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text:
#1194 Allow Different Return Types for Entity::geometry and Intersection::geometry
|Reported by
|Martin Nolte (firstname.lastname@example.com)
|Reported at
|Oct 15, 2012 09:07
|Feature Request
|Operating System
|Unspecified / All
Currently, the interface requires
Entity::geometry and Intersection::geometry to return objects of the same type (
GridFamily::Traits::Codim< 1 >::Geometry).
Unfortunately, intersection geometries can be far more complicated than face geometries.
- (a) A hexahedral grid can only have quadrilateral faces, but intersections might be triangular (=> cannot optimize of the geometry type anymore)
- (b) A meta grid might want glue together grids of the same type. All entity geometries can be inherited from the host grid; the intersection geometries, however, need to exchanged.
The natural solution to me seems to split up the types. This could be resolved in two ways:
- (1) introduce a type
Codim<cd>::EntityGeometryand an
IntersectionGeometryon the grid view.
- (2) let the entity / intersection decide upon the type for
Geometry(i.e., don't export it in the traits class).
Version (1) is in line with exporting all types in a central place, while version (2) is more modular. In my opinion (2) is more DUNE-like as we promote modularity. In both cases, I would suggest to deprecate the type
What's the opinion of the others?
To upload designs, you'll need to enable LFS. More information

subset: commoncrawl


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Photo: COPYRIGHT, 2010
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Early understandings of the link between agents and order
Edited by Susan E. Carey, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved August 25, 2010 (received for review December 7, 2009)
The world around us presents two fundamentally different forms of patterns: those that appear random and those that appear ordered. As adults we appreciate that these two types of patterns tend to arise from very different sorts of causal processes. Typically, we expect that, whereas agents can increase the orderliness of a system, inanimate objects can cause only increased disorder. Thus, one major division in the world of causal entities is between those that are capable of "reversing local entropy" and those that are not. In the present studies we find that sensitivity to the unique link between agents and order emerges quite early in development. Results from three experiments suggest that by 12 mo of age infants associate agents with the creation of order and inanimate objects with the creation of disorder. Such expectations appear to be robust into children's preschool years and are hypothesized to result from a more general understanding that agents causally intervene on the world in fundamentally different ways from inanimate objects.
Although the Second Law of Thermodynamics is often understood as stating that isolated systems tend to move from order to disorder in a manner that increases entropy, we frequently encounter cases where an external entity can take a system from relative disorder to order. Most of the time, the entity is an "agent," meaning a goal-directed actor, and very often that agent is thought of as having intentions to bring order to the system—for example, a parent cleans up a child's room by stacking items of like kind in different piles.
As adults, however, we do not typically see inanimate objects as capable of having such effects. It is highly unlikely that a rolling ball or falling stone could increase the orderliness of a system. We would be surprised to see such an event because we normally assume that order arises from the actions of agents, not inanimate objects. There are of course exceptions in which orderly arrangements do arise from inanimate processes (e.g., crystal growth or the ordering of pebbles on a beach tideline). However, such phenomena often reflect the unique interaction between a given set of materials and a specific natural process. In contrast, agents (such as people) are capable of creating many different types of order using a near-infinite combination of materials. Thus, as adults, we appreciate that one major division in the world of causal entities is between those that are generally capable of "reversing local entropy" and those that are not.
It might seem that the ability to recognize the unique link between agents and order would be late emerging in development. Components of this knowledge, however, have very early origins. Some forms of order, such as symmetry or statistical regularities, are detected in infancy (1–5). Moreover, there is an extensive developmental literature demonstrating that even infants see agents as different from inanimate objects and that they expect these two kinds of objects to interact differently with the environment (6–13). Finally, infants and young children seem to recognize that there is an "arrow of time" in which systems become more disorderly over time (14–16). Therefore, even though children may be unable to articulate the principles that causally link agents to the creation of order, they may nonetheless be sensitive to such a pattern and how it is distinct from events involving inanimate objects.
Experiment 1
To examine whether children appreciate that agents are unique in their ability to create order, our first experiment presented 40 children (aged 3–6 y) with scenarios involving either an agent (a person) or an inanimate force (the wind). Children were presented with a drawing of a room and were told, "This is a picture of Billy's room. One day, Billy went outside to play and this is how things looked before he left." Half of the children were then told that while Billy was outside his older sister (Julie) went into his room and changed his things (agent condition), and the other half were told that the wind blew strongly through the window and changed his things (Inanimate condition). Children were then presented with a pair of test cards (Fig. 1). One card depicted an ordered arrangement of objects, and other card depicted the same objects in a disordered array.* The children were then asked, "Which one of these piles looks most like Julie (the wind) changed it?" This procedure was repeated for six pairs of arrangements, and responses were classified as either choosing the ordered arrangement (coded as a "1") or choosing the disordered arrangement (coded as a "−1"), which we then summed across participants to produce a score that could range from −6 to 6.
Results and Discussion.
Children reported that the person was significantly more likely to make the ordered arrangement [mean (M) = 1.42, SE = 0.89] than was the wind [(M = −4.43, SE = 0.41), F(1, 38) = 37.95, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.50]. This pattern was robust both for 5- to 6-y-old children [(Ms = 1.3 and −5.6, respectively; F(1, 18) = 17.38, P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.49; Mann-Whitney test: z = 3.01, P = 0.004)] and for 3- to 4-y-old children [(Ms = 1.6 and −3.4, respectively; F(1, 18) = 31.35, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.64; Mann-Whitney test: z = 3.54, P < 0.001)]. Overall, children were reliably more likely to say that the wind made the disordered arrangement (88% of responses) than the ordered arrangement (12% of responses). In contrast, they said that the person could make either the ordered arrangement (62% of responses) or the disordered arrangement (38% of responses).
Interestingly, however, children were often unable to articulate the basis for their response. In fact, the most common justification was simply to redescribe the visual array. For example, a younger child (age 3 y 8 mo) said of the person, "She made it like that because it was beautiful." These strong preschool intuitions accompanied by an inability to explain them suggested that perhaps even younger, nonverbal populations may be sensitive to these same causal patterns. We examined this possibility in two additional studies.
Experiment 2
In experiment 2, we tested 48 infants of two different ages: 12-mo-olds and 7-mo-olds. Infants in both age groups were exposed to short, computer-animated movies involving either a computer-animated ball (ball condition) or an agent (agent condition). The ball and agent were as similar in appearance as possible (see Fig. 2).
A large literature within developmental psychology has examined what factors lead infants and children to infer that a given entity is animate. In this experiment, we exploited two key cues: Spots on the ball were rearranged to form a face for the agent (17). In addition, the agent moved in a self-propelled manner (18) with its eyes facing the direction of motion whereas the ball rolled across the screen.
At the beginning of the experiment, infants were first shown a movie (played only once) in which the entity (either the ball or the agent, depending on the condition) moved back and forth across the computer screen. Infants were then exposed to two different types of test events: ordering events and disordering events. In the ordering event, it appeared as if the ball or the agent changed a disordered array of blocks into an ordered arrangement. Infants first saw a disordered pile of blocks. An opaque barrier then moved in front of the blocks. Then, the entity appeared from off screen and moved behind the opaque barrier. Both the ball and the agent were in motion when they entered the screen. After a brief pause, the barrier dropped to reveal the blocks in an ordered arrangement (separated by color and organized into two vertical rows). In the disordering event, infants saw an identical sequence of events, but the beginning and end-states of the block arrays were reversed. Therefore, this event appeared as if the entity changed the ordered arrangement of blocks into a disordered array (Movies S1, S2, S3, and S4).
Infants in the ball and agent conditions were shown three pairs of the ordering and disordering test events (with presentation order counterbalanced). For each test event, the amount of time that infants spent looking at the outcome displays was recorded. It is well established that infants look longer at outcomes that they find novel or unexpected (e.g., refs. 19–22). Therefore, we predicted that infants observed in the ball condition would look longer at a ball creating order than at a ball creating disorder. In contrast, we predicted that infants in the agent condition would look equally long at the agent creating order and the agent creating disorder because both outcomes are consistent with actions that agents are capable of completing.
Results and Discussion.
The results from the experiment are presented in Fig. 3. As predicted, 12-mo-old infants in the ball condition looked reliably longer when the ball appeared to create order (M = 8.89 s, SE = 1.44) compared with when the ball appeared to create disorder [(M = 6.06 s, SE = 0.90), F(1, 11) = 13.47, P = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.55; Wilcoxon test: z = 3.06, P = 0.002]. In contrast, infants in the agent condition looked equally long at the ordering (M = 8.45 s, SE = 1.43) and disordering events [(M = 8.8 s, SE = 1.55), F < 1, P = 0.79; Wilcoxon test: z = 0.31, P = 0.75]. A mixed-model ANOVA with entity type (ball vs. agent) as a between-subjects factor and test event type (ordering vs. disordering) as a within-subject factor confirmed that the interaction between entity type and test event type was statistically significant [F(1,22) = 4.28, P = 0.05, ηp2 = 0.16].† Nonparametric analyses of the data revealed a similar pattern: 12 of 12 infants in the ball condition looked longer at the ordering events, whereas 7 of 12 infants in the agent condition looked longer at the ordering events (P = 0.037 via a two-tailed Fisher's exact test).
Seven-month-old infants, however, did not show the same looking-time pattern. Seven-month-old infants in the ball condition looked equally long at the ordering (M = 8.97 s, SE = 1.61) and disordering events [(M = 10.28 s, SE = 1.71), F(1, 11) = 2.07, P = 0.18; Wilcoxon test: z = 1.18, P = 0.24]. Seven-month-old infants in the agent condition also looked equally long at the ordering (M = 11.10 s, SE = 1.11) and disordering events [(M = 12.47 s, SE = 1.23), F(1, 11) = 0.77, P = 0.40; Wilcoxon test: z = 0.86, P = 0.39]. Overall, 5 of 12 infants in the ball condition looked longer at the ordering events, and 4 of 12 infants in the agent condition looked longer at the ordering events.
Results from experiment 2 suggested that, by at least 12 mo of age, infants differentiate between inanimate objects and agents when observing changes in perceived order. Twelve-month-old infants responded to an inanimate ball creating order as more unexpected than a ball creating disorder. However, when they viewed identical events involving an agent, they did not respond differently to the ordered and disordered outcomes.
The difference between 12-mo-old and younger infants tentatively suggests that this particular set of expectations is acquired sometime during the second half-year of life. However, the building blocks for this knowledge are likely present much earlier in development. For example, within the first 3–9 mo of life, infants readily distinguish agents from inanimate objects, and this distinction provides an important conceptual framework for later learning (23, 24). Thus, the 7-mo-old infants' looking-time pattern in experiment 2 is probably not due to a failure to appreciate the difference between agents and inanimate objects; nor does it stem from a failure to notice the difference between order and disorder (see ref. 15). Rather, it may be that, by 7 mo of age, infants have not yet detected the relationship between these two different domains of knowledge.
Experiment 3
The previous study suggested that, by as early as 12 mo of age, infants appreciate that inanimate objects cannot create order. The goal of experiment 3 was twofold: First, we wanted to investigate the robustness of this expectation for inanimate objects. Second, given the null difference in looking time for the agent, we were interested in whether infants of this age appreciate that agents may have the disposition to create either order or disorder.
This study tested a new group of 52 12-mo-old infants. Instead of computer animations, however, infants in this experiment were exposed to brief video sequences involving real objects. Half of the infants were exposed to videos that featured an inanimate object (a claw-like stick), and the other half of the infants were exposed to videos that featured an agent (a human hand). At the beginning of the experiment, we also manipulated whether infants were familiarized with video sequences depicting the creation of order or video sequences depicting the creation of disorder. These factors were crossed to produce four experimental conditions in a 2 (entity: claw vs. hand) × 2 (familiarization: ordering vs. disordering) between-subjects design.
Infants in the inanimate claw conditions were presented with ordering and disordering test events that were similar to experiment 2 (see Fig. 4). However, preceding these displays we presented infants with one of two different types of familiarization events. The purpose of these familiarization events was to repeatedly expose infants to what appeared to be either an inanimate object creating order or an inanimate object creating disorder. Therefore, infants in one condition (claw-ordering familiarization) were exposed with "ordering" familiarization events in which it appeared as if the inanimate claw changed a disordered pile of blocks into an ordered arrangement. In contrast, infants in the other claw condition (claw-disordering familiarization) were exposed to "disordering" familiarization events in which it appeared as if the same claw changed an ordered arrangement of blocks into a disordered pile.‡
After the familiarization events were presented three times, infants in both conditions were presented with two alternating test events in which the same inanimate claw appeared to create order (ordering test event) and to create disorder (disordering test event) using a new set of blocks (shapes and colors different from those in the familiarization trials). Our logic was that, if infants have the robust expectation that inanimate objects cannot create order, then despite repeated exposures to an inanimate object appearing to create order (claw-ordering familiarization), infants should nonetheless still find the claw creating order to be more unexpected than the claw creating disorder. Therefore, we predicted that, following both types of familiarization events, infants in the claw conditions would look longer at the ordering test events than at the disordering test events.
To examine infants' expectations about agents, we presented infants with similar video sequences as in the claw conditions, except that the inanimate claw was replaced with a human hand. During the familiarization events, half of the infants saw movies in which the hand appeared to create order (hand-ordering familiarization), and the other half saw movies in which the hand appeared to create disorder (hand-disordering familiarization). Following familiarization, infants in both conditions saw alternating test events in which the hand appeared to create order (ordering test event) and to create disorder (disordering test event) using a new set of blocks.
Our logic here was that, if infants expect agents to be capable of creating either order or disorder, then the type of event shown during familiarization should bias infants' pattern of looking during test events. Specifically, infants exposed to the hand-ordering familiarization events should subsequently expect the person to continue to create order. Thus, in test events, the infants should look longer when the hand creates disorder than when it continues to create order. Conversely, infants exposed to the hand-disordering familiarization event should expect the person to continue to create disorder. Therefore, in test events they should look longer when the hand appears to create order than when it continues to create disorder.§
Results and Discussion.
Given that this study presented infants with multiple repetitions of very similar displays, several infants became inattentive in later trials. Therefore, our primary analysis reports looking times in the only first pair of test trials. The effects, however, were the same when the analyses were performed on all three test pairs.
As seen in Fig. 5, the looking time data indicated that, regardless of the type of familiarization event, infants in the claw conditions looked reliably longer at the inanimate claw creating order (M = 17.77 s, SE = 1.67) than at the claw creating disorder [(M = 13.31 s, SE = 1.97), F(1, 24) = 7.02, P = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.23]. As predicted, this pattern was observed following both the disordering familiarization event (Ms = 19.6 s and 14.4 s, respectively) and the ordering familiarization event (Ms = 16.0 s and 12.2 s, respectively).
In contrast, infants observing in the hand conditions looked reliably longer at the hand creating disorder (M = 14.13 s, SE = 1.53) than at the hand creating order [(M = 9.39 s, SE = 1.29), F(1, 24) = 7.66, P = 0.011, ηp2 =0.24]. This pattern was observed following both the disordering familiarization event (Ms = 13.3 and 10.2, respectively) and the ordering familiarization event (Ms = 14.9 and 8.6, respectively).
We conducted a 2 × 2 × 2 omnibus ANOVA with familiarization event (ordering vs. disordering) and entity type (hand vs. claw) as between-subjects factors and test event type (ordering vs. disordering) as a within-subjects factor. This analysis revealed a significant two-way interaction between entity type and test event type [F(1,48) = 14.67, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.23]. This two-way interaction was also significant when an identical analysis was performed on the average looking time across all three pairs of test trials [F(1,48) = 20.34, P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.30]. However, there was no three-way interaction with the type of familiarization event (F < 1), and no other main effects or interactions were observed. In other words, the interaction effect for infants to look longer at the inanimate claw creating order, but longer at the animate hand creating disorder, was obtained following both the ordering familiarization events [F(1, 26) = 10.45, P = 0.003, ηp2 =0.29] and the disordering familiarization events [F(1,22) = 5.04, P = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.19].
Nonparametric analyses of the data revealed a similar pattern. Following the disordering familiarization, 9 of 12 infants in the hand condition looked longer at the first disordering test event, whereas 10 of 12 infants in the claw condition looked longer at the first ordering test event (P = 0.012 via a two-tailed Fisher's exact test). Similarly, following the ordering familiarization, 10 of 14 infants in the hand condition looked longer at the first disordering test event, whereas 11 of 14 infants in the claw condition looked longer at the first ordering test event (P = 0.021 via a two-tailed Fisher's exact test). These results were the same when examining the looking time patterns across all three test pairs.
Analysis of the familiarization events indicated that infants' looking decreased across trials (P = 0.02). Moreover, in the first familiarization event, infants tended to look longer at the claw-ordering event (M = 20.3 s, SE=2.31) than at the other three familiarization events (Ms = 17.2 s, 18.0 s, and 18.1 s), although this difference did not reach statistical significance.
Thus, results from experiment 3 suggested that by 12 mo of age infants have a robust expectation that inanimate objects cannot create order. Even when given experience during familiarization that an inanimate claw can create order, infants still looked longer at the test event in which the claw continued to create order compared with when the claw created disorder. This provides strong confirmation that infants do not consider it likely that inanimate objects can create order.
With respect to infants' expectations about agents, the results from this study suggested that infants at this age do not find an agent creating order and an agent creating disorder to be equally likely. Both the ordering and disordering familiarization events led infants to consider hands creating order to be more likely than hands creating disorder. It appears that the familiarization events made the causal interaction between the hand and the blocks more salient and thus led infants to expect the creation of order, rather than the creation of disorder. This pattern, however, is different from the null result obtained in experiment 2. One explanation for this difference may be that infants have formed a strong expectation that people tend to create order, which was sufficient to override any effects of the familiarization events. The difference in looking-time patterns across experiments between experiments 2 and 3 therefore may have occurred because infants have formed reliable expectations about people (experiment 3), but they have less robust expectations about a novel animated character (experiment 2).
General Discussion
The present studies suggest that, by at least 12 mo of age, infants appreciate that agents are capable of creating order, whereas inanimate objects are not. Moreover, at 4 y of age, children readily identify that, whereas agents are capable of creating either order or disorder, inanimate forces (such as the wind) are capable of creating only disorder. This understanding represents competence in an entirely new category of physical principles that integrates knowledge from both the physical and social domains. Accurate expectations about how agents and inanimate objects differ in their ability to create order requires that, in some sense, young children blend together intuitive concepts of simple inanimate objects (their folk physics) with their intuitive concepts of other social agents (their folk psychology). The computational and representational requirements of such mental abilities would seem to be quite complex; however, the presence of such abilities in infants raises important questions about how such an understanding might be achieved.
Moreover, these findings potentially offer insight into a larger class of causal inferences that occur somewhat later in development. Although previous work has established that adults, infants, and even nonhuman primates are often remarkably accurate at identifying appropriate causal agents, there also appear to be systematic ways in which children and adults are prone to agentic or teleological explanations. For example, 4-y-old children will report that lakes are "for swimming," or when asked about the origins of animals and people, tend to endorse explanations that include an intentional creator (26–28). In addition, cross-cultural work finds striking commonalities in the prevalence of "intelligent design" arguments among children and adults (29–32).
One explanation for these types of inferences is that, in our everyday experiences, ordered phenomena do tend to result only from other agents. The correlation is simply too strong and salient to ignore. Moreover, it is well known that adults and children often have a difficult time reasoning about randomness and its effects (33–35). Thus, in certain situations, we may overextend a causal framework that includes strong connections between agents and order to erroneously see some ordered patterns as intentionally created by an agent, even when the ordered pattern is actually created by an unintentional, inanimate process. Although future work is necessary to determine exactly how (or, if) expectations about ordering blocks and inferences about biological creation are related, the present findings at least open the door for the idea that biases to see agents as responsible for order (in many different domains) may be rooted in fundamental causal appreciations that emerge within the first year of life.
Materials and Methods
Age and sex specifics are as follows: experiment 1 included 40 children (25 male, 15 female), divided into two age ranges: 20 children aged 3–4 (Mage = 4 y 2 mo; range: 3 y 4 mo to 4 y 8 mo) and 20 children aged 5–6 (Mage = 5 y 7 mo; range: 5 y 2 mo to 6 y 8 mo). The children were all enrolled as students in daycare, prekindergarten, or kindergarten programs in public or private schools. Experiment 2 included 48 infants divided into two age groups: 24 infants aged 12 mo (12 male, 12 female) with a mean age of 12 mo 24 d (range: 11 mo 15 d to 13 mo 26 d) and 24 infants aged 7 mo (18 male, 6 female) with a mean age of 7 mo 2 d (range: 6 mo 17 d to 7 mo 18 d). Experiment 3 included 52 infants (24 male, 28 female) with a mean age of 12 mo 14 d (range: 11 mo 6 d to 13 mo 26 d). An additional 42 infants were tested but were excluded because of inattention (experiment 2: n = 12 infants aged 12 mo; n = 11 infants aged 7 mo; experiment 3: n = 14), or experimenter error (experiment 2: n = 3; experiment 3: n = 2). In experiment 2 (hand condition), the data from one outlier (>2.5 SDs from mean difference score) was discarded and replaced with an additional participant's data.
In experiments 2 and 3, we used a violation of expectation looking-time procedure. For each experiment, we predicted longer looking times to unexpected events than to expected events. To be included in analyses, subjects had to see at least two complete pairs of test trials, out of a possible three pairs. A given test trial was considered to be complete if the infant watched for at least the length of time it took for the inanimate object or agent to travel behind the opaque barrier. The number of infants who saw only two complete pairs were as follows: experiment 2 (n = 7 infants aged 12 mo; n = 6 infants aged 7 mo); experiment 3 (n = 25 infants aged 12 mo). An observer, who was hidden behind a curtain and was unaware of the infant's experimental group, measured looking time on each trial using computerized timing software. In test trials, timing began when the opaque barrier was lowered to reveal the final outcome display. In experiment 2, the test movie remained "frozen" on the final outcome display until the trial ended. In experiment 3, the movie was looped continuously until the trial ended. A given trial ended if an infant looked away for more than 2 continuous seconds, or if 30 s elapsed. A second experimenter, also naive to the infants' experimental group, reviewed video footage from a subset (25%) of the infants and recorded their looking times to the test movies. Interobserver reliability across experiments was high (r = 0.97 or greater); thus all data analyses were performed using results from the on-line timing.
We thank Ashley Norman, Russell Ritchie, Sarah Thompson, and members of the Yale Infant Cognition Laboratory for their help in conducting the experiments. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant R37HD023922 (to F.C.K.), National Science Foundation Grant 1018733 (to K.W.), NIH Grant F2MH64269 (to V.A.K.), and a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) (to V.A.K).
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: george.newman{at}yale.edu.
Author contributions: G.E.N., F.C.K., V.A.K., and K.W. designed research; G.E.N. and V.A.K. performed research; G.E.N. and V.A.K. analyzed data; and G.E.N., F.C.K., V.A.K., and K.W. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.0914056107/-/DCSupplemental.
↵*In this study, we explored one readily identifiable notion of order: grouping along Gestalt principles of proximity and similarity. To create the ordered arrangements, the objects were separated into two different piles that were organized along a different perceptual dimension. These included grouping by color (two different arrangements), grouping by shape (two different arrangements), grouping by color and shape, and a neatly organized spatial arrangement. The disordered arrangements were not created in any systematic way. All stimuli were presented as cards (color images on poster board). The order in which each item-pair was presented was counterbalanced across participants.
↵†Further analyses indicated that this effect was comparable across the three trial pairs, and when we included trial pair (1–3) and presentation order as additional factors, the primary interaction of condition and outcome remained significant [F(1,13) = 5.84, P = 0.033, ηp2 = 0.31]. However, there was no main effect or interaction with either trial pair or presentation order.
↵‡In both the ordering and disordering events, the identical video footage was used. We simply spliced the movie at a point at which the blocks were covered by the barrier (and no other objects were present on screen). This equated the two events for their total duration, the length of time that the claw or hand was on screen, the arrangements of blocks, etc. Please see Materials and Methods for a more detailed reporting of the procedure. In addition, all stimuli presented in this study are available in SI Movies S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, and S12.
↵§This study used an experimental logic developed by other infant researchers to demonstrate that infants expect agents (human hands), but not inanimate objects (sticks), to have consistent object-specific goals (12, 13, 25).
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STOP THE EMOTIONAL And MENTAL ABUSE
Yes you can call me an Ombudsman if you like. When I read or hear all those ambiguous sermons about how to treat a man, I flip inside, those sermons bore me stiff!
I don't understand the semantics of demi-god status allotted to men. Those sermons termed as ideal way to treat a man is prejudiced and demagoguery. Those chauvinistic compositions by men for men are utterly selfish.
I roll my eyes when I see the endorsement of those jaundiced sermons by silly women. Hell, No! How about a sermon or manual about how to treat a lady for a change!
This demigod status conferred on the man from cradle has made him selfish, feudal, autocratic, cocky, conceited and arrogant brutes. The demigod believes it is a man's world and so could get away with infidelity. A huge percentage of marriages have broken up and relationships disolved because of this jaundiced notion.
When a marriage survives it is due to the fact that the woman is holding on, putting in so much efforts at making the boat (marriage) not to hit the iceberg with the men putting little or no efforts because he has been brainwashed that it is his world, he should rule as a fuedal lord.
So why wouldn't marriages break or continue to break up due to this annoying fallacy? Men demand absolute right to infidelity and expect women to become nuns in return.
Why won't marriages continue to break up when men are patted at the back for putting women on emotional and mental distress through their insatiable lust for anything that twist or strings of strange women they keep?
Why won't marriages continue to break up when a man withdraws the cookies from his wife for weeks, months, or even years…two years, three years, five years and yet crawl into strange beds of lusts, diseases and destiny corrupters?
Why won't marriages continue to break up when a man physically and emotionally abuses his wife and smiles stupidly when a dirty dumpster outside orders him around like a silly billy goat he is?
Why won't marriages continue to break up when some men make their wives go through mental and emotional torture? A friend once told me that her spouse said he would so deal with her that she would end up committing suicide because he wished she would die!.
While we are shouting coarse against physical abuse or battery we are indirectly elevating and endorsing mental and emotional abuse. How can a daughter in law report a supposed infidelity to a mother in law and she was told accept it as it is a man's world, it rains everywhere, live with it or leave if she can't bear it. She would be accused of either not praying enough or that she pushed her husband out because she wasn't smart enough nor would she give him the cookies. But it is acceptable for the man to withhold the cookies while she is told that that it is not food for a woman but it the air the man breathes!
While women become taciturn and berate their fellow women for rising up against such behavior from the menfolk they are endorsing the continued debasement of womanhood. As long as women sing in discondant tones, the men would continue to get away with their selfish acts. If a woman wants to accept trashy behavior please don't shout down any other woman who seeks dignity!
Mothers should endeavour to teach their sons how to treat and respect ladies right from the cradle. The idea of encouraging our girls to become phagozytes in relationships through servanthood and servitude should be discarded.
The 'boy is special' syndrome is archaic and needs to be nipped in the bud and replaced by equality amongst siblings.
Teach the boy ability to profess and show emotions. Teach him to express himself and not bottle up or internalize emotions. He should not be afraid to display his emotions.That way he grows up with the ability to communicate physically and emotionally with a lady or his wife. A woman expects reciprocal love, the inability to display love could cause emotional torture for a woman that could lead to strains or break ups. A woman is not mind reader or magician to know the intents and thoughts of a man's mind. Communication is a vital tool for a successful marriage.
Mothers should teach their boys to support, help and protect his sisters. He grows up taking that as a responsibility towards his wife in marriage.
When you continue to only chant litany of what should be the ideal way to worship the demigod in the ears of the girls without direct correspondence litany to the boys, it is then a wasted effort. How do you expect the virtuous woman to be in consonant with the mind of the uncultivated man? A virtuous woman would even lose that steam of virtuosness in weary In the house of an expeditionary mental and emotional abuser. No matter how schooled she is In virtue, she would snap out of weary. It is a pointless subjugation!
Preachers have totally failed to see or preach about the oppressive subjection of women. Quite understandably 90% of preachers are men. They reason like men. Their spouses tow their paths. Again, quite understandably about the seemingly lack of empathy, perhaps they don't go through what other women go through who are not married to preachers or men who fear God.
Preachers should let their teachings about relationships and marriages be equipoise. Preachings are always directed to women. While over flogging the virtuous woman's role teach the husband of the virtuous woman to appreciate and value the sacrifices of the virtuous woman by not cheating or emotionally abusing her.
To those phagocytes who take in trash and shabby treatment from men please shut the hell up! Don't put down or rile any woman who wants to be a demigoddess to the demigod and not a servant. A woman has the right to shield herself from unwanted rainfall! kemibijasblog


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Irrespective of your own point of view on something, helping somebody else attain their aim from the conversation will go a long way toward deeper, more meaningful conversations later on. He'll feel that he can discuss more with you and your intimacy will grow if he perceives one to be a fantastic listener.
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I knew Icouldn't be friends with him. Icouldn't stay at any link to him to see him be with other girls and break my heart. I deleted his number and eliminated him.
You should never reveal much about yourself which you've got nothing to talk about in case you meet. You should also never disclose that somebody with intentions can find you or steal from you.
Out of nowherehe disappears, showing up again six months later, texting you that he's missed both you and your kisses but can't seem to explain why he went AWOL. He'd have texted you if he was into you. After all, there's a gadget called a phone that can text and dial quite well from any place on earth. A guy would never endure this kind of behavior. Neither if you from a man unless he informs you what happened in these six months. . . Plus exactly why he went AWOL and he's back. This man has a secret life that he isn't sharing. You don't need men like this in your own life who are here today and gone with no explanations. Don't give him another chance. He's not worth it unless he goes on secret missions and went to war or functions. In that scenario, he's probably making up that so ditch him.
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If you are a' hardenedprofessional' of dating or the on- line scene, revisit what it resembled when you initially began dating, as well as see this new approach( assessing values and ideas) as an opportunity to start your journey once again.
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I unmatched her and reported a girl, then I was banned by Tinder! Because Tinder will review your profile too critical Tip: Never report anybody. I bet I mentioned previously, I got banned and she did not. Your account is dead, onceyou're banned.
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public enemy's chuck d shares the records that changed his life
The Prophet of Rage has been Fighting The Power for 25 years.
Before Flavor Flav was handing out clocks to bizarrely nicknamed bachelorettes on VH1, he was hyping Chuck D's poignant political rhymes on stages across the world with the rest of massively influential rap outfit Public Enemy. Frequently ranked among hip hop's top MCs, the Queens-born Chuck D is perhaps best known for spitting the group's aggressively inspiring Fight the Power, the anthem that rang through Bed Stuy streets in Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing. Inevitably, the socially conscious group garnered criticism from mainstream media outlets for lyrics seen as inflammatory and anti-establishment. But this disapproval helped the band galvanize a generation, and their apocalyptic collage of breakbeats, noise, funk, chaos, wrath, theatre and comedy are still influencing the genre today. 30 years on Chuck D is still an idol. He may have mellowed, but not much, and in a couple of weeks he'll be hitting the UK to deliver more knowledge, performing live with PE as part of the Mogwai curated ATP season. Before then, here's his world in records…
Is there a song that reminds you of having your heart broken?
Harold Melvin and the Bluenotes, The Love I Lost. I mean that's obvious right? How 'bout I Loved and I Lost by Curtis Mayfield?
And at the other end of the spectrum, what song reminds you of your kids?
Everything by Public Enemy - there's a song called Everything, because being a father humbles you . This song is about when you're trying to look for things that you want to have, that you might already have in a form that can't be topped or matched; your son's laughter, his breath, his light, his smile, him calling you his father, and you realize that's pretty much everything. There's nothing that can top that. Even when your kids are driving you to the tenth wheel, you're like, 'Man it doesn't get better than this'.
Have you got any songs that remind you of Flava Flav?
I mean every song reminds me of Flava Flav cos it's his job to kinda be around…
What would you have played at your funeral?
I don't even know. All I know is funeral is not really the word for me being out. I wouldn't mind my ashes being spread all over the earth. I don't know what the soundtrack to that would be though.
You've created some of the most memorable protest songs of the last 30 years, but what are your favorite protest tracks?
Well, Fight the Power - and I'm not talking about Public Enemy's version, I'm talking about the Isley Brothers. I heard it when I was 15 years old and it was the first record I heard with a curse word in it so it was kinda jarring. I mean, People Get Ready by the Impressions, that's also always cool.
Were you inspired by the energy of those songs?
No question I've tried to recreate the energy of those songs, but you know, you have to also read the times - I don't mean any paper, I mean read the present times and see if you can find a language that actually hits people. And you don't want the language that hits the masses to be one that's always catastrophic, like 'I wanna wake you up because we're in such terrible times.' You can be inspirational too. And you can also make people recognize their times a little better, you don't want it to be the energy of desperation.
Are there any artists that you think are successful in channelling Public Enemy in 2015?
Of course, there's many artists out there; Run the Jewels, I think Killer Mike and El-P are a formidable duo that are saying a lot. Dead Prez haven't gone anywhere, Dead Prez are still here. Boots Riley and the Coup. Kendrick Lamar. And even Kanye West when he says something that's jarring and he puts his mind to it. There's a lot of artists.
And who's best in terms of skills?
For me pound for pound it's not just about good skills - the most powerful voice out there is Brother Ali.
You play hip hop from round the world on your radio show. Was there a song that made you realize the culture had gone global?
We built our whole radio station on the basis of planet earth, planet rap. The world is bigger than the country, the earth is bigger than the United Kingdom and the United States, and there's movements going on in hip hop and rap music that are mind blowing, outside what we know. I knew it was inevitable it would happen with hip hop, just like every other sport and music - when you saw the jazz players coming out of Japan in the 80s, I could see rappers doing it, and sure enough there were rappers doing stuff in Japan and South Asia and Africa in the 80s - they've been doing it close to 30 years now so it's nothing new.
So you've got this show coming up for the Mogwai anniversary. Are there any rock bands that you like?
I was at the Rolling Stones rehearsal the other week. I kinda like them (laughs). Anthrax are my guys. I like how they all play together and they keep going.
Are there any songs you're looking forward to playing live when you go to London later this month?
Yeah man we've got a new album out, Man Plans God Laughs, and I'm trying to learn two or three of the songs off that for that night alone, it'll be really interesting to try and perform these records by then. The new album sounds like Yeezus meets Kendrick Lamar meets Run the Jewels put in the blender by Public Enemy, like George Foreman putting it all in a blender. Last time we played in England, in KOKO, it went down, it was an incredible, festive night.
Public Enemy perform in London on 27 June as part of an Mogwai's 20th birthday ATP Season, running from 24 June to the 5 July at the Roundhouse, Camden.
Text Ian McQuaid
Photography Wolfgang Tillmans


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The Christmas Day is coming. People enjoy the holiday all over the world. During the Christmas holiday, may be you will have a tour, may be you will prepare for a wonderful party, may be you will relax at home. Whatever ways you choose, I wish you have a nice holiday!
For me, I am a football game fans. I will play fifa 15 at home most of my holiday time. I buy fifa coins from some website. From fifa 13 to fifa 14 to fifa 15, I know which is the reliable website to buy it. www.fifacoinszone.com, www.fifaultimateteamcoins.com, www.fifacoin.com, those are the best place to buy fifa coins. www.fifacoin.com is may favorite website. I buy fifa coins from it every week.
Now I see a big surprise, fifacoin.com promote a big discount during Christmas Holiday. All the fifa 15 fans could enjoy the game cheerfully. It's time to stock up! Don't miss the last chance to buy the cheapest FUT 15 coins. You could use the discount code "Prexmas" to place order on www.fifacoin.com, you will get a 10% discount. This discount valid from DEC.11 2014 to JAN.2 2015. I guess the price will up when Christmas coming, so now it is the right time to stock up some coins, prepare for the whole holiday and enjoy fifa 15 at home. Today I bought FIFA15 Xbox Coins 730K, my player name: Marek Hamšik, seller name: HotBuns, buyNowprice: 730,000. It costed me 59.53USD, but after I put the "Prexmas" discount code, the price turned to 53.58USD. Oh, I can save near 6 dollars. Do not hesitate, just list the player on the transfer market, then find out your player on fifacoin.com, search your club name, then write down your email, check out. They will deal with your order very quickly. Usually, they can buy your player within 5 minutes. If there is any problem you meet, you could contact their live chat supporter. They will help you solve your problem.


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5 Ways Around the World – Experiential Culture Camp for Caring Kids
Campers at A.L.M.A. explore the "5 Ways Around the World" through the games, art, music, stories, and cuisine of many cultures. Creative and collaborative activities help children understand different communities by building one!
Between projects, play, and plenty of time in nature, kids in our camps go home happy, fulfilled and "good tired." Our 5 Ways Around the World camp is so fun that the next morning the kids can't wait to play and create at A.L.M.A. again!
This camp is right for your family if you want:
- trained teachers
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- explorations of the arts and cultural diversity
- your children to come home happy
- a culminating celebration of achievement
- easy and convenient enrollment and payment
At A.L.M.A., we work with families who have an inclusive world view.
We are committed to making a world where creativity and compassionate action are ordinary.
Dates: 03/23 – 03/27 + Saturday 03/28 – Pick up 9AM (Pajama party – Optional)
Price: $60 a day / For the whole week $250 (Early bird $230 by March 13th, Friday)
Maximum of 20 students
Ages: 2 groups – 5-7 8-10
We look forward to hearing from you!


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Copyright Lawsuit: Defenses Glorifying the Aga Khan filed in federal Court - 2010-04-29
In a surprisingly rapid twist of events, both Mr Tajdin and Mr Jiwa have filed their respective statements of Defense this 29th of April 2010. They affirm to being devoted followers who will unconditionally abide by the wishes of the Aga Khan, whom they glorify in their defense.
Mr Tajdin declares that:
He has not been served yet but the ethics imposed upon him by his faith demands that he should not keep in ignorance the public by being silent on the issue and should clarify all of the facts, pertaining to this lawsuit, of which he is aware.
He reaffirms his allegiance to the Aga Khan, is willing to submit to any of his wishes, and is ready to surrender himself and all his possessions to the Imam.
He has been printing Farman books since 1992 with approval and instructions from the Imam received on August 15, 1992 in Montreal.
He has not received any communication from the Imam from 1992 to 2009 instructing him to stop publication.
He cannot stop publication without instruction from the Imam as this would be a breach of his oath of allegiance to the Imam.
All Farman publications were financial deficit projects done as a volunteer service and large numbers of books were distributed free of charge.
Farman sharing is a historic Ismaili tradition which still continues today.
The current Ismaili Constitution does not restrict the right to publish Farmans
Mr Tajdin concludes that:
He has no choice but to await further direct instructions from the Imam.
He reaffirms his allegiance to the Aga Khan, is willing to submit to any of His wishes, and is ready to surrender himself and all his possessions to the Imam.
Mr Jiwa states that:
"This action does not appear to have been authorized personally by the Aga Khan .."
"In distributing Farman books obtained from Tajdin to other Ismailis, he has not violated either the Ismaili Constitution or any Farmans"
He has not violated the copyright act as "Tajdin was given express authority by the Imam" and regardless of the fact that "the limitations period provided for by the Copyright Act also bars this action as the books containing the Farmans were commenced publication in the year 1992", he will still do whatever the Imam tells him to do.
Mr Jiwa clarifies finances:
He "obtains these books for C$50.00 and sells them for C$50.00 or gives them free, without any profit.
"All monies received by him from the sale of (other) books after 2005 were delivered to the Jamatkhanas"
Mr Jiwa further states that:
"If the Imam edited the Farman before releasing to the Jamats, in effect he is superceding the Farman he made orally previously."
He "unconditionally reconfirms his oath of allegiance to his Imam" and "if the Imam does not desire his Farman books to be distributed to the Jamats (...) this defendant will submit to the instructions of His Imam without reservation whatsoever"
Replies From the Plaintiff are due within 10 days, and Affidavits of Documents are due 30 days later.
[Update from May 6: Ogilvy Renault, the law firm which launched the case has asked for an extension of 15 days to reply to the Defense. They claim delays due to breakdown of email servers, blackberry communication, travel of senior lawyer, time difference with Paris etc...The more delays in this file, the more damage it creates to the reputation of the Ismaili community, the Imam and the defendants. It is to the advantage of all parties that this case be withdrawn from the courts.]
[Update from June 22: Defendants have filed a Motion for summary Judgement to have the case dismissed.]
[Update from September 5:
Online Book that gathers court materials as well as articles that are currently available for the ongoing 2010 Lawsuit:
Copyright Lawsuit 2010: Online Book of All available Materials
News on cross-examinations:
Copyright Lawsuit: CROSS_EXAMINATIONS Table of Contents - 2010-09-04
Latest Development
Copyright Lawsuit: Imam Appears for Discovery and Ends the Case - 2010-10-15
As users are asking to read the letters from Nagib and Alnaz on the court docket, the latest have been attached on the following link:
A. Various Court Filings
Revised Factums have been posted Here:
2010-11-29 Summary Judgment : Plaintiffs Revised Combined Factums of Reply and of Motion
2010-11-29 Summary Judgment: Defendants' Revised Factums of Motion and of Reply
There has been proven fraud in the recent past in the Aga Khan's domain by the Aga Khan's agents:
Aga Khan Lawsuit: Fraud at Aga Khan Studs - 2000-02-22
2011-05-25: A Jamati Member who has never met the Defendants volunteered as his brotherly duty to pay the $30,000 that was demanded in the Plaintiff''s submissions and that was accordingly ordered by the judge.
Read the full details of the $30,000 payment directly to H.H. The Aga Khan.
2011-06-16: The Appeal Memorandum of Fact and Law against the Summary Judgment has been filed in court by the defendants on June 16th, 2011.
Read the Full Appeal Memorandum of Fact and Law
Link to Court Docket Case T-514-10
Link to Court Docket Appeal A-60-11
Link to Court Docket Appeal A-59-11
Link to Court Docket Appeal A-156-13
|Tajdin Defence Apr 29.10.pdf
|Jiwa AK Defence Apr 29.10.pdf
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Profile - ICAB Chair at this time
Noordin Nanji - Profile Vancouver Law Practice Noordin Nanji is a partner in Stikeman Elliott's Vancouver Corporate and Securities Group. He advises public and private companies with respect to mergers, acquisitions and dispositions, joint ventures, the formation and financing of both public and private business ventures and complex strategic transactions.
Mr. Nanji is according to Martindale-Hubbell (Very High to Pre-eminent), its highest level of professional ranking.
Education Osgoode Hall Law School (Juris Doctor 1982) Background He has advised clients in the forestry, mining, technology, outsourcing, investment banking and alternative energy industries, among others. While in private practice, Mr. Nanji was cited as a Canadian leader in corporate finance, corporate commercial, and forestry law by the Canadian Legal Lexpert Directory. He was also recognized by EuroMoney Magazine as leading corporate finance counsel in the "Guide to the World's Leading Capital Markets Lawyers."
From 1998-2009, Mr. Nanji held various senior executive positions at Ballard Power Systems Inc. (Ballard) including, most recently, Vice-President, Strategy and Development. While at Ballard, Mr. Nanji was responsible for developing most of Ballard's key strategic initiatives and held several senior executive roles, focusing on strategy, corporate and business development, intellectual property, corporate governance and complex international transactions. These strategic initiatives included several M&A transactions, critical joint ventures and strategic alliances with leading original equipment manufacturers in the transportation, chemicals and energy sectors, and the formation of Chrysalix Energy Limited Partnership, now a leading venture capital firm in the cleantech industry.
Mr. Nanji has served on the Board of Directors of the United Way of the Lower Mainland. He presently serves as the Chairman of the Aga Khan International Conciliation and Arbitration Board and as a member of the VGH and UBC Hospital Foundation Board. Bar Admission British Columbia, 1983


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Scarlet Fever, Kantha
Product Code: KT1386
A red silk saree decorated with colourful, kantha embroidered floral patterns. The kantha work is arranged in a sloping style along the length of the saree, covering the entire pallav and gradually tapering off at the pleats. The plush fabric, attractive colours and intricate embroidery capture the charm of this saree. It comes with a red blouse, or you may also pair it with a green or orange silk blouse for a more vibrant look.


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Creative Direction Bharat Sikka Studio. Fashion Director Ameet Sikka. Photography Tenzin Lhagyal
You are an authority in the fashion industry since decades now, what are the three key transformations or changes you have seen in the last ten years?
The last ten years, the fashion universe has seen a sea change veering towards a more conscious approach to design. Focus is on creating classics considering the amount of waste fashion generates, plus the impactful message sent by activist Greta Thunberg, which serves as a wake-up call for everybody. Designers now have an increased global presence and what makes their trajectory relevant is the effective mixing of Western ideology with an innate Indian flavour, bridging the proverbial gap between both sides of the Atlantic. Ensembles now have a universal appeal, as they can be worn world over from the hip LA to monochromatic New York, defying geographical boundaries.
The world right now is going through a tremendous low phase fashion too has been hugely affected – what do you foresee for the fashion industry in the near future?
With economic downturn and recession fashion too has been hit by the slump, buying has suffered exponentially. However, we must not forget that 600 million Indians are below 25 and they aspire to buy trendy clothes. Shopping is an essential part of human existence specially Netizens, whose buying behaviour may have changed from brick and mortar stores to now online retail, but they haven't given it up altogether and neither do they intend to in the future. The perceptible change I see is some are now shifting to handlooms and it's heartening to see girls adopting the "new" sari, many want to buy less but the best quality, consumers are varied, tastes are unique, style may be diverse, but as they say "different strokes for different folks".
"The last ten years, the fashion universe has seen a sea change veering towards a more conscious approach to design. Focus is on creating classics considering the amount of waste fashion generates, plus the impactful message sent by activist Greta Thunberg, which serves as a wake-up call for everybody."
How do you curate each fashion week, as one needs to keep evolving. Do you have a board that decides along with you who should participate, what kind of shows to have, who should be the first show and the last? Who should get an offsite etc.
Each India Fashion Week has its individualistic character, this year not only the venue (Dhyan Chand National Stadium) but also the ramp has changed from the regular one to an "O" and "X" shaped. We try and add exciting elements each year, though this season there wasn't any "opening show", we concentrated on the finale, which hopes to bring together the feeling of fashion a family thus the moniker #MyfashionMyfamily. Four giants in the fashion world, Wendell Rodricks, Rajesh Pratap Singh, Anamika Khanna and Manish Arora will showcase their expertise in craft and technique.
Interestingly, inclusivity became our lighthouse, this season, as we let go of height, weight, age and body type restrictions that fashion has succumbed to for eons and embraced free-spirited models, who imbue forward-thinking skills. We have a jury that decides who gets a show as well as new entrants and the board does have a big say, however, the offsite and time slots are decided with a consensus. The two-three designers pairing is made after a detailed thought so that the aesthetics match and there are no ragged lines in terms of ideology.
What were the exciting moments and designers at the SS'20 fashion week?
The LMIFW SS'20 is an amalgamation of young guns and established gurus, we maintain a fine balance, though this year, the scale are titling towards a youthful vibe and ethos as they are frankly the future of fashion. We have Rimzim Dadu, who launched her menswear line, as well as Shyma Shetty and Pravav Misra of Huemn, who paid homage to the iconic fizzy brand Pepsi with a distinct collaboration, each one comes with a signature that has a discerning audience. Love Birds with an impressive off site show and Ikai Ragini AHUJA 's opening show success - once again confirmed that the Indian market is ready for the new wave of Designers.
"Fashion now revolves on three parameters - comfort, functionality and of course, the need of the hour sustainability. There is a marked difference in the thought process of those who belong to the style state, as they feel climate change is real, it will affect all of us in some way."
What are your views on responsible fashion and are we doing enough?
Fashion now revolves on three parameters--- comfort, functionality and of course, the need of the hour sustainability. There is a marked difference in the thought process of those who belong to the style state, as they feel climate change is real, it will affect all of us in some way. Look at nature's fury, with the Bihar floods, earlier Kerala was affected, some parts of the country are struggling with such acute drought that people have to walk miles to fetch water. Thus, the whole idea of recycling, upcycling, reversible jackets, has gained momentum along with Japanese techniques of appliqué like Boro, where you use patchwork to create a brand new outfit from discarded ones. Repurposing what is traditionally considered waste or katrans, designers are making bags, juttis, jewellery and even fashioning outfits that have found a doting audience that feels fashion must have soulful renditions.
Lastly as a fashion enthusiast, patron, supporter, and contributor – what is it about fashion that keeps you so passionate?
Passion is directly proportionate to willpower and I think it comes from my love for design which has permeated every sphere of my life and is not restricted to just what you overtly see --- clothes. I am also a keen observer of our times and fashion is the most powerful chronicler of socio, economic political movements. Whether it was Bob Marley's hippie/trippy shirts, or Dev Anand's scarves neatly tucked into his collars (they complemented the sway of his neck to one side); or Gulzar saheb's crisp white kurtaseven on a wet, rainy day, and his magnificent Lahori juttiswith the machismo-soaked curled toes—— each one says a lot about the person behind the intriguing persona. This is what I find most beguiling about fashion, how it communicated everything without saying anything at all!
Text Shruti Kapur Malhotra


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Footballbible on Facebook and Twitter get up to date football-related news from the English Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga and other leagues around the World. News from Chelsea, Everton, Arsenal, Manchester United, Manchester City and Liverpool.
Arsenal legend Martin Keown believes Mikel Arteta should sign a commanding central defender and a dominant holding midfielder in the summer transfer window.
By contrast, the previous 22 games of the campaign had seen 32 goals conceded, while Arsenal won only seven matches, including just once between October 24 and December 21.
But Arsenal's season still seems braced for disappointment after they squandered a chance to trim the gap to fourth place to just six points on Tuesday night.
Jamie Vardy's equaliser earned the Foxes a point and ensured that Arsenal remain nine points behind them with four games to go of the campaign.
That means that barring multiple slip-ups from their rivals, the north London outfit will again not have Champions League football next season.
And as Arteta looks to strengthen his side in order to restore their top-four status from 2020-21 onwards, iconic former Gunners centre-back Keown wants two positions addressed in the transfer market.
"I know the areas that Arsenal need to strengthen," he told Malaysian network Stadium Astro.
"I'm not going to shout names of players out of respect for people at other football clubs, but I know the type of player.
"I want a very dominant figure to play in central defence, I want a midfield player that can actually control the game.
"The front three is there, we've already seen it, [Nicolas] Pepe doesn't play but we have [Bukayo] Saka now, [Alexandre] Lacazette and [Pierre-Emerick] Aubameyang.
"Aubameyang is as good as anything in Europe. It's just adding one or two players.
"Tierney looked very good to me tonight. Is [Hector] Bellerin going to play? Or is it going to be Cedric [Soares]?
"The system, I'm anxious to see what we're going to play and I believe it'll be the same as what Manchester City play. That's what he's worked on now.
"He's worked with [Pep] Guardiola and learned from him and that, by and large, is the best way to play.
"He's got to get the right people in and do it quickly but we're just coming out of a pandemic, money is short and he's under real pressure to get this job right."
Arsenal are keen to sign Atletico Madrid midfielder Thomas Partey to give them a new commanding presence in the middle, although his release clause stands at around £45million.
The Londoners do not have those funds available and may be forced to offload players or seek a swap deal, with Lacazette and Matteo Guendouzi potential pieces, to bring the Ghanaian to the Emirates.


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Our show this week is all about renegades — people and things that defy the status quo.
Reporters Padmini Parthasarthy and Lee Mengistu talk to Free Radio Berkeley's Stephen Dunifer, one of the pioneers of pirate radio. Nikka Singh profiles a comedian who uses her comedy to poke fun at misconceptions about those with disabilities.
Zoë Ferrigno explores the threat of a non-human renegade — a tsunami — in the bay area. Kaitlin Benz follows a group of athletes fighting the system within their own bodies. And in the first part of a two-part series, Nuria Marquez Martinez follows the potential closure of Alta Bates Hospital in Richmond, and the people trying to stop it.
In part two of the story, we'll explore the term "hospital desert" and the effects it's had on West County.CREDITS:
PRODUCER: Susie Neilson
ASSISTANT PRODUCER: Francesca Fenzi
ANCHORS: Zoë Ferrigno, Nikka Singh
REPORTERS: Padmini Parthasarthy, Lee Mengistu, Nikka Singh, Zoë Ferrigno, Kaitlin Benz
ENGINEER: Cat Schuknecht
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: Ben Manilla
MUSIC: "Wave of Mutilation" by The Pixies, "Fight the Power" by Public Enemy, "Rebel Girl" by Bikini Kill, "Rebel Rebel" by David Bowie
Hospital Desert: Part 1
Richmond residents may lose their second major hospital in less than five years, putting many further and further away from an emergency room.Story Details North Gate Radio Home
Running Toward a Cure for Crohn's Disease
1.6 million Americans suffer from Crohn's and IBD, and many of those people are taking their body back from the disease through running.Story Details North Gate Radio Home
Just Another Disabled Entertainer
"When somebody sees me they think they already know everything, they already know that I'm suffering. They already know that I have it worse than them. They already know that I am embarrassed about how I look and that I didn't want to leave the house. None of which is…Story Details North Gate Radio Home
The Johnny Appleseed of Pirate Radio
From 1993 – 1998, Stephen Dunifer broadcast Free Radio Berkeley, a micro-power radio station, from spots around the East Bay — from up in the Berkeley Hills to the second floor bathroom of a squat in Oakland. After duking it out with the Federal Communications Commission, arguing that forcing radio…Story Details North Gate Radio Home
This Is Not A Test: Tsunami Safety in the Bay Area
In a city surrounded on three sides by water, what happens when a tsunami strikes?Story Details North Gate Radio Home


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- Car park
- Swimming pool
- Spa
- Pets admitted
- Golf
- Transfer service
- Sports
Choose your room
The family-run hotel is located in the spa resort of Bad Gögging. It offers direct access to the Limes Therme thermal baths. All rooms at Hotel Centurio Bad Gögging include cable TV, a fridge, a balcony and a private bathroom with shower. Guests can use the indoor and outdoor pools for a small fee. A breakfast buffet is served each morning. Regional and international dishes can be enjoyed in the restaurant, or on the terrace in fine weather.
Useful information:Other names for Hotel Centurio:
Hotel Centurio An Der Therme


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recreational pursuit 6339 results
Drone view of kayakers on Wailua River, Kauai Island, Hawaii, United States of America, North America
Multi-generational family sitting at an outside table of a restaurant watching a young boy be entertaining.
Portrait of a mid-adult woman walking beside her two teenage daughters on horses.
Three young siblings having fun on a swing together while their older brother pushes them in a grassy field.
Female hiker relaxing in hammock between two pine trees overlooking Elephants Perch and Saddleback Lake, Sawtooth National Recreation Area, Stanley, Idaho, USA
Man jumping into one of Saddleback Lakes, Sawtooth Mountains, Sawtooth National Recreation Area, Stanley, Idaho, USA
USA, Utah, Midway, Soldier Hollow, - February 6, 2012: learning how to biathlon, sighting in the target
Group of friends around campfire at night while camping in Alabama Hills Recreation Area, Lone Pine, California, USA
Two young girls smile and talk as they sit together on a fallen tree trunk while holding open umbrellas.
Mature woman smiles and looks away as she holds an oar ready to row and sits in the aft of a wooden canoe on a lake.
Two mature female friends out to lunch share a laugh with an acquaintance who has come to say hello.