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State of the
City of Belle Isle 2018
Video: Mayor Lydia Pisano presenting the State of the City address
I am honored to present to you our State of the City of Belle Isle. It is hard to believe that we are already in the third quarter of the year. This has been an extremely busy year for myself, your
City Council, the City Manager, staff, Code Enforcement, Public Works, and our police department.
I am very excited to report some initiatives that have been accomplished in the 2017/2018
fiscal year. Street resurfacing in many neighborhoods (many were long overdue) was completed, as was the much needed sidewalk repairs. A forensic audit and a transportation master plan have also been completed. The NAV Board (Navigation Advisory Board) was asked if they would assist with 50% of the funding of a new marine patrol boat, however, it was not approved, so the City did have to proceed with the purchase. Another very exciting accomplishment of which took two years to complete, was a compromise with the Fish & Wildlife Commission, to prohibit duck hunting from 200' of the shoreline. This was a public safety issue for those that reside around the lakes and the coves. You will see the posted signs around the shoreline as a reminder. The City bought Cross Lake Beach, installed new fencing for the Wallace Green Space, Perkins and Venetian Boat Ramps, plus the renovations at Perkins consisting of the dock expansion and a new driveway. Another much needed item was the replacement of the HVAC at Cornerstone Charter Academy.
It is already one year since Hurricane Irma came through. I am proud of the fact that we were
the first city in Central Florida to have our power restored and our debris picked up. Thank you
again to Pete Madison and Tony Agosto and their crews. Just like in Hurricane Matthew, of
which thankfully spared us the year before, they had their equipment methodically placed
throughout the City and ready for a quick deploy to clear our streets. We are still in the process
of being reimbursed from FEMA for approximately 85% of what was actually spent. The City Manager and staff have repaired and replaced infrastructure and equipment that also were long overdue.
Congratulations to our award-winning police department. On August 21st, they received the
Distinguished Rocky Pomerance Excellence in Policing for a Small Agency from the Florida
Police Chief's Association. This award recognized significant improvements in all facets of the
police department, including community involvement, criminal investigations, marine patrol,
traffic enforcement, and employee wellness. Also, Sergeant/Detective Jeremy Millis received
the Florida Police Chief Lee McGehee Police Officer of the Year Award for a Small Agency. He received this award for his demonstrated exceptional achievement, and genuine commitment to his
profession, the agency and the public he serves.
The police department has done a great job in solving crimes, being proactive, and protecting
the safety and wellbeing of our residents, businesses, and schools on the streets and on the
lakes. No one knows your neighborhood better than you. If you see anything suspicious, say
something. Contact the Patrol Phone at 407-947-1680. If it is an emergency or something in
progress, ONLY call 911.
An additional staff person was added to our amazing Public Works Department. They work
hard to keep up the City's infrastructure and cleanliness. When you see them out working, wave and thank them. They are hard workers and are under-recognized for their efforts. A huge thank you to Dwayne and his staff.
Our Code Enforcement Officer has had her work cut out for her with all of the complaints, snipe
signs, and violations. A big thank you to Robyn for her efforts and hard work in keeping the
City in compliance.
As part of our transparency initiative, a part-time social media specialist was hired to keep
you informed of some highlights of the City. Our Council Meetings are also live streamed on the
City's Facebook page, and you can watch them at your leisure. Signs are placed throughout
the City as a reminder. You can also go to the City's website, read the minutes and listen to the
audio of the Council and Planning and Zoning Meetings. There is no reason as to why any
residents would be uninformed on any issues. Please take advantage of these.
On July 24, 2018, we held our annual budget workshop of which held a great discussion for us to come up with some ideas, goals, and priorities in the City, for the next fiscal year of 2018/2019. Priorities included:
1. Annexation
2. Improved Storm Water Drainage
3. Traffic Calming
4. Marine Patrol Enforcement on the Lakes
Another goal item that I had on my list, and has been the topic of many council discussions
was underground utilities. As you know, we have had many power outage issues lately,
throughout the City, that was not weather related, but rather faulty equipment. Duke has been
out replacing equipment and some poles throughout the City. Converting to underground
utilities, if possible, is not something that can be done overnight, and will take years to be
completed. The City Manager has been working with Duke on the equipment change outs and
hopefully looking into underground utilities in the future.
We also discussed cleaning up Hoffner, enhancing the area of the Nela Bridge, special events, landscaping, and traffic issues, especially concerning near the schools, etc.
The traffic at the Wawa parking lot is a huge concern. Cars are going west on Hoffner from Conway and haphazardly cutting across traffic to pull into the parking lot. The City Manager is working on this issue with the Orange County Traffic Division, and we are hoping it will be resolved soon. I am proud and honored to tell you that not only do we have a balanced budget, but the Mil Rate remains the same at 4.4018. I have had a couple of people stop and ask me if we are keeping the Mil Rate the same, and why their property tax bill increased. The answer is that you may have had an increase in the assessed value of your property. You can confirm this on your TRIM Notice, or go to OCPAFL.org, search your address, and click on your Trim Notice. The proposed combined annual operating budget of $11,392,686 is $534,553 more than the current budget of $10,510,333, an increase of about 8%. Our budget is balanced with revenue coming from ad valorem (Property Taxes according to Value) AND non-ad valorem taxes consisting of franchise fees, gas taxes, utility tax, permitting fees, state shared tax receipts; solid waste collection fees; stormwater management fees; reimbursements for law enforcement; development and review fees; and an appropriation from the General Fund balance. There was an increase in garbage fees to $235.00.
The budget has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the City Charter, Section
5.02. It includes details and explanations of proposed budget items as well as a line by line
comparison of the proposed budget and current budget.
The City is very fortunate to have a healthy reserve in the General Fund; however, that reserve
came at the cost of delaying much‐needed infrastructure projects. The reserve is now reduced
because the City Council realized that the City could no longer go without the much‐needed
infrastructure repairs, as they are a priority. With a limited amount of commercial property in the
City, we have to rely on residential property taxes to pay for these projects. Throughout the
FY2018‐19 year, the staff will present additional revenue sources for the Council to approve
that will continue to strengthen our financial condition. The City Manager and Finance Director
will also explore additional grant funding for one–time projects and equipment listed in the
Capital Improvement Projects (CIP). A comprehensive evaluation of the areas must be made to
ensure that any annexation will be beneficial to the City and that the City will be able to provide
the same services as residential properties, thus increasing our revenue with very little expense
for waste removal, infrastructure improvements, fire, and police protection.
I want to personally thank our City Manager, Bob Francis, and our Finance Director Tracy
Richardson for all that they have done in putting this balanced budget together, maintaining
our Mil Rate, enhancing the City's services, and making Belle Isle a better place to live. I also
want to thank our City Clerk, Administrative Assistant Heidi, and the Social
Media Specialist. We are blessed to have such a great team.
The holiday season will be here before we know it. I look forward to seeing everyone at the
Christmas events.
Respectfully submitted,
Lydia Pisano
City of Belle Isle

subset: commoncrawl


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- Ask first. You also Georgetown finding local cum sluts to touch, hug, or kiss your date and Should you feel that a mutual attraction, you need to ask them. The belief that asking first is not desirable, is a sexist myth. The Georgetown PE casual sex asstiant is true. Leaning in and asking is appealing.
The worst thing you could do which will lose her attraction towards you would be to keep bombarding her with messages until she answers. " Why are you not replying? " " Are you really there? " These types of texts subconsciously tell her" I have no other women in my entire life so that I am going to sit on my phone waiting for you to reply because I've nothing better to do" . That does not sound quite appealing does it.
Catch Their Attention Ideally the line should be something to suck them in and make them want to see the remainder of your profile. Think about newspaper headlines and they catch your attention straight away, forcing you to see the remainder of the report.
Whilst a man, should you meet a woman who's attractive, intelligent, sharp, smart and witty, and you start to do all of the correct things that spark up and amplify attraction, then you HAVE TO keep moving forwards, otherwise it is possible to lose in an instant everything you have built up over weeks, and months even. So in essence, if you have managed to make and build a high Georgetown local sluts xxx of tension and sexual energy up on, then you want TO ACT IT ON quickly it social online dating sites just disappear and you'll be left behind in the friend- zone! So as a single man in the dating world, it's critical that you adhere to this golden rule: If you are going to spark feelings of fascination with a woman, then amplify those feelings, then you need to continue to the next level very fast, otherwiseyou're probably going to lose these feelings.
I have seen people give themselves the usernames as they don't realise it's that significant. ( Yes, these are actual members on dating sites) Not the most interesting or attractive I'm sure you'll agree.
A visitor composed in regarding Mr Y's instance. She recommends that we placed ourselves in the partner's footwear and also see whether we like a person attempting to separate our joy. The viewers recommends that Mr Y must take an altruistic method, where he enjoys the lady he enjoys is happy and also well- looked after. I really did not want to agree( an impulse to secure my customer) . . . but after serious reflection, I generated due to the fact that the visitor has a point. The most convenient method for Mr Y to be delighted is to understand that he cares for the kind of dating apps also though she's selected to be with another person. In a method, Mr Y is a martyr who sacrifices his need to be with her, for her joy. Could a man do that if he loves a woman? I make sure he could, but I question she would certainly also discover his sacrifice. Dagger in the Heart Mr Y said he really felt a sharp stabbing discomfort in his heart, when he learnt that the woman he loved had recently located a guy. I claimed, " I recognize that sharp discomfort sensation. " Everybody who has gotten on the edge of shedding a charming companion has actually felt this sharp stabbing pain. If you have not, after that you have actually not enjoyed with all your heart. The more you love a person; the a lot more you appreciate him or her, the higher the sensation of being stabbed in the heart when they betray or cheat your love.
She walks over to the local sluts Hillmond device as well as purchases two tickets before I can state anything. I had intended on acquiring the tickets and also said so and she claimed, " Well, you can acquire dinner. " I stated, " OK, You choose where to eat then. " She claims there are a few dining establishments nearby that she knows of and provides off a sushi place, an Italian dining establishment, an old style restaurant, as well as a couple of rapid food areas. I state they all sound fine as well as I'll go anywhere she wishes to consume. She picks the restaurant.
Dates So what happens on the off chance that you get more than 1offer so far in the same time? What happens on the off probability that you get to be close more than one individual at once? That is probably the thing we are currently paying particular head to. You might go on dates that are diverse and think about for yourself and pick the best individual.
Whether consciously or subconsciously, I believed that she functioned on some sort of affection meter. I imagined that Georgetown local sluts xxx things could occur once her meter was stuffed up from my acts of expressions and service. First, she'd begin to realize just how much I meant to her, and second, she'd realize just how much she depended on me in her entire life. . . and suddenly sexual and romantic attraction would accompany.
Please remember that if it comes to relationship there are no rules as situation and every individual differs. So please consider my advice only as a guideline which you are free to deviate from every time you wish. Take accountability for living the life in the way which makes you most happy. If you do wind up meeting the Georgetown Prince Edward Island local creampie sluts of your party hookers Georgetown Prince Edward Island then I expect an invitation to the wedding and shall of course take all of the credit.
If he has too much to lose A third reason he will not make a pass at you is. By way of instance, he can be married. In this case, you might wish to remind him that you shop in precisely the same grocery she does( " I found at Grace another day. " ) Or mention your upcoming lunch along with his wife's best friend. ( His marriage actually makes him a MUM, or even a Married Useful Male, which is a perfectly acceptable subset of PLUMs, provided that his wives are OK with it.
You'll find yourself, like my niece, yelling and squealing, because things broken, have not worked out the way you'd hoped along with your left hurt and confused. So set until you start driving your dating world into no man's property and get behind the wheel.
You may be amazed to find yourself feeling judgmental. You might even not want your children to real hookers fucking Georgetown together. Online dating graphs! You've discovered some of your own biases and prejudices toward divorce. Bear in mind that your kids finding, and are currently going through the divorce process also may be helpful. Everyone can go through a divorce, as you've learned; it doesn't help persist toward individuals that are currently ending relationships in crucial attitudes.
I wrote to him a series of messages explaining that I am here awaiting him and that I've been celibate for over two and a half a year local sluts. I did not expect any sort of comments because he rarely responds but I needed to take it.
As she waits for a relieve from you in chat, when it's your turn but you didn't, she will be glued. The relief is your answer. So, for a relieve, your ex will wait in this scenario but she'll never receive it. She will start missing you all over again- - you've reactivated her.
So next timeyou're on a date with a man that you warrensburg fuck buddy Riverton MB yourself saying" Really? " Make sure that you do exactly what you need to do, to Georgetown child prostitutes video on and not accept any time wasters. Way set those boundaries, to go girlfriend and step into your place of being enabled! Swine Flu? We heard of what went on with the swine flu which had set off in Mexico and then started to spread throughout different locations. There was as it had taken a number of lives quite the panic that went around. People took measures to protect themselves since they were wearing masks they moved.
Well, the identical thing applies to your own profile. Remove about yourself that might be of no interest to this reader. That means no long- winded explanations about hobbies or your work. Doesn't have to meanyou're a massive bore because your work involves editing journals on the etymology of words derived from Aramaic. It is all in the way you frame it.
Ladies normally like the confident, strong, outbound men. Yet here's a trick- - The majority of guys are faking it. So, you phony it too. Take a deep breath, unwind your body, chin up, shoulders back and also stroll over there like you have the area.
In addition, it gave me a lot to reflect on about myself. Was I in the wrong to allow him? Can I only turned my back on him, could I have been disappointed in him, or in me? He wasn't my problem, and yet for some reason, I decided to make him my issue. However he ended me up. I think this was a definition example of someone who takes advantage.
Btw Steve, can you video chat dear? I would love to see with you, hehe if you would like to chat live I've TF, I've time before I go to work if you want: - - RRB- I do not give personal number as of today, chat today Steve: - RRB- please take care. You know where to contact me: - RRB- we chatted on Filipinocupid but I deleted my profile: - RRB- I wont run off, I am serious. But if you are doubting and don't remember me, we can just stop this: - RRB- let me understand /sorry: - RRB- hehe only message me on TF /download Steve, I'm more on there id like to but you dont speak to me on TF /member /Sahara its ok. If you cant get it done there this has no use: - RRB- ( provocative photograph) Ciara( US) - Professionals If you like, we can see each other in a Skype video call.
To probing, insightful psychological ones( what five things can you not live without? ) . My site was hard, though. I believed it was not.
The runner Twin Flame may take as much time as they need since you learn you can not Georgetown PE big tit hookers porn the Twin Flame dating apps proximity. It's a fuck buddy near 49073 feeling this Twin Flame encounter makes me feel.
You inquire, because me, and you, and the other ladies in our local sluts Cando SK that is sinking would ask such things. But I explain what I've learned about this and can entertain the Devil's Advocate.
Or they'd say, " Oh gee, we fixed another friend up once and they dated for some time and had a falling out and neither one of these speaks to us so we're never doing that again. " I'll still speak to youpersonally, I promise! Or, " There's this friend from work but we just had the company picnic and I noticed he had back hair; I simply don't see you using a back hair man. " I had to agree. In one case I was told, " We all know a guy. . . but you are not permitted to date" Not allowed? My buddies morphed into parents? Everyone they knew was not great enough, a real stuffed shirt, too old, too young, lived a hundred and fifty miles away, bi- polar, never been married( and we think he is gay) . According to my friends, a likely match wasn't for me in their complete collective universe. I tried to puzzle out why I wasn't discovering passive candidates I did daily in recruitment and place my recipes back into the box.
Most of us get comfy. We live in this world's most comfortable times that we have ever been in, and we live in the times. There are more things going on than previously, by way of example, we are ruining more of our surroundings. We have more importantly, more technology, more comfort, and we destroy so many things.


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The classic stripe design in red, white, and blue makes this towel a timeless favorite. The anchor in the center fits ideally with any beach theme. It is the perfect balance of bold and simple.
– 100% Cotton
– Size: 30″x60″ (75×150 cm)
– Weight: 13 ounces (350gr)
– Made in Turkey


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It is our intent to keep you and your colleagues abreast of pertinent developments within the coal industry on a frequent basis.
Accordingly, Coal Forum Headlines is a compilation of daily articles and stories about coal from around the region and the world. Upon reviewing this news stream, if you have suggestions to improve it or make it more useful please let us know. And lastly, please share this with your colleagues and if they have an interest simply have them visit here to receive future editions directly.
North Dakota's largest coal-fired power plant will shut down in 2022 unless new buyer can be found
Bemidji Pioneer
S., said he continues to work on tax credits to make carbon capture and underground storage and enhanced oil and gas recovery more commercially ...
Time for Qld to rekindle its relationship with coal
Palaszczuk seems intent on cosying up to the renewables crowd while giving the coal industry the cold shoulder. Hogsback reckons it is about time ...
Steam Coal Market 2020 | Growth Drivers, Challenges, Trends, Market Dynamics and Forecast to ...
Cole of Duty
The report includes the latest coverage of the impact of COVID-19 on the Steam Coal industry. The incidence has affected nearly every aspect of the ...
WEBINAR: The hidden value of digital transformation in coal mining
World Coal
... in your web browser. Skip to main content. World Coal · Home · Events; WEBINAR: The hidden value of digital transformation in coal mining ...
Coal Producer to Build $50M Barge Load-Out Facility
Powder Bulk Solids
... facility in Walker County, AL to support its coal mining operation near Tuscaloosa, the Alabama Department of Commerce announced Monday.
China coal imports in April increase 35 per cent from a year earlier
The CMPFO covers employees of Coal India, Singareni Collieries, mining division of DVC, coal mining workers of Sail, Jindal Steel & Power, Jindal ...
Kentucky coal miner gives thoughts on coronavirus
The Trail Blazer
One in 5 coal miners in the central Appalachian region are "disproportionally affected with evidence of black lung," according to a 2018 report ...
Coal output unlikely to be scaled down, inventory to substitute fuel import: EY
Outlook India
Coal miners, he said, have so far continued operations in near full capacity, except that the offtake of coal from the collieries on account of reduced ...
Western US coal miners laid off amid drop in electricity use
CASPER, Wyo. (AP) — Three hundred miners and other workers are losing their jobs as the struggling western U.S. coal industry contends with ...
Indiana Coal Company Gets Federal Small Business Loan
Bredhold says lawmakers should focus on helping coal miners transition to other jobs rather than propping up a declining industry. Other states have ...
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September - Earth, Wind & Fire.Gold: 9, Silver: 4, Bronze: 3, Tin/Pewter: 3 = 57 pts.
Wake Me Up When September Ends.Gold: 6, Silver: 5, Bronze: 3, Tin/Pewter: 5 = 50 pts.
September Morn - Neil Diamond.Gold: 2, Silver: 5, Bronze: 7, Tin/Pewter: 5 = 42 pts.
Beach Boys - Keeping the Summer Alive.Gold: 2, Silver: 5, Bronze: 6, Tin/Pewter: 6 = 41 pts.Awww... another week for the Boys in last place. What a shame..
Well done, Cindy.Those scores are in the book.It was the second time around for 'September' by Earth, Wind & Fire.It was the Tin recipient in Jo McGuire's Week 10 of Season V, behind 'If I Fell' (The Beatles) (finished 5th in Gold Play-Off), 'The Warmth of the Sun' (The Beach Boys) (finished 2nd in Gold Play-Off, after coming 1st in both the Silver Play-Off and the Preliminary Final) and 'Build Me Up Buttercup' (The Foundations).Its score that week was a low 34 points and 15.45%.Compare that with this week's 57 and 30.00%.It becomes the third song to win both Gold and Tin in separate weeks here, after 'I Got You Babe' (Sonny & Cher) and 'Leader of the Pack' (The Shangri-Las).'Keepin' the Summer Alive' is only the second track from the album of the same name to be used.The other, 'Goin' On', won a Bronze in Week 21 of Season III, and finished 7th in the Bronze Play-Off (Peter Simpson).'Keepin' the Summer Alive' looks likely for this year's Tin Play-Off.
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- Copyright © 2000 American Society of Plant Physiologists
Pb inhibits plant growth. To study Pb tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa), we screened 229 varieties for Pb tolerance or sensitivity. Three-day-old seedlings were treated for 12 d with 20 μm Pb solution. Based on the dry weight of the root, three Pb-tolerant (var CH-55, var KH-2J, var Kumnung) and three Pb-sensitive (var Aixueru, var C-9491, var Milyang23) rice varieties were selected. The root biomasses of the tolerant varieties were approximately 10-fold higher than those of the sensitive ones. The greatest morphological difference between the two groups was in the growth of the adventitious roots, as tolerant lines were able to develop adventitious roots after 6 d of Pb treatment, whereas sensitive ones did not develop any even after 15 d. The growth of adventitious roots in the tolerant varieties was dependent on a mechanism, whereby Pb was altered to a form that cannot be taken up by the tissue, because (a) the solution in which the tolerant varieties of rice had grown still contained Pb but nevertheless did not affect the root growth of new rice seedlings, and (b) the adventitious roots of tolerant seedlings developed in Pb solution contained little Pb. The oxalate content in the root and root exudate increased upon Pb treatment in the tolerant varieties, whereas the opposite was observed for the sensitive ones. Oxalate added to the growth solution ameliorated the inhibition of root growth by Pb. These results suggest that compounds such as oxalate secreted from the root may reduce the bio-availability of Pb, and that this may constitute an important Pb tolerance mechanism in the tolerant rice varieties studied here.
Pb, one of the heavy metal elements, has become the most important metal pollutant of the environment (Salt et al., 1998) due to the development of modern industries. Pb contamination has resulted from mining and smelting activities, Pb-containing paints, gasoline, and explosives, as well as from the disposal of municipal sewage sludges enriched in Pb (Jackson and Watson, 1977; Levine et al., 1989). Because many of the sources of Pb pollution are indispensable for modern human life, soil contamination with Pb is not likely to decrease in the near future.
Pb is not an essential element for the growth of plants and animals, nor does it participate in the process of cell metabolism. The accumulation of a large amount in living organisms results in serious poisoning. For example, Pb accumulation in the human body damages the brain and the nervous system (Body et al., 1991; Ewers and Schlipköer, 1991). Plants are also poisoned by Pb (Buchauer, 1973; Johnson and Eaton, 1980), and Pb-contaminated soil causes sharp decreases in crop productivity. Pb contamination thus poses a serious problem for agriculture. The primary effect of Pb toxicity in plants is a rapid inhibition of root growth, probably due to the inhibition of cell division in the root tip (Eun et al., 2000). We have shown that Pb-treatment perturbs the alignment of microtubules in a concentration-dependent manner, and that this may, at least in part, contribute to the inhibition of root growth seen in the presence of Pb.
Previous reports have proposed that mechanisms of metal tolerance can be classified into internal tolerance mechanisms in the symplasm and exclusion mechanisms in the apoplasm and at the plasma membrane (Taylor, 1991; Kochian, 1995). The internal tolerance mechanisms immobilize, compartmentalize, or detoxify metals in the symplasm by using metal binding compounds (Hamer, 1986; Rauser, 1990; Hausladen and Alscher, 1993; Grotz et al., 1998). In contrast, the exclusion mechanisms prevent metals from entering or staying in the symplasm and coming in contact with sensitive intracellular sites. For example, Al tolerance is conferred by Al exclusion from the root tip. This has, in several cases, been closely correlated with an increased capacity to release organic acids (Hue et al., 1986) such as citrate (Pellet et al., 1995; Ma et al., 1997), malate (Delhaize et al., 1993; Ryan et al., 1995), and oxalate (Zheng et al., 1998). These acids chelate Al outside the plasma membrane, thereby reducing its uptake.
Despite the significant problem that Pb toxicity poses for agriculture, Pb tolerance mechanisms of plants are to date not well understood. Here we have screened a number of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties for increased resistance to Pb. We show that the tolerant rice varieties can ameliorate Pb toxicity, and we present evidence that suggests oxalate release may contribute to this tolerance in rice.
Identification of Pb-Tolerant and -Sensitive Rice Varieties
We screened 229 rice varieties and cultivars for Pb tolerance and sensitivity at the seedling stage. Pb tolerance or sensitivity was assessed from the dry weight of the root since the most conspicuous effect of Pb was inhibition of root growth (Fig.1A) and development. Measurements of chlorophyll content per gram dry weight (Fig. 1B) correlated with the dry masses of the root. We were able to select three varieties each of Pb-tolerant (var Ch-55, var KH-2J, var Kumnung) and -sensitive (var Aixueru, var Milyang23, var C9491) rice. var Ch-55, var KH-2J, var Kumnung (KN), and var C9491 are weedy rice, whereas var Aixueru (AXR), and var Milyang23 are agricultural cultivars. At the end of the 12-d experimental period in a solution with 20 μm Pb, the roots of the tolerant varieties were approximately 10-fold heavier than those of the sensitive varieties, whereas the shoot biomass did not differ significantly (Fig. 1A). However, despite the lack of effect of Pb on shoot biomass, shoot elongation was inhibited and lateral growth of the internode increased (swelling) in the Pb-sensitive varieties during the 12 d of Pb treatment (Fig.2).
Pattern of Root Growth of Pb-Tolerant and -Sensitive Rice Varieties
For the detailed investigation of the growth response of the root to Pb, we used the tolerant var KN and sensitive var AXR because these seedlings did not differ in their patterns of root growth under control conditions (Figs. 2 and 3). In both varieties, growth of the primary root was inhibited by Pb treatment (Fig. 3A). However, the development of the adventitious roots in the presence of Pb differed strikingly (Fig. 3B), as var KN were able to develop adventitious roots after 6 d of Pb treatment, whereas var AXR failed to do so even after 15 d (Figs. 2 and 3B). Thus, the difference in the root weight of these two varieties after Pb treatment could be largely attributed to the difference in their ability to develop adventitious roots. The other tolerant rice varieties, var CH-55 and var KH-2J, were also able to grow adventitious roots after 6 to 8 d of Pb treatment, whereas the other sensitive rice varieties could not (data not shown), suggesting the general importance of this growth pattern in the mechanism of Pb tolerance.
To test whether adventitious roots and primary roots differed in their sensitivity to Pb, seedlings of the two tolerant varieties, var KN (Fig. 3C) or var KH-2J (data not shown), were transferred to a fresh 20 μm Pb solution for 9 d of Pb treatment after the onset of some adventitious roots. The growth of the adventitious roots stopped immediately after the transfer, but within another 5 to 6 d (from 15 d after the onset of the experiment shown in Fig. 3C) new adventitious roots began developing again (Fig. 3C). This response of adventitious roots of var KN to a fresh Pb solution was strikingly similar to that of the primary roots of the same variety of rice shown in Figure 3B, and thus indicated that adventitious roots did not differ from primary roots in their sensitivity to Pb. Furthermore, it suggested that the Pb solution changed during growth of the resistant varieties and that this change permitted the eventual development of new roots.
Evidence for a Detoxification Mechanism in Pb-Tolerant Rice Varieties
To understand the mechanisms underlying the difference in adventitious root growth between the resistant and sensitive varieties, we first examined whether the growth of the tolerant var KN and sensitive var AXR altered the Pb content in each solution. Approximately 83% Pb added initially was recovered from the growth solution, precipitant in the growth solution, and plant body, in both var KN and var AXR (Fig. 4). Total Pb (solution + precipitant) remaining in the container in which the rice seedlings had grown for 12 d did not differ markedly between the two varieties when measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (which detects both free and bound Pb): 35% and 41% initial Pb levels remained in the var KN and var AXR solutions, respectively (Fig. 4). These levels of Pb, if dissolved, are equivalent to 7 to 8 μm, which should be as effective as 20 μmPb in inhibiting the primary root growth of var KN, as can be postulated from the effects of fresh 5 and 20 μm Pb solutions (Fig. 5). Pb found in the plant body were also similar in the sensitive and tolerant varieties; the total Pb content of the roots and shoots of var KN were similar to those of var AXR (Fig. 4). However, the dry weight of var KN roots was 10 times higher than that of var AXR (Fig. 1), and thus the Pb level per unit of root mass in var KN is one-tenth of that in var AXR.
Thus, despite the presence of toxic levels of Pb in their growth solution, var KN can develop adventitious roots. There are three possible reasons for this. First, var KN is not affected by Pb uptake due to constitutive symplastic tolerance mechanisms. This does not seem likely since growth of primary roots of the var KN seedlings was severely inhibited in fresh Pb solution compared with their controls (Fig. 3). Second, the roots of var KN seedlings may secrete compounds into the solution which transform Pb into a form that is unavailable to the newly growing tissue. This possibility has already been suggested by the experiment described previously where transfer of var KN seedlings after 9 d in the Pb solution to a new Pb solution stopped adventitious root growth until 5 to 6 d later, at which point new adventitious roots began growing again (Fig. 3C). Third, during the 6 d in Pb-containing solution, var KN is able to induce a symplastic tolerance mechanism or a mechanism that allows the newly developing tissue to actively exclude Pb.
If the mechanism of Pb tolerance requires an induction step, new seedlings that have never been exposed to Pb should not be able to grow in the solution containing 7 to 8 μm Pb that remains after growth of a rice strain. In contrast, if Pb is altered to a nonavailable form, then new seedlings should be able to grow in the "aged" solution as well as seedlings adapted over 12 d in the solution. To test these possibilities, we exposed new seedlings to the solution in which different seedlings had previously grown for 12 d. Thus, four varieties of rice seedlings were grown in a 20 μm Pb solution for 12 d, after which they were discarded and 3-d-old seedlings of tolerant var KH-2J were grown in the aged solution for 2 d. It is remarkable that the primary roots of the new var KH-2J seedlings were able to grow in the solutions in which tolerant seedlings had been grown to an extent comparable with growth in the control solution, whereas solutions in which sensitive seedlings had been grown inhibited var KH-2J root growth (Fig. 5). These results support the possibility that the Pb in the solutions in which tolerant varieties of rice had grown become altered into a form not available to the newly developing root.
If resistant var KN is able to grow adventitious roots, as shown in Figure 3, because Pb is converted to an unavailable form after 6 d of growth, then it follows that the adventitious roots of var KN should not absorb as much Pb from the aged solution as the primary root. It has already been shown in a previous experiment that adventitious roots do not differ intrinsically from the primary root in their sensitivity to Pb (Fig. 3C). Pb contents of the Pb-exposed primary root and the adventitious roots that developed 6 d after Pb treatment were both measured after 12 d of Pb treatment using the x-ray fluorescence microprobe in the Pohang synchrotron facility. The Pb content per unit of area in adventitious root was less than 3% of that of the primary root (Fig. 6 ). This result further supports the notion that by the time adventitious roots develop, the Pb in the solution is no longer in a bio-available form.
Oxalate in Relation to Pb Tolerance
The release of organic acids for mitigation of Al toxicity has been previously reported (Hue et al., 1986; Delhaize et al., 1993;Pellet et al., 1995; Ryan et al., 1995; Ma et al., 1997; Zheng et al., 1998), and thus we tested the correlation between Pb tolerance in rice and increased levels of synthesis and excretion of organic acids in the roots. To do this, we measured free organic acid contents in root and root exudates of both the tolerant and sensitive rice varieties using HPLC. The free oxalate content in the exudates and roots was increased by 20 μm Pb treatment in tolerant var KH-2J and var KN but decreased in sensitive var AXR and var C-9491 (TableI). The time course of exuded oxalate (Fig. 7) showed that the free oxalate levels in growth solutions of tolerant varieties were higher than those of the sensitive ones throughout the duration of the experiment, supporting the role of oxalate in Pb tolerance. It is noteworthy that the free oxalate levels in growth solutions of sensitive lines also increased with time of exposure to Pb, which suggests that the sensitive lines were not completely poisoned by 20 μm Pb, and in the long term they may also be able to overcome the toxicity of the Pb solution by secreting oxalate. Citrate and malate levels were below the limits of detection for both Pb-treated and -untreated seedlings. We then tested the effect of exogenously added oxalate on Pb toxicity. Ten micromolars Pb inhibited root elongation of the Pb-sensitive rice var AXR by approximately 80% during 30 h. However, when oxalate was added to the Pb solution, the inhibition of root elongation was ameliorated in an oxalate concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 8).
In this study, we screened 229 rice varieties for plants that are tolerant or sensitive to Pb and investigated the mechanisms of Pb tolerance in the selected plants. Three varieties each of Pb-tolerant and -sensitive rice were selected. When exposed to a solution containing Pb, the root biomasses of the tolerant varieties were higher than those of the sensitive rice varieties because of the ability of the tolerant varieties to develop adventitious roots. Root development in the tolerant varieties was associated with a mechanism that altered the Pb in the solution into a form that could no longer be taken up by newly growing tissue. We suggest that oxalate release may contribute toward this mechanism of Pb detoxification in rice.
The initial indication of Pb toxicity was profound inhibition of root growth, which resulted in a smaller and damaged root system. Both of the tolerant and sensitive rice varieties ceased to elongate their primary roots when placed in a Pb-containing solution (Fig. 3A). Thus the rice varieties were not different in their Pb tolerance at the initial stage of exposure to Pb. However, the tolerant varieties were able to develop adventitious roots 6 d after initiation of Pb treatment, whereas the sensitive varieties did not develop them even after 15 d (Fig. 3B). The major difference between tolerant and sensitive lines was not in their Pb contents (Fig. 4) but in their ability to reduce Pb toxicity in the solution; only tolerant seedlings could alter their growth solution to allow the growth of the primary roots of new seedlings (Fig. 5). Furthermore, the Pb content of the adventitious roots developed 6 d after Pb treatment was only 3% of that of the primary roots that were initially exposed to fresh Pb solution (Fig. 6), suggesting that the tolerant seedlings changed Pb in the solution into a form not available to the newly growing tissue. Induction of mechanisms of symplastic tolerance or active exclusion of Pb in the tolerant rice does not seem strong, because when the tolerant plants that had been grown in Pb to the point of initiation of adventitious root development were placed in a fresh Pb solution, they were not able to continue root growth until 5 to 6 d later (Fig. 3C).
Recent reports have indicated the existence in plants of an Al-resistance mechanism that results in the exclusion of Al from the root apex through the release of Al-binding ligands such as organic acids (Jones, 1998). When these ligands are released into the rhizosphere, they effectively chelate Al+3 and reduce its entry into the root. Furthermore, in several species, including snapbean, maize, wheat, and buckwheat, increased Al resistance is correlated with Al-dependent citrate, malate, or oxalate release (Miyasaka et al., 1991; Delhaize et al., 1993; Basu et al., 1994; Pellet et al., 1995; Zheng et al., 1998). To determine whether our Pb-tolerant rice varieties might have increased levels of synthesis and excretion of organic acids in roots, we measured the free organic acid content of the roots and root exudates of the tolerant and sensitive rice varieties by HPLC. Upon 6 d of 20 μmPb treatment, the oxalic acid content in exudates and roots was increased in tolerant varieties but decreased in sensitive varieties, compared with their non-treated controls (Table I). Moreover, free oxalate contents in exudates of both tolerant and sensitive varieties increased with time of Pb treatment throughout the experiment (Fig. 7), supporting its role in detoxification of Pb in the growth solution. Rice roots have been reported to be able to synthesize oxalate via the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate and then oxidation of glyoxylate (Kumazawa, 1985). Although element analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer showed that the precipitant formed in the solution in which tolerant variety of rice had been grown was enriched with Pb (data not shown), we were unable to identify the precipitant as the oxalate-Pb complex because it was insoluble in both water and organic solvents. We were, however, able to show a mitigating effect of exogenous oxalate on Pb toxicity. When oxalate was added to the Pb solution at Pb:oxalate ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5, the inhibition of root elongation of a sensitive variety was ameliorated in an oxalate dose-dependent manner (Fig. 8). Thus, we propose that tolerant rice varieties up-regulated the synthesis and secretion of oxalate, a compound that precipitates Pb, thereby reduced Pb uptake by the roots.
To our knowledge, this study is the first report identifying rice varieties that are highly tolerant to Pb. Isolation of such tolerant and sensitive rice varieties may permit the characterization of novel Pb tolerance mechanisms. In addition, the identification of Pb-tolerant rice varieties may permit the isolation of those genes responsible for tolerance.
Plant Culture and Identification of Pb-Tolerant and -Sensitive Rice Varieties
Seeds of a number of rice (Oryza sativa, six agricultural cultivars, 205 weedy rice, and 18 wild-type rice) varieties, collected and maintained by Wild Crop Germplasma Bank (College of Natural Resources, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea), were soaked in distilled water in the dark at 37°C for 2 d and then germinated on a plastic screen floating on distilled water at 26°C for 4 d. After 3 d, 10 seedlings from each strain were transferred to a paper cup (7-cm diameter), containing 140 mL of 20 μm Pb(NO3)2 (or water alone as a control). After 12 d of growth in a greenhouse, the seedlings were separated into roots and shoots and oven dried at 70°C for 2 d. The weight of the dry parts was used to assess the Pb tolerance or sensitivity of the rice varieties. Tolerance was also assessed from the chlorophyll content in the shoots, which was assayed according to the method of Lichtenthaler and Wellburn (1983).
Determination of Pb Content in Plant Material
Plants were rinsed with 1 mm citrate for 30 min at 4°C to remove surface Pb, then separated into shoots and roots, and oven dried at 70°C for 2 d. The samples were digested in glass tubes containing 5 mL of concentrated HNO3 placed in a heat block at 100°C until the solution became clear. The sample volumes were raised to 10 mL with distilled water. The concentration of total Pb in the tissues was measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer (model SpectrAA-800, Varian, Palo Alto, CA).
For the comparison of Pb content in primary and adventitious roots, we used the 1B2 beam line at the Pohang Light Source (Pohang, Korea), which has XRF facilities with a critical energy of 4.8 keV at 2.4 GeV as described (Eun et al., 2000). Unlike the atomic absorption spectrometer, the XRF makes it possible to depict elements in specific areas of hydrated, unprocessed biological samples, thus reducing experimental steps and providing improved spatial resolution (Iida and Gohshi, 1991). After Pb treatment and the ensuing desorption, whole roots were mounted on the acrylic plate, and Pb content was measured by line scanning every 100 μm across the long axis of the seedlings using a white beam through a pinhole of 30 μm × 30 μm.
Examination of Pb Detoxification by Rice Seedlings
To test if the mechanism of Pb tolerance involves an alteration of the growth solution by the tolerant varieties, tolerant (var KH-2J, var KN) and sensitive (var AXR, var C9) varieties of rice seedlings were grown separately in 140 mL of the 20-μm Pb solution for 12 d, then discarded, after which 3-d-old var KH-2J seedlings were grown for 2 d in the aged solutions in which four different varieties had been grown. Root lengths of var KH-2J seedlings were measured before and after growth in the aged solutions.
Measurement in Vitro of the Effect of Oxalate on Pb Toxicity
Effects of oxalate were assayed using 3-d-old seedlings of Pb-sensitive var AXU in solutions containing different Pb:oxalate ratios, namely 1:0, 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. A control without any added chemicals was also included for comparison. The pH of each Pb oxalate solution was adjusted to 6.3. Root length was measured before and after 30 h of treatment.
Determination of Organic Acid Levels in Roots and Root Exudates
For analysis of organic acid contents in roots, seedlings were rinsed in distilled water, their roots were harvested, and ground in 5 mL of 60% (v/v) ethanol. Cellular debris was pelleted, the supernatant collected, and the pellet resuspended in 95% (v/v) ethanol. The debris was pelleted again and the supernatant was collected and combined with the first supernatant. The samples were then dried under vacuum and resuspended in distilled water. For analysis of organic acid contents in root exudates, the solutions in which the seedlings grew were concentrated to dryness withn-buthanol in a rotary evaporator (37°C). The samples were passed through a octadecylsilane cartridge column (Waters, Milford, MA). Organic acids were eluted by 50% (v/v) methanol, and the eluate was concentrated to dryness in a rotary evaporator. The residue was redissolved in distilled water. The concentration of organic acids was analyzed by HPLC (Coppola and Starr, 1986). Identification of organic acids in roots and exudates was achieved by comparison of retention times with those of authentic organic acid standards (Sigma, St. Louis). Quantification was based on standard curves generated from peak integration.
We thank Drs. H.L. Gorton and S.-O. Eun and Ms. J.-U. Hwang for critically reading the manuscript. We also thank Ms. E.J. Choi for technical assistance.
↵1 This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning (no. 98–N1–03–02–A–05) and Pohang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Experiments at Pohang Light Source were supported in part by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea.
↵* Corresponding author; e-mail ylee{at}postech.ac.kr; fax 82–54–279–2199.
- Received April 18, 2000.
- Accepted July 25, 2000.


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Dave's Cards Puzzle 1.0.0 Dave's Cards Puzzle is just a simple (One Level) puzzle written for WinXP. Will it work on other Windows platforms?...Very Possible. We do our best to write all of our software based on the Microsoft Architecture. Did someone say: "One Level ?"....Yep! Not a platformer; Not a game; Just a Puzzle. When you download the puzzle you will be given two options: Optimized for a 1024 X 768 display OR: Optimized for a 800 X 600 display. Either way, the puzzle is exactly the same. They both run off of the same game engine that we wrote. It is just the visuals that will be different. Now...Let's just get to the puzzle! The directions aren't complicated. The graphics aren't complicated. You won't have to LEARN when to click, like in an arcade game. You just have to solve this One Level Puzzle. The Explaination is simple. The graphics are simple. The puzzle looks simple. One Screen....One Level...One Puzzle............... Hee, hee......Can You Solve it???
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Preparing for Tax Season
Orchestrating a successful tax season begins long before the IRS starts accepting returns at the end of January. There are dozens of tasks that need doing in order to prepare for tax season, from stocking the materials closet to hiring any extra help you might need. Here are a few less obvious things you might add to your pre-tax season preparation list.
Audit Your Process
Chances are you've probably prepared enough tax returns that you have the the process down to a science. You know what you need to do to get the job done, but that doesn't mean everyone on your team does. It also doesn't mean that your working pace isn't getting slowed down by tedious tasks such as delegating work, holding meetings, and checking the statuses of different projects.
Do you want to avoid all that and save yourself a bunch of time next tax season? It's time for you to do a process audit. Once you optimize your processes for completing casework, you'll be able to get more work done, and projects will run more smoothly. Plus, it will take the guesswork out of your daily workload.
Read more about why you should audit your process right here.
Offer Tax Planning Early
Your clients will really benefit from having a planning session about lowering their taxable income by implementing year-end strategies. For example, some business owners don't know that they can choose to delay billing for certain work or services done late in the year. That way, they receive the payment in the following year, thus lowering their tax liability for that current year. Without your help, your clients are likely unaware of these and many other actions they can take toward the end of the year.
Tax planning is a year-round activity where you can work with your clients to make plans and get organized. By getting helping your clients plan early, you'll give them the tools they need to be far more prepared when tax season rolls around.
"Tax laws are constantly changing, but many people don't actually know how those changes will affect them."
Help your clients understand which tax laws apply to them.
Tax laws are constantly changing, but many people don't actually know how those changes will affect them. You know that the vast majority of the new rules won't drastically change most people's taxes, but your clients may not. A short email with a simple explanation and timeline of any new changes will help your clients enter this tax season with less anxiety.
Make it easy for clients to get you what you need.
Preparing a return can require stacks of paperwork—stacks that show up on your desk too often as a shoebox stuffed with unorganized papers. Simplify the whole process by making good use of a client portal. Your clients will love that they don't have to make multiple trips to your office because they forgot an envelope full of random receipts, and you'll love that you can finally stop dealing with the notorious shoebox.
Help clients decide if they need to itemize.
This will save you and many of your clients a whole bunch of time. Even if you don't do a full tax planning for a client, you should at least help them determine in advance whether they'll need to itemize or not. If your clients know ahead of time that they don't need to itemize this tax season, then they don't have to spend hours stressing about where they misplaced that one receipt they're sure they still have somewhere. And you don't have to wait on that mystery receipt.
Of course, the converse is also true. If a client is better off itemizing and they don't realize it yet, you can save both you and them a boatload of stress by giving them the time they need to prepare.
Encourage your clients to file early.
Filing early in the season does three important things:
- It reduces the stress that accompanies fast-approaching deadlines. Less stress for your client means less stress for you.
- It makes it far less likely that a fraudulent return will be (successfully) filed in your client's name. You can't guarantee that a fraudulent return won't be filed, but you can beat the fraudsters to the punch.
- Filing early means your clients are less likely to be poached by H&R Block or TurboTax. The onslaught of DIY tax ads can be relentless during tax season. Make the effort to get your clients in the door before they decide they're better off going it alone.
Surviving Tax Season
Prepare as you might for the onslaught of tax season, it's still going to hit hard. Remember, even at the height of the busy season, your mental and physical well-being is important. The piles of work start growing immediately and you just don't seem to have enough hours in the day to get everything done (despite working crazy long hours).
Here are three suggestions for reducing your stress during tax season.
Get Some Exercise
Fitting exercise into a busy schedule is difficult year-round, let alone during tax season, but it's a critical part of managing stress and promoting personal wellness. The American Heart Association recommends adults get 150 minutes of exercise per week to stay healthy. That's moderate exercise, not vigorous, meaning you don't have to run 10 miles every day. You just need to step away from your desk and move around a bit.
If you're too strapped for time to do a 30-minute spurt of exercise, break it into 10-15 minute increments throughout the day. You can go on a short walk before work, at lunch, and after work. Recruit a colleague to join if you want to make your walk more social. Plus, an exercise buddy will help hold you accountable. You'll be more likely to get up and go for that walk if someone is waiting on you.
Enjoy Some Fresh Air
Try taking your walks outside if you want to incorporate two stress-reducing techniques into one. Looking at screens all day without break isn't beneficial to anyone's eyes or motivation. If you don't want to take a walk, sit on a bench or some grass and just enjoy a short break before you have to head back into your fluorescent-lit office.
Whether you choose to walk or not, the fresh air will do you a world of good. In fact, getting just 30 minutes of sunshine can provide you with almost all of your daily Vitamin D supply, which helps reduce the risk of many diseases. Plus, the sunshine will make you happier. Research has found that individuals who get more sun show fewer symptoms of depression.
Relax a Little
Along with getting exercise and fresh air, make the time for an activity or two that is for the sole purpose of relaxation. Some tax practices offer massages or yoga. If your practice doesn't, find something else you can do to more fully enjoy your week. This could be as simple as taking the time to stretch between cases, ordering
You won't have a lot of time to relax during the next few weeks, but the time you do take for yourself will significantly help reduce your stress overall.
Recovering from Tax Season
As you well know, the work doesn't simply stop the day after the tax deadline. Deadlines come and go, but there's always more work to be done. So much, in fact, that it's sometimes easy to overlook even important things that need doing after tax season. So we've compiled a list of a few things you should remember to do now that tax season is over.
- Help Your Employees Recover
If you own or manage a tax practice, it's just as important to help your employees recover as it is to recover yourself. You don't necessarily need to do anything elaborate, but there are small things you can do that will go a long way to helping your employees feel like the last few months of hard work and late nights were worth it. Consider allowing some extra time off, finding a way to genuinely recognize your employees' hard work, and even giving your employees thoughtful gifts to show them your appreciation.
- Take a Vacation
If it's possible, you really should take some time off work soon after tax season. Taking a vacation produces all kinds of benefits you probably need after a few months of tax-season stress. Some of the benefits will be no surprise—vacations help improve relationships, ease stress, and increase
short termhappiness. Other benefits may come as more of a surprise—vacations decrease the risk of heart disease, enhance your ability to think and make you more productive when you return to work.
- Fire Up Your Marketing Engine
Tax season is the busiest part of the year for most tax pros, so it's understandable if you let your marketing efforts grow a little stale the last few weeks of tax season. However, marketing isn't the kind of thing that works well if you leave it unattended for very long. Now that tax season is over, it's time to dust off your marketing plan and get back to work on it. Not sure how to revitalize your marketing efforts? That's okay. We created a marketing ebook designed specifically for tax pros. Grab it for free right here.
Working Efficiently During Tax Season
The sweet spot looks and feels a little different for everyone, but everyone has one. The world just kind of melts away and your work comes as naturally as breathing. But that sweet spot can be elusive, especially when you're under a lot of stress. So we put together a few ideas for you to experiment with that can help you get yourself into the zone.
Use a starting ritual.
Rituals aren't just for church. A ritual is essentially nothing more than a set of actions or words a person uses to put them in a certain frame of mind. You see this often in sports. This is exactly what baseball players are doing when they tap their own pattern on the plate and dig in their feet just so when they come up to bat. The same with basketball players bouncing the ball in a specific pattern before taking a free-throw shot. The repeated behavior triggers a specific mental state that makes them more likely to be successful in that moment.
You can use the same technique to consistently hit your sweet spot. Your ritual can be anything: making a cup of coffee just the way you like it; arranging your desk until it's perfect; putting headphones on and playing the exact same starting song. As long as you're consistent, you can do whatever works for you.
Control your environment (where you can).
This can be hard when you work in a busy office, but that only makes it more important to exert control where you can. One of the best things you can do is invest in a good pair of headphones to help you block out the distracting sounds of your office. That way you can blast a focus playlist or play some pleasant white noise—whatever helps you focus better.
Find a working rhythm that suits you.
Now that you're buckled in and ready to work, you should just keep going until your eyes are bleeding and you can't stand it anymore, right?
Probably not. Most people can't even go a few hours without needing some sort of break, let alone all day. In fact, most people can't work on a mentally tasking project for more than 20-40 minutes before needing a break.
Additionally, it's far easier to mentally commit to 30 minutes of uninterrupted work than to 4 hours of the same. Committing to 30 minutes of work followed by a five minute break will make you less likely to procrastinate getting started. If you're not sure where to get started, try the Pomodoro technique.
Minimize Meetings
3 Steps to Fewer Meetings
- Have a goal
- Come prepared
- End with an action plan
Have a Goal
The first step to holding more efficient meetings is to clearly communicate your goals from the outset. Will this be a decision meeting or a discussion meeting? State that upfront so that everyone is working toward the same goal. The more specific you can be, the more productive your meeting will be.
Come Prepared
Not only will setting a specific goal help to get everyone on the same page, it will also give the other participants a chance to come prepared with input and ideas. That means that one of the best things you can do as the meeting organizer is to prepare and distribute your specific meeting goal ahead of time. Similarly, if you've been invited to a meeting, you can help make that meeting more productive by taking the time to do a little research and thinking about how best to participate.
End With an Action Plan
The efficiency of your meetings is only as good as the actions those meetings lead to. Rather than going back to your desk to figure out how best to apply the revelations of your latest super-meeting, take a few minutes at the end of each meeting to discuss what comes next—important deadlines, task assignments, follow-up meetings, etc. By taking the time to make specific plans going forward, you will help ensure that the time you just spent in a meeting wasn't wasted and that everyone is aligned on the takeaways.
Add More Value to Your Clients
Tax season is hectic, and the temptation is strong to use last year's return as a template. After all, if the client didn't have any life-changing events last year—if they didn't start a new business, didn't have a baby, didn't get married (or divorced)—having comparable tax outcomes should be expected, right?
Don't give in to that temptation. Take a minute to really examine your client's situation and see what you can do to add value. Just because you (or the client's previous preparer) did things a certain way last year doesn't mean you should do them the same way this year. The best tax pros are those who don't see themselves as just tax preparers. They see themselves as tax consultants and work hard to develop a relationship as a trusted advisor to their clients.
If you want to position yourself as a consultant (instead of just a preparer), there are two things you need to do every time you prepare a return. First, double check your client's return to see if there are any opportunities you may have overlooked. Second, tax season is a great opportunity to start a conversation with your client about the changes that will affect your client next year. This changes a rearview tax interview into a forward facing planning session and encourages your clients to keep you updated as changes occur.


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Charles V. Edmond Jr. M.D., FACS
Dr. Charles V. Edmond received his undergraduate degree at the University of Texas at San Antonio and is a honor graduate of Southwestern Medical School at Dallas. He completed his internship at Tripler Hospital in Honolulu Hawaii and his residency at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington D. C. Following residency, Dr. Edmond spent…
Meet Charles V. Edmond Jr.
Meet Charles V. Edmond Jr.
Wayne J. Harsha, M.D.
Dr. Wayne J. Harsha was raised in a rural South Carolina cotton-mill town. He received his Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Furman University with Cum Laude honors. From there, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the United States Army through the Reserve Officer's Training Corps before completing medical school at the Medical…
Meet Wayne J. Harsha
Meet Wayne J. Harsha
Vivian Yu, M.D.
Dr. Vivian Yu graduated from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. After her internship and residency at the University of Minnesota, she became board certificated with the American Board of Otolaryngology. She also completed a year of fellowship in Massachusetts. Dr. Yu believes in empowering patients to understand their medical problems, so they…
Meet Vivian Yu
Meet Vivian Yu
Douglas D. Backous, M.D., FACS
Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery Dr. Douglas Backous is a board-certified Neurologist specializing in treating conditions of the ear and skull base. He attended Seattle Pacific University before graduating from the University of Washington School of Medicine in 1989. He completed his internship and residency in Otolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery at Baylor College of…
Meet Douglas D. Backous
Meet Douglas D. Backous
Namou Kim, M.D.
Dr. Namou Kim graduated from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1998 and completed a residency in otolaryngology at the same institution in 2003. He then completed a head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery fellowship at the Mayo Clinic under the tutelage of Dr. Richard Hayden. After his fellowship, Dr. Kim was…
Meet Namou Kim
Meet Namou Kim
Greg Davis, M.D.
Dr. Greg Davis is an otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat surgeon) who sub-specializes in rhinology, the medical and surgical treatment of nose, sinus and skull base disorders. He has received several awards for excellence in patient care including "Top Doc" Award from Seattle Met Magazine for years 2011-2019, the American Academy of Otolaryngology's "Honors Award"…
Meet Greg Davis
Meet Greg Davis


text: Medal of Honor Warfighter Gameplay Trailer Tom April 12, 2012 Gaming, Gaming Clips [youtube id="T5MtlQlQUM8″ width="600″ height="350″] The first gameplay trailer for EA's new entry into the Medal of Honor series "Medal of Honor Warfighter" has hit the web and it looks like Battlefield 3… Don't get me wrong, I like how Battlefield 3 looks, that's actually the reason I purchased the game, but I stopped playing it after about a month so I'm not sure I'll be picking up this one right away. I passed on the last Medal of Honor game because I was in on the beta and really didn't care for how the controls felt. I know, I know, it was just a beta and I should have made my decision based on that, but I did… sorry. I'm so used to the controls in the Call of Duty series that it's hard for me to pick up the new FPS games and have fun with them. Ok, that's a lie, I do have fun with them, but for some reason I always keep coming back to the COD series. Maybe I feel bad, maybe it's cause all my friends play COD and not BF, I don't know… either way I can't escape it. So with that being said, Medal of Honor Warfighter looks like a pretty slick game and maybe I'll give the single player a shot once it ends up in the bargain bin, but for now I'll be passing.


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Category Archives: Taylor Martinez
Nebraska Defensive Line Plays far Below Blackshirts' Standards
I wrote on the pages of this blog before the beginning of the 2010 season that Nebraska's biggest concern coming in was the loss of Ndamukong Suh and other key defenders from a 2009 defense that was among the best in the country, https://neeley10.wordpress.com/2010/07/27/suhs-departure-shouldnt-be-lost-in-preseason-qb-discussion/.
But the press glossed over Suh's departure as if we've returned back to the days when Nebraska just reloads.
In three of the past four games we've seen clearly that those days are long gone.
If this is Nebraska's attempt to reload on the defensive line, then the program is out of ammunition.
The Nebraska run defense is horrible — (thank you Captain Obvious).
Junior Jared Crick has underperformed, and the trio of Baker Steinkuhler, Pierre Allen and Cameron Meredith have been a huge letdown.
If Nebraska is going to win titles in 2010 it will be because Bo Pelini and company coached their tails off.
A pretty average Texas team pushed NU's defensive line all over the field, and put pressure on a back seven that struggled to tackle in a 20-13 Nebraska loss in Lincoln.
Saturday on the road at Oklahoma State the Nebraska defense took another step back.
Kendall Hunter rushed for more than 200 yards and OSU made mincemeat of the Nebraska defense in the first half in NU's 51-41 win.
And much has been made about how well Taylor Martinez and the Nebraska offense played against the Cowboys. But Martinez' 400-plus total yards of offense is something that should have been expected against what was a bad defense — so nothing much has changed.
As a friend of mine said after the ugly win against South Dakota State in Lincoln, let's see how Nebraska does against good competition before we say this program is "back."
Nebraska is back, but it's not the badass it was in the '90s.
NU's offensive performance was 'pretty' but it's not much to realistically get excited about. At some point the Nebraska offense is going to have to explode against a team with a good defense.
And the alarm bells should be sounding on this Nebraska defense.
NU's highly touted corner backs Prince Amukamara and Alfonzo Dennard found themselves out of position for much of the first half against OSU.
Talk about putting guys on an island.
They're arguably the best pair of corners in the country, but Nebraska's startling lack of pass rush is hurting this team.
Against Oklahoma State NU coaches rarely called blitzes. This allowed OSU quarterback Brandon Weeden to stand in the pocket in the first half and throw bombs to Justin Blackmon, or hand off to Hunter who made it look easy to get to the second level of the Nebraska defense.
The spin in the Nebraska press Sunday is 'well, Nebraska made stops when it had to.'
That's true, but Nebraska took control of the game in the second half because its offense kept OSU off the field by moving at will against an even worse Cowboy defense.
It wasn't that the NU defensive line strapped it on in the second half, it didn't have to.
Now Missouri comes to Lincoln after knocking off No. 1 Oklahoma in Columbia.
Here's how I see it.
My biggest criticism of undefeated MU to this point has been that the Tigers hadn't really beaten anyone of significance so far — yeah, kinda like Nebraska.
Against OU Missouri proved it is for real.
Unless the Nebraska defense finds religion this week in practice this game could be Missouri's to lose.
The MU offensive line is one of the best I've seen this season. They are experienced and they give quarterback Blaine Gabbert plenty of time to throw. That's bad news for Nebraska.
This doesn't bode well for a Nebraska defensive line that hasn't been able to get a push up front in the games that have mattered.
And surprisingly, the Missouri running game led by Henry Josey, De'Vion Moore and Kendial Lawrence, was potent against the Sooners. They don't line it up and just run right at teams, but with the spread offense teams get lulled into defending five receivers and the next thing you know, boom, they pop off a 30-yard run.
You'd think the Nebraska defense would be better equipped than many teams because it faces NU's spread offense in practice every week. I don't suspect this will matter much this week.
The main reason Nebraska overcame a 12-0 defecit in the second half at Missouri last year to win 27-12, was that Suh never let Gabbert get comfortable in the pocket.
There's not a defensive lineman on the Nebraska roster that will be able to get a push on that MU offensive line.
To make matters worse, NU could be without injured defensive end Piere Allen. Unfortunately it is difficult to blitz Gabbert and that offense because he doesn't hang on to the ball long and is athletic enough to run when things break down.
The case can be made that Nebraska faced the best offense it will see in the regular season against Oklahoma State, and that MU doesn't have anywhere near the same caliber of playmakers on offense as the Cowboys.
But what Nebraska doesn't need at this point in the season is to go up against probably the best offensive line it will face all season.
That's where the game will be lost for NU unless Pelini and company can find a way to pressure Gabbert.
Oddly enough, I think Nebraska would be better off playing this game in Columbia.
NU has been awful at home this season and has proven that no matter how charged the home crowd is, it just isn't a factor that favors Nebraska.
Here's how it will shake out on Saturday.
Nebraska will have to hope its offense continues the momentum it gained this week, because the Blackshirts are in for a long day. Right now, though, the Missouri defense is much improved from last season and playing very well.
I think NU will be able to score on this defense, but I think we're starting to see the unraveling of the Nebraska defense — at least in 2010.
Missouri 31, Nebraska 28
Nebraska's Martinez a Rarity in College Football
At this point in the 2010 season Nebraska's Taylor Martinez is the freshman of the year in college football.
But it may not end there.
Though Denard Robinson at Michigan is getting all the press, Martinez' 241-yard rushing, four-touchdown performance on national television Thursday against Kansas State may have shaken the country wide awake. On Saturday Robinson struggled in Michigan's loss to Michigan State in Ann Arbor — maybe taking Robinson out of the discussion in the Heisman Trophy race.
I think there were a few doubts after Martinez struggled against South Dakota State as to whether the early season success was just a flash in the pan.
Now we know he's just a flash, a total freak of an athlete.
Nebraska's average 35-point margin of victory on the road this season is no fluke. In both games Martinez ripped off several long touchdown runs against KSU and Washington, and in both wins he played like a Heisman candidate.
Yeah, I think he's at least part of the conversation now. It will step up to a fever pitch if Nebraska and Martinez play well and beat Texas in Lincoln Saturday.
The Longhorns are down, but let's face it, Martinez will leap to near the top in the Heisman race if he's able to shred what is still a good and athletic Texas defense.
So far this season Martinez has rushed for 796 yards and passed for 660. At the current pace with seven regular-season games left, Martinez would finish with about 1,800 yards rushing and nearly 1,600 yards passing.
At 3,400 yards of total offense Martinez would turn in the second-best, single-season total offense mark, just behind Joe Ganz' 3,826 yards in 2008. The most amazing part is that Ganz set that record in what was a pass-happy offense — Martinez would likely do it with his feet.
And at this pace, 1,800 yards rushing would put Martinez in the top three all time at Nebraska for most yards rushing in a season — in the same company with Mike Rozier and Ahman Green.
Exciting stuff, but let's keep this in perspective.
Martinez has played only five games for Nebraska and the next four games will be telling — Texas, Oklahoma State, Texas A&M and Missouri, with two of the four in Lincoln. Win those games, win the conference and maybe be in the running for the national title.
There's little doubt that Martinez will only get better, but will he be as good against teams that have athletes?
Nebraska showed just a glimpse of what he can do in the passing game. After putting the Wildcat defense on edge by gouging holes with the zone read, Martinez dropped back to complete a 79-yard touchdown pass to tightend Kyler Reed in the second half.
When Martinez makes good decisions on the zone read and is able to be accurate enough in the passing game to put defenses on their heels, he's lethal.
Sure, Martinez' speed is something not everyday in this game. Even Nebraska Athletic Director Tom Osborne made a comment that Martinez is the fastest player he's ever seen — this coming from a guy not big on cliches and definitely not the master of overstatement.
There's more to it though.
Martinez proved against KSU that opposing defenses have little margin for error. On one particular play Martinez saw the defensive end take one step outside, kept the ball and darted up the middle for one of his many long runs.
In other words, if Martinez is allowed past the line of scrimmage there's a better-than-average chance he'll score from anywhere on the field.
It's a rare sight to see — a freak of nature really.
What's more, teams cannot possibly simulate Martinez' speed in practice, as not even many wide receivers in the college game run a sub-4.4, 40-yard dash.
Nebraska Head Coach Bo Pelini continues to say there's a lot more out there yet for this team, and he's not talking about just winning the north.
With Alabama's loss Saturday to South Carolina, Oregon's less-than-impressive win over Washington State, TCU and Boise State's weak schedules ahead, and an Ohio State team that doesn't exactly knock your socks off, Nebraska's chances at running the table are real.
Pretty much as real as the guy behind center for the Huskers.
Then throw into the mix a Nebraska defense that is getting better each game, the best one-two running back punch in the country in Roy Helu and Rex Burkhead, and there's plenty of reason for Nebraska to strike fear in opponents.
Is Nebraska Back in National Championship Hunt?
Any doubts about how good Nebraska is pretty much vanished on a sunny day in Seattle Saturday. OK, not to mistake this Jake Locker-led Washington team for the same one that came back on Nebraska in Lincoln during a national title run in the '90s, but playing in Seattle is a tough chore no matter what.
What we saw yesterday was a poised redshirt freshman quarterback, a powerful Husker running game and a stingy defense that made the expected top pick in the NFL draft look like an amateur in Nebraska's 56-21 win. This isn't to say it was the perfect game, but it just had the feel of Husker dominance of old.
There was a time in mid '90s when you had no doubt about the outcome everytime Nebraska stepped on the field. You just expected NU to step on the field and call the score.
The biggest question mark heading into Saturday's contest was whether Nebraska's offense was really as good as it seemed in the first two games. Well, against the Huskies it was even better. The penalties virtually disappeared, NU took much better care of the ball, and Bo Pelini's defense continues to show why it is the best unit in college football.
Redshirt freshman Taylor Martinez was the best player on the field Saturday, and if he's not already raising eyebrows on a national scale he should be. Should he be a Heisman Trophy candidate? Not yet, but Martinez' speed continues to garner attention. And most importantly, Martinez didn't flinch once although the noise in Seattle was deafening.
Martinez made big, big plays on national television, on the road in a loud and hostile environment, and he put to rest anymore discussion about who is Nebraska's quarterback for the next four years.
Although Bo played close to the vest about the quarterback spot all through fall camp, there's no way he can make the case that it is a close race between Martinez, Cody Green and Zac Lee.
Pelini wanted to protect his young quarterback — it's the only reason he told the media where to go during fall camp.
Barring injury, Martinez should make a serious run at the Heisman starting in his sophomore season. What's more, the guy is nowhere near being polished as a quarterback. That's what makes the kid so dangerous.
The sky is the limit.
The same goes for the Nebraska football program as a whole.
As history has shown, Pelini's defenses only get better as the season goes on, and this unit already is pretty dang good. The only thing that kept Nebraska from making a run at a national title last season was its offense.
It makes you wonder if coaches could have somehow gotten Martinez ready to play as a true freshman?
Let's not get too carried away here. Washington clearly has one of the worst defenses in the Pac 10 and I thought Locker was a huge letdown in one of the biggest games he's played in awhile. I definitely thought this game would go well into the fourth quarter, but Locker and the Huskies just didn't stack up.
Nebraska's defense is good, but it's time to stop buying into the Locker hype. He's not ready for the NFL.
NU proved it can be a great road team and maybe a national title contender.
That Thursday night game against Kansas State in Manhattan will be a better test for Nebraska. The Wildcats have a formidable running game and are well-coached. Still, you'll be hard pressed to find a tougher road game for Nebraska the rest of the way.
Suddenly the trips to College Station and Stillwater don't seem as daunting. When you combine the running prowess of Rex Burkhead and Roy Helu Jr., along with Martinez and his ability to beat teams throwing as well, it's a no-brainer that this team is built for the road.
Where can Nebraska improve?
Probably the one area is in the deep passing game. Right now Nebraska hasn't had to throw deep because of a staggering running game. To compete for a national title NU will have to show it can hurt teams with the pass.
Defensively, though the defensive line has played well, this unit hasn't dominated every down like it wants. Not to nitpick — it's difficult to find anything wrong with this team.
Then you throw in the play of the special teams led by Alex Henery, and Nebraska has the potential to dominate every game.
Now, if Nebraska can dismantle KSU, Texas A&M and Oklahoma State on the road, and handle Texas in Lincoln, NU will be sitting pretty in the national picture.
Could NU Become too one-Dimensional with Martinez?
Not to complain about a 49-10 win, but Nebraska's performance against Western Kentucky Saturday in Lincoln was a mixed bag.
The comparisons already made between Nebraska freshman quarterback Taylor Martinez and former Heisman Trophy winner Eric Crouch are legitimate.
Sure as shootin' that Martinez looks like Crouch in uniform, has comparable speed and arguably appears to be a little better passer than Crouch.
There is one similarity that should be of concern to coaches and fans alike.
After game one this Nebraska offense has taken on one very similar look to the Crouch-led offenses that went flat in the national championship game in the Rose Bowl against Miami in 2002. In that game Crouch had 176 of Nebraska's 259 total yards. That was Nebraska's offense in a nutshell with Crouch.
If Martinez remains the starter for the rest of the season, it's obvious that he's the guy NU will build the offense around.
This is where Nebraska runs the risk of becoming entirely one dimensional — Martinez right, Martinez left, Martinez on the scramble.
There weren't a lot of weapons around Crouch, and in fact NU's best "threats" at I-back during those years was Dahran Diedrick and Thunder Collins. Neither guy could carry the load like Nebraska I-backs of old.
The good news for Nebraska and Martinez is that Rex Burkhead is emerging as the top I-back.
OK, no mistaking the Western Kentucky defense for Texas, but Burkhead finished with 57 yards rushing on just five carries and a 24-yard touchdown run, along with two receptions for 47 yards. Give the guy 15 carries and the math changes dramatically for the better.
The combination of Burkhead and Martinez clearly appears to be the best way to go for this offense that will be running more often than not.
Following Nebraska's win local media continued to pound home the notion that the quarterback race will be ongoing — good for keeping an intriguing story alive I guess.
I don't buy it.
I know what I saw Saturday. It wasn't much of a quarterback race.
Nebraska is more explosive with Martinez in the lineup. Cody Green and Zac Lee are decent backups, but neither guy has the big-play ability NU needs at the position.
Obviously Bo Pelini wants to keep the QB race ongoing as he does with every position, but it really is Martinez' job to lose at this point.
When you start hearing comparisons to Crouch, and that Martinez is the first Nebraska QB to rush for more than 100 yards in a game since Jammal Lord, it speaks volumes for what this offense needs — a threat, not a game manager, at quarterback.
NU can't go back to the days of the one-man show and have a shot at a national title.
Nebraska needs to find a way to get the ball to receivers Niles Paul and Brandon Kinnie, who combined caught 11 passes against WKU for 151 yards and one touchdown.
Nice numbers. But except for the Paul 33-yard touchdown catch, neither player put fear into the Hilltoppers' defense.
And as has been the case throughout his entire career at Nebraska, Roy Helu Jr. was just kind of there at I-back. He finished the night with 29 yards on five carries and one touchdown.
This was the kind of game Nebraska teams of old would produce two or three 100-yard rushers.
Now, on to the defense.
Pelini was irritated with what he called an "absolute embarrassment" in describing Nebraska's defensive performance. It wasn't as if the Hilltoppers manhandled the NU defensive line, but really it was more a product of playing two inexperienced linebackers as a result of injuries to Will Compton and Sean Fisher.
Communication was a big problem, most evident on a 47-yard touchdown run by Bobby Rainey that was nullified on a fumble. There was a gaping hole in the middle of the Nebraska defense that coaches later said was a result of defenders not being on the same page on the play called from the sideline.
I'm going to beat a dead horse here.
Ndamukong Suh's absense was painfully obvious.
Jared Crick had a so-so performance with six tackles and a jarring hit on WKU quarterback Kawaun Jakes. But Crick, Pierre Allen, Cameron Meredith, Terrence Moore, Baker Steinkuhler and the rest of the defensive line have a long way to go before the trip to Washington in two weeks.
No doubt, this was typical of many opening games for Nebraska.
Things will get better.


text: @MozzyThaMotive x @916drek x @T2OAM brings us an exclusive look at a recent Meet & Greet in Madera, CA. Mozzy & D Rek came out with they peoples and a lot of good weed to smoke. Fans from all over the 559 pulled up and showed they support for the 916 representatives. Fans had a chance to grab Mozzy & D Rek's recent work as well as get their hard copies signed. Event was sponsored by the BananaMan, and his delicous Super Banana OG strain, which everyone got to taste. Make sure you grab D Rek's "Super Banana OG" project out now. And Mozzy's "Fake Famous" project as well. – youngMONC