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Socially ways that are acceptable Ask a Chick to fall asleep With You
"Verbal Screening"
(socially appropriate, non-crass methods to ask chicks to rest with you)
updated: March 17 2019 – haha – "Netflix and Chill" was initially our 'idea', the good news is it really is conventional!
While you both read Good Looking Loser if you are home on this Saturday night, it better be with your fuckbuddy half-naked next to you. I invested so many Saturday nights in the home during my 20's. We be sorry too.
In the event that you can not keep in touch with girls during the night, just go out and view whenever you can make eye contact (+ look) with girls or get view other guys communicate with random girls take a look at our program. Even though you do not state a term the complete time – it really is better for your "game" than reading my disgraceful creepy web log.
I did so a video clip (see below) and was not gonna do a post about this 'common sense' subject but I made the decision it had been a good idea that everyone else see this.
Guys that "research" sex/dating in the Internet frequently experience 'information overload' and literally freeze up in their interactions or have no idea where to find down where in fact the girls stands.
They also have drawn in a lot of "game" disinformation that Good searching Loser is personally responsible for reversing.
I am sure you've seen those "Asking 100 Girls For Sex" or "Will You have intercourse if they will sleep with him with me?" viral YouTube videos where a guy asks 100 girls. Frequently he asks the question while the really thing that is first claims.
As an example –
(do not bother watching these in complete)
In some instances the girls begin to see the camera, in many cases perhaps not. It doesn't really matter.
The outcome are exactly the same in most the videos –
>98% of this girls state "No."
Here you will find the two methods –
Dining Table of Contents
0:00 The YouTube "social experiments" – what do they mean?
1:45 Verbal vs. physical screening (physical will ALWAYS get you further, faster)
4:15 "could you love to get together for a drink ?" "Lets grab a drink tonight."
(do not suggest it is a romantic date or coffee)
5:45 Logistical issues – where guys that nail 50+ girls via cold approach live.
7:25 "Do you realy want to come over and watch a film ?" "You should drop by and we also'll view a film ."
8:20 "Normal" guys that Get Laid a great deal use each of these ALL TIME.
9:45 Stupid egghead rebuttal: "seeking rapport/asking questions" is wrong.
11:20 A note on just how much "game" actually matters.
12:00 which will be better? Spoken or physical stuff?
12:45 getting faster with all the stuff this is certainly real />15:00 Use both: ask woman to generally meet for a drink, then her to come over for a movie/drink.
Tonight#1 Offer to Meet Up for a Drink
("You want to grab a drink? Lets do that.")
This idea, among guys that get a lot of pussy, may be the single most used line into the reputation for the universe.
Every woman into the world (unless you REALLY seem like boyfriend material) understands this can be an invite for future intercourse.
It's the universal, courteous, socially appropriate invite for sex.
As a potential boyfriend and withholds her pussy until you are emotionally invested so you don't think she's a slut if you are looking to Get Laid, this is a much better alternative than asking a girl to "dinner" so she starts looking at you.
Perhaps the minority of apprehensive girls that think "he's most likely just looking to get me drunk", will ironically completely allow you to do this – if they're intimately available and DTF.
Lots of dudes are afraid to utilize this proposition given that it's "overused" or "too normal".
That is absurd, the desire to be creative/witty is actually insecurity and social inexperience.
(i am here, trust me)
Others are scared that girls will think "this person wants to rape me".
Emotionally healthy girls WILL NOT THAT that is THINK.
Just trust me on this one too.
A DTF girl will not turn down a polite invite to have a drink to you – if she likes you.
I totally encourage one to utilize this proposition EVERYTIME before taking a woman's quantity.
#2 Offer to view a Movie/Hangout (at your house)
("Why don't you visit tonight and we also'll grab/watch a film and spend time?")
If "grabbing a cliphunter hd drink" is the #1 idea of all-time, "watch a movie/hangout" is #1b.
It may be # 1 actually, it's this that everyone who Gets Laid in university uses when they'ren't at events.
(but it is usually the 'after party' pretense)
Such as the previous proposition, girls realize "watch a film" to be an invite for sex (or at the very least some type of messing around).
Like "getting a drink", the "watch a movie/hangout" idea is socially acceptable, courteous rather than too ahead.
Perhaps it's apparent you are proposing to "watch a movie", "pick up a movie" (spend time) rather than "see a film" or "go to a film" (date).
Make that clear.
(it frequently is when you say "hangout")
The invite is a excuse that is socially acceptable the lady to come over and mess around – at ANY TIME.
On a more traditional date) you can use this pretense to get the girl to come over afterward if you are "getting a drink" with a girl (or find yourself.
All girls understand what it means.
Girls understand this and can come over looking means hotter than when they were simply likely to watch a film.
A "movie/hangout" may be the universal socially appropriate method for getting a girl to come over, but these alternatives are acceptable too –
Come over and now we'll chill.
Come over and now we'll earn some food and have now some drinks.
Come over and we also'll simply chill in the tub that is hot.
Come over so we'll smoke weed.
Come over and we also'll do some blow.
These pretenses are certainly not necessary she is your fuckbuddy (just tell/ask her to come over) – but can be useful after you have fucked the girl and.
Its not necessary virtually any pretenses compared to those 2.
How/Why Performs This "Work"!?
As the woman likes both you and really wants to have intercourse with you.
She's frequently simply looking forward to the opportunity to do this.
Ideally, your ex should KNOW ALREADY what you are looking (sex, not just a gf) for when you meet her, but these propositions will keep without doubt.
This is the reason after you meet them that I don't believe in garbage like "text game" or "working on" girls. Even yet in the instances that are small it may seem to function, it is scarcely efficient and chances are – your ex ALREADY liked you.
The next time you wish to communicate (verbally) that you would like to sleep together with her and would like to understand where she appears – just recommend a "drink" or "movie/hangout".
You'll receive your response.
If you aren't comfortable being physical with girls although I encourage, physical screening (a little goes a long way, especially during the day), this type of "verbal screening" is a nice way to get to the point.
(nevertheless – try to get more comfortable with it, spoken screening will not be as effective as real screening + tiny talk)
Pour Conclure
Once per week, somebody asks ways to get a lady to come over or wonders the right way to step a"hang up out" in the place of a romantic date.
Then that's good news if this was common sense to you (therefore you should have ALREADY have experience using these pretenses at least 20-30 times.
Odds are – you have got recently been Laid that is getting and this tied up some loose ends.
If it had beenn't good judgment, at this point you have the right answer to –
Just What do i really do to generally meet (and never date) a lady?
This is certainly as simple you- she will jump at the chance to get a drink/movie and chill with you as it gets and when a girl likes.


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We live life to the fullest
Volvo is proud to partner with New York and Los Angeles Road Runners in support of driving a healthier lifestyle, sharing our love for the global community and runners everywhere.
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Show your support to the Black Lives Matter Movement
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Please be considerate to protect the health and safety of yourself and others through practicing social distancing while running. Continue to follow any updates and guidelines provided by your local and state authorities, and stay up-to-date on the latest news from the CDC and WHO.
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subset: commoncrawl


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What makes each of these men heroic?
Arguably, Socrates and Achilles form part of the ancient history well known for fictional and real heroic characters, especially for those who want to explore the impacts and relevance of heroism in real life. The concept of heroism forms part of the central theme in mythology, and life philosophies. For example, Achilles depicts the real concept of a catastrophic hero (Hobbs, 2006).
Numerous aspects show the heroism between the Achilles and Socrates. Achilles was able to reverse and change his downfall and prove to other heroes and him that he was a true hero. Achilles was known to be immortal and invisible; when he was at his young age, his mother immortalized him by dipping in the River Styx, as she holds him in the heels. Achilles was courageous individual who could go to war without fear (Michelakis, 2007).
In fact, Achilles was a hero because he always stood for his rights, for example, he stood against Agamemnon, who was the leader of the Greek army at that time. He was guided by wisdom/Athena, to do the right thing, especially in war. He made decisions based on wisdom, rather than joining the war because of insults. He was the best warrior, who without his leadership the entire group would lose the battle (Hobbs, 2006). He was also admirable than any other average person in society, additionally he had the fatal flaw that lead him to his own undoing. Furthermore, in times of war, he could not be defeated conventionally; he possessed exceptional stamina, resistance, strength as well as invulnerable (Michelakis, 2007).
Socrates too was made a hero in different ways. He was a military hero, who served in times of war. His dead, causes of dead, and other surrounding events made him a hero. He was always the man of the people; repeatedly embarrassing political figures in the presence of the public, yet still the young men followed his ideologies (Waerdt, 1994). Additionally, Socrates disagreed with peoples decisions, but always believed that law and order should prevail. He was a hero because he would not flee, and always stayed steadfast to his teachings. His intelligence on how he argued and handled situations made be a hero. Furthermore, just like the Achilles, Socrates was courageous; remaining fully certain, that he better dies that going against his beliefs. Socrates and Achilles, possessed heroic ideologies, they were stubborn, willing to die for their believes, both straying from the societal norms. He Socrates took the risk and challenged the manmade authority of the time for a higher authority of gods (Hobbs, 2006).
What motives drive each of these men to act in the way they do?
The actions of Socrates and Achilles were driven by different motives in their life. Both were driven by believe to popularize, and make public their ideologies. Socrates was focused towards the real love, which he believed was the love of finest and beautiful things. They were motivated by the urge to attain success and happiness in life. Another driving motive was the search for honor and glory though the concept of immortality.
Perhaps, Achilles and Socrates acted with courage in their lives because they were driven by the believe of super powers from gods, as well as ideologies on immortality. In fact, they both believed to be masculine and powerful; hence, they fought for fame and leadership (Waerdt, 1994)
In what way do heroes teach us how to live?
Undoubtedly, Socrates and Achilles are two prominent and influential heroes who have taught us how to live. They have both produced tremendous positive effects on how to live. From their heroic characters, individuals have learned the relevance of a spiritual nature and human physical characters. From their ideologies, they demonstrate the importance of law and order in the society, depicting it as necessary and fundamental (Hobbs, 2006).
Based on the lives of Achilles and Socrates, it is clear that individuals should be courageous in their lives, especially in fighting for what they believe. Furthermore, for a community to be successful in times of war, they should have a leader to lead them through the fight. Additionally, individual has learned to respect the authorities, as well as adoring their supernatural. Immortality is just a myth, but in real life situation, no one is immortal, infact in the long run we will die. Despite the fact that dead is a reality in human life, we must always struggle to achieve how goals in life, even if it means dying for it.
Hobbs, A. (2006). Plato and the Hero: Courage, Manliness, and the Impersonal Good.
Cambridge: Cambridge University.
Waerdt, V. (1994). The Socratic Movement. London: Cornell University Press.
Michelakis, P. (2007). Achilles in Greek Tragedy. New York: Wiley.


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We're teaming up with the Carson Chamber of Commerce to bring you a food and beer pairing adventure for the first Carson Restaurant week!
Our chefs have prepared a 4-course dinner menu with optional beer pairings.
Dinner Only $30 dinner and beer pairing $40
Course #1
Cheese Plate:
4 year aged cheddar, Gouda, Fresh Fruit, French Baguette, Prosciutto and Calabrese. Paired with Muis: 100% Brett Belgian Style Blonde. 6.75% ABV
Course #2
Persimmon Arugula Salad with Smoked Salmon
10 Hour Smoked Salmon, Crisp Arugula, Persimmons, Fresh Mint, Goat Cheese, Pomegranate and House-made Red Wine Vinaigrette. Paired with Missing Wednesday: Grisette 5.3% ABV
Course #3
Rack Of Lamb
Sous Vide Rack of Lamb, Wild Mushroom Risotto with Pancetta, Thyme and Fresh Microgreens. Paired with Broadacres with Black Currants: Wild Berliner Weisse 4.2% ABV
Course #4
Apricot Panna Cotta with Fresh Whipped Cream and Candied Walnuts. Paired with Rickenstein: South German Hefeweizen 5% ABV
Contact firstname.lastname@example.com for additional times and ticket availability.


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Chris Arana
Contact Information
Chris Arana Management
Contacts Available:
- Booking Agent
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Registration takes only a minute
We may have Chris Arana's manager information, along with their booking agents info as well. If you want the Chris Arana email address for their management team, or booking agency, we have that available for you to view by signing up. You can find the Chris Arana booking info and booking price estimate here. You can contact Chris Arana through... Read more


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Year 5 classes should have had a trip to the town hall to learn about councils and elections and to meet the mayor. Unfortunately, this is not possible but the mayor has sent you a message which you can read below.
Some information for you to read and activities for you to complete are below too.
See if you can remember the different words, pictures and symbols of the Blackburn Coat of Arms.


text:
Ismail, A. E. and Noranai, Z. and Muhd Nor, N. H. and Mohd Tobi, A. L. and Ahmad, M. H. (2016) Effect of hybridized fiber wrapped around the aluminum tubes on the crushing performances. In: International Engineering Research and Innovation Symposium (IRIS), 24-25 November 2016, Kings Green Hotel Melaka, Malaysia.Full text not available from this repository.
Nowadays, synthetic fibres for an example glass fibres is frequently used to wrap the metallic tubes in order to increase their load-bearing capacity. Due to environmental considerations and non-biodegradable behaviour, natural fibres or materials are increasingly used to replace synthetic fibres. The use of synthetic fibres can be minimized by combining them with natural fibres. Based on the literature survey, combining both fibres (synthetic and natural) for crushing applications are relatively new and therefore the main work of this paper is to present the crushing performances of hybridized fibres wrapped around the aluminium tubes when subjected to quasi-static crushing forces. Glass fibres are then combined with yarn kenaf fibres according to these volume fractions: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The hybridized fibres are wrapped around the tubes twice using different orientations [0o/0o], [15°/-15°], [30o/-30o] and [45o/-45o] included empty tubes before they are immersed into polyester resin bath. The composite tubes are then quasi-statically compressed using a constant cross-head displacement of 10mm/min. The force-displacement curves for each tube conditions are recorded automatically and analysed. The relation between hybridized fibbers and fibre orientations with crashworthiness parameters are investigated and discussed associating with their crushing mechanisms.
|Item Type:
|Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
|T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
|Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering > Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology
|Depositing User:
|Mr. Mohammad Shaifulrip Ithnin
|Date Deposited:
|25 Sep 2018 08:20
|Last Modified:
|25 Sep 2018 08:20
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sanitary installations for dwellings, commercial and office buildings
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oWo Cyberslam #32410 min read
Cyberslam #324
16th March 2020
oWo Arena, Los Angeles, California
AC/DC – If You Want Blood hits the sound system as the entrance package for oWo Cyberslam plays to kick off the show! The video package highlights exciting action from the likes of CJ Dreamer, Johnny All Star, 'Magic' Morales and 'Razor' Rick Reid before the shot cuts to the live camera inside the oWo arena. The camera pans around the sold out crowd who are holding up a variety of signs supporting their favourite oWo fighters! The music continues to blast out over the arena sound speakers as pyros shoot up from the entrance stage before a run down of tonight's matches are shown on the giant video screen, including a main event match which will see Teddy Rush look to follow up on his victory over Johnny All Star last week as he takes on Victor Holland with the rights to fight for the oWo Internet Championship on the line!!
Single Match
Sid Ross vs. Nate Adams
With Nate Adams already in the ring, "Toxicity" by System of a Down hits the sound system, and as the drum beat hits the tag team of Sid Ross and Harry Barnes emerge from behind the curtain to huge cheers from the crowd. The pair collectively known as 'The Union' make their way down the entrance ramp with energy before making their way around the ring in opposite directions, slapping hands with all of the fans in the front row. Barnes and Ross finally climb into the ring and jointly pose in the middle to soak in the cheers from the fans.
The referee calls for the bell and Ross starts the match off right hands before taking Adams down to the mat. Adams fights up and lands a snapmare takedown, before working the arm of his opponent. Adams makes an early cover, but only gets a one count from the referee. Adams pulls Ross up, but Ross lands a shoulder block to knock Adams down, before landing a right hand to the back of his opponent. Ross bounces into the ropes, but Adams counters with a clothesline to knock his opponent down.
Adams pulls Ross up and lands a big DDT in the middle of the ring on his opponent. Adams pulls Ross up onto his shoulders and lands a big spinning drop before signalling for his finisher! Ross stumbles up, but Nate Adams lands the 'Killswitch' in the middle of the ring before making the cover and scoring the three count!
The fans give a mixed reaction as the referee raises the arm of Nate Adams in the air in victory and he celebrates the big win.
Winner via pinfall: Nate Adams
Single Match
Xander Young vs. Angelo Anderson
The lights in the arena dim and the fans boo as 'Many Men' by 50 Cent booms out of the sound system. The menacing Angelo Anderson slowly walks out onto the top of the entrance ramp and raises his arms in the air. Anderson shakes his head at the booing crowd before climbing into the ring and trash talking the fans at ringside before the match gets started.
The lights in the arena cut to black as 'Who's Laughing Now' by #NerdOut hits the sound system. The fans boo loudly as after a few seconds a spotlight appears on the top of the entrance ramp which Sara Young steps into. Sara Young stares menacingly out at the crowd before Xander Young and Christian Cashman step into the light either side of her. The three members of Rebellion stand at the top of the entrance ramp for a few seconds, before marching through the darkness down the entrance ramp towards the ring, with the spotlight flashing on and off of them. The three members of Rebellion step up into the ring as the lights in the arena slowly begin to fade up.
The bell rings for the match to start and both men stare each other down, before laying into each other with right hands. Anderson knocks down Xander Young with a powerful punch, before pulling him back up to his feet. Anderson lands some more right hands to send Young into the ring ropes, but Young sends Anderson into the corner and then follows up with a big running knee.
Young lays into Anderson with some mounted punches on the big man, before stomping away on him. Xander Young works over the arm of Anderson before making the cover, but Anderson powers out on two. Xander Young pulls Anderson up to his feet and lands a big side slam, before stomping on his opponents back. Xander Young lands a knee to the midsection and then chokes Anderson in the corner of the ring until the referee forces a break.
This gives Anderson the chance to land a big belly to belly suplex, before throwing XanderYoung around the ring with authority! Anderson shows his power with a back body drop on Young as the rest of the Rebellion on the outside try to cheer on Young! Anderson uses his power to stay on Xander Young in the middle of the ring. Anderson rolls Young over and makes the cover, but Young kicks out on two!
Anderson hits some massive right hands to the back of his opponent, before lifting him into the corner of the ring! Anderson chokes Young out with his boot in the corner, before pulling him away from the ropes and making the cover, only to get another two count! Anderson nails a double backbreaker on Young, before following up with the 'Broken Bomb'! Anderson drops down to make the cover, but Christian Cashman jumps onto the ring apron and distracts the referee!
This makes Anderson angry as he cuts off an attempted comeback from Young before dropping him with another powerbomb! This time Sara Young jumps up onto the ring apron to distract Angelo Anderson! Anderson waves off Sara Young, but as he turns back around he walks straight into a hammerlock DDT from Xander Young! The fans boo as Young makes the cover and scores the three count!
The boos continue as the Rebellion climb into the ring with the retired oWo Tag Team Championship belts and hold them in the air in victory!
Winner via pinfall: Xander Young
Single Match
Violet Hawkins vs. Loco Lopez
With Lopez already in the ring, Boos ring out around the arena as 'Violent' Violet Hawkins steps out onto the top of the entrance ramp with 'Heathens' by Twenty One Pilots blasting over the sound system. Hawkins jogs on the spot for a few seconds at the top of the ramp before slowly walking down to the ring with a steely look on her face. Hawkins climbs quickly into the ring and warms up in the corner of the ring.
The match starts and Hawkins lands some body shots to Lopez right from the start. Lopez uses her size advantage to fight back with some kicks and punches, but Hawkins powers her back into the corner of the ring before the referee calls for a break. Both ladies tie up again, but Hawkins forces Lopez into the ropes again! Hawkins runs at Lopez, before taking her down with a spear and nailing some big mounted punches.
Hawkins sends Lopez out of the ring by throwing her over the top rope, before following her to the outside and throwing her around the ringside area! Hawkins bounces Lopez off of the turnbuckle post before sending her back into the ring. Hawkins follows up with some big right hands on Lopez in the ring, however Lopez counters with a stunning heel kick! The kick looks to have KO'ed Hawkins, but as Lopez makes the cover, Hawkins kicks out on two!
Lopez looks to follow up on Hawkins as she pulls her up and then drops Hawkins with a flapjack. Lopez stomps away on Hawkins before working on the leg of her opponent to slow her down. Lopez lands a big DDT in the middle of the ring before making the cover, and scoring a suprise three count over the former Women's Champion Violet Hawkins!
The fans cheer as Lopez celebrates the massive victory, with Violet Hawkins left wondering what just happened!
Winner via pinfall: Lopez
oWo Internet Championship Match
Rick Reid (c) vs. Victor Holland
The fans in the arena cheer as "Knock Your Self Out" by Jadakiss hits the sound system and the stage is basked in a green glow. After a few seconds 'The Natural' Victor Holland steps out from behind the curtain and poses at the top of the entrance ramp, drawing another big cheer from the crowd. Holland slowly moves down the entrance ramp, scanning the fans in the front few rows and exchanging high fives. Holland finally rolls into the ring under the bottom rope and poses on the nearest turnbuckle as his music begins to fade out.
"Welcome to the Jungle" by Guns and Roses hits the sound system and the fans boo as the massive figure of 'Razor' Rick Reid steps out from behind the curtain and onto the stage. Reid slowly looks out around the arena at the fans packed in, before slowly moving down the entrance ramp towards the ring. Reid pays no notice to the fans at all as he climbs into the ring and warms up for his upcoming match.
The referee holds the oWo Internet Championship belt in the air to signal that it will be on the line in tonight's match up! Holland looks up at the belt, looking to take advantage of his victory over Teddy Rush last week to finally secure his first oWo Championship belt!
The bell rings and Holland runs at Reid and lands a DDT before making a cover, but only gets a shock two count! Reid looks stunned as he rises up and lands some big right hands to his opponent, before aiming to punish him with some big kicks and stomps. Reid drops the elbow down over Victor Holland, but Holland rises up to his feet and lands a clothesline!
Holland taunts to the fans, but Reid follows up with a big DDT in the middle of the ring, before pulling Holland up. Holland has the move scouted as he sweeps the leg of his opponent away before rolling to his feet. Reid follows up with a big right hand that takes down Holland, and Reid makes a cover but only gets a two count.
Holland fights back with a kick to the midsection on his opponent followed up with a gutwrench suplex! Holland stomps on the back of the big man, before landing a snap suplex in the middle of the ring! Holland continues to lay in with the big stomps before taunting to the crowd! Holland pulls Reid up, but Reid lands a low blow before sending Holland into the ropes. Reid lands a big powerbomb as Holland bounces out of the ropes before making the cover and getting a 2.9 count in the middle of the ring!
Reid can't believe it as he argues with the referee that it should have been a three count. Reid makes another cover, but again Holland kicks out before the three! Reid works over the legs of Holland, before tossing him around the ring and landing some big mounted punches! Reid lands another big punch as Holland gets to his feet., before making the cover on Holland and scoring the three count after the KO punch!
The fans boo loudly as the unbeaten Rick Reid is handed the Internet Championship belt, which he raises high in the air in victory! With Holland falling short again, can anyway take the belt from Rick Reid?
Winner via pinfall: Rick Reid


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864 Fighting Championship was started with the idea of taking care of fighters. 864 wanted to make sure fighters were staying busy in the region and were getting paid properly. 864 also wanted to make sure to keep fighters health in mind and recovery after weight cut. 864 wants to help grow the sport of MMA not just in our region but all over as well. We try to have the best interest of the fighter in mind at all times. We at 864 have a passion for the sport at its athletes.
Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB) is a Russian mixed martial arts organization and one of the leading promotions in Europe. To date, most events have been hosted in Grozny, Russia. They have also held events in Poland, Romania, Scotland, Georgia, Netherlands, Belgium, Tajikstan, Austria, France, Belarus, England, and are planning events in South Korea, China and Kazakhstand.
AFL (Ansgar Fighting League) was born in 2013 with a clear objective from the first day: to create high quality mixed martial arts (MMA) events and become a benchmark in this sport.
They have become the leading promoter company of the Iberian Peninsula in mixed martial arts, creating events in several cities of our national territory where wrestlers from more than 20 countries have already competed, where you can find from veterans and young Spanish promises to great international fighters.
Art of War Fighting Championship is one of China's first and most prestigious mixed martial arts organization.
Brazil's Aspera Fighting Championship is managed by their CEO, Marcelo Brigadeiro. Brazil is a hub for MMA and largely recognized as one of the proving grounds for fighters all around the world. In just over three years, Aspera has promoted over 50 events and continues to grow, featuring some of the top talent in all of Brazil.
BAMMA is committed to showcasing European MMA talent and promoting the sport to a wider audience. BAMMA's philosophy is to combine high class venues with excellent fight cards alongside quality production values. We want to see the sport of MMA in the UK grow to the size of our US counterparts.
Tamas Veselý and Peter Farkaš are the co-organizer of Cage Fighting Slovakia. The idea originated at the end of summer 2016. Before that there was no MMA match events in Komárno, so we thought it would be good to organized them! I went to Petrom to sponsor the events in Komárno because there was no sporting event that would fill the sports hall (except for the basketball). We managed to talk to Petrom and in November we made the first gala evening called Cage Fighting Komárno and we filled the sports hall! Approximately approx. 1500 spectators.
Cage MMA is Finland's longest running mixed martial arts promotion with their inaugural event taking place in 2004. With 40 events in the books Cage MMA continues to thrive and is recognized as Finland's premier mixed martial arts promotion.
Costa Rica's Calvo Promotions is managed by their CEO, Jorge Calvo. In three years, they have supplanted themselves as the most important promotion in Central America. They are striving to make MMA the most watched sporting event in their country, after soccer.
With their country's location and good political and economic position, they are poised to become the largest MMA promotion in Latin America, with their champions the most recognized in the area.
Fight Coalition is considered one of the largest MMA events in the north of Brazil, its first edition happened on June 26, 2014 in the city of Belém in Brazil! My passion for MMA began in 1993, watching Royce Gracie's fights on TV. I'm practicing Boxing and Jiu-Jitsu! in 2014 me and my friend Mickley Robertson founded the Fight coalition event. my dream is for the Fight Coalition to become a known event in many countries.
Combate Americas, LLC. is the first U.S. Hispanic Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) sports franchise in history, designed to build Latino fighting champions and serve Hispanic fans, one of the world's most avid groups of prize fighting enthusiasts.
Japan's Deep Fighting Championship is managed by their CEO, Shigeru Saeki. Headquartered in Tokyo, they are Japan's premier MMA organization, having hosted well over 300 events.
Australia's Eternal MMA is managed by their CEO, Cam O'Neill. Headquartered in the Gold Coast, they are Australia's premier combat sports show, currently operating in both Queensland and Western Australia. They are Australia's most prolific fight show and looking at a minimum of 7 shows in 2017. They operate in luxury venues and have the best matchmaking and most competitive fights in Australia. They aim to be operating in every state in Australia with 12 events annually in 2018.
Fightstar Fighting Championship is Africa's biggest and fastest growing MMA promotion. Dealing with both Pro and amatuer athletes Fightstar has become the No1 producer of talent on the African continent. With our passion for the sport and the people whom make it work Fightstar will keep on growing on the world stage .
FCC (Full Contact Championship), launched on the 14th of January 2009, and is India's Premier Mixed Martial Arts Fight League where India's top MMA fighters in different weight categories battle it out in the ring to gain supremacy and become champions.
ICE: International Combat Elite is quickly becoming one of the premiere MMA organisations in the UK.
Offering a home for amateur and professional fighters alike, ICE FC consistently puts on amazing fights and is sure that the safety and care of the fighter is put first.
Operated by two former UFC fighters, Tom Blackledge and Aaron Wilkinson make it their mission that the fighters are treated fairly and matched in fights that are worthy of fighters and fans time alike.
IRFA was started on Perry L. D. Segerqvist's initiative with its first event in Uppsala in kick- and Thai boxing. Now it is Mixed Martial Art in the Octagon. Perry L.D Segerqvist started his carrier in Martial Art 1987 and he has competed for almost 20 years and has organized Martial Art events in Sweden since beginning of -1990
Malaysia's Jesselton Fight League is promoted by Rayner Kinsiong. It was founded to create a platform in the search for a champion within the local region and has subsequently produced good fighters that are now competing actively in the local and international MMA scene.
Japan's Deep Fighting Championship is managed by their CEO, Shigeru Saeki. Headquartered in Tokyo, their primary focus is on the growth and promotion of female MMA.
Kunlun Fight is one of the world's highest rising kickboxing and MMA organizations. With its roots in the middle kingdom, KLF has rapidly reached a global phenomenon, and has incorporated fierce international kickboxing and MMA superstars.
LIMO FIGHT CHAMPIONSHIP- LFC, traditional MMA event of the city of Limoeiro do Norte-ce, the event is known as one of the largest in the state of Ceará, Brazil.
Made4TheCage brings out the best in MMA fighters across the whole of the UK. Teaming up with sponsors, associates and other contacts to deliver the most powerful experience for Mixed Martial Arts fans.
Russia's Modern Fighting Pankration is promoted by their CEO, Dmitry Konkov. They have held over 200 events since their promotion began at the turn of the century. Their primary focus has been developing the Far Eastern regions of Russian Federation and the Republiv of SAKHA Yakutia. They are currently looking to develop expansion plans into Siberia and China.
Czech Republic's and Slovakia's young and ambititous MMA promotion was founded by Pavol Neruda, which is now led by him and Ondrej Novotny. From the beginning, their ambition has been to build their MMA promotion based on their fighters' stories. They are destroying old myths about "blood sport" and focused on showing the world that MMA fighters are unique athletes, deserving of fame and glory. They started their promotion by producing the hit TV reality show "Oktagon Výzva" (Oktagon Challenge). This show is very popular and has attracted thousands of new fans to the sport.
ONE Championship is a celebration of true martial arts and its deep-rooted Asian values of humility, integrity, respect, honor, discipline, courage, and strength. Martial arts has been Asia's greatest cultural treasure for the last 5,000 years, and is a part of the daily fabric of society across the continent. It is no secret that Asia is home to many of the best martial artists on the planet. Our mission is to unleash real life superheroes who ignite Asia with hope, dreams, inspiration and strength across all segments of society.
PXC, is one of the premier mixed martial arts events company in the Asia-Pacific region, presents Laban MMA, a provincial MMA development league aid at discovering local MMA fighters who have the potential for a successful career in the sport. Laban MMA provides a starting point for fighters on their career path to become an international pro fighter who can compete and succeed on the world stage.
The Professional Fighters League is a Las Vegas-based company promoting professional events in the sport mixed martial arts. The organization is dedicated to fans and fighters to create the ultimate entertainment experience.
Reign is Brisbane based mixed martial arts (MMA) promotion affiliated with Eternal MMA.
Respect Fighting Championship is a mixed martial arts organization in Germany. It has won the GNP Award for the best German promotion in 2009, 2010, and 2011 Especially noteworthy in this context is that RESPECT.FC has beaten the Ultimate Fighting Championship, who was nominated with their first German based event UFC 99. The events are broadcast by Fightcast.tv, the only HD Fightsport portal in Europe.
The sport of MMA is booming in South Korea, and behind the incredible growth is ROAD FC. As this new era of Mixed Martial Arts begins, ROAD FC is committed to creating more opportunities for fighters in growth, experience, and support.ROAD FC events are held in major cities across Korea – and soon internationally – featuring the most exciting and well-recognized Korean and international MMA fighters.
Royalty Combat LLC, is a Puerto Rican Company dedicated to the promotion of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) events both amateur and professional. Founded in Quebradillas, Puerto Rico in 2014. Our goal is to develop the sport of Mixed Martial Arts in Puerto Rico and create international stars, as well as promoting the best matches that this sport can offer in order to satisfy our fans.
Italy's SLAM FC is an MMA promotion, managed by their CEO, Marco Santi. It has promoted events throughout Italy, where he combines a mixture of nightlife entertainment with combat sports.
They pride themselves on being a true "event" and more than just a fight promotion.
Malaysia's STAND is a kickboxing promotion, founded by Rayner Kinsiong, and sanctioned under ISKA. It has promoted events throughout Borneo that combine the beauty of nature and sport, with events held on beaches, at resorts, and on secluded islands.
They continue to show tremendous growth due to most of their fighters having strong Muay Thai backgrounds, which easily allowed them to adapt to K1 rules.
The advent of Triumph Fighting Championship hails the return of top level MMA to Edmonton, bringing fighters from across Canada and around the world.
Triumph Fighting Championship is focused on interacting with fighters and fans with integrity and respect, providing the fans with an experience not yet seen and fighters with a stage to showcase their talents, and build their own brands through us.
Triumph Fighting Championship is an organization led by Dylan Schiewe, and backed by a team of sales, marketing, and business professionals.
Argentina's Union Latinoamericana de Luchadores de Artes Marciales Profesionales (ULLAMP) currently promoted events under the name Mixed Real World Fighters. It is managed by their President, Martin Gabriel Rodriguez, and their CEO, Marcelo Barreira. They have one of the longest running promotions in the world, having organized events for nearly 20 years in their native Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, and Uruguay. Disciplines go beyond MMA, and also include Sanda, Boxing, and Kickboxing.
UGBMMA is a LICENSEE of WSOF-GC based in the Philippines that gives opportunities to MMA Fighters from all across the globe. UGBMMA was founded by Ferdie Munsayac.
A company formed to provide mixed martial arts events and opportunities for the country's young & upcoming Fighters Globally. With the PRIMARY GOAL to help the young, poverty stricken but SKILLED MMA Fighters develop their craft so that they would be able to provide a BRIGHTER FUTURE. Our advocacy is "BEATING UP POVERTY".
United Combat League is a mixed martial arts organization providing fight fans top of the line professional and amateur MMA events in the Chicagoland area.
West Coast Fighting Championships is a mixed martial arts promotion based out of Sacramento California. Primarily featuring the top fighters from the West Coast of the United States. WCFC established in 2012 and has seen some of the the United Sates best fighters compete for the promotion.
World Series of Fighting Global Championship is an independently managed company focused on the WSOF brand outside the United States. The founders of WSOF Global are also founding partners of one of the largest MMA promotions in the world: World Series of Fighting which is seen in the USA on the NBC Sports Network.
India's Yoddha Fighting Championship was founded by Jitendra Khare, Vicky Tulsani, Chaitanya Gavali & Susovan Ghosh. They are a grassroot-level league that is working to develop Indian talent with an aim to represent Indian MMA at an international level but hosting Mixed Martial Arts open tournaments where amateur fighters compete alongside elite pro fighters in a regulated environment. They have organized various tournaments across India in the cities of Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Dimapur (Nagaland), Bhubaneshwar (Orissa) etc.


text:
- Home
- The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Previous Issues
- Volume 75, Issue 2_suppl, August 2006
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - Volume 75, Issue 2_suppl, August 2006
Volume 75, Issue 2_suppl, August 2006
- Articles
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE IMPACT OF MALARIA VACCINES ON THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA: OVERVIEWPages: 1–10More Less
We report a major project to develop integrated mathematical models for predicting the epidemiologic and economic effects of malaria vaccines both at the individual and population level. The project has developed models of the within-host dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum that have been fitted to parasite density profiles from malariatherapy patients, and simulations of P. falciparum epidemiology fitted to field malariologic datasets from a large ensemble of settings across Africa. The models provide a unique platform for predicting both the short- and long-term effects of malaria vaccines on the burden of disease, allowing for the temporal dynamics of effects on immunity and transmission. We discuss how the models can be used to obtain robust cost-effectiveness estimates for a wide range of malaria vaccines and vaccination delivery strategies in different eco-epidemiologic settings. This paper outlines for a non-mathematical audience the approach we have taken and its underlying rationale.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ENTOMOLOGIC INOCULATION RATE AND THE FORCE OF INFECTION FOR PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIAPages: 11–18More Less
We propose a stochastic model for the relationship between the entomologic inoculation rate (EIR) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria and the force of infection in endemic areas. The model incorporates effects of increased exposure to mosquito bites as a result of the growth in body surface area with the age of the host, naturally acquired pre-erythrocytic immunity, and the reduction in the proportion of entomologically assessed inoculations leading to infection, as the EIR increases. It is fitted to multiple datasets from field studies of the relationship between malaria infection and the EIR. We propose that this model can account for non-monotonic relationships between the age of the host and the parasite prevalence and incidence of disease. It provides a parsimonious explanation for the faster acquisition of natural immunity in adults than in children exposed to high EIRs. This forms one component of a new stochastic model for the entire transmission cycle of P. falciparum that we have derived to estimate the potential epidemiologic impact of malaria vaccines and other malaria control interventions.
A MODEL FOR NATURAL IMMUNITY TO ASEXUAL BLOOD STAGES OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN ENDEMIC AREASPages: 19–31More Less
Most mathematical models for acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum consider effects of immunity on duration of infection and infectiousness, but do not consider the most evident effect of immunity, which is to reduce parasite densities. Few attempts have been made to fit such models to field data. We propose a stochastic simulation model to predict the distributions of P. falciparum parasite densities in endemic areas, in which acquired immunity acts by reducing parasite densities. We have fitted this model to age-specific prevalence and geometric mean densities from settings in Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania. The model appears to reproduce reasonably well the parasitologic patterns seen in malariologic surveys in endemic areas and is appropriate for predicting the impact of interventions such as vaccination in the context of continual exposure to P. falciparum.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HOST INFECTIVITY TO MOSQUITOES AND ASEXUAL PARASITE DENSITY IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUMPages: 32–37More Less
We describe a statistical model for the relationship between asexual parasite densities of Plasmodium falciparum and the infectivity of the host to mosquitoes. The model takes into account the delay between asexual parasitemia and infectivity resulting from the time course of gametocytemia. It also allows for the need for the blood meal to contain gametocytes of both sexes if infection is to take place. We show that by fitting this model to data from malariatherapy patients it can explain observed patterns of infectiousness of the human host and is consistent with distributions of gametocyte densities in malariatherapy patients. By integrating this model into an individual-based simulation of human populations exposed to endemic P. falciparum transmission, we are able to predict the contributions of different host age groups to the infectious reservoir. Comparison of model predictions with published estimates of this quantity confirms that infected adults hosts are likely to make a significant contribution to the reservoir of transmission, and points to the need for improved population-based estimates of this age-dependence in infectivity of humans in endemic areas.
INFECTIOUSNESS OF MALARIA-ENDEMIC HUMAN POPULATIONS TO VECTORSPages: 38–45More Less
Despite its key role in determining the stability and intensity of malaria transmission, the infectiousness of human populations to mosquitoes has rarely been estimated. Field-based analyses of malaria transmission have frequently relied on the prevalence of asexual parasites or gametocytes as proxies for infectiousness. We now summarize empirical data on human infectiousness from Africa and Papua New Guinea. Over a wide range of transmission intensities there is little relationship between the infectiousness of human populations to vector mosquitoes and mosquito-to-human transmission intensity. We compare these data with the predictions of a stochastic simulation model of Plasmodium falciparum epidemiology. This model predicted little variation in the infectiousness of the human population for entomologic inoculation rates (EIRs) greater than approximately 10 infectious bites per year, demonstrating that the lack of relationship between the EIR and the infectious reservoir can be explained without invoking any effects of acquired transmission-blocking immunity. The near absence of field data from areas with an EIR < 10 per year precluded validation of the model predictions for low EIR values. These results suggest that interventions reducing mosquito-to-human transmission will have little or no effect on human infectiousness at the levels of transmission found in most rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Unless very large reductions in transmission can be achieved, measures to prevent mosquito-to-human transmission need to be complemented with interventions that reduce the density or infectiousness of blood stage parasites.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE FIRST WAVE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ASEXUAL PARASITEMIA IN NON-IMMUNE AND VACCINATED INDIVIDUALSPages: 46–55More Less
We present a dynamic model of the highly pathogenic first wave of Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitemia in non-immune persons. The model was successfully fitted to malaria therapy data. This required four case-specific parameters: the basic two-day multiplication factor, the time of onset of adaptive immunity, and the effective dose 50 densities for the innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively. All four parameters show large case-dependent variation that is mainly attributable to host factors. According to the model, the maximum value of the first wave is controlled mainly by the innate immune response. We used the model to explore the expected effects of vaccines targeting the parasite's asexual blood stages on the basis of what we consider to be the biologically most plausible assumptions concerning the parameter modifications induced by vaccination. According to our simulations, the benefit of antiparasitic vaccination is strongly host dependent and vaccine efficacy at low immunogenicity is much larger against severe disease than against fever. This has implications for the early testing of the protective efficacy of a vaccine in humans.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC MODEL OF THE INCIDENCE OF ACUTE ILLNESS IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIAPages: 56–62More Less
We propose a stochastic model for simulating malaria tolerance. The model relates the probability of a clinical attack of malaria to the peripheral parasite densities via a pyrogenic threshold that itself responds dynamically to the parasite load. The parameters of the model have been estimated by fitting it to the relationship between incidence of clinical episodes and the entomologic inoculation rate, using age-specific incidence data from two villages in Senegal and one village in Tanzania. The model reproduces the shifts in age distribution of clinical episodes associated with variation in transmission intensity, and in keeping with the data, predicts a slightly higher lifetime number of episodes in the mesoendemic village of Ndiop than in the holoendemic village of Dielmo. This model provides a parsimonious explanation of counter-intuitive relationships between the overall incidence of clinical malaria and transmission intensity. In contrast to the theory of endemic stability, recently proposed to apply to P. falciparum, it does not assume any intrinsic age dependence in the outcome of infection. This model can be used to explore the consequences for predictions of the effects of different anti-malarial interventions on the incidence of clinical malaria.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC MODEL OF SEVERE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY CAUSED BY PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUMPages: 63–73More Less
The intensity of Plasmodium falciparum transmission has multifarious and sometimes counter-intuitive effects on age-specific rates of severe morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. This has led to conflicting speculations about the likely impact of malaria control interventions. We propose a quantitative framework to reconcile the various apparently contradictory observations relating morbidity and mortality rates to malaria transmission. Our model considers two sub-categories of severe malaria episodes. These comprise episodes with extremely high parasite densities in hosts with little previous exposure, and acute malaria episodes accompanied by co-morbidity or other risk factors enhancing susceptibility. In addition to direct malaria mortality from severe malaria episodes, the model also considers the enhanced risk of indirect mortality following acute episodes accompanied by co-morbidity after the parasites have been cleared. We fit this model to summaries of field data from endemic areas of Africa, and show that it can account for the observed age- and exposure-specific patterns of pediatric severe malaria and malaria-associated mortality in children. This model will allow us to make predictions of the long-term impact of potential malaria interventions. Predictions for children will be more reliable than those for older people because there is a paucity of epidemiologic studies of adults and adolescents.
THE EFFECT OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION INTENSITY ON NEONATAL MORTALITY IN ENDEMIC AREASPages: 74–81More Less
Estimates of the impact of Plasmodium falciparum infections during pregnancy on neonatal mortality have not taken into account how this varies with the level of malaria endemicity and thus do not indicate the possible effects of malaria control strategies that reduce transmission. We now review the relevant literature, and propose a mathematical model for the association between P. falciparum transmission and neonatal death. The excess risk of neonatal mortality in malaria-endemic areas appears to be insensitive to the intensity of P. falciparum transmission over a wide range of endemicity. Moderate reductions in the overall level of malaria transmission in endemic areas are therefore unlikely to significantly reduce neonatal mortality. The magnitude of the excess risk is very uncertain because existing estimates are heavily dependent on the questionable assumption that the effects are mediated by birth weight. Accurate prediction of the impact of malaria control measures targeted at pregnant women requires direct estimates of malaria-attributable neonatal mortality rates.
MODELING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE POPULATION PREVALENCE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA AND ANEMIAPages: 82–89More Less
More than half of all young children and pregnant women are affected by anemia. Although its etiology is multi-factorial, malaria is likely to be a major contributor to chronic anemia in endemic areas. Recent reviews have examined the effect of community-based malaria control interventions on anemia. We analyze how the prevalence of anemia depends on that of Plasmodium falciparum malaria by developing models of the excess risk of anemia caused by malaria at a population level in 24 villages in northeastern Tanzania. In that setting, we estimated that the prevalence of a hemoglobin level < 8 g/dL attributable to malaria was 4.6% in infants, 4.1% in children one year of age, 2.7% in children two years of age, and 3.3% in women of childbearing age. Successful validation of our models in other malaria-endemic settings would enable their use for predicting the impact of malaria control interventions on anemia, and for long-term monitoring and surveillance of malaria.
AN APPROACH TO MODEL THE COSTS AND EFFECTS OF CASE MANAGEMENT OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAPages: 90–103More Less
An important shortcoming of existing methods for estimating the cost-effectiveness of malaria control interventions is that the incidence of illness and transmission dynamics are assumed to be independent of the case management system. We have developed a model for case management and integrated it into a stochastic simulation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria dynamics. This allows us to predict the incidence of clinical episodes and of mortality while incorporating effects of case management on persistence of parasites and transmission. We make predictions for a range of different transmission intensities in sub-Saharan Africa and simulate a range of case management scenarios with different coverage rates. The model predicts that high treatment rates have a proportionately greater epidemiologic impact at low transmission levels. Further development is needed for models for health-seeking behavior and referral patterns. The current model is a first step towards useful predictions of the epidemiologic and economic consequences of introducing and/or scaling-up of malaria control interventions.
MODELING A FIELD TRIAL OF THE RTS,S/AS02A MALARIA VACCINEPages: 104–110More Less
A double-blind, phase IIb, randomized controlled trial of the malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02A showed an efficacy of 45.0% in reducing the force of infection for Plasmodium falciparum and of 29.9% in reducing incidence of clinical malaria in children 1–4 years of age in Manhiça, Mozambique. We simulate this trial using a stochastic model of P. falciparum epidemiology, and the setting-specific seasonal pattern of entomologic inoculations as input. The simulated incidence curve for the control group was comparable with that observed in the trial. To reproduce the observed efficacy in extending time to first infection, the model needed to assume an efficacy of 52% in reducing the force of infection. This bias arises as a result of acquired partial immunity against blood stages, thus suggesting an explanation for the lower efficacy observed in a previous trial in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia. The shape of the incidence of infection curve for the vaccine cohort in Manhiça indicates that the vaccine provides incomplete protection to a large proportion of the vaccinees, rather than offering complete protection to some recipients and none to others. This behavior is compatible with a model of no decay in efficacy over the six-month surveillance period of the trial. The model accurately reproduced the lower efficacy against clinical disease than against infection. In the simulations this finding resulted from loss of acquired clinical immunity as a result of a reduction in the force of infection in the vaccinated cohort. The model also predicted greater efficacy against severe diseases than against clinical disease. The success of the simulation model in reproducing the results of the Manhiça trial encourages us to apply the same model to predict the potential public health and economic impact if RTS,S/AS02A were to be introduced into the existing expanded program on immunization.
PREDICTIONS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC IMPACT OF INTRODUCING A PRE-ERYTHROCYTIC VACCINE INTO THE EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAPages: 111–118More Less
We predict the effects of introduction of a pre-erythrocytic vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum into a malaria-endemic population in Africa. We use a stochastic simulation model that includes components of transmission, parasitology, and clinical epidemiology of malaria and was validated using the results of field trials of the RTS,S/AS02A vaccine. The results suggest that vaccines with efficacy similar to that of RTS,S/AS02A have a substantial impact on malaria morbidity and mortality during the first decade after their introduction, but have negligible effects on malaria transmission at levels of endemicity typical for sub-Saharan Africa. The main benefits result from prevention of morbidity and mortality in the first years of life. Vaccines with very short half-life or low efficacy may have little overall effect on incidence of severe malaria. A similar approach can be used to make predictions for other strategies for deployment of the vaccine and to other types of malaria vaccines and interventions.
THE COSTS OF INTRODUCING A MALARIA VACCINE THROUGH THE EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION IN TANZANIAPages: 119–130More Less
This report presents an approach to costing the delivery of a malaria vaccine through the expanded program on immunization (EPI), and presents the predicted cost per dose delivered and cost per fully immunized child (FIC) in Tanzania, which are key inputs to the cost-effectiveness analysis. The costs included in the analysis are those related to the purchase of the vaccine taking into account the wastage rate; the costs of distributing and storing the vaccine at central, zonal, district, and facility level; those of managing the vaccination program; the costs of delivery at facility level (including personnel, syringes, safety boxes, and waste management); and those of additional training of EPI personnel and of social mobilization activities. The average cost per FIC increases almost linearly from US$4.2 per FIC at a vaccine price of US$1 per dose to US$31.2 at vaccine price of US$10 per dose. The marginal cost is approximately 5% less than the average cost. Although the vaccine price still determines most of the total delivery costs, the analysis shows that other costs are relevant and should be taken into account before marketing the vaccine and planning its inclusion into the EPI.
PREDICTING THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRODUCING A PRE-ERYTHROCYTIC MALARIA VACCINE INTO THE EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION IN TANZANIAPages: 131–143More Less
We model the cost-effectiveness of the introduction of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the Expanded Program on Immunization. We use a dynamic stochastic simulation model of the epidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum in malaria-endemic areas and of case management in Tanzania. We consider a range of vaccine characteristics and a range of transmission settings. At low vaccine prices, the cost-effectiveness of such vaccines may be similar to that of other established preventative and curative interventions against malaria. The cost-effectiveness ratio increases rapidly and approximately linearly with vaccine cost per dose. The approach can be adopted for comparative analyses of the cost effectiveness of different vaccines and other intervention strategies.
Volumes & issues
Volume 103 (2020)
Volume 102 (2020)
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Volume 99 (2018)
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Volume 97 (2017)
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Volume 95 ([2016, 2017])
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Volume 93 (2015)
Volume 92 (2015)
Volume 91 (2014)
Volume 90 (2014)
Volume 89 (2013)
Volume 88 (2013)
Volume 87 (2012)
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iFly Indoor Skydiving Is a Fun Flight Alternative During a Pandemic
After a bit of flailing, I struck a stable superwoman pose. It really felt like I was flying, just without the scenery.
Ever the adventurer, I'd planned on going skydiving for my 18th birthday—but it never happened, likely due to a lack of funds and people willing to join me. This year for my solar return, I got lucky enough to try out iFly Minneapolis in Minnetonka, an indoor skydiving franchise with more than 80 locations in the U.S., Canada, Brazil, France, New Zealand, Australia, Great Britain, China and Singapore.
My husband, Luke, and I donned masks and had our temperatures scanned upon arriving, then got fitted for jumpsuits and helmets. Our instructor, Megan, joked it was her first day—which it technically was, since we were her first rookie flyers after the chain reopened following its pandemic shutdown. Since opening its first iFly location in Orlando in 1998, the wind tunnel franchise has flown more than 10 million people. People of any age can participate as long as they're physically able, but the weight limit is 300 pounds.
Megan showed us a cheesy intro video and taught us hand signals, since the 150-mph wind in the tunnel would make it a bit hard to hear. If she held up a peace sign, that meant to straighten our legs, which would move us forward. If she bent her two fingers like bunny ears, that meant bend our legs, which moved us backwards.
On my turn, I semi-confidently fell into the vertical wind chamber, where Megan was standing to grab onto my suit so I didn't fly up too high or into the glass walls. After a bit of flailing, I struck a stable superwoman pose with my chin up, and Megan was able to let go of me for a couple seconds during my first 60-second flight. It really felt like I was flying, just without the scenery. Simply tilting my hands one way or the other caused me to spin. On my second flight, I pointed upwards to signal that I wanted to pay the $20 extra for Megan to take me flying to the top of the chamber. We socially distanced from a professional skydiver and a teenage gymnast, the only other customers trading off in the tunnel with us. Their iFly instructors showed off with incredible flips and tricks like spinning around head first through the tunnel and bouncing off the net at the bottom.
Two 60-second turns in a wind tunnel for $70 seemed pretty steep, but the training from instructors and equipment was included, plus the incredible feeling of flying was worth it for us. Overall, I appreciated this fun alternative to diving out of a plane with an instructor strapped to my back.
The brand, which describes itself as "the world's leading wind tunnel designer," called its first wind tunnel Generation 1, and it's already working on Generation 9. The vertical chambers have progressively become eco-friendlier, requiring less than a third of the power of a horizontal wind tunnel at the same speed. Four fans at the top of the tunnel draw outside air (great ventilation during COVID-19) through the chamber and drive it through the return towers while cooling the air. A contractor at the bottom compresses and speeds up the air before it re-enters the flight chamber. On their website, iFly expects franchisees to spend between $15,000-$25,000 on maintenance for their tunnels in a normal year.
Labeled an extreme sport, "not a ride," there are different levels you can achieve with your instructor each time you return, with iFly competitions to look forward to if you get really good. Freestyle, dynamic and vertical formation skydiving are just a few of the ways competitive flyers can show off. Return flyers also get a discount if they buy a package on site, so Luke and I each purchased four more minutes for $60. But that's not for everyone—some customers simply come in to try it once and flail around.
The initial investment for an iFly franchise ranges from $2 million to $10 million.


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Hello fellow crossword enthusiasts. On this page you may find the answer for LA Times Daily Crossword clue "What dogs do to set a tempo?" published on January 17 2020. If you think this answer is not correct you can leave a comment and we will do our best to help.
Answer: BARKTIME
Already solved What dogs do to set a tempo?? Go back to LA Times and see the other crossword clues for January 17 2020.


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More than 150 people attended a celebration for Gerald Stern at the Neue Galerie in New York City in October, highlighting his poetry and the publication of Stealing History. In eighty-four short, intermingling essays, Stern moves nimbly between the past and the present, the personal and the philosophical, making Stealing History unlike any book you've ever read. Picture by Star Black. See more.
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Review | Skinny Girl Diet
Skinny Girl Diet, Power Lunches, London
There's not so much a buzz about Skinny Girl Diet as a low rumble, building up to a growl when they plug in and play.
Rewind six months and their lo-fi grrrl-punk power-generator could be heard heating up the Birds Nest DIY pub in Deptford. Rabbits in the spotlight on an un-raised stage: cameras hovered, the crowd crowded and necks craned while Delilah Holliday (guitar & vocals), Ursula Holliday (drums & vocals) and Amelia Cutler (bass & vocals) rewrote the riot act.
Hesitant, yelping, concentrating, grinning – as unsure as the audience what might happen next or which way we'd react – it was a sound that said catch us while you can, whenever you can. Because we're here to stay and gone tomorrow. Because next time you see us we will have changed. Because we sound like the past, yes, and the future, all at once, but our only impulse is to grab a piece of the present.
And then as suddenly as they started – seven songs, maybe eight – it was over, and we staggered away, slightly shocked and awed, to think about what just happened; a little hit of history (well, herstory).
Back to the now and an autumn Thursday finds the girls are skipping night-school, threading down the main Dalston drag, heading for the Power Lunches basement. A hot café/studio venue, a scenester sauna, a Turkish bath with backline. A squall of feedback announces their presence and Skinny Girl Diet are all serene smiles: the LOL before the storm.
The motorik thud of 'Eyes (That Paralyse)' begins the set, kinetic and compelling. Delilah's voice hovers hypnotically over careening fuzz guitar. Sure enough, a string of gigs in London and Brighton since the spring have tightened up their playing immeasurably, and there's a palpable new confidence in their sound, style and attitude. By the time the mood lightens with the sardonic vocal relay of '14' – "you're 16, looking 14, trying to be18!" – the room is theirs.
With audience cheers fighting off the feedback, new song 'Homesick' speeds to a chase before slowing to a crawl. 'Sunburn' follows with creeping bass and shimmering Banshees chords. "You're sunny but you're not warm" is the cryptic refrain. Delilah cradles her retro-red six-string against her baby-doll dress and sings with a steady defiance; Ursula's drumming is urgent, insidious.
After the hardcore surge of 'Douchebag' and 'Wolfpack', the pace slows again for 'Insomnia'. "I used to live in the clouds, then one day I fell out" is Delilah's honeyed lament, but for Amelia it's a whisper back to a scream. Here's life from a North London window, archetypal teenage tristesse.
The crowd demand, and get, an encore. 'Mermaid Veins' is woozy and febrile, a fervid statement of intent. 'I've got mermaid blood in my veins. I'm gonna CHANGE'. Guitars and drums crash to a halt, and they're over and out.
Beyond the media cliché, Riot Grrrl, like punk before it, was never a formula: it blew the doors wide open to shout that anything was possible. Likewise, Skinny Girl Diet are anything but what you expect. Their sound is dark and primal, but without an ounce of gothic pretence; it's a pure sweet menace.
Music this of-itself, this sure of itself, creates its own world whose parameters pull you in alongside, powerless to resist. Skinny Girl Diet are, but are not just, a grunge trio; they are, but aren't just, a shot in the arm for UK Riot Grrrl; they're not just anything. They are an ocean of possibility. Hear them raw.
Kofi Smith
Photographed by Kris Smith for the girls are
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3,462 Posts
#64,421 •
While there is no good time for a set to die, during the pre Super Bowl sales frenzy is fortuitous. TCL 6 series and Sony 900Fs are cheap now. Good luck.Mine was similar. Completely unresponsive right now. Also got the P65 on release. I opened it up and the power board is just fine. Best I can trace it back to is something on the main logic board. Unfortunately, those boards aren't easy to find replacements for. One guy quoted a repair at $600....sigh. time to shop for another TV. One that isn't vizio.


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1 BR In Chester County - Malvern, PA 19355
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Type: 1 Bed / 1.0 Bath Multi-Family Unit
Address: 5473412844 Malvern PA 19355
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xxxxxxxxxx.xxx Listing ID xxx-xxx-xxxx. Rent shown is for an unfurnished unit. Units can be rented as furnished for an additional cost. The lease term for unfurnished rentals is Min one year. Lease term for furnished rentals are Min one month. Discover luxury l... List ID: 389327173 | RealRentals.com


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Savannah Lakes at Meadowlands Golf Club, an exclusive golf course community in the seafood capital of the world, Calabash, NC., offers its residents a tranquil and natural setting that is just minutes to the areas top beaches - Sunset Beach and Ocean Isle Beach. This community features an 18-hole Willard Byrd designed championship golf course on-site, a community club house, outdoor resort style pool, an exercise room with all modern equipment, lounge, walking paths and much more. Life at Savannah Lakes at Meadowlands Golf Club provides the best of both worlds for those looking to relax or stay active through retirement.The location in southern Brunswick County between Wilmington, NC and Myrtle Beach, SC makes Savannah Lakes at Meadowlands Golf Club convenient to many of the Carolina's most famous beaches. And with all of the entertainment and activities right outside your door, it is easy to see why Savannah Lakes at Meadowlands Golf Club would be a perfect fit for the active adult looking for fun, sun, and adventure.
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To live is to learn.... to learn is to grow
Oct 8, 2020, 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM
For nearly half a century, British Columbia has benefited from one of the strongest agricultural land protection systems in the world. This is particularly important in the Fraser Valley. Abbotsford is home to Canada's largest agricultural economy, and produces dozens of crops that support a fresh, local food system and are valued for export around the world. This talk explores the evolution of the Agricultural Land Reserve, including the recent changes to protect farmland from illegal dumping, speculation, and mega-mansion development. Future challenges are explored as well.
Speaker: Lenore Newman, UFV


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With a new album imminent, Eminem has ramped up the excitement levels further this week by releasing a fiery new song and accelerating his campaign against President Donald Trump.
The Detroit rapper will release his ninth studio album Revival next week (15 December), with the latest song from the album, Untouchable, hitting streaming services today.
The punchy six-minute-long track sees a focused Em rapping about the Black Lives Matter movement, police brutality and how 'there have been times where it's been embarrassing to be a white boy'.
Untouchable follows the latest verbal attack launched by Eminem at Trump, who was of course the subject of the rapper's ire in a ferocious freestyle that was recorded for the BET Hip-Hop Awards back in October.
Eminem took on Trump once again in a new feature with Interview magazine, which saw the rapper being interviewed by Elton John.
Telling John that the BET freestyle was something that he was 'definitely very passionate about', Eminem said it was 'about having the right to stand up to oppression'.
'I mean, that's exactly what the people in the military and the people who have given their lives for this country have fought for – for everybody to have a voice and to protest injustices and speak out against s*** that's wrong.
'We're not trying to disrespect the military, we're not trying to disrespect the flag, we're not trying to disrespect our country,' he said. 'But s*** is going on that we want to make you aware of.'
Eminem continued: 'We have a president who does not care about everybody in our country; he is not the president for all of us, he is the president for some of us. He knows what he's doing.
'As long as he's got his base, he does not give a f*** about anybody else in America. But guess what? There's more of us than there are of them.
'I still feel like America is the greatest country to live in. This is my opinion. But we have issues that we need to work on and we need to do better.'
MORE: Eminem and Beyonce team up for new song Walk on Water as he continues to tease new album Revival
MORE: Eminem sent Elton John diamond encrusted sex toys to celebrate his civil partnership