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The Thirteen Colonies 6th Social Studies Department Hornedo Middle School
OBJECTIVES • Identify the Original Thirteen Colonies and be able to label them on a map. • Know when each colony was founded. • Know the major industries the colony was known for. • Know when each colony became a state.
A Short Timeline of Events The first colonies in North America were along the eastern coast. Settlers from Spain, France, Sweden, Holland, and England claimed land beginning in the 17th century. The struggle for control of this land would continue for more than a hundred years. The first permanent settlement was the English colony at Jamestown, in 1607, now Virginia. The Pilgrims followed in 1620, and set up a colony at Plymouth, now Massachusetts.
As more people arrived in the New World, more disputes arose over territory. Many wars were fought in the 1600s and 1700s. Soon, the two countries with the largest presence were England and France. The two nations fought for control of North America in what Americans call the French and Indian War (1754-1763). England won the war and got control of Canada, as well as keeping control of all the English colonies.
By this time, the English colonies numbered 13. They were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
These American colonists believed that they had a right to govern themselves. They believed that they shouldn't have to pay so much in taxes to England. A conflict began to build. The English response was to isolate the colonies from each other, in hopes that the American people would not pull together as a whole.
England closed the port of Boston entirely. Boston was one of the largest ports in America. Closing it meant that Americans couldn't get food and other goods from England or anywhere else, unless they paid extra. But the punishment of Boston backfired. The Americans pulled together as never before. They took up arms against their English . The result was the Revolutionary War, which ended in American victory.
When the Colonies were Founded • Virginia (1607) • Massachusetts (1620) • New York (1626) • Maryland (1633) • Rhode Island (1636) • Connecticut (1636) • Delaware (1638) • New Hampshire (1638) • North Carolina (1653) • South Carolina (1663) • New Jersey (1664) • Pennsylvania (1682) • Georgia (1732) New Hampshire New York Massachusetts Rhode Island Pennsylvania Connecticut New Jersey Delaware Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Under Spanish rule
The New England Colonies • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Hampshire • Massachusetts
The Middle Colonies • Delaware • New Jersey • New York • Pennsylvania
Farming in the Middle Coloniesalso known as the "breadbasket"
The Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia
13 % of the population in the colonies was of African slaves
Rhode Island • The name came from the Dutch, meaning "red island."
Connecticut • Its name came from an Algonquin word, meaning "beside the long tidal river."
New Hampshire • Named for the "county of Hampshire in England".
Massachusetts • Name came from a tribal word meaning "large hill place."
Delaware • Named for the Delaware tribe and an early governor of Virginia, "Lord de la Warr."
New York . • Named for the "Duke of York."
New Jersey .. • Named for the "Isle of Jersey in England."
Pennsylvania • Named for William Penn and for the Latin word sylvania, meaning "forest".
Virginia • Named for England's Queen Elizabeth I.
Maryland • Named for "Queen Henrietta Maria of England."
North Carolina • Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning "Charles."
South Carolina • Like North Carolina, the name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning "Charles."
Georgia • Named for England's King George II.
Food Supplies The people ate pig, turkey, corn, bread, cornmeal mush, corn bread, rabbit, fish, chickens…
Women's Duties: Smoking Meat Milking Cows Gardening Child Care Sewing Cleaning Weaving Spinning
Men's Duties: Planting Crops Building Fences Butchering Livestock Collecting Wood Construction Fishing
Children Games The children played tag, marbles, hopscotch, hide-and-seek.
School in the Colonies Children were taught Christianity and their parents served as tutors at home. Once they became of age, they went to Europe to continue their studies.
Boston Tea Party • December 16 1773 • A protest against the Tea Act of 1773. • England refused to send 3 shiploads of tea back to England, so colonists dressed up as Indians boarded the ships and tossed the tea into Boston Harbor.
Paul Revere's Ride:"The British are coming,The British are coming!"
Midnight Ride • Paul Revere was a successful silversmith in April 1775. • He rode from Boston to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Sam Adams of the movements of the British Army.
American Revolution • The American Revolution lasted from 1775-1783
The Revolution Ends • The Treaty of Paris was signed in the fall of 1793.


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From BIONICLEsector01
I like to lurk on the specials a lot. I('ll) try to help when/where I can.
Stuff I guess is kinda important
Besides lurking here I attend a high school and write code (usually for school). I'm also kinda involved in my local underground rap scene and run a "umdconfessions" style twitter account for my school at the moment. Other interests besides BIONICLE, Twitter, coding and rap are kendama and yoyos.
[more in the future]

subset: commoncrawl


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Eric Reid, former 49ers free safety who knelt shoulder-to-shoulder with Colin Kaepernick during the national anthem believes his silent protests are the reason he cant find work in the NFL.
Reids contract with the 49ers expired at the end of the 2017 season. The NFLs free agency period began this week. Reid posted the assertion that he is being blackballed or lowballed on his Twitter account, which has become a referendum on the anthem protests:
Reid made the Pro Bowl as a rookie in 2013, intercepting four passes and recovering two fumbles. Last season he also played at linebacker, leading one critic to tweet it was because he was struggling at free safety. To which Reid responded:
Kaepernick hasnt played since 2016. A recent report suggested the Baltimore Ravens were interested in signing him last summer but were dissuaded by a high ranking U.S. military official. Kaepernick recently was seen working out in Houston.
It wasnt until our third preseason game on Aug. 26, 2016, that (Kaepernicks) protest gained national attention, and the backlash against him began, Reid wrote in a New York Times op-ed. Thats when my faith moved me to take action. I looked to James 2:17, which states, Faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead. I knew I needed to stand up for whats right.
A Twitter user sympathized with Reid, criticizing NFL general managers. Reid replied:
In December, Reid foresaw having difficulty receiving an offer.
I would say I understand thats a possibility, he told the New York Daily News. And Im completely fine with it. The things that Ive done, I stand by. Im fine with whatever outcome happens because of that.


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The situation surrounding the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic is evolving rapidly, at Lexus of Barrie we assure you that we are taking steps to continue serving you in a safe and reliable manner. Learn More
We are here for you
We may be in the business of luxury automobiles, but people are our driving force. There is nothing more important than the health and safety of our Guests, employees and community. Although the road ahead might appear uncertain, we will get through this – together. If you are in need of a new Lexus during this time, we are offering increased flexibility to support you whether you are new to Lexus of Barrie or a returning Guest. From our Lexus of Barrie Family to yours, we thank you for your continued support over the years.
No Matter your situation, Lexus of Barrie have a plan to help
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New to Lexus? We are helping where we can.
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For Guests that are new to Lexus of Barrie, we are providing up to a 1% lease and finance rate reduction on all new Lexus models.
Already part of lexus family?
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For current Lexus Owners, we are offering up to a 1.5% Lease and Finance Rate Reduction on all new Lexus models.**
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Down payment and other fees may be due at signing.
At Lexus of Barrie, we cater specifically to our guest's needs. We're proud to be the best Barrie dealership, and enjoy servicing our loyal and exciting community. At our dealership you will find amenities such as a shuttle service, our loaner vehicle program, and even a relaxing service guest lounge with TV, WIFI, refreshments, and work stations for the guest that's on the go.
We do our best to make our guests' lives convenient. At Lexus of Barrie, we go out of our way so you don't have to.
We have friendly and knowledgeable sales and service staff who will provide you with the proper information and advice. We pride ourselves on our professional atmosphere and aim to provide excellent and personalized Guest service. Buy, lease or service your vehicle at Lexus of Barrie and become part of the Lexus family.


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Wouldn't be terrible of me to make a new 900 Lines episode (recycling some of my 100 Lines maps in the process) whilst I'm struggling with The Becoming E2M9 would it? Might anyway, like.


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Checco vive in Puglia e coltiva il sogno di fare il musicista neomelodico. This article related to an Italian comedy film of the s is a stub. Giornata che bella giornata dvdrip ita che bella giornata gratis utorrent che bella giornata hd Hd una bella giornata ma che bella giornata gratis che bello giornata scarica gratis. If you're willing to subscribe to more than one streaming service, and you can live without a few channels or TV shows, then you can stitch together a small collection of apps that get you much of what you give up with cable — most likely for less money. Share this Rating Title: Articles containing Italian-language text All stub articles. When Checco opens the suitcase he discovers a model of a house that conceals the activation mechanism of the bomb. Composta por Checco Zalone.
Che bella giornata cb Condividi su Facebook; La ricerca della felicit – Film Completo. It has almost all of the usual on-demand streaming services Amazon being the most noticeable absence , and it's the flagship device for YouTube TV. This article related to an Italian comedy film of the s is a stub. Cado dalle, Cado dalle nubi torrent trovati per Cast completo del film cado dalle nubi ver pelicula la matanza de texas el origen online gratis. And while you can stream on up to five different devices at once, there's a complex set of rules depending on if you're using a mobile device, PlayStation console, or a streaming box like a Roku or Apple TV.
Interestingly, Hulu does not mention any expiration on these recordings, so it apparently works like the DVR that you'd get from your cable company.
What a Beautiful Day (film) – Wikipedia
Edit Cast Credited cast: Choose your child's school below: Film Completo giornzta web nasce con lo scopo di promuovere la. Farah, with the help of her brother and two other accomplices, plans to place an explosive device at the feet of strwaming Madonnina to avenge the killing of her family in an unspecified bombing.
Il miglior portale per guardare tantissimi Film in Streaming Gratis, Inoltre RobinFilm e aggiornato tutti i giorni con tantissimi nuovi Film in Streaming.
While the base tier limits you to one stream, other packages lets you stream to three devices at once. Gratis che bella giornata dvdrip megavideo che bella giornata dvdrip che bella giornata gratis utorrent. Il film completo Cado dalle nubi dura 95 minuti. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends.
Since Hulu's new service is still in beta, and its pricing scheme is a little complicated, we're sticking with Sling TV for our recommendation, for now. Cado dalle Nubi streaming film senza limiti guardare migliore qualit da PC, desktop o tablet in linea.
Inoltre per ogni film catalogato sono presenti Cado dalle Nubi film streaming completo sub ita gratis. Ita che bella giornata ita gratis scarica film gratis che bello giornata che bella giornata ita dvd. International Film Guide Guarda su Video Mediaset del programma QuiMediaset! Hulu's live TV service is in beta — and the company says to intends to expand the service — so let's give you a quick intro:. Full Cast and Crew. A romantic professor Guido is left by his love – his life seems to be pointless.
Scarica Cado dalle nubi streaming in HD. What streeaming Beautiful Surprise 5. Google also currently offers a generous day trial, while Sling TV gives you seven days and Vue gives you just five.
By the recommendation of the Archbishop of MilanChecco manages to become a security officer at Milan Cathedral. A princess has to pretend to be in love with a rude and ignorant boy to gain approval from compleho subjects.
Farah becomes conflicted by her plan to destroy Milan Cathedral, and by the friendship and kindness shown to her from Checco and his family. And it's available in just a handful of major markets. Films that I have seen.
Cado dalle Nubi
Didn't get invited to any Academy Awards after-parties? Netflix is still definitely worth trying because of original content like Stranger Things and House of Cards, and it does have third-party shows and movies that Hulu does not. There is no do-everything service yet We're not gonna lie, cable TV still isn't easily replaceable. You can tune through your browser or the mobile app, but it's streamable to your TV just through Chromecast.
Guardare film streaming senza limiti completo in italiano, film streaming megavideo. Free una bella giornata zone che bella giornata ita bittorrent una bella giornata ita Dvdrip che bella giornata gratis ita che bella giornata dvdrip streaming che bello giornata film free ayumi hamasaki heaven. What's the best video streaming service? Film gratis Allo stesso zalome accade per i serial. Soap Opera I What a Beautiful Day This page was last edited on 11 Decemberat As part of the package, you get access to all of Hulu's on-demand catalog in addition to live TV.
Couples in trouble cross paths in this bittersweet comedy. When Checco opens the suitcase he discovers a model of a house checcp conceals the activation mechanism of the bomb.
Guarda Cado dalle nubi In Streaming. Checco zalone cado dalle nubi zalonne 1 gokuss. Condividi su Facebook; La ricerca della felicit – Film Completo. Cado dalle nubi un film del diretto da Gennaro Nunziante, e interpretato da Checco Zalone. And while you can aalone on up to five different devices at once, there's a complex set of rules depending on if you're using a mobile device, PlayStation console, or a streaming box like a Roku or Apple TV.


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Buffalo Thunder Resort and Casino, Santa Fe, NM
New Mexico
Date: 2012
Buffalo Thunder Resorts to Colorseal to Replace Precured, Colored Joint
The Problem: The photo on the left is a view looking down an expansion joint from a boom lift. In our opinion, the product, installation instruction and/or installation as performed has led to a failure in the joint at the bond line.
The product is an old concept given a new lease on "life" in recent years under private label.
Whether in its original or rebranded form, "pre-cured caulk and backerblock" systems suffer the same shortcoming — tension. Tension at the bond line and between the liquid sealant and pre-cured sealant down the middle.
Like other systems that exhibit adhesion in tension (the weakest way to use an adhesive), this product and/or its installation may be prone to failure when the joint opens during thermal changes.
The Solution: Colorseal–The genuine and original hybrid, pre-compressed, impregnated foam and silicone, tensionless sealant system from EMSEAL.
Installed by the capable hands of an SWRI-and-EMSEAL-trained contractor, in this case the George D. Alan Company, lasting and trouble free expansion joints are possible.
The first length of Colorseal is installed showing its flexibility and versatility in following contours.
It's not likely that this intersecting wall was designed to interrupt the vertical run of the structural expansion joint, but it is nice to know there is a product that can handle field-created conditions like this.
The next length of Colorseal is installed and joined to the previously installed length. The join is made with a bead of EMSEAL-supplied, matching silicone applied along the joining faces of the factory-cured, silicone bellows.
Excess silicone that squeezes from the join is tooled away and blended into the factory-formed bellows to ensure freedom of movement.
A close-up of the Colorseal through the jog at the intersecting wall shows the material fully expanded under its own backpressure to completely seal the joint through the contours.
A field-applied sealant band completes the system and is tooled between the outer bellows and the substrates.
The resulting corner bead is never in tension. The cured silicone bellows is never in tension. The system simply folds and unfolds as the joint cycles.
Structural expansion joints are necessary to absorb thermal, wind, seismic and static and dynamic loading movements. But, they are also a gap through the entire building. Colorseal restores the functionality of walls at these gaps by providing waterproofing, insulation, sound attenuation, ABAA air flow resistance, and resistance to hurricane-force wind and water, all while accommodating structural movement in a single non-invasively anchored system.
The bottom line: The bitter taste of poor quality lasts longer than the sweet taste of low price. EMSEAL contributes to the preservation, durability and sustainability of the built environment. We do so by delivering high value, lowest total cost of ownership, structural expansion joints and pre-compressed sealants that work.
Innovation has driven breakthrough new materials that ensure continuity-of-seal against water, fire, heat, cold, air movement, and sound in single product, single installation solutions.
Others are attempting to copy, but specifier and buyer beware…as the Buffalo Thunder Resort learned, it is better to specify and install genuine EMSEAL precompressed sealants.


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Minnesota Planned Giving Council
Promoting philanthropy through planned giving.
|Conference Policies - 2019 Annual Conference
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2019 Conference Policies
Online registration requires credit card payment; MPGC accepts American Express, Visa, Mastercard, and Discover. If you want to pay by check, please download the form here. Payment is required prior to the event. MPGC will not allow participation in this event if there is an outstanding receivable to MPGC.
To edit your registration, please contact the MPGC office at email@example.com or 651-366-6089.
Both members and nonmembers need to log in to register for events. If you are a member or have previously created an account on the MPGC website, login here. If you are a nonmember, please create a guest account in the system; we will require your first and last name, organization, email, username and password.
Join MPGC
If you are not a member and would like to join to receive reduced conference rates, please join here. To renew your membership and receive member rates, log into your profile, renew, then return to register for the event. These will be two separate transactions. You also have the option to pay for both by downloading forms.
Attendance Policies
Attendee Cancellation: To receive a registration refund, less a $25 processing fee, all cancellations must be received via our online form by September 19, 2019 at 11:59 p.m. U.S. Central Time. No refunds will be granted thereafter unless special approval is granted by the MPGC Board of Directors or approved designee. No-shows will not be refunded. Registrations can be transferred to another person within your organization with the same membership status by contacting firstname.lastname@example.com.
Conference Modification or Cancellation: MPGC reserves the right to modify the course's schedule or program as necessary. MPGC also reserves the right to cancel this conference, in which case a full refund of the registration fee will be provided. We are unable to refund any travel costs (flight, hotel, etc.) in the case of MPGC cancellation.
Conference Guest Attendance Policy: All conference activities (including educational sessions, meal functions, exhibit hall, etc.) are exclusively reserved for conference attendees. Non-registered guests (including children, family members, colleagues, etc.) are not allowed in the conference areas. Badges provided at registration are required for entrance into all functions and will be strictly enforced.
Guest Attendance Policy: All conference activities (including educational sessions, meal functions, exhibit hall, etc.) are exclusively reserved for conference attendees. Non-registered guests (including children, family members, colleagues, etc.) are not allowed in the conference areas. Badges provided at registration are required for entrance into all functions and will be strictly enforced.
MPGC Code of Conduct: MPGC leadership and staff are committed to providing a vibrant learning environment at all of our events, welcoming people from as many diverse backgrounds as possible. We expect our events to be a respectful, harassment-free environment for people of all races, gender and trans statuses, sexual orientation, ability, nationality, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and beliefs.
We're grateful that our community is positive, friendly and supportive of one another — it's what makes our events such a draw each year.
In that spirit, the staff, supporters, volunteers, attendees and speakers at MPGC events are expected to:
Be mindful of your surroundings and of your fellow participants. Alert emergency services if you notice what you assess to be a dangerous situation or someone in distress. For other violations of this Code of Conduct, you can contact us at email@example.com.
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A recent decision of the Federal Court illustrates that the Court's jurisdiction can be limited.
The Facts
In an action alleging infringement of two patents, the plaintiff sought to amend the statement of claim to allege that the defendant had been unjustly enriched and sought a declaration that any profits made by the defendant were subject to a constructive trust.
The Test
The test for determining whether the Court has jurisdiction is relatively clear. Three conditions must be met for the Court to have jurisdiction to determine a cause of action:
- There must be a statutory grant of jurisdiction by the federal Parliament;
- There must be an existing body of federal law which is essential to the disposition of the case and which nourishes the statutory grant of jurisdiction; and
- The law in which the case is based must be a "law of Canada" as that phrase is used in the Constitution Act, 1867.
There is no doubt that the Court has jurisdiction to entertain actions for patent, trade mark or copyright infringement, but common law causes of action that fail to satisfy the test are beyond the Court's jurisdiction. The Federal Court is unlike the provincial superior courts which are assumed to have jurisdiction.
While the Federal Court has equitable jurisdiction, including the ability to grant injunctive relief, this jurisdiction only allows the Court to apply the rules of equity in cases in which it otherwise has jurisdiction and does not give the Court any general or inherent jurisdiction to consider a civil action seeking equitable claims and remedies.
The plaintiff asserted that its claims for unjust enrichment and constructive trust were made in the context of alleged breaches of the Competition Act. That act allows a plaintiff to bring an action for loss or damage suffered as a result of the breach of specified provisions of the Competition Act.
In dismissing the motion seeking the proposed amendments, the Court said that the plaintiff had failed to allege actual loss and damage. The Competition Act does not provide for a claim for an equitable restitutionary remedy such as unjust enrichment. The remedies available are limited to the recovery of the plaintiff's actual loss and damage.
While the nationwide jurisdiction of the Federal Court can be a significant benefit, care must be taken to ensure that the claim asserted is within the court's jurisdiction.


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myHS Wellness PortalLogin
Track your current health status and work toward healthy goals through the myHS wellnessportal.
Your personal health goals at your fingertips, no matter where you are.
At Healthstat, our most important job is helping people set and achieve healthy goals for active living. The myHS wellness portal puts a universe of resources at each person's fingertips. It's a simple tool that can be used anywhere and by everyone, to inspire, inform and track their own healthy progress day by day.
Stay as private as you want to – or get as social as you like with your own easy-to-create and share group challenges.
The myHS wellness platform is fun, flexible and easy to use. You can sync your wearable devices and other fitness apps. And you can use easy links to the full suite of your health benefits so they're never hard to find.
When we say this is the easiest platform to use anywhere, we do mean you can use it anywhere. It's got desktop, mobile, wearable, email and text options. The portal does the work of integrating information from different sources for you. And you can see your progress on your personal dashboard.
Need more? Here are some of the features myHS users like best:
Bookmark this page to keep the login handy or download the app:
If you have any trouble or need assistance, contact us and a team member will reach out to assist you.
Track your current health status and work toward healthy goals through the myHS wellnessportal.
A car gets maintenance, a home gets maintenance, but a lot of the time we don't look at our health in the same way. Healthstat makes it easier for you to get that done.
Jeffery Paddyfote, BB&T - Charlotte, NC


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Enron Nigerian barge verdicts may not stand
Barge verdicts may not stand
Defendant's release may signal overturning of convictions
An appeals court decision to release one of the Enron Nigerian barge defendants from prison may be a sign that his guilty verdict — and possibly those of others convicted in the case — will be overturned, according to attorneys familiar with the case.
William Fuhs, one of four former Merrill Lynch executives doing time for his role in the scheme to improperly boost Enron's earnings, will be released from a federal prison in Oklahoma City today while the appeal of his 2004 conviction is pending.
The 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals issued the order for his release Thursday.
In order to be released on bail pending appeal, a defendant has to show there is a substantial chance of a reversal in the case, attorneys familiar with the process said. It's a very high standard to meet. So when it's granted, it usually indicates the court is looking favorably on reversing the verdict, said Brian Wice, a Houston attorney who specializes in appellate work.
"If I was his attorney I'd be pouring Gatorade over my head right now," Wice said.
Prosecutors on the case declined to comment Thursday night.
Still imprisonedThe three other former Merrill executives now in prison,
Tom Hagemann, an attorney for Bayly, said he is hopeful Fuhs' release means good things for his client as well.
"I have always believed that all four Merrill defendants were unfairly indicted and wrongly convicted," said Hagemann. "I hope this is the beginning of the 5th Circuit agreeing with that view."
Fuhs was the lowest ranking of the Merrill employees involved in the so-called Nigerian barge deal.
The case focused on a 1999 deal for Enron to sell three electricity-generating barges off the Nigerian coast to Merrill Lynch. The government claimed the sale was a sham designed to create $12 million in revenue for Enron to help it meet earnings targets.
The key problem with the deal, according to prosecutors, was a verbal promise Enron's former Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow made to buy the barges back at a profit from Merrill Lynch within six months.
The side deal means it wasn't really a sale, as Enron claimed, but simply a loan.
More than three yearsIn November 2004, a jury found the four Merrill workers guilty, as well as Enron executive Dan Boyle . Another Enron employee, Sheila Kahanek , was acquitted.
All of the men were sentenced to more than three years in prison. All but Boyle appealed.
The 5th Circuit heard oral arguments in the appeals earlier this month.
"Both his family and his lawyers are overjoyed that he is being released immediately and will be at home soon," said David Spears, an attorney for Fuhs.
Fuhs will be picked up by the U.S. Marshals Service by 10 this morning and will head to a district court in Oklahoma City where bail will be set, Spears said. His wife and children are coming from Denver to bring him home by tonight.
Dan Cogdell, a Houston attorney who represented Kahanek in the case, said Fuhs' release on bond bodes well for the other defendants.
"The 5th Circuit doesn't hand out releases on bond like candy. They tend to be a bit stingy with them," Cogdell said.
Fuhs had refiled his motion for release pending appeal after the oral arguments were made this month.
'Good lawyering'Stanley Schneider , a Houston attorney who specializes in appeals work, said that if the court does intend to overturn the other verdicts, the renewed filing may be why Fuhs is being released first.
"That's good lawyering right there," he said of the renewed motion.


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当前位置: X-MOL 学术 › Wireless Netw. › 论文详情
Performance analysis of bit error rate of data link system under pulse LFM interference in time-varying rayleigh channel
Wireless Networks ( IF 2.659 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s11276-020-02251-0 Kui Zhao, Fangmin He, Jin Meng, Hao Wu, Lei Zhang
Wireless Networks ( IF 2.659 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s11276-020-02251-0 Kui Zhao, Fangmin He, Jin Meng, Hao Wu, Lei Zhang
In such mobile platforms as ships and aircraft, the detection and reconnaissance devices are near to the communication facilities. When working at the same time, they will create interference or jamming themselves. Especially, the high-power radar equipment tend to cause a high bit error rate (BER) in the data link system (DLS), with the result that the DLS cannot operate normally. For this reason, this paper makes a study of the BER performance of the DLS under the pulse linear frequency modulation (LFM) interference in the time-varying Rayleigh channel. In view of the the time-varying characteristics of channel in the practical conditions, the interference channel is modeled as a time-varying Rayleigh fading channel and the formula of BER is derived. Through simulation, the theoretical deduction is proved to be correct. This is of much importance to analyzing the variation of BER performance with the pulse width, power and doppler frequency shift under the pulse LFM interference.更新日期:2020-01-14


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Academic Resources
Campus Resources
University Resources
Information For
Division of Student Affairs > Support Services > For Specific Populations > Veteran Services > Veteran Liaisons
Veteran Liaisons are DePaul students with prior military experience that can help you connect with benefits and resources as well as provide support in transitioning to academic life.
Lucas Hopkins joined the United States Marine Corps from Wilmington, Delaware in June 2013. During five-and-a-half years of service, Lucas was primarily stationed with II Marine Expeditionary Force Headquarters Group and Headquarters Battalion, 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. His role as a combat correspondent allowed him to document and publish multimedia content on Marine Corps training and operations in the United States, Europe, African and the Middle East. Lucas left active duty in January 2019, and is currently pursuing a bachelor's degree in marketing at DePaul University. Any questions for Lucas can be sent to email@example.com.
Danielle Imhoff served ten years in the United States Air Force as an Airborne Cryptologic Language Analyst and was stationed at Hurlburt Field, FL, Kadena AB, Japan, and Ft. Meade, MD with various temporary duty assignments all over the U.S., Asia, and Europe. She completed her service and joined the DePaul community in the fall of 2019, where she is studying undergraduate industrial/organizational psychology. Danielle can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com with any questions.
Vaughn Cooper joined the Marine Corps in 2015. After training in California, he served at Cherry Point in North Carolina as a radio maintainer in 2nd Low Altitude Air Defense Battalion. His enlistment ended with an Honorable Discharge in April 2019 after four years of service. Vaughn enrolled in DePaul in June of the same year as an Accounting major. He is eager to assist fellow veterans in their transition to college and aid in future success. Vaughn can be reached by email at email@example.com.


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Marketing & Recruitment, Content Management
Staying Fresh with an Editorial Calendar
Keeping site content fresh is a difficult task. There are many questions to answer. How often should you update? What should you update? By implementing an editorial calendar, you and your team can organize, plan, and schedule updates for new and exciting content. Here are tips on how to start your calendar and ensure your content stays fresh.
Usability, Marketing & Recruitment
How to Write Content That Engages Students
Robert Feighl, Webmaster and Faculty Member at National Park College, gave a thought-provoking presentation at our 2016 OmniUpdate User Training Conference (#OUTC16). He described his recent adventure in redesigning the college's website by structuring content based on student interests. Check out his valuable insights.
Marketing & Recruitment, Research
How Far Behind Is Too Far Behind?
You realize your institution's website needs a facelift—but it's still functioning, so any needed improvements get put on the back burner while available funds are used on other, seemingly more urgent, projects. How long can you put it off? A new study by Digital Clarity Group, available for free download on our website, explains why colleges and universities need to prioritize their web presence as students' digital expectations are on a rapid rise.
Research, Marketing & Recruitment
What Are Your Prospective Students' Mobile Habits? Survey Says...
Like most colleges and universities, you've probably watched a steady increase in the number of visitors coming to your website on mobile devices. Ever wonder what that trend looks like among prospective students? Find out what they are doing on their phones and what it means for you in the admissions process.
Research, Marketing & Recruitment
How Important Is Your Website to Admissions, Really?
Everyone in higher education goes through an exercise of prioritizing enrollment and marketing activities. When making decisions, how important, really, is an institution's website to accomplishing admission and enrollment goals? Turns out, it's hard to understate the importance of websites in influencing prospective students.
Marketing & Recruitment, Research
How Do Students Really Choose Their College? Survey Says...
Every year OmniUpdate co-sponsors a survey of thousands of prospective college students. This year's E-Expectations report provides fresh data about the online and mobile marketing preferences of college-bound high school students – information that colleges and universities can put into action to refine their recruitment strategies.
Marketing & Recruitment, Research
Marketing Lessons from the 2015
E-Expectations Survey
Each year, the E-Expectations Report provides incredibly valuable information for those in charge of collegiate marketing and recruitment. There's so much to take away from the 2015 report, including statistics about website usage, social media interaction, email trends, and interactive resources. For now, I'd like to highlight three interesting stats.
Social Media and Your Higher Ed Website
Continuity and consistency count in today's organizational communications. The same holds true for your social channels. Your social presence doesn't occur in a vacuum on Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, or Snapchat, but is connected to everything else you do. Most importantly, it should be connected to your website.
Marketing & Recruitment, Content Management
Online Magazines: Giving Your Content Life
Almost all colleges and universities have some sort of print magazine. One question though: How do you know the number of people that actually read the magazine? There's a relatively simple solution to lower costs, gain valuable readership statistics, and more effectively deliver content to your magazine readers: take your magazine online using OU Campus.
Content Management, Marketing & Recruitment
Tips for Creating and Managing Email Campaigns in OU Campus
Whether it's open on your desktop or launched on a mobile device while standing in line at the store, email has become an integral part of everyday life. For any business, including higher education institutions, it is important to utilize email communication as part of a complete outbound marketing strategy.
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Job Requisition:Information Assurance (IA) Technologist
Job Description:
Job Summary
Manage the AFSOC Remote Piloted Operations Center (ROC) Information Assurance (IA) program at Cannon AFB NM in accordance with Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and Department of Defense (DoD) instructions for the Remote Piloted Aircraft (RPA) Operations Center (ROC). The accreditation packages are manage through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Risk Management Framework (RMF) process under the approving authority of the 25th AF and AFSOC A-6 12. The ISSO will manage the routing for IA approvals for system and network changes through multiple approval processes dictated by the needed change what security boundary it affects.
Primary Responsibilities
- Responsible for developing and recommending integrated security system solutions that will ensure the confidentiality, availability and integrity of classified data.
- Coordinates with wing, AFSOC, JSOC, 25th AF, and SOCOM IA entities to ensure the Operations Center systems meet current RMF Assessment and Authorization (A&A) requirements.
- Ensuring periodic reviews are accomplished, vulnerabilities are properly mitigated and that all security incidents are properly responded to and documented.
- Manage the implementation of the RMF accreditation packages as approved by AFSOC and the 25th AF, the System Security Plans (SSP) for each classified network and submit Security Impact Analysis (SIA) as needed to the accreditation authority.
- Work with the AFSOC Chief Information Officer (CISO), base ISSM and IA personnel to initiate protective or corrective measures in response to security incidents, ensure compliance with DoD and USAF directives, plans, procedures and track IA training and training requirements for the Operations Center staff.
- Work with the Operations Center configuration manager to ensure configuration management for security-relevant information system software, hardware, and firmware is maintained, documented and approved.
- Ensure all IS security related documentation is current and accessible to authorized individuals.
- Ensure that system security requirements are addressed during all phases of the systems life cycle.
- Frequently interacts with customers and functional peer groups to help support the customer's needs. Must be able to interact with both military and civilian personnel of all ranks.
Basic Qualifications
- Requires BS degree and 2 years of prior relevant Information Assurance experience or 4 years' of experience in lieu of degree.
- This position requires an active TS/SCI clearance and a Security +CE certification.
Preferred Qualifications
- Experience working with the 25th AF and experience managing RMF accreditation process is highly desired
- Experience working with SOCOM IA, with RPA related computer systems and prior military experience working in the IA field.
- Highly preferred to have a cyber-security background, military experience in a computer-related career field/discipline and a CISSP.
External Referral Bonus:Eligible
Potential for Telework:No
Clearance Level Required:Top Secret/SCI
Travel:Yes, 10% of the time
Scheduled Weekly Hours:40
Requisition Category:Professional
Job Family:Info Security1000Defense
Leidos is a Fortune 500® information technology, engineering, and science solutions and services leader working to solve the world's toughest challenges in the defense, intelligence, homeland security, civil, and health markets. The company's 33,000 employees support vital missions for government and commercial customers. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, Leidos reported annual revenues of approximately $10.19 billion for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2018. For more information, visit www.Leidos.com.
Pay and Benefits
Pay and benefits are fundamental to any career decision. That's why we craft compensation packages that reflect the importance of the work we do for our customers. Employment benefits include competitive compensation, Health and Wellness programs, Income Protection, Paid Leave and Retirement. More details are available here.
Securing Your Data
Leidos will never ask you to provide payment-related information at any part of the employment application process. And Leidos will communicate with you only through emails that are sent from a Leidos.com email address. If you receive an email purporting to be from Leidos that asks for payment-related information or any other personal information, please report the email to [email protected].
Commitment to Diversity
All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to sex, race, ethnicity, age, national origin, citizenship, religion, physical or mental disability, medical condition, genetic information, pregnancy, family structure, marital status, ancestry, domestic partner status, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, veteran or military status, or any other basis prohibited by law. Leidos will also consider for employment qualified applicants with criminal histories consistent with relevant laws.


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Charming Cabin Rental Ideal for a Holiday in the Pyrenees Mountains of SpainPont d'Arros, Catalonia (Spain)
Charming Cabin Rental Ideal for a Holiday in the Pyrenees Mountains of Spain
This charming cabin rental is located in a stunning cabin resort in the Pyrenees Mountains of Spain and can accommodate three guests. Sleeping arrangements consist of two twin beds and a sofa bed. The bathroom features a shower, a sink, and a toilet.
The living area has a television for guests to spend quiet evenings in together, all tucked up on the comfortable sofas. The fully fitted kitchen comes with a stove, a fridge-freezer, and a microwave, so guests can prepare themselves delicious home-cooked food to be enjoyed at the wooden dining table. Wi-Fi is also included in the cabin so that guests can keep in contact with loved ones at home.
On the camping resort upon which the cabin is located, guests will find a variety of communal amenities and facilities. These include a restaurant and bar area with plenty of seating, and an outdoor pool in the summertime. Guests can stock up on essentials in the supermarket, and enjoy cookouts together at the barbecue area, with five grills available. There is something for everyone at this resort.
This gorgeous mountain resort is fully equipped to allow guests to cater to all of their needs. Guests will enjoy swimming in the shared outdoor swimming pool and children will be well entertained with their choice of two playgrounds. The resort has a football ground and both indoor and outdoor table-tennis facilities.
There is free Wi-Fi available in the resort's bar and restaurant, which guests are warmly invited to make the most of. For optimum comfort and convenience, there is also a supermarket on site. The showers are open 24 hours a day and washing and drying facilities are available, so guests will feel right at home at this resort. Summer only services include restaurant services, the swimming pool, and the kids club.
3 beds
- 2 Twin/Single beds
- 1 Sofa bed
Features and services
- Wi-Fi/Internet
- Outdoor pool
- Shared Barbecue
- Television
- Shower
- Hot water
- Private Kitchen
- Front desk service
- Linens and pillows
Hosted by Maria
- Response rate: 100%
- Response time: Within 1 day
- New accommodation
6 accommodations in Glamping Hub
Have a question? Contact Maria
This accommodation has no reviews yet.
Book and be the first to leave a comment and help other glampers get to know this place better.
Accommodation rules
Check-in: Flexible
Check out: Flexible
Infants allowed Under 2 years old
Children allowed 2-12 years old
Pets allowed additional charge
No smoking
No parties
Some spaces are shared
The pricing of the accommodation is variable according to the season and pets are permitted at an extra cost.
Be kind to the environment and take care of the surroundings.
Cancellation policy
Location and surroundings
Pont d'Arros, Catalonia (Spain)
Detailed location provided after booking
- Winter sports
- Horseback riding
- Biking
- Whitewater rafting
- Meditation
- Yoga
- Wildlife watching
- Golfing
The resort is perfectly placed for guests to enjoy any number of outdoor activities, surrounded by nature. Runners and mountain bikers will love exploring the trails that wind around the resort and guests are advised that mountain bikes are available for rental. The resort will organize trips and excursions for both children and adults, so all guests will feel catered to.
For guests that prefer to go solo, Eth Portilhon and Baish Aran are but a short drive away. With two such magnificent nature reserves right on their doorstep, guests will be spoiled for choice when it comes to scenic landscapes. During the summer, the resort organizes a range of different activities, including golfing, rafting and horseback riding, whilst during the winter guests will be able to get stuck into their favorite snowsport.


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On Saturday, January 4th, the surviving members of Nirvana — Dave Grohl, Pat Smear and Krist Novoselic — reunited in Los Angeles at The Palladium, joined by St. Vincent, Beck, and Grohl's 13-year-old daughter Violet to rip through five of the grunge giants' classic cuts in front of a star-studded crowd. All were gathered for the 2020 Art of Elysium Gala, a yearly event to raise funds for the organization, which pairs artists with individuals facing "difficult emotional life challenges." The three guest musicians took turns fronting the band in place of late singer Kurt Cobain.
Kicking off the set was the St. Vincent–fronted version of the group, repeating their 2014 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame induction performance of 1991 hit "Lithium." Beck then took over for "In Bloom" before tossing mic duties to Violet Grohl for "Heart-Shaped Box." Between songs, Beck relayed story of seeing the most insane mosh pit of his life in that very room, describing the blood on his hands as he left and recalling that the band he was seeing was Nirvana.
Two more songs filled out the set as Beck and St. Vincent took position as backing musicians for "Been a Son" and Nirvana's iconic cover of David Bowie's "The Man Who Sold the World." Catch the full performance above, and see some variant angles captured by fans below.
Family ties: Dave Grohl's 13-year-old daughter Violet joins surviving members of #Nirvana to sing "Heart-Shaped Box" at @TheArtofElysium gala in Los Angeles (also in the backing band: Nirvana fans Beck and St Vincent... NBD) pic.twitter.com/TICogKODG7— Tim Chan (@mrtimchan) January 5, 2020
Holy smokes. @beck @foofighters @st_vincent lithium @ArtofElysium pic.twitter.com/s3BqqboBwf— Jeff Miller (@jeffmillerla) January 5, 2020
"Nature is a whore." @beck got in touch with his inner-#KurtCobain at @TheArtofElysium's "Heaven" gala, which was more like a #Nirvana gala. But is that lyric from "In Bloom" eco-phobic? pic.twitter.com/ZuqwhTf3mk— James Patrick Herman (@TheGlamourGuy) January 5, 2020


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The daily cyber security news and insights leaders depend on.
|Date published
|Daily: Mirai remains a threat; experts expect more IoT-driven DDoS. ISIS, online radicalization, and terror attacks in the US. Snooper's Charter and its alternatives. Gooligan Android malware.
|Daily: ISIS online sympathizers (but not ISIS itself, which is lying a bit low) claim Ohio State attacker. German security agencies warn of possible Russian disruption of elections. Mirai strikes again. San Francisco's Muni shrugs off ransomware. A look a
|Securing a Deal - Cyber Security Venture Capitalists on what they look for. A CyberWire Special Edition.
|Daily: Military, law enforcement cooperation take a toll of ISIS operators. DDoS investigations. Mirai botnet can be rented on the black market. Beware ATM skimmers. Ransomware hits San Francisco light rail. Bogus news of cable show hacking.
|Daily: ISIS shows a slightly different face in cyberspace. BITAG issues advice to the IoT industry. Jackpotting and carding investigated.
|Daily: Banks are vulnerable to more than carding and transfer fraud. Ransomware updates. Lessons for users from the Three Mobile hack. Biometrics (with hedgehog). Election hacking retrospective.
|Daily: More of the customary cybercrime, but with additional warnings of new ransomware vectors. Dodgy apps and holiday shopping. Credential abuse. No pardon for Snowden, for now, anyway.
|Daily & Week in Review: US DNI Clapper says Russia "curtailed" election hacking after being named. Three Mobile breached. Android and iOS issues. Good news on ransomware. Start-up rundown. China calls its Internet controls "wisdom."
|Daily: Social media aren't automatically on the right side of history, it seems. More on the Adups backdoor. Holiday shopping cyber-safety and security.
|Daily: An insider threat deadline approaches. Lawful intercept tools from Italy. Carbanak moves to new targets. Security policy in Germany and the US. A guilty plea in the TalkTalk hack.
|Daily: It walks, it talks, it reports to Shanghai. Locky takes a run at US Army Cyber Command. CrySis decrypted. SpamTorte 2.0 is out. Adults should be warned off by "adult."
|Daily: Russian banks suffer IoT botnet DDoS. Fancy Bear's still phishing. Lessons from Tesco fraud. Third-party risk hits Michael Page. Casino Rama data breach. Adult website loses data for 339 million accounts. FTC litigation. Moscow anti-trust case.
|Daily: Yahoo! warns Verizon deal may be at risk. More OPM-themed ransomware phishing. Cyber policy advice for, and speculation about, the next US Administration.
|US elections proceeded undisrupted by hacking. Patch Tuesday review. Banking Trojans, Android trigger-malware, and thermostats gone wild.
|Daily: Election Day cyber updates. Mirai goes to pieces. Five Eyes and Europol take down dark web souks. Turkey and clamps down on their Internet.
|Daily: Election Eve cyber threat roundup. Retail bank Tesco stops online banking after wave of fraud.
|Mirai, "Botnet #14," hits Liberian networks. Anonymous doesn't much care for either jihad or the Man. A new security company forms with acquisition of Cryptzone, Catbird, Easy Solutions, and Brainspace. Election hacking updates.
|Daily: Sources say FBI is confident foreign intelligence services penetrated former Secretary of State's private email server. WikiLeaks says it's not a Russian tool. Notes on industry; notes on cybercrime.
|Daily: To disclose or not to disclose…in public. A look into the dark web. Chrome and Firefox disallow shaky certificates. Anonymous gets an incomplete. The Shadow Brokers are still after the Wealthy Elite.
|Daily: The Shadow Brokers say trick or treat to the Amerikanski. Are free elections like free beer? Google wants faster patching. The state of Mirai.


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Research Article: 2017 Vol: 23 Issue: 2
George Nana Agyekum Donkor, ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development
Collins Kankam-Kwarteng, Kumasi Technical University
Strategic Planning, Financial Performance, IT capability, Moderating.
The subject of firm performance has been the focal point of strategic researchers in recent times. A continuous move from industrial sources of manageable competitive advantage to firm particular sources has been noted as of late (Spanos & Lioukas, 2001). One overwhelming contemporary approach that has been broadly used to clarify the commitment of firms' internal features on maintainable competitive advantage is the resource-based view (RBV). A focal premise of the resource-based view is that performance differentials among firms in an industry can be clarified by their capabilities and resources (Peteraf & Bergen, 2003). The synergetic combination of rare, valuable, inimitable and non-manageable resources that firms had is pertinent to realise competitive advantage and greater firm performance (Barney, 1991).
One ability that has been generally expressed as basic for firms' survival and sustenance is information technology (IT) capability. The connection between IT capability, competitive advantage and firm performance has been generally explored in the literature (Augier & Teece, 2007; Barney & Arikan, 2001; Helfat, 2007). The essential conclusion from this flood of research is that there is no direct connection between firm performance and IT capability; yet is followed up on by other mediating variables. Firms must send their IT on various organisational mediations before the impact of IT capability on firm performance can arise. Strategic management experts recommend that strategic planning is one of the key mediation that organizations can implement to accomplish competitive survival (Rummler & Brache, 2012).
Strategic planning implies a chain of taking expectable steps that includes defining mission, goals, performing environmental investigation, strategy formulation, performance and control (León-Soriano, Jesús Muñoz-Torres & Chalmeta-Rosalen, 2010). A strategy coordinates the objectives of the firm's policies and order of activities into an interconnected entire. It is in this manner exceptionally essential to the survival and long term achievement of the business. The biggest firms in the world are family firms (Basco, 2014). Family firms constitute an excess of 90% of all businesses around the world (Acquaah, 2013). The position possessed by family firms as far as percentages in some of the critical economies are: Australia-75%, USA-96%, Germany-60%, Brazil-90%, Netherlands-74%, Belgium-70%, Finland-80%, (Timmons & Spinelli, 2009).
Family-firms may be the most established kind of business organizations; notwithstanding it is only lately that the family business research has been thriving (Dana & Smyrnios, 2010). Family businesses are generally recognized to assume a critical part in economies everywhere throughout the world (Sageder, Duller & Mitter, 2015). The family business segment is assessed to considerably add to job generation, wealth creation and national competitiveness (Beaver & Prince, 2004).
Also, family businesses have been known as a means of innovation and industrial change and a main source of economic growth as well as job-creation (Kuratko, 2005). In spite of the significance of family firms, the survival rate among them is very low because of insufficient endowments of organisational capabilities and absence of suitable strategic planning. It is projected that only 13% of family firms last through the third generation, while fewer than 66% survive to the second generation (Grant, 2016). In Ghana, family businesses experience challenges in getting credit, function under an unfavourable policy and lack strong innovative, controlling environment and IT integrated process level framework (Aryeetey, Baa-Nuakoh, Duggleby, Hettige & Steel, 1996). Despite the fact that this statement was made years back, the circumstance has not changed. The above issues have prompted the powerlessness of family businesses to acquire assets and capabilities to create appropriate plans to accomplish long term survival.
In spite of the fact that the difficulties and challenges of family firms have been counted in the literature and various theoretical viewpoints have been progressed, there still remains more to comprehend. Most particularly how the deployment of IT capabilities and strategic planning influences the performance of family businesses has not been essentially investigated. In reality, few researches have concentrated on the role IT capabilities influences the competitive survival of family firms in Africa and in Ghana, specifically. Indeed, even in the advanced economies where a some researches have been done on family businesses, few investigations, if any, have studied the interactive effects of IT capabilities and strategic planning on the performance of family businesses.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, family businesses work in a generally tough and unpredictable macroeconomic condition; this needs the normal firm to put on a more forceful way to deal with flourish (Robertson, Langston & Price, 2014). However, family firms have a tendency to avoid away from accepting an aggressive position in the market (Gallo & Vilaseca, 1996). Research demonstrates that family firms are normally risk averse, inappropriate human resource development, utilize out-dated tools and technologies (Levy & Powell, 2000). Could this posture in the market be a reflection of a possible limitation in their organisational capabilities and strategic activities? Literature battles that the use of IT has become an essential component in strategic operations in recent competitive markets (Bharadwaj, 2000). This study takes the firm position that the application of IT with clear strategic planning activities will bolster the performance of family businesses in Ghana. Particularly the study hypothesizes that IT capabilities will positively moderate the influence of strategic planning on performance of family businesses in Ghana.
The Concept of Strategic Planning
Strategic planning is an extensively utilized tool in management that specifies the possibility of strategy formulation (Rigby, 2001). It includes conveying key facilitators in the businesses that are in charge of gathering information, conceptualizing, demonstrating and strategizing for unpredictable alternative future circumstances, assess them and discover answers to key questions concerning the real and desired position of the firm. Strategic planning has been characterized severally in the literature. In any case, the underlining conclusions are that strategic planning includes the task of making arrangements and taking actions today for the future flourishing and competitiveness of a firm in its condition with the best practice of available resources (Marquardt, 2011).
Schendel and Hofer (1979) defined strategic planning as the step by step process that includes the making of a business's mission, recognizing long-term goals, scanning of the environment formulation of organizational strategy, strategy implementation and control. As indicated by the researchers, it is the evolution of managerial reply to environmental change in a focus moving from inward structure and production effectiveness, to the coordination of strategy and multinational expansion structure and production innovation and diversification. It is therefore the controlled effort to create essential choices and actions that shape and guide what the business is, the thing that it does and why it does it (Bryson, 2004).
Information Technology (IT) Capability
The strategy literature and the RBV of the firm specifically, give the hypothetical establishment to look into in information systems administration. Most researchers who have endeavoured to coordinate the resource based view in IT study have endeavoured to conceptualize IT capabilities and it parts. For example, Pavlou and El Sawy (2006) and Bingham et al. (2007) characterize IT capabilities as high performing hierarchical procedures relating to the securing, arrangement and use of IT resources (i.e., technical resources and human resources). Bharadwaj (2000) additionally characterize IT capability as the "capacity to assemble and send IT-based assets in mix or co-present with other resources and capabilities ". Cases of IT-based resources are simply the innovation, human IT resources, (for example, technical and managerial IT skills) and immaterial assets, (for example, knowledge resources, client orientation and synergy).
In this manner, IT resources include human skills in working with IT, IT infrastructure and organization's capacity to control IT, which consolidates to form an immaterial resource, called IT capability (Bharadwaj, 2000). Bharadwaj (2000) offered a theory of IT complementarities to contend that the underlying impacts of IT ought to happen at the level of organizational procedures that utilize the IT resources. Their theory recommends a two-stage process through which IT resources affect firm performance: in the first place, IT resources could upgrade the efficiency and quality of organizational procedures where they are organized; thus, these IT-empowered procedures improve organizational performance.
Resource-based view of IT proposes that businesses can and do separate themselves from competitors by means of their IT resources (Chen & Tsou, 2012). Then again, while it is hard to get or imitate each particular IT resources, businesses can accomplish competitive edge through figuring out how to join their current IT resources adequately (Bharadwaj, 2000). IT capability is needed for synergistic process of IT resources. This organizational ability is a progressive system of ''composite operant assets'' (Chen & Tsou, 2012; Madhavaram & Hunt, 2008) and its constituents can be either intangible or tangible.
The Effect of Strategic Planning on Family Firm Performance
Researchers have additionally reliably demonstrated the need for enterprises to effectively get ready for future operations and development for them to successfully contend and survive in contemporary market environments. The strategic management literature contends that where strategic planning exists and very much actualized, a firm will have no or slight challenge in supervising outside changes. The reason is that firm survival is subject to how well the business can accomplish a strategic arrangement between its inside operations and the unpredictable external environment.
Businesses adjust to uncontrollable environmental powers as they design and do strategic exercises. It is through strategic planning that a firm can foresee changes in the environment and act proactively (Adeleke, Oyenuga & Ogundele, 2008; Uvah, 2005). Several researches have decided that the relationship between firm performance and strategic planning is positive (McIlquham-Schmidt, 2010; Owolabi & Makinde, 2012). Veskaisri, Chan and Pollard (2007) suggested that without well stated policy, a firm will have no justification for forming and keeping a competitive edge in the business in the area it works.
Various research works in organisational management have distinguished the presence or absence of strategic planning as a key element of firms' success for privately-owned companies. Available research confirm reliably demonstrates that majority of family businesses' fail to sufficiently integrate strategic planning into its organizational management. Family businesses are regularly recognized for being strategically myopic and for the most part inadequate with regards to a long-term vision (Wang, Walker & Redmond, 2011). It is therefore hypothesized that
H1: The involvement in strategic planning exercises will positively influence the performance of family firms in Ghana.
The Effect of IT Capabilities on Family Firm Performance
Literature have highlighted the importance of IT capabilities on business performance. Tian, Wang, Chen and Johansson (2010) contended that the capacity of a firm to convey IT resources supports the business to rapidly adjust to market changes. In this way IT resources shape and support the organization's strategic decisions and firm activities. Nonetheless, information systems that need adaptability and does not encourage a strong connection the business units and the environment may progress toward becoming deterrents for organizational changes. Improved IT capabilities will consequently empower firms to position their IT resources and information and data services to capture clients' data and in addition disperse data to clients through the Internet, virtual groups and customized data channels (Nambisan, 2002) which will increase performance as well as market share.
Family own companies have been recognized to build strong social ties with clients. With the organization of IT capabilities family businesses are expected to build, preserve and support stronger social network with clients so as to accomplish higher performance. The capacity to utilize IT applications and frameworks will likewise extensively decrease the workload of and reduce the lead time of provisions and competently manage inventory. This will help the family business to be rapidly and cost-effectively applies cutting edge innovations to meet client requests and accomplish solid brand image. It is therefore hypothesized that
H2: There is a positive relationship between IT capability and family firm performance.
The Moderating Role of IT Capability on the Strategic Planning-Performance Linkage
Tian et al. (2010) set that an effective IT deployment is considered by actualizing suitable information technologies to help and shape organizations strategies and value chain activities. Tallon (2008) have also contended that the incorporation of IT into formal strategic plans is significant for firm. Tian et al. (2010) additionally contends for a bidirectional procedure arrangement such that not only should IT should be utilized to help organizations, yet additionally the business ought to capitalize by strategic potentials of IT.
As per literature, for strategic planning to be powerful and helpful, there must be duty and participation over all levels of the business, overcome inherent issues, for example, projects, resistance to change, rivalry among departments, resources allocation resource requirement and so on (Ahlstrand, Lampel & Mintzberg, 2001). Though, this can be effectively accomplished with the massive incorporation of IT capability and resources. When IT is effectively incorporated with the family business' strategic plans, the IT plans become essential to the business' strategic plans which guarantee strong business-IT arrangement. Without a doubt family businesses in Ghana have been noted to take an interest in little strategic activities which influence their performance; nevertheless with the mixing of IT resources and capabilities, the impact of strategic planning is projected upon to be improved as the degree and size of the firm is expand through the onslaught of the IT in the firm operations. It is therefore hypothesized that
H3: IT capability positively moderates the relationship between strategic planning and family firm performance in Ghana
This study is generally a quantitative research which attempts to explore the causal effect of IT capabilities and strategic planning on the family businesses performance in Ghana. The study explores the use of both primary and secondary data sources as the bases for extracting relevant information to answer the research objectives. The sample size of 80 family businesses were selected using purposive sampling and information about their strategic operations were received from the Chief Executive Officers or top management of the selected family firms. Similar studies conducted focusing on family firms within the African context have also used similar sample size (Acquaah, 2011).
Moreover, the study found the use of purposive sampling more convenient than alternative sampling techniques due to the fact that although family businesses are widespread in Ghana, they are usually found in the informal sector and are usually unregistered. This makes it difficult to acquire any credible official information about their operations, total number and locations. Given this difficulty, it was feasible to use purposive sampling technique.
Structured questionnaires were designed and all the variables were measured with 7-point Likert scales. The moderated self-administered structured questionnaires were pilot tested and final adjustments made to obtain more credible instruments and administered to the research participants. The data was collected through personally administered surveys with the assistance of three (3) research assistants. To ensure a high response rate the owners and/or managers were promised that any information they provide will not be shared with anybody or organization and that only the members of the research team will have access to the data.
In order to minimize the problem of common method variance (CMV), the strategic planning and IT capability items were intermingled with and firm performance measures. Moreover, some of the scales were reversed coded, so that one end of the responses did not always correspond to a larger effect. The scales used to draft the questionnaire were also adopted from literature; for instance Powell (1992) for strategic planning measures; Huo (2012) for firm performance measures and Pavlou and El Sawy (2006) for IT capabilities measures. This ensured that only valid measures which have been empirical tested in other studies were employed for this work. To ensure that responses were genuine and valid, the owners and/or managers who responded to the questionnaire survey were assured of the anonymity of their responses and company information in any published document. These techniques have been used in other studies to minimize CMV problems (Oyewobi et al., 2016).
Table 1 reports the descriptive statistics and correlation statistics of the principal variables. The outcomes of the research showed that generally the level of strategic planning among the family businesses is moderate. This is revealed by the overall mean of 4.648 with a standard deviation of 1.09. The implication is that significant variation exists among family firms in terms of the level of participation in strategic planning practices. Table 1 also reveals that some family businesses rely on information technology whilst others do not. However, the study shows that most (mean=4.59, SD=1.806) of the respondents agreed to relying on information technology in pursuing innovation. Concerning the level of performance, results indicate that the general performance of the sampled family businesses were also moderate (mean=4.90, SD=0.76).
|Table 1: Correlation Matrix
|1. Involvement
|2. Maturity
|3. Industry Type
|4. IT Capability
|5. Strategic Planning
|6. Performance
Source: Field Survey, 2017 *p<0.05 (2-tailed); **p<0.01 (2-tailed).
Meanwhile, the correlation statistics as presented on the Table 1 shows that IT capability amongst family businesses has a strong relationship with performance (r=0.448, p=0.01). This shows that IT capability place a vital role in the advancement of performance in family businesses. The study reveals that as IT capability increases, performance increases alongside by 44.8%. This shows a tremendous boost for the organisation. Furthermore, the strategic planning and performance evidenced to be positively related (r=0.162, p=0.05). Like the input IT capability makes, strategic planning contribute to 16.2% increase in performance as management of family businesses engage strategic planning in their businesses. As strategic planning increases, firm performance increases alongside it as consequent of the input. The level of family involvement, firm maturity and industry type were used as control variables in this work. As shown on the Table 1, involvement (r=-0.162, p=0.05) and industry type (r=-0.378, p=0.01) have negative relationship with performance. Maturity shows to have a positive relationship with performance (r=0.028) yet proves to be weak and insignificant.
Now that the relationship between the variables for the study has been recognised, it was essential to decide the extent of the said relationships. The impact of the variables on performance was determined with the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The regression analysis involved four interconnected models in which variables were hierarchically included in the estimation. The details of the four models given as follows: Model 1 focused on exploring the direct effects of the firm specific variables such as involvement, maturity and industry type (control variables) on performance.
The second model then examines the impact of IT capability on performance whereas controlling for the firm specific variables. In third model, strategic planning was added to the variables in the second model to capture the incremental effect of strategic planning on performance. The fourth and last phase comprised finding out the interaction effect of strategic planning and IT capability on family firm performance. The interactive term (IT capability x Strategic planning) was constructed based on centred values of the moderator (IT capability) and the independent variable (strategic planning) as applied in the empirical literature (Acquaah, 2011).
The model fitness test results as presented on Tables 2 reveals that all the four models estimated were robust and reliable for estimating the relationship between IT capability, strategic planning and family firm performance. Table 2 reports the regression analysis of the four estimated models. As discussed model 1 captures the direct effect of the control variables on family firm performance. Model 1 shows that the level of family involvement in the business has a positive influence on the performance (β=0.168, p<0.05); however, the number of years the business had been in operation (maturity; β=-0.120, p>0.05) and industry type (β=-0.016, p>0.05) did not have any substantial influence on family business performance. For the estimation of model 2, IT capability was added to the regression analysis whiles controlling for the firm specific variables.
|TABLE 2: Detailed Regression Analysis Results
|Model 1
|Model 2
|Model 3
|Model 4
|Beta (Std. Error)
|Beta (Std. Error)
|Beta (Std. Error)
|Beta (Std. Error)
|2.668 (0.433)***
|0.168 (0.089)*
|0.185 (0.084)**
|-0.120 (0.127)
|Industry Type
|-0.016 (0.010)
|IT Capability
|Strategic Planning
|IT Capability x Strategic Planning
|Diagnostic Tests
|Mean VIF
|Change in R-square
|Change in
F-Statistic (sig.)
|4.035 (0.047)
|5.713 (0.019)
|35.156 (0.000)
|10.014 (.005)
Source: Field Survey, 2017 Note: *p<0.10 (2-tailed); **p<0.05 (2-tailed) ***p<0.01 (2-tailed).
The results of model 2 also indicates that the firm specific variables: IT capability has a strong positive effect on family firm performance (β=0.344, p<5%). The implication is that an increase in information technology capabilities enhances family firm performance. Aside that model 2 results show that family involvement (β=0.202, p<5%) has a positive effect on family business performance whereas maturity (β=-0.253, p<5%) and industry type (β=-0.022, p<5%) have a significant negative influence on the performance of family businesses. The model fit findings display that the total R-squared of the second model is 0.093 which shows that the model explains about 9.3% of the performance variations of the sampled family firms. The R-square change results however show that IT capability only explains 5.2% of the total variation in family firm performance. Furthermore, model 3 was estimated by adding strategic planning to the list of independent variables in the model estimation. The purpose is to find out the incremental contribution of strategic planning on family performance. The study results for model 3 show that strategic planning has a positive impact on family business performance (β=0.374, p<1%). The implication of this results show that improvement in strategic planning activities are beneficial to the success of family firms in Ghana. Meanwhile it was realised that family involvement (β=0.185, p<5%) has a positive and significant influence on family performance whereas, maturity (β=-0.256, p<5%) and industry type (β=-0.022, p<5%) has a negative influence on the family business performance of the sampled firms in Ghana. The model fit outcomes show that the total R-squared of the third model is 0.331 which point out that the model explains about 33.1% of the performance variations of the sampled family firms. The change in R-square outcomes though shows that strategic planning only explains 24% of the total variation in family firm performance.
To find out the moderating effect of IT capability, model 4 was estimated. This required the inclusion of the interactive variable; IT capability and strategic planning, in the model estimation. The interactive variable (IT capability × Strategic planning) also proves a strong significant positive effect on performance (β=0.450, p<0.000). This result indicates that the influence of information technology competence on family business performance is enhanced when management also pursue strategic planning activities. Thus, the integration of IT in strategic planning programmes and activities bolsters the performance of family firms in Ghana. The change in R-square of model 4 indicates that the interaction of strategic planning activities with IT capabilities accounts for an additional 11.2% impact to the projecting control of the model. Thus hypothesis 3 which states that IT capability positively regulates the association between strategic planning and family business performance in Ghana was supported. Meanwhile, it is observed that IT capability also has a direct effect on family business performance (β=0.225, p<5%). Thus, hypothesis 2 which states that there is a positive association between IT capability and family business performance was also supported. Similar result was also obtained in relations of the influence of strategic planning on family firm performance (β=0.300, p<5%). Thus hypothesis 1 is also supported.
This study explores the effect of IT capability and strategic planning on the performance of family firms in Ghana. The significance of the research lies in the fact that although the problems and challenges of family firms have been enumerated in the literature and a number of theoretical perspectives have been advanced, there still remains more to understand. Most especially how the deployment of IT capabilities and strategic planning affects the performance of family businesses has not been necessarily explored. Indeed, few studies have focused on the role IT capabilities plays on the competitive survival of family firms in developing countries and in Ghana, in particular (Keupp & Gassmann, 2009; Wright, Filatotchev, Hoskisson & Peng, 2005). Indeed, even in the advance countries where a few research works have been carry out on family own businesses, little researches, if any, have studied the moderating roles of IT capabilities and strategic planning on the competitive survival of family businesses.
Owing to this, the study explores the influence of strategic planning activities and IT capabilities on the family firm performance. The study focused on a unique dataset, family firms in Ghana. A hierarchical multiple linear regression technique was employed to arrive at the research objectives. The study results supported the assertion that improvement in IT capabilities leads to improve business performance. The findings of this study corroborate the conclusions of Tian, Wang, Chen and Johansson (2010) who argued that the ability of an organisation to deploy IT resources helps the firm to quickly adapt to market changes. Better IT capabilities will therefore allow businesses to position their information administrations and IT assets to catch data about clients and in addition disperse information to clients through the virtual communities, Internet and customized data channels (Nambisan, 2002) which will increase market share and performance.
Family businesses have been acknowledged to build strong social ties with customers. With the deployment of IT capabilities family firms are expected to develop, maintain and support stronger social network with customers in order to achieve superior performance. The ability to use IT applications and systems will also significantly lessen the workload of and cut the lead time of supplies and efficiently manage inventory. This will assist the family firm to quickly and cost-effectively apply cutting edge technologies to meet customer demands and achieve strong brand image.
The relevance of strategic planning implementation is also emphasized in this study. The findings of this research agree to results from several research works which established a positive connection between strategic planning and firm performance (McIlquham-Schmidt 2010; Robbins, et al., 2008). Veskaisri, Chan and Pollard (2007) likewise settle that without a well-defined strategy, a firm will have justifiable reason for making and keeping up a competitive edge in the business where it works. Although family firms are often acknowledged for being strategically myopic and mostly lacking a long-term vision (Wang, et al., 2011); the implication of this research suggests that strategic planning implementation is beneficial to firm performance.
In view of the results of this research, it can be established that the deployment and enhancement of IT capabilities in the operations of family businesses in Ghana will lead to superior performance. This is very crucial given the fact that family businesses are widely acknowledged as sources of innovation and change in global markets. Indeed, owing to the limited nature of the Ghanaian market plus the onslaught of competition due to the influx of foreign firms in the Ghanaian markets, the development of IT capabilities and resources within the organisation will enable the firm to take advantage of potential expansion of the firm domain brought about the virtual market (internet).
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text: Green light for city centre apart-hotel and retail scheme Property | September 17 2018 | Kayley Worsley Write a comment Planning permission for a 126-unit apart-hotel and retail development has been granted on a historic street near to Kirkgate Market in Leeds City Centre. Leeds-based property investor and car park operator, Town Centre Securities (TCS), in a joint venture with Leeds City Council (LCC), have secured planning permission for the development on George Street. The full and listed building applications were approved for the construction of 96 studios, 26 one-bedroom and 4 two-bedroom units. In addition, 9 ground floor commercial units... You can carry on reading TheBusinessDesk.com for free, but you have reached the maximum number of pages an unregistered user can view. To register for an account, click here or login below... Login Email Address Password Forgotten your password? Remember Me Or Register here


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Have you already been accepted to a university in the USA? Congratulations! Do your classes begin in January 2019? Do you want to strengthen your Academic English skills before you start classes?
You can arrive up to one month before university starts using your F-1 student visa. Take advantage of this opportunity to attend WESLI's 16-day, highly intensive Academic English and private tutoring program. Be ready on Day One at the university and sharpen your English and study skills. The program runs from December 17, 2018 to January 18, 2019. Housing is available.WESLI Winter Program 2019


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First photos of the NanoVNA 2.0 prototype have been uploaded to the NanoVNA groups.io forum. We have already written about a new version of very popular NanoVNA, but in short, new model comes with the next characteristics: Frequency range from 50kHz to 3GHz, probably usable up to 3.5GHz Typical S11 floor is -50dB up to 2GHz and -40dB up to 3GHz…Read More
Day: January 4, 2020
SGlabs 3.4GHz transverter test
Tim VK2XAX also tested a 3.4Ghz transverter from SG Laboratory Ltd. In two video you can see output power test and receive test. On SGlabs webpages we didn't find more info about 3.4GHz transverter.Read More


text:
Martin A-model mandolins
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Subject: Martin A-model mandolins
From: ketida
Date: 22 Sep 98 - 08:42 PM
looking for Martin A-model, anyone know if they still make them? or have one for sale?
Subject: RE: Martin A-model mandolins
From: Liam's Brother
Date: 22 Sep 98 - 09:50 PM
The list price is US$2780, so you don't want to buy a new one. I just sold a used one in good shape through a dealer and, I recall, the retail selling price was about $550 - 575. That should be the best bet. Mandolin Brothers usually has 1 or 2 used ones in the store.
Subject: RE: Martin A-model mandolins
From: Songbob
Date: 22 Sep 98 - 11:46 PM
Try Elderly Instruments for a probably better price. Or try watching the ebay auction site. There's a real excitement in bidding on an instrument that you don't find just buying it.
Subject: RE: Martin A-model mandolins
From: gargoyle
Date: 22 Sep 98 - 11:49 PM
I will vouch for "Mandolin Brothers."
They have a website, and are one of the best authorities on "Gibson" etc. Appraisals cost $20.00. You are VERY likely to find an "A-model" on their page.
Subject: RE: Martin A-model mandolins
From: gargoyle
Date: 22 Sep 98 - 11:55 PM
Click HERE for "Mandolin Brothers"
Subject: RE: Martin A-model mandolins
From: gargoyle
Date: 22 Sep 98 - 11:58 PM
Mandolin Brothers
Subject: RE: Martin A-model mandolins
From: Chet W.
Date: 23 Sep 98 - 09:09 PM
If you're talking about the bent-top, flat-back models, you shouldn't have to part with more than several hundred dollars. I have seen, heard really, an awful lot a variation in the quality of the sound. They are not very loud, but it's a nice tone if you don't have to worry much about volume. If you're talking about the carved-top models, I think they're overvalued. You can get a teens or 20's Gibson probably for a lot less money and it will do you better service as an instrument. The Martins are rarer, so they might be better for collector/investor purposes, but as always, play them and buy the one you like. Mandolin Brothers are fine experts, nice folks, and always have the premium models in perfect condition, but they do have the highest prices of any of the well-known stores. I'll be there at opening time if I win a big lottery.
Chet W.
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text:
Nipa arborescens Wurmb ex H.Wendl.
This is a synonym of Nypa fruticans Wurmb
Other Data
Nipa arborescens Wurmb ex H.Wendl. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in O.C.E.de Kerchove de Denterghem, Palmiers: 252 (1878)
Not accepted by
- Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Cited as Nypa fruticans.]
Kew Names and Taxonomic Backbone
The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2020. Published on the Internet at http://www.ipni.org and http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/
© Copyright 2017 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0


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