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Purpose: The purpose is to determine whether the levels of expression of extracellular matrix components in peritumoral stroma are predictive of disease outcome for women with node-negative breast cancer.
Experimental Design: Tumor tissue from 86 patients with node-negative breast cancer was examined by immunohistochemical staining for the expression of versican, chondroitin sulfate (CS), tenascin, and hyaluronan (HA). With the exception of HA, the expression of the extracellular matrix components was measured by video image analysis. Statistical correlation of the immunohistochemical data with clinicopathological characteristics and disease outcome was performed.
Results: All of the extracellular matrix components were present in the peritumoral stroma of the entire study cohort. In contrast, immunoreactivity within the cancer cell was observed in 82% of tumors for HA, 12% for CS, and 4% for tenascin; no immunostaining of cancer cells for versican was observed for any of the tumors. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated that elevated expression of stromal versican predicted increased risk and rate of relapse in this cohort. Elevated expression of tenascin was predictive of increased risk and rate of death only. Although neither CS nor HA were predictive of disease outcome in this cohort, tumor size was predictive of increased risk and rate of both relapse and survival.
Conclusions: Elevated expression within peritumoral stromal matrix of versican and tenascin was predictive of relapse-free and overall survival, respectively, in women with node-negative breast cancer.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a physical framework for cellular attachment and facilitates the normal physiological regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Recently, we reported that disease relapse for patients with node-negative breast cancer is associated with elevated expression of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, versican, in the peritumoral stromal tissue (1) . Individual matrix components do not exist in isolation, however, but function as a complex due to the numerous binding associations and biological interactions of these molecules. Versican binds to the linear unsulfated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) via the NH2-terminal tandem repeat peptide sequence of versican, which is homologous to link protein and has inherent affinity for HA (2) . Versican also binds to the hexameric glycoprotein tenascin-R, possibly via interaction between the lectin domain of versican with either a carbohydrate moiety on tenascin (3) or with the fibronectin type III repeats within tenascin (4) . Individual reports have cited increased levels of versican, HA, or tenascin-C within neoplastic stroma of breast cancer tissues, especially at the leading edges of invasive foci (5, 6, 7) . In addition to our observed association of versican with relapse, both HA and tenascin-C have been associated with a poor disease outcome for breast cancer (8 , 9) . Thus, these three molecules appear to be coexpressed and associated with clinical outcome from breast cancer, and all are putative modulators of cellular attachment and motility in situ (10, 11, 12) . However, it is not clear which of these matrix factors might have the greatest importance with respect to determination of patient outcome from breast cancer.
The focus of this study, therefore, was to examine the level of versican, CS, tenascin, and HA in breast cancer tissues and to determine which of these components within the matrix complex is the strongest predictor of outcome for women with node-negative disease.
Patients and Tissues.
A retrospective cohort of 86 women who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer between 1987 and 1991 was assembled with approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia. All patients were node negative, and all tumor tissue samples were diagnosed as infiltrating ductal carcinoma (carcinoma of no special type). Thirty-five patients were in common with our previously reported cohort (1) . No patients in either cohort had previously received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy individually or in combination. The breast tumor tissue samples were graded according to the Elston and Ellis modification of the Bloom and Richardson grading system (13) . Steroid receptor status was routinely assessed using the radioligand binding assay (14) . Clinical and pathological data for the cohort is summarized in Table 1⇓ . Clinical follow-up was derived from patient case notes. Follow-up was 3-monthly. Recurrences were determined by Union International Contre Cancer method and reported by the Flinders Medical Centre Cancer Registry. Deaths were reported by the Flinders Medical Centre and South Australian Cancer Registries.
The following antibodies were used in this study: monoclonal anti-TN2 (Dako, Carpinteria, CA) against human tenascin hexabrachion structure; monoclonal anti-CS56 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) reactive for native CS epitopes; and rabbit antihuman versican (15) . In addition, a biotinylated complex of bovine cartilage aggrecan HA-binding region and link protein (bHABC) (16) was used to detect HA.
Immunohistochemical Staining.
Sections (4 μm) from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of breast cancer tissue were mounted on Histogrip-coated slides (Zymed Labs, San Francisco, CA) and baked for either 60 min or overnight at 50°C–60°C. They were then deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in ethanol, and rinsed in PBS (pH 7.4). Endogenous peroxidase was blocked using 0.3% H2O2 in PBS for 5 min. To detect antigenicity of versican, the sections were predigested with chondroitinase ABC [Sigma; 0.5 units/ml in 0.1 m Tris acetate buffer (pH 7.8), 0.1% BSA] 90 min at room temperature. After blocking nonspecific binding sites with 10% goat serum, the sections were incubated with rabbit antihuman versican (1:1000) overnight at 4°C, followed by addition of biotinylated goat antirabbit IgG secondary antibody (Vector Labs, Irvine, CA) and peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin (Dako). After each step, the sections were washed with PBS twice for 5 min. To detect CS, tissue sections were blocked with goat serum, followed by incubation with monoclonal mouse antibody CS56 (1:500) 60 min at room temperature. Subsequently, biotinylated goat antimouse IgG secondary antibody (Vector Labs) and peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin were applied to the sections. To detect tenascin, tissue sections were digested with 0.1% pepsin in 0.01 m HCl 60 min at 37°C before blocking with 10% normal horse serum. Sections were then incubated with monoclonal mouse antibody TN2 (1:400) 120 min at room temperature, followed by biotinylated horse antimouse IgG secondary antibody (Vector Labs), and then avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (Vector Labs). To detect HA, tissue sections were blocked for nonspecific binding with 1% BSA in PBS, incubated with bHABC probe (2.5 μg/ml, diluted in 1% BSA) overnight at 4°C, and then treated with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (1:200; Vector Labs) as reported previously (16) . The specificity of staining for HA was examined using tissue sections predigested with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (Seikagaku, Tokyo, Japan) in the presence of protease inhibitors.
Visualization of all of the various immunoreactions was achieved using diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (Sigma) and hydrogen peroxide [0.03% in 50 mm Tris-HCl (pH 7.6)] for 6 min. Sections were rinsed in tap water, counterstained with hematoxylin (excepting sections stained for HA), dehydrated through graded alcohols, cleared in xylene, and mounted using DPX (BDH Labs, Poole, United Kingdom).
Evaluation of Staining.
Immunostaining for the individual ECM components was performed in 86 patients. However, after staining, some cases were excluded because of insufficient residual tumor area for adequate analysis, resulting in 85 cases being available for versican staining, 85 cases for CS staining, 81 cases for tenascin staining, and 79 cases for HA staining.
The level of immunostaining for versican, CS, and tenascin was measured using an automated image analysis system (VideoPro 32; Leading Edge P/L, Marion, South Australia) as described previously (1) . Twenty images from random areas of each breast cancer tissue section were captured at ×66 magnification and edited using VideoPro 32 software. The images included both epithelial and stromal areas. Epithelial areas were evaluated visually for immunostaining and recorded for each of the above matrix components. Epithelial areas were then edited from the captured images, retaining only the stromal areas for quantitative image measurement. The following image measurements were recorded for the stromal tissue: total area and immunostained area (in pixels) and absorbance (i.e., reciprocal of optical density, in arbitrary density units), which represents the intensity of staining for each matrix component. The mean integrated absorbance (MIOD) was determined from the formula: stained area × integrated absorbance/divided by total area, for each section, and then the mean was calculated for the 20 images from each patient. Hence, MIOD is equivalent to the average stromal tissue concentration (expressed in arbitrary density units/pixel) of the individual matrix components.
The intensity of HA in peritumoral stromal tissue was graded visually as weak (+), moderate (++), and strong (+++). The expression of HA in breast cancer cells was classified as negative when <5% of cancer cells were stained, weak when 5–40% cells stained, moderate when 41–70% cells stained, and strong when 71–100% cells stained.
Statistical Analysis.
Statistical analysis was performed using SSPS 10 for Windows software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The relationship between clinicopathological variables and the concentration (MIOD) of ECM components was determined using χ2 test. Spearman's rho analysis was used to test for correlation between expression levels of the individual ECM components. Relapse-free survival was defined as the time from the date of diagnosis of disease to the date of disease recurrence (local or systemic). Overall survival was defined as the time from diagnosis of disease to death from breast cancer. Cox regression was used to correlate risks of relapse and death with the level of expression of individual matrix components. Kaplan-Meier product limit plots and log-rank tests were used to compare the rates of relapse or death for groups of patients dichotomized for high or low expression of matrix component. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Immunolocalization and Expression of Versican, CS, Tenascin, and HA.
Versican immunoreactivity was observed in the peritumoral stromal matrix of all breast cancer tissues examined (Fig. 1A)⇓ . The intensity of staining varied between patient samples, the median (range) concentration of versican in peritumoral stromal tissue being 8.68 (1.82–24.48) density units/pixel. In nonmalignant breast tissue, versican was either absent or presented as a thin discontinuous band of weak staining of the periductal stroma. Versican immunoreactivity was not observed in either cancer cells or the nonmalignant epithelial cells in any of the specimens.
CS immunoreactivity (epitope CS56) was observed in the peritumoral stromal tissue of all breast cancer tissues examined (Fig. 1B)⇓ , the median (range) concentration of CS being 16.97 (7.14–25.60) density units/pixel. In 10 of the 85 (12%) specimens, membranous and cytoplasmic staining of the malignant epithelial cells was evident (Fig. 1, C and D)⇓ . Weak immunostaining for CS was observed within the basement membrane of nonmalignant glands and in the surrounding collagenous stromal matrix (Fig. 1E)⇓ . CS was also present in nerve bundles and the adventitia of arteries (Fig. 1, F and G)⇓ . CS was not detected in normal ductal epithelial cells.
Tenascin immunoreactivity was observed in the peritumoral stroma of all breast cancer tissues examined (Fig. 1H)⇓ , the median (range) concentration of tenascin being 19.44 (3.48–34.69) density units/pixel. Tenascin immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of the malignant epithelial cells in only 3 of 81 (4%) of patients (Fig. 1I)⇓ . Tenascin was also detected as a thin band of weak immunoreactivity surrounding normal ducts and in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels within normal breast tissue (Fig. 1, J and K)⇓ . No tenascin expression was detected in normal ductal epithelial cells.
Staining for HA was present in the peritumoral stromal tissue of all specimens of breast carcinoma, with variable intensity between tumors (Fig. 1L)⇓ . Weak HA staining of the stromal tissue was observed in 10 of 79 (13%) of tumors, moderate staining in 17 of 79 (21%), and strong staining in 52 of 79 (66%). HA was also detected in the malignant epithelial cells of 65 of 79 (82%) specimens (Fig. 1M)⇓ . In 42 of these specimens, HA was detected in >40% of the carcinoma cells. HA staining was associated with the plasma membrane in 40 of 65 specimens, with the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm in 16 of 65 specimens and with the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm and the nucleus in 9 of 65 patients.
Relationship between Expression of the Individual ECM Components and Their Relationship with Clinicopathological Features of Node-Negative Primary Breast Cancer.
The relationships between the concentrations of the individual matrix components in peritumoral stromal tissue are shown in Table 2⇓ . Significant associations were detected between the levels of versican and CS (Fig. 2⇓ ; Spearman's rho, r = 0.334, P = 0.002) and between the levels of tenascin and HA in stroma (r = 0.322, P = 0.005). The relationships between the concentrations of versican, CS, tenascin, and HA and patient clinicopathological factors (tumor size, grade, stage, and steroid receptor status) were determined by χ2 analysis and are shown in Table 3⇓ . The level of versican staining of peritumoral stromal tissue was not related to any clinicopathological factor examined other than progesterone receptor status (P = 0.015). Increased expression of tenascin in peritumoral stromal tissue was significantly associated with increased tumor size (P = 0.014), tumor grade (P = 0.004), and stage (P = 0.008). Increased expression of HA in peritumoral stromal tissue and expression of HA by cancer cells were significantly associated with tumor grade (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.025, respectively).
Prediction of Disease Outcome Based on Immunoreactivity of the ECM Components.
An increased risk of relapse was predicted by increasing tumor size (P = 0.036) and by high levels of versican expression when tested as either a continuous (P = 0.047) or a dichotomized variable (cut point MIOD < 13 versus ≥ 13 density units/pixel, P = 0.007; Table 4A⇓ ). The cut point for versican was previously determined to be in the range of MIOD 13–14 density units/pixel (1) . Tenascin levels did not predict relapse-free survival. An increased risk of death was predicted by increasing tumor size (P = 0.05) and high levels of tenascin expression when tested as either a continuous (P = 0.024) or a dichotomized variable (cut point MIOD < 19.4 versus ≥19.4 density units/pixel, P = 0.019). Because there was no established MIOD cut point for tenascin, the median MIOD for the cohort was used. Versican levels in peritumoral stromal tissue did not predict overall survival. Neither the level of CS nor HA predicted relapse-free survival and overall survival in this cohort of node-negative breast cancer patients. Multivariate analysis comparing risks of relapse for tumor size and versican concentration indicated that these variables independently predicted relapse (Table 4B)⇓ . Multivariate analysis comparing risks of death for tumor size and tenascin concentration indicated that tenascin was the stronger predictor of overall survival (Table 4B)⇓ .
Versican and tenascin levels were investigated as dichotomized variables by Kaplan-Meier product limit and log-rank tests for rates of relapse and death (Fig. 3)⇓ . The rate of relapse was greater for the group of patients with versican level MIOD ≥ 13 (Fig. 3A⇓ , relapse-free survival at 5 years, 74 versus 35% for patients with versican levels MIOD < 13 and ≥ 13, respectively). Versican levels were not predictive of rate of death (Fig. 3B)⇓ , and tenascin levels were not predictive of rate of relapse (Fig. 3C)⇓ . The rate of death was greater for the group of patients with tenascin level MIOD ≥ 19.5 (Fig. 3D⇓ , overall survival at 5 years, 92 versus 66% for patients with tenascin levels MIOD < 19.5 and ≥ 19.5, respectively).
Because tumor size and versican concentration were independent variables in Cox multivariate analysis, combined scores for these variables were compared between patient subgroups in Kaplan-Meier plots to determine whether a more robust prediction of the rate of relapse for patients with node-negative, primary breast cancer could be achieved. Fig. 4⇓ illustrates that patients with small tumors and low versican concentration experienced fewer relapses than patients with large tumors and low versican level. In contrast, patients with high versican concentration, irrespective of tumor size, experienced a high rate of relapse (relapse-free survival at 5 years, 82 versus 64 versus 35% for the groups of patients with low versican and small tumors, low versican and large tumors, and high versican irrespective of tumor size, respectively).
A diagnosis of node-negative primary breast cancer segregates patients into a category of low risk of relapse and death but uncertainty of individual outcome remains. Although surgery is curative for the majority of women in this category, ∼30% of patients will relapse with progressive disease. Currently, there is no reliable means to predict those patients who are likely to relapse and would potentially benefit from more aggressive treatment at diagnosis. We recently reported that high levels of versican in peritumoral stromal tissue predicted relapse in a cohort of women with node-negative, primary breast cancer (1) . Versican is a recognized modulator of cellular adhesion and motility for mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and neural cells (17) , and increased expression of versican in their malignant derivatives, e.g., melanoma and astrocytoma, appears to contribute to a more aggressive phenotype (18 , 19) . There have been few studies, however, regarding the presence of versican and the level of tumor aggression for adenocarcinomas of tissues such as breast, prostate, and colon (1 , 20) .
Versican is a CS-proteoglycan and can bind specifically to other matrix molecules, principally HA and tenascin, leading to structural aggregations of matrix. CS proteoglycans, HA and tenascin, have been individually implicated in modulating cellular adhesion, and several reports suggest that these matrix components colocalize within the neoplastic stroma of tumors and the mesenchyme in embryonic tissues (5 , 21, 22, 23) . This suggests that these molecules may act in concert to achieve modulation of cellular attachment and motility. The results of our study indicate that within the putative matrix complex, the concentration of versican is related to the concentration of CS but not to the concentrations of tenascin and HA. The correlation between versican and CS suggests that versican is the predominant CS-proteoglycan present in the peritumoral stromal tissue of breast cancer. The variability in the ratio of versican to tenascin and HA concentrations between individual patients suggests that the putative matrix complex in peritumoral stroma is not assembled in a fixed ratio of composition. Reinforcing this structural variability, no uniform association is observed between the matrix components and the clinicopathological features of the individual carcinomas. Increased tenascin levels are related to increased tumor size, higher grade, and stage, all accepted features of more aggressive carcinomas. Increased versican is independent of these features. The association of tenascin expression with a number of features of tumor aggression is consistent with earlier studies (24, 25, 26) . In agreement with other studies, HA (stromal and cancer cell associated) is related only to grade (8) .
An examination of the predictive power of the individual matrix components by Cox regression analysis indicated that tumor size predicts both risk of relapse and risk of death, whereas versican and tenascin content of the peritumoral stromal tissue predicts only risk of relapse and risk of death, respectively. Neither CS nor HA are predictive of outcome in this cohort of node-negative, primary breast cancer. In agreement with this study, HA expression was not predictive of outcome for the subgroup of node-negative women7 within a previously published cohort of women with breast cancer (8) . An important finding of this study is that not only is versican concentration independent of tumor size (χ2), but versican concentration and tumor size are independent predictors of outcome (Cox multivariate analysis) for patients with node-negative breast cancer. Because of this independence, a robust prediction of outcome can be achieved by combination of tumor size and versican concentration in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Patients with high peritumoral versican concentration experience the highest rate of relapse irrespective of the tumor size (>75% at 5 years). Patients with low versican concentration and small tumors experience the lowest relapse rate (<20% at 5 years).
The scatter of points in the Spearman plot for women with node-negative breast cancer (Fig. 2, r⇓ = 0.334) denoting the ratio of concentration of versican core protein to CS side chains, when compared with the same ratio in men with early stage prostate cancer (r = 0.742; Ref. 20 ), suggests a greater variability in CS proteoglycan type and/or glycosylation level in breast cancer. In support of this observation, the level of CS in peritumoral stroma in breast cancer is unrelated to risk and rate of relapse, whereas there is a highly significant association in prostate cancer (27 , 28) . This suggests that there may be a fundamental difference in the expression of CS proteoglycan types between breast and prostate cancers. One prime example of this difference in expression is that unlike prostate cancer cells, 12% of breast cancer specimens contain CS-immunoreactive cancer cells.
This study suggests that within the putative matrix complex of versican, tenascin, and HA in peritumoral stromal tissue, versican alone predicts risk of relapse and may be the principal component responsible for cancer cell metastasis in node-negative, primary breast cancer. The biological role of HA in breast cancer appears less clear. Although HA appears not to be associated with disease outcome in node-negative breast cancer, this molecule is associated with outcome for unselected primary breast cancer patients (8) . Moreover, HA is clearly involved in cellular motility by virtue of its ability to form a pericellular sheath in combination with aggregating proteoglycans such as versican and aggrecan (12) . Although the sheath is anchored by HA-receptors such as CD44, which have themselves been associated with outcome in breast cancer (29) , the existence of sheath relies on its aggregating proteoglycan content (30) .8 To clarify the independent roles of HA and versican, in vitro studies need to be performed to determine whether versican promotes motility and invasion of breast cancer cells in the absence of a pericellular sheath of HA.
The biological role of tenascin in breast cancer also remains unclear despite its reported antiadhesive activity, which would favor cell motility and growth promotion (10) . Tenascin expression has been associated with cell proliferation and may represent a strong marker for local and distant recurrence (31) . In addition, a series of reports suggest that tenascin expression may be a suitable marker for predicting the invasive potential of premalignant breast lesions, including ductal carcinoma in situ (9 , 32 , 33) .
In conclusion, this study has shown that although the ECM components versican, tenascin, and HA appear to be colocated within a putative complex with anticellular adhesive properties, the ratio of versican content to the other matrix components varies between individual tumors. Within this complex, versican appears to be the sole predictor for risk and rate of relapse, independent of tumor size, and this would suggest that this molecule has a primary role in breast cancer spread for patients with node negative disease. Tenascin, on the other hand, is related to a number of features associated with tumor aggression and is associated only with risk and rate of death. Its role in progression of breast cancer remains unclear. HA appears from this study to be unrelated to progression of node-negative breast cancer, despite the reported necessity of the versican-cross-linked pericellular sheath of HA for cell motility. Further study is required to determine how these molecules cooperate to control cancer cell metastasis.
We thank Dr. Stephen Birrell and Professor Villis Marshall for helpful suggestions in the preparation of this manuscript.
Grant support: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, the Cancer Council of South Australia, the Flinders Medical Centre Foundation, the Finnish Cancer Council, and EVO funds of Kuopio University Hospital.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Requests for reprints: David J. Horsfall, Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute, University of Adelaide, Box 14, Rundle Mall PO, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000 Australia, Phone: 618-8222-3271; Fax: 618-8222-3217; E-mail: david.horsfall{at}imvs.sa.gov.au
↵7 R. Tammi, unpublished data.
↵8 C. Ricciardelli unpublished data.
- Received September 2, 2003.
- Revision received December 19, 2003.
- Accepted January 8, 2004.


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Power Apps error message: Your camera isn't set up, or you're already using it.
Now you can query CDS / Dynamics 365 using SQL (SSMS)
Much awaited, the ability to query the CDS / Dynamics 365 using SQL is now finally in Preview.
Sharing features/tools trickling down to the rest of the Dynamics family – Office Add-in
Microsoft PowerApps Office Add-in brings to the Power Platform functionality previously only available to our Dynamics 365 F&O/AX friends.
Canvas App – present grid data
Can I present in a Canvas App a grid of data similar to what I see in an Excel spreadsheet?
Concatenate Record Name using Flow
Now you can concatenate record names or any other fields from values in other fields or fields of related records in minutes. Gone are the days of custom code.

subset: commoncrawl


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Faculty Instructional Development (FID)
New Online Courses
Karen Spear Ellinwood, PhD, JD, EdS, director of Faculty instructional development, has launched a number of online courses for educator development aimed at supporting attendings, residents, fellows and community-based physicians who teach our medical students.
- Residents as Educators course
- Clinician Educator Series
- D2L Online Course for Community-based Preceptors*
- A new course for classroom instructors is in development and will be offered via PlayPosit.
Announcements about tips for teaching in classroom settings, including how to design flipped learning experiences, use active learning strategies and technology is distributed via a faculty development newsletter. Faculty can subscribe to the newsletter by clicking here.
Dr. Spear Ellinwood has created online courses distributed through PlayPosit, a free web-based software offered through the Office of Digital learning at the UA, for Residents as Educators (RAE), community-based preceptors and core faculty (view/download registration guide). The course serves as an introduction to principles of teaching, assessment and feedback and offers specific strategies for addressing challenges in these areas. An online course for classroom educators is coming soon!
In addition, Dr. Spear Ellinwood has embedded her PlayPosit course for clinician educators in a new D2L learning space for community-based preceptors. She is collaborating with David Dawley, MPH, Program Coordinator Senior, and Carlos Gonzales, MD, FAAFP, who both serve as co-instructors in the D2L course. Mr. Dawley recruits and welcomes new community-based preceptors and helps to orient them to their role as educators in clerkship activities. Dr. Gonzales recruits as well as offers direct guidance to preceptors for teaching medical students. With Mr. Dawley'sparticipation in the D2L course, community-based preceptors will be able to access current information about their role and responsibilities as teachers in their respective clerkships, as well as access the general clerkship manual and sign and submit routine forms. The D2L course also enables Dr. Spear Ellinwood and Mr. Dawleyto conduct live sessions with preceptors throughout the state using the Zoom conference feature. Preceptors may also use the "Zoom Student" feature to connect with one another.
In addition to Zoom and UAHS Library resources, the D2L course also embeds the PlayPosit video course for preceptors in the course.
To enroll in the D2L course for clinician educators, please email Karen or David Dawley, MPH.
A Unique Approach to Faculty Coaching
Dr. Spear Ellinwood takes a unique approach to teaching teachers, inspired by the theory called "Funds of Knowledge for Teachers" (Gonzalez, Moll & Amanti, 2005). This theory calls upon the instructor to explore who their learners are, where they live and how their social, academic and family funds of knowledge may contribute to making teaching more effective and the learning experience more productive. In short, this means that effective teachers make connections between the environment in which their learners live and the concept to be learned. In the case of clinician educators, Dr. Spear Ellinwood observes faculty in their "home" settings – in clinic, the OR and at the bedside while they teach students. She learns a great deal about the challenges of teaching in a variety of clinical settings, observes excellent teaching and collaborates with instructors to enhance their approach to teaching and feedback.
Peer Review of Teaching
Recently, the UA has required that all faculty seeking promotion and/or tenure be evaluated according to the protocol established by the Office of Instruction and Assessment (OIA) on main campus. The OIA Protocol represents best practice in peer review of teaching and fosters communication between the reviewer and reviewee before, during and after observations. The goal is to create a positive climate in which faculty feel comfortable being observed and evaluated and have an opportunity to both receive feedback and offer input on the process. Since Dr. Spear Ellinwood had been using the "Funds of Knowledge" approach to faculty coaching and conducted peer reviews of teaching closely aligned with this protocol, the Office of Faculty Affairs has asked her to train faculty in other departments to do OIA protocol peer evaluations, as well as to conduct them for departments as needed and until faculty complete training.
If your department would like to schedule a training session for your faculty, please contact Karen at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Support & Training for Ed Tech in the Classroom
In addition to on-site faculty coaching, Dr. Spear Ellinwood provides support for designing active learning experiences for classroom learning, how to use technology and embed its use in the teaching/learning process. For example, in consultation with Dr. Nafees Ahmad last year, Dr. Spear Ellinwood transformed learning materials previously distributed to students in PDF into a lab manual and case-based learning materials for microbiology in the Infection and Immunology Block of the pre-clerkship curriculum. She helps faculty to make lecture and discussion sessions more engaging with the use of PollEverywhere, and wrote the script for and co-directed a movie short for use in the interprofessional curriculum on disabilities.
Teaching is a great honor. We should challenge ourselves to push beyond the ordinary way of teaching and learn new ways of engaging our learners, making the classroom experience more interesting, and sharing what we learn along the way with our colleagues.
If you would like to learn new ways of teaching or how to integrate technology in your teaching, please contact Karen at email@example.com.
The FID Newsletter
If you would like regular updates on opportunities for faculty instructional development, please click here to view the landing page and subscribe to the newsletter.
Pathways in Health and Medicine
The Pathways in Health and Medicine curriculum led two sessions in late September in the MSS block for the Class of 2023.
In the "Care of the Athlete" session students heard about the unique health needs of athletes from former UA Women's Track star Georgann Moline. At the 2021 U.S. Olympics, Georganne finished fifth in the Olympic 400 meter hurdles; she is now preparing for the 2020 Olympic trials. Together, with Assistant Head Team Physician for UA Athletics, Bruce Helming, MD, they gave an insider's view on the experience of health care from the perspective of an elite athlete and some of the current day controversies in the field of sports medicine.
Colleen Cagno, MD, then moderated a panel on "Limb Loss and Amputation." Panelists included Alexis Johnson, Class of 2023; Tim Cook, PT, DPT, Amputation Rehabilitation Coordinator at the Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (SAVAHCS) who was joined by two of his patients, Alvert Kemp, and, US Army SFC Green Beret, Caleb Brewer; and finally, Kent Sluder, a certified Prosthetist/Orthotist with Pongratz Orthotics & Prosthetics, Inc. The patient panelists shared their experiences with limb loss and the providers explaind the models of care and early stages of rehabilitation. Samples prosthetics were passed around the room in order for students to gain an appreciation of the different types of adaptive equipment and modifications in gait.


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Harringay, Haringey - So Good they Spelt it Twice!
Our sessions are for all who are 50-80+ who enjoying dancing and want to keep fit, make new friends and learn together. 2012 is going to be exciting year for Creative Dance 60+. This term sessions are running from January 18th - 28th March 2012 every Wednesday. We are a local not-for-profit community organisation.We maintain our open policy so people can attend when this wish as so many people ha…
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The Chain Letter: Chapter 2
View the Table of Contents "There you are!" Dacnis called out from across the Glade, just as her beloved reached into a hollow log. "You surprised me," Dhaval confessed when she caught up with him. He blushed and checked his … Continue reading
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Sims Writers Website Coming Soon
I am very excited to tell you about my newest project to help promote Sims stories and storytellers; a new social networking site called Sims Writers! Last month I started the Sims 4 Storyteller Group on the official forum, and … Continue reading
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News & Events
Welcome to Tunjang Ulung !Event Date : 27/01/2014 Monday
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Presented by
The John Murphy Show October 18
Bills Insider Chris Brown provided a live practice update (00:05). Bills Hall of Fame RB Thurman Thomas talked about how the offense can make improvements (00:49). Surprise guest Michael Vick discussed his upcoming feature interview with Tyrod Taylor (55:45). Bills safety Micah Hyde talked about adjusting to life in Buffalo and the upcoming game against the Buccaneers (1:32:00). St. Francis High School football coach Jerry Smith discussed tomorrow night's matchup against Canisius (1:58:00).


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What's for dinner? Or breakfast or lunch, for that matter? These are questions households across the country wrestle with everySee Full Post
When selecting an independent living community, it's important to consider the amenities offered and how they can contribute to aSee Full Post
If you're like millions of Americans today, you may be considering a move to an independent living community. One ofSee Full Post
"Why I Chose Independent Living" Retirement is a time of celebration and reflection; looking back on what you've accomplished inSee Full Post
Redefining the concept of senior living New is good. New keeps you curious and moving forward. Familiar allows you toSee Full Post


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« VorigeDoorgaan »
mechanism, and designed its use. This conclusion is invincible. A second examination
presents us with a new discovery. The watch
is found, in the course of its movement, to
produce another watch, similar to itself; and
not only so, but we perceive in it a system of
organization, separately calculated for that
purpose. What effect would this discovery
have, or ought it to have, upon our former
inference? What, as hath already been said,
but to increase, beyond measure, our admiration of the skill, which had been employed/ in the formation of such a machine? Or shall it, instead of this, all at once turn us round
to an opposite conclusion, viz. that no art or
skill whatever has been concerned in the busi
ness, although all other evidences of art and
skill remain as they were, and this last and
supreme piece of art be now added to the rest?
Can this be maintained without absurdity?
Yet this is atheism.
which existed in the watch, exists in the works of nature; with the difference, on the side of | nature, of being greater and more, and that | in a degree which exceeds all computation. I mean that the contrivances of nature surpass the contrivances of art, in the complexity, subtility, and curiosity of the mechanism; and still more, if possible, do they go beyond | them in number and variety; yet, in a mul| titude of cases, are not less evidently mechanical, not less evidently contrivances, not less evidently accommodated to their end, or suited to their office, than are the most perfect productions of human ingenuity. I know no better method of introducing so large a subject, than that of comparing a single thing with a single thing; an eye, for example, with a telescope. As far as the examination of the instrument goes, there is precisely the same proof that the eye was made for vision, as there is that the telescope was ) made for assisting it. They are made upon the same principles; both being adjusted to the laws by which the transmission and refraction of rays of light are regulated. I speak not of the origin of the laws themselves; but such laws being fixed, the construction, in both cases, is adapted to them. For instance; these laws require, in order to produce the same effect, that the rays of light, in passing from water into the eye, should be refracted by a more convex surface, than when it passes out of air into the eye. Accordingly we find that the eye of a fish, in that part of it called the crystalline lens, is much rounder than the eye of terrestrial animals. What plainer manifestation of design can there be than this difference? What could a mathematical-instrument-maker have done more, to show his knowledge of his principle, his application of that knowledge, his suiting of his means to his end; I will not say to dis
play the compass or excellence of his skill and
art, for in these all comparison is indecorous,
fact is, that they are both instruments. And,
as to the mechanism, at least as to mechanism being employed, and even as to the kind of it, this circumstance varies not the analogy at all. For observe, what the constitution of the eye is. It is necessary, in order to produce distinct vision, that an image or picture of the object be formed at the bottom of the eye.
Whence this necessity arises, or how the picture is connected with the sensation, or contributes to it, it may be difficult, nay we will confess, if you please, impossible for us to search out. But the present question is not concerned in the inquiry. It may be true, that, in this, and in other instances, we trace mechanical contrivance a certain way; and that then we come to something which is not mechanical, or which is inscrutable. But this affects not the certainty of our investigation, as far as we have gone. The difference
we are stopped; either the mechanism becoming too subtile for our discerment, or something else beside the known laws of mechanism taking place; whereas, in the automaton,
for the comparatively few motions of which
it is capable, we trace the mechanism throughout. But, up to the limit, the reasoning is as clear and certain in the one case, as in the other. In the example before us, it is a matter of certainty, because it is a matter which experience and observation demonstrate, that the formation of an image at the bottom of the eye is necessary to perfect vision. The image itself can be shown, Whatever affects
the distinctness of the image, affects the distinctness of the vision. The formation then of such an image being necessary (no matter how) to the sense of sight, and to the exercise of that sense, the apparatus by which it is formed is constructed and put together, not only with infinitely more art, but upon the self-same principles of art, as in the telescope or the camera obscura. The perception arising from the image may be laid out of the question; for the production of the image, these are instruments of the same kind. The end is the same; the means are the same. The purpose in both is alike; the contrivance for accomplishing that purpose is in both alike. The lenses of the telescope, and the humours of the eye, bear a complete resemblance to one another, in their figure, their position, and in their power over the rays of light, viz. in bringing each pencil to a point at the right distance from the lens; namely, in the eye, at the exact place where the membrane is spread to receive it. How is it possible, under circumstances of such close affi-A nity, and under the operation of equal evidence, to exclude contrivance from the one; yet to acknowledge the proof of contrivance having been employed, as the plainest and clearest of all propositions, in the other? .


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- Ruined Leather Scraps
- Crafting Reagent
- Item Level 5
- Requires Skinning (1)
- Use: Piece together three ruined leather scraps to create one piece of light leather.
- Sell Price: 7
Ruined Leather Scraps are a common result of [Skinning] low-level mobs. Three Ruined Leather Scraps can be combined into one [Light Leather].
These tattered bits of leather are skinned from low-level beasts up to level 13 or so.
Ingredient for
- 3 Ruined Leather Scraps can be combined into 1 [Light Leather].
Patch changes
- Patch 6.0.1 (24-Apr-2014): Stack size changed to 200 from 20.
- Patch 1.11.1 (28-Jun-2006): Added.
External links
- Create Light Leather
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Serie A brothers Hamed and Amad Traore reportedly risk long bans, amidst allegations they may have lied about the identity of their father.
La Repubblica reports how the prosecutor's office in Parma investigated five Ivorians for 'aiding illegal immigration' into Italy.
One of them was a 45-year-old male named Hamed Mamadou Traore whom, it is alleged, Hamed Jr and Amad used to get into the country.
Another of those currently being investigated is an Atalanta employee by the name of Marina Edwige Carine Teher.
Although neither the Sassuolo midfielder nor Atalanta winger are formally considered suspects, the newspaper warns they risk a long suspension from football if found guilty of being complicit.
A third suspect, Bly Blaise Tehe, was accused in December 2017 of illegally bringing five young Ivorian footballers into Italy, among them Hamed and Amad.
The situation is similar to that of former Chievo and Inter winger Eriberto, who eventually came out as Luciano, four years older than he had claimed.
Watch Serie A live in the UK on Premier Sports for just £9.99 per month including live LaLiga, Eredivisie, Scottish Cup Football and more. Visit: https://www.premiersports.com/subscribenow


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Source: Warner Bros. Pictures
Bateman and McAdams star as Max and Annie, whose weekly couples game night gets kicked up a notch when Max's charismatic brother, Brooks (Chandler), arranges a murder mystery party, complete with fake thugs and faux federal agents. So when Brooks gets kidnapped, it's all part of the game…right? But as the six uber-competitive gamers set out to solve the case and win, they begin to discover that neither this "game"—nor Brooks—are what they seem to be. Over the course of one chaotic night, the friends find themselves increasingly in over their heads as each twist leads to another unexpected turn. With no rules, no points, and no idea who all the players are, this could turn out to be the most fun they've ever had…or game over.
In Theaters March 2, 2018
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More: voting rights
With a holiday called Father's Day here I must reflect on the different path most Native Americans had to follow as fathers.
Voting barriers for Native Americans have always existed, but polling cutbacks, discriminatory voter ID laws and lack of funding for elections are making things worse.
'For over a century, Arizona has repeatedly targeted its American Indian, Hispanic and African American citizens, limiting or eliminating their ability to vote and to participate in the political process,' a federal appeals court judge said.
At least 10 Native candidates are running for U.S. Congress in 2020.
The voting rights of Native Americans are routinely suppressed by a slew of requirements and practices, such as photo ID laws and a scarcity of polling places, tribal leaders said.
We may be in the beginning stages of the process that could remove the president.
The 2020 Census was going forward without a U.S. citizenship question. Until someone tweeted otherwise.
A story that journalism should report often: Our election framework needs a serious fix.
It's now been more than 100 days since Democrats have held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Barriers to voting in North Dakota and South Dakota were discussed at a Congressional field hearing hosted by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe.
'Voter access is a human right,' says North Dakota State Rep. Ruth Buffalo, who made history at the polls amid attempts to stifle turnout in Indian Country.
A bill requires the Montana State-Tribal Relations Committee to conduct an interim study on barriers to voting by Native Americans.
H.R.1 is a rushed and sloppy attempt to rewrite voting laws, election laws and campaign finance laws to get more Democrats elected.
Democrats are planning to focus on voting rights, elections and campaign finance when they take control of the U.S. House of Representatives.
When Native voters show up to the polls, they've shown significant political power.
The non-Native hold on power in San Juan County, Utah, has finally come to an end.
There are a hundred-plus Native American candidates running for office. More than half are women.
Native voters are continuing to fight the state of North Dakota's restrictive voter identification law.
Democrats have had many opportunities to be true allies to indigenous people. Instead, they have saved their anger for when it suited their needs.
After an eleventh-hour decision that could disqualify many Native American voters, tribal governments find their own solutions.
Native voters in North and South Dakota embrace the value of their vote since Standing Rock.
I wholeheartedly endorse Dr. Gavin Clarkson, an enrolled tribal member, for New Mexico Secretary of State.
What we need is a community organizer to get out there and bring the Native American population together.
Native voters have low participation rates in federal and state elections, but the problem isn't apathy.
Some states are seeing how far they can go in disenfranchising certain voters, including Native American ones.
Thousands of Native voters in North Dakota will be disenfranchised ahead of a critical election unless they take action to protect their rights.
Arizona has a long history of discriminating against Native voters. A new law may help those efforts.
Alaska tribes, despite being more than the nation's capital, know the truth about Brett Kavanaugh's agenda.
The Navajo Nation election centers on clean water, purged voter rolls and a fading coal economy.
The non-Indian power structure in a Utah county is slowly being dismantled.
Native Americans have been 'systematically denied access to fair representation' as a result of persistent barriers to voting.
Please help us make voting our new tradition in Indian Country.
A group of contemporary Lakota women have bravely stepped forward to take on the daunting task of reforming the Oglala Sioux Tribe's 82-year old constitution.
Native voters in North Dakota continue to fight for their rights amid repeated attempts to limit their participation.
Voting can still be a challenge for Native Americans, who may face language barriers, registration difficulties and a lack of access to polling places and government services.
An Oglala Sioux Tribe task force wants citizens who live within treaty boundaries included in elections.
The practice of gerrymandering had been used against the Lakota people in South Dakota for many years.
Candidates and organizers think now is the time for Indigenous lawmakers.
We must come together as only a group of decent humans can and build a path that leads to freedom and contentment for our grandchildren.
Educating our youth can only provide them with their much needed sense of identity and thus the wherewithal to return to the old Oceti Sakowin system of government.
Were you to ask every enrolled member of the Oglala Sioux Tribe whether constitutional reform and revision is important, the response would be an overwhelming yes.
The Oglala Sioux Tribe has never relinquished ownership of the Black Hills. So why are tribal citizens who live there disenfranchised?
A federal judge in Utah has scheduled two public hearings to determine how to draw the districts in a county where the Native vote has been suppressed for decades.
The Native American Voting Rights Coalition is identifying and documenting obstacles faced by Native voters.
Despite granting Native people the right to vote, the White supremacy mentality remains steadfast among most federal and state decision makers.
The nation's oldest Indian legal advocacy group is speaking out President Trump's new voter fraud initiative.
In 50 years, Indians will be closing in on being the majority in South Dakota.
It's tough to give a poll worker your street address when you don't live on a traditional street, but that's just one of the challenges that Native American voters who live on a reservation can face.
The Utah League of Native American Voters is hosting the first-ever Native issues forum as the election quickly approaches.
Native citizens who lack identification will still be able to exercise their voting rights after winning a lawsuit in federal court.
Native Americans have represented a majority and near majority in San Juan County yet non-Indians control the political system.
Walker River Paiute Chairman Bobby Sanchez, Pyramid Lake Paiute Chairman Vinton Hawley and three veterans are seeking equal access to the polls.
We may live in Rapid City but we are Oglala and we should be given every right of a citizen of the Pine Ridge Reservation.
Significant barriers to voting exist throughout Indian Country today.
The president of the National Congress of American Indians calls on the federal government to do more to protect voting rights in Indian Country.
Tribal leaders and members say more people on the reservation will be able to vote thanks for the judge's ruling.
A federal judge put a halt to a new voter identification law citing discriminatory impacts on Native Americans.
If you consider the fact that we as Native Americans have not yet celebrated a century of citizenship on our own lands, you begin to understand why Native American history is always swept under the rug.
The offices are located in nine counties and will help tribal citizens exercise their voting rights.


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With its 42-10 victory over Georgia in the SEC Championship Game, the LSU Tigers have claimed the SEC's automatic bid to the BCS and are headed to the BCS National Championship Game.
LSU ends the season as the only undefeated team in the Football Bowl Subdivision. The Tigers beat eight teams ranked in the top 25 this season at the time of their meeting, and ran through the SEC undefeated for the first time in school history.
Thirteen victories, almost all of which came in a national spotlight, gave the Tigers the exposure they needed and they delivered on the spotlight, allowing LSU to be the undeniable No. 1 team in the country. The Tigers even received a perfect score from the BCS in the last two weeks, as the computer rankings also respected the Tigers' overall resume.
The Tigers are likely to face Alabama in the title game, a rematch of a 9-6 Tigers victory earlier this season.


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Used about 3 times. Picture of the original receipt included. Legitimate Michael Kors backpack. Also has a tech padded area inside for small laptops and iPads. This is the large version of the backpack.
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Midnight Essays
March 14, 2020
Li'l Salinger Girl dialed up her brother that afternoon, when Nelson had barely finished showering and shaving, before he had even had anything to eat. She told him where she was and that she'd be waiting for him. Though hungry, he threw his things into his suitcase an...
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Italian winter resorts attract so many fans of winter recreation. Where can we go skiing near Milan? For all lovers of skiing, there is an overview of the 10 most beautiful ski resorts not far from Milan.
Ski resorts near Milan:
Livigno ski resort in the Alps, located in the north of Italy at an altitude of 1816 m. The resort is surrounded by the Swiss and Alta-Waltellina mountains. Here you can enjoy skiing until late spring, and the skiing season begins earlier than in other areas. The slopes will be appreciated by both experts and beginners.
It takes four hours to get from Milan by car. The cost of a one-day pass to the lift (ski pass) is about 49 euros. (Price depends on season).
Madesimo is a small village at an altitude of 1550 m with 27 tracks of varying difficulty: 15 blue, 9 red and 3 black tracks. This ski resort in the Alta Valtellina region is also known for its thermal mineral spring. A popular resort near the Milanese, which can be reached from Milan in two hours by car.
Ski resort with about 60 km of slopes for all tastes. Large pistes ideal for both children and those who want to learn how to ski. There are also complex slopes with a height of 1000 meters, such as the famous Canalone descent, which connects Pizzo-Gropper and Pian di Larici. The price of ski pass is about 36 euros.
Chiesa Valmalenco
Excellent quiet place for budget prices for lovers of skiing holidays. The advantage of this resort is that it is only 120 km away from the airport of Milan. A breathtaking panorama, 20 interconnected ski runs and the highlight of this place is the famous Gustav Thöni course with one of the world's largest funiculars. Ski pass will cost 41 euros. It takes less than three hours to get from Milan to Chiesa Valmalenco.
Aprica is a resort located 160 km from Milan. Ideal place for active winter holidays for both beginners and professionals. The longest super panoramic route here is about 6 km long and offers magnificent views. Aprica is a cozy and well equipped village with typical restaurants and shops, discos and a skating rink.
Aprica is located between the provinces of Brescia and Sondrio, and the city can be reached in less than 3 hours by car from Milan. Aprica Ski Center is divided into four parts: Campetti, Palabione, Magnolta and Baradello, each of these areas has its own characteristics.
The price of ski pass is about 35 euros for adults. Aprica is considered to be a cozy and relatively inexpensive winter resort surrounded by picturesque nature.
Foppolo is the most famous winter resort in the province of Bergamo, located in the lower part of the Brembana Valley. The resort has 19 slopes suitable for beginners and advanced skiers alike.
Prices for ski pass from 25 to 30 euros. It takes 2 hours and 40 minutes to get from Milan by car.
The resort is at an altitude of 2250 to 1660 meters above sea level with 25 types of slopes suitable for skiers of all levels. Prezolana is located 50 kilometers from Bergamo and has three skiing areas: Kohler, Prezolana and Monte Pora. The daily price of ski pass: 35 euros.
Holidays will also be enjoyed by those who are eager to get acquainted with historical sights.
It takes less than 2 hours to get to Presolana from Milan.
Ponte di Legno – Passo del Tonale
Ponte di Legno- is an ancient mountain village popular with the Milanese. The slopes are located at an altitude of 1258 meters above sea level in the heart of Alta Valle Camonica. The cost of ski pass for adults is about 44 euros per day. From Milan to Ponte di Legno you can reach it in 3 hours by car.
Piani di Bobbio:
Piani di Bobbio is 15 km from the east coast of the famous Lake Como and 70 km from Milan, and thanks to the new tunnel through the mountain on the Lecco-Ballabio road, you can reach your destination in about an hour from Milan. In addition, the expressway from Milan to Piani di Bobbio is free of charge. Ski pass costs 31 euros for adults.
Read more about my trip to Piani di Bobbio in this article.
A prestigious alpine resort at an altitude of 1200 m, where the highest level of competition is held. The ski resort in Bormio is famous for its long and interesting slopes. This area boasts the famous Stelvio Piste and offers many opportunities for those who have never skied, as well as those who are experienced in skiing. The cost of Ski pass in the high season is 37 euros. It takes less than three hours to get to Bormio by car from Milan.
The resort, located an hour's drive from Bergamo. Montecampione is considered to be the pearl of the Italian Alps. Developed infrastructure and chic views will make your stay unforgettable. Prices here are much lower than in the famous luxury resorts. Montecampione offers a lot of entertainment for those who are not skiing.


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Soap Opera News is saddened to report that fans of Another World, which ran on NBC from 1964 -1999, are mourning the death of Carol Lynley, who portrayed Judge Martha Dunlay on the show. Carol passed away at her residence on September 3, where she died in her sleep. She was 77 years old.
Carol enjoyed an impressive five-decade-long career in theater, television, and movies. She began her career as a child model for Sears & Roebuck, and her first big break occurred when Walt Disney noticed her on the cover of Life Magazine. He then cast her in the 1958 Disney movie "The Light In The Forest." From there, Carol went on to star in the broadway play and its movie adaptation "Blue Denim," for which she earned a Golden Globe nomination for most promising newcomer.
She also appeared in the movie "Return To Peyton Place," in which she portrayed the lead character of Allison MacKenzie, and in "The Poseidon Adventure," in which she performed the song The Morning After as the character Nonnie Parry. She also appeared on prominent TV programs such as "The Man From U.N.C.L.E." and "Alfred Hitchcock Presents."
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, she made numerous television appearances, including "Fantasy Island," "Kojak,' and "Hawaii Five-O," among others. Her final role was in the 2006 short film titled "Vic," which was directed by Sage Stallone, son of Sylvester Stallone.
Carol was married in 1960 to publicist Michael Selsman, and she had an 18-year relationship with British talk show host David Frost. She is survived by her daughter Jill Selsman.
"She loved working in film as much as she loved going to the movies," Jill told People Magazine. "I saw everything as a child with her. She was curious about the world around her, loved to spend time with interesting people of all stripes and was generally a very peaceful person. Very live and let live."
Our sincerest condolences go to Carol's family at this time. Don't forget to check back with CDL for all the latest entertainment news and updates.


text: After you have a baby people, mainly doctors, like to tell you what you can expect or what to look for. Things like post partum depression comes up a lot. I have experienced two very different births. I had a csection birth with Pickle. Then I had a vaginal birth (vbac) with Poppy. You can check out those... Continue Reading →


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In the digitally connected world today, it has changed the way kids develop and grow with real-time play and toy experiences. With that, why not combined these two different aspects into one immersive experience that will never be the same. Just in time for the holiday season, Hearts for Hearts Girls dolls, the awarding-winning doll line, has released an all-new interactive app for both Apple and Android. Allow your little girl to step interactively travel into other parts of the world and experience different cultures. Hearts For Hearts Girls' dolls reflect the lives and challenges of real girls from around the world.
Hearts for Hearts Girls Combine the Love of Dolls with Interactive App Game Play #MegaChristmas17
December 17, 2017 by 12 Comments


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What is a Scam?
A scam is designed to trick you into giving away your money, personal details or data by offering an attractive deal or false information.
See Types of Scams
See Types of Scams
Anonymous | 21 Feb 2020
I have recently started to use Lazada to buy online. Usually i would receive sms from lazada to inform me of my online purchase delivery. Two days ago, i received a sms from lazada informing that i am a winner of their January lucky draw. Since it was the same SMS that Lazada used to inform me of delivery, i did not suspect it will be a scam until i clicked the link. The link led me to a survey and questions seems legit. Next it prompted me to select the color of the phone. Then delivery option either ninja van or singpost. Ninja is free whilst singpost cost $2. Naturally i chose ninja but it says it is not available. Thus i need to use singpost and pay the $2. Then i was lead to provide my credit details. At this stage, i became suspicious and decided not to complete the transaction until i verified with lazada if this is a genuine promotion. I was informed by Lazada that this is a scam and that they have received high volume of report. What puzzle me is there is no such warning in lazada site nor did they report about a hack on their website. Obviously my personal details have been given. But 2 days have passed, but no report or action from Lazada.
Join our mailing list. Spread awareness and stay united against scams.
Stay current. Get the latest scam alerts & news in your email or WhatsApp.And remember to share these important updates with your loved ones to help fight scams too!


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18 Jun 2019
T: Telephone02 4952 3355
18 Jun 2019
Congratulations to Gabriella Gardner who was announced as Hunter Region Young Band person of the year on Thursday night at Newcastle Conservatorium. A great honour indeed.
address 109 Lambton Road Broadmeadow NSW 2292
telephone 02 4952 3355
email email@example.com
We acknowledge the traditional owners of this land, the Awabakal people.
Copyright for this website is owned by the State of New South Wales through the Department of Education. For more information go to http://www.dec.nsw.gov.au/footer/copyright.


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Online Sermons:
Click here to view our online video sermons/worship services.
Click here to access manuscripts of Pastor Bob's sermons.
See below for audio sermons from the past few years.
Active filter: Book: Matthew (x)
Preacher: Pastor Jimm Roland (21), Other (3), Ryan Dunlevy (3), Barry Weidman (3), Bob Kettering (2), Rev. David Stauffer (1), Scott Moyer (1), Rev. Tina Kulp (1), Rev. Craig Smith (1), Rob Dagen (1).
Series: To Follow in Jesus' Steps (2), Greatest Words of Love (1), Follow (3), Inside Out Change (1), Values That Last (2), Freely You Have Received…Freely Give (2), Loving Like Jesus Loved (1), Story of a Lifetime (1), Giving It Up (3), Financial Fitness (2), Big Questions (2), Words From the Cross (1), Keys to a Blessed Life (1), Acts (1), General (14).
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Wednesday, September 19, 2018 - 7:30pm to Thursday, September 20, 2018 - 7:30pm
*NYC Premiere
Having "made a name for itself in recent years as a champion of new music" (The New York Times), The Crossing comes to the Armory to perform an ambulatory concert that utilizes the corridors and historic rooms to create a unique kind of seamless music with fluidity of movement from room to room. The program includes world and New York premieres by David Lang, Louis Andriessen, and a new work by Ted Hearne, co-commissioned by the Armory. The new music champions are dedicated to expanding the contemporary choral music experience through commissions, collaborations, community, and performances that are characterized by a distinctive unity of sound and spirit.
Park Avenue ArmoryNew York City, NY


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Republic of Moldova, MD 2008
Chişinău, V.Belinskii str. 59a
tel/fax: (+373 22) 74-83-77; 75-98-63
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Red semi dry wine
This intense red Cabernet wine made of high quality handpicked grapes of Cabernet from the Appellation Codru of Moldova, brings generous aromas of blackberry, red cherry and a slight accent of vanilla that creates the balance between alcohol, tannins and acidity.
Alcohol content: 12,0 %


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Cookbook Project: Vorschmack
The Jewish cuisine is very diverse and magnificent, but today we want to cook one of the traditional dishes without which no Shabbes celebration can happen. It is vorschmack.
Liubar's Jewish history
- General information about Jewish life in Liubar.
- Historical places.
- Museum of Jewish nationality in Liubarsky gymnasium #1.
- Famous Jews who were born in Liubar.
Proiectul "Sclipiri în noaptea Holocaustului"
Pentru Comemorarea Zilei Internaționale a Victimelor Holocaustului (27 ianuarie) și a victimelor Pogromului de la București din 21-23 ianuarie 1941 de la București, elevii clasei a XI-a E de la Colegiului Național "Iulia Hasdeu" Lugoj au realizat, în ianuarie 2017, proiectul "Sclipiri în noaptea Holocaustului". Elevii implicați în proiect au inscripționat, prin decupare, o serie de noțiuni și termeni referitori Holocaust în cilindrii de carton.
The "Glimmers in the Night of the Holocaust" Project
For the International Holocaust Remembrance Day (27 of January) and the victims of the Pogrom of Bucharest (21-23 January 1941), the students of class XI E from the National College "Iulia Hasdeu" Lugoj have participated in January 2017 in the project entitled "Glimmers in the Night of the Holocaust". The students involved in this project have engraved, by cropping, a series of notions and terms related to the Holocaust on cardboard cylinders.
The Students of National College "Iulia Hasdeu" Lugoj have commemorated the Holocaust
On the 9th of October, Romania celebrates the Holocaust Memorial day. On this occasion, as a result of an old collaboration, the students of the Nartional College "Iulia Hasdeu" Lugoj, alongside the coordinating teacher Horațiu Suciu, have joined the Jewish community at the ceremony organised at the Synagogue in Lugoj on the 10th of October 2016. During the course of the event, the Jewish community leader, Mr. Ivan Bloch, spoke to the students about the Holocaust, and the traditions and life style of the Jewish community within Lugoj.
Holocaust of today
When I teach about holocaust in my school, I use centropa material. My favourite story is Three promises - Matilda Khalef story. As I think that actualization is important part of history lesson, we compared transportation of Jewes to concentration camps with modern migration issue. My pupils decided to make a film about topic. They write script, filmed and edited it by themself. They also made subtitles. This short film was result of their work. Project was finished in one month.
Lights in the darkness / Lumini în întuneric
In the school year 2015-2016 the students in the 11th grade of Colegiul National "Iulia Hasdeu" Lugoj have studied "The history of the Jewish. The Holocaust". The last project based on the study of this subject consisted of "Lights in the darkness"
Gute Leute/ good people
Es ist ein Interwiew mit Ágnes Heller. Sie ist eine berühmte Philosphin in Ungarn. sie konnte den II. Weltkrieg hier in Budapest mit Hilfe von guten Menschen überleben.
Family Stories
Family stories of the Leo Baeck Education Center's 7th grade students:
Janusz Korczak
When you hear the name of an outstanding teacher, writer and doctor Janusz Korczak, just imagine the pre-war and in-war Poland. Few people know that their outstanding work, "How to love a child," he wrote in our city -Kiev
Let's go on a tour around his places in Kiev


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Melon, basil and Parma ham cups
Prep 15 min | Makes 24
For the melon cups
Large spanspek 4
Parma ham slices 12, halved
Balsamic vinegar ¼ cup
For the basil oil
Basil 1 cup
Olive oil ¾ cup
To serve
Ciabatta 2 loaves, sliced
1 For the melon cups, slice the melons vertically. Cut 6 cm (l) × 3 cm (w) × 2 cm (h) blocks out of the melons.
2 Using a melon baller, extract two evenly spaced balls out of the melon blocks, creating two cavities for the fillings. Arrange the melon blocks on a tray and refrigerate.
3 Before serving, arrange the Parma ham into a rose style and place into one cavity.
4 Fill the other cavity with balsamic vinegar.
5 For the basil oil, roughly chop the basil and combine with the olive oil.
6 Drizzle basil oil over the melon cups and serve with ciabatta.
Mini tuna ceviche tacos with lime
Prep 45 min | Cook 15 min
Makes 24
For the tacos
Tortilla wraps 8
For the tuna ceviche
Fresh tuna 1 kg, cut into 1 cm cubes
Coriander 1 cup, roughly chopped
Red chillies 2, finely chopped
Spring onions 5, thinly sliced
Zest of 1 lime
Juice of 2 limes
Ripe avocados 2, cut into 1 cm cubes
To serve
Coriander handful
Limes 2, halved
1 For the tacos, preheat the oven to 180°C.
2 Using a 6 cm cookie cutter, cut three small circles out of each tortilla.
3 Place a wire rack over a roasting tin. Hang the circles over two of the grates, securing with wooden clothes pegs to create mini taco shapes.
4 Place the tray into the oven for 7 minutes, until the tortillas are crisp. Remove from the wire rack, and repeat with any remaining tortillas. Set aside.
5 For the ceviche, combine the ingredients and season with a large pinch of sea salt. Allow to sit for at least 10 minutes.
6 To serve, fill each taco shell with ceviche. Garnish with coriander and a squeeze of lime.
Mini tomato soup and cheese toasties
Prep 25 min | Cook 35 min
Makes 24
For the cheese toasties
White bread 24 slices
Butter ½ cup, softened
White Cheddar 300 g, thinly sliced
For the tomato soup
Tomato soup 6 × 600 g, store-bought
1 For the cheese toasties, butter both sides of the bread and layer with cheese slices. Top with the other slice of bread.
2 Heat a large frying pan over medium heat. Fry the toasties until the cheese has melted and the bread is golden brown and crisp on both sides.
3 Remove from heat and slice off the crusts. Halve diagonally.
4 To serve, heat the soup, divide between 24 small bowls or mugs and top with the toasties.
Figs with mascarpone, honey and salted walnuts
Prep 25 min | Cook 10 min
Makes 24
Figs 24
Mascarpone 1½ cups
Roasted, salted walnuts 1 cup
Honey ¼ cup
1 To prepare the figs, cut a cross into the top of each one, ensuring that you don't slice through the whole fruit.
2 Using a spatula, gently fold the mascarpone until smooth and spoon into a piping bag.
3 Pipe a small amount of the mascarpone into the middle of each fig cavity.
4 Place a nut half on top of the mascarpone.
5 Place the figs on a plate and generously drizzle with honey to serve.


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Civil Rights / ADA Attorneys
David R. Paletta
I am a disability attorney. I handle Social Security disability appeals at all levels - from the Request for Reconsideration to the 4th ... more
Vance Tate Davis
I am an experienced North Carolina attorney focusing on access to government benefits, including: child and adult Social Security disability benefits (SSDI & SSI), ... more
Kimberly Mcguire Eggers
Experienced attorney, specializing in family law, social security disability, and appellate law. A native of Boone, Kim Eggers graduated summa cum laude from Appalachian State ... more


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Editing Just Got Real 0 You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: The action you have requested is limited to users in one of the groups: Users, FANDOM Staff, FANDOM Helpers, Wiki Managers, Content Team Members. Please log in to edit this wiki.Joining Borderlands Wiki is free, and it only takes a minute.We hope that you sign in, and become a member of the community!Click here to log in or create an account more + You can view and copy the source of this page: {| class="custom" style="margin:5px 0% 10px 0%;width:100%;border:2px solid crimson;color:lime;background-color:#031F01" | style="text-align: center"|[[file:Foreshadowingleft.png|left|50px]]'''This article is a ''prototype'' for a larger group of articles.'''[[file:Darksideright.png|right|50px]]
Please do not create new skill articles until this one has been thoroughly validated at [[forum:Borderlands 2 skill pages|this talk]]. |} {{infobox_skill |name = Just Got Real |image = File:GenericIcon.png |character = Salvador |type = Constant Boost |tier = |maxpoints = |tree = Brawn |minlevel = }} '''Just Got Real''' is a skill in [[Salvador]]'s [[Brawn]] tree. It increases damage with all guns, and increases damage when low on HP. {{clear}} {{Salvador skills nav}} Templates used on the current version of this page: Template:Blue (view source) Template:Character skills nav (view source) Template:Color (view source) Template:Green (view source) Template:Infobox skill (view source) Template:Nbsp (view source) Template:Salvador skills nav (view source) Template:• (view source) Return to Just Got Real. Retrieved from "https://borderlands.fandom.com/wiki/Just_Got_Real" Edit summary Preview Mobile Desktop Show changes


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Investigating the Viscoelastic Properties and Mechanical Performance of Wood Modifi ed by Biopolyester Treatments
Oligomer systems based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) were impregnated in wood and polymerized in situ to improve the dimensional stability of the treated wood. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was used to characterize the impact on the treated wood properties. Cell wall bulking treatments (PLA and PGA oligomers: OLA and OGA) induced softening and plasticization of wood components. Lumen filling treatments (PBS and PBA oligomers: OBS and OBA) led to minor decreases in treated wood stiffness with any softening dependent on the polymer melt temperature. Overall, no oligomer treatment induced any significant wood reinforcement, but the Tg of wood components could be reduced significantly.
No References
No Citations
No Supplementary Data
No Article Media
No Metrics
Keywords: BIOPOLYESTERS; IN SITU POLYMERIZATION; PLASTICIZATION; WOOD MODIFI CATION
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: December 9, 2014


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|Carbonite with Iflon Coating
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but by moral cowardice, Anthony attempts to find a new way to live. Eyeless in Gaza is considered by many to be Huxley's definitive work of fiction. Read more. The most obvious and disturbing feature of Eyeless In Gaza is the peculiar narrative scene or a brief episode, are disconnected, in the sense that Huxley does. Cet article propose une analyse du roman d'Aldous Huxley publié en , Eyeless in Gaza [La Paix des profondeurs]. L'objectif de l'étude est de montrer que.
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But Miller was in Glasgow. Aldous Huxley biographer Sybille Bedford claims in her fictive memoir Jigsaw that the novel's characters Mary Amberley, a drug addict, and her daughter were partly inspired by her own experiences with her morphine -addicted mother and herself, known to Huxley because they were neighbours in the south of France. I began to conceptualize and meet the author at the page.
Restricted it within families and clans, within classes and nations. I found myself enraged at him and Mary Amberly, his lover with whom he makes the bet, for treating the emotions of others with such disregard. I had just given up oil-painting and become an English major, and my reading history was frighteningly bleak. Nov 30, Mira rated it it was ok Shelves: Huxley decries such a chasm between real life and cloistered academicism, a split viewed in several characters. Such a particular union, a paradigm of union in general.
The literature of World War I and the interwar period. The eydless meaning of the title must be a pointer to the way in which the characters in the novel think that they are doing something new and revolutionary, something that will destroy the outdated society around them. A very good book, if slightly of its time.
By then his hair had eyelexs, and even blind he was able to pull down the tem Originally published on my blog here in August The book has left me, like Island, with a yearning to learn more of the human condition and how and why society is shaped the way it is.
We cannot even claim love or infatuation in his defence; he does it to show the ln Mary how he too can be flip about sex and relationships. The scenes depicting sex and sexual desire are also very vivid but encompass a range of appetites and dispositions.
Such origins which brought upon him on degree of rancor stemming from the intimate and personal nature of those refrains, much like Huxley's family and friends upon publication of Eyeless in Gaza.
Wanting to meet a book club deadline, I read this in daily 50 page chunks. Huxley's first real foray into the mysticism that would become the underlying theme in his later works. Pe linga faptul ca e asa mai intelectuala de felul ei, cartea e sc Roman de idei, foarte concentrat dpdv intelectual, nu foarte lejer pentru neuronii mei. EG can, in fact, be seen as a demonstration of the narrative identity thesis: I eyelwss it fascinating to see how much he had developed as a novelist bywhen he published Eyeless in Gaza.
And the theme of bravery—Beavis's yielding to peer pressure in childhood and his moral cowardice as an adult contrasting to his ultimately achieved courage in defence of his pacifist convictions—is interesting and worthy.
Unfulfilled by his life, loves, and adv Written at the height of his powers immediately after Brave New WorldAldous Huxley's highly acclaimed Eyeless in Gaza is his most personal novel. In addition, Anthony, struggling with his former detachment, actually does the hulxey as before; he tries to cut his past away from himself. I think Huxley was trying to dissect life …more This book is brutal. Dec 31, Bob Newman rated it really liked it. Although, it was argued above that there is such a deep structure juxley beneath the illusory fragmentation, this chapter of the paper conceives the structure not as the end of interpretation but another beginning.
His research focuses on borderlines fyeless the philosophical and literary language and discourse.
For me these tended to be too long and to contribute to the heavy handed preachiness of this novel. Many of his subsequent works reflect this preoccupation, notably The Perennial Philosophy ….
If Point Counter Point had hinted of the mystical at the end, this story builds definitely towards an end of pacifism and mysticism. Aldous Huxley was a….
It's terribly interesting how Brian, Anthony, and Helen all change dramatically as they grow older and yet somehow stay the same, or become more of themselves. Through eyelrss novels and essays Huxley functioned as an examiner and sometimes critic of social mores, norms and ideals. Motiv pentru care am luat si retetele Babettei pe linga, ca suport: Especially Anthony, who perpetrates the crime against his oldest friend and must have some premonition of the hurtful consequences.
Huxley's Eyeless in Gaza: The Role of Time and Narrative in the Depiction of Personality
Many of the characters know how they should behave, and yet, they do just the opposite. I feel like what happens between the two is sickening and disgusting but in some way it is also understandable and almost familiar. Daphna Erdinast-Vulcan concludes her study with the statement that there are dangers if we intend to fully integrate a personality into a higher narrative framework The narrative and time-structure are perfectly adequate to the purposes of expressing a tension like this: Hate, anger, ambition explicitly deny human unity; lust and greed do the same indirectly and by implication – by insisting exclusively on particular individual experiences and in the case of lust, using other people merely as a means for obtaining such experiences