text:
Tigers bullpen unable to protect Smyly's lead
Reed loads bases, Krol gives up grand slam in decisive seventh
DETROIT -- With two outs in the top of the seventh inning Wednesday, and the bases loaded for the White Sox, the fans at Comerica Park began to do the wave. It was an odd juxtaposition to see during the tensest at-bat of the game.
Lefty reliever Ian Krol served up a grand slam on a fastball to Chicago's Marcus Semien, and the wave suddenly took on new meaning. The Detroit bullpen said goodbye to the two-run lead that Tigers starter Drew Smyly had exited with, and the White Sox secured a 6-4 victory.
"I kind of just laid it in there, and it was up," Krol said. "What every hitter's looking for 3-1, to be honest with you. Made a mistake there."
Evan Reed relieved Smyly in the seventh and gave up two singles and a walk, before exiting for Krol. With one out and the bases loaded, Krol got Jordan Danks to foul out to third, holding the runners. But Semien knocked a 3-1 pitch over the left-field fence, stopping the wave before it made it twice around the park.
Detroit manager Brad Ausmus said he didn't consider bringing in a righty to face the right-handed-hitting Semien, citing an insignificant difference in his splits. He also noted that Chicago still had Adam Dunn on its bench from the left side of the plate, should the Tigers have gone to a righty.
"It stinks, absolutely. Also, I grew up a Cubs fan, so that's kind of a downer," Krol said of blowing the game against the Cubs' crosstown rival.
The first inning of Smyly's night looked hauntingly similar to the beginning of his first start. His pitch count again climbed quickly as he threw 30 pitches in the first inning. He served up another two-run homer, a monster blast to center by Chicago slugger Jose Abreu. But, whereas fatigue set in during his loss to the Angels last week, Smyly grew more comfortable as the game wore on Wednesday.
Ausmus said he and pitching coach Jeff Jones had decided on about a 100-pitch cap for Smyly. After the first inning, it looked as if he might be in for another short night, but Smyly lasted by throwing 62 pitches from the second through six innings. Ausmus said Smyly was "outstanding" in his final three frames.
"It's tough when they get you in the first, especially after my last start," Smyly said. "I thought I did a pretty good job after giving up that home run of settling down and keeping it under control."
The difference for Smyly was his breaking ball. The lefty's ability to keep his curveball down in the zone and in on the White Sox righties contributed to his solid night
"That's the pitch I really needed," Smyly said, adding he threw the curveball "efficiently ... Tonight, I thought I, for the most part, kept it down, kept them off balance and it was pretty sharp for me."
Twice, Smyly even managed to strike out Abreu, who also homered to the center-field bushes off Justin Verlander in the first inning of Tuesday night's game. Smyly struck out seven over six innings. He allowed no more runs after Abreu's shot and, unlike his first outing, looked worthy of the fifth spot in the rotation.
The White Sox helped Smyly by running themselves into a couple of outs, potentially sparing the Tigers an even larger early hole. Danks was caught stealing second in the second inning, and Leury Garcia was caught swiping third in the third. Smyly really began to gain confidence, however, when he pitched out of a fourth-inning jam.
Chicago put runners on second and third with one out, threatening to add on to its 2-0 lead. Alejandro De Aza hit a soft liner that Smyly snagged before throwing over to third and catching Dayan Viciedo off the bag to complete the inning-ending double play.
"That was great timing," Smyly said. "I needed that one."
The twin killing seemed to put some life into the Tigers offense, which needed to play comeback as the opponents scored in the first inning for the fourth time in five games. A single by Miguel Cabrera, his fourth hit in the past two games, helped Detroit place two men in scoring position. J.D. Martinez, fresh up from Triple-A Toledo, knocked a single up the middle, tying the game at 2. Then Austin Jackson took the first offering from White Sox starter Andre Rienzo and put it in the Chicago bullpen for his second homer.
Trailing, 6-4, in the ninth, the Tigers put runners on second and third with two outs. But Alex Avila lined out to first on a 3-0 pitch to end the game.
Ausmus said his catcher had the green light despite the count.
"He took a good swing at it," Ausmus said. "It was an aggressive swing. He hit a line drive. Sometimes you hit it hard and it gets caught. But I felt the way he's swinging, he had a chance to win the game right there."


text:
Co A
May 4th 1918
Dear Sister Madaline:
Left Spartanburg and arrived Newport News last night very much to my delight but sorry to think that I will not see you all before going "Over their". We have not received any pay as yet and think we will leave shortly without money thierfore I and going to ask for money through telegram. That is I am going to telegram now so that when you receive this letter my telegram will have reached you before this letter. My letter is going to be different than others as I think the censor will inspect all letters, but any way I am going to say what I think even though the censor does camaflodge some words of information.
Dear sister we are going through a hard thing when we leave this country to fight over their for freedom for this generation and the coming and this might be my last good letter that I cam write you but always remember and feel as I do that your only brother is coming back safe and is going away with high spirits. Please notify all my folks at Astoria and friends that my stay is short and do not expect to see New York again until our point is reached.
Now dear sister when we board the ship their will be no letters going out but I am going to send you a post card with stamp placed in this manner so that you can know we are one day nearer our only delight and that is to fight the Hun no matter what kind of fighting game he puts up. I think the 27th division will show them up. Must close now with millions of love and kisses to you all.
Your Brother
PS: Love to pa and cheer him up. Tell Bob that I will soon be home safe. My address is
105 U.S. Inf Co A
Camp Stewart
Newport News Virginia
© Copyright 2011 by Lanny & Patti Brown, All Rights Reserved. No reproduction without permission.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stregthen your machines' muscles
You can't overemphasize the importance of hydraulics in the proper functioning of today's equipment. Hydraulics are its muscles. They aid equipment in lifting, steering and driving systems. If you want your equipment--with its expensive initial cost and expensive potential repair bills--to last, it's important that you service these systems regularly. Doing so, you'll avoid early wear and breakdown.
Servicing your hydraulic system Your first step in servicing a hydraulic system is to look for the service-maintenance schedule in the owner's manual. Then follow these procedures while keeping good records. Typically, one of the first service procedures emphasized is maintaining the correct type, condition and level of hydraulic fluid. Use the fluid recommended for your system by the equipment manufacturer. The recommendation of what type of fluid to use is based on the system component that has the most severe tolerances.
Next, change the fluid and filter at the recommended interval. You sometimes need to shorten these intervals if your operating conditions are severe, such as in high dust or moisture. Some machinery owners and operators mistakenly believe that if the system is tight, then the fluid will stay good indefinitely. Wrong. Hydraulic fluid and its additives wear out over time and need replacement. Also, sources for contaminants aren't just from the outside environment. Some are "built in" during the engine's manufacture. In addition, the normal operation of components creates them.
As a result, the most important fluid and filter change is the first one. You should do it within the first 50 hours of operation to remove all debris from the original manufacture of the system and from early component wear.
Another form of contamination is condensation. This occurs when you put away the machinery while it is still warm after operation. Air within the hydraulic system holds moisture. When it cools down, that moisture condenses into the hydraulic fluid. The water in the system reduces the fluid's lubricating qualities. You can detect water by looking at the fluid. It usually has a milky color. Another quick test for water--the "Snap, pop, crackle" test--is to place a little of the fluid in a can and heat the can with a propane torch. If it makes a snap, crackle or popping sound, the fluid has water in it. (Note that, sometimes, milky looking oil can result from aeration, not water. So, before performing the heating test, let the fluid sit for 5 minutes. If the fluid has air in it, it will turn back into its normal color. Aerated oil can cause jerky and slow operation. The source for air entering the system is usually a leak in the inlet line to the pump. This leak must be found and sealed.)
When changing the filter, always use the manufacturer's recommended filter. Filters are designed to remove the correct sizes of particles and hold the correct amount of contaminants between changes. Some filters have an integral bypass valve. This valve is designed to open at the appropriate pressure and is large enough to let out the appropriate amount of fluid.
Another condition to check is the fluid's temperature. If the fluid gets too hot for extended periods, it can break down. Fluid that runs at too high of a temperature also can't lubricate as well. Therefore, a simple test you can perform to check whether your oil has gotten too hot is to smell it. If it smells burnt, you've got a problem. The solution usually lies in checking the hydraulic oil cooler. These are usually air-to-oil systems and consist of a radiator-type cooler or fins that surround the main reservoir housing on the hydrostatic drives. In either case, you must keep the fins or cooler clean. Wash them periodically. On some radiator-type coolers, a screen protects the system. If your system has such a screen, clean it daily.
Other components that need periodic service include hoses, lines, fittings and quick-disconnect couplers. Hoses can heat oil by restricting its flow if they are kinked or pinched. Other problems occur when hoses are routed improperly, causing them to chafe or rub on other engine components (see Figure 1, above). Damage also can occur from stretching, which eventually also can cause leaks. When a hose does fail, bring it with you to the repair shop. That way you can be sure you replace it with the correct length, type and strength of hose.
Leaking fittings and hoses don't just hurt your equipment engines, they can damage turf as well. For example, when pressure and return lines have problems, they can leak hot oil, which kills any plants with which it comes into contact. Tighten all fittings appropriately (see Figure 2, page G 40).
Kinked or plugged intake lines and hoses cause additional problems. They restrict oil flow into the pump and can cause cavitation. Intake-line holes or leaks also allow air into the system, causing additional aeration, which can destroy a pump.
A major source of hydraulic system contamination is through the remote quick-disconnect couplers. Most users don't keep them covered. Thus, after being connected, they are full of dirt. Proper procedure is to cover, plug and wipe these clean before connecting. Another solution is to replace them with a new style coupler, such as a flush-face coupler (see Figure 3, page G 40). These newer couplers do not leak as much when disconnected and have no place in which dirt can lodge.
One final component to which you should give periodic maintenance is the cylinder shafts. To keep them in proper operating condition, grease any of these that are exposed for any length of time.
Troubleshooting your hydraulics When troubleshooting, you must keep in mind that problems having to do with slow hydraulics are related directly to loss of flow and problems related to weak hydraulics are directly related to loss of pressure.
The first step in troubleshooting is to know where in the system oil flows and what each component's function is. The next step is to visually examine the system and check the obvious:
* Oil level
* Oil condition (its color, smell or obvious dirt particles)
* Filter condition
* Leaks
* Discolored paint (from components getting too hot)
* Linkage (loose, bent or misadjusted)
* Drive (disconnected)
* Engine (improper rpms, etc.).
The next step--if you weren't operating the machine when the problem occurred--is to operate the system and observe it yourself. Of course, only do so once you've determined from your visual inspection that it is safe to do so.
While performing these tests, consider other reasons for your problem. Move systematically through the hydraulic system, from component to component, following the oil's flow. Figure 4 (page G 40) lists potential problems that can happen between components (other than problems between the valve and the cylinder after the dashed line). Each of these problems affects only one function. For example, a leaking circuit relief valve on the lift or boom only affects that circuit. (Many technical manuals offer similar illustrations to help you through step-by-step troubleshooting procedures.)
A common problem: internal leakage A common problem on lift and steering systems is internal leakage. Leakage can lead to the oil overheating and losing pressure. Sometimes, you can detect this problem by operating the circuit you think is leaking. Test your theory by extending the cylinder all the way and holding it in that position. Doing so sends oil through the relief valve. This will heat up the oil and--if the circuit is leaking--the hot oil moving past the leaking valve or piston seal will therefore heat up that component. You then can detect the leak by feeling the outside of these components to check whether they are warmer than other hydraulic components in the circuit.
If this doesn't work, you can use another step-by-step procedure to determine internal leakage in a cylinder.
* To begin, operate the system and fully extend or retract the cylinder. Make sure you're not placing any load on the cylinders while you do so. This may determine whether you extend or retract the cylinder--either way is acceptable as long as the rod is at the end of its range of movement (fully extended or retracted). For example, a load would result from extending a cylinder to lift a loader's bucket. Instead, you would make sure the cylinders are fully retracted (for example, the bucket down) or, if you wanted them extended, removed from the loader so that no load is bearing on them.
* Shut off the engine and remove all pressure from the line by moving the valve (control) lever back and forth. (Make sure that no accumulator--a device that maintains pressure when the engine is shut off--is hooked into the line maintaining pressure.)
* Remove the return line from the cylinder and plug the holes from the valve. (Note that, on some systems, you should plug the hose from the valve because oil still may be available at the return line.)
* Start up the engine and continue to move the valve in the same direction as in Step 1. In other words, if the cylinder is fully retracted, operate the valve lever or control as if you wanted to retract it even farther (even though it can't actually move any more).
* Observe the cylinder for leakage from where you removed the return line. If you see any, the cylinder wall is scored, or the piston seals are leaking or both, allowing oil to flow past.
If components operate slowly, your pump may be worn out. If this is the case, oil slippage within the pump usually is extreme. A simple way to test this is to time how fast a cylinder extends or retracts. You can compare that number to the factory-specified time it should take a cylinder to retract or extend (as listed in your technical manual). Or, if your manual does not list such specifications, you can use the formula:
Cylinder volume (cubic inches) x length of stroke (inches) / time (seconds) x 0.26 = gpm
to determine the rate of movement (actually the flow rate, in gpm) for the cylinder. Figure 5 (table at left) helps you determine the cylinder's volume as long as you know the cylinder's bore and stroke. Compare this number with the flow rate (in gpm) your system should have if it were functioning properly
It is best to time the cylinder both with and without a load. Then compare these two times or flow rates. You shouldn't have any significant difference as long as the load doesn't cause the relief valve to open. A good rule of thumb is that the flow rate (time) should be at least 80 percent of the specifications.
Troubleshooting your hydraulic drive is similar to your lift and power steering. The main difference is that you actuate the motor rather than a cylinder. A motor with excessive leakage runs hot, slow and doesn't develop as much torque. You can test for internal leakage similar to testing a cylinder. For example, on a direct-drive reel motor, place a block of wood in the reel to jam the reel from moving. Be careful not to bend the blades. Take off the drain line and pressurize the motor. Keep track of the amount of leakage for 15 seconds and multiply this by four to get the amount in 1 minute.
You also can perform this test with belt-drive motors equipped with a drain line. Disconnect the return line and plug or cap it off while applying pressure to the other line. On hydraulic equipment where a hydraulic motor directly drives the wheels, you can accomplish this test by applying the brake while supplying pressure to the motor. If the drive motors have no drain lines, remove the opposite line that is being powered (return line) and take note of the amount of leakage. Most manufacturers indicate how much oil slippage or leakage is allowed before you must replace the motor (see Figure 6, above).
The hydrostatic-drive difference Hydrostatic-drive systems are different from hydraulic drives in the sense that the pump and motor are connected in a loop (sometimes referred to as a closed loop). The oil is sent to the motor and then back to the pump. The system allows some oil to leave the circuit due to slippage in the pump and motor. A set of replenishing valves (charge-check valves) replaces this with new oil (see Figure 6).
When a loss of drive happens in just one direction, the pump and motor are probably not in danger. Instead, a particular component is probably either leaking (such as the high-pressure relief valves or replenishing valves) or the shuttle valve is stuck in one direction. You can solve this problem by switching the high-pressure relief and replenishing valves one at a time and checking whether the problem follows the valves. In other words, if your test causes you to drive in the opposite direction, then whatever valve you switched is the problem.
Sometimes a leaking seal also can cause a loss of drive in one direction. If your equipment experiences a loss of drive or the drive is slow and weak in both directions, it's likely that both the motor and the pump are worn.
Another problem that occurs frequently in hydrostatic drives is creeping in neutral. To solve this problem, remove the drive linkage and adjust the hydrostat for true neutral. Then replace the linkage to maintain that neutral. In some older hydrostat models, however, it is virtually impossible to remove all the creeping.
These troubleshooting techniques don't cover every problem that can occur in a hydraulic system. And each system's uniqueness dictates the exact procedures you'll need to follow to solve your problems. Nevertheless, always refer to your technical manual before performing any testing. And remember always to test the simple things first.
Dr. Michael McCaskey is a professor in the Agricultural Engineering Department at the State University of New York--Cobleskill.
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I. Love. My. Hobby.Typing the notes from last weekend I'm totally psyched out on our epic RuneQuest Dragon Age campaign and roleplaying in general. People who haven't tried this stuff sure are missing a lot! Having been a bit frustrated over all the political intrigue in the nation's capital, the GM decided to give us a little change of pace by sending us on a more traditional search and rescue adventure, in the course of which we, among other things, managed to save a barbarian village in the mountains from an evil horde of uncharacteristically intelligent darkspawn. (Think orcs etc.) It sure was good to be able to tell who was evil and who was not, things like this tend to get rather muddy in the mire of politics. The heroic defense at the Battle of Redhold sure was something to remember, but what was even more notorius is what I'll be typing next. On the way back to the city on the other side of the country was fought the much smaller but even more satisfying Siege of Tavistock. You see, this bastard of a highwayman had decided that he wanted to be a noble too, so he had started a campaign to seize some of the lands and loyalty of the freeholders from the domain of his half brother. Unfortunately for him, our four heroes were in good terms with said nobleman, so on the way back, when we noticed the ass had had some good men decapitated and their heads struck on the tips of long poles, we had enough. So my normally benevolent and cautious healer made up a plan, had to spend some time talking the others into it, but finally managed to sway them. We found a new tower fortification where we surmised the bandit was hiding, attacked it from four sides, killed some of the guards, a traitor mage who had joined up and seized the hapless upstart, who had spent months building his plan and support only to be foiled by a motley group of adventurers, who happened to pass through his newly conquered lands on the way back from a mission. Took about five minutes. Glorious!


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During a slow start to the season, the LA Galaxy needed someone to step up to lead the club back into the playoff chase and in the month of July, Robbie Keane delivered.
Major League Soccer announced on Thursday that Keane was voted as MLS' Player of the Month for July by the North American Soccer Reporters. After returning from European Championship duty with Ireland, Keane went on a tear during the month of July tallying five goals while notching four assists during the Galaxy's 4-1-1 run. Keane and the Galaxy's other Designated Players were integral during the club's run in the month of July as Landon Donovan, David Beckham and Keane combined for 11 goals and 11 assists in July.
The award is Keane's first MLS Player of the Month and the first for a Galaxy player during the 2012 season.


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16yr Old Female Rapper "BossRote" Coming For Miss Nana! (Claims Miss Nana's Skills Aint Poppin Like Kay Slay Says & Spits Some Bars)
16yr old calls out Miss Nana
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With the advent of Snow Leopard many users have issues installing it onto PC based hardware. Well this is not very curious, since a PC is no Mac. Anyway as Gigabyte motherboards proved to be very close to the original Apple Intel specifications many people decided to buy those boards. With the release of Snow […]
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[MacOS] Comprehensive Gigabyte Hardware Specification List
August 28th, 2009 J. ΞPSTΞÏN


text:
- Product description
- About the brand
- Review
Product description Eucerin UreaRepair PLUSCharacteristics
The Eucerin UreaRepair PLUS body lotion will give your skin the hydration it needs and make it velvety soft.
- remedies dry skin
- hydrates skin deeply
- soothes the skin and refreshes it
- no perfume
How to use:
Apply the necessary amount of the product to clean skin, ideally after a shower or bath. Massage in well.
- Skin type
- dry
About the brand Eucerin
Eucerin cosmetics | Eucerin – innovations and a medical approach to skin care. Eucerin, the German dermo-cosmetic care brand, is one of the oldest and most often recommended by professional dermatologists. It is part of the Beiersdorf international group, which also owns brands such as Nivea and Labello.
Eucerin began in 1900, when the German chemist and inventor Isaac Lifschütz made a breakthrough discovery in pharmacy. He developed Eucerit, a revolutionary emulsifier which he began using as the base for ointments because it allowed the active substance, fat, and water to be combined.
Beiersdorf was founded in 1882 by Paul C. Beiersdorf. A couple of years later he sold it to the chemist Oskar Troplowitz who, in collaboration with the renowned dermatologist Paul Gerson Unno, began making cosmetic products based on the latest research into skin. Eucerin respects this link to this day, with every product scientifically supported, created on the basis of extensive research, and also tested in terms of skin tolerance and effectiveness.
Eucerin skin and body care products help maintain and restore the proper functioning of the skin, making it healthy and beautiful. Hair and scalp products are specially developed to alleviate micro-inflammation, the cause of the majority of scalp and hair issues, and last but not least, Eucerin also makes sun-care products with highly effective UVA/UVB filters and after-sun products.
Eucerin is a global leading brand for professional-quality skin care products that are highly effective and targeted at a wide range of different skin needs. Eucerin – over 100 years of innovative medical skin care.


text:
- Prayer and Worship
- Beliefs and Teachings
- Issues and Action
- Media
- Bible
- Catholic Giving
- About USCCB
1For the leader; according to Mahalath. A maskil of David.
2The fool says in his heart,a
"There is no God."b
They act corruptly and practice injustice;
there is none that does good.
3God looks out from the heavens
upon the children of Adam,c
To see if there is a discerning persond
who is seeking God.
4All have gone astray;
each one is altogether perverse.
There is not one who does what is good, not even one.e
5fDo they not know better, those who do evil,
who feed upon my people as they feed upon bread?g
Have they not called upon God?
6They are going to fear his name with great fear,
though they had not feared it before.
For God will scatter the bones
of those encamped against you.
They will surely be put to shame,
for God has rejected them.
7Who will bring forth from Zion
the salvation of Israel?
When God reverses the captivity of his people
Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad.h
* [Psalm 53] A lament of an individual, duplicated in Ps 14, except that "God" is used for "the LORD," and Ps 53:6 is different, cf. Ps 14.
b. [53:2] Ps 10:4; 36:2; Is 32:6; Jer 5:12.
By accepting this message, you will be leaving the website of the
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. This link is provided
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nor does it necessarily endorse, the website, its content, or
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text:
Between August 1963 and November 1964, a 13-member team at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, conducted a detailed in-house study of Mars and Venus flyby missions. These would see a manned flyby spacecraft depart Earth orbit, coast past its target planet, and return to Earth. Only small course-correction maneuvers would be necessary after Earth-orbit departure.
The study, led by Harry O. Ruppe of the MSFC Future Projects Office (FPO), was a follow-on to the Early Manned Planetary-Interplanetary Roundtrip Expeditions (EMPIRE) study, which had lasted from May 1962 to February 1963. MSFC FPO had directed EMPIRE contractors Ford Aeronutronic, Lockheed, and General Dynamics to study manned Mars and Venus flyby and orbiter missions in the early 1970s as a means of justifying early development of nuclear-thermal rockets and launch vehicles more powerful than the Apollo Saturn V. MSFC FPO stressed these technologies in EMPIRE because MSFC was NASA's lead center for large rocket development and because it was involved in the joint NASA/Atomic Energy Commission nuclear propulsion program through the Reactor In-Flight Test (RIFT), which sought to launch a nuclear rocket into space in 1967.
The new manned planetary flyby study acknowledged changes in the advance planning environment within NASA. Whereas the EMPIRE contractors had been instructed to "attempt" to use Apollo hardware in their spacecraft designs - and had responded by designing all-new systems with little Apollo heritage - the MSFC in-house study adhered strictly to the rule that Apollo technology should be used everywhere possible. This reflected increasing restrictions placed on NASA advanced technology development by President John F. Kennedy and his successor, President Lyndon Baines Johnson. Put succinctly, NASA planners had begun to realize that a commitment to the goal of a man on the moon did not imply a commitment to the goal of a man on Mars.
The MSFC team declared, nonetheless, that it was "inconceivable" that the "tremendous" technology that NASA had developed for Apollo would not lead eventually to a manned Mars landing. It was simply a matter of which course NASA should follow to get there. An Earth-orbiting space station or a moonbase were 1970s goals that could use Apollo hardware and provide "training" for manned Mars landings; like Apollo, however, these would operate "within the Earth's 'sphere of activity.'" Manned Mars/Venus flybys in the mid-to-late 1970s, on the other hand, could be based on Apollo systems, yet would venture beyond the safe harbor of the Earth-moon system.
Little was known of Mars's atmosphere or surface conditions when Ruppe's engineers performed their study. A manned Mars flyby in the 1970s could, they argued, provide data they would need to design a 1980s Mars landing mission. They proposed that, in addition to exploring Mars closeup with remote-sensing instruments mounted on their spacecraft, flyby astronauts should serve as caretakers for a small armada of automated probes. These would include "landers, atmospheric floaters, skippers, orbiters, and possibly probes. . .to perform aerodynamic entry tests [of spacecraft] designs and materials."
Automated probes would need caretakers, the MSFC team believed, because they had had a checkered history. Mariner II had flown past Venus successfully in December 1962, near EMPIRE's end, confirming what astronomers had already begun to suspect: that the planet's dense clouds hid a hellish surface. The Ranger VII moon probe had returned images of southeast Oceanus Procellarum as it plunged toward planned destructive impact in July 1964, thereby providing engineers designing the Apollo Lunar Module lander with essential data on the moon's surface. Mariners I and III had, however, failed, as had the first six Rangers. Mariner IV had been launched toward Mars on 28 November 1964, as editing began on the Ruppe team's study report. As it saw print in February 1965, the 261-kilogram solar-powered robot remained healthy. It was, however, anyone's guess whether Mariner IV would survive until its planned Mars flyby in July 1965.
The MSFC engineers believed that "the major emphasis of the manned flyby-unmanned probe combination" should "be focused on assisting later [Mars] landing missions." Engineers who lacked data on Mars conditions would, they explained, have little choice but to design the Mars landing spacecraft for "worst conditions." This would tend to increase its mass and thus the number of costly booster rockets necessary to place its components into Earth orbit for assembly.
Conversely, adequate knowledge of Mars would enable engineers to cut costs by taking advantage of the conditions there. Of particular importance, they wrote, would be probes that would test propellant-saving aerodynamic braking maneuvers in the martian atmosphere and prospect for "usable indigenous materials. . .such as water" on Mars's surface. They estimated that, lacking adequate prior knowledge of Mars, the first manned landing mission "would probably transport 2 or 3 men to the surface of Mars for a few days. . .[at a cost of] a billion dollars per man-day on Mars." If on the other hand, "the physical properties of Mars were well known, we could think. . .of the first landing as a long-duration base, reducing cost to less than 10 million dollars per man-day."
The MSFC team consulted Ruppe's published launch opportunity tables to determine that several Mars and Venus flyby launch windows would open in the mid-to-late 1970s. Because Venus has a nearly circular orbit around the Sun, opportunities to reach it would vary little in terms of amount of energy required, mission duration, and Earth-return velocity (all critical factors in interplanetary mission design). Mars, on the other hand, has a noticeably eccentric (elliptical) orbit, which means that these factors vary considerably from one launch opportunity to the next. For their detailed analysis, the MSFC engineers opted for a "typical" Mars flyby that would leave Earth orbit in September 1975, and a corresponding "typical" Venus flyby that would depart Earth orbit in August 1978.
An "improved" two-stage variant of the Apollo Saturn V would serve as the manned flyby program's workhorse Earth-to-orbit booster. The first payload it would place into orbit for any flyby mission would be the 125-ton flyby spacecraft with a multipurpose "aft skirt assembly." Stacked atop the two-stage Saturn V and covered with a streamlined launch shroud, the flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly would outwardly resemble the Skylab Orbital Workshop, which was launched on a two-stage Saturn V in May 1973, eight years after Ruppe's team completed its study.
The three-stage Saturn V configured for Apollo moon flights stood 363 feet tall, while the two-stage Saturn V with Skylab on top measured 333.6 feet tall. The two-stage Saturn V with the flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly combination on top would stand 332 feet tall. Skylab measured 84.5 feet long at launch, while the flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly would measure 89 feet long with its launch shroud (A in the drawing below) and 81.6 feet long in orbit, after its shroud had been discarded.
The MSFC engineers tapped as their rocket engine for course corrections the Apollo Lunar Module Descent Engine (B). It would draw hypergolic propellants (that is, fuel and oxidizer that ignite on contact with each other) from four spherical tanks (I). The tanks were designed to hold enough propellants to change the flyby spacecraft's speed by 500 meters per second (mps). The 0.5-kilometer-per-second course change would need 26,272 pounds of propellants for the 1975 Mars flyby and 20,583 pounds for the 1978 Venus flyby.
A pair of 5000-pound "radioisotope power supply systems" would be mounted to the flyby spacecraft near the course-correction engine, well away from the spherical, 20-foot-diameter Lab/Crew Living area (M). During ascent to Earth orbit, these would remain folded inside the launch shroud (C). Some time after shroud separation, they would pivot outward to their flight positions (D) and begin to make electricity.
The flyby spacecraft's pressurized Hangar (E) would fill the space between the course-correction engine and the course-correction propellant tanks. The three-man flyby crew would reach the Hangar from their main living area via an airlock tube (J). The Hangar would contain at its center a modified Apollo Command and Service Module (CSM). The Ruppe team felt it necessary to cocoon the CSM within the Hangar to protect it from "micrometeoroids, outgassing, and other detrimental effects" of long space exposure.
The CSM warranted special protection for two reasons. First and foremost, it was the flyby crew's end-of-mission Earth-atmosphere reentry vehicle. The astronauts would ride in its conical Command Module (CM) (F) and would use the Service Propulsion System (SPS) main engine (H) on its drum-shaped Service Module (SM) (G) to slow to Apollo lunar-return speed of 11 kilometers per second (kps) before they reached Earth's atmosphere. Cocooning the CSM in the Hangar would also limit the amount of costly redesign and retesting the CSM would need before it could be used for manned Mars/Venus flyby missions. The CM for flyby missions would lack a docking unit, but otherwise would closely resemble the Apollo lunar CM. It would, therefore, need no new testing.
For Venus flybys, the SM also could remain unchanged. The Mars flyby SM, on the other hand, would approach Earth moving fast enough that its SPS engine would need to fire for up to 536 seconds longer than the Apollo lunar SPS and burn up to 2790 pounds more propellants than the Apollo lunar SM could hold. The Mars flyby SM would thus need longer propellant tanks and either a redesigned SPS or a pair of conventional SPSs operating in tandem or in series. A new engine rated for a longer burn time was also a possibility, though that option would not be in keeping with the MSFC team's goal of reliance on Apollo hardware.
In addition to the Earth-atmosphere reentry CSM, the flyby spacecraft Hangar would house five tons of automated probes destined for release near the mission's target planet. As noted above, the astronauts' main job would be to ensure that the probes remained functional until they reached Mars or Venus. The crew would thus have available within the Hangar 1000 pounds of tools and supplies for servicing the probes. The MSFC engineers also placed an airlock for spacewalks in the Hangar, though they doubted that it would see much use, as well as a stock of emergency life support provisions.
When not attending to their cargo of probes, the three flyby astronauts would live and work in the Lab/Crew Living Area, where they would breathe a half-oxygen, half-nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 10 pounds per square inch. The Lab/Crew Living Area and the Hangar could each be repressurized 12 times during a Mars flyby mission and eight times during a Venus flyby mission. Repressurization would occur in the event that a meteoroid punctured the spacecraft hull or after scheduled periodic air dumps that would purge the atmosphere of toxic trace gases outgassed from furnishings and equipment and generated by experiments and cooking. Each repressurization would need 1885 pounds of gases, bringing the total breathing gas carried to 22,650 pounds for the typical Mars flyby spacecraft and 15,050 pounds for the Venus flyby spacecraft. A system for recycling air between purges would have a mass of 1800 pounds on both the Mars and Venus flyby spacecraft.
The Ruppe team's engineers cited a study by the MSFC Research Projects Laboratory (RPL) when they rejected specialized radiation shielding for the flyby spacecraft's bottle-shaped emergency shelter (K). The RPL had found that solar flares powerful enough to harm flyby crews were unlikely to occur in the mid-to-late 1970s. In place of 1000 pounds of shielding, the MSFC team proposed a double-walled shelter with the crew's water supply stored between its walls. Two 500-pound water reclamation systems (main and spare) would recycle cabin air moisture, wash water, and urine. Equipment and food would be arranged around the shelter's exterior to provide additional radiation protection. The crew would sleep inside the shelter to minimize their exposure to cosmic rays. In the event of fire, catastrophic pressure loss, or other emergency, the shelter, which would contain a duplicate set of spacecraft controls, could be sealed off from the rest of the flyby spacecraft.
The MSFC engineers calculated that building the flyby spacecraft so that it could spin to create artificial gravity would add 69,000 pounds to its mass. The engineers rejected this in favor of providing a small centrifuge (L) capable of holding two astronauts at a time. Support arms would attach the twin centrifuge gondolas to a motorized ring around the hatch leading into the emergency shelter.
The Lab/Crew Living Area would nestle in a bowl-shaped recess in the aft skirt assembly (O). At its front end, the aft skirt assembly would match the 22-foot diameter of the flyby spacecraft; at its aft end, it would match the 33-foot diameter of the S-II second stage of the Saturn V that would boost it and the flyby spacecraft into 185-kilometer-high Earth orbit. S-II separation would reveal twin RL-10 rendezvous and docking rocket motors (P) and a large socket-like docking structure (N) on the aft skirt assembly's aft end. At its front end, the aft skirt assembly would contain a ring-shaped, 22-foot-diameter Saturn V Instrument Unit (IU). In addition to guiding the Saturn V carrying the flyby spacecraft during its ascent to Earth orbit, the IU would provide guidance control for Earth-orbital assembly maneuvers and for Earth-orbit departure.
The number of two-stage Saturn V rockets required to place into Earth orbit the flyby spacecraft, its S-IIB Orbital Launch Vehicle (OLV), and liquid oxygen (LOX) for the S-IIB OLV would depend on the amount of energy required to place the flyby spacecraft on course for its target planet. Even in the least demanding opportunities, Mars flybys would require more energy than Venus flybys, so would need more Saturn V rockets.
The MSFC engineers described in detail the assembly campaign for the Mars flyby mission that would leave Earth orbit in September 1975, during a launch opportunity lasting 28 days. The first two-stage Saturn V in the assembly campaign would lift off from one of the two Complex 39 Saturn V launch pads at Cape Kennedy, Florida, on 28 April 1975. If the Saturn V rocket failed and the flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly it carried was destroyed, then a backup would lift off on 24 June 1975.
The next Saturn V in the series would launch on 28 June 1975, bearing the first of four LOX tankers to 185-kilometer orbit. The Ruppe team's tanker could transport about 95 tons of LOX. Three more successful tanker launches would be needed; these would occur on 6 July and 7 July and 3 September 1975. A single backup tanker would be available in the event of a launch failure; if it became necessary, then it would launch on 6 September 1975.
With a Mars flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly and four LOX tankers safely orbiting the Earth, the sixth and last Saturn V would launch the S-IIB OLV into a 485-kilometer-high orbit on 13 September 1975. As its name implies, the S-IIB OLV would be a derivative of the Saturn V S-II second stage. Modifications would include deletion of two of its five J-2 engines and improved insulation to retard boil-off and escape of the roughly 80 tons of liquid hydrogen it would carry into orbit. The MSFC engineers expected that an S-IIB OLV could be developed that would retain enough liquid hydrogen for flyby spacecraft Earth-orbit departure 72 hours after its launch from Complex 39, but aimed for an Earth-orbit departure 50 hours after Earth launch.
Using the twin RL-10 engines in its aft skirt assembly, the unmanned flyby spacecraft would climb to a 485-kilometer circular orbit and rendezvous with the S-IIB OLV as soon as the latter was confirmed to be safely in orbit. It would then back up and dock with the S-IIB OLV. Next, the four LOX tankers would climb to 485-kilometer orbit and dock one at a time with the S-IIB OLV. Each would pump its cargo into the S-IIB OLV's LOX tank, then would undock and move away, clearing the way for the next in the series.
The astronauts would board the Mars flyby spacecraft 20 hours before planned launch from Earth orbit. If NASA had a space station in Earth orbit in 1975, they might board from that. An alternate plan would see the flyby astronauts reach their spacecraft on board an Apollo CSM launched from Earth on a Saturn IB rocket. After entering the flyby spacecraft and checking out its systems, they would cast off the CSM.
The S-IIB OLV's three J-2 engines would burn for about eight minutes on September 26, 1975 to push the flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly combination out of 485-kilometer Earth orbit and place it on course for Mars. The burn would add about five kps to its speed. After the flyby spacecraft/aft skirt assembly combination separated from the S-IIB, the RL-10 engines in the aft skirt assembly would be used to fine-tune the flyby spacecraft's course. The aft skirt assembly, its work done, could then be cast off or retained for at least part of the mission to provide additional radiation/meteoroid shielding for the Lab/Crew Living Area.
Ruppe's team provided an example heliocentric orbital plot for a manned Mars flyby mission leaving Earth on September 26, 1975. The dashed line on the plot represents the flyby spacecraft's path around the Sun. Flight to Mars would require 130 days. Halfway to Mars, on November 30, 1975, the crew would adjust their spacecraft's course using the course-correction engine. The MSFC engineers budgeted enough propellants for the first midcourse burn to change the flyby spacecraft's speed by 150 mps. The crew would eject "consumed life support" (that is, body and food waste, saturated absorbent charcoal, used filters, and other trash) shortly before the course-correction burn so that it would continue on the flyby spacecraft's original course and not intersect Mars.
Mars flyby would occur on 3 February 1976, when Mars and the flyby spacecraft were 0.86 Astronomical Units (AU) - that is, 0.86 times the Earth-Sun distance - from Earth. The flyby spacecraft would approach Mars's day side, reaching a distance of 200,000 kilometers from the planet's center 6.5 hours before closest approach. It would pass 792 kilometers from Mars's surface moving at about 11 kps relative to the planet, then would retreat from Mars's night side. During approach to the planet, the astronauts would release 2.5 tons of robot probes and carry out continuous observations. Near closest approach, they would ignite the course-correction engine a second time.
During retreat from Mars, the astronauts would release an additional 2.5 tons of probes. While the flyby spacecraft remained close to Mars, it would relay data from the probes to Earth at a high data rate. The flyby spacecraft would, however, spend only one hour within 18,250 kilometers of Mars's center. Five and a half hours after closest approach, it would pass beyond 164,000 kilometers from the planet's center, and shortly after that the Mars probes would switch to direct transmission to Earth at a low data rate. The crew would then begin a grueling 539-day journey home.
A few weeks later, the crew would become the first humans to enter the Asteroid Belt. Maximum distance from Earth (3.21 AU) would be attained on September 13, 1976, about one year into their mission. At about the same time, Earth would move behind the Sun as viewed from the flyby spacecraft. The crew would then perform the mission's final course-correction burn, changing their spacecraft's speed by up to 200 mps.
The flyby spacecraft would pass inside of Mars's orbit on 31 May 1977 at a distance of 0.353 AU from Earth. Over the following two months, it would gradually catch up with the homeworld. On 19 July 1977, six days before planned Earth atmosphere reentry, the crew would transfer to the modified Apollo CSM in the Hangar and check out its systems. Two days before reentry, the CSM would emerge from its cocoon and abandon the flyby spacecraft. On 25 July, with Earth looming outside its small windows, the crew would turn the CSM so that its engine or engines pointed in its direction of flight. A burn lasting up to 19.4 minutes would reduce the CSM's speed from up to 15.8 kps to Apollo lunar-return speed of 11 kps, then the conical CM would detach and, using small rocket motors, orient its bowl-shaped heat shield for reentry. Minutes later, the CM would deploy three parachutes and lower gently into the ocean.
The Ruppe team also prepared an orbital plot for the Venus flyby mission departing Earth in August 1978. A shortened S-IIB OLV would add about 3.8 kps to the Venus flyby spacecraft's speed. The mission would be of shorter duration than the Mars mission - only one year - with Venus flyby occurring low over the planet's day side on 11 December 1978. The spacecraft would attain its greatest distance from Earth - 0.674 AU - on 15 April 1979. After leaving the Hangar, the CSM's main engine would trim about 2.6 kps from its Earth-approach speed. Reentry and splashdown would occur on 16 August 1979.
The MSFC engineers outlined a hardware development schedule based (inexplicably) on a Venus flyby in late 1975 and a Mars flyby in 1978 (that is, the reverse of the program detailed above). They also estimated the probable cost of the flyby program. They assumed that no new-start funding for the program would become available in NASA's budget before Fiscal Year (FY) 1969, after the first successful Apollo lunar landing, which in 1965 was scheduled to take place during 1968. Detailed flyby program planning would begin in mid-1968 and last a year.
LOX tanker, flyby spacecraft, and interplanetary avionics development would commence in the last quarter of 1968. LOX tanker development, at a cost of $380 million, would be completed in late 1974. A pair of LOX tanker flight tests would launch on two-stage Saturn V rockets in 1973 and mid-1974. A flyby spacecraft development test unit would reach Earth orbit on a two-stage Saturn V in 1974; among other things, it would be used for crew training. The flyby spacecraft would cost more to develop than any other hardware element ($1.563 billion). Avionics development (total cost: $325 million) would include a Saturn IB-launched flight test.
S-IIB OLV development (total cost: $425 million) would start in late 1969 and conclude in 1974. S-IIB OLV flight tests would take place in 1973-1974. Apollo SM modifications (total cost: $115 milion) would begin in mid-1970 and end in 1974, and aft skirt assembly development (total cost: $165 million) would span late 1970 through early 1975. An aft skirt assembly flight test using a Saturn IB launch vehicle would take place in 1974.
Science probe development for the 1975 Venus flyby would begin in mid-1970 and continue through the last quarter of 1975. Mars probe development would start in the last quarter of 1973 and run through 1977. Probe development would cost $220 million for each mission.
The MSFC engineers based their operational cost estimates on learning curves developed through the many Saturn V and Saturn IB launches that they expected would occur by the mid-1970s. They estimated that 62 three-stage and two-stage Saturn Vs would be launched prior to the first Venus flyby Saturn V launch, so that each Saturn V for the Venus flyby would cost $70 million. Fifty-two Saturn IB launches would take place before the first Venus flyby Saturn IB launch, leading to a cost per Venus flyby Saturn IB of $22 million. They assumed that 70 Apollo CSMs would have flown before the first Venus flyby CSM, leading to a Venus flyby CSM cost of $72 million.
For the 1978 Mars flyby, the MSFC engineers assumed that NASA would have already launched 98 three-stage and two-stage Saturn V rockets by the time the first Mars flyby Saturn V lifted off, lowering the cost per Mars flyby Saturn V to only $65 million. Seventy Saturn IB launches would have taken place, reducing the cost for each Mars flyby Saturn IB to $20 million. One hundred CSMs would have flown ahead of the first Mars flyby CSM, reducing the flyby CSM cost to $69 million.
Design and development cost would peak in FY 1972 at $895 million. Operational cost would peak at $497 million in FY 1974. The peak funding year for the program would be FY 1973, when operational and development costs would total $1.222 billion. Development costs would total $3.75 billion between FY 1969 and FY 1978. Operational costs would total $2.671 billion between FY 1971 and FY 1978. The entire manned flyby program would cost $6.421 billion. They estimated that by providing data to engineers, the manned flyby program would reduce by about $4 billion the cost of a follow-on Mars landing mission.
The MSFC engineers also conducted what they called a "mission worth analysis." They first assumed an undefined "basic space program" for the 1970s and 1980s. Manned Venus flyby missions could, they calculated, be deleted from the program with only a 2% impact on total space program worth and only a 10% reduction in planetary program worth because "it is not possible to land on Venus." Leaving the Venus flybys in place but deleting the Mars flyby and landing missions would reduce total space program worth by 9% and planetary program worth by half. Deleting all manned planetary missions and relying only on robotic probes would reduce total space program worth by 12% and planetary program worth by 63%.
Mariner IV triumphantly flew past Mars on 14-15 July 1965, five months after the MSFC team's study report saw print. It returned 21 black-and-white images of the planet's cratered surface and conducted a radio-diffraction experiment that indicated a martian atmospheric pressure ten times less than expected. Mariner IV revealed a Mars apparently inhospitable to life. The mission also showed that robots could cross the gulf between Earth and Mars and return useful data without help from astronaut caretakers.
Oddly enough, neither Mariner IV's success nor its discouraging Mars findings undermined the manned flyby concept. The flyby program goal of putting Saturn-Apollo hardware to new uses remained attractive to many in NASA. In April 1966, NASA Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight George Mueller launched a new manned flyby study under the auspices of the Planetary Joint Action Group (JAG), which drew members from MSFC, the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas, Kennedy Space Center in Florida, NASA Headquarters, and NASA planning contractor Bellcomm. The new study, which emphasized the 1975 manned Mars flyby opportunity, sought to flesh out automated probe and on-board instrument designs and to further explore the interplanetary potential of Apollo technology and techniques.
Manned Planetary Reconnaissance Mission Study: Venus/Mars Flyby, NASA TM X-53205, Harry O. Ruppe, Future Projects Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 5 February 1965.


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Police are investigating after a student was shot at an Atlanta school on Thursday afternoon.
The 14-year-old student at Price Middle School was transported in stable condition to Grady Memorial Hospital with a gunshot wound to the back of his neck, Atlanta police spokesman Carlos Campos said.
The student was treated and released Thursday evening, Grady spokeswoman Denise Simpson said.
The shooting occurred just before 2 p.m. in southeast Atlanta, north of the Lakewood area. A small-caliber handgun was recovered at the scene. A teacher suffered a minor injury "while running," Campos said.
An armed police resource officer apprehended the suspect, also a student at the school, "within minutes," authorities said during a late afternoon news conference. Charges against the suspect are pending, Campos said.
The identities of the victim and the suspect will not be released because they are juveniles.
The preliminary investigation indicates that the shooting was the result of a previous disagreement between the students involved, Campos said.
School officials praised the response of the officer, an off-duty Atlanta police officer, but offer few details of the incident, which happened on the school campus between the main building and the gym.
Atlanta Public Schools superintendent Erroll Davis said that the school followed security protocol in putting a "hard lock down" into effect while Atlanta Police Department SWAT team searched the building room by room to be sure it was secure.
The district notified parents by robocalls about 3:05 p.m. Davis said the response will be reviewed Friday, but his impression was the district responded as fast as it could. He said it was not clear if the suspect had to go through the school's metal detector because the incident was outside the building.
"We did not want to alert parents that the building was safe and secure until we could determine it was safe and secure, and that takes time," he said.
After waiting for hours, parent James Bolton Sr. hugged his 10-year-old son in the parking lot of a nearby church at about 5 p.m. He said he was relieved to learn, at about 3:45, that his child was not injured.
"Once they said (the victim) was 14, then I breathed a sigh of relief," Bolton said. "As long as I got this one back I am OK."
James Bolton Jr., 10, said, "Something happened out in the courtyard." Students were told over the intercom that the school was on immediate lockdown, the student said.
A parent of an eighth grader at Price to meet with an assistant principal after her son was involved in a fight said she heard the gunshot.
Upon hearing the gunshot, Madrika Gray said she asked the assistant principal, "Is that what I think it was?"
Children immediately began screaming and running, said Gray, who took cover in the assistant principal's office.
She said she later saw the shot child "conscious and talking."
The mother said she has warned her child that fighting leads to more violence.
"It's like I told him, a fight is not just a fight anymore, you can get killed," Gray said.
At 3:45 p.m., a school official emerged and told anxiously waiting parents that "All children are safe."
Parents were not allowed to pick students up at the school, which had been on lockdown and cordoned off by police. Instead, students boarded buses and were transported to nearby parking lots, including a nearby church, under police escort.
Children waved happily at their parents as the first buses left the school at about 4:50 p.m.
About 50 parents waiting for their children grew frustrated as they lined up on Benjamin Weldon Bickers Drive, saying they had not received updates from police or school officials.
Lashanda Williams, who has a seventh grade son in the school, said, "We want to know who the injured child is. We are all wondering, 'What if it is our child?'"
Parent Michelle Watts said she was called at about 2:15 p.m. by her sixth grade son's teacher, alerting her that her son was OK but there had been a shooting.
"He is very scared. He said on the phone, 'Please come get me, please come get me,'" Watts said.
Parent April Hood said parents received a text message from APS at 3 p.m. saying a student had been shot and a teacher had been hurt. Hood is the parent of an eighth grader.
"I'm worried about my baby," said Hood. "I think they need to have more security at the school. This is ridiculous."
Wanaka Harrison, who has a daughter in seventh grade, said she believes the shooting was not random, but a fight between two students.
"What happened up there," she said, while pointing at the school, "could have happened anywhere. This kid was wanting to shoot this kid. If anything, these kids are fighting too much."
"Middle school? I know kids are scared to high school but middle school is too young to be toting guns," said Lolita Bailey, whose child is in seventh grade.
Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed, in a press release, said, "Gun violence in and around our schools is simply unconscionable and must end.
"Too many young people are being harmed, and too many families are suffering from unimaginable and unnecessary grief. I pray that the student who was shot today at Price Middle School in southwest Atlanta recovers quickly and can return home to family and friends," Reed said. "I would also like the students, faculty and families of the Price Middle School community to know that they have the full support of the City of Atlanta as they heal from today's terrible incident. The city's Employee Assistance Program counselors are already at the school providing guidance for students, faculty and family members."
Initial police reports were that the shooting was at Carver High School. Carver High and Slater Elementary were also on lockdown.


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Closing down a busy bridge for safety inspections is difficult because it can lead to traffic nightmares on either side. But at the same time, the last thing engineers want is for it to collapse with vehicles on deck. So a team of researchers has come up with a novel way to test a concrete bridge's structural integrity by simply listening to the sound of rain drops.
It sounds a little impossible that a tiny drop of water could reveal problems in a multi-tonne structure, but according to professors Brian Mazzeo and Spencer Guthrie from Brigham Young University, there's a measurable audible distinction with structures that have a flaw. The technique is known as impact-echo testing, and the use of water drops is a marked improvement over previous approaches that involved a metal chain being literally dragged across the road deck while engineers listened for dull, hollow sounds.
With this approach, instead of having to completely shut down the bridge to traffic, a vehicle could drive across at speeds of up to 30 mph while spraying it with water. On-board microphones would be used to listen for changes in sound, and scanning even a giant suspension bridge for structural flaws would take mere minutes. Or hours, depending on gridlock.


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Terry Pratchett is a man with a lot to be angry about, these days, and in this book he finds his perfect vehicle in Sam Vimes. Vimes has been forced to go on holiday to his (actually his wife's) country estate; and as the bookcover blurb says "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a policeman taking a holiay will barely have had time to open his suitcase before he finds his first corpse." As ever with the Vimes books, this is darker in quality than some of the others. There's a lot of justice and injustice in this book, and a lot of righteous anger; the title does refer to tobacco in part, but also to what happens when one group of people declare another group of people not to be people at all, but commodities to be exploited. This is a Pratchett tour de force and every now and then you're just stunned by the quality of the argument. Although he's an atheist, he's never afraid to corral religious language when no other will do; at the end of one long ramble by his trainee copper, "the voice of Vimes, and this time sounding rather far away, said, 'Do you know what that little speech you made was called, Mister Feeney?' 'Don't know sir, it's just what I think.' 'It was called redemption, Mister Feeney. Hold on to it.' " My only reservation with this one is the transformation of Willikins from the perfect gentleman's gentleman to something far more elemental and dangerous; but it does work. And of course, it's also hilarious; there's the 12-year-old's humour, but also something much more knowing and subversive of literary genres too, and he blends all the strands in wonderfully.
Just my type: a book about fonts, by Simon Garfield. London: Profile, 2011.
This was a Christmas present - thanks, Sue! I'd heard one of the episodes when this was book of the week on Radio 4 and I was working from home, but had promptly forgotten all the details of the book. If I'd realised it was the guy responsible for the equally fascinating Mauve, about the history of the chemical dye, I'd have remembered it better! This is a fascinating roller-coaster ride through the intricacies of font history and design; and I've spent the last week or so looking at packaging and signposting with new eyes. From Gutenberg to the guy who designed the Rolling Stone masthead and the man responsible for Comic Sans, Garfield explores the history and aesthetics of font design while never losing a sense of humour. And at the end, his 8 Worst Fonts of All Time are hilarious.
The coldest blood, by Jim Kelly [audiobook]. Read by Ray Sawyer. Oxford, Isis, 2007.
Two men die in the Fens around Ely - both frozen to death in different ways. Philip Dryden, a former Fleet Street journalist demoted to chief reporter for the Ely Crow, realises there's a link both between the two men and with his own childhood. He investigates with his unlikely sidekick Humph, and finds himself digging into his own past. The plot is fascinating and twists and turns nicely, and the geography is spot on; I wasn't sure about Jim Kelly from the previous book of his I read, but will definitely give him another go now.
Hostile witness, by Rebecca Forster. Kindle edition.
Sixteen-year-old Hannah Sheraton is remanded for the murder of her step-grandfather, a retired judge. Hannah's mother Lynda hires an old college roommate, Josie Baylor-Bates, to represent Hannah who suffers from obsessive compulsive disorder. Hannah is not a likeable character - spoilt, unaware of the magnitude of her situation and occasionally violent - but as Josie investigates further to find the tangled disfunctional family's secrets, she becomes aware that each time she excavates a layer, the picture becomes completely different. Excellently plotted with a number of surprises.
Broadmoor revealed: Victorian crime and the lunatic asylum, by Mark Stevens. Kindle edition. 2011.
Mark Stevens is the archivist at the Berkshire records office which holds the records of the Broadmoor Hospital for the Clinically Insane, and has extracted some of the more interesting stories from the archives to give both a profile of the general population of the hospital in the Victorian era, and the stories of some of the more high-profile inmates (Richard Dadd, Edward Oxford, William Chester Minor) and some less-known but typical in some way. He also explores the Victorian attitude to crime and to mental illness, and does it all tremendously entertainingly.


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Statehouse focus: Fuel tax
Education spending and property tax cuts have been the focus so far in Iowa's legislative session, but some people think another change that could emerge this year is an increase in the fuel tax.
Iowa's fuel tax is now 22 cents per gallon including all fees. It hasn't been raised since 1989.
Lawmakers have for years proposed raising the tax, and a commission appointed by Gov. Terry Branstad in 2011 recommended an increase of 8 to 10 cents to boost funding for the state's network of bridges and roads.
An effort to raise the tax by 10 cents failed in the Legislature last year. But House Transportation Committee chairman Rep. Joshua Byrnes says he thinks similar legislation would have a stronger chance this session because it isn't an election year.


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The Princeton Review unveiled its annual list of biggest party schools and the winner is ... Florida! The Gators edged fellow Southeastern Conference member Mississippi, with Penn State finishing third.
On the other end is Brigham Young, voted No. 1 among stone-cold sober schools. Outside of BYU, you probably won't recognize many of the schools unless you carefully study nonconference schedules of SEC teams.
Here are the top 20 party schools:
1. University of Florida
2. University of Mississippi
3. Penn State University
4. West Virginia University
5. Ohio University
6. Randolph-Macon College (Ashland, Va.)
7. University of Georgia
8. University of Texas
9. University of California Santa Barbara
10. Florida State University
11. University of New Hampshire
12. University of Iowa
13. University of Colorado
14. Indiana University
15. Tulane University
16. University of Illinois
17. Arizona State University
18. University of Tennessee
19. University of Alabama
20. Loyola University New Orleans
Here are the top 20 stone-cold sober schools:
1. Brigham Young University, Provo.
2. Wheaton College, Wheaton, Ill.
3. U.S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn.
4. College of the Ozarks, Point Lookout, Mo.
5. Grove City College, Grove City, Pa.
6. U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colo.
7. U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.
8. Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.
9. Thomas Aquinas College, Santa Paula, Calif.
10. Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Mich.
11. U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.
12. Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga.
13. Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, Mass.
14. City University of New York-Queens College, Flushing, N.Y.
15. Webb Institute, Glen Cove, N.Y.
16. Berea College, Berea, Ky.
17. Agnes Scott College, Decatur, Ga.
18. City University of New York-Baruch College, New York.
19. Simmons College, Boston.
20. Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Thanks to H.T.
Monday, July 28, 2008
Florida Has Something to Be Proud Of
Posted by dawizofodds at 3:35 PM
3 comments:
My alma mater is #5 on the stone-cold sober schools.
First: Not a suprise that Gag Me Scott is on the sober list, even though it is in Atlanta.
Second: Couldn't pass up a chance to take a shot at the SEC again, could you. Jealousy is not flattering.
Maybe the SEC joke would have made some sense if any teams the SEC has played were on the list, or even if the list included a lot of SE schools. As it stands, its just an unnecessary cheap shot that doesn't even make all that much sense.
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Palm Bay: Akita Breeders
Below is a sample search of our Akita breeders with puppies for sale. The search tool above returns a list of breeders located nearest to the zip or postal code you enter. From there you can see photos of their pups, find detailed information on their web page and contact them by e-mail, phone and even get driving directions.
(Detailed contact information has been omitted. Enter your zip or postal code above to access our up-to-date directory).
This is a FREE search tool! Use the form at the top to get complete listings for breeders in your area!
Important: Breeders.net has not screened the listed breeders and accepts no responsibility for their reputation or quality. It is your responsibility to investigate. See How to Find a Dog.
Cosmic-Evolution Kennels
Services: Puppies,Stud Service,Rescue
Fall puppies are here!! We have 4 healthy puppies!!!We strive to breed Akita's that are strong, healthy, obedient humble dogs with potential for ANYTHING. QUESTIONS PLEASE FEEL FREE TO CONTACT!!
Excel Shu-Ku Akitas
Services: Puppies,Adult Dogs,Stud Service,Rescue
We are a Dedicated breeder & exhibitor with over 30 years in the Akita Breed ~ Striving to produce dogs that excel in breed type & stable temperament for show & family homes.
Gekko Akitas
Services: Puppies,Adult Dogs,Stud Service
AKC Breeder of Merit, ACA Member. Champion bloodlines, sire & dam are champions with excellent temperaments. OFA hips, elbows, patellae & eyes. Active in AKC conformation, obedience & rally events.
Mama's Kita Bears Kennel
Services: Puppies,Stud Service
Totally Teddy Bears. Come visit us in Wisconsin! Pups available October 2019!
Japanese Akita Havoc Kennels
Services: Puppies
Litter born 23Oct16. Currently 3 white females and 1 white male available. Puppies are gorgeous & show quality. Please see website for pictures.


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Add to Calendar
April 7, 2016 @ 8:00 pm – April 8, 2016 @ 1:00 am
36 5th Ave
Brooklyn, NY 11217
36 5th Ave
Brooklyn, NY 11217
Ladies free and men $5 before 9:00 PM, $7 After (Both men and women)
DJ John John
718 - 622 - 8922
Marcus Gonzalez & Jose Rivera of the Salsa Salsa Dance Studio invite all the mambo dancers to come and enjoy a Thursday night of salsa dancing at Yayo's Latin Cuisine, a long-standing Latin restaurant and downstairs lounge that has been around for at least 30 years. Plenty of classic salsa and more by DJ John John along with live drummers. Come for both dancing, socializing and eating. Yayo's has a complete menu of Latin food and a full bar.
The salsa party is held downstairs in the lounge where there are 2 rooms of dancing plus seating and a full bar.
FREE Beginner salsa class from 8:00 – 8:30 PM
by Salsa Salsa Dance Studio instructor.
– Music by DJ JohnJohn -.


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Print / Digital Subscription »
We need to clarify something we wrote in the September issue of SnoWest ["Peering Into A Snowmobile's Heart," September, 2010, page 18].
In the story we mentioned that Polaris is moving its engine production facilities from Wisconsin to Mexico. That is true for the company's ORV (both ATVs and side-by-side vehicles) segment. However, the way the article reads it implies that snowmobile engines are part of that mix, too, which is not true. Snowmobile engine production is being moved to Roseau, MN, where Polaris has long built its snowmobiles.
If you read the May 21, 2010 news update titled "Polaris To Realign Manufacturing Operations" on www.snowest.com, that information is correct.
Like what you read?
Want to know when we have important news, updates or interviews?
Join our newsletter today!
Send to your friends!


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Biden the shotgun pitchman
Vice President Joe Biden is becoming quite the gun salesman.
For the second time in a month, he espoused the virtues of double-barreled shotguns in an online chat Tuesday.
He advised a questioner in a Facebook Town Hall that 12-gauge shotguns -- like the one he owns -- are better for self-protection than assault weapons.
"As I told my wife -- we live in an area that's wooded and somewhat secluded -- I said, 'Jill if there's ever a problem, just walk out on the balcony here or walk out, put that double barreled shotgun, and fire two blasts outside the house,'" Biden said. "I promise you who's ever coming in is not going -- you don't need an AR-15, it's harder to aim, it's harder to use, and, in fact, you don't need 30 rounds to protect yourself.
"Buy a shotgun. Buy a shotgun."
The vice president made a similar pitch during a Google+ Hangout in January, when he advised a questioner to use a shotgun to fend off looters in the wake of a natural disaster.
"A shotgun will keep you a lot safer -- a double-barreled shotgun -- than an assault weapon in somebody's hands that doesn't know how to use it, even one who does know how to use it," Biden said. "You know, it's harder to use an assault weapon to hit something than it is a shotgun, OK. So if you want to keep people away in an earthquake, buy some shotgun shells."
He has been traveling and doing outreach to build grassroots support for the administration's push to renew the assault-weapons ban and ban high-capacity magazines. But he may also be increasing shotgun sales.


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In a few weeks Facebook's Menlo Park campus is going to be crawling with millionaires looking for
something to make them feel good about their new found fortune.
The social-networking company is apparently getting a jump start on its philanthropic wing. A little over a week after announcing a new feature to encourage organ donations amongst its 900 million users, Facebook is now looking to help prevent suicide prevention amongst veterans.
Facebook is friending military support organizations that work to prevent suicides amongst active and retired service members and their families.
The social network noticed that its site was already being used as a vital lifeline to connect with at risk veterans and it decided to take the next step towards formalizing a relationship.
Under the plan Facebook will offer a customized option for users who have veteran friends to receive information about crisis services tailored to the military.
Professionals can then connect with users via a phone, an online chat or in a text message.
Facebook already has suicide-prevention services for all its users but this information is tailored specifically for service members and their friends and families.
The Los Angeles Times reported that a recent survey of 4,000 military families, Blue Star Families revealed that more than 90 percent respondents reported using Facebook and another 86 percent said they were on the site daily.
Facebook Aims to Reduce Veteran Suicides
In a few weeks Facebook's Menlo Park campus is going to be crawling with millionaires looking for


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COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Former LA Galaxy midfielder Chris Birchall will play his first game against his former club as a member of the Columbus Crew.
The Trinidad and Tobago International was an important cog in the Galaxy midfield for three years, but left following the 2011 season to pursue his options in England. On Tuesday, I caught up with Birchall and provided this story on LAGalaxy.com.
Below is a complete transcript of my interview with Birchall.
(On playing the Galaxy…)
BIRCHALL: "Ever since I came back to MLS and signed with Columbus, it was the first game that I was looking for on the schedule. It's a game that I'm really looking forward to. To see the Galaxy again and see how they're all doing and to play against them and try to get the three points will be tough, but I'm just trying to play well and have a nice night as well."
BIRCHALL: "It's the same nucleus as the championship team last year. I'm excited about seeing Josh [Saunders] who I was really close with, Jovan [Kirovski], Robbie [Keane] and David [Beckham]—I know that he didn't make the trip, but all the players, Franklin, Omar. I was with them for three years so it's kind of the same squad and I'm just really looking forward to seeing them all and see how they're all doing."
(On watching LA's early slide from afar…)
BIRCHALL: "It was just one of those periods where it was such a good season last year. Something was bound to come into a set where there were a few cracks. I think that there was a few new players coming together and getting them together and injuries hurt. When Omar got injured that was a massive blow, but you could always tell that they were going to bounce back. Just about now, they're getting their back four together and are starting to play well. From now on, I think that they're a really tough team to beat."
(On what he took from his time with LA…)
BIRCHALL: "I was honored to be a member of the Galaxy during one of their greatest seasons in MLS. What we did last year was unbelievable; it would be hard for any team to emulate that. But I was just privileged and honored because I played a lot of games and I've got nothing but fond memories of the fans and the players. I've also got some fond memories of winning an MLS Cup so it will be something that I'm always grateful for and I'm always looking out for the Galaxy to do well."
(On the importance of the Galaxy came for Columbus…)
BIRCHALL: "We've got a lot of games in hand over our opponents. We've got six games in hand on Montreal and three or four games in hand on most teams. So these are the kind of games where we need to go out and get three points, we missed the game on Saturday, but soccer came second to what happened. It was emotional and now we've got to go out and try and play well. The last month, we've been playing really well and we've got to keep that going and try to pick up points at home. This is a game where it will be good to get anything out of the game, but we've got to go in with the mentality that we're trying to win it."
(On how emotional Wednesday's match will be…)
BIRCHALL: "It's been a week that the event happened with Kirk, but a lot of players are still caught up about it. Last week was a really emotional week and we had a chance to say good bye and see his family and go to the funeral. The guys carried him off well and this will be the final farewell tribute to him. There are a few things at the game and we've got t-shirts and a memorial video as well. It is going to be emotional, but once the whistle blows, we'll be fine."


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It's not a huge surprise at this point, but it looks like we're living in the last days of the iPods Classic and Shuffle — Apple may be set to kill the two non-touch iPod models off at its iPhone event next week.
It makes sense; new touchscreen devices have made these two nearly obsolete. It's sort of sad to see the Classic go, it being the only device left that shares a form factor with the original, revolutionary iPod, but these things happen. As for the Shuffle, the iPod Nano is pretty much just as small, but it has a touchscreen so you can control it a lot easier. I'm sure the sales numbers for the Classic and the Shuffle aren't too great because of this.
So don't expect updates to these two models next week. If you want one, you'd better act now; Apple won't be making them for much longer.
U.S. & World
Via TUAW


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We headed back out to Sydney Motorsport Park on Thursday, January 24 for our third Twilight Track Night.
More than 30 punters turned up to run their cars through the afternoon and into the night at the Western Sydney circuit, enjoying plenty of track time.
The pits were stacked with a huge range of cars, including a display of exotics from Ferrari Australia and the Ecurie25 Supercar Club. There were Fiat 500s, Holden utes, race-spec Ferraris and Porsches, high-performance BMW and Mercedes sedans and hard-tuned Japanese turbo monsters.
We'll be holding more Twilight Track Nights in February and March, so keep an eye on MOTOR's Facebook page for more info.


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Early 90s musical artifact Vanilla Ice recently told a UK newspaper that he dumped pop superstar Madonna for being too sexy.
While promoting his appearance on the reality series "Dancing on Ice" (think "Dancing with the Stars" meets the Ice Capades. In England), the hip hop punchline - real name Robert Van Winkle - opened up about his relationship with the Material Girl and how her controversial book "Sex" ended up quashing their budding romance.
Van Winkle, by his own admission, was initially intrigued by the older Madonna – she was 33 to his 24 when they began dating in 1991 – but eventually felt used and betrayed by her freewheeling sexuality.
"Going out with Madonna was exciting," he told "News of the World". "She was older than me and a great lover. She's still the oldest person I've ever been with, so that was an experience."
"Then when the book came out I was so embarrassed and ashamed. It was a porno. She threw me in like I was a product off a shelf and I didn't appreciate it. That was it and I ended it."
Recently, actress Isabella Rossellini told "Out" magazine that she, too, regretted appearing in Madonna's racy tome. No word on whether fellow Sex models Big Daddy Kane or Udo Kier share Rossellini's sentiments, but we'll keep you posted.
Selected Reading: PopEater, News of the World, The Vanilla Ice Project.


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Welcome to day four of our Sweet November sneak peeks and candy!
This little tot was tossing and turning all night because his older brother had convinced him that all Santa would be leaving in his stocking was a lump of coal. He tried so hard all year to stay off of that naughty list and now it may be too late! But come Christmas morning he is relieved to find a some sweet goodies all for him and a definite lack of coal. ;)
And I promise there isn't any coal in this candy either... check it out...
and our special guest gal, Kelly, you will truly be delighted!
cardstock- Bazzill and Copic X-Press It
paper- Imaginisce and BoBunny
stamp- Sweet November (Christmas Baby Stocking Boy)
ink- Memento tuxedo black and Colorbox dark brown chalk ink
Making Memories holly leaves and brad
Copic markers:
skin- E000, E00, E11, R20
hair- Y21, Y23, YR21, YR23
clothes- B0000, B000, B00, BG72, C0, C1, R46, R59, E18, W7, W9, E40, E41, 0, E53, E55, E57, R20, G94, G99, YG99


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U.S. Coast Guard via Reuters
The Deepwater Horizon oil rig burns on April 21, 2010. Eleven workers died and 4.9 million barrels of oil were spilled.
BP and the Obama administration have made progress toward a criminal and civil settlement over the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill --narrowing their differences to $6 billion, the Wall Street Journal reported -- but Gulf Coast lawmakers from both parties are worried the terms will send most of the money to the federal government instead of the affected states.
"The Obama administration could be cutting a deal that allows BP to write off much of the fines as a tax deduction," Rep. Jo Bonner, R-Ala., said in a statement this week. "What's more, the bulk of the penalty collected by the federal government would essentially be walled off from local control to be doled out as the administration sees fit."
The Journal, citing people familiar with the talks, reported Wednesday night that BP and the Justice Department are close to a broad deal but that a key obstacle is what degree of negligence, if any, should be attributed to BP. The more negligent, the higher the fines under the Clean Water Act.
Civil penalties under the act could range between $5.4 billion and $21 billion. One person familiar with the talks said that as of last month, the two sides were about $6 billion apart on a final settlement figure, the Journal reported.
The talks are separate from a March settlement whereby BP agreed to pay plaintiffs $7.8 billion for damages.
The Justice Department is weighing whether to levy fines not through the Clean Water Act but through a provision of the Oil Pollution Act that would allow BP to deduct the fines from corporate taxes, the Journal reported.
Moreover, funds in the Oil Pollution Act are controlled by the federal government, whereas Congress passed a law requiring that 80 percent of any BP fines via the Clean Water Act go to the five Gulf Coast states.
Two years after the BP drilling rig exploded and triggered the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history, some scientists and residents say they are starting to see signs of environmental damage in fish and other marine life in the Gulf Coast – which is a vital part of the local economy. Sen. Mary Landrieu, D-La., discusses.
Louisiana could actually benefit from fines via the Oil Pollution Act, since those must go to environmental cleanup and Louisiana was the hardest hit state in terms of spill damage.
But seven House lawmakers from Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and Texas last week sent a letter to U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder saying they object to any deal "that disproportionately applies penalties" through the Oil Pollution Act.
Related: Oil sheen coming from Deepwater Horizon site
A similar letter was sent by eight Senators, including Louisiana's Mary Landrieu, a Democrat who co-sponsored the RESTORE Act requiring that 80 percent of any Clean Water Act fines go to the gulf states.
"Circumventing the will of Congress by short changing the RESTORE Act is wholly unacceptable to us," they wrote.
An explosion aboard the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on April 20, 2010, led to deaths of 11 workers and the worst oil spill in U.S. history -- 4.9 million barrels of oil.
More content from NBCNews.com:
- Three dead after Florida parking garage collapse; 1 still missing
- Why did environmental nonprofit donate to conservative pro-coal group?
- Video: Drought brings skunks to golf course
- Doping agency claims proof of cheating by cyclist Armstrong
- Death of cockroach-eating contest winner in Florida puzzles experts
Follow US news from NBCNews.com on Twitter and Facebook


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Support the Speech and Debate Team
Competing for UIS
Students on the UIS Speech and Debate Team travel around the state and country competing in speech and debate competitions. They attend eight tournaments in and around Illinois, with the possibility of qualifying for a national tournament each year.
For the speech category, students can choose to compete in:
Students also compete in parliamentary debate, in which a student will either support a resolution or oppose it.
Your Gifts Contribute to Speech and Debate Team Success
The ability to communicate in speech, either in a prepared format or extemporaneously, is one that all professionals need. By helping the forensics team, you'll be giving students an outstanding opportunity to hone those skills, while growing in academic ability and personal confidence. Students also benefit from peer-coaching.
And as you can see from the photograph above, the team develops into a family who supports and enjoys each other–and that's an important benefit you can achieve as well.
For these reasons, we welcome your contributions to the team. You'll be a huge encouragement to the students, who put so much effort into representing UIS well.


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Apply Now
The first step to our admissions process is to submit an Application for Admission through our online system. When you access the online system for the first time, you will need to create an account, which requires a valid email address. There is a $35.00 application fee that can be paid online or at your local campus.
Click Here to Apply
To view an example of the application you will be completing, please Click Here.
Note: When creating your account and completing your application, ensure that you select the campus you want to attend as Location and ensure that you select the proper Anticipate Entry Term (refer here for details on which term to choose). Failure to select properly can delay the processing of your application.


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Consult Top Healthcare Law Lawyers & Legal Advisors in India
Healthcare laws in India deal with cases relating to medical negligence, regulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and controlled substances, regulation of drugs nd cosmetics, prevention of food adulteration, transplantation of human organs, management and handling of bio-medical waste, mental health, food safety and standards, pre-natal diagnostic techniques and maternity benefit.
A healthcare lawyer in India can be consulted to get compensation in a medical negligence case for lost wages, medical bills, and pain and suffering by filing a medical negligence complaint against the doctor, nurse, hospital, or healthcare provider who caused damage to the life or health of the patient. A healthcare advocate can also be consulted for matters relating to food safety and standards regulations, licensing for manufacturing, selling, storing, distributing drugs and cosmetics, advice on narcotic drugs and psychotropic substance cases, etc.
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Affordable Pricing. No Hidden Charges. Complete Legal Solution.


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'The Nexus 6P is one of the best Android phones you can buy right now, given its top-of-the-line specs for a more affordable price. '
'If you're just looking for an excellent Android phone, this could be the phone for you too... along with any number of strong alternatives. '
'The Nexus 6P is the closest thing there's ever been to a perfect Android device. '
'Highly adaptable camera'
'The Huawei P9 is one of the best phones the Chinese company has ever made. '
'The P9 is the best Huawei phone to date. '
'impressive and powerful phone'
'The P9 proves that Huawei can make great phones outside of Google's Nexus program, and it extends a budding tradition of excellence at Huawei. '
'Huawei's Mate 8 is a fantastic phone. '
'The Huawei Mate 8 is one seriously good-looking smartphone. '
'Disorganized user interface.'
'But, it's seriously let down by awful software and an inconsistent camera. '
'The Honor 5X comes with some impressive hardware, for a sub-£200 device. '
'The Honor 5X is a sensible mid-range smartphone that checks all the right boxes. '
'The metal design is appreciable, but there's a 'cheapness' to its feel.'
'beefy 3,000mAh battery'
'This could be the best value phone you'll see this year. '
'Previous P-series phones have been good-looking, but the P8 takes Huawei's definition of premium to the next level.'
'Spend some time with the P8, though, and the iPhone comparisons give way to genuine appreciation—it might be a copycat.'
'The phone looks gorgeous and its design is as refined as it gets no matter what angle you look at it. '
'EMUI 3.1 has all the features you might want.'
'The Huawei Mate S is a good-looking phone. '
'Fingerprint scanner and shortcuts.'
'Huawei's custom Android is messy to use and the pressure-sensitive display is a pointless addition that adds nothing to the overall experience.'
'Decent specs.'
'Phone's overall speed.'
'Great build quality for price.'
'Fingerprint reader.'
'The Honor 6 Plus is fairly slim at 7.5mm but the weight of 165g is above average.'
'Looking at the competition, the Honor 6 Plus' screen is not that bright.'
'And true to the Honor brand's affordable promise, the 6 Plus comes with a low price. '
'The display is bright and blacks are impressive.'
'Along with its low price, the device has some decent specs and features that make it a respectable mid-tier performer. '
'Being 'competitively' priced sometimes warrants inferior qualities, which unfortunately for this, is what's evident with its display.'
'Noise cancellation worked well, dispensing with moderately loud street noises. '
Lite in both the name and benefits
'Now while the phone is a decent performer, the Xiaomi Redmi Note 4G and Yu Yureka at Rs 9,999 and Rs 8,999 respectively, offer a better value for money than the Honor 4X's Rs 10,499 asking price. '
'the colours captured by the camera were slightly dull.'
'Not only it fails to capture details, the image shows-up incredible amount of visual noise. '
ReviewGist helps you find the best products to buy by making sense of online reviews. We are currently aggregating 376,500 reviews covering over 29,474 products.


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Packers And Movers Vishrantwadi
The task of moving goods and household belongings is made a lot easy when professionals are brought into the picture. This is the same regardless of the part of the world you live in. so, whether you live in Vishrantwadi, Pune, you are going to find professionals a big help. They are always there to help you out with your arduous task. They make the task very easy and efficient.
The area of Vishrantwadi in Pune is a collection of a number of small town and townships. It has a link with all parts of the country in the form of highways that have come up of late. It has become quite a popular destination for those looking for new locations to settle in. so, there is a unit of packers and movers in Vishrantwadi, Pune you are going to find helpful when you want to shift to the area. The area is synonymous with growth and good prospects, so a large number of people are found to be shifting and living there.
Get Relocated anywhere in INDIA and Abroad with Real Specialists...
The team of people you are to find in this area are found to be skilled in both Sindhi as well as Marathi. This is because both languages have gained currency in the area. You are bound to find your work done a lot more quickly and easily when those in charge of your belongings are proficient in the languages used by the locals in Vishrantwadi.
The professionals you are most likely to find from Agarwal packers and movers posted in Vishrantwadi are most likely to make a comprehensive list of what goes into what boxes and cartons that have been used for packing your belongings. This makes it a lot easier when things are to be unpacked. This is also going to give it a systematic and scientific approach. You can simply hand over the list of your belongings if someone at a check-post asks you what your cargo has.


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For each email account, the following fields are displayed:
Account Name, Application, Email, Server, Server Type (POP3/IMAP/SMTP),
User Name, and the Password.
If your email program is not supported by Mail PassView, you can still recover your password
by using this Password Sniffer
If your Antivirus software shows a false alert, you can use the following article that explains how to send a report about a false positive
issue to your Antivirus company:
How to Report Malware or False Positives to Multiple Antivirus Vendors
Notice: If the filename contains one or more space characters, you must
enclose it with quotes ("").
Download Mail PassView With Install/Uninstall Support (mailpv_setup.exe)


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FAQ: Catan Card Game (out of print)
Wizards & Dragons
Change Places! - Can I exchange a Fleet with a Building?
Change Places! - Can I move a Building to an empty building site?
Change Places! - Can I switch places between Road Improvements?
Yes, if the other rules are observed.
Change Places! - Can I use "Change Places!" to have my Bordello switch place with my Robber Baron's Castle?
No, the magic doesn't go that far.
Change Places! - What happens to a Witch or a Pawnbroker if I move the Buildings they are placed on?
They move accordingly.
Citadel - Can I remove my Citadels?
Citadel - How many victory points is a Citadel worth?
- If no Wizard is placed on it: one (the victory point of the settlement underneath).
- If one or more Wizards are placed on it: two (including the victory point of the settlement underneath).
Citadel - I have built 2 Citadels. Is it required that 1 Wizard be present in each of them so that I can turn them on the side "Wizard Present," thus making each card worth 2 victory points?
Yes. Each Citadel needs its own Wizard to be worth 2 victory points.
Citadel - What can I build in a Citadel?
All cards that don't have a red text box.
Citadel Expansions - What is a Citadel Expansion?
A card with a purple text box.
Comet - What effect does the Comet have if I reduced the cards in my hand before it was played?
After the Comet is played, you can always add cards to your hand until the upper limit is reached.
Countermagic - Can I play a second defense card if my opponent blocked the first one with the help of a Countermagic?
Yes, if you have a second card in your hand or can get the blocked card from the discard pile during your turn.
Countermagic - Can I still use the Countermagic after other protective measures have failed?
No. A Countermagic doesn't prevent a card's effect, it prevents a card from being played. That's why a Countermagic must be used immediately after the card is played.
Countermagic - Can I use the Countermagic against a magic spell from a Magic Book?
Countermagic - Can I use the Countermagic first on my own turn and then on my opponent's turn?