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Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market By Mobility (Wheeled, Tracked, Hybrid, Legged), Size (Small, Medium, Large, Very Large, Extremely Large), Mode of Operation (Tethered, Teleoperated, Autonomous), System (Payloads, Controller System, Navigation System, Power System, Others), Application (Military, Law Enforcement, Federal Law Enforcement, Commercial), Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026
Market Analysis: Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market
Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market is expected to rise from its initial estimated value of USD 2.81 billion in 2018 to an estimated value of USD 8.56 billion by 2026, registering a CAGR of 14.95% in the forecast period of 2019-2026. Increasing demand of UGV in defence sector is major factor for the growth of this market.
Market Definition: Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market
Unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) is a vehicle that runs on ground without any human assistance. It is usually designed for the situations where it is impossible to have any human operators. It have many sensors that analyse the situation and make decision itself accordingly or forward the information to the operator at other location who will then accordingly control the vehicle with the help of teleoperations. It is widely used in military to carry supplies, and provide vigilance information.
Market Drivers:
- Increasing demand of UGV in civilian applications is driving the growth of this market
- Rising demand for autonomous control system is another factor driving the market growth
Market Restraints:
- Dearth of advanced visual capabilities in UGVS is restraining the market growth
- Restricted battery life is another factor restraining the market.
Segmentation: Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market
By Mobility
- Wheeled
- Tracked
- Hybrid
- Legged
By Size
- Small (10-200 Lbs)
- Medium (200 - 500 Lbs)
- Large (500 - 1000 Lbs)
- Very Large (1000 – 2000 Lbs)
- Extremely Large (>2000 Lbs)
By Mode of Operation
- Tethered
- Teleoperated
- Autonomous
- Fully Autonomous
- Semi-Autonomous
By System
- Payloads
- Sensors
- Radars
- Lasers
- Cameras
- Motor Encoders
- Articulated Arms
- Gps Antennas
- Others
- Controller System
- Navigation System
- Power System
- Others
By Application
- Military
- Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance (ISR)
- Search & Rescue
- Combat Support
- Transportation
- Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)
- Mine Clearance
- Firefighting
- Others
- Law Enforcement
- Federal Law Enforcement
- Commercial
- Oil & Gas
- Firefighting
- Physical Security
- Agriculture
- Domestic
By Geography
- North America
- Canada
- Mexico
- South America
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Rest of South America
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- United Kingdom
- Italy
- Spain
- Russia
- Turkey
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Switzerland
- Rest of Europe
- Asia-Pacific
- Japan
- China
- South Korea
- India
- Australia
- Singapore
- Malaysia
- Indonesia
- Thailand
- Philippines
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
- Middle East and Africa
- South Africa
- Egypt
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates
- Israel
- Rest of Middle East and Africa
Key Developments in the Market:
- In February 2019, FLIR Systems, Inc. announced that they have acquired Endeavor Robotic Holdings, Inc who develops unmanned ground vehicle for public safety, military and critical infrastructure market. The main aim of the acquisition to develop intelligent sensors which can save lives. This will also help the company to expand their business worldwide and provide better technologies to their customers.
- In October 2016, Milrem, and QinetiQ announced the launch of their first fully modular, hybrid unmanned ground vehicle- Titan. It is specially designed with h QinetiQ's robotic control technology – the TRC (Tactical Robot Controller) and RAK (Robotic Appliqué Kit). It is made for military application which will assist and replace soldiers so that they can perform their tasks in the battlefield. This new UGV also increases efficiency and reduce operator workload and reduce overall cost.
Competitive Analysis: Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market
Global unmanned ground vehicle market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of unmanned ground vehicle market for global, Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific and South America.
Major Market Competitors/Players: Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market
Few of the major competitors currently working in global unmanned ground vehicle market are QinetiQ, Northrop Grumman Corporation, ENDEAVOR ROBOTICS, INC., Cobham plc, ICOR Technology, ASELSAN A.Ş, RE2, Inc., Nexter Systems, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Oshkosh Corporation, Clearpath Robotics Inc., Harris Corporation, General Dynamics Corporation, Robo-Team Ltd, DOK-ING d.o.o., Boston Dynamics, Leonardo DRS, Autonomous Solutions Inc., BAE Systems, Rheinmetall AG, ReconRobotics Inc.
Research Methodology: Global Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market
Data collection and base year analysis is done using data collection modules with large sample sizes. The market data is analysed and forecasted using market statistical and coherent models. Also market share analysis and key trend analysis are the major success factors in the market report. To know more please Request an Analyst Call or can drop down your inquiry.
The key research methodology used by DBMR Research team is data triangulation which involves data mining, analysis of the impact of data variables on the market, and primary (industry expert) validation. Apart from this, other data models include Vendor Positioning Grid, Market Time Line Analysis, Market Overview and Guide, Company Positioning Grid, Company Market Share Analysis, Standards of Measurement, Top to Bottom Analysis and Vendor Share Analysis. To know more about the research methodology, drop in an inquiry to speak to our industry experts.
Key Insights in the report:
- Complete and distinct analysis of the market drivers and restraints
- Key market players involved in this industry
- Detailed analysis of the market segmentation
- Competitive analysis of the key players involved


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The details for the 1st quarter meeing of 2020 are below. We start at 7:00 and will be done by 8:00. Come a few minutes early to check in and grab a cocktail to bring to the meeting if you'd like.
March 2, 2020 at Northampton Valley CC in Richboro
100+ Women Who Care Bucks Cty
c/o Lynne Kelleher
BHHS Fox & Roach, Realtors
677 S State St Newtown Pa 18940
Phone: 215-860-3229
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Stay tuned for meeting details

subset: commoncrawl


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Budapest, January 10, 2017 10:00
Magyar Telekom announces that its chief officer András Gyenes leaves the company as of January 10, 2017. With effect from January 11, 2017 Tibor Rékasi is Magyar Telekom's new Chief Commercial Officer Residential – who will also simultaneously be the chairman of the Board of Directors established newly in T-Systems Magyarország Zrt. The temporarily assigned interim Chief Executive Officer of T-Systems Magyarország Zrt. will be Zoltán Kaszás from January 11, 2017.
András Gyenes has been Magyar Telekom's Chief Commercial Officer Residential since July, 2015. "In the past one and a half year spent with Telekom, András has done a lot to increase the emphasis on customer aspects both in improving our operation and establishing new services. The successful introduction of the Magenta 1 integrated tariff package in Hungary relates to him, which tariff scheme has more than 100 thousand customers by now. We wish him all the best in his future career" – said Magyar Telekom's Chief Executive Officer, Christopher Mattheisen.
Tibor Rékasi has been Chief Commercial Officer Enterprise of Magyar Telekom and Chief Executive Officer of T-Systems Magyarország Zrt. from October 1, 2013. He joined Magyar Telekom Group in September 2008 as Managing Director of IQSYS Zrt., a subsidiary of Magyar Telekom. From October, 2012 until September 30, 2013 he was the chief officer responsible for the Sales Division of T-Systems Magyarország Zrt. From October 1, 2013 he has been Chief Commercial Officer Enterprise of Magyar Telekom and Chief Executive Officer of T-Systems Magyarország Zrt.
Since December 1, 2015 Zoltán Kaszás has been leading the Infocommunication Solutions division of T-Systems Magyarország Zrt., as chief officer. Earlier he has been head of IT of the Hungarian Post, the Budapest Airport, the MOL Group, as well as OTP Serbia.
Based on the decision of Magyar Telekom's Board of Directors, a three member board of directors will be established at T-Systems Magyarország Zrt. effective from January 11, 2017, with Tibor Rékasi as chairman.


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I haven't been enthused about fresh bloods in the game since I discovered Martina Spetlova a couple of seasons ago, but I'm happy to share a few new names that I have chanced upon lately. Today's instalment features Timur Kim – a young graduate from CSM whose fashion journey reminds me of Pedro Lourenço's. Both grew up far away from the major fashion capitals, and have had their works shown on runways when they were still teenagers, not a feat many people can boast about (whether that was due to their respective privileges, that's a story for another time). Hailing from Russia, Kim moved to London for his BA and MA in fashion design, founding his eponymous label in 2012.
The FW14 collection that I am posting here is a maturation of his MA show. There are strong similarities between the two but it's easy to discern the improvements that he has made. Fabric seems sturdier, tailoring sharper. Fluidity of the garments have been enforced so that they look less flimsy yet still moves beautifully. And I am glad he's chosen not to reuse the shiny fabrics nor the strictly monochromatic blue colour scheme. There is a strong nod to Minimalism – sharp lines, non-figurative shapes – regardless of whether that is intentional on his part. Abstract geometric patterns are infused with cocoon silhouettes reminiscent of Balenciaga – which is of course a weakness of mine.
It is also rather fortunate that Kim has chosen to open his own e-store. I'm usually rather shy in contacting designers about their prices because chances are as soon as I receive their replies I'd have to send back an elaborate and strongly apologetic version of 'Um. Maybe next time. Thanks'. That pretty much deters me from contacting them altogether because I detest potentially wasting other people's time. Currently the store is selling his SS14 wares, and I'm certainly looking forward to the launch of the fall winter collection.
Introducing: Timur Kim
June 22, 2014by
Tags: Timur Kim Category: Designer Talk


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Sign Up For the Latest News & Exclusive Offers
Stay informed about Plano news and special events by subscribing to our quarterly e-newsletter.
Plano Texas is an active and lively community with many events of interest to our out of town guests and local community throughout the year. Ethnic festivals, arts and crafts fairs, exciting theatre, sporting events and much more are included in the calendar of events. Use the easy search box below to find out what is going on during your visit or plan your next trip to Plano around one of these great events. If you are interested in having an event listed on our calendar, you can Submit an Event here.
Please note: We are doing our best to confirm events in our city during this time. However, it is advised for you to look at event websites/social media or contact event organizers directly prior to attending an event to confirm if it is still happening.
Frightfully funny laughs are in store in this bright new version of Mary Shelley's classic Frankenstein – adapted just for kids to perform! Frankie and Irving are science nerds who have an unusual idea for the upcoming Science Fair! When Doctor Frankenstein's ancient secret book arrives from Transylvania, the friends are whisked into a sci-fi fantasy of time-warped, weirdly scary and lively adventure!
Written by Kathryn Schultz Miller, based on Mary Shelley's FRANKENSTEIN
Friday, October 18, 7:00 pm
Saturday, October 19, 1:00 and 5:00 pm
Sunday, October 20, 1:00 pm
Thursday, October 24, 7:00 pm
Friday, October 25, 7:00 pm
Saturday, October 26, 1:00 and 5:00 pm
Stay informed about Plano news and special events by subscribing to our quarterly e-newsletter.


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This nifty tip is set to be a hit with the kids!
If there's one thing most parents can agree on after this isolation period - it's that even the most organised of parents have had their hard days. And now, one mum has shared a candid look at her day, admitting she may have found a way to keep her kids occupied while they're being homeschooled.
Taking to Facebook group, Feed your family on a budget, mum Cheryl mentioned a hack that could be super useful to mums who are getting sick of having to wash up throughout the day.
"My kids are having a bad day - week 8 of lockdown is taking its toll," the mother began.
"We had an afternoon tea as a treat a few weeks ago but thats pricey for a regular thing. I kept the boxes and they've gone mad for our cheap version."
In the pack, the mum included a mix of healthy and delicious treats. But perhaps the sweetest addition, happens to be the mini bubbles containers - the perfect way to keep the children busy.
The post has since gone viral, attracting more than 2000 likes, with several parents commenting about how innovative the simple idea is.
"Looks lovely, I think lockdown is a struggle for everyone, so nice to have a treat," one wrote.
"What a brilliant idea! It must be so hard for kiddies it's important for us all to remember we are going to have good days and bad days - both are ok. I hope they enjoyed their treat and have a better day tomorrow," another added.
"What a lovely idea, love this you've put bubbles in as well," a third said.
We've got to agree - this is super thoughtful.
How are you keeping your kids entertained during isolation? Let us know on LifeStyle's Facebook and Instagram page.


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Work location
Date of birth
Current status
In practice
Zhu works at Beijing Zhongyin Law Firm. She got herself involved in numerous human rights cases. In 2010, she was the subject of investigation and supervision and was later asked for a conversation at the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau. Not only was she told not to participate in any future human-rights-related activities, but she was also threatened to have her license renewal affected and family members suffered after turning down the request. Zhu's license was suspended and both her work as well as personal life were also being disturbed.
Corporate law, contract, intellectual property, labour law, land and property and human rights
Cases handled
2010 Dai Jian Ming case


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About Lukyamuzi Roseo
Roseo lives at home with his family. At home he helps with the family chores. He enjoys playing football with his friends. Roseo is a part of our CEP program. This means that he lives with his family, but is sponsored through Okoa.
CEP sponsorship includes:
1. At least one healthy meal per day
2. Medical care
3. School fee payment
4. School supplies
5. Life skills, hygiene education and playing on Saturdays
6. Sunday school and Bible stories on Sundays
Without your help, Roseo can't go to school. Will you sponsor him and change his life forever?


text: The Mitsubishi Pajero Owners Club® :: View topic - GLASS : DRIVERS CODE OF CONDUCT The Mitsubishi Pajero Owners Club®The Mitsubishi Pajero, Shogun, Montero, Challenger, Raider and EVO 4x4 Owner's Club The POCUK - it's not just a Club, it's a way of life! FAQ Search Watched Topics Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your personal messages Log in Calendar Club Shop Chatroom Classified Ads POCUK Home POCUK Forums POC.pl Yellow Diamond Clubs GLASS : DRIVERS CODE OF CONDUCT The Mitsubishi Pajero Owners Club® Forum Index -> Green Laning Tips and Techniques View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message PoCUKSite AdminAge: 56Zodiac: Joined: 09 Oct 2002Posts: 3749Location: S/W New Forest Border Posted: Wed Dec 01, 2004 16:13 Post subject: GLASS : DRIVERS CODE OF CONDUCT Detailed below is the GLASS Drivers code of Conduct, please take the time to read it if you are even considering going Green-Laning (or any other off-roading!) : Use only rights of way with known, proven or provable vehicular rights. If challenged, discuss; if not resolved, then leave as requested until status is rechecked. Keep to the defined track. Detour only to pass immovable obstructions. Report any obstructions (including low branches) to the highway authority and the local GLASS Area Representative. Be critical of your own abilities and equipment when assessing an obstruction; it is your right to abate a non-lawful obstruction, but do not commit yourself to a bigger task than you are equipped for. If the route is not obvious on the ground, ask locally, or check on the maps held at the highway authority offices or consult the local GLASS Area Representative. Travel at a quiet and unobtrusive pace and as slowly as practicable; we recommend a maximum of 12 mph when in a 4x4 and on an Unsurfaced Right of Way (URoW). Ensure your vehicle is fully road-legal, URoW are subject to the same laws as surfaced roads. When travelling in groups, keep to a small number - four or fewer. Split larger parties up and either use a different route or allow a good interval to elapse before following. Do not travel on URoW when they risk being affected beyond a point of natural recovery once the weather improves. If need be, walk some or all of the route first to determine its suitability. Do not use URoW that maybe damaged by the wheel pressure applied by your vehicle. Avoid damage to trees, hedgerows and boundaries. Some roads carry vehicular rights but are physically too narrow for 4x4s. Do not practice recovery techniques on any URoW. Use a winch only with extreme caution, and use only the correct equipment and techniques. Be courteous to other road users - pull over and stop your vehicle for walkers, but pull over, stop your vehicle and switch off the engine for passing horses. Thank those who move over for you. After consultations with Country Landowners Association and National Farmers Union HQ's, "best practice" dictates that gates if they were found to be secured in an open position should be left open, and those which are found shut or swinging should be shut behind you; the landowner might appreciate being told about a gate insecurely propped open if you see them. Keep dogs and children under supervision. Watch out for injured or trapped animals, and report all suspicious events to the landholder. Guard against all risks of fire. Take your litter home and that left by others if you see it, wherever practicable. Plastic bags can suffocate stock if swallowed. Help to keep all water clean. Remember that wildlife faces many threats and URoW are valuable habitats, take special care in spring and early summer. Follow the Country Code, but be aware that it is for your guidance only. © Green Lane Association September 2004 Back to top GoogleSponsor Posted: Wed Dec 01, 2004 16:13 Post subject: Google Ads keep the POCUK free to join! Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First The Mitsubishi Pajero Owners Club® Forum Index -> Green Laning Tips and Techniques All times are GMT + 1 Hour Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Insurance----------------Pajero / Shogun / Montero insurers / insurance Pajero Technical Forums----------------Main technical forumTechnical FAQPajero / Shogun / Montero / Raider - DIY workshopPetrol model specific Q&A4M41 / 3.2 (DiD) modelsMk4 / Gen4 2006 on modelsNewbiesStarting / running issuesEGR Valve Q&AElectrical issuesGearbox / transmission & 2WD / 4WD Q&AWheels, tyres, suspension, brakes and steeringOils, lubes and fluidsAir Con / Heater issuesMOT / Servicing Q&AICE / Radio / Sat-Nav / Alarms / Key FobsRecall noticesTop tipsBio-diesel / SVO / alternative fuelsVehicle modificationsSVA / ESVA / Certificate of Conformity Q&AUseful linksComputer bytesRadio CommunicationsOther vehicles technical Q&A Members Only----------------Club NewsLifetime MembersClub deals and special offersNew member introductionsGroup buys / special dealsHave you seen this?member2member servicesProduct tests and reviewsSuggestion boxPic of the monthPOCUK syndicates Non-technical----------------POCUK loungePajero / Shogun / etc - non-technicalWas it you?Readers DrivesOut and aboutArchive (non-technical) Club events----------------Club events'Other' eventsClub event reviews & photo'sWhere are you? National Club Events----------------JAE 2016JAE 2015RAF Cosford Airshow 2013Chillin' by the Severn 2013Mega-Meet 2012Chillin' by the Severn 2012RAF Cosford Airshow 2012Party in the Peaks 2011 - PITP VIIMega-Meet 2011Chillin' by the Severn 2011Party in the Peaks 2010 - PITP VIMega-Meet 2010Mega-Meet 2009Chillin' by the Severn 2009Party in the Peaks 2009 - PITP VParty in the Peaks 2008 - PITP IVChillin' by the Severn 2008Mega-Meet 2008Challenge BritainChillin' by the Severn 2007Mega-Meet 2007Mega-Meet 2006 Green Laning and 'off-road'----------------Green Laning and 'off-road' - Useful LinksGreen Lanes / Rights of WayGreen Laning Tips and TechniquesGreen Laning Q&AGreen Laning and off-road eventsLaning / Off-roading write-ups & photo's Lest we forget----------------V8 Rick - RIPStu Crawford - RIPOnan the Barbarian - Steve Hart - RIPNick the Nurse - Nick Frain - RIPFlyin' High! - Mark Heritage - RIPMore x 4 - James Smith - RIP Announcements----------------Stolen Vehicle ReportsSpecial requests EVO forums----------------EVO technical forumEVO discussionEVO Mods Service Links----------------Dealers / Motor TradersGarages / Mechanics / Servicing AgentsParts suppliersBreakersSpecialist services, parts & accessoriesBreakdown / Recovery services Caravanning & Camping----------------Towing & technicalCaravan & Camp site recommendationsCaravanning & Camping useful linksCaravanning discussionCamping discussion Challenger / Sport----------------Challenger / Sport technical forumChallenger / Sport discussionChallenger / Sport useful linksChallenger / Sport modifications L200 forums----------------L200 technical forumL200 discussion PAJERO PININ & JUNIOR forums----------------Pinin & Jnr technical forumPinin & Jnr discussion Private Ads----------------'For Sale' sections - rules of useMOTORS / PARTS & other stuff For SaleRate the sellerWanted Delica archive----------------DELICA technical forumDelica Technical FAQDelica useful links and other stuff You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forumYou cannot attach files in this forumYou cannot download files in this forum All contents © Hobson's Choice IT Solutions Ltd 1997 on Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


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Vaccination in patients with immunosuppression.
In congenital or aqcuired immune deficiencies, infectious diseases which can be prevented by vaccination have a severe course because of supression of the immune system by the disease itself or the treatment methods used. Therefore, vaccination is important in immune deficiency. Although the protective antibody levels achieved in healthy individuals can not be provided in patients with immune deficiency, there is no drawback in administering inactive vaccines in accordance with the vaccination program. On the other hand, live viral and bacterial vaccines should not be administered during periods of immunosupression in conditions where the immune system is strongly supressed by diseases or drugs, since they would cause to systemic infection. Physicians should have sufficient knowledge about contraindications of vaccination in individuals with immune deficiency and in people who live in the same house with these individuals. (Turk Ped Ars 2014; 49: 181-5)
Key words: Live vaccines, immune deficiency, inactive vaccines, contraindication
The possibility of having diseases which can be prevented with vaccines and having a severe disease is high in patients with primary (deficiency of cellular immunity, humoral immunity or both) or secondary (acquired, suppression of the cellular/humaral immunity following morbidity or treatment) immunosupression. In patients with immune deficiency, the safety and efficiency of vaccines vary with the type and severity of immunosupression. Since studies related with efficiency and safety of vaccines in patients with immunosupression are limited and the guidelines related with administration of vaccines in these individuals are usually based on hypothetical information, "surveillance" studies should be pursued after vaccination. On the other hand, vaccination rates in individuals with immunosupression are not high because of insufficent knowledge of physicians about efficiency, safety and contraindications of vaccines (1).
Degree of immunosupression
Individuals with severe immunosupression: patients with combined primary immune deficiency (including severe combined immune deficiency), patients who receive cancer chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, the first two months following solid organ transplantation, children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with CD4-T lymphocyte count below 15%, patients who have received high dose corticosteroids for a long term, individuals who receive biological immunomodulator agents. The degree of immunosupression in patients in whom hematopoetic stem cell transplantation has been performed varies according to the type of the donor, the type of transplantation (autologous, allogenic), problems which develop after transplantation and the treatment administered.
Individuals with mild immunosupression: individuals who have received steroids for a period shorter than 14 days and at a low dose (<20 mg), asymptomatic patients with HIV with a CD4-T lynphocyte count of 15-24%, patients who receive low dose methotrexate (MTX: [greater than or equal to]0.4 mg/kg/week), azathioprine [greater than or equal to]3 mg/kg/day, 6-mercaptopurine [greater than or equal to]1.5 mg/kg/day for maintenance chemotherapy for cancer (2).
Live vaccines
As a rule, severe systemic reactions may develop against vaccine strains in individuals with severe immunosupression and in individuals with unknown functions related with the immune system. Therefore, live viral vaccines (polio, MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), varicella) and live bacterial vaccines (BCG) should not be administered unless the individual is in the remission stage. However, some live vaccines can be administered safely in some immune system disorders or when the benefit of the vaccine outweighs the side effects.
Inactive vaccines
In primary and secondary immune deficiencies, all inactive vaccines (recombinant, subunit, toxoid, polysaccharride, conjugated polysaccharide vaccines), conjugated pneumococcal (CPV), tetanus-diphteria-acellular pertussis- hemophilus influenza type B (Hib) -inactive polio (DTaB-Hib-IPV), inactive influenza, tetanus-diphteria-acellular pertussis-inactive polio (DTaB-IPV), Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A)] can be administered in accordance with the child's vaccination schedule (1-4).
Diseases which cause to primary immune deficiency
Congenital immune deficiencies including complement deficiencies, phagocyte dysfunctions, cell receptor and signal transmission disorders, X-linked agammaglobulinemia which leads to antibody production failure, variable immune deficiencies, severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, complete Di George syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, adaptive immune deficiencies including ataxia-telangiectasia are very important causes of infections, morbidities and mortality. Inactive vaccines can be administered safely in these patients. Live vaccines should not be administered, since they may cause to severe systemic disease by way of viremia/bac-teriemia. For example, oral polio vaccine (OPV) may lead to paralytic polio in humoral (B-lymphocyte) and combined immune deficiencies. Rotavirus vaccine is not recommended in primary and secondary immune deficiencies, since it is not safe. However, some authors recommend administration of OPV in individuals with HIV infection or who have had contact with HIV considering the benefits and risks. OPA should not be administered to the family members of these individuals. Inactive and live vaccines have been mostly administered to children with primary immune deficiency during infancy, since they are diagnosed lately because of the rarity of the disease. Immune deficiency should be considered, when systemic BCGitis occurs following administration of BCG. Live vaccines can be administered, if there is only IgA deficiency (4, 5).
There is no contraindication for inactive and live vaccines administered in accordance with the vaccination schedule in congenital complement deficiency including classical and alternative complement pathways including deficiency of C5-C9 complement component and factor H and D deficiency. These individuals should be vaccinated with conjugated Hib and conjugated meningococcal vaccine, since the risk of morbidity due to hemophilus influenza type B and meningocuccus will increase. Similarly, children with congenital immune deficiency should receive complete doses of Hib and conjugated pneumococcus, 4-component and 5-component combined vaccines (1, 2).
Varicella and MMR vaccines can be administered to children with chronic granulomatous disease, congenital and cyclic neutropenia and complement deficiency. However, live bacterial vaccines (BCG, thypoid fever) should not be administered in phagocyte dysfunction. Live vaccines preferably should not be administered in phagocyte dysfunctions including leukocyte adhesion defect and Chediak-Higashi and cytokine signal disorders (2, 4).
In asplenic patients and in patients in whom the spleen is dysfunctional, especially bacteriae with polysaccharide capsule cause to severe infections with a high mortality rate. Therefore, administration of vaccines for Hib, pneomococcus and meningococcus is important in these individuals. PCV-13 vaccine, Hib vaccine (included in the 5-component vaccine) and conjugated meningogoccus vaccine which are included in the vaccination program should be administered. These vaccines should be administered two weeks before operation in case of scheduled surgical splenectomy because of the disease (2). All inactive vaccines including conjugated polysaccharide vaccines (penumococcus, Hib) and 4 and 5-component combined vaccines can be administered in conditions where B cell (antibody deficiency) and combined immune deficiency are present. However, vaccine protection is not good after vaccination in patients who receive immunoglobulin and in severe deficicency states. Live vaccines including varicella, OPV and MMR are not recommended in moderate-severe B cell immune deficiency, because response to vaccine is insufficient and severe side effects may be observed (2-4).
Vaccination of patients with immune deficiency is summarized in Table 1.
Patients with cancer
Cancer may decrease the protectivity of vaccines or inactivate vaccines directly with damage to the organ involved or indirectly with chemotherapeuticals, radiotherapy, blood products and monoclonal antibodies used. Generally, hematological cancers including leukemia and lymphoma affect the immune system of children with a higher rate compared to solid cancers. All available inactive vaccines provide the desired protective effect in children with cancer, though with a lower degree compared to individuals with healthy antibody levels. Polysaccharide or conjugated pneumococcal vaccine should not be administered to patients who receive blood products and monoclonal antibody (including rituximab) for at least 6 months. The number of doses of 4 and 5-component combined vaccines and hepatitis vaccines should be appropriate for the age. Since infections due to bacteriae with polysaccharide capsule have a severe course in patients who have undergone splenectomy because of morbidity, vaccines for pneumococcus and meningococcus should be repeated with certain intervals (five years) and Hib vaccines should be repeated until the age of 6 years in these children.
Diseases including measles and varicella have a severe course in patients with cancer. Since live viral vaccines will lead to viremia in the active period of the disease in cancer patients who receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy, these vaccines are not recommended in these patients and family members during this period. Varicella and MMR vaccines should be administered when the disease is in remission (three months after the drugs are discontinued at the earliest) or before chemotherapy. The same is also true for BCG vaccine (1-4).
Hematopoetic stem cell transplant recipients
The immunity against diseases in hematopoetic stem cell transplant recipients is affected by the transplantation type (autologous or allogenic stem cell transplantation), the immunosupressive drugs used, the time passed after transplantation and organ rejection. The vaccines administered previously in accordance with the vaccination schedule should be repeated, since the immune system is supressed to a great extent after stem cell transplantation and the immune memory is lost. If it is time to administer a live vaccine according to the vaccination schedule before transplantation, it should be administered 4 weeks before transplantation at the earliest. All inactive vaccines which have not been administered before can be administered after transplantation. 4 and 5-component combined vaccines, dT can be administered 6 months after transplantation and CPV, meningococcal vaccive and seasonal influenza vaccine can be administered 3-6 months after transplantation. Hepatitis B vaccines can be administered without waiting after transplantation. Hepatitis A vaccine can be administered 12 months after transplantation. Varicella and MMR vaccines should be administered 24 months after transplantation. These live vaccines should not be administered, if the transplanted organ is rejected. BCG vaccine should not be administered in these patients, since T cell functions are very insufficient. Although the risk of cytomegalovirus infection is high in transplant patients, there is no licensed vaccine against cytomegalovirus yet (1, 6).
Solid organ transplant recipients
Vaccination is necessary in organ transplant recipients, since catching infection will be easy because of immunosupression due to present organ failure, rejection of the transplanted organ and immunosupressive drugs used after transplantation. In these patients, inactive vaccines appropriate for the age should be administered 2 weeks before transplantation and varicella, OPV and MMR vaccines should be adminsitered 1 month before transplantation. There is no clear data about when to vaccinate unvaccinated individuals or individuals with incomplete vaccination after transplantation. However, as mentioned above, all inactive vaccines included in the vaccination schedule can be administered. These vaccines are reccomended to be administered 6 months after transplantation when the immune system is supressed relatively less. Primary doses can be administered before transplantation and rapel doses can be administered after transplantation. Since hepatitis A and hepatitis B have a severe course in organ transplant recipients, it should be ensured that hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccinations are completed. Conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (CPV-13) can be administered both as the primary dose and rapel dose. Polysaccharide vaccine (PPS 23) can be used as a repeated dose after two years of age and after conjugated vaccine. Live vaccines should not be administered, since immunosupressive drugs are given after transplantation (1, 2, 7).
Individuals with chronic inflammatory disease
In rheumatic, neurological, hematological and gastrointestinal chronic inflammatory diseases, the immune response against vaccines and side effects of vaccines may show difference compared to healthy individuals because of the properties of the disease (exacerbation-remission) and various immunosupressive drugs, monoclonal antibodies and biological agents used. Although the protective antibody level is lower compared to healthy individuals, inactive vaccines are not contraindicated in patients with chronic inflammatory disease. Conjugated vaccines including pneumococcal, Hib and meningococcal vaccines can be administered. Other inactive vaccines should be administered in accordance with the vaccination schedule as in healthy children. Live vaccines (varicella, MMR, oral polio) should not be administered under intensive immunosupressive treatment and if severe immunosupression due to the disease is present. These vaccines are administered in the remission phase of the disease. Low dose corticosteroid treatment (up to 20 mg/day) is not an obstacle for administration of live vaccine. Live vaccines can be administered in individuals with HIV infection without severe immunosupression. Hepatitis A and B vaccines should be completed in patients with chronic liver disease (1-3, 8, 9).
Individuals who receive biological agents to decrease inflammation
These new drugs which are usually known as cytokine inhibitors are used as immunomodulators in combination with other immunosupressive drugs in various chronic inflammatory diseases including mainly juvenile idiopathic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease with a gradually increasing frequency in recent years. These drugs which act as antibodies against proinflammatory cytokines decrease inflammation by affecting cytokine receptors. Their action of immunomodulation continues weeks after continuation of treatment. These drugs facilitate pathogenity and/or reactivation of microorganism for which the cellular immunity should be effective including mainly intracellular bacteriae and weaken the individual's cellular immunity. Inactive and live vaccines should have been completed in these individuals. MMR and varicella vaccines should not be administered in the patients who receive these agents at least for 6 months (1, 2, 10, 11).
Individuals who use corticosteroids
The degree of immunosupression due to the disease, other immunosupressive drugs used simultaneoulsy and the amount and usage period of corticosteroids affect the predisposition to infections and response to vaccines. A steroid (prednisolone or equivalent) dose higher than 2 mg/day or steroid treatment at a dose of more than 20 mg and with a period longer than 14 days in children weighing more than 10 kg cause to immunosupression. Live vaccines should not be administered in these individuals until at least one month after steroid discontinuation. Lower doses with shorter periods than mentioned above, topical, local or aerosol steroid usage are not contraindications for live vaccines during the period of treatment. In cases where other immunosupresive drugs are used simultaneously, live vaccines should be administered after discontinuation of these therapies (3 months at the earliest) (2).
Indiviuals who receive intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and other blood products
The efficiency of live virus vaccines may decrease, if administered before two weeks of administration of IVIG (standard or hyperimmunglobulin) or in 1-2 months after administration of IVIG. Since IVIG supresses especially the response to measles vaccine for a very long time depending on the dose, MMR vaccine should be administered 8 months after administration of IVIG. Although the effect of IVIG treatment on varicella vaccine is not known fully, it should be postponed 8 months as with MMR vaccine. If MMR and varicella vaccines have been administered within 14 days before IVIG, they should be repeated after IVIG (8 months). Transfusion of washed erithyrocyte suspension does not postpone administration of live vaccine. However, MMR and varicella vaccines should be administered three months after (other) erithyrocyte suspension transfusion, 6 months after whole blood transfusion and 7 months after plasma and platelet transfusion. Since oral polio vaccine, rotavirus, live influenza virus, all inactive vaccines are not affected by blood and blood product transfusions, they can be administered in accordance with the vaccination schedule (1, 4).
Family members of individuals with immune deficiency
There is no drawback to administer all vaccines (including rotavirus) except for OPV to family members of children with primary or secondary immune deficiency. Care should be taken to complete vaccination in family members including mainly the siblings (1-5).
Peer-review: This manuscript was prepared by the invitation of the Editorial Board and its scientific evaluation was carried out by the Editorial Board.
Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the author.
Financial Disclosure: The author declared that this study has received no financial support.
(1.) Ljugman P. Vaccination ofimmunocompromised hosts. In: Vaccines. Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PAu, (eds). 6th edition. Elsevier Inc: Saunders, 2013; 1243-56.
(2.) American Academy of Pediatrics. Immunization in special clinical circumtances. In: Red Book 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, Long SS, (eds). 29th edition. Elk Grove Village (II.) American Academy of Pediatrics, 2012; 74-90.
(3.) Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58: 309-18. [CrossRef]
(4.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2011; 60: 1-64.
(5.) Shearer WT, Fleisher TA, Buckley RH, et al. Recommendations for live viral and bacterial vaccines in immunodeficient patients and their close contacts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133: 961-6. [CrossRef]
(6.) Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, et al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15: 1143-238. [CrossRef]
(7.) Campbell AL, Herold BC. Immunization of pediatric solid organ transplantation candidates: immunization in transplant candidates. Pediatr Transplant 2005; 9: 952-61. [CrossRef]
(8.) Davies K, Woo P. Immunization in rheumatic diseases of childhood: an audit of the clinical practice of British Paediatric Rheumatology Group members and a review of the evidence. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41: 937-41. [CrossRef]
(9.) Heijstek MW, Ott de Bruin LM, Bijl M, et al. EULAR recommendation for vaccination in paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70: 1704-12. [CrossRef]
(10.) Bingham CO, Looney RJ, Deodhar A, et al. Immunization responses in rheumatic arthritis patients treated with rituximab: results from a controlled clinical trial. Arhtritis Rheum 2010; 62: 64-74. [CrossRef]
(11.) Farmaki E, Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou F, Spoulou V, et al. The effect of anti-TNF treatment on the immunogenicity and safety of the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Vaccine 2001; 28: 5109-13. [CrossRef]
Ahmet Arvas
Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
Address for Correspondence: Ahmet Arvas, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
E-mail: email@example.com
Received: 23.06.2014
Accepted: 04.07.2014
Table 1. Vaccine contraindications, efficiency and risks in immune deficiencies Immune deficiency Diseases Primary immune deficiencies B lymphocyte Severe antibody deficiencies (humoral) (X-linked agammaglobulinemia, variable immune deficiency) Mild antibody deficiency (selective IgA deficiency, Ig subgroup deficiency) T lymphocyte Complete deficiency (severe combined (cellular) immune deficiency, complete DiGeaorge syndrome) Partial deficiencies (partial Di George syndrome, ataxia-telengiectasia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome) Complement Persistent complement deficiency, C5- deficiency C9, C3, properdin, factor B deficiency Fagocyte Chronic granulomatous disease, dysfunction leukocyte adhesion defect, myeloperoxidase deficiency Secondary immune Asplenia/functional asplenia deficiencies Chronic renal diseases Cancer, organ transplantation, autoimmune disease, immunosupressive treatment, radiotherapy HIV/AIDS Immune deficiency Vaccine contraindication Primary immune deficiencies B lymphocyte OPV, live influenza (humoral) (LAIV), live bacteria (BCG, typhoid fever), MMR, varicella and rotavirus OPV, BCG. All other live vaccines can be administered T lymphocyte All live vaccines (cellular) All live vaccines Complement None deficiency Fagocyte Live bacterial dysfunction vaccines (BCG, typhoid fever) Secondary immune None deficiencies LAIV Depending on the individual's immune status all live viral/bacterial vaccines OPV, BCG, MMRV, LAIV, if severe immunosupression is present MMR and varicella vaccines are not administered Immune deficiency Efficiency, risks, interpretation (a) Primary immune deficiencies B lymphocyte The efficiency of vaccine is unclear, (humoral) if dependent on only humoral response. Intravenous immunoglobulin affects the response to MMR and varicella vaccines negatively All vaccines are efficient, but the immune response may be weak T lymphocyte Inactive vaccines can be (cellular) administered; all vaccines are probably inefficient/low efficiency The efficiency of vaccine depends on the degree of immunosupression Complement All vaccines are efficient, pneumococcal deficiency and meningococcal vaccines should be absolutely administered Fagocyte All inactive vaccines and other live dysfunction vaccines (though less efficient) are efficient Secondary immune All vaccines are efficient, capsulated deficiencies polysaccharide vaccines (pneumococcal, meningococcal, Hib) should be administered Pneumococcal and Hepatitis B vaccines should be completed Vaccine efficiency depends on the immune status MMR, varicella, rotavirus and all inactive vaccines are efficient Pneumococcal, meningococcal and Hib vaccines are beneficial OPV: oral polio vaccine; LAIV: live attenuated influenza vaccine; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; BCG: live bacterial vaccines; Hib: hemophlus influenza type B; MMR: measles-mumps-rubella; (a): all other vaccines in the Schedule can be administered
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I always thought it would be the US that passed something like the #CopyrightDirective to kill the internet as we know it.
@freakazoid they really do. And Facebook. But i am ok with FB dying
@jerry I'm OK with them both dying, but my concern is the willingness of legislators to throw out rule of law and cause massive collateral damage just to attack individual companies while the people cheer them on.
@jerry It'd be one thing if the US was subsidizing Google and FB in some way, but I haven't heard anyone making that claim. Nor have I seen much counterevidence to the claim by some Americans that the reason Google, FB, and Apple are American and not European is that Europe's laws stifle innovation.
A Mastodon instance for info/cyber security-minded people.


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Ep. 102- The Skin and Diet Connection- The Root Cause of Skin Conditions with Jennifer Fugo
10.10.2019 - By UpliftFit Nutrition
In this episode, my guest Jennifer Fugo, MS, CNS, and I dive into the connection between skin and the diet & root causes of common skin conditions.
Some of the key points in this conversation include:
-What skin issues mean- why they can't be ignored!
-Skin rashes and nutrition- common root causes (ex. eczema and psoriasis)
-Nutrient deficiencies and skin
-Food intolerances, overgrowths, dysbiosis and skin
-Could food poisoning be what could have impacted your skin and gut health?
-SIBO & skin- conenction in overexercising & undereating
-Low stomach acid home test- why stomach acid matters!
-Importance of getting OFF your workout clothes as soon as you can & washing (PLUS what to wash with!!)
-Acne- what can be the root cause of non hormonal acne flares?
-The trauma and mental health that can come with skin conditions
-My own hair loss story
-Nutrients to focus on for healthy skin care!
My info:
Website: www.upliftfit.org
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Jennifer's info:
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Karabo Ngoepe
JOHANNESBURG- As the festive season fully kicks in, traffic officials throughout the country are battling to deal with drunk driving, speeding and un-roadworthy vehicles.
The Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC) said scores of motorists have been arrested on South African roads for drunken driving and speeding since the start of the festive season. Spokesperson Simon Zwane said their operations are already yielding results on the roads. He said they impounded an un-roadworthy bus destined for Zimbabwe during the launch of the Arrive Alive campaign in Limpopo on Tuesday.
"A total of 126 motor vehicles have so far been discontinued after being found with various defects which make them unfit to be on the road. More than 160 drivers have been arrested for drunken driving and five motorists have been caught driving at excessive speeds. The worst speedster was stopped on the N2 near Winkelspruit in KwaZulu Natal," said Zwane.
South Africa has a high rate of road fatalities during the holiday periods and alcohol consumption, excessive speeding coupled with defective cars have been identified as key drivers for the high numbers. During the 2016 festive season, 1,714 fatalities were recorded on the roads, indicating a 5% increase from the previous year.
This year, the Easter holiday period accounted for 235 deaths on the roads, an increase of 51% from 156 over the same period the previous year.
Zwane added that they have noticed a trend of accidents increasing between 7pm to midnight and between 4am and 8am. He said the agency has identified problematic areas and they would be giving them attention this year.
"Statistics from the previous festive season show that road accidents increase in the evenings between 19H00 and 24H00 and in the morning between 04H00 and 08H00. Most accidents occur over the weekends. Routes that pose the highest risks and built up areas – i.e. suburbs, townships and settlements – have been identified for intensified policing to reduce pedestrian and driver fatalities. The fitness of public transport and overloading will also receive close attention to reduce the number of pedestrian deaths. Traffic authorities have taken these factors into consideration in their planning and will be working around the clock to ensure traffic officer visibility and enforcement of the law," Zwane said.
He appealed to motorists to play their part in reducing road crashes during this period by obeying the rules of the road and avoiding alcohol, speed and reckless driving.
Meanwhile, the Road Traffic Management Corporation is investigating a major crash that occurred in the Eastern Cape this morning (Wednesday). A Minibus patient transport vehicle overturned on the N6 between Queenstown and Jamestown Eastern Cape killing 6 patients including an 8-month old baby and the driver.
"The exact cause of the crash is subject to the ongoing investigations," Zwane said.


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Questions & Answers from IDP IELTS' Live Forum
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I've been having problems with an air leak on my Sid forks and I was wondering if the CSU from my Rebas would be interchangeable with the Sid unit if it's the CSU that's damaged and causing the air leaks?
Does anyone know?
Both forks are the 2013 Solo Air models with 100mm travel.


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JC020: Cool smooth T
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About The Game :MouseCity - Eight Rooms Escape is a new point and click escape game developed by Selfdefiant for Mouse City. You are locked in a room, once you make it out there will be more for a total of eight. Can you figure out how to escape all eight rooms? Good luck and have fun!
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April 23, 2013 by Justin Bannister, NMSU News Center
The Technology Incubator at New Mexico State University's Arrowhead Center will present the launch of start-up company OneEighty with a premier "first look" event at Corbett Center from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Wednesday, April 24. The event will feature free popcorn, gift cards, giveaways and the opportunity to join its membership club. OneEighty will also host a launch party to be held at The LNG Company at 1441 Mesa Ave., one block north of Barnes & Noble at NMSU, from 10 a.m. until 4 p.m.
Based at Arrowhead Center's Technology Incubator, OneEighty is a no-charge membership club that gives NMSU students, staff and members of the Las Cruces community instant access to deeply discounted offers from local merchants.
"This is an opportunity to meet the team from OneEighty and see how easy it is to discover, purchase and redeem amazing offers on products and services from local merchants," said Tim Swope, founder and chief operating officer of OneEighty. "It's 180 degrees different than anything seen before, and it's getting started right here in Las Cruces."
As a company, OneEighty is also committed to the mission of Turn Bullying Around, a nonprofit organization dedicated to building self-esteem in middle-school-aged students as a pathway toward abolishing bullying. A portion of all proceeds goes directly to Turn Bullying Around to fund delivering programs to students in middle schools in the Las Cruces area.
Arrowhead Center will be available during these events to answer questions about its on campus Technology Incubator and student incubator, Studio G. For more information, visit www.for180.com.


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Evangelism – it's something we should be about as evangelicals, right? It's perfectly logical, that's what we're named after: the euangel, the good news of Jesus. It follows that we should be about getting the word out about that thing we are saved by and define ourselves by.
Perhaps when you meet with a brother to read the Bible and fellowship you talk about people you want to invite to church. Perhaps you keep each other accountable to be praying for and inviting to church those friends on your "Prayer of Three" or "Five Friends" list (a common practice in many churches). Ask someone in your church about evangelism – "how do you evangelise to your friends?" I guarantee you, "Invite them to church" will be a very common answer.
What I hear and see to be the situation in many, if not most (perhaps even all), churches in the Sydney area is an understanding of evangelism as "invite your friends to church/this event." This message is everywhere, coming down from the pulpit, in the leadership meetings, through the small groups, by encouragement in one-on-one contexts – invite, bring, and other various verbs – just get your non-Christian family and friends along to church or to this event so they can hear the gospel and get saved!
Wait up – that's evangelism? Really? That's a legitimately biblical form of evangelism? That's God's master plan for evangelism? And the church grows like that?
Pastors, be real. Think – how has your church grown numerically over the past year or two? "Oh, we've had a great season of growth – we've had 20 people become members and do our members course!" Great! More hands at the ready for mission. But how many of those people are fresh conversions? I'm willing to bet that in most cases that very few of these souls are fresh, radically transformed and born again followers of Jesus. They are instead "transfer growth," the product of a house or job move or dissatisfaction with one's old church. And transfer growth is no growth at all; it adds no one to the kingdom of God.
When did our ecclesiology wander so far from the New Testament that the meeting of the church has become about attracting non-Christians and making them feeling comfortable? Comfortable? You'd be doing an unbeliever a disservice making them feel comfortable.
It's the Easter weekend right now. I'm sure you were encouraged to invite your friends and family along to the Easter services. Maybe you even got given some leaflets to give to people. Perhaps your church put an advertisement in the local paper. Is that really biblical evangelism?
My concern is that we have lost biblical evangelism – gospel declaration has left the people and become the clergy's task (returning to Roman Catholicism, perhaps?), evangelism is suppressed as a synonym for invitation. Whatever happened to "and three thousand were added to their number that day," and "their number was added to each day"? Whatever happened to the radical preaching of the world-upheaving good news of God's love and justice in Jesus Christ coupled with the moving of the Spirit in power validating the preaching of the word with signs and wonders and regenerating people's hearts and bringing faith and repentance to the ignorant (I just did a Paul the Apostle right there), like he has done with us and with millions of others?
I propose that there are at least eight reasons (though there would be countless others) that the church, at least in Sydney, is not growing and is failing in its' current understanding of evangelism:
- Quenching of the Spirit – we've suppressed the work of the Spirit to lip-service about how he saves and changes us but don't understand or experience his power and leading in living and evangelism
- Invitationism – evangelism is now understood across the board in churches to be primarily (though never in creed) inviting your friends to church/evangelistic events
- Clergyvangelism – the work of telling people the gospel, of ministering the good news to the lost, has fallen on the pastors and "ministers," so-called, quite contrary to the Scriptural prescription (walks hand in hand with number 2).
- Gospel-vaguefulness – if a non-Christian family member asked you what the central message of Christianity is, what would you tell them? Could you tell them? Do you know and can you tell the gospel?
- Misecclessiology – we've misunderstood church and the purpose of meeting together, which affects the way we do church, causing church to become anthropocentric, centred on man instead of on God.
- Knees Unscrapped and Unbruised – we are not a prayerful church. And why should we be? We get our daily bread handed to us on a platter. And it's usually three days worth. Why pray for revival and its' accompanying disarray with broken, messy souls to deal with when you can have comfort instead?
- The Great Trap of the West – comfortableness (part of the cause of number 6). O, we're a comfortable bunch, aren't we? Right now as I type this I am sitting on a lovely couch and typing this on a Macbook. Seriously – why the hell do I have all this?
- Church is Fine Tuned for Goats – false conversions abound and many churches facilitate this by being soft on sinners. For this there is Christendom, sinners-prayerism, and worldliness to blame. We use carnal means to attract carnal people. This means that "the church" isn't on mission because many in the church don't see the need to be because they have not put their faith in Christ alone to save them from their sin. I mean, you're a pretty nice person already, right? And so are most other people, right? It's not like there's any urgency to telling people the gospel as though Jesus could come back any day, right?
I don't doubt that what I'm saying will come across as arrogant and prideful to some. I have foreseen some potential misunderstandings (such as, "there's not much Scripture here, my heresy-sense is tingling," or, "this is a huge generalisation"), and I've chosen not to address them, though Paul the Apostle would probably advise that I do. Perhaps there is truth to such accusations and misunderstandings.
Regardless, this is my prayer and hope: that this would open up the floor for conversation, for biblically facing the facts, and ultimately for biblical reform.
Ecclesia reformata, semper reformanda secundum verbum Dei. The church reformed, always being reformed according to the word of God. Can we carry on this vision of the medieval reformers who left the apostate Roman Catholic church? Can we have the humility to wound our pride and rethink our practice to be orthodox (no, I don't mean denominationally, hence the lower case "o"), maybe even our theology where necessary? Are we willing to sacrifice face for the salvation of souls through the renewal of strength of our witness, to the glory and renown of God on this earth?
I said a little while ago on Facebook, "Jesus didn't say, "Bring your friends to church so they can hear the gospel," he said, 'Go!'" That's what I'm on about – I don't see the church going.
Don't let this Easter pass without thinking about this glorious gospel and how we can better declare it to a lost and ever darkening world. Please, don't stay comfortable. For the sake of the world and the glory of our great God, Christ and gospel.
So, how do you think we should do evangelism? Are we on the right track? How can we improve? How can we be more biblical?