text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - Let's talking about "Hauru no ugokusiro" Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Let's talking about "Hauru no ugokusiro" Goto page 1, 2 Next Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Film and Cinema View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message kazukoJoined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 27 Posted: Mon Sep 27, 2004 4:57 pm Post subject: Let's talking about "Hauru no ugokusiro" Do you know JIBURI?? I like JIBURI's movie !!! "Sen to tihiro no kamikakusi"is very famous in the world.this movie got the prize of Academy Awaed!! "Hauru no ugokusiro"is fantasic story.It will soon come. I want to watching it Let's talking about it. Back to top mkg1211Joined: 09 Sep 2004Posts: 262Location: Cairo,Egypt Posted: Mon Oct 04, 2004 6:57 am Post subject: Is this is an american one? Back to top saayaJoined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 11 Posted: Mon Oct 11, 2004 7:20 pm Post subject: hello i'm saaya. "hauruno ugoku siro" is a japanese movie. directer is "hayao miyazaki". he is famous animation directer. i 'm not quite know of "hauruno ugoku siro". so please tell me about it Back to top mgreadingJoined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 13Location: Sendai, Japan Posted: Wed Oct 13, 2004 6:09 pm Post subject: Hello! I like "ZIBURI" too! And I had not watch it yet. But I know its story very little. HAULU is man and user of magic. He live in mouving castle . A LITTLE GIRL is becamed elderly person by magic. (But this magic is not haulu's.) They became castle together. I know by here . I want to wach it eary! Back to top pinndaiJoined: 17 Oct 2004Posts: 4Location: Japan Posted: Sun Oct 17, 2004 10:38 pm Post subject: No mkg1211 wrote: Is this is an american one? This movie is Japanese animation but the story is not told yet. This film directer is very famous in Japan. I wanna see this as soon as possible! Back to top StitchJoined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 16Location: Japan Posted: Mon Nov 01, 2004 7:07 pm Post subject: ZIBURI Hi! I also love ZIBURI's movies. Have you ever watched "Tonarino Totoro"? I really like Totoro and I wanna ride on Neko bus Please tell me what your the best ZIBURI's movie is Have fun!! From:Stitch Back to top ShioringoJoined: 27 Oct 2004Posts: 10 Posted: Sun Nov 14, 2004 5:52 pm Post subject: Hello! I am also looking forward to HAURU no ugokusiro. I am going to see in a movie theater. I like mimi wo sumaseba I saw repeatedly. How about you? Please reply Back to top RobopupJoined: 05 Nov 2004Posts: 137Location: San Francisco :) Posted: Wed Nov 17, 2004 6:21 am Post subject: Hi^_^ I want to see "Hauru no ugokushiro" soon.I am not in Japan I live near a Japanese video store. I have to wait 6 months or so for the videotape. I can hardly wait. Robopup^_^;_________________Friends are like treasure.They are valuable. Back to top kazukoJoined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 27 Posted: Sat Nov 20, 2004 5:27 am Post subject: Today is especially day!! This movie started today I want to see!! I'm aching!! But I'm busy now...howl... Have you seen it already?? Please tell me. Back to top ShioringoJoined: 27 Oct 2004Posts: 10 Posted: Sun Nov 21, 2004 5:52 pm Post subject: Hi,Kazuko!! I saw Hauru no ugokushiro yesterday Hauru was very smart It was the tale which has a dream very much.I think that there is value of enough which this movie looks at. Let's see the Hauru no ugokushiro Please reply Back to top kazukoJoined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 27 Posted: Mon Dec 06, 2004 5:20 pm Post subject: Hi! Shioring! You saw Hauru no ugokushiro I envy you.. I will see next Sunday. I have a question to everyone. If you can use the magic. What do you want to do?? If I can use...I want to go to many country for a split second! It's like a DOKODEMODOA(DORAEMON) ... ,and I want to be a transparent person. How about you Back to top RobopupJoined: 05 Nov 2004Posts: 137Location: San Francisco :) Posted: Mon Dec 06, 2004 6:28 pm Post subject: [quote="kazuko"] I have a question to everyone. If you can use the magic. What do you want to do??[/quote] *********************************** Hi kazuko If I can use magic,I would help people with my powers. *********************************** Robopup^_^ ***********************************_________________Friends are like treasure.They are valuable. Back to top masako1228Joined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 17 Posted: Mon Dec 06, 2004 7:15 pm Post subject: Hello I7m a Japanese college student. I have seen many movies which are called "JIBUIRI" I have never seen "HAURU NO UGOKUSIRO" yet... But my friend saw it three times in the movie theater She said that "HAURU" is very very smart !! "HAURU NO UGOKUSIRO" is very wonderful movie So I want to see it early also for one day Back to top nobu3.11Joined: 27 Sep 2004Posts: 5 Posted: Mon Dec 13, 2004 7:15 pm Post subject: Hello! I have watched "Hauruno ugokushiro" But I thought a lot of "why" in it. I wanna read book of original However. the movie was good, too! It,s fantasy world! I didnt forget real world And, my favorite character is little boy I forget his name I wanna watch again Back to top ShioringoJoined: 27 Oct 2004Posts: 10 Posted: Wed Dec 15, 2004 6:40 pm Post subject: Sorry,kazuko I reply too late Have you already seen this movie? What do you think? If I can use the magic, I wanna be like Harry Potter I like Harry! And,nobu3.11 That little boy's name is Marukomu He is very very cute The time of his disguising himself is very dear. 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New 2020 Volkswagen Tiguan SE in Crystal Lake, IL
- $30,100
- Anderson Price
- $25,564
Vehicle Details
|Stock #
|Exterior Color
|Pure White
|Interior Color
|Titan Black Leatherette
|Gas Mileage
|City:20 Hwy:27
|Intercooled Turbo Regular Unleaded I-4 2.0 L/121
Currently Viewing
New 2020 Volkswagen Tiguan SE
- $30,100
- Anderson Price
- $25,564
815-455-9600 - - Buy or lease from the comfort of your home with Fast Lane! From start to finish – you can build your deal online. Remote test-drives and delivery available. A truly contact-free process! View pricing and payment options, research and choose protection products, arrange financing, get your trade value and even upload needed documents! Give us a call with questions. We're here to make auto easy for you! Volkswagen of Crystal Lake is located at 5213 Northwest Hwy, Crystal Lake IL 60014 All prices plus tax, plate, title and $300.00 doc fee. Sale pricing valid through 9/08/20.
Additional Vehicle Information
- Features
- Specs
- Warranty
- Safety
- Technology
- Mechanical
- Exterior
- Interior
- Comfort
|Rearview monitor
|in dash
|Cross traffic alert
|Autonomous braking
|Pre-collision warning system
|audible warning, visual warning
|Automatic emergency braking
|rear, front
|Impact sensor
|post-collision safety system, door unlock, fuel cut-off
|Child safety door locks
|Child seat anchors
|LATCH system
|Energy absorbing steering column
|Safety brake pedal system
|Body side reinforcements
|side impact door beams
|Steel body panels
|Camera system
|Impact absorbing bumpers
|Automatic hazard warning lights
|Blind spot safety
|Crumple zones
|front, rear
|Airbag deactivation
|occupant sensing passenger
|Side airbags
|Front airbags
|Side curtain airbags
|front, rear
|Side-curtain airbag rollover sensor
|Power door locks
|anti-lockout, auto-locking
|Anti-theft system
|engine immobilizer, alarm with remote
|2-stage unlocking doors
|Side mirrors
|integrated turn signals, heated
|Side mirror adjustments
|power, manual folding
Audio System
|voice operated, touch screen display, AM/FM, HD radio
|Auxiliary audio input
|Bluetooth, USB, iPod/iPhone
|Antenna type
|diversity, mast
|In-Dash CD
|single disc, MP3 Playback
|Total speakers
|Radio data system
|Speed sensitive volume control
|Satellite radio
|Smart device app function
|vehicle location, maintenance status, lock operation, horn/light operation
|Wireless data link
In Car Entertainment
|Connected in-car apps
|app marketplace integration
|Apple CarPlay ready, Android Auto ready
|Infotainment screen size
|8 in.
|Trip computer
|Digital odometer
|External temperature display
|Warnings and reminders
|lamp failure, low fuel, engine oil, coolant, maintenance due, tire fill alert
|Multi-function display
|Fuel economy display
|MPG, range
|Trip odometer
|Drive mode selector
|4WD type
|on demand
|Center differential
|Axle ratio
|Auto start/stop
Stability and Traction
|Hill descent control
|Stability control
|Traction control
|Hill holder control
|Roll stability control
|Trailer stability control
|Rear brake type
|Front brake width
|Brake drying
|Rear brake diameter
|Rear brake width
|Front brake diameter
|Front brake type
|ventilated disc
|Regenerative braking system
|Braking assist
|Electronic brakeforce distribution
|Power brakes
|Electronic parking brake
|Front suspension classification
|Rear suspension classification
|Front struts
|Rear suspension type
|Rear spring type
|Front stabilizer bar
|Rear stabilizer bar
|Front spring type
|Front suspension type
|lower control arms
|Rear shock type
|Front shock type
Towing and Hauling
|Trailer hitch
|Daytime running lights
|Exterior entry lights
|security approach lamps
|auto delay off, auto on/off, halogen
Tires and Rims
|Spare tire size
|Tire type
|all season
|Spare tire mount location
|Spare wheel type
|Tire Pressure Monitoring System
|Liftgate window
|Rear door type
|Window defogger
|Front wipers
|variable intermittent
|Power windows
|safety reverse
|Rear privacy glass
|Heated windshield washer jets
|Rear wiper
|variable intermittent, with washer
Exterior Features
|Front bumper color
|Mirror color
|Door handle color
|Rear spoiler
|Rear spoiler color
|Grille color
|Exhaust tip color
|Rear bumper color
|dual tip
|Window trim
|Rocker panel color
|Roof rails
|Roof rails color
|Turns lock-to-lock
|Steering ratio
|Driver seat power adjustments
|height, 10, lumbar, reclining
|Passenger seat manual adjustments
|height, 6, reclining
|Passenger seat
|Driver seat
|Rear headrests
|3, adjustable
|Rear seat folding
|split, flat
|Front headrests
|2, adjustable
|Front seat type
|Rear seat type
|40-20-40 split bench
|Rear seat manual adjustments
|Upholstery accents
|Rear seat
|Seatbelt pretensioners
|front, rear
|Seatbelt force limiters
|Emergency locking retractors
|rear, front
|Seatbelt warning sensor
|Rear seatbelts
|Front seatbelts
Comfort Features
|Steering wheel trim
|Floor mat material
|Shift knob trim
|Interior accents
|rear folding, rear center with cupholders
|Floor mats
|rear, front
|Floor material
|carpet, cargo area carpet
Convenience Features
|Wireless charging station
|front, rear
|Steering wheel
|tilt and telescopic
|Power outlet(s)
|12V cargo area, 12V front and rear
|One-touch windows
|Reading lights
|front, rear
|Power steering
|Easy entry
|manual rear seat
|Cargo area light
|Cruise control
|Retained accessory power
|Multi-function remote
|panic alarm, proximity entry system, trunk release
|Power windows
|lockout button
|Overhead console
|Steering wheel mounted controls
|audio, cruise control, phone, multi-function, voice control
|Rearview mirror
|manual day/night
|Push-button start
|Vanity mirrors
|dual illuminating
|Assist handle
|rear, front
|Center console
|front console with armrest and storage
|front seatback, cargo tie-down anchors and hooks, door pockets
Air Conditioning
|Front air conditioning
|automatic climate control
|Front air conditioning zones
|Rear vents
|second row
|Air filtration
Drive Type
|Drive Type
|Standard Seating
|Max Seating
|Head Room (front)
|39.6 in
|Head Room (rear)
|38.9 in
|Shoulder Room (front)
|57 in
|Shoulder Room (rear)
|55.8 in
|Leg Room (front)
|40.2 in
|Leg Room (rear)
|38.7 in
|Seating Rows
Measurements of Size & Shape
|185.1 in
|72.4 in
|Width (without mirrors)
|72.4 in
|66.3 in
|109.8 in
|Ground Clearance
|7.9 in
|Angle of Approach
|26.2 degrees
|Angle of Departure
|23.3 degrees
|Track Width (front)
|62.2 in
|Track Width (rear)
|61.8 in
|Break-over Angle
|19.0 degrees
Measurements of Weight
|Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
|5093 lbs
|Gross Vehicle Weight Range
|5001-6000 lbs
|Curb Weight
|3847 lbs
|Max Towing Capacity
|1500 lbs
Truck Specifications
|Max Payload
|926 lbs
Interior Dimensions
|Cargo Volume
|37.6 cu ft
|Interior Volume
|138.7 cu ft
|Passenger Volume
|101.1 cu ft
|Cargo Volume (rear seats down)
|73.5 cu ft
Performance Specifications
|Aerodynamic Drag
|0.35 Cd
|Turning Circle
|37.7 ft
Fuel Tanks
|Fuel Capacity
|15.9 Gallons
Wheels and Tires
|Front Tire Type
|Front Wheel Diameter
|17.0 x 7.0 in
|Rear Tire Type
|Rear Wheel Diameter
|17.0 x 7.0 in
Crash-Test Ratings
2020 Volkswagen Tiguan SUV AWD
|Front Crash Overall
|Front Crash Driver
|Front Crash Passenger
|Side Crash Overall
|Side Barrier Overall
|Side Barrier Driver
|Side Barrier Passenger
|Side Pole Driver
|Side Combined Front
|Side Combined Rear
Green Score
EPA Green Score
( California LEV-III SULEV30
EPA and California-required standards. The names refer to tables of numerical limits for the various air pollutants allowed by the standards.
|Fuel Type
Air Pollution Score ?
The Air Pollution Score is based on the government emission standards for which the vehicle was certified to comply with and reflects vehicle tailpipe emissions that contribute to local and regional air pollution, creating problems such as haze, and health issues.
Greenhouse Gas Score ?
This score reflects fuel emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases.
Smartway ?
SmartWay is a designation earned by those vehicles that have combined Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Scores that place them in the top tier (approximately the top 20%) of environmental performers. SmartWay Elite is reserved for the best of the best.
EPA Green Score
( Federal Tier 3 Bin 30
EPA and California-required standards. The names refer to tables of numerical limits for the various air pollutants allowed by the standards.
|Fuel Type
Air Pollution Score ?
The Air Pollution Score is based on the government emission standards for which the vehicle was certified to comply with and reflects vehicle tailpipe emissions that contribute to local and regional air pollution, creating problems such as haze, and health issues.
Greenhouse Gas Score ?
This score reflects fuel emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases.
Smartway ?
SmartWay is a designation earned by those vehicles that have combined Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Scores that place them in the top tier (approximately the top 20%) of environmental performers. SmartWay Elite is reserved for the best of the best.
Available Incentives
Special APR*On Approved Credit
Dealer's Choice APR*On Approved Credit
* While we check with car manufacturers and other sources to confirm the accuracy and completeness of the data contained in this chart, we make no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the data in this report. Although we make every attempt to keep this chart up to date, all incentive information is subject to change without notice.
Special Offers
$1000 - VW Driver Access Program Calculate
* While we check with car manufacturers and other sources to confirm the accuracy and completeness of the data contained in this chart, we make no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the data in this report. Although we make every attempt to keep this chart up to date, all incentive information is subject to change without notice.
Other Vehicles Customers Viewed
" Always very helpful, parts department is awesome, Mike and Kyle are very helpful. "
" Really like this dealership. Made car buying enjoyable and easy. "
"Wonderful experience! I can't say enough about Michelle..."
" Wonderful experience! I can't say enough about Michelle and Dan they were so helpful and really listened to my needs and wants. I will definitely recommend to others and definitely be returning in the future. Car buying really can be easy if you have the right people. "
"Car buying experience was great!"
" Ethan was knowledgeable, knew most of the answers to questions and got me the answers he did not know. Very helpful, not pushy, he loves cars and wants customers to get the car that suits them with no pressure. Issues arose with scratch in the paint, they caught it, not me, had the back repainted. I am very happy with the dealership and Ethan. They are an hour from my home but worth the drive. Dan was also great to work with. I will recommend this dealer to friends! "
"Jordan is the go to Sales Person! He made purchase so..."
" Jordan is the go to Sales Person! He made purchase so easy. Helping every step w no stress/anxiety. Professional, respectful, knowledgeable, throughout whole process. "
"James gave me an incredible customer service experience..."
" James gave me an incredible customer service experience in buying my first car! He was very knowledgeable and helped me with any questions and concerns I had! "
"Julian and Jim helped me out, I love my new Mazda and am..."
" Julian and Jim helped me out, I love my new Mazda and am incredibly thankful the sales team was as welcoming as they were informative. If you're looking to upgrade your car I would highly recommend working with the sales department at Anderson. "
" Great BMW service. "
"I am a repeat customer who is disappointed with CL Mazda...."
" I am a repeat customer who is disappointed with CL Mazda. Problem getting feedback on CX-5 lease package and pricing from 1st sales person. Original quote was for 2019 and we wanted 2020. He was going on vacation so he referred me to another sales person who was not well organized and had problems with current incentive programs and availability. Had to go back 3 times to finally pickup SUV. Very disappointed and will not refer other friends to this dealer. Happy with our second CX-5 but dealer needs improvement. "
"Please go see Michelle Canova! She is the best! She is so..."
" Please go see Michelle Canova! She is the best! She is so accommodating, knowledgeable, and honest with you! She will take great care of you! She is so hard working and deserves your business! I am so happy I worked with her! And I love the car I picked! "
" Julian helped me out, gave me time to test the car, very attentive and quick to get answers for us. If you need help, look for Julian, he'll set you up with the car you want. Very satisfied with my purchase. (Also everyone else is very kind, never had good service at other dealers so this was a great change in pace for myself and my family) "
"Everything went smoothly and perfect. They were able to..."
" Everything went smoothly and perfect. They were able to bring the vehicle to us during covid, which made the process so much easier. Highly recommend! "
"I dealt with salesman James O. He was very knowledgeable..."
" I dealt with salesman James O. He was very knowledgeable about the vehicles I test drove. I decided on the Mazda CX30 and couldn't be happier. I highly recommend Anderson Mazda of Crystal Lake for your next vehicle. "
"This is my second time purchasing from Mazda Crystal..."
" This is my second time purchasing from Mazda Crystal Lake. Always have a great experience, and happy with the services they gave at this dealership. Everyone is friendly and helpful. No pressure and they are willing to work with me on the price. I love my experience with both of my Mazda CX5. I recommend this dealership and Jordan as a sale person. He is knowledgable about the car and always willing to help. "
" Excellent service even during covid! Made the buying process seamless "
"Purchased my 3rd Mazda Saturday. The cars practically..."
" Purchased my 3rd Mazda Saturday. The cars practically sell themselves but was happy to have Ethan V. @ Anderson's motors to show me all features "
"Recently bought a Mazda from Anderson Mazda dealer in..."
" Recently bought a Mazda from Anderson Mazda dealer in Crystal Lake, I'll. It was a pleasure working with Ethan and Dan. Everything went smoothly and I got the best deal for both my trade in as well my new car. The guys are the best making the buying experience as it should be, no pressure. Thank you. I would recommend the team at Anderson Mazda in Crystal Lake to anyone. "
"My son went to Anderson to buy his first car. The whole..."
" My son went to Anderson to buy his first car. The whole experience was top notch from everyone! Fair prices, no pressure, good follow-up. Highly recommend this dealer. "
"This was the first time I was at this dealership . I felt..."
" This was the first time I was at this dealership . I felt like I was treated fairly and honestly. The salesman didn't try to push the more expensive car on me. "
" Parts department is the best. "
"Great service, no hassle whatsoever."
" Salesperson, managers were all great and easy to work with. No hype, no pressure, just focused on the customer's needs. i would definitely go back there for another vehicle. "
"Great customer service during this COVID-19 situation...."
" Great customer service during this COVID-19 situation. Fair pricing and trade in value. Ethan Vange was wonderful to deal with. Finance Department worked with us to make the car buying experience effortless. "
"Michelle was the best ! Worked with us through several..."
" Michelle was the best ! Worked with us through several last minute choices and changes to our original ideas to help get us a car that we would be very happy with. Realizing also that the normal business routines were more difficult with all the pandemic protocols ! Thank you "
" BMW of Crystal Lake is definitely 5 star dealership! I had a wonderful experience purchasing my new x7 at Anderson Motor Company. Heather Lublink was extremely helpful without being pushy at all. She is very professional, polite, and knows her products well! I have already recommended this dealership to a friend in the market for a new BMW, and I certainly will go back myself in the future. "
" Best BMW place in Illinois. Their labor rate is lower than most dealers and don't try to rip you off with things you don't need. "
"Ethan sets the bar for a positive dealership experience"
" Typically, I buy and sell my vehicles through private parties, but I was tempted to come and look at some of the used car selections at Anderson Crystal Lake. I normally cringe at what I think is the typical car dealership experience (which was reinforced at another dealership later in the day), but was pleasantly surprised at the helpfulness displayed by Ethan Vange. Ethan expertly guided us through the car-buying process. While test driving the vehicles, he explained most of the bells and whistles, yet wasn't shy to admit ignorance if he didn't know something. He quickly researched or made note to get me accurate information back at the dealership. I was also impressed at his ability to simplify and clarify the finance portion of the conversation. While we did not end up purchasing that day, Ethan offered to keep a watchful eye out for the particular make and model for which I've been searching. I've been encouraged to not give up on the idea of buying from a dealership thanks to the honesty, helpfulness, and professionalism exhibited by Ethan. "
"Overall I can say it was a great experience, different..."
" Overall I can say it was a great experience, different than a typical car buying experience. Sales was not pushy and we were able to get to a deal in timely manner within two times back and forth pricing. Ethan was awesome from Sales and his manager Nicholas who finalized deal was good too. Leah from online team was great in communicating all along. Rich from finance was good in getting papers done efficiently. However being small dealership with one finance guy, we had to wait a lot for our turn. One minor gripe - I requested to get tires exchanged from my trade-in to the Cx-9 I bought after our initial deal and before official paper signups but was told that can not be done. In my opinion that could have been easily accommodated for an overall fine experience. It dampened little bit. "
"Great service, nice people."
" Jim Orton did a great job finding the exact car we wanted and the sales experience was complete and efficient. It was my second purchase from this dealer. "
"Unbelievable team and extremely helpful especially Ethan..."
" Unbelievable team and extremely helpful especially Ethan Vange. They provided assistance for me the other day immediately although many people were present. Since I wasn't certain what I was looking for they went up and beyond by providing a variety of options. Providing this type of service worked in their favor since I ended up buying 2 vehicles. You can tell it starts from the top and that you can count on the entire Anderson Team to be extremely professional if it's trading in, purchasing, financing, and service. To date I have bought 6 vehicles and will definitely be back for my 7th in the near future. Thanks Again "
"Quick and Easy Purchase"
" This was my first experience with Mazda, and it was a great one. The sales staff were friendly and didn't make me wait around. Jordan answered all my questions and was extremely patient and never pushy. I went into the dealership thinking I would just take a look at a CX-5 even though I knew very little about it, and two days later, I had a new car. The experience was easy and painless thanks to the great staff at Anderson. "
" Great place for your car repairs! I like their honesty, integrity, excellent customer service, quality work, and putting the customer first! "
"This was my 1st time I ever considered purchasing a..."
" This was my 1st time I ever considered purchasing a Mazda. Everyone we dealt with was a pleasure to work with. The waiting areas and bathrooms were kept very clean "
" Called to get my car in service and withing minutes, The service department called me back and put me on the schedule . I strongly recommend ! Thanks Dan and all the service department ! "
"My daughter and I needed to replace our old cars. A big..."
" My daughter and I needed to replace our old cars. A big decision for both of us. After going to many different dealers and looking for over 6 months we chose Mazda of Crystal Lake! Jordan was knowledgeable and was able to help us finally make our decision for the CX5. Rich helped us move through the financial paperwork easily. We are both very happy with our new cars! Recommend highly. "
"First Service Visit for 2019 X3"
" John was helpful and informative. Easy to set up appointment and was in and out in no time. Waited while car was serviced. Chatted with my new friends at Crystal Lake BMW. I have worked with John on other occasions when I have had questions about my car or when I brought it in for a car wash. Thank you John. "
"Michelle Canova was amazing to work with. We have twin..."
" Michelle Canova was amazing to work with. We have twin fifteen year old boys who were excited to purchase their first car. We told Michelle what we were looking for. She found a car that checked all boxes!!! (Price/safety/color/stereo/leather/size). We truly thought we would have to give up on some of the features. She nailed it selling us a Mazda 2016 CX5. Her sales style is so genuine. She made the day really special for the kids, treating them like adult car buyers. Can't wait to work with her again when we're ready for our next car purchase. LOVED HER!!!!! "
"Incredible experience"
" We were referred to Michelle from a work colleague and are we thankful for that! Michelle totally made us feel part of the Anderson BMW family and laid the foundation for a long-term relationship. There was no high pressure sales push, she listened to what we wanted and showed us multiple options in the comfort of the heated building. We were able to come to our own decision to buy, and be comfortable with that decision. Heather made the deal fit within our budget and was very fun to deal with, yes, I said fun buying a car! Rich made the paperwork quick and painless. The best car buying experience ever! And we LOVE the X1!! "
"After searching for about 8 months to find the perfect..."
" After searching for about 8 months to find the perfect car for me, Mazda was the best choice. Jordan was very helpful and knowledgeable about the CX-5. Everyone was friendly and welcoming! "
"Heather, Taylor, Bob, and Rich were very helpful with the..."
" Heather, Taylor, Bob, and Rich were very helpful with the deal on a X3. I recommend going to Crystal Lake BMW. They are no pressure sales and will are very informative and helpful. "
" Took care of business ,.. all -good "
" Great Experience during Lease process!! Heather (Sales Manager) was very professional and helpful during process. No hassle buying pressure, Returns calls promptly, Straight forward numbers, no hidden fee. "
" Best customer service .Big thanks to Rob and Michelle for making sure I was taken care of . "
Dealership Information
Contact Dealer
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Ultra Construction is the redefinition of what it takes to build a snowboard.We've tested every inch of the board to precisely position materials exactly where they are needed while eliminating all excess materials. Combining these innovative construction techniques with superlight wood cores and carbon fiber deliver revolutionary results. Jones Ultra boards are the lightest, yet most durable snowboards on earth.


text:
PHOENIX, March 2 (UPI) -- Goran Dragic scored 19 points before leaving with a back injury in the third period Friday and Phoenix held on down the stretch to defeat Atlanta 92-87.
It was the Suns' third straight victory while the Hawks had a four-game winning streak snapped.
Phoenix came up with 58 points from its bench, which was called on for extra help when Dragic exited the contest.
The Suns took a 10-point lead when Jermaine O'Neal hit a jumper with 2:21 to play and although Phoenix did not score another point it created two turnovers the rest of the way and limited Atlanta to two shots from the field.
Marcus Morris hit four 3-pointers and scored 16 points for the Suns. O'Neal chipped in 12 and Markieff Morris had 11.
Atlanta had been seeking its sixth straight road win. Al Horford led the Hawks with 20 points.


text:
Place of Origin : China
Brand Name : CN BEST
Certification : CE
Model Number : QC12Y/QC12K/QC11Y/QC11K
MOQ : 1 set
Price : usd4462-usd23077
Packaging Details : standard export package
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text:
Trying to get details on Oprah's final week of shows?
Good luck. Not even Oprah Winfrey knows which stars will grace her couch during two of the last episodes.
"Oprah Show" execs booked Chicago's United Center for May 17 to tape a -- brace yourself -- free show titled "Surprise Oprah! A Farewell Spectacular." The event will air as two, pre-finale shows scheduled to air May 23 and 24.
The taping is expected to include "some of the biggest names in movies, music and television in a one-time-only gathering to celebrate the 25-year legacy [of the show]," Harpo execs said Thursday.
There's one catch: Winfrey won't know who's stopping by. Producers are keeping the guest lineup a secret from her, and the list won't be announced or confirmed in advance, execs said in a news release.
Ticketing information is available on Oprah.com starting at 10 a.m. Thursday. Tickets are free and only available online.
"As most of our viewers know, being surprised is not one of Oprah's favorite things," said executive producer Sheri Salata. "In the spirit of our farewell season, she is making a rare exception and we intend to make the most of that opportunity. It will be something to see!"
There's still no word on what's planned for the big finale May 25.


text:
'build quality is great: the phone is put together solidly, with no loose parts, and everything is perfectly well aligned (the camera is completely flush with the back).'
'The m2 note gives a decent performance and will certainly be competing with the Yu Yureka Plus and the Xiaomi Redmi Note 4G in the Rs 9,999 price bracket. '
'Good interface.'
'The Meizu m2 note passed our loudspeaker test with barely an Average mark, but the speaker quality is very poor and while playing music, the m2 note subjectively sounds really quiet. '
'Photos lack detail.'
'Surprisingly for a Rs. 5,000 phone, the Canvas Spark 3 looks and feels pretty good.'
'Despite this, the Moto E remains an impressive phone that puts rival low-cost smartphones well and truly in the shade. '
'Basically, Motorola still hasn't figured out how to make good cameras for low-end smartphones. '
'Like its predecessor, camera quality disappoints.'
'The surface is very reflective though and the pixel density isn't helping for sharp images.'
'It looks great, has class-leading battery life and we love its light, bloatware-free approach to Android.'
'And with the new Moto E, Motorola has crafted one of the most compelling budget smartphones yet. '
'The new Motorola Moto E is proof that a cheap phone can be good, too; you're getting reasonable performance, a sharp display and LTE connectivity for $150, unlocked.'
'competent, affordable smartphone'
'the battery is weaker and the camera struggles more.'
'Low light photographs are quite bad.'
A great value for money 4G smartphone, that gets the job done.
'Bulky and heavy.'
Priced to Kill
The cheapest 4G smartphone in Australia reviewed
Underpowered and Overshadowed
ReviewGist helps you find the best products to buy by making sense of online reviews. We are currently aggregating 376,500 reviews covering over 29,474 products.


text:
October 28, 2009 The Library of Congress Ft. Meade Storage Facility Wins National Construction Management Award
Press Contact: Donna Urschel (202) 707-1639; Eva Malecki (202) 228-1793
The team that managed construction of Modules 3 and 4 and four Cold Storage Rooms at the Library of Congress Ft. Meade High-Density Storage Facility were honored with a national award yesterday in Orlando, Fla., from the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA).
The 2009 CMAA Project Achievement Award, in the category of new construction for a project under $50 million, was given to the Ft. Meade team, including representatives from the Library of Congress; Architect of the Capitol (AOC); the Baltimore District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; John C. Grimberg Co., the contractor; and Einhorn, Yaffee and Prescott, the design firm.
The new storage units will house 33 million items from the Library's special-format collections, including 10 million manuscripts; 2.3 million prints, drawings, photographs and posters; 2.1 million music sheets; 542,000 maps and 1.8 million items from the collections of the American Folklife Center. The new sections were completed on schedule in June 2009—taking 28 months to build—and were within budget. Congress appropriated $40.7 million for the project.
"This award is the result of hard work, determination and good old-fashioned communications within the Library of Congress; between the Library and the Architect of the Capitol; and the AOC and the Library jointly communicating through the Army Corps of Engineers to the design and construction firms and subcontractors. This was a big job, and the team made it look easy," said Neal Graham, chief of the Library's Facility Services.
"It's a great honor to have this recognition bestowed on this joint project by the professional members of the CMAA," said Acting Architect of the Capitol Stephen T. Ayers. "It is an excellent example of our focus on using the industry's best practices for design and construction management. It also recognizes the great partnership we have with the Library of Congress. We have successfully worked together to meet the Library's current needs and made plans to meet its future requirements."
As noted in the project's award application, "The builders of the project, in addition to simply constructing a building, were constructing the facility to be a highly complex and functional machine … An integral part of the development of this large and complex facility was the construction of multiple mechanical systems to maintain strictly-controlled atmospheric conditions—uniform throughout the entire airspace of each module—as well as the integration of extensive shelving systems and a highly advanced fire-protection system. The new facility also features multiple office and administrative areas, as well as processing areas, a library materials quarantine room, loading docks, a central corridor and mechanical spaces."
The Library of Congress, the Architect of the Capitol and the Baltimore Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers were responsible for the oversight of the construction of the highly complex project, which was carried out by contractor John C. Grimberg Co.
The Modules 3 and 4 and the cold storage rooms were designed and constructed to last roughly 200 years, in order to carry out the Library's main goal of providing for the long life of its collections.


text:
Oct 2013
Fadil Berisha Fashion Photos are Released
During the Registration and Fitting process at the Crocus Expo Center for the 2013 MISS UNIVERSE® Competition in Moscow, Russia, Fashion Photographer Fadil Berisha shot all 86 contestants. The theme of this year's photography centered around the new line of YAMAMAY FOR MISS UNIVERSE swimwear and faux fur. Yamamay and the Miss Universe Organization recently announced an exclusive partnership in which a Miss Universe swimwear collection will be created and distributed by the Italian swimwear and lingerie maker. The new swimwear collection will be available in all Yamamay stores both in Italy and abroad as well as online. Additionally, the future Miss Universe 2013 will star in the advertising campaign to promote the "Yamamay for Miss Universe" 2014 Summer Collection, a reflection of the glamour and style associated with the two brands.
Click here to view the photos!
Other News
- The 2013 MISS UNIVERSE Fan Vote Official Launches
- 2013 MISS UNIVERSE® Preliminary Judges are Announced!
- Judges and Special Performance Announced for 2013 MISS UNIVERSE® Competition
- You Be the Judge Application is Announced
- 2013 MISS UNIVERSE Competition Sponsor Release
- Miss the 2013 MISS UNIVERSE Prelim Competition? Watch it here!


text:
Incan civilization was a technological marvel. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived in 1532, they found an empire that spanned nearly 3,000 miles, from present-day Ecuador to Chile, all served by a high-altitude road system that included 200-foot suspension bridges built of woven reeds. It was the Inca who constructed Machu Picchu, a cloud city terraced into a precarious stretch of earth hanging between two Andean peaks. They even put together a kind of Bronze Age Internet, a system of messenger posts along the major roads. In one day, Incan runners amped on coca leaves could relay news some 150 miles down the network.
This article has been reproduced in a new format and may be missing content or contain faulty links. Contact firstname.lastname@example.com to report an issue.
Yet, if centuries of scholarship are to be believed, the Inca, whose rule began 2,000 years after Homer, never figured out how to write. It's an enigma known as the Inca paradox, and for nearly 500 years it has stood as one of the great historical puzzles of the Americas. But now a Harvard anthropologist named Gary Urton may be close to untangling the mystery.
His quest revolves around strange, once-colorful bundles of knotted strings called khipu (pronounced KEY-poo). The Spanish invaders noticed the khipu soon after arriving but never understood their significance – or how they worked.
Once, at the beginning of the 17th century, a group of Spaniards traveling in the central Peruvian highlands east of modern-day Lima encountered an old Indian carrying khipu that he insisted held a record of "all [the Spanish] had done, both the good and the bad." Angered, the Spanish burned the man's khipu, as they did countless others over the years.
Some of the knots did survive, though, and for centuries people wondered if the old man had been speaking the truth. Then, in 1923, an anthropologist named Leland Locke provided an answer: The khipu were files. Each knot represented a different number, arranged in a decimal system, and each bundle likely held census data or summarized the contents of storehouses. Roughly a third of the existing khipu don't follow the rules Locke identified, but he speculated that these "anomalous" khipu served some ceremonial or other function. The mystery was considered more or less solved.
Then, in the early 1990s, Urton, one of the world's leading Inca scholars, spotted several details that convinced him the khipu contained much more than tallies of llama sales. For example, some knots are tied right over left, others left over right. Urton came to think that this information must signal something. Could the knotted strings also be a form of writing? In 2003, Urton wrote a book outlining his theory, and in 2005 he published a paper in Science that showed how even khipu that follow Locke's rules could include place-names as well as numbers.
Urton knew that these findings were a tiny part of cracking the code and that he needed the help of people with different skills. So, early last year, he and a graduate student, Carrie Brezine, unveiled a computerized khipu database – a vast electronic repository that describes every knot on some 300 khipu in intricate detail. Then Urton and Brezine brought in outside researchers who knew little about anthropology but a lot about mathematics. Led by Belgian cryptographer Jean-Jacques Quisquater, they are now trying to shake meaning from the knots with a variety of pattern-finding algorithms, one based on a tool used to analyze long strings of DNA, the other similar to Google's PageRank algorithm. They've already identified thousands of repeated knot sequences that suggest words or phrases.
Now the team is closing in on what might be a writing system so unusual that it remained hidden for centuries in plain sight. If successful, the effort will rank with the deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphics and will let Urton's team rewrite history. But how do you decipher something when it looks completely unlike any known written language – when you're not even sure it has meaning at all?
URTON WORKS A FEW MINUTES' WALK from Harvard Yard, in a redbrick building with dark wooden doors and copper gutters that also serves as the university's Museum of Natural History. But his fifth-floor office is more Lima than Cambridge. Behind his modest desk hangs a Peruvian pan flute. Spanish-language posters adorn the walls. The space is awash in earthy browns – straw-colored carpet, a darker shade for the faux-clay clock face – offset by colorful weavings hung from every wall. Each object is a memento from his many trips to South America to track down khipu.
Today at least 750 khipu survive, scattered about in museums and private collections. Each one has a long primary cord, typically about a quarter-inch in diameter, from which hang smaller "pendant" cords – sometimes just a couple, sometimes many hundred. The pendant cords are tied in a series of neat, small knots. Originally dyed in rich colors, the average khipu has now faded so much it resembles a dirty brown mop head.
How could the Inca have used strings to write? In a sense, any written text is just a record of physical actions. You put a pen to paper and then choose from a prescribed set of options how to move and when to lift up. Each decision is preserved in ink. The same can be done with string. The writer makes a series of decisions, recorded as a knot that can then be read by anyone who knows the rules.
Back in the '20s, Locke began with the observation that the Inca tied their khipu with three types of knots. There is a "figure-eight" knot, which represents one of something. There are "long" knots, with two to nine turns, representing those numbers. And there are "single" knots, which represent tens, hundreds, thousands, or ten thousands, depending on where they fall on the string. When a khipu is placed flat on the ground, the bottom row is the ones place and successively higher rows stand for higher places. So, the number 327 would have three single knots in the hundreds place. A little lower would be two single knots. Lower still would be a long knot with seven turns.
Most anthropologists assumed that was all there was to it – until 1992. That's when Urton spent a day looking at khipu in the American Museum of Natural History in New York with his friend Bill Conklin, an architect and textile expert. As he studied the cords, Conklin had an isn't-that-funny insight: The knots that connect the small pendant strings to the primary cord are always tied the same way, but sometimes they face forward and sometimes backward. Startled, Urton soon noticed additional construction details – such as whether a fiber had been dyed to have a bluish or a reddish tint. All told, Urton has found seven additional bits of binary information that might signal something. Perhaps one means "read this as a word, not a number." Perhaps the binary code served as a kind of markup language, allowing the Inca to make notes on top of Locke's number-recording system. And perhaps the 200 or so anomalous khipu don't follow Locke's rules because they've transcended them.
Most Incan scholars are intrigued by Urton's ideas, though a few skeptics have noted that he has not produced any proof that his binary code carries meaning, much less that the khipu contain narratives. The Harvard professor concedes that some of the information he's looking at may not signal anything. But he is convinced the khipu have stories to tell, and he has some history on his side. José de Acosta, a Jesuit missionary sometimes called the Pliny of the New World, wrote a description of the khipu at the end of the 16th century. In it, he describes how the "woven reckonings" were used to record financial transactions involving hens, eggs, and hay. But he also noted that the native people considered the khipu to be "witnesses and authentic writing." "I saw a bundle of these strings," he wrote, "on which a woman had brought a written confession of her whole life and used it to confess just as I would have done with words written on paper."
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS, LINEAR B, ancient Mayan writing – all of the great decipherments have been accomplished by a combination of logic and intuition, persistence and flexibility. Decoding scripts is not like looking for a combination that will open a lock. It's more like rock climbing: You find a foothold, push up, and hope another presents itself.
Jean-Jacques Quisquater – a tall man with a thin crown of wispy white hair – would like to join the pantheon of puzzle solvers. Quisquater directs a large cryptography laboratory at Belgium's historic Catholic University of Louvain, where he is known for his work on securing smartcards. In the fall of 2003, he came to MIT for a yearlong academic sabbatical. At the time, he had been thinking nostalgically of a trip to Greece 40 years before when he saw the famous undeciphered Phaistos Disc, a small red-brown disc from deep in the second millennium BC covered on either side with a spiral of glyphs – a fish, a shield, an olive branch. Quisquater hoped to find something equally romantic and challenging to work on.
When he heard about the mystery of the khipu, he was immediately enthralled. He soon met Urton, and they teamed up with a father-son pair of MIT computer scientists, Martin and Erik Demaine. The group began chatting, with the mathematicians offering detailed plans about how to sort the data.
The team agreed that one of Quisquater's graduate students, Vincent Castus, would first try an analysis known as a suffix tree. The method uses a computer to identify all the blocks of characters in a text that repeat themselves. Thus, the word Mississippi would yield several repeated blocks, including issi, iss, and ss. Suffix trees are used in genetic analysis to find the shortest unique pattern in a sample of DNA.
With the khipu database loaded onto his iMac, Castus worked to build a suffix tree from the knots, leaving aside the more complicated binary data on this first pass. He began in May 2006. By October he had worked out all the details and found an astonishing number of repeats: 3,000 different groups of repeated five-knot sequences. Shorter patterns appeared even more often. He found several pairs of khipu linked by large numbers of matches, suggesting that they could be related.
None of this tells us whether the khipu contain words or stories. It's possible the researchers have found khipu that just happen to include repeated number sequences that are not interesting for any particular reason, or that some khipu are deliberate copies of others.
But Urton suspects there's more to it than that. He knows repetition is the code-breaker's great friend. A Cold War sleuth noticing an oft-used sequence might guess it stood for Moscow or Khrushchev. Recognizing repeated place-names was one of the first steps in deciphering the ancient Mycenaean script Linear B. Now the team has a key for all the khipu in the database, allowing them to instantly identify whenever a particular sequence appears. They also have a list of common short sequences – the most obvious candidates for words.
The team had previously made one breakthrough in identifying connections between knots, thanks to Brezine, who has a background in mathematics and just happens to be a weaver on the side. The master of the khipu database, she wanted to find examples of strings with numbers that added up to sums on another khipu. So she developed a simple algorithm and combed through the data.
Her efforts identified a handful of interlinked khipu that had been uncovered together in a cache in Puruchuco, an archaeological site near Lima. The khipu looked like records kept by three successively higher levels of Incan administrators. Add the numbers on one khipu and the sum is found on another, with that sum in turn found on a third. Imagine, for example, that they depict the results of a census. The village counts up its people and then forwards the total to the district. The district records the numbers from several villages and then forwards the results up to the provincial head. Urton and Brezine do not know what is being counted (people? llamas?), but their 2005 Science paper showed for the first time that information flowed between the khipu.
They have also identified what may be the first word. The two higher-level khipu in the census example use an introductory sequence of three figure-eight knots (1-1-1) that does not appear on what they assume is the village-level khipu. Perhaps only the upper layers have the sequence because it is a label for a particular place, used when compiling information from many locations. Maybe, they suggest, the first symbol to be read off a khipu means this: Puruchuco.
Quisquater's team, meanwhile, is now working on another, even more ambitious way of extracting clues. It depends on thinking of each knot as a node and each khipu as a network and the links being lengths of string.
One of the surprises from the burgeoning new field of network theory is that the role of a particular node can be summarized – in a deep and meaningful way – by a single number. A good example of this is Google's PageRank algorithm. The power of the company's search engine comes from its ability to rank Web pages by relevance. On the Web, a link runs from one page to another, like an arrow. The algorithm interprets that as the first page voting for the second one. Votes flow from across the Internet, like streams joining rivers, eventually pooling at the eBays of the world.
The analysis that the team plans for these khipu networks doesn't exactly mimic PageRank. After all, the string links between knots aren't unidirectional like arrows; one knot doesn't point to another. But the concept is the same: If you think about a big mass of information as a network, and analyze it as a network, looking for the thousands of small and big ways that different piles of information relate to one another, you can see things that you wouldn't notice otherwise.
Vincent Blondel, a Belgian mathematics professor who is a friend of Quisquater's, recently helped work out the math behind an approach that allows a computer to calculate degrees of similarity between nodes in two separate networks. Like PageRank, the procedure uses voting, but it assigns each node many scores instead of one and employs a more complex scheme for calculating the totals. Type "baseball" into Google and its spiders will race over the Internet, look at links, and spit back that yankees.com is the 11th most useful site for you and seattlemariners.com is the 22nd. If Quisquater's algorithm were used on the Web, it would return a slew of numbers, some of which would show similarities between different nodes – or knots. So you'd see that the Yankees and Mariners sites are similar because both receive feeds from majorleaguebaseball.com and have outgoing links to the homepages for 29 teams.
When Quisquater's algorithm is used on khipu, it will reveal knots or groups of knots that always play a certain role in relationship to others. These might be labels or formatting signs. For example, it may turn out that some of the khipu start with sets of knots that say something like "read this as a calendar." Or collections of khipu may have similar networks of closely related knots, perhaps signaling that they originate from the same geographic area. Or it could even turn out that the anomalous khipu will all have some pattern that signifies "read this as a story." The results from this technique should come in sometime later this year, and they will provide valuable clues, even if they don't immediately crack the Inca paradox.
URTON'S GREAT INSIGHT has been to treat the khipu not just as a textile or a simple abacus but as an advanced, alien technology. Sitting on a poncho draped over the couch in his office, Urton describes a formative trip to a remote Bolivian village where he worked with traditional weavers. Observing these women spin and ply yarn into multicolored tapestries with elaborate symmetries, he caught a glimpse of the Incan mind at work. For an expert weaver, fabric is a record of many choices, a dance of twists, turns, and pulls that leads to the final product. They would have seen a fabric – be it cloth or knotted strings – a bit like a chess master views a game in progress. Yes, they see a pattern of pieces on a board, but they also have a feel for the moves that led there.
"You can see inside of it," Urton says.
It would be all too easy to dismiss the khipu as the work of a less advanced civilization, one that didn't develop guns, iron, or wheels. But for more than a decade, Urton has assumed that the khipu are evidence of Incan sophistication in ways we have still not grasped.
Acosta, the 16th-century Jesuit missionary, believed this. He traveled throughout the Americas and recorded several observations of khipu in use. He described religious converts memorizing prayers using khipu-like devices made of small stones or kernels of corn. He also described people in a churchyard completing difficult calculations "without making the slightest error … Whoever wants may judge whether this is clever or if these people are brutish," he wrote, "but I judge it is certain that, in that which they here apply themselves, they get the better of us."


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Sister of missing woman suspected in robbery speaks
Jessica Benson missing since May
The family of a missing woman is fighting allegations she vanished to avoid arrest.
"I'm still worried I'm very concerned," said Judy Beyer.
Beyer's sister, Jessica Benson, hasn't been seen since the beginning of May, a couple days after a robbery at the Educators Credit Union where she worked. According to court documents, investigators think Benson and her boyfriend, Nathanial Robinson, were in on it.
"I don't believe she did anything, had anything to do with the bank getting robbed. I still firmly believe she was taken against her will. She had too much going on for her just to throw it all away," said Beyer.
Beyer said her sister was too responsible.
"This is not something she would go off and do. She worked at the bank for years. She was about to graduate from college. This isn't something that somebody would up and decide to do overnight," Beyer said.
Benson was days away from receiving her degree in chemistry from Mount Mary College. Beyer said her sister planned to continue with her education, but investigators think evidence shows she's linked to the robbery.
Documents show the note given to tellers had verbiage used internally in the bank, verbiage Benson used. Also, a friend told investigators Benson cut her long hair down to just a couple inches and dyed it. Neighbors Benson and Robinson moved furniture out of his apartment in the middle of the night following the robbery.
"If someone was to take off and leave, why would they leave some of the things that were left in her dorm room?" said Beyer. "There was birth certificate, there was money left there, there was a debit card left there, pictures from when she was a child, myself, my children."
Beyer said she misses her sister dearly and doesn't want anything to hamper the effort to find her.
"We just want her to come home," said Beyer.


text:
Is reading really a bad thing?
by, 04-24-2014 at 07:32 AM (53000 Views)
I was wondering, have we moved to a society that no longer values reading? So many I meet seem surprised that I read 15-20 books a year... Have we become so dependent on media stimulation that reading is becoming obsolete?
I pick up a book and one of things that thrill me about reading is that I get to use my imagination to conjure the idea the author is trying to present. I mean, in video or sound, the idea is conveyed in almost instant information. The brain reacts to the observed senses. But there is something far deeper in using one's imagination to explore an idea.
There is far more depth and richness available when one reads a story. The author can give minute detail that enhances the understanding of the story. Video seems to appeal to the senses... reading to the cerebral. Is it not better to exercise our brains and our imaginations? What will become of creativity if we only observe that which is shown and we do use our imaginations to expand beyond what can be seen?
I seem to remember that as a kid predictions were made that my generation, the first to grow up surrounded by television, would produce a generation of non-performing humans. Did that happen?
What about back in the stone ages when radio became a standard means of communication? In an article on the web posted on Virginia's EDU web site (http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug00/3on.../1920radio.htm), the author says, "the advance of radio technology also created a tension between modernity and the traditions and habits of Americans." Is my sense just another example of the clash between modernity and tradition?
I don't think it just a clash. Real change has occurred as I see many reject the idea that reading details is a good thing. The number of emails that we answer each day where no effort is made to read and comprehend what our tools can do for a user astounds me. Oh, we can argue that the Ross-Tech web site could be improved. But the fact is, many of the questions asked are answered on pages such as the FAQ - easy to find. Why don't people take the time to look?
A post made by Jack@European_Parts (http://forums.ross-tech.com/showthre...ull=1#post2293) shows a device advertisement where the manufacturer, Fluke, has just about eliminated all written content to talk about their tool. Being a reader, as I tried to find the specs for the device on this presentation, they were not really there. Each presentation uses a video to help the observer understand the product and how it might work. But the presentations left me wanting... I wanted to know more - I wanted to read about the device. There is something about reading the details that just helps my comprehension.
Time will tell. We can only know the results of the changes that are occurring when we look back from a point in the future. But given that so many reject reading, is it time for Ross-Tech and others to embrace the new methods of communicating? Indeed it is and we have started. Look to our Wiki for Videos that Jef has prepared.
For me, reading will remain a staple of my intellectual diet. I learn by reading. I believe that reading about other people and their stories helps me to understand humans. Reading informs when I am seeking information about technology. I am not a aural learner. I am somewhat of a visual learner. But reading provides the best comprehension for me. Don't tell me, give me the details in written form and then show me. I suppose others work differently.


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|[<< Previous] Chapter 1 [Next >>]
This work is copyright 2007 by Nathan D. Holmes
(email@example.com), but licensed under a
Creative Commons License. This allows and encourages others to copy, modify, use, and distribute my work for non-commercial purposes (only), without the hassle of asking me for explicit permission or fear of copyright violation.
I encourage others to consider CC or other Open Content-style licensing of their original works.
All photographs in this trip report were taken with a Canon EOS 20D using either a Canon 24-105mm F4 L IS/USM or a Canon 100-400mm f4.5-5.6L IS/USM.


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The Bears faced third-and-9 at their own 32 on their opening drive Sunday. Kyle Orton dropped back, set, then fired a 10-yard strike to tight end Desmond Clark, who was covered tightly by Packer linebacker A.J. Hawk.
The Bears faced third-and-9 at their own 32 on their opening drive Sunday. Kyle Orton dropped back, set, then fired a 10-yard strike to tight end Desmond Clark, who was covered tightly by Packer linebacker A.J. Hawk.
That was the fifth of what would be an 18-play drive that took the first 10:45 off the clock and resulted in a 3-0 lead.
It also might have been the biggest play of the day. Establishing some passing success early under awful windy winter conditions was crucial.
"I thought it was big for us to come out on the first drive and put points on the board and eat up the clock -- like 10 minutes; that was huge," Bears receiver Muhsin Muhammad said. "It set the tone."
Chicago converted its first four third-down plays -- twice with passes, twice with runs. There also was a 10-yard completion to set up a third-and-1 that was picked up. Chicago was able to hand off 13 times on the opening possession because it was able to make the key throws.
"When our running game is that good, we're a good football team out there," Muhammad said. "It helped our defense out. They were able to play with their ears pinned back and come up with turnovers, too."
Green Bay's only first-half first downs came on Ryan Grant runs of 24 and 66 yards.
Rivalry remains intense
Maybe the Bear-Packer rivalry isn't as strong as it once was, say back when Mike Ditka and Forrest Gregg were coaching. Still, there's no denying whichever set of fans has their team win the most recent game is going to feel good for the next week -- or longer.
Players, too. Chicago's 35-7 victory Sunday will help make for a more pleasant holiday season.
"I think we were motivated to go out and play the part of spoiler -- and the Grinch that stole Christmas and all that stuff," Bears wideout Muhsin Muhammad said.
Said fellow receiver Bernard Berrian: "It's still the same intensity. We prepare the same way. We know it's a rival team. We always try to go out and go undefeated against Green Bay each season."
Orton's bragging rights
Kyle Orton won't brag about beating Brett Favre head-to-head. When asked specifically what it meant to him, he answered it in such broad terms he had to be asked again.
"He's a great quarterback," Orton said upon further interrogation. "It will be something good to look back and say I've beaten him. It was just a great team performance."
One way to beat cold
Kyle Orton figures he had an advantage on keeping warm during Sunday's 18-below wind chill conditions.
"It was cold," he said, "but I have a beard, so that helps out a little bit. (I'm) kind of warm in this area."
Helping Lovie out
Let's save Bears head coach Lovie Smith from having to say "We'll play the players who will give us the best chance to win" one more time.
The media won't have to even ask this week who will start at quarterback in Sunday's season finale against New Orleans.
Kyle Orton certainly deserves one more shot after the way he managed the win over Green Bay without any turnovers by the offense.
Don't send hate mail
Bears corner Charles Tillman prefaced a comment by saying, "I don't want to get crucified for this."
So, what'd he say?
"Good luck to Minnesota and Green Bay in the playoffs. If we don't do it, why not someone in our conference? Everyone talks about the NFC North as a weak division. Why not make a run and make things look a little stronger?"
Staff member Matt Trowbridge contributed to this report. Reed Schreck's NFL Quick Shots appear Tuesdays and Fridays. Contact him at 815-987-1381 or email@example.com.


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Partisan blame continues as both sides appear resigned to missing deadline.
President Obama has invited House and Senate leaders from both parties to the White House to discuss the looming across-the-board budget cuts on Friday, hours after the statutory deadline will have passed for heading off sequestration.
According to the Associated Press, the meeting is an attempt to "jump-start" the stalemated budget talks, even though by law, the president and the Office of Management and Budget are required to issue sequestration instructions to Congress and agencies as of midnight on Thursday, March 1. Many agencies have said they will need to furlough employees if the cuts take effect.
The Senate is expected to take up new alternative deficit reduction proposals on Thursday, including plans to give the president greater flexibility to design the budget cuts. But time is running out for the House to follow suit and some Democrats are opposed to increase flexibility for fear it could pin the blame for sequestration on the White House.
A spokesman for House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, told reporters on Wednesday that "at this point, the Obama administration isn't even pretending to try to stop the sequester," noting that the Friday event would be the first such face-to-face encounter in months.
On the Senate floor Wednesday, Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., blasted the Democrats' "gimmicky tax hike" as designed to fail. "For months now, I've been coming to the floor to urge my colleagues on the other side to help us replace the president's sequester proposal," he said. "Yet here we are, with just two days to go until the cuts hit, and the Democrats who control Washington still haven't put forward a serious bipartisan plan; not the president and not his allies in Congress. They've preferred to keep it alive as a political issue instead."
Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., the previous day told the Senate that "Democrats are working hard to avert the worst of these arbitrary cuts -- cuts for which an overwhelming majority of Republicans in Congress voted. We have a balanced proposal to replace those across-the-board cuts for this year with smart spending reductions, measures that close corporate tax loopholes and end wasteful subsidies and revenue from the very wealthiest among us -- Americans making millions of dollars each year."
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said, "We look forward to meeting with President Obama to develop a balanced, bipartisan solution to avoid the unemployment and economic uncertainty caused by the indiscriminate cuts set to take effect. In the meantime, House Democrats will continue to seek a vote on our proposal to avert this crisis with a fair solution, similar to the Senate Democratic proposal, that cuts spending responsibly, increases revenue, and creates growth with jobs."
NEXT STORY: Play of the Day: Think Locally, Bomb Globally


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Lily's Birthday Week
Yep, WEEK. She's been getting a bone every night to celebrate.
Tomorrow I'm getting her face tattooed on my wrist, Saturday is her birthday BBQ, and Sunday she's going to the dog beach for the first time.
I went to buy her a life vest/jacket today and walked out with an orange one…I was hoping to find a hot pink one but I guess I have to sacrifice style this ONE time.
Speaking of style, her matching leash from greenbelts came!!!
I'm going to spend the rest of today looking for my felt stash, I have to make Lily, Maggie, and Stinky birthday party hats. Once that's taken care of I have to sew up Lily's birthday dress. I made a pattern last week but kind of forgot about it until today. Oops.
Yes, you may call me the crazy dog lady.
Happy Thursday!
April 28, 2011 9:44 pm
Whoa, I totally misread that as saying "Tomorrow I'm getting my face tattooed." I was like "WHaaat?"


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Want to Be CEO? Stand Tall.
Aiming for a job in the C-suite? Height helps, according to a new study.
A study of 1.3 million Swedish men found—not too surprisingly–that chief executives score highly on measures of intelligence and soft skills, with top scorers more likely to helm large companies.
But talent isn't the only predictor for success. CEOs in the sample tended to be taller than average, found researchers at two European schools and one Australian school.


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Port Adelaide Power Kids Core 9FORTY Cap
- Write a review
- Add to wishlist Added to Wishlist
Represent your POWER pride the right way by adding this Port Adelaide Kids 9Forty Core Cap to any outfit. Basic and to the point, the cap features a rounded brim and structured mid-crown, whilst the sweat-absorbing material, wicks sweat away from the head to ensure you stay cool and comfortable throughout the day. With embroidered eyelets for enhanced airflow, the adjustable rear closure provides a customizable fit, to suit most head sizes. Finished with a front embroidered team logo and team colours finish, this Port Adelaide Kids 9Forty Core Cap kicks goals for any outfit.


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Top flight deals to Warsaw (WAW)*
Fly to Warsaw with KLM
As KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, we offer flights to Warsaw, serving Warsaw Chopin Airport (WAW) at the most convenient departure and arrival times together with our global network. Have any questions about your upcoming KLM flight to Warsaw? Contact us via Facebook, Messenger, Twitter or WhatsApp and we'll get back to you with a response as soon as possible. We're available 24 hours a day and are always happy to help!
Top Warsaw attractions
- Lazienki Gardens & Palace: a garden complex situated in a large park, featuring the beautiful palace of King Stanisław Augustus, built in the late 17th century.
- Old Town: the historic district of Warsaw boasting stunning medieval architecture, scenic narrow streets and a main square with bustling restaurants and shops.
- Warsaw Uprising Museum: a museum dedicated to the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, showcasing numerous artefacts from the days of the Nazi occupation of the city, and retelling harrowing stories from the occupants.
- Castle Square (Plac Zamkowy): the large public square situated in Old Town Warsaw directly in front of the Royal Castle, popular with tourists for stunning photo opportunities and other fascinating sights.
- POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews: a museum situated on the site of the former Warsaw Ghetto, documenting the history and treatment of Polish Jews throughout history, and World War 2.
If you want to make sure you see the very best of Warsaw, take a look at our travel guide today. We've put together all of our best insider tips and tips so that you can be confident that you don't miss a thing on your holiday to Warsaw!
What's the best way to get around Warsaw?
The metro is efficient and affordable so is a great way to move between districts. However, the metro was built with commuters in mind so while it is good for moving in and out of the city, it won't take you directly to any tourist attractions. The metro runs every 3-10 minutes from early morning until 00:00 and there are special night lines operating until 03:00 on weekends. Buses are a fantastic option for tourist and they run regularly day and night. They can get a little crowded during rush hours and if traffic is bad, your journey can take a while. To avoid traffic jams, you can also take the tram. While the tram isn't quicker than the bus in normal circumstances, the tram doesn't get caught up in traffic so is often a better option.
What's the weather in Warsaw?
It rains about half the time in Warsaw, so no matter when you're travelling, take an umbrella. Warsaw has very cold winters with temperatures below freezing more often than not. Summers are very mild, with an average high of just 18°C (64°F) in July.
Weather in Warsaw
Powered by: OpenWeatherMap.org
21 °CSaturday15/08/2020
24 °CSunday16/08/2020
25 °CMonday17/08/2020
27 °CTuesday18/08/2020
20 °CWednesday19/08/2020
23 °CThursday20/08/2020
26 °CFriday21/08/2020
*All amounts are in USD. Taxes and surcharges are included. No booking fee is applicable, but a payment surcharge may apply. Prices shown may vary depending on fare availability. You will see the final amount when selecting your payment method.


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Prince Marley - Sound From Heart [DJ Rell Submitted]
Prince Marley - Sound From Heart
Check Out My Overnight Idea (The Warning)
[Mixtape] Prince Marley - My Overnight Idea
(The Warning) :: http://livemixtap.es/eyk
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@P_Marley_ @OGTazmania @DJRell
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
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A federal government website managed by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
200 Independence Avenue, S.W. - Washington, D.C. 20201
Prevent Bullying
Parents, school staff, and other adults in the community can help kids prevent bullying by talking about it, building a safe school environment, and creating a community-wide bullying prevention strategy. Find out what you can do.
How to Talk About Bullying
Parents, school staff, and other caring adults have a role to play in preventing bullying. They can help kids understand bullying, keep the lines of communication open, encourage kids to do what they love, and model how to treat others with kindness and respect.
Prevention at School
Bullying can threaten students' physical and emotional safety at school and can negatively impact their ability to learn. The best way to address bullying is to stop it before it starts. There are a number of things school staff can do to make schools safer and prevent bullying.
Working in the Community
Bullying can be prevented, especially when the power of a community is brought together. Community-wide strategies can help identify and support children who are bullied, redirect the behavior of children who bully, and change the attitudes of adults and youth who tolerate bullying behaviors in peer groups, schools, and communities.


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American women had far fewer babies after the onset of the Great Recession, which made 2011 the year with the nation's lowest recorded birth rate. But it is immigrant women, specifically Mexican immigrant women, who had the steepest drop in births, a 23 percent lower birth rate between 2007 and 2010. By comparison, the drop during those years for U.S.-born women was 6 percent, and among all foreign-born women it was 14 percent.
According to the new Pew Research Center report released today, it was not just foreign-born Latinas who had fewer children. The authors, demographers D'Vera Cohn and Gretchen Livingston, report that U.S.-born Hispanic women also had larger birth rate declines in the years between 2007 and 2010 than women of other ethnic or racial groups.
The numbers tell the picture quite clearly. Between 1990 and 2010, for example, the birth rate among U.S.-born Hispanic women dropped from 82.4 percent to 65.4 percent, a 21-point decline. Among foreign-born Latinas, there was a 30 percent drop from 1990 to 2010. And during the Great Recession years, between 2007 and 2010, births to Mexican women went down from 455,000 births in 2007 to 346,000 — a 24 percent drop.
While the authors say the report does not address the reasons for the birth declines after 2007, they point out previous Pew Research analysis which finds "that the recent fertility decline is closely linked to economic distress." The report notes that states with the largest economic declines from 2007 to 2008 were most likely to see fertility declines from 2008 to 2009. Hispanics had the largest decline in household wealth — 66 percent — during the Great Recession, as well as higher unemployment and poverty rates.
The report's findings do not surprise Leticia Mederos, vice president of the National Partnership for Women and Families. "The size of a family is clearly an issue of economic security to so many Latino families, and very connected to pocketbook issues," she notes.
It is important to note, however, that immigrants and their families are projected to account for 82 percent of the U.S. population's growth by 2050. In fact, the 23 percent share of all 2010 births to foreign-born mothers was higher than the 17 percent share of women immigrants ages 15 to 44. And of all Hispanic births in 2010, 56 percent were to immigrant mothers.
One interesting finding is the age at which immigrant women have children. More immigrant women over the age of 35 give birth than do U.S.- born women. In 2010, 33 percent of births to women aged 35 or older were among immigrant women. Conversely, very few foreign-born women are teen moms (5 percent) in part because of the age profile of immigration.


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The Annual Olustee Festival & Craft Show features homemade Arts & Crafts from vendors all over the United States,…
A historical re-enactment of Florida's largest Civil War Battle between the North and the South. Hundreds of re-enactors come…
We are glad you are interested in One of the Top 10 Events in the Southeast, the award winning,…
The Festival is free and open the public.
The festival is open Friday and Saturday 9am to 5pm both days. A full schedule of events can be found at www.olusteefestival.com
Admission is $10 Adult, $5 Student, Children 5 and under FREE.
There is a battle reenactment on Saturday and Sunday during the event. On Saturday the tactical battle is held at 3:30 PM. On Sunday the actual battle reenactment of Olustee is held at 1:30 PM. Space fills up fast so be sure to get there early to get a seat or you may bring your own.
Accommodations can be found at a verity of hotels in Lake City, FL. Please visit www.springsrus.com/stay for a complete list of accommodations.
Reenactors or living historians are permitted to participate in the reenactment and festival. Reenactors belong to a military unit or historical organization and have studied the time period in depth as well as undergo safety training.
If you are interested in becoming a reenactor you may want to search for a local reenacting organization or reenactor in your area that can point you in the appropriate direction.
Reenactors or Living Historians, spend hours of time and research building and preparing and obtaining authentic items such as their tents, gear, uni forms and weaponry. All items are required to be period appropriate to the Civil War. All clothing and accessories must meet those standards and are patterned after the original uniforms.
Weaponry must meet safety requirements.The muskets, revolvers and swords are all real and are reproductions of the original arms used in the Civil War. All reenactors are volunteers and partici pate in reenactments across the United States.
Yes, a shuttle service is provided at the Lake City Gateway Airport. The shuttle service is available Saturday, starting at 9:00 am and Sunday, starting at 9:00 am and ending at 5:00 pm. $2.00 per adult, $1.00 per student, preschool and under ride free.
Easy, simply go to www.olusteefestival.com and visit our "registration" section. There you can register for the arts and crafts show or as a food vendor.
Please visit www.olusteefestival.com and visit the "Parade" section. There you will find our registration form to participate in the annual parade.


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Each week we run the box office numbers through our proprietary formula that tabulates receipts, the film's budget, the number of screens and critical response to see not just who made the most money, but who's leading the PopcornBiz Championship Series.
"The Avengers," apparently Earth's mightiest heroes, won the weekend for the third time in as many tries. Not only that, but the film put up the second-best third weekend of all-time, bringing its total take to $457 million, good enough for sixth place of all-time. The film is now just $4 million short of passing "Star Wars" for fifth place, and later this week will pass "Phantom Menace" to move into fourth. "Avatar" is still along way off.
"Battleship" with a budget of roughly $209 million, opened to a paltry $25 million.
U.S. & World
Here's the week's top 10, via Box Office Mojo:
1. The Avengers - $55,057,000
2. Battleship - $25,300,000
3. The Dictator - $17,415,000
4. Dark Shadows - $12,770,000
5. What to Expect When You're Expecting - $10,500,000
6. The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel - $3,250,000
7. The Hunger Games - $3,000,000
8. Think Like a Man - $2,700,000
9. The Lucky One - $1,765,000
10. The Pirates! Band of Misfits - $1,450,000
While most of the new films underperformed, "Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" made a strong showing. Running the box office numbers, budgets and critical responses through our proprietary formula, the film managed to finish No. 2 in the PBCS:
1. The Avengers - 624
2. The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel - 422
3. The Dictator - 56
4. Think Like a Man - 46
5. The Hunger Games - 28
6. Dark Shadows - 13
7. Battleship - 12
8. What to Expect When You're Expecting - 8
9. The Pirates! Band of Misfits - 5
10. The Lucky One - 3
For a British romcom set in India and starring a bunch of over-60s, we have to say that is stunning--well played, Dame Judi.
Last week we thought that "Battleship" was going to knock "The Avengers" off their pedestal. This week we wouldn't dare suggest that "Men in Black 3, starring Will Smith, Tommy Lee Jones and Josh Brolin, has a chance of doing so.


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It's Going to Get Stuck That Way! Watch Jimmy Fallon Have a Funny Face Off With Jude Law
I have to show you guys this. Recently on The Tonight Show Jimmy Fallon asked kids to send in videos of their best funny face. Then Jimmy and guest Jude Law re-created them live on the show. Watch this, it'll crack you up!


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There's nothing better than walking around Bluestone on a crisp, winter's day. And we've had a few of those this past week, making it very festive.
If you're not lucky enough to be spending a Christmas or New Year break with us, we hope you have a great time with friends or family and enjoy your break.
Ding dong! Merrily on high
In Heav'n the bells are ringing:
Ding dong! Verily the sky
Is riv'n with angels singing.
Hosanna in excelsis!
Hosanna in excelsis!
E'en so here below, below,
Let steeple bells be swungen,
And "Io, io, io!"
By priest and people sungen.
Pray you, dutifully prime
Your matin chime ye ringers:
May you beautifully rime
Your evetime song ye singers.
I'm sure you are all familiar with this popular Christmas carol. You may even find yourself singing it at your local church Christmas service or at one of Bluestone's Christmas events, if you are lucky enough to be there over the festive season.
The tune of it actually appears for the first time as a dance tune called 'le branle de l'Official' in a dance book entitled Orchesographie, written during the 16th century by Jehan Tabouret.
The words, however, were composed by an English composer, George Ratcliffe Woodward (1848, 1934) and first published in 1924.
Although the words are relatively modern, they reflect the importance of bells to our ancestors. In past centuries, the ringing of bells regulated people's lives; the sound of them gave warning of danger or disaster, signaled glad tidings and marked the passing of the hours each day.
The earliest Christian missionaries carried small handbells that were instruments of signal, a talisman and a weapon They were rung to attract a gathering, they drove away evil spirits and made curses stick. People took oaths on these portable bells with, so it was said, more fear of swearing falsely by them than on the gospels.
Bells were carried into battle and were believed to work miracles. In the Celtic nations, bells were often cared for by hereditary keepers, who received an income from lands belonging not to any person, but to the bell. If it was thought likely, in times of danger, that the bell would fall into non-Christian hands, it was buried in hallowed ground.
These early bells, especially in Ireland, were known as clogga, but eventually, in Europe, were called campana, a word that became the commonest Latin word for bell; from this is derived campanarius (bell ringer), campanile (bell tower) and campanology. The word comes from Campania, the Italian province around Naples, which from ancient times was famous for its bronze casting
The development of bells from small hand-held objects to large ones placed at the top of buildings took place in monasteries. Bells were no longer personally owned things, but were the corporate properties of religious houses.
In monasteries and larger churches, a number of bells might be hung in the tower or at the top of the building. The first and largest of these was the deep-toned signum, or signal bell. It rang for all assemblies for divine worship. The smallest was the tintinnabulum, different in tone from the other bells and often a small handbell. It was often listed separately in early medieval inventories. In later centuries the more musical cymbalum is mentioned.
Another bell was the porter's bell. This became necessary after monasteries were enclosed by high walls. It usually hung just inside the main gate which in times of peace was left open from sunrise to sunset and was rung by anyone wishing to gain admittance to the monastery. When the gate was closed a rope attached to the bell was let down on the outside.
The most important bell in a monastery was the abbot's handbell. It was a small tintinnabulum, and its high, tinkling note was one that the monks dared not disobey. It had something of the aura of the early missionaries' bells. Most religious houses would have at least one bell cast of bronze and the others from iron.
Bells were sacred objects in the medieval church. New bells underwent a ceremony not unlike baptism, not at the font, but at the base of the bell tower. They were first washed in holy water in which salt had been dissolved to exorcise the devil. They were then anointed with oil. Next, they were placed on a tripod and incense was lit beneath them, so that their mouths were filled with sweet smelling smoke. These bells were so sacred that and the laity were not allowed to ring or even touch them.
The bells were given names, usually those of saints. It was believed that each chime of the bell was an individual request to the saint to pray for the village. More importantly, bells were the messengers of God's word. They were comparable to the voices of the Old Testament prophets. Some bells were inscribed with the words Vox Domini, the Voice of the Lord, and this was inspired by the words of Psalm 29, 'The voice of the Lord is powerful.' Other inscriptions included 'O King of Glory, bring peace' or 'Christ the King brings peace'.
As well as inscription, many bells were inscribed with sacred symbols and whilst the power of the written word went out with the pealing of the bells, the holy symbols protected the bells when at rest and prevented demons from getting into the tower and wreaking havoc.
The chiming of the church bells summoned people to church. Bells were sounded at baptism and death, the two most important times of medieval life.
The most important bell was the sanctus bell. The word sanctus comes from sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, or holy, holy, holy. This bell was sounded in greeting during the mass, when the bread and wine became the body and blood of Christ and Christ was believed to have physically entered the church.
The sanctus bell told everyone, whether in the church or in the fields, that they should fall silent and bow their heads. At that moment, the entire community was bound together by the sound of the sanctus bell. You can imagine therefore, the people of Newton North, where Bluestone now stands, ceasing their work in the fields as the bell of the now-ruined church rang out and closing their eyes in prayer until the ringing died away.
In medieval times, the priests often wore tiny bells attached to their vestments and these chimed as the priests went through the services. These were usually gold in colour and were so small that they became inaudible at a distance - but they were really intended to remind the priest that his actions should always be in conformity with his teachings!
Other bells sounded at different parts of the services, particularly a larger bell that directed the attention of the congregation to the most important parts of the rites
In some churches there was a special bell reserved for use at weddings. It summoned the bride and groom to come and be received by the priest at the church porch and invited anyone to witness the service; it also rang at the end of the wedding to welcome the new couple into the world with joyful sounds and to inform the community that the marriage had been performed. Bells also pealed out to wake the bride and groom on the morning after the wedding and to welcome them to church on the first Sunday after the marriage.
When a priest went to a private house to give communion to a sick person, he was often preceded by a scholar carrying a small bell, who sounded it as they walked along. In some parts of Europe, when a woman went into labour, her girdle was tied around a bell and it was given three strokes, or strokes in sets of three, in the hope of an easy delivery. Bells were not regarded as having healing powers, unless they already had a reputation as miracle-workers, as the bells of the early Celtic saints were said to do.
Most churches also sounded a death-knell when someone died. Originally this was called the 'passing bell', and the sounding of it was thought to help the soul of the deceased in the after-life. The bell used to ring the death knell was often a high-pitched one and the strokes of the death knell, or the rhythms used, indicated whether a man, a woman or a child had died. The age of the deceased might also be indicated. This was not intended as a clue to the person's identity, but to ensure that the right prayers could be said.
If a church had a special bell for the death knell it was dedicated to the Archangel Michael, the guardian both of heaven and the faith of the church. A bell known as the lych bell was sounded as the funeral procession approached the church. This was usually a handbell - or several bells if it was the funeral of an important person. The sound warded off evil spirits and protected the corpse on its way to the church, as well as letting passers-by know that they should kneel out of respect as the cortege went by, and to make the proper signs for the salvation of their own souls.
At the church, the Funeral Bell rang until the procession entered the building. Sometimes a second Funeral Bell marked the end of the rites and the Lych Bell would ring as the body was carried to the grave. A Burial Bell (usually the Funeral Bell or a hand bell) tolled as the body was lowered into the earth. The relatives of the deceased might pay for an Obit Bell to be rung a month or a year after the death, to aid the soul in afterlife. If the body ever had to be moved to a new site, a Moving Bell would sound.
During plagues there was continuous ringing, so much so that the bells sometimes cracked. Bells were also rung to drive away evil spirits.
Bell makers often travelled from community to community, casting bells in bell pits which were situated at the base of the bell tower. Because bells have a silvery tone, bell makers often told the lords of the manors, who usually paid for the parish bells, that they needed silver to achieve the sound, and that they would add the silver to the iron from which the bell was made. The silver actually went into the bell maker's pocket and tin was added to the bell instead.
Categories:Winter, History