Campus police and college officials claimed they had not observed any incidents of shoving or other physical violence.[110]
In January, hundreds of BLM protesters marched in San Francisco to protest the December 2, 2015 shooting death of Mario Woods, who was shot by San Francisco Police officers. The march was held during a Super Bowl event.[111]
In late May, BLM activists[disputed ] disrupted a speech by Milo Yiannopoulos at DePaul University. Security did not intervene to stop the protests, despite the university requiring organizers to cover the cost of additional security.[112][113]
On July 7, a sniper attack occurred during a rally in Dallas, Texas[114] that was organized to protest the death of Alton Sterling. Five police officers were killed, and seven wounded. Two civilians were also shot, bringing the total number of victims to fourteen. Initial reports were of multiple coordinated snipers, but officials later reported that the suspect, Micah Johnson, who was killed in the incident, acted alone. Before he died, according to police, Johnson said that "he was upset about Black Lives Matter", and that "he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers."[115][115] Texas Lt. GovernorDan Patrick and other conservative lawmakers blamed the shootings on the Black Lives Matter movement.[116][117] The Black Lives Matter network released a statement denouncing the shootings.[118][119][120]
2016 presidential election
In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began to publicly challenge politicians—including 2016 United States presidential candidates—to state their positions on BLM issues.[121]
In August 2015, the Democratic National Committee passed a resolution supporting Black Lives Matter.[122]
In the first Democratic debate, the presidential candidates were asked whether black lives matter or all lives matter.[123] In reply, Bernie Sanders stated "black lives matter."[123] Martin O'Malley said, "Black lives matter," and that the "movement is making is a very, very legitimate and serious point, and that is that as a nation we have undervalued the lives of black lives, people of color."[124] Jim Webb, on the other hand, replied: "as the president of the United States, every life in this country matters."[123] Hillary Clinton was not directly asked the same question, but was instead asked: "What would you do for African Americans in this country that President Obama couldn't?"[125]
In response to what she would do differently from President Obama for African-Americans, Hillary Clinton pushed for criminal justice reform, and said, "We need a new New Deal for communities of color."[126] Clinton had already met with Black Lives Matter representatives in August 2015, and expressed skepticism in the movement's practical application.[clarification needed][127] In June 2015, Clinton was reported to have said "All lives matter."[128]
Republican candidates have been mostly critical of BLM. In August 2015, Ben Carson, the only African American vying for the presidency, called the movement "silly".[129] Carson also said that BLM should care for all black lives, not just a few.[130]In the first Republican presidential debate, which took place in Cleveland, only one question referenced Black Lives Matter.[131] In response to the question, Scott Walker did not acknowledge Black Lives Matter and advocated for the proper training of law enforcement.[131]
Republican presidential candidate Scott Walker blamed the movement for rising anti-police sentiment,[132] while Marco Rubio was the first candidate to publicly sympathize with the movement's point of view.[133]
Several conservative pundits have labeled the movement a "hate group".[134] Candidate Chris Christie, the New Jersey Governor, criticized President Obama for supporting BLM, claiming the movement calls for the murder of police officers,[135]which was condemned by New Jersey chapters of the NAACP and ACLU.[136]
BLM activists called on the Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee to have a presidential debate focused on issues of racial justice.[137] Both parties, however, declined to alter their debate schedule, and instead the parties support a townhall or forum.[138]
At the Netroots Nation Conference in July 2015, dozens of Black Lives Matter activists took over the stage at an event featuring Martin O'Malley and Bernie Sanders. Activists, including Black Lives Matter co-founder Patrisse Cullors, asked both candidates for specific policy proposals to address deaths in police custody.[139] The protesters chanted several slogans, including "if I die in police custody, burn everything down". After conference organizers pleaded with the protesters for several minutes, O'Malley responded by pledging to release a wide-ranging plan for criminal justice reform. Protesters later booed O'Malley when he stated "Black lives matter. White lives matter. All lives matter."[140] O'Malley later apologized for his remarks, saying that he didn't mean to disrespect the black community.[140]
On August 8, 2015, a speech by Democratic presidential candidate and civil rights activist Bernie Sanders was disrupted by a group from the Seattle Chapter of Black Lives Matter including chapter co-founder Marissa Johnson[141] who walked onstage, seized the microphone from him and called his supporters racists and white supremacists.[142][143][144] Sanders issued a platform in response.[145]
Nikki Stephens, the operator of a Facebook page called "Black Lives Matter: Seattle" issued an apology to Sanders' supporters, claiming these actions did not represent her understanding of BLM. She was then sent messages by members of the Seattle Chapter which she described as threatening, and was forced to change the name of her group to "Black in Seattle". The founders of Black Lives Matter stated that they had not issued an apology.[146]
In August, activists chanting "Black Lives Matter" interrupted the Las Vegas rally of Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush.[147] As Bush exited early, some of his supporters started responding to the protesters by chanting "white lives matter" or "all lives matter".[148]
In October, a speech by Hillary Clinton on criminal justice reform and race at Atlanta University Center was interrupted by BLM activists.[149]
In November, a BLM protester was physically assaulted at a Donald Trump rally in Birmingham, Alabama. In response, Trump said, "maybe he should have been roughed up because it was absolutely disgusting what he was doing."[150] Trump had previously threatened to fight any Black Lives Matter protesters if they attempted to speak at one of his events.[151]
In March 2016, Black Lives Matter helped organize the 2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest that forced Trump to cancel the event.[152][153] Four individuals were arrested and charged in the incident. Two were "charged with felony aggravated battery to a police officer and resisting arrest", one was "charged with two misdemeanor counts of resisting and obstructing a peace officer", and the fourth "was charged with one misdemeanor count of resisting and obstructing a peace officer".[154] A CBS reporter was one of those arrested outside the rally. He was charged with resisting arrest.[155]
"All Lives Matter"
Some politicians,[who?] critics,[who?] and scholars[who?] have responded to the Black Lives Matter movement by countering that the phrase "All Lives Matter" would be a more proper title.[citation needed] Tim Scott has defended the usage of the "All Lives Matter" term.[156]
On Real Time with Bill Maher Bill Maher expressed support of the "Black Lives Matter" phrase, stating that "'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not".[157] Founders have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, "#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within White supremacy, are important to your liberation."[158]
In a video interview with Laura Flanders, Garza discussed how "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand structural racism in this country". She went on to discuss how other lives are valued more than black lives, which she strongly feels is wrong, and that to take blackness out of this equation is inappropriate.[159]
The movement challenges the "universalizing politics" implied in the notion of a Post-racial America, and the phrase 'All Lives Matter' reflects a view of "racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial", according to critical race theory scholar David Theo Goldberg.[160]
President Barack Obama spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.[161] Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter … rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African American community that's not happening in other communities." He also said "that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address."[14]
On February 24, 2016, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten "Black Lives Matter" phrases on the company walls and had written "All Lives Matter" in their place. Facebook allows employees to free-write thoughts and phrases on company walls. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but "malicious as well".[162]
According to Zuckerberg's memo, "Black Lives Matter doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve." The memo noted that the act of crossing something out in itself, "means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's".[163][164][165]
Issues protested
African-American critics of the movement include neurosurgeon and former Republican presidential candidate Ben Carson, minister Johnathan Gentry of the West Angeles Church of God in Christ, and author and minister Barbara Ann Reynolds.[166][167]
Deroy Murdock questioned the number of black people killed by police that is reported by BLM. He wrote, "But the notion that America's cops simply are gunning down innocent black people is one of today's biggest and deadliest lies."[168] The hashtag #BlueLivesMatter was created by supporters who stood up for police officers' lives.[169] Some critics also accuse Black Lives Matter of "anti-white and anti-police radicalism".[170]
Many individuals in law enforcement have been critical of BLM. Sheriff David A. Clarke, Jr of Milwaukee County has been critical of Black Lives Matter, stating that there is no police brutality problem in America and that "there is no racism in the hearts of police officers".[171] John McWhorter said that the Black Lives Matter movement should take on black-on-black crime.[172]
Seattle Seahawks Richard Sherman said about the "Black Lives Matter" movement, "I dealt with a best friend getting killed, and it was [by] two 35-year-old black men. There was no police officer involved, there wasn't anybody else involved, and I didn't hear anybody shouting 'black lives matter' then."[173]
Breitbart journalist Milo Yiannopoulos has criticized the structure and main goals of the BLM movement.[174]
Some black civil rights leaders, such as Rev. Cecil "Chip" Murray, Najee Ali, Earl Ofari Hutchinson, have criticized the tactics of BLM.[175] Marchers using a BLM banner were recorded in a video chanting, "Pigs in a blanket, fry 'em like bacon" at the Minnesota State Fair. Law enforcement groups said that the chant promotes death to police. The protest organizer disputed that interpretation.[176]
A North Carolina police chief retired after calling BLM a terrorist group.[177] A police officer in Oregon was removed from street duty following a social media post in which he said he would have to "babysit these fools", in reference to planned BLM event.[178]
Some commentators and law enforcement have said that BLM has made it hard for police to do their job, leading to a rise in crime rates.[168] Commentators have referred to this as the "Ferguson effect."[168] FBI Director James Comey, for example, suggested that the movement is partly leading to a national rise in crime rates because police officers have pulled back from doing their jobs.[179] However, there had been even larger crime spikes prior to the events in Ferguson.[180]
White groups
In response to BLM, Facebook pages purporting to represent "White Student Unions" with the slogan "White Lives Matter" have been linked to college campuses in the United States.[181] The pages often promise a "safe space" for white students and condemn alleged anti-white racism on campus.[182] However, many of the groups were not verified as legitimate student organizations registered with their respective universities.[181]
Media depictions
- Black Lives Matter appeared in an episode of Law & Order: SVU.[4][35]
- The TV drama Scandal depicted Black Lives Matter on their March 5, 2015, episode that showed an unarmed black teen shot by a police officer.[183]
- The documentary short film Bars4Justice features brief appearances by various activists and recording artists affiliated with the Black Lives Matter movement. The film is an official selection of the 24th Annual Pan African Film Festival.


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Bob Sheppard and Preparation
I've heard the story with several different players, one of them being the delightfully-named Kenny Szotkiewicz, utility infielder of the 1970 Detroit Tigers. When such an idiosyncratic name would appear on Bob Sheppard's scorecard at Yankee Stadium, he would take no chances. He would go to the visitors' clubhouse (and especially in the pre-renovation Stadium of the '50s, '60s, and early '70s, this meant more than just a quick trip into the elevator) and ask someone he knew to introduce him to the player in question.
2 Comments
What a lovely, lovely man.
It says a great deal about Mr. Sheppard's character that he took the time to go directly to the source in order to learn how to correctly pronounce the more problematic names of ballplayers.
Wow. As someone with both a somewhat difficult/uncommon first name AND last name, I applaud Mr. Sheppard's thoroughness and thoughtfulness. For some, maybe it wouldn't be a big deal; but for others of us, Mr. Sheppard's kindness would mean everything.
We have a local announcer in our area (volunteer dad, nothing professional though he sure could if he wanted!) who *always* asked for the phonetic translation on a roster of names for both teams. I always appreciated that since, like the first commenter, our family has a kinda tricky last name.
My Sheppard was all class for taking the time to do that.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Downtown Music festival returned to New York CIty on May 10, 2013 to highlight a selection of buzzworthy artists from across the country. The evening started out at Element where Earl Sweatshirt, Ryan Hemsworth, and Antwon performed. The festivities continued at Capitale where Black Hippy was in attendance and ScHoolboy Q played an extended set. The evening ended with a late night performance from the emerging New York artist Kilo Kish at Tammany Hall. Pictures from NIght 2 coming soon. All photos by Lucas Farrar / Far Fetched Future.


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Orlando, FL – The Orlando Solar Bears, proud affiliate of the NHL's Minnesota Wild and Toronto Maple Leafs and AHL's Iowa Wild and Toronto Marlies, announced today that forward Kory Nagy has been loaned today to the team's AHL affiliate, the Toronto Marlies.
Nagy has played in all eight of Orlando's games this year, collecting one goal and adding three assists for four points along with a +3 rating. He was drafted in the fifth round, #142 overall, by the New Jersey Devils in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft and played 63 games for the Trenton Titans last season, scoring 10 goals and adding 20 assists along with 34 PIM. He also appeared in one game with the Adirondack Phantoms of the AHL (American Hockey League).
Nagy played the entire 2011-12 season with the Albany Devils (AHL), where he had four goals and four assists in 53 games. Nagy divided the 2010-11 season between the Trenton Devils (ECHL) and Albany Devils, earning 22 points (9 goals, 13 assists) in 57 games with Trenton and one assist in 13 games with Albany. In his first pro season, in 2009-10, he scored four goals and added nine assists for 13 points with Trenton and had six points (2 goals, 4 assists) in 31 games for Albany.
In his ECHL career, Nagy has collected 23 goals and 42 assists for 65 points in 153 games while his AHL career totals 15 points on six goals and nine assists.
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From Al Akhbar English:
As crowds occupied the streets of Caracas, Venezuela on the evening of Sunday 7th October, to celebrate the successful re-election of President Hugo Chavez, a Lebanese flag was held aloft. As they poured into the grounds of Miraflores to hear him speak
from the balcony of the Presidential palace, later that night, a Palestinian flag was also visible as it was waved above our heads. These symbols were not without meaning; the re-election of Chavez with 55%, eleven points ahead of his opponent, Henrique
Radonski, will have repercussions not only in the continent of Latin America, but also in
the Arab world.
On Tuesday, just two days after his electoral victory, Chavez re-iterated his support for the Syrian government, of which he has been characteristically vocal over the last year. It is a far cry from the pre-election promises of Capriles, who was seen by many in
Venezuela as 'the candidate of the United States' and had pledged to develop 'closer relations with Israel', as well as re-thinking several areas of foreign policy. Chavez, on the other hand, took the step of expelling the Israeli ambassador in January 2009,
during the bombing campaign of Operation Cast Lead in Gaza. It was not the first time he had taken such action, after ordering the US ambassador to leave in September 2008.
From the evidence of his first press conference since being re-elected, and particularly in regard to the Arab world, it is clear that re-thinking foreign policy is the last thing on Chavez' mind. He described Assad's as the 'only legitimate government' of Syria, before
continuing to add:
"[he] has made a huge effort to make concessions, constitutional changes, [and has] called for elections, but none of that is true for those who want to overthrow it." Whilst speaking from the 'People's Balcony' of Miraflores, at just before midnight on
Sunday, Chavez called for re-conciliation with the opposition at home, but he knows that his victory, although down from the 26% margin he won by in 2006, would be a considered a landslide in many other countries and gives him a strong democratic mandate
for the next six years of government. Foreign policy has often been a talking point during the last fourteen years of Chavez' government, and his popularity, so pervasive amongst the poorest sections of Venezuelan society, has also spread as far as occupied Palestine,
the south of Lebanon, and many parts of the Arab world.
Chavez vehemently denounced the NATO bombing of Libya earlier this year, which he described at the time as "imperial cynicism", a "massacre" and a "madness" that had "destroyed" the country. On Tuesday, Chavez took the opportunity to mention former Libyan President Colonel Gaddafi, saying that "the way he died was a barbarity."
Some western commentators have criticised Chavez' support for what they see as dictatorial governments in Libya and, now, Syria,
whilst recognising the democratic credentials of Venezuela itself. However, Chavez is particularly aware of what demonization of political
leaders who challenge or question the dominant narrative – once referred to as the "Washington Consensus" but now struggling to
retain one hand, let alone a "consensus" in Latin America – can lead to. The April 2002 coup d'etat against his government, which
resulted in huge demonstrations and the re-instatement of Chavez after just forty-eight hours, was preceded by much hysterical
commentary in both the US and in the privately-owned Venezuelan media, which routinely referred to Chavez as an "autocrat", a
"monkey" or even "Venezuela's Hitler".
Chavez is of the view that, whilst undoubtedly embroiled in a situation of turmoil, there are more forces at work in Syria than usually
portrayed in the mainstream media. On Tuesday, he repeated his opinion, in regards to Syria, that "the US government is largely
responsible for this disaster."
There is no doubt that Chavez' presence will be continued to be felt in the Arab world over the next six years. With a wave of pro-poor,
anti-imperialist governments continuing to enjoy widespread popularity in Latin America – Rafael Correa in Ecuador, Evo Morales in Bolivia,
and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner in Argentina – the question remains as to how Arab people will respond to this example of resisting
subservience to foreign interests. Indeed, in a speech following his decision to expel the Israeli ambassador, Hugo Chavez made a
proposal of his own:
"Every day, Latin America will be more united and more free. I hope that one day, Arabs will be the same way; united. United or dominated, you decide!"


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Quite the haul this week compared to last week – double the load in fact! Not nearly enough to throw my back out but still an appreciable quantity of reading material.
Not to mention the fact I had no less than three first issues this week. Oh how I love first issues! There's just something about that sink-or-swim approach that makes reading one so exciting. You can almost picture the publisher throwing the creators out of the nest and into the terrifying void, seeing if they'll catch on to flying on the way down.
Anyway, we're just going to talk about three of this week's comics however, starting first with something…
The inventiveness of the story in Jonathan Hickman's THE MANHATTAN PROJECTS #1 – When you want to impress a crowd, you put everything you got into one eye-searing shot. After all, the best motorcycle stuntmen in the world don't just jump over a couple of cars, they line up around twenty buses. If I want to bring this analogy into range of what Jonathan Hickman did, I'd have to say he filled those buses with burning grizzly bears and tore up that ramp.
THE MANHATTAN PROJECTS starts off its run in a delightfully crazy way with Hickman going all in to show us how demented things really are in that underground military bunker/scientific research facility. Instead of just coping out with: "Oh you know, science stuff, very hush-hush," he cranks it out with extra-dimensional mining, artificial intelligence decades before its time and imaginary weapons.
But not it's not only a showcase of scientific wonders, there's also a good bit of action when the base gets attacked by the Japanese. See, they have their own version of the Manhattan Projects, although one with a rather mystical bent to it. So when they attack, they're not sending in troops, they're sending in robots – samurai robots armed with flails and shurikens coming in though a dimensional portal that was dropped like an arcane ICBM.
And really, I ask you: where else can you read a line like: "A Red Torii. No doubt Zen-powered by Death Buddhists!"
I hear you say: "Well those are all nice little gimmicks, but what about the story?" Let me assure you: the same inventiveness was put to good use while plotting the story. There's a twist that will hit you sideways as you gape at the robot attack, leaving you on a cliffhanger that guarantees you'll be back next month.
The lesson? If you have to create something, create all the way instead of reusing the same tropes rearranged in a new pattern.
With this first issue, Hickman is telling us: "Stick around, 'cause I'm not about to run out of ideas!"
The horror-story vibe of Jeff Lemire's ANIMAL MAN #7 – When I first heard that DC's New 52 relaunch initiative was folding Vertigo titles like SWAMP THING and ANIMAL MAN into the DC universe with the likes of Superman and the Flash, I felt a twinge of worry. These were properties that were thoroughly rooted in mature storylines and complex narrative structures the likes of which are rarely seen in the spandex-clad side of that publisher's business.
However, these two titles were put into very good hands with Scott Snyder (AMERICAN VAMPIRE, SEVERED) penning SWAMP THING and Jeff Lemire (SWEET TOOTH) grabbing ANIMAL MAN. They were two authors who had proven that they knew how to helm more complicated storylines and they proved it again in the DCnU.
In this case, I'm particularly interested by the way Jeff Lemire builds his story and this month's issue is a prime example of how a comic can still star a super hero but give off a horror-story vibe.
The Baker family is on the run as they're hunted by the agents of the Rot. Do we see Buddy and his daughter Maxine hulk out and kick some righteous ass? No, because this isn't a power fantasy, it's survival. They're lost, the cell phone battery is dead, they're living in a camper (hello, WALKING DEAD!) and even the Justice League is too busy to help them out. All they can do is hunker down and hope to see the next day.
Writing-wise, the horror story vibe is about stretching out the tension and piling up hopeless situations upon your characters until they either succumb or pull through, revealing the strength they harbored within. It's one long descending slope into a challenge that gets bloodier by each passing issue. It is not a cycle of challenge, defeat and victory as we so often see with superheroics but a gauntlet that has to be run with no promise of the end turning out to be a desirable exit.
In my opinion, this makes for a far more compelling narrative and far more engaging characters. It actually makes one wonder what a Superman story told in this fashion would read like.
For more about horror in comics, I'd advise you to take a look at John Lees' blog. John has made some very interesting observations on the genre which I'm sure you'll find as captivating as I do.
The decompressed script of Joe Keatinge's HELL YEAH #1 – Let's get one thing straight before I go on: I have nothing against decompression itself. Well used, it's an invaluable device in a comic writer's toolkit. I recall some pages of Mike Mignola's HELLBOY that were masterpieces of decompression: nothing but twirping birds and swaying trees – and it worked. Why? Because Mignola had understood that for decompression to be effective, it has to serve one purpose and one purpose only: to set a mood. There are no other good reasons for it.
When I put down HELL YEAH #1, I realized I had just blown through 32 pages of comics by the time it usually gets for me to read through three or four spreads of Joe Benitez'LADY MECHANIKA. Although the latter is a formidably dense read to make a valid comparison, it was still way too fast to my liking.
The reason for such a speedy consumption lies in the extremely decompressed nature of Joe Keatinge's script. There are multiple instances of pages where there are no more than three or four panels. In fact, it's the case for easily half this comic. That's counting pages where captions take up whole panels, all the unnecessary splash pages and mostly conversations between two people. That's right: talking heads. If the majority of these pages were fight scenes, I could understand the reduced panel count. Usually, when doing action, you want to speed up the reader's eye movement to get him into the mood of a fight, a chase or what have you. Here, it's just people having a drink and a quiet chat.
One particularly egregious example is page 7 with five panels. Here it is:
There are six speech bubbles. There are 21 words. That's just barely 4 words per panel. That's not a fast read, that's you wondering if the letterer was on strike.
And page 6 just before it is even worse:
If I wanted to be generous, I'd say this is a 3-panel page. But I'm not in a generous mood. This is a splash page with two oversized caption boxes.
Now just to show I'm not blowing smoke out of my ass, here's my version of these two pages, condensed into the space that's actually required:
Page 6
Panel 1
Wide shot of BENJAMIN sitting in the DEAN's office waiting room, reading a magazine.
RECEPTIONIST: Benjamin?
RECEPTIONIST: Benjamin Day? The Dean will see you now.
Panel 2
Wide shot of the DEAN's office. The DEAN himself is facing away from us, standing in front of the high windows making up the whole wall behind his desk. BENJAMIN can be seen entering the room. BENJAMIN's file with his photo are lying on the desk. There's a swiveling armchair behind the desk and a simple wooden chair in front of it.
DEAN: Sit down.
BENJAMIN: It's nice to see you again.
DEAN: No. No, it's not.
Panel 3
Close-up shot of the file on the desk. We can now see that BENJAMIN is making a funny face on the photo.
DEAN (OP): You're in here too often, Benjamin.
DEAN (OP): It's getting old.
Panel 4
Side shot of BENJAMIN leaning back in the chair while the DEAN is leaning on his desk, facing him.
BENJAMIN: I do believe you invited me here.
DEAN: You're in here because of you, Benjamin. What you've done and how often you do it.
Panel 5
Tight shot of the DEAN.
DEAN: Kurtzberg University is meant to house the most elite up-and-coming minds of the super-powered community. It takes more than a 4.0 GPA and super-powers to be enrolled. Staying is even harder.
There. I just fitted two and half pages in the same number of panels as in page 7 alone and I didn't have to overly crowd any of them. All I did was combine lines of dialogue into the same panel and eliminate some extraneous shots. I reduced the entire page 6 into a single establishing shot in the first panel. You don't need splash pages for people reading magazines. Come on!
I'm very disappointed to see an indie title show so little care for providing a worthwhile product. When Marvel or DC does this, we shrug it off because we've come to expect some duds from such prolific publishers. However, like I said two weeks ago when I was decrying the hollowness of NO PLACE LIKE HOME, it pains me to see independent creators not acting as ambassadors for comics outside the Big Two. Having the publishing power of Image propelling your comic to center stage is a tremendous opportunity to make a statement about the often unexploited potential and unknown quality of indie comics. It saddens me when I feel such an opportunity has been squandered.
If you get people interested enough to buy something new, the least you can do is have something substantial to show them. Simply put: I don't think I got enough comic for my money. In fact, I think Image owes me at least two more HELL YEAHs worth of comics.
In closing, here's a page that shows decompression done right, from THE MANHATTAN PROJECTS:
Honorable mentions this week:
- The scene where Buddy helps his son impress some girls in Jeff Lemire's ANIMAL MAN #7
- Someone actually using the word "Zounds!" and making sound right in Bill Willingham's FAIREST #1
- The running narrative in Ed Brubaker's FATALE #3
- The accident scene focusing on the crow in Terry Moore's RACHEL RISING #6
- The fact that the main character is still a hidden surprise after more than half a year of publishing of Scott Snyder's SWAMP THING #7


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Have a look at this section to choose the course (academic programme) that you are interested in studying. We offer a wide variety to satisfy many career options!
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Do you want to know how to apply or register, or how much your studies will cost? Do you need information on bursaries or study loans? Or if you just need to know when classes start, then this is the place to look!


text:
Are you in the United States?
Visit our U.S.A. & International site for relevant pricing, distribution and product availability information.Go to StarTech.com
Travel A/V Adapter: 3-in-1 Mini DisplayPort to VGA DVI or HDMI Converter
Connect a Mini DisplayPort-equipped PC or Mac® to an HDMI, VGA, or DVI Display
Product ID: MDP2VGDVHD
- Three-in-one adapter - mDP to VGA, mDP to HDMI and mDP to DVI
- Support for video resolution up to 1920x1200/1080p
- Plug-and-play installation
- Compatible with Intel® Thunderbolt™ devices that are capable of outputting a DisplayPort signal
- Small footprint
- Lightweight design
This travel adapter lets you connect your mDP enabled Ultrabook™ or laptop computer to any VGA or HDMI® display.
Backed by rigorous testing to ensure compatibility, the 3-in-1 Mini DisplayPort adapter is the perfect accessory for any of your Microsoft® Surface™ Pro devices that are equipped with mDP.
Connect to any HDMI or VGA display
Why carry multiple adapters when you only need one? Instead of keeping three different adapters on-hand, the mDP travel adapter offers VGA, DVI and HDMI outputs, so you'll be able to connect from your laptop mDP output to any modern boardroom or classroom display -- an ideal plug-and-play solution for BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) applications at the office.
Plus, because the converter supports video resolutions up to 1920x1200 or 1080p you can convert a Mini DisplayPort video source to HDMI, VGA or DVI without sacrificing video quality.
Maximize portability
The travel A/V adapter maximizes portability with a small footprint and lightweight design. The convenient design ensures the adapter is as portable as your laptop, fitting easily into your laptop bag or carrying case and eliminates the need to carry more than one adapter. With this adapter you can walk into virtually any boardroom ready to present, making a great first impression, and saving you the embarrassment of having to rummage through your bag looking for the right connector.
The 3-in-1 converter is compatible with the Intel Thunderbolt port on your computer and installs easily with no software or drivers required.
The MDP2VGDVHD is backed by a 3-year StarTech.com warranty and free lifetime technical support.
- Keep the adapter with you while traveling, to connect to virtually any display you come across
- Connect your BYOD laptop/Ultrabook to a provided HDMI, DVI, or VGA display at work
- Connect a DVI, VGA, or HDMI display to your Mini DisplayPort laptop, to use as a secondary monitor
The StarTech.com Advantage
- Ensure compatibility with virtually any display with three-in-one adapter converting Mini DisplayPort to VGA, HDMI, or DVI
- Maximize portability when traveling or at the office, with a small foot print, and lightweight design
Product Numbers
Ingram Micro Peru
UPC Code
Technical Specifications
|Warranty Information
|3 Years
|Active or Passive Adapter
|Adapter Style
|AV Input
|Mini DisplayPort - 1.2
|AV Output
|DVI-D - Single-Link
|Audio Specifications
|DVI - No Audio Support
|HDMI - 7.1 Channel Audio
|VGA - No Audio Support
|Maximum Analog Resolutions
|Maximum Cable Distance To Display
|49.9 ft [15.2 m]
|Maximum Digital Resolutions
|Wide Screen Supported
|Connector A
|1 - Mini-DisplayPort (20 pin) Male
|Connector B
|1 - HDMI (19 pin) Female
|1 - VGA (15 pin, High Density D-Sub) Female
|1 - DVI-D (25 pin) Female
|Special Notes / Requirements
|Only one video output is supported on the video adapter at a time. If multiple connections are made, only one of the outputs will function.
|Maximum Cable Distance to Display refers to digital video. VGA distance capabilities are dependent upon the quality of your cabling
|The HDMI port is a passive port.
The DVI-D is a passive port.
The VGA port is an active port.
|Operating Temperature
|0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F)
|Storage Temperature
|-10°C to 80°C (14°F to 176°F)
|Physical Characteristics
|Cable Length
|5.9 in [150 mm]
|Product Height
|0.6 in [1.5 cm]
|Product Length
|10.6 in [27 cm]
|Product Width
|1.8 in [45 mm]
|Weight of Product
|2 oz [57 g]
|Packaging Information
|Package Height
|0.7 in [18 mm]
|Package Length
|8.7 in [22 cm]
|Package Width
|7.9 in [20 cm]
|Shipping (Package) Weight
|2.3 oz [66 g]
|What's in the Box
|Included in Package
|1 - Mini DisplayPort to HDMI/VGA/DVI Adapter
|1 - Installation Guide
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Travel A/V Adapter: 2-in-1 Mini DisplayPort to HDMI or VGA Converter
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Travel A/V Adapter: 2-in-1 Mini DisplayPort to HDMI or VGA Converter - White
Connect your Mini DisplayPort equipped PC or Mac® to an HDMI or VGA display
Travel A/V adapter: 3-in-1 Mini DisplayPort to DisplayPort DVI or HDMI converter
Connect your mini DisplayPort® Device to a DisplayPort®, HDMI®or DVI Display, with this Compact, All-in-One Adapter
Travel A/V Adapter: 3-in-1 Mini DisplayPort to VGA DVI or HDMI Converter - White
Connect a Mini DisplayPort-equipped PC or Mac® to an HDMI, VGA, or DVI Display
Travel A/V adapter: 3-in-1 DisplayPort to VGA DVI or HDMI converter
Connect a DisplayPort-equipped PC or Mac® to an HDMI, VGA, or DVI Display
Travel A/V Adapter: 2-in-1 DisplayPort to HDMI or VGA
Connect your DisplayPort equipped computer system to an HDMI or VGA display
Mini DisplayPort to HDMI Video Adapter Converter - White
Connect an HDMI®-capable display to a Mini-DisplayPort®-equipped PC or Mac® computer
Mini DisplayPort to VGA Video Adapter Converter - White
Connect a VGA display to a Mini-DisplayPort®-equipped PC or Mac® computer
Product Support
Data Sheets
Frequently Asked Questions
Before You Buy
Unfortunately no, this device has an intended source and an intended destination. Refer to the title of the webpage for this order.
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface that can contain different types of signaling, based on the application. DVI cables and ports are created using different connector types to identify what application they are intended to be used in. The connector types are identified by the number of pins on the DVI connector. DVI comes in the following five different connector types:
- DVI-A (17 pin).
- DVI-D Single Link (19 pin).
- DVI-D Dual Link (25 pin).
- DVI-I Single Link (23 pin).
- DVI-I Dual Link (29 pin).
Single and Dual link DVI indicate the maximum resolution capabilities of the video source or video destination. The maximum resolutions are Single Link (1920 x 1080 @ 60Hz) and Dual Link (2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz).
Note: The maximum resolution of your video source and video destination are ultimately determined by the technical specifications of the devices. The connector type is not a definitive indicator of the maximum resolution.
DVI-A carries only analog (for example, VGA) with no digital component. DVI-D carries only digital video (for example, HDMI) with no analog component. DVI-I combines DVI-A and DVI-D connections to include both analog and digital components. A DVI-I port may be on either your video source or display, but whether or not a display carries either or both analog and digital sources depends on the technical specifications of your device.
When you convert video from a source that uses DisplayPort or Mini DisplayPort to DVI or HDMI (for example, a computer to a monitor), you will need to consider the difference between passive and active adapters.
If the source supports dual-mode DisplayPort (also known as DP++), then you can use a passive adapter because the source can perform the conversion. If the source does not support DP++, then you need to use an active converter, which includes additional chips to perform the conversion.
Thunderbolt ports support DP++ natively. To run multiple monitors from the same computer, refer to the Active Adapters section below.
Passive Adapters
Passive adapters are less expensive since they do not need to include additional chips. A quick way to check whether you can use a passive adapter is to see if the DisplayPort or Mini DisplayPort source has the DP++ symbol above it. The symbol is a D with a P inside of it, with two + signs to the left, one on top of the other.
Active Adapters
Active adapters use additional chips to make the conversion inside the adapter, regardless of whether the source supports DP++. This means that active adapters are more expensive than passive adapters.
If you want to use multiple monitors with the same computer, you should use an active adapter because some video cards cannot run the maximum number of monitors while using DP++. This is especially true if the computer has more than one DisplayPort or Mini DisplayPort connection. Check with your video card manufacturer to confirm which type of adapter you need for the setup that you would like to run.
Note: You should use passive adapters with StarTech.com MST hubs, except when you are converting from DisplayPort to VGA, since that type of conversion requires active adapters. For more information on using adapters with StarTech.com MST hubs, refer to the following FAQ: http://www.startech.com/faq/mst_hubs_passive_vs_active_adapters.
Surface Dock
If you experience issues when you connect passive video signal adapters to the Surface Dock, Microsoft recommends that you use active video signal converters instead. StarTech.com offers an active video signal converter for DVI monitors (MDP2DVIS) and for HDMI monitors (MDP2HD4KS).
Note: This issue does not apply to the Surface Pro 3 Docking Station.
This device is plug and play. It does not use any drivers, and does not require any setup tasks other than plugging in the source (for example, a computer) and the destination (for example, a monitor).
How to
To arrange extended displays on Windows 10, complete the following.
- Press the Windows key+R, type desk.cpl, and press Enter.
- Under the 'Multiple Displays' selection, select 'Extend Desktop To This Display.'
- Press 'Identify' to determine what number each display is assigned to.
- Drag and drop each display accordingly to the physical layout on your desk.
- Click the Apply button.
To arrange extended displays on macOS, complete the following.
- Navigate to the Apple Menu > System Preferences, click Displays, then click Arrangement.
- Make sure that the 'Mirror Displays' checkbox is not selected.
- Click on each display to determine what number each display is assigned to.
- Drag and drop each display accordingly to the physical layout on your desk.
Check that the device is not being used in reverse.
The display does not support the resolution set within Display Settings. Adjust the resolution to be the exact resolution and refresh rate recommended by the display manufacturer.
When you troubleshoot issues with a video adapter, there are some quick tests that you can complete to rule out potential problems. You can test to make sure that the following components are working correctly and are not the source of the issue:
Video cables
Video adapter
Video source (such as a DVD player or computer)
Video destination (such as a monitor or projector)
To test your setup components, try the following:
Use the cable, video adapter, video source, and video destination in another setup to see if the problem is with the components or the setup.
Use a different cable, video adapter, video source, and video destination in your setup to see if the problem persists. Ideally, you should test a component that you know works in another setup.
When you test your cables, it is recommended that you do the following:
Test each cable individually.
Use short cables when you are testing.
When you test the video source and video destination, it is recommended that you do the following:
Remove the video adapter from your setup and test to make sure that the video source and video destination work together without the video adapter.
Test to make sure that the video source and video destination work together at the resolution that you want to use.
Note: In order for your setup to work properly, the video source, adapter, and destination all need to support the resolution that you are using.
Try the following:
- Check that the monitor's video port works with another source.
- Check that the cables between the source and the destination work with other equipment.
- Check whether the video adapter works with another source and another destination.
The error "Out of Range" normally means that the resolution being output by the computer is not compatible with the display. Try lowering the resolution to see if that helps resolve the issue. You may need to connect another monitor or restart the computer or source to accomplish this.
This is likely a High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) issue. If you are converting a video signal from a device that can play copyright-protected content, HDCP will block the conversion to an analog signal (for example, VGA) or to any video capture cards.
You will likely run into this issue when you use devices like Blu-ray players, DVD players, and certain gaming consoles. For more information on HDCP and gaming consoles, refer to the following FAQ: https://www.startech.com/faq/video_capture_cards_video_game_console_compatibility.
Some video cards also output an HDCP signal full time. In this case there should be an option for your video card to disable this feature. You might need to contact the manufacturer of your video card for more information.
Adhering to HDCP is required for converting all digital signals to analog signals or to video capture cards. Unfortunately, there is nothing you can do in these situations other than convert to a digital display.
If a DisplayPort converter with audio is not passing sound from the source to the destination, complete the following:
- Make sure that the DisplayPort connection on the video card is the default audio playback device.
- Make sure that the video card has the DisplayPort audio codec installed. If not, visit the video card manufacturer's website to find out how to update the video card driver.
Common Issues
Using the On-Screen Display menu for the display, enter the Menu system and go into "Picture Mode" then "Aspect ratio" and change from "16:9" to "Just scan" or "1:1 pixel mapping." The wording may vary depending on the manufacturer of the display.
Compliance and Safety
Compliance Letters
Safety Measures
- If product has an exposed circuit board, do not touch the product under power.
- If Class 1 Laser Product. Laser radiation is present when the system is open.
- Wiring terminations should not be made with the product and/or electric lines under power.
- Product installation and/or mounting should be completed by a certified professional as per the local safety and building code guidelines.
- Cables (including power and charging cables) should be placed and routed to avoid creating electric, tripping or safety hazards.
* Product appearance and specifications are subject to change without notice.


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More than a pretty face, the Vintage Bloom Glow Case is, would you know it, a glow-in-the-dark case constructed of lightweight yet durable hard shell finished with a fine rubberized matte texture that is smooth to the touch. The Vintage Bloom Glow Case's slim-fit, anti-slip design is tailored to provide complete protection and access to your Apple iPhone 4S's camera and flash, speakers, volume controls, and ports.
The Vintage Bloom Glow Case's glow-in-the-dark feature is not only beautiful but also practical! It will help make finding your Apple iPhone 4S in a dark place, in your purse, and in the middle of the night much easier now! Novel and unique, and coupled with a snazzy, artsy design of mini wallpaper of rosy vintage to fit your every happy mood, the Vintage Bloom Glow Case is sure to add a little skip into your step!
Oh, and did we mention: IT GLOWS IN THE DARK!
The Vintage Bloom Glow Case: A work of art that glows in the dark!