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Charles "Chuck" Dorff, Sr. passes
Charles "Chuck" Evan Dorff, Sr., age 83, a Coalgate resident, passed away June 22, 2019 at Coalgate at the age of 83 years, 4 months and 21 days. He was born February 1, 1936 to Leland and Jesse Maurine (Seale) Dorff at Texas. Chuck was a machinist and fabricator for heavy equipment. He was an avid hunter and fisherman, had his private pilot license and built his own airplane. Chuck enjoyed riding motorcycles and was an excellent cook.
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China's economy is generally developing healthily, the country's national political advisors said on July 15.
The main economic indicators are within an appropriate range, with positive factors driving the country's high-quality economic growth gaining ground, members from the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference National Committee pointed out at a symposium on China's economic development in the second quarter of this year.
It also should be noted that the economy still faced some difficulties and challenges, they said.
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The country's GDP logged 6.3-percent growth in the first six months of this year, in line with the government's annual target of 6-6.5 percent.
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Request Funding
When to request funding for Article Processing Charges (APCs)
Funding is available for papers acknowledging funding from one of the UK Research Councils: AHRC, BBSRC, EPSRC, ESRC, MRC, NERC or STFC.
The current RCUK Block Grant award period runs from 1st April 2020 to the 31st March 2021. Any funds that are committed for you will remain committed until then end of the award period.
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Request funding for an Article Processing Charge (APC) by creating a record in the staff profile system
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Lost Sense Of Smell May Be A Clue To Infection
- by Virginia Carter
- in World Media
- — Mar 26, 2020
Knowing that loss of smell is an early indicator of COVID-19 could be very useful in helping people who might otherwise feel fine self-quarantine, the ENT experts said.
You can find the latest Coronavirus (Covid-19) advice from the NHS here.
In countries including China, South Korea, and Italy, patients who have tested positive for COVID 19, a third of them have complained about the loss of smell (Anosmia or hyposmia) as has been reported by leading ear, nose and throat experts in the UK.
The organisation consists of ear, nose, and throat specialists in the United Kingdom and it releases a statement saying that there was "good evidence" that patients in China, Italy and South Korea developed these symptoms, known as anosmia, while they were infected with the virus.
"Just to give you guys an update, loss of smell and taste is definitely one of the symptoms, haven't been able to smell anything for the last 4 days".
Hopkins, who published the statement along with Nirmal Kumar, the president of ENT UK, a body that represents, ear, nose and throat specialists in Britain, said she was driven by recent discussions on rhinological discussion boards related to the coronavirus pandemic. If a person who didn't have conditions such as hay fever or chronic allergies did develop a sudden loss of taste or smell, that could "warrant serious consideration for self-isolation and testing of these individuals", the AAOS said.
The association of anosmia with coronavirus infection was noted during an outbreak in New Rochelle, New York when many ENT doctors noted that patients who said they couldn't smell as well as before later turned out to be infected with the virus. "It could contribute to slowing transmission and save lives".
According to a case report from Taiwan, a woman infected with SARS, a close cousin of COVID-19, lost her sense of smell for more than two years. However, Germany is not testing at the same rates as South Korea and the data may be skewed.
"There is evolving evidence that otolaryngologists are among the highest risk group when performing upper airway surgeries and examinations", said a notice posted on the academy's website on Friday.
Physicians from other countries have cited reports indicating that a "significant number" of coronavirus patients experienced anosmia.
Even if you don't fit the criteria for testing, stay home and isolate yourself from other people if you suspect that you might have been in contact with someone carrying the virus. Marco Metra, cardiology chief at Brescia's main hospital, which has 700 coronavirus patients out of a total of 1,200 patients, says, "Almost everybody who is hospitalized has this same story". Again, this affirms the potential for anosmia to be an early symptom, appearing initially as the virus takes hold in a patient's nose and throat.
Many people who have lost their sense of smell initially turned to Twitter for answers, especially ones who had no other symptoms of COVID-19. Kumar was quoted by Sky News as saying. The sense of smell usually returns when the infection resolves, but in a small percentage of cases, smell loss can persist after other symptoms disappear.


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(According to the discussion leader, the advert is OK so here it is.) Wanted: One HIGHLY motivated individual (to be the first person I recruit) to work WITH me in my new research lab. First, I'll tell you what I am looking for in a scientist; second, about one possible research project you could work on; third, I'll tell you a little bit about myself; and finally, I'll tell you how to respond to this advertisement. I am looking for one person to work WITH me as either a technician, postdoc or research assistant. You can have a BS, MS or Ph.D. and the salary will be commensurate with your experience, what I think you can bring to my lab, the "position title" and frankly how much you impress me when I interview you. The salary range is from $22K to $32K and includes benefits i.e. health insurance, you MUST be a US citizen, and MUST be willing to work in the Bethesda, MD area, and MUST be willing to start by 1 Feb. 1997 or sooner. Funding is available for two years (and possibly longer depending on my grant writing success). If you are being hired as a first-time postdoc, you will be expected to write several postdoctoral fellowships to attempt to get outside funding. If you are still interested, read on. The perfect individual for this job would have to be competent in molecular biology i.e. in designing and constructing plasmids, making and purifying fusion proteins from bacteria, PCR, site directed mutagenesis and random mutagenesis methods, doing plasmid preps, etc. He/she would also have experience running protein and agarose gels, western blotting, working SAFELY with radioisotopes, and performing immunofluorescence experiments. Experience with EM a plus. He/she would have experience working with Saccharomyces cerevisiae i.e. growing strains in liquid and solid medium, doing gene disruptions, tetrad dissection, and experience with 2-hybrid or other genetic screening methods would be a plus. You have to be willing to work with rabbits and mice (these will not be your co-workers and the lab doesn't have mice, I think?). The fusion proteins will be used to make polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and I will also want to "raise" ascites from monoclonal hybridoma cell lines in mice. The person would also be familiar with the Macintosh OS and be able to learn Filemaker Pro, Nisuswriter, DNAStar software, Photoshop, Canvas, and Cricketgraph. I don't expect anybody to have experience in all of these areas, but if you have some experience and impress me that you have the capability to learn additional techniques, that will be sufficient. One project which you may work on involves defining the function of a new protein required for exocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. If you work on this project, you would be expected to epitope tag the protein for immunoprecipitation experiments and for immunofluorescence localization, make temperature sensitive (or other conditional mutant) alleles of this gene, and look for genetic interactions between your mutants and other late-acting sec mutants. You would make fusion proteins to make polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and do genetic screens, either 2-hybrid or suppression screens of your mutants to look for interacting gene products. I am Daniel TerBush and I have been recently appointed to a tenure track position at a university in the Bethesda, MD area. My appointment starts 1 November 1996 and until I officially start I am not supposed to mention the name of the institution in this advertisement which is why I have left it out. I did my Ph.D. work in Dr. Ronald Holz's lab at the University of Michigan studying exocytosis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. I have recently completed a postdoc in Peter Novick's laboratory at Yale University where I have identified a multiprotein complex required for exocytosis in yeast (TerBush and Novick, 1995, July, JCB 130: 299-312). To respond to this advertisement, send a cover letter and C.V. to danter1 at aol.com. In the cover letter you must confirm in the FIRST paragraph that you are a US citizen, that working in the Bethesda, MD area is OK and that you can start by 1 Jan. 1997. Tell me in a general way about your work experience and cover anything that isn't necessarily easy to fit into a C.V. (For instance, I started a Macintosh computer repair company as a graduate student to make extra money but this is not something that fits nicely on a scientific C.V.). Also, tell me what level of education you have BS, MS or Ph.D. and the type of position you are looking for. Depending on the number of responses I receive, I may not reply right away but I will try to respond to all applications. Do not send your information twice! Before 28 Oct., I'll be in the New Haven, CT area and after that in Bethesda. You will have to be willing to come to me to be interviewed and I do not have funding at this time to pay for your visit so keep this in mind when you are applying. Finally, I just wanted to comment on why the "position title" is not more focused, i.e. postdoc only, or technician only, etc. Since you are the first person I am hiring, I dearly want someone with a lot of technical skill i.e. a postdoc or experienced technician which would be a big help to me because I would have to spend less time training. But I am willing to consider someone less experienced with a burning desire to learn and do research and willing to commit at least two years of time to my lab. If you are applying as a postdoc, currently I do not have a technician. I expect to have additional funding in April which will allow me to hire one, but until then (or if the funding falls through) you will have to be willing to share the "lab chores" (there is a departmental dishwasher but all medium, plates etc. will have to be made by us until we get a technician). So, as a postdoc you had better have the attitude of "if something needs to get done I'll do it myself" since you won't necessarily have someone to do it for you. If you are applying as a research assistant, you should pretty much have the same attitude. If you are applying as a technician, will be getting stuck with a lot of the "lab chores" as part of your job responsibilities. However, if you impress me with your ability to "get science done", I'll use my April money to try to hire a "lab aide" to make solutions and pour plates, etc. to free up more of your time for more productive work.


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The Fundamental Conflict Between Positive and Negative Fairness
by Niklas Haas on June 20, 2020
Tagged as: life, society, philosophy.
While thinking about what it even means for a society to be 'fair', I came to define sub-terms that I think would be useful to use more widely. The inspiration comes from positive and negative liberty. As with the trend of 'positive' rights implying some sort of action or protection, I see 'positive fairness' as being an active protection against discrimination - for example via 'positive action'. On the other side, 'negative' rights imply some sort of inaction or passivity, in this case I see 'negative fairness' as any mechanism that's designed to discriminate 'fairly', e.g. by distributing rewards unequally according to either effort or needs. In other words: As with other social rights, negative fairness is the ability to discriminate, and positive fairness is the protection from discrimination. 1
It seems to me that the trend in society is that both negative and positive fairness are desirable things, similar to how society generally wants both negative and positive rights of other varieties. We end up having to decide, almost on a case-by-case basis, which things should be on the 'negative' side of the spectrum, and which things should be on the 'positive' side of the spectrum. To use a simple example, we generally agree that the 'freedom from being murdered' is more societally useful than 'freedom to murder', which is why murder is illegal in practically every society. For more topical examples, we generally agree that preferential treatment on the basis of e.g. gender, heritage or religion should be protected against (e.g. anti-discriminatory laws), but we also generally agree that preferential treatment on the basis of differences in effort, ability, or choice, are justified.
So far so good, right? But the problem arises when we consider transitive causality. Let me demonstrate an illustrative example: In the absence of other information, would you consider it fair that somebody applying to a college or faculty with a lower admission rate (due to e.g. its higher popularity) has a lower acceptance rate than somebody applying to a faculty with a higher admission rate? I think the general answer is 'yes, that's fair' - the argument goes that the choice of which faculty to apply to is one the person makes, therefore it's not unfair for somebody who knowingly picks a more difficult college to get into to end up not being accepted. The question is this: How does this picture change if I add the information that the choice of college is highly associated, perhaps even causatively linked, with the applicant's gender? Scenarios like this is exactly where the (in)famous Simpson's paradox ends up illustrating the point perfectly: in the classic example, UC Berkeley's individual departments are on average unbiased (or even slightly biased towards women), yet women still have a lower admission rate than men overall, due to the transitive causative link between the gender and the choice of department.
The question we want to be asking is this: To what extent are we trying to balance positive and negative fairness? Is it ethical to hire a worse applicant over a more qualified one simply on the basis of their gender? 2 I think that to some extent, we consider this type of preferential treatment 'fair', when their qualification itself is causatively linked with gender. In this instance, we are sacrificing negative fairness (qualification –> reward) in order to promote positive fairness (gender -/-> reward). It becomes a question of policy, almost on a case-by-case basis; and moreover, it becomes a question of scope. Going back to the UC Berkeley example: Should we rate the fairness of UC Berkeley's hiring process on a per-department level, or should we rate it overall? Should we evaluate the fairness of an economy on a per-sector basis, or should we evaluate it overall? Should a 'fair' hiring process completely obscure the applicant's gender, nationality etc., even if this means the resulting admission rates will not at all be balanced with respect to the demographics of the society? I don't think there are any obviously right answers to this, because shifting the focus one way or the other eliminates one type of fairness but necessarily introduces another type of unfairness - so it becomes a question of which type of unfairness we perceive as worse.
Moving away from the gender-based example, we can also apply the same concept to e.g. insurance and health care. The classic question being: Is it justified for somebody to have access to a higher standard of health care if they can afford it? But I think this question is seemingly less controversial: Is it justified for somebody to have access to more social benefits if they have a higher need for it? I think that in the latter case at least, the almost universal answer is going to be 'yes'. But what if the degree of health care they require is due to self-inflicted factors? Do we consider it fair that somebody who lives a haphazard and unhealthy lifestyle has a higher risk of death than somebody who does not, or should society have an obligation to spend more effort protecting people from their own ignorance/stupidity/apathy? If we answer this question in a way that contradicts the previous question, we're again left with a unresolvable conflict. Due to the causative link between an unhealthy lifestyle and a higher need for medical treatment, there's no way to gain one type of fairness without sacrificing another type of fairness. Should insurance companies be allowed to charge more for individuals with a higher history of past accidents, especially accidents deemed to be within their control? If no, is it 'fair' that somebody who gets into fewer accidents has to pay more simply to cover the cost of somebody else's daredevil antics and high-octane passions? Is it fair that ISPs have to charge the majority of their customers an excess price just to cover the costs of a few individuals abusing the flat-rate system to download orders of magnitude more than the average household? (And is it fair that somebody who earns more also has to pay more taxes? 3)
It seems to me as the most natural approach to try and resolve these types of conflicts is to ask the question of how much influence the individual we're discriminating against had over their outcome. We generally agree that we should be responsible for factors within our control, while not being held responsible for factors outside our control. The reason people consider discrimination on the basis of gender or ethnicity to be undesirable is precisely because these are factors outside of our control - you don't choose where or how you're born. But what about discrimination on the basis of e.g. intelligence? For some reason, we (ironically) believe that people with a very low intelligence (e.g. clinical retardation) deserve extra social benefits, yet at the same time, lavishing people with a very high intelligence (i.e. an accomplished genius) with exceptional rewards and awards. It's almost as if the wrong place to be is in the very middle. Somebody with an average intelligence has the worst of both worlds, in that they lack the natural ability to excel at problem solving, while at the same time being smart enough to have the expectation of solving those problems. In other words: for some reason, we assume that somebody of average intelligence is held responsible for their inability, while somebody of extremely low intelligence is not. And if we agree that it's fair to reject an applicant on the basis of their low intelligence, is it fair to use somebody's academic performance as an indicator for their intelligence? If 'yes', is it fair to use somebody's religious beliefs as an indicator for intelligence? If 'no', what's the fundamental difference there? Aren't both transitively linked indicators for the actual causative metric we care about? As an even more fun example, what about discrimination on the basis of physical appearance? Is it fair that somebody born ugly has lower chances of forming a relationship? Is it fair that somebody with a naturally 'goofier' look makes a more successful comedian?
The problem is that I believe that it's possible to form a transitive causative link between anything and factors outside your control. Maybe the only reason you ended up becoming a murderous psychopath was because of your genetics. Maybe the only reason you ended up drowning yourself in alcohol was because of your upbringing. Maybe the only reason you ended up applying to a more difficult department to get into was because of socioeconomic circumstances pushing you in that direction. How many degrees of 'separation' between the source ('outside' your control) and the target ('within' your control) of a bias do we demand in order for that transitive influence to be considered fair to ignore? How much 'free will' do we assign to people, and is it okay to discriminate against a group that 'willingly' self-marginalizes, e.g. incels or other separatist extremists? I think it's pretty clear that trying to answer these questions with either 'universally yes' or 'universally no' gives rise to an equally insane world, with the societal consensus being somewhere in the middle ground.
The bottom line is that the 'ideal society' many of us seem to be fighting for is simply put, fundamentally impossible - and it becomes a question of what sacrifices we're willing to make, in what contexts. Trying to focus too much on one relationship (e.g. gender -> pay) obscures the transitive causative links and biases coming from elsewhere, and there's no "right" way to eliminate these types of biases. Put differently, there always will be biases and injustice - the question is, which type of bias do we prefer and why? And that's the part where we can no longer apply logic, instead resigning ourselves to be led merely by gut feeling and chaotic social dynamics - against which there ultimately isn't even an argument. It seems to come down to simply what people happen to feel at the time. Ironically making the most marginalized group in society those whose natural-born opinions and acquired beliefs happen to differ from the majority - and for whom, in a democracy, there can never be anti-discriminatory laws, because passing laws requires a majority opinion.
Though I'm not particularly married to these particular terms, especially since I can easily imagine them being the other way around: positive fairness implying a causative link, and negative fairness implying the absence of a causative link. But I think the way I defined them initially is the one that goes most with the spirit of positive and negative rights in general.↩
As an amusing thought experiment: I hypothesize that the answer to this will actually depend on which specific genders we substitute in the question, with the average responder more likely to be outraged by a less qualified man being hired over a more qualified woman than the other way around. And if so, this might be indicative of an internalized belief of female inferiority - after all, why would it be more fair to give women preferential treatment unless you happen to secretly assume that women are less capable and therefore more 'in need' of preferential treatment?↩
I think the answer is typically "yes, because they can afford to", but that lacks the nuance of considering whether or not they even fundamentally deserve to. I think the true answer has to depend on how they acquired that wealth. The most likely correlation seems to be that somebody with a lot of money gained it primarily by exploiting the system and effectively taking it from others, which is precisely why they do deserve to have their wealth redistributed by the government. But on the flip side, somebody who earned their money in a way that derives from their exceptional service to the community (e.g. a highly-paid researcher or engineer) is already contributing to the well-being of others, why double-tax them? In essence, a functioning system would reward ingenuity while punishing psychopathy, but since that's impossible to systematically distinguish between, we tax people universally as a compromise.↩