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Inspire Wales Increasing Participation in Sport
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Recommendations 1. A Plaid Cymru government would conduct comprehensive research into reasons for participating in, taking-up and dropping out of sport for adults and children from different socio-economic groups and with different protected characteristics. This should inform an evidence-driven approach to policy. 2. In terms of infrastructure, a Plaid Cymru government would focus on how sport and leisure facilities are delivered rather than investing in expensive sporting facilities. We would consider an approach similar to Ireland's Local Sports Partnerships with regional sports bodies responsible for planning, measuring, encouraging and delivering sport and leisure services at a regional level, linked with Local Authorities. They could foster links between National Governing Bodies, Local Authorities, schools, sport clubs and leisure centres to ensure every community has relevant sport and leisure facilities to meet their needs. 3. We would consult with interested parties in order to place a statutory responsibility on Local Authorities to deliver sport and leisure facilities, working with regional sports bodies and sports clubs. 4. We would consult with interested parties in order to place a requirement on schools to open their facilities to communities out of school hours. 5. We would consult with interested parties with the intention of establishing a right to access wellbeing facilities such as cycle routes, leisure facilities, green spaces, school facilities and sports clubs for disabled as well as non-disabled people. We would consider developing a wellbeing oyster card – valid across Wales – across Local Authorities enabling the use of facilities. We would also consider developing online wellbeing profiles for people to set their own targets for sport and physical exercise and measure their progress. 6. Following guidelines from the Welsh Government and Sport Wales we would place a requirement on schools through the National Curriculum following the Donaldson review to ensure a varied programme of two hours a week of high quality PE, in consultation with pupils regarding the content. 7. We would develop and deliver an Inspire Wales programme with elite sportspeople trained in public speaking and visiting schools, leisure centres, sports clubs and community centres to discuss their personal and professional experiences and inspiring others to take part. Such visits should be conducted out of school hours and parents and the wider community encouraged to take part as well as children. We would ensure that people from different socio-economic groups and groups with different protected characteristics are represented. 8. Linked to the Inspire Wales programme, mentoring and coaching programmes would be delivered by regional sports bodies, including programmes in which families can take part together. 9. Support would be offered to sports clubs setting-up from scratch with Sport Wales and regional sports bodies developing and offering training and support on how to set-up and run a sports club and how to access funding streams. 2
1. Introduction Wales has often been described as punching above its weight in terms of sports. Welsh athletes achieved a record medal haul in the London 2012 Olympic Games and we hope to repeat that performance in Scotland's 2014 Commonwealth Games. Success in elite sport is often viewed as an end in itself but it is also often thought of in the context of inspiring people to participate in sport on a personal level. Increasing sport participation and physical activity levels in the general population in turn is linked to improvements in health and wellbeing. This paper examines the link between elite sporting success and participation in sport at a grassroots and personal level. As well as improving health and wellbeing, raising participation levels in grassroots sports may in turn increase the pool of talented sportspeople taking part in elite-level sports in future. It also looks at whether Wales has the necessary infrastructure to deliver sport and leisure facilities and how the current infrastructure could be developed to improve the nation's health and wellbeing. 2. The current situation in Wales When the Welsh Government's Action Plan for increasing participation in sport and physical activity was published by the One Wales Government in 2009, it said that it has been estimated that the cost of physical inactivity to Wales is about £650 million a year. This is due to the health risks posed by physical inactivity and the health benefits brought about through taking part in physical activity: "Regular physical activity has many benefits to health, including mental health and well- being. People who are physically active have up to a 50% reduced risk of developing the major chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers and a 20- 30% reduced risk of premature death."1 Sport Wales is responsible for developing and promoting sport and physical activity both on a grassroots participation and elite level in Wales on behalf of the Welsh Government. Sport Wales's vision is of "uniting a proud sporting nation". It aims to get "every child hooked on sport for life" and to develop "a nation of champions." Sport Wales collects data on sport participation. The two main surveys are the "school sport survey" and the "active adults survey." a) The School Sport Survey The school sports survey2 is carried out biannually. It canvasses the opinions of 110,000 schoolchildren from almost 1,000 schools in Wales. The most recent survey took place in 2013. The survey measures whether children participate in sport, how often they participate, where they participate and their attitudes towards sport. It looks at sport participation both inside and outside the school gates and children's attitudes towards PE lessons as well as extracurricular sport. 1 Welsh Assembly Government, Creating an Active Wales, December 2009 2 Sport Wales, School Sport Survey 2013, October 2013 3
The survey found that boys were more likely than girls to regularly participate in sport and that both boys' and girls' participation decreases with age but that this fall in participation is more marked in girls. Children from more economically deprived areas are also less likely than those from more advantaged areas to regularly participate in sport and disabled children participate less than able-bodied children. Sport Wales' definition of being "hooked on sport" is to participate three or more times a week. The survey shows the following headline figures for this measurement: 44 per cent of boys and 36 per cent of girls are hooked on sport. There is an 11 per cent gap between the least economically deprived schools and the most economically deprived schools in terms of pupils being hooked on sport. 10 per cent fewer pupils with a disability are hooked on sport than pupils without a disability. In terms of PE lessons in schools the survey found that the average weekly minutes allocated for PE is 101. This is lower than the two hours a week recommended by the Welsh Government. 53 per cent of boys and 50 per cent of girls agree that PE lessons and school sport help them have a healthy lifestyle. However, while 65 per cent of boys always feel comfortable in taking part in PE and school sport, only 48 per cent of girls do so. Primary school girls are also more likely than secondary school girls to feel comfortable taking part in school sport 'always' - this is true for 57 per cent of girls in years 3-6 but only 41 per cent of girls in years 7-11. As well as feeling less comfortable in taking part in PE lessons than boys and younger girls, older girls also participate less in extracurricular sport. When asked whether they took part in extracurricular sport in the last year, 78 per cent of primary school girls had done so but only 69 per cent of secondary school girls. 80 per cent of boys but only 74 per cent of girls reported taking part in sport at a club outside of school. In examining children and young people's attitudes and feelings towards extracurricular sports, the survey found that 52 per cent of boys and fewer than half the surveyed girls (41 per cent) feel safe when taking part in sport outside of school. It also found that more boys than girls reported having freedom from parents to decide what they do with their free time all the time (46 per cent of boys and 38 per cent of girls.) Children and young people were asked what motivates them to take part in sport and what would motivate them to do more sport. Boys and girls often reported the same reasons for taking part in sport. Of those who reported taking part in sport: 93 per cent of boys and 91 per cent of girls take part because it's fun. 44 per cent of boys and girls take part in sport with their friends. 41 per cent of boys and 42 per cent of girls enjoy the competition. Girls (66 per cent) were more likely than boys (57 per cent) to take part to keep fit. When asked what would motivate them to do more sport: More girls (20 per cent) than boys (11 per cent) said they would do more sport if they were better at sport. 4
More girls (41 per cent) than boys (25 per cent) said they would do more sport if their friends went with them. The survey also measures the types of activities that children and young people take part in. Some sports had very high participation rates from a particular gender: 43 per cent of girls took part in dance. 71 per cent of boys took part in football. 39 per cent of girls took part in netball. 50 per cent of boys took part in rugby. Others had a more equal gender balance: 28 per cent of boys and 25 per cent of girls took part in athletics. 32 per cent of boys and 29 per cent of girls took part in cycling. 28 per cent of boys and 29 per cent of girls took part in rounders/ baseball / softball. 45 per cent of boys and 51 per cent of girls took part in swimming. Sport Wales' findings regarding children and young people's participation in sport point towards what groups should be targeted to increase participation. Secondary school aged girls, disabled children and children from disadvantaged areas are less likely than younger girls, boys, able-bodied children and more advantaged children to participate in sport. The data on attitudes towards sport and motivation to take part is not broken down in terms of ethnicity, social class or disability. The data on boys' and girls' attitudes and motivations poses a challenge to male/female stereotypes with girls who participate being as likely as boys to say that they enjoy the competition. It also shows that girls feel less comfortable taking part in PE lessons as they get older. These issues will be discussed further later in this paper. b) Active Adults Survey The most recent active adults survey3 was conducted in 2012, and consisted of 13,145 interviews at randomly selected addresses across all Welsh Local Authorities. Participants were asked about regular participation in sport; any participation in the last four weeks; sports club membership and volunteering in sport, including coaching. Data are broken down for the following characteristics: age, gender, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, socio-economic group and Welsh speakers. The headline figures show: 39 per cent of the adult population are hooked on sport compared with 29 per cent in 2008/09. Males are more likely to be hooked on sport – 46 per cent in comparison with 32 per cent for females. 70 per cent of adults participated in sport or physical recreation in the 4 weeks prior to interview. 3 Sport Wales, Active Adults 2012 the State of the Nation, May 2014 5
40 per cent of the adult population (35 per cent male, 46 per cent female) do no frequent activity (they do not participate in sport for at least an average of once a week). 27 per cent of adults are members of a sports club – 34 per cent of males and 20 per cent of females. 10 per cent of adults volunteered in sport in the previous 12 months. 10 per cent of adults in Wales had undertaken coaching in the last 12 months. Differences in levels of participation were found for different age ranges and different social groups. Older people are less likely than younger people to be hooked on sport. 56 per cent of 18-25 year olds reported taking part in sport three or more times a week. This drops to 32 per cent of 55-64 year olds and 21 per cent of people aged 65 and over. The gender gap in adults who are hooked on sport narrows with age. The proportion of adults who are hooked on sport increases with the size of household income, from 29 per cent in the £5,200 to £10,399 range to 54 per cent of those with household incomes of £52,000 or more. This is also the case for participation in sport with 89 per cent of adults with an income of £52,000 or taking part in sport, compared with 54 per cent of those with an income of £5,200 - £10,399. There is little data available on the participation levels of different ethnic groups. According to Sport Wales this is due to the small sample size. The available data show that 39 per cent of the white population and 37 per cent of the Asian/Asian British population are hooked on sport. Adults who do not have a long-term illness or disability are more likely to take part in sport and to do so more often than those who do have a long-term illness or disability. 29 per cent of adults with a disability are hooked on sport compared with 45 per cent of adults with no disability. 79 per cent of adults with no health condition or disability took part in sport in the previous four weeks, compared with 57 per cent of adults with a disability or health condition. Gay, lesbian and bisexual people are more likely to participate in and to be hooked on sport than heterosexual people. 39 per cent of the heterosexual population are hooked on sport, compared with 49 per cent of the gay and lesbian population. 70 per cent of heterosexual adults take part in sport, compared with 80 per cent of gay and lesbian adults. Welsh speakers (46 per cent) are more likely than non-Welsh speakers (37 per cent) to be hooked on sport. They are also more likely to take part in sport with 79 per cent of adults who speak Welsh active in sport compared with 68 per cent of adults who don't speak Welsh. Welsh speakers are also more likely to volunteer with 11 per cent of Welsh speakers having volunteered in sport in the previous 12 months compared with 7 per cent of non-Welsh speakers. The proportion of adults who are members of sports clubs has increased to 27 per cent from 16 per cent in 2008/09. In general, membership decreases with age: 39 per cent of 15-24 year olds reported being members of sports clubs compared with 17 per cent of those aged 65 years and over. The percentage of club membership ranges from 16 per cent of adults with 6
incomes of £5,200 - £10,399 to 44 per cent of adults with a household income of £52,000 or more. The survey also looked at the most popular sports in terms of sports clubs membership. Those were found to be: exercise machines, weight training / weight lifting and swimming. For men the most popular sports are weight training / weight lifting (9%), football (9%) and exercise machines (7%). For women, the most popular sports are exercise machines (10%), swimming (9%) and fitness classes (9%). 10 per cent of the adults surveyed had volunteered in sport in the previous 12 months, an increase of 5 per cent from 2008/09. Almost half of sports volunteers volunteered on a weekly basis. 12 per cent of men and 9 per cent of women reported having volunteered in sport. 10 per cent of adults in Wales had undertaken coaching in the last 12 months in a voluntary capacity, as part of a job or for payment. 13 per cent of men and 6 per cent of women had undertaken coaching. Similarly to the data on children and young people, the data on adults' participation in sport show that women, adults on lower incomes and adults with disabilities participate less. Participation also generally decreases with age but this is less the case for women than for men. It is interesting to note that Welsh speakers are more likely than non-Welsh speakers to participate in sport, be hooked on sport and to volunteer in sport. It is also interesting that gay, lesbian and bisexual people are more likely to participate in sport. Reasons behind the different levels of participation for different groups of people are likely to be complex and may involve structural barriers such as cost, availability and accessibility as well as attitudes and motivation. These issues will be explored further. 3. Sport policy and initiatives a) Aims The Welsh Government set its "long-term strategic vision" for sport and physical activity in its 2005 Climbing Higher policy paper: "An active, healthy and inclusive Wales, where sport, physical activity and active recreation provide a common platform for participation, fun and achievement, which binds communities and the nation and where the outstanding environment of Wales is used sustainably to enhance confidence in ourselves."4 It further set out its "physical activity action plan" in Creating an Active Wales in 2009, for a Wales where: Everybody benefits from the feel good factor of being physically active. Physical activity opportunities are accessible to all. Being active is the norm. Activity is at the centre of the school ethos and physical literacy is as important as numeracy and language. All children play frequently outdoors in safe environments. The majority of children and adults regularly use leisure facilities and sports clubs. People use their local environment for active recreation. 4 Welsh Government, Climbing Higher, 2005 7
Active travel is the first choice for short distances for both children and adults. Individuals are never too old to be active. Creating an Active Wales set two high-level targets for increasing physical activity levels: "The focus of the targets will be to get everybody to do 'one day more'…The one day more target can only be achieved by increasing the activity levels of people who do little or no exercise as well as of those already doing 3 or 4 days a week." 5 The target for adults is to shift the average point of activity from 2.4 to 3.4 by 2020. The target for children is to shift the average point of activity for 11 to 16 year olds from 3.9 to 4.9 by 2020. The plan also sets out the Welsh Government's priorities for achieving its vision and aims. In order to make it easier and safer for people to be physically active, its priorities are: the accessibility and safety of the built environment; developing infrastructure to facilitate walking and cycling and improving access to green spaces. To support children and young people to live active lives, the Welsh Government prioritises: access to high quality play opportunities; opportunities for families to take part in physical activity together, particularly low income families; community schools; consulting with children and young people to ensure interventions meet their needs; developing physical literacy and increasing participation in physical activity by the least active; and increasing physical activity in post-16 educational settings. To "encourage more adults to be more active, more often, throughout life," the Welsh Government wants: an increase in green exercise such as walking, cycling, conservation and gardening; community-based targeted interventions that encourage behaviour change and remove barriers to participation; workplace approaches such as active travel; and opportunities for women, older people and disadvantaged people. To increase "participation in sport, by all sectors of the population," the Welsh Government wants to see: action to combat the reduction in participation in secondary school children and adults; stronger sporting infrastructure to enable clubs to attract and retain a wider range of members especially in areas where physical activity levels are low; clubs providing high quality coaching, developing the skills and activity levels of their members, supporting talent development and providing a range of competitive and non-competitive opportunities for participation; maximising of the legacy opportunities of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, Ryder Cup and other major events to increase participation in sport. The Welsh Government's approach emphasises the use of existing facilities such as schools and sports clubs rather than building new facilities. Use of the outdoors environment should be facilitated and both adults and children should be enabled to develop their sporting and physical literacy skills. There is an emphasis on participating in sport and physical activity for its own sake rather than for the purpose of competing. As will be further examined, resources for delivering sports and leisure facilities are likely to be cut rather than increased over the next few years. This approach, if well-delivered, should therefore be a more effective way of spending scarce resources than investing heavily in expensive facilities. The question is whether the necessary infrastructure is in place to deliver this action plan. 5 Creating an Active Wales 8
The Welsh Government set up a Task and Finish Group on Schools and Physical Activity chaired by Tanni Grey-Thompson. The Group published its report in June 2013. Its recommendation is for Physical Education to become a core subject in the National Curriculum. Its reasons for recommending this are: teachers would be required to be competent to deliver the subject on completion of their initial teacher training; well qualified, specialist teachers would be needed to work with schools to ensure high-quality provision; standards and provision in physical education would be rigorously reviewed in school; and progress would be regularly measured. This recommendation will be considered as part of the Welsh Government's forthcoming review of the National Curriculum. As demonstrated by the statistics from Sport Wales' school sports survey, many older girls drop out of extracurricular sport participation and many feel uncomfortable taking part in PE lessons. When asked about motivational factors, many said they would participate more if they were better at sport. All children and young people would benefit from improved physical literacy skills and learning these skills at an early age may improve children and young people's confidence to take part in sport as they get older. PE in schools certainly needs to be improved and it needs to be ensured that schools offer the two hours a week recommended by Sport Wales and the Welsh Government. Many children and young people only take part in sport through PE lessons and these lessons give them a lasting impression of sport and physical activity. Schools need to work with pupils on developing and delivering a range of sporting opportunities that appeal to them. Sport Wales also sets targets for both elite and grassroots sports. In its Elite Sport Strategy6 it states that its two measures of success are: Wales position, on a per capita basis on the medal table at the Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games. The number of Welsh athletes competing and winning medals for Great Britain at the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The following target was set for the Olympic Games: Welsh athletes to win a total of six Olympic medals across the 2012 and 2016, Games, with a stretch target of ten Olympic medals. This target has been surpassed with Welsh athletes winning seven Olympic medals in the 2012 games. It set the following targets for the Paralympic Games: Welsh athletes to win a total of thirty Paralympic medals across the 2012 and 2016 Games, with a stretch target of forty Paralympic medals. With Wales aspiring to be the leading contributor of GB Paralympic medals on a per capita basis. Welsh athletes won a total of fourteen medals at the 2012 Paralympics. Sport Wales has also set the following targets for participation on a grassroots level: 6 Sport Wales, Elite Sport Strategy 2010-2016 9
Children and young people of school age: 3 occasions per week, provided within extracurricular and wider community settings. Adults: 3 sport sessions per week. Volunteering: 10% of the Welsh population As seen from the data from the schools sport and active adults surveys, Sport Wales' target for volunteering has been met. To reach its targets for participation, 56 per cent more boys and 64 per cent more girls would need to take part in sport three times a week than currently do so. 54 per cent of men and 68 per cent of women would need to do so. The Welsh Government's target to raise the average level of participation seeks to increase the participation levels of those with sedentary lifestyles as well as those who already take part in sport. It may not be realistic to expect adults and children who lead sedentary lifestyles to immediately take part in physical activity three or more times a week. It therefore seems sensible to aim to ensure that as many adults and children as possible take part in sport at least once a week and then increase that level of participation. In terms of elite sporting success raising participation levels in grassroots sport, statistics six months after the 2012 Olympic Games did show increases in levels of participation for a number of sports in Wales including: 25 per cent increase in gymnastics. An increase in 32 per cent of hockey clubs. 39 per cent increase in swimming. 24 per cent increase in cycling. 33 per dent increase in boxing. 12 per cent increase in athletics. It remains to be seen whether the 2012 games will have a lasting effect on participation. Sport Wales set five key priorities for grassroots sports in its Community Sport Strategy 2012-20207: Thriving clubs. Local decisions. Quality education. Committed workforce. Appropriate facilities. Sport Wales' intentions for achieving thriving clubs include: supporting clubs to broaden their membership and sporting offer; encouraging clubs to amalgamate; encourage multiple teams ideally with adult and junior sections; sports coming together to develop multi-sport clubs; prioritise the recruitment, retention and support of volunteers; create an environment that welcomes a diverse membership; embrace technology as a means of recruiting and retaining membership; National Governing Bodies and Local Authorities jointly supporting club growth. It will measure its success through: increase in the number of multi-sport clubs; increase in the number of junior sections; increase in the number of recreational and informal leagues; 7 Sport Wales, Community Sport Strategy 2012-2020 10
increase in the number of participants from disadvantaged and hard to reach groups; leisure facilities increasing the number of local clubs that support and use their facilities. To improve local decision-making it set out: work to identify what the community needs basing decision-making on evidence and demand; more sports decentralising their structures; focus on the development of sport at a local level; seek the views of a diverse range of people to provide an offer capable of appealing to girls, women, people living in poverty and hard to reach groups. It will measure its success through: strong regional and area sport structures; local people, involved in decision making; local sport offer reflecting local demand. In terms of education it wants to see: children's skills developed through a multi-skills approach; headteachers valuing the importance of PE; promote the impact of sport on young people's development; pupils having a say in how sport is structured and delivered in schools; fun and enjoyable PE for all pupils; engagement with the Further and Higher Education sectors to boost sport's workforce; enable young, talented pupils to reach their full potential by signposting them to appropriate opportunities and avenues for further support; clear communication and promotion on links with local clubs and leisure centres. It will measure its success through: highly motivated and skilled children; two hours of high quality PE to every young person each week; a broad range of opportunities at school for young people to take part in three hours of school and/or community sport; physical literacy awarded the same status as literacy and numeracy; development of competencies to measure the quality of PE offered; more schools opening up their facilities after hours to allow for community use; increase in the number of school, Further Education and Higher Education links in the delivery of sport; every teacher trained to deliver high quality PE. In terms of a committed workforce it wants to: develop the skills of existing and potential sports leaders; reflect society within leadership with a positive drive to develop women, disabled and BME individuals in sport; coaches delivering child-centred opportunities; develop leadership opportunities within all sports clubs throughout Wales; support the development of sports administration at regional, local and club level; strengthen the sector's approach to succession planning and continuing professional development. Success will be measured through: doubling the number of coaches and volunteers; a skilled and passionate workforce; greater diversity on boards, committees and in leadership positions; all leisure centre staff accessing training to deliver sports development programmes; workforce plans to define what is required, where people are to be sought and how they are to be developed and deployed; a culture of performance management, where people are challenged and supported to raise their game. Securing appropriate facilities will be done through: driven by needs at regional and local levels; long term planning, covering indoor and outdoor facilities and considering sustainable transport solutions; Local Authorities and sports working together on facility use; dialogue between potential partners as new facilities are being considered; provision based on community need; question current use of school facilities; maximise opportunities for communities to take ownership of local sports facilities; Sport Wales to play a role as a central information point on new developments; help ensure that relevant organisations are aware of potential facility developments. 11
Success will be measured through: every leisure centre and school sport facility linking with local clubs to maximise use; programming that caters for the needs of hard to reach groups; genuine collaboration between Local Authority departments and relevant National Governing Bodies or area associations, private enterprises and key voluntary groups. Sport Wales' aims and priorities focus on community involvement in developing grassroots sport. In the context of potential future cuts to facilities and resources, there is an emphasis on collaboration between National Governing Bodies, Local Authorities and others to ensure that communities have the sporting opportunities and facilities they need. As will be further set out in this paper, if the Welsh Government and Sport Wales' visions, aims and priorities for sport participation are to be achieved, the necessary infrastructure needs to be in place to provide sport facilities and deliver sport interventions. Sport Wales also has a Child Poverty Strategy 2012-2015. It contains the following long- term outcomes: To see an increase in participation amongst children and young people living in poverty, contributing to our wider aspiration of all children and young people being hooked on sport for life. To see an increase in volunteering amongst adults in lower social grades, contributing to our target of getting 10% of the adult population in Wales volunteering in sport by 2016. For sport to be considered a key partner in the effort to tackle poverty in Wales, with poverty and participation targets being shared across partners. Sport could play a valuable role in tackling poverty both through developing young people's skills and through improving their health and wellbeing. Work needs to be done with disadvantaged children and young people to find out what would enable and motivate them to take part in sport and to deliver what they need. b) Sport interventions Many of the Welsh Government's sport policy interventions are targeted at young people. They include the free swimming scheme for children and young people aged 16 and under during all school holidays and at the weekend. This scheme is also available for older people aged 60 and over outside school holidays. The Welsh Government invests £3.5 million a year in the free swimming scheme. Sport Wales' 5x60 programme aims to increase the number of secondary age pupils taking part in sport or physical activity for 60 minutes, at least five times a week. It receives £4.9m in funding from the Welsh Government. The scheme aims to complement existing sport and physical education provision in schools. Pupils choose the activities themselves including: competitive sport; informal activities, such as dance and aerobics; coached activities; and outdoor activities. Sport Wales also runs a Young Ambassadors Scheme which "aims to empower and inspire young people to become role models and leaders through sport, by developing their confidence and skills in order to increase physical participation in others." Young Ambassadors are active in all 22 Welsh Local Authorities, and in 2013/14 there were nearly 2,500 Young Ambassadors. 12
There are also annual sporting competitions for young people and for disabled people. The Wheelchair Sports Spectacular is an annual two day event that attracts over 450 disabled participants of all ages to take part in around twenty sports. Gemau Cymru is a bilingual multi-sport event for young athletes in Wales run by the Urdd. Athletes are invited to compete in Gemau Cymru following a selection process advised by the national governing bodies. Activities include: athletics, canoeing, gymnastics, netball, rugby 7s, table tennis and triathlon. Another investment made by the Welsh Government is in coaching. This is one of Sport Wales' priority areas. The Welsh Government invests £1.4m each year for the development of coaching through 'More Coaches Better Coaches.' Sport Wales8 aims to have: 10% of the Welsh adult population actively involved in coaching and volunteering in sport. All coaches qualified to a level appropriate for his or her role. Every newly qualified coach deployed and active in delivering coaching sessions. All coaches in Wales valued with access to opportunities to develop their coaching skills. Sport Wales explains the link between coaching and grassroots sports as being sustaining participation in sport: "We want a culture whereby coaching and volunteering in sport is commonplace and therefore a system is needed whereby people are inspired, proactively encouraged and supported throughout their journey. At the core of this is the role of our local communities; this is where sport happens and local sports clubs and organisations have a pivotal role in recruiting, supporting and nurturing coaches." 9 It cites the examples of Sweden and Finland as an inspiration. It states: "Both countries report high levels of regular sports participation (72%) alongside the highest levels of coaching and volunteering in Europe, with 18% of their adult population actively involved in coaching and volunteering in sport." 10 Sport Wales aims to invest £5 million a year in coaching. £2.2 million on elite sports, 'a nation of champions' and £2.8 million is to be spent on grassroots sports, 'every child hooked on sport for life.' There is an emphasis on encouraging and increasing the participation of young people in the Welsh Government and Sport Wales' current sport interventions. There are also some interventions aimed at older people and disabled people. Targeted interventions for older people, people from ethnic minority communities and people from poorer socio-economic groups may also be beneficial, based on working with such groups to determine what the barriers are to participating in sports and what would encourage them to take part in sport or to increase their participation. Again, it needs to be ensured that the necessary infrastructure is in place to deliver these interventions. 4. Barriers to participation 8 Sport Wales, Coaching Strategy 2010-16 9 Ibid 10 Ibid 13
Barriers to participation in sport may be structural, such as lack of affordability and accessibility; social; cultural and behavioural. One important point is the need to survey adults and children with different protected characteristics and demographics about their attitudes towards sport and their reasons for taking part or not taking part in sport and physical activities. The National Assembly for Wales' Communities, Equality and Local Government Committee published a report on participation levels in sport in March 2014.11 When the Committee started its inquiry the Welsh Government had reported a 'worrying decline' in sport participation for all age groups. Also of concern were the cuts faced by local authorities over the next few years and the fact that non-statutory services such as sport and leisure servicers are in danger of being substantially cut. Two of the Committee's recommendations concern the lack of data on 'how deprivation, demographics, protected characteristics and cultural barriers impact on participation levels.' It recommends finding alternative ways to collect more data on the participation levels of ethnic minority communities and reviewing the methodology of Sport Wales' surveys. The lack of data on different groups of people makes it difficult to determine what the barriers to taking part in sport are. As noted above, detailed information is provided through the schools sport survey on girls' and boys' participation, their attitudes and motivation, but very little information is provided on the attitudes and motivation of other groups such as pupils from ethnic minorities; gay, lesbian and bisexual pupils; pupils with disabilities and disadvantaged pupils. This information would inform policy on how to overcome barriers to participation. Information on what motivates adults from different socio-demographic groups and on their attitudes towards sport would also be useful. Other recommendations concern increasing the participation levels of girls and ethnic minority communities in sport. These include: addressing the lack of PE teachers from ethnic minorities in Wales; the barriers to sport participation faced by people from ethnic minority communities and encouraging girls to participate in sport. There are recommendations to assess the impacts of reductions in Local Authorities' budgets on the affordability and accessibility of sport and leisure facilities and to look at opportunities to increase and improve access to leisure facilities. There are also recommendations to review the free swimming scheme to identify areas where take-up is low and to publish an action plan on increasing the number of children under the age of 11 who can swim. When giving evidence to the Committee about attitudes towards sport, Sport Wales said that three challenges need to be overcome: a lack of knowledge about what is available where; a lack of understanding or skills to participate in activities and access to appropriate equipment. It also highlighted the importance of schools in forming children's lifelong attitudes towards sport: 11 National Assembly for Wales, Communities, Equality and Local Government Committee, Participation Levels in Sport, March 2014 14
"The first experience of sport is absolutely crucial for planting the seeds for a lifelong participation and schools are absolutely central to this". 12 Sport Wales believes that children need to be provided with the necessary skills to participate in sport and that the delivery of sport in schools needs to be inclusive. This corresponds with the findings in the schools sport survey that, when asked what would motivate them to take part in sport, twenty per cent of girls said they would take part in more sport if they were better at sport. Older girls are also more likely to feel uncomfortable taking part in PE lessons. Disability Sport Wales gave evidence that a number of barriers remained for disabled participants including: costs; the location of facilities; the need to increase the capacity of mainstream clubs; perceptions around disability and sport; dependency on others for transport; media representation and coverage; marketing materials; accessibility and carer attitudes. Both Disability Sport Wales and the NUT expressed concerns that cuts to schools' budgets may make it difficult for schools to provide the same sporting opportunities for disabled and non-disabled pupils. When questioned about the participation of poorer socio-economic groups, Sport Wales said it was "'reasonable to assume' that the costs of club membership, facilities and equipment were contributing factors." Public Health Wales said there was a need to address the "general lack of awareness of local facilities and opportunities amongst those living in deprived communities." Stonewall Cymru gave evidence that: "research revealed that whilst many lesbian, gay and bisexual people are interested in sport (94% of those who responded), they have also been put off by negative experiences or the perception that it is an unpleasant and unsafe environment for gay people."13 Sport Wales also gave evidence about barriers to people from ethnic minority communities. These include: facilities at some leisure facilities were unsuitable for women of certain faiths; family responsibilities and childcare were a barrier for some women; and discrimination. It stated that developing more family-based activities may raise participation. Show Racism the Red Card Wales warned against simplifying and stereotyping different communities. It cited barriers to participation including: racism and discrimination; the lack of role models; the lack of safe play environments; and the failure of sports organisers to adapt their practices to the cultural and religious beliefs of communities and families. It stated that there is only one et PE teacher from an ethnic minority in Wales. Regarding cuts to local authorities' budgets, the Welsh Sports Association (WSA) stated that sport and leisure facilities are 'at risk of being further diminished simply because it is an easy target for cuts.'14 It suggested placing a statutory duty on local authorities to provide sport and leisure services. Sport Wales said there was a need for more collaboration between local authorities both at a regional and national level to deliver sport and leisure facilities. Evidence was given by the WSA, Public Health Wales, Sport Wales and the Welsh Local Government Association (WLGA) about increasing the provision of sports facilities. Again, 12 Ibid 13 Ibid 14 Ibid 15
Sport Wales emphasised the importance of collaboration, saying that it was encouraging National Governing Bodies to collaborate "across sports and with local authorities.' When asked about the use of schools' facilities after school hours, the National Union of Teachers (NUT) said that teachers should not be expected to staff facilities after school hours and that providing community access to school facilities should be the responsibility of Local Authorities. The WLGA said that local authorities had service level agreements with schools with on-site sport and leisure facilities. The Committee also received evidence about the Welsh Government's free swimming scheme. Take-up by over 60s has continued to increase but take-up by under-16s has fallen. The number of free public swims by those aged under 16 had decreased from 807,837 in 2004-5 to 421,076 in 2012-13. Sport Wales also said that while the National Curriculum expects all children to be able to swim by the age of 11, this expectation was not being met. Due to the complex nature of barriers and motivations for sport participation, policy interventions must not be based on assumptions and different interventions may work for different groups of people. As recommended in the Committee's report, further data are needed on the barriers and motivations for participation for different groups. This includes examining the effectiveness of the Welsh Government and Sport Wales' current interventions such as the free swimming scheme. As will be further examined, there may be good reasons to invest in individual sports as, as the cliché about riding a bike exemplifies, these skills stay with people and participation in these activities may be more sustained than for some team sports as they rely less on maintaining links with clubs during life's transitions. However, sports clubs are also valuable and as resources become scarcer, better links need to be fostered between sports clubs, National Governing Bodies, Local Authorities and schools to ensure that the infrastructure is in place to increase participation in grassroots sports and physical activity. 4. Reasons for participating in sport The Irish Sport Council published extensive research on taking up and dropping out of sport in Ireland in September 2013.15 Many of the findings could be relevant to Wales. The main findings included: that the greatest challenge for sports policy is not getting children involved but maintaining the involvement of teenagers and young adults; better links are needed between schools and sports clubs; limited public funding should not be spent on facilities but on participation programmes. The researchers found that physically active children do not necessarily become active adults. Transitions in life have an impact on sport participation, for example, the move from primary to secondary school, school examinations; going to university; entering the labour market; moving home and starting a family. They found that more than 90 per cent of adults believe that exercise is good for their health. This is true of adults from lower as well as higher socio-economic groups. However, adults from lower socio-economic groups were found to perceive themselves to have less control over their own participation. 15 The Irish Sports Council, Keeping them in the Game: Taking up and dropping out of sport and exercise in Ireland, September 2013 16
They found that of activities taken up during childhood, the two main activities that are still undertaken in adulthood are swimming and cycling. Swimming accounts for 40 per cent of the activity undertaken by those aged over 40 years that was initially taken up in primary schools. For this reason, they advocate further investment in these activities. They find that activities that rely more on sport club membership incur a higher drop-off rate than individual activities. They state: "Dropping out from all sport and exercise activity is much more likely if a person participates in only team sport. The rate of drop-out from team sports played at school and college is severe. Our estimates are that among participants aged 16 and over, more than 75 per cent of basketball players, 53 per cent of hurlers and 52 per cent of Gaelic football players will have dropped out of the sport within 3-4 years. The estimate for soccer is lower, at 23 per cent, while for the most popular individual activities the rate of drop-out is lower again."16 Examining the reasons behind dropping-out of sport, they find that work commitments are the most common reason given. Leaving school or college is cited as a reason for dropping out of team sports by more than one-third of drop-outs. Lack of time and life transitions may explain why individual activities incur less of a drop-out rate as they can be done when people have the time and do not rely on maintaining links with sports clubs. Looking at influences in sport take-up, the researchers found that almost 70 per cent of children who take up sport are introduced to the activity by teachers or parents. 74 per cent of adults who take part in sport were introduced to the activity by a friend, colleague or family member. The majority of adults who take up a new sport do so at a sports club or organisation. They also found that dropping-out of sport on leaving school has more of an impact on those from lower rather than higher socio-economic groups. More disadvantaged people are less likely to participate in sports clubs outside of school. This links to the fact that very few people take up a new sport or activity on their own initiative but rely on social contacts: "People who went on to third-level education or who work in professions are more likely to have friends and colleagues who are participants, leading to more opportunities to take up new activities on an ongoing basis as they progress through adulthood."17 Regarding facilities, they find that "policies that rest on the idea that more and better facilities will result in higher participation rates are, straightforwardly, not informed by evidence but by other considerations."18 Rather than facilities, the Irish Sports Council recommends focusing investment on programmes to increase participation. These include: ensuring that students leaving schools have the necessary social contacts, encouragement and opportunity to continue participation outside school; participation programmes need to fit opportunities to participate around busy lives; and there is a need to establish social contact with non-participants and lower socio-economic groups. Local Sports Partnerships are considered the most appropriate vehicles for designing, piloting and evaluating these interventions. The main lesson for Wales to learn from this research is that a similar large-scale and comprehensive statistical analysis on the reasons for participating and dropping-out of sport 16 Ibid 17 Ibid 18 Ibid 17
would be hugely beneficial for Wales. While it would not be appropriate to simply transplant Ireland's findings and applying them to Wales, the research highlights the complexity of barriers to and motivations for participating in sports. The fact that most people do not take-up sport from their own initiative but do so due to social contacts is interesting and ways of facilitating such contacts for people from all social groups warrant further investigation. Ireland's Local Sports Partnerships provide the infrastructure to develop, monitor and deliver interventions to increase participation and reduce drop-outs in Ireland. Wales does not currently have an equivalent body. The importance of infrastructure will be further examined in the next section. a) Sport Infrastructure It is crucial that for sport interventions to work, the infrastructure is there to support them. One difference between Wales and Ireland and hence, reason that participation and drop-out in Wales may be different is Ireland's Local Sports Partnerships (LSP) approach. The partnerships are responsible for promoting participation in sport at a local level. The first LSPs were set up in 2004 and they are now operational throughout Ireland. The key aims of the LSP are to increase participation in sport, and to ensure that local resources are used to best effect. They are responsible for: Club development. Volunteer training. Enhanced planning of sport at local level. Local directories of sports bodies and facilities. School, club, community and National Governing Body links. Increased levels of local participation, especially amongst specific target groups such as older people, girls and women, people with disabilities, unemployed people, and those who live in identified disadvantaged communities. The partnerships are also involved in creating and implementing plans for long term local sports development. They provide information, initiate research and identify needs and resources to form the basis of local planning. They provide opportunities for education and training at a local level, providing training courses targeting volunteers. They also implement sport strategies, increasing the impact of national programmes delivered locally and market and promote sport. The LSP are meant to involve all statutory bodies, organisations and groups operating in local areas with a responsibility for or interest in sports development. Structurally they are a substructure of local authorities. The Board of the LSP is made up of representatives of agencies regarded as key influencers in local sports development. LSPs receive: Core funding - towards the cost of employing LSP staff, developing the partnerships and local initiatives. Programme funding - towards specific, high priority, targeted initiatives identified and promoted by the LSP. It is likely that budgets for sport and leisure in Welsh Local Authorities will be cut rather than increased over the next few years on a national and local level. It may therefore be wise to invest in infrastructure in terms of grassroots clubs on a community level and regional 18
bodies to determine and deliver what is needed at community and regional levels and therefore make the best use of scarce resources. This would also facilitate community involvement in decision-making. Regional bodies could also provide the links between National Governing Bodies, Local Authorities, sports clubs and schools that could enable the effective use of facilities by communities. In turn, these improved links may better enable the identification and development of talented sportspeople who could become the elite athletes of the future. Sweden provides an example of how investing in infrastructure through grassroots sports clubs can contribute to developing an active nation. Grassroots sports clubs are key to Sweden's approach to sport. With a population of 9.4 million, 3.4 million Swedes aged 7-70 are members of sports clubs; 2.4 million Swedes compete regularly; more than two of every three boys and one of every two girls between 7 and 15 belong to a sports club. There are 20,000 sports clubs in towns and villages throughout Sweden and 12,000 of those organise sports for children and young people. The average club has: 271 members of which 186 are active, 17 voluntary leaders, 0 employees, 16,000 Euros turnover with 20% of revenue coming from grants, 40% of members are women.19 There are many specific circumstances behind Sweden's grassroots sports movement. The right to participate in clubs and society is guaranteed by the Swedish constitution. This gives everyone the right to found a club or society. The Swedish countryside is open to everybody under the Right of Common Access. Other factors include: a long tradition of involvement of Local Authorities; strong political support, generous grants and investment capital for sports facilities; extensive voluntary contributions; elite and grassroots sports are under the same umbrella; national sport secondary schools provide opportunities to combine sport and education; long-term policies and major sports programmes for children and young people; investment in leadership training; and extensive sport research. There is a political expectation that Local Authorities provide sports facilities for school children, club members and other local inhabitants. Following cuts to Local Authorities' budgets, many clubs have reached agreements with Local Authorities to take over the management of sports premises. Half the country's premises are now owned or run by sports clubs. Under the Nordic model sport is organised as an independent voluntary movement with financial support from the state and Local Authorities. Local clubs are the foundation for organised sport. A club is owned by its members who determine, at an annual general meeting , what the club is to do and how it is to allocate its financial resources. Sport clubs provide opportunities for democratic participation. In Sweden there are district sport federations at a regional level and particular sports also have district federations. The Swedish Sports Confederation is the national unifying organisation. The examples provided by Ireland and Sweden show that through having the right structures in place, sport interventions and facilities can be delivered at community and regional level. As resources are scarce, rather than investing in expensive facilities, it may be possible to improve links between National Governing Bodies, Local Authorities, sports clubs and schools to make better use of existing facilities. Regional bodies may be the most effective way of delivering this. 19 The Swedish Sports Confederation, Sport in Sweden, February 2012 19
A wellbeing infrastructure could be built and a right to wellbeing through access to facilities such as cycle routes, leisure facilities, green spaces, school facilities and sport clubs. Not all facilities can be accessed at community level and it may be possible to enable people to use facilities across local authorities. Regional bodies could also measure participation and consult with communities and different social groups on what sport and physical activities they want to take part in and how. Individuals could be enabled to create online wellbeing profiles to measure their own participation and set their own targets. Such a structure may also facilitate the social contact needed for individuals to continue to take part in sport and physical activity through life's transitions through providing training for coaches and mentors and avenues for volunteering. b) Role models It is often taken as a given that seeing others' sporting success will inspire people to participate in sport themselves. Sportspeople are often cited as role models to inspire greater participation in sport and major events such as the London 2012 Olympics are seen as having the potential to incur the legacy of increasing grassroots participation in sport. However, is there any evidence that sportspeople inspire others to participate in sport and that major sporting events increase participation. If so, does this have a temporary or lasting effect? Following the London 2012 Olympics participation levels have increased for certain sports in Wales including gymnastics, athletics, cycling and swimming. However, it is impossible to say only two years after the event whether this will have a lasting effect. Sport Scotland has carried out research on Sporting Success, Role Models and Participation20. In response to the question: Do sporting success or sporting role models promote sports participation? It found that "No impacts have been robustly demonstrated." The report refers to the 'halo effect' of major sporting events but the lack of evidence that they have a long-lasting effect. This is due to lack of data rather than research having found no link between elite sporting success and grassroots sport participation. Referring to the Manchester Commonwealth Games in 2002, it states: "Sporting success in specific sports or from hosting a major event may lead to a halo effect in the short term and a burst of interest in participation. Evidence from the Manchester 2002 Commonwealth Games found no evidence of an impact on participation, and evidence more generally suggests that any benefits will only accrue from a more integrated and better planned sports development strategy."21 However, this does not mean that elite sporting success has no impact on grassroots and individual participation. What the review found was that simply exposing people to sporting role models is not enough in itself to promote sustained participation in sport. It states: "In programmes using sporting role models, the role models should not simply be 'parachuted in': there should be interaction between the model and the potential participant; repeated 20 Sport Scotland, Sporting Success, Role Models and Participation: a policy related review, January 2009 21 Ibid 20
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text: [GPC] Columbus_Columbonius Players 174 posts 15,357 battles Report post #1 Posted January 12, 2018 Hi, as we reached close to 30 in number, and soon will have 40 seats available altogether, we welcome any good players, willing to become co-commanders of our clan, and to exploit this good pack. So, if you have any good/cool ideas about developing a clan, and want to put them in place, using this ready made crowd of pretty good players... than feel free to apply for this position and blitz promotion and join. If it's the case that you are part of some other clan already or even a commander amd would consider some kind of merge... that's even cooler. So All, feel free to take it up into your minds. To know a bit more about our clan you can look up int oour previous threads on this forum: Share this post Link to post Share on other sites

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The New England Patriots released a statement Monday night in response to reports that a member of the team's production crew was caught filming the Cincinnati Bengals coaching staff during Sunday's game against the Cleveland Browns.
According to the statement, the Patriots acknowledge that they failed to "inform the Bengals and the league" that they were sending a film crew there to shoot a feature on a team's scout. The Patriots also admit that the videographer "inappropriately filmed the field from the press box," which is an NFL no no.
Here is the statement in full…
"For the past year, the New England Patriots content team has produced a series of behind-the scenes features on various departments within the organization. The seven previous "Do Your Job" episodes are archived on patriots.com. On Sunday, Dec. 8, the content team sent a three-person video crew to the Bengals-Browns game at FirstEnergy Stadium in order to capture one part of a longer feature on the Patriots scouting department, in this case a Patriots pro personnel scout while he was working in the press box.
While we sought and were granted credentialed access from the Cleveland Browns for the video crew, our failure to inform the Bengals and the League was an unintended oversight. In addition to filming the scout, the production crew – without specific knowledge of League rules – inappropriately filmed the field from the press box. The sole purpose of the filming was to provide an illustration of an advance scout at work on the road. There was no intention of using the footage for any other purpose. We understand and acknowledge that our video crew, which included independent contractors who shot the video, unknowingly violated a league policy by filming the field and sideline from the press box. When questioned, the crew immediately turned over all footage to the league and cooperated fully.
The production crew is independent of our football operation. While aware that one of the scouts was being profiled for a "Do Your Job" episode, our football staff had no other involvement whatsoever in the planning, filming or creative decisions made during the production of these features.
We accept full responsibility for the actions of our production crew at the Browns-Bengals game."


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8th Grade Volleyball
September 23, Burnside, Iowa-The 8th grade volleyball team fell short against the Knights of Carroll Kuemper. The 8th grade record was 0 - 7 Scores were 17-21,7-21, 8-21, 4-21, 3-21, 13-21,14-21.
September 26, Pocahontas, Iowa-The Jaguars traveled to compete against the Indians of Pocahontas. The Jaguars fell short after exchanging leads multiple times. The 8th grade record for the evening was 1-5. Scores were 15-21, 17-21, 21-18, 15-2,17-21, 19-21.
7th and 8th grade travel to Ogden on Tuesday, October 1st to play a 4 p.m. match.


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April 16, 2017
Christinia Crippes, Waterloo Cedar Falls Courier
The proposed $1.7 million cut to victim services represents a tiny fraction of the overall state budget and a sliver of budget reductions so far this year.
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We say their names
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ASUS A8N32 SLI Deluxe - nForce 4 SLI X16 Unleashed
SLI Performance: Splinter Cell Chaos Theory
We chose the Shader Model 3 code path for our Splinter Cell Chaos Theory high-quality SLI testing but turned off all HDR features, so our GeForce 6800 GT pair had an easier time with this demanding game engine.
Splinter Cell Chaos Theory is a case where the game engine is so GPU shader-processing bound that we don't see any real advantage for the A8N32 SLI Deluxe and the nForce 4 SLI X16 chipset over legacy nForce4 SLI-based boards. However, let's not forget the scenario Nick Stam from NVIDIA described with SLI-AA enabled. We'll have a look at that shortly, but let's get a baseline on that topic first with some standard FarCry testing.


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Paper Wings
Frilled Romper - Flight of Fancy
Frilled singlet style romper with elasticised waist and shoulder ties.
Flight of Fancy repeat print is produced in our design studio from our original hand painted artwork in combination with vintage inspiration.ξ
Fabric, printing and garment made fairly in our own production workshop in Vietnam.
Model wears size 6.


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Contact Brent
Contact Information
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Contact Brent Scheffler
AmeriSave Mortgage Corporation, NMLS ID #1168, (https://www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org); Corporate Office: 3525 Piedmont Rd NE, 8 Piedmont Center, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30305. Additional licensing information may be found at www.amerisave.com/licensing. For questions regarding state licensing, please contact (866) 970-7283. Not all products and options are available in all states. Terms are subject to change without notice.
About Brent Scheffler
Brent Scheffler is a Loan Originator at AmeriSave Mortgage Corporation. Brent joined AmeriSave in 2019. Brent is licensed in 10 states: AK - AK1097344; AZ - 1008594; CA - CA-DBO1097344; IN - 44934; MA - MLO1097344; MD - 1097344; MI - 1097344; NJ - 1097344; OR - 1097344; RI - 1097344. To contact Brent, please call 404-563-7272, or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
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A protest by over 200 lawyers in front of Lahore's Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) became excessively violent on Wednesday.
The protesters stormed the gates of PIC, vandalising property and damaging dozens of vehicles of visitors and setting ablaze a police van. The incident lead to several patients in ambulances unable to reach the hospital in time while those at the hospital were left unattended amidst the chaos. Some also lost their lives in the chaos.
The protesters claimed that the legal fraternity was provoked by several video clips doing the rounds on social media. They showed some doctors making fun of the lawyers after some hospital staff had thrashed a group of lawyers over a dispute at the PIC.
Two FIRs have been registered against more than 250 lawyers with people taking to social media to condemn the mob mentality that wrecked havoc at the hospital.
Pakistani celebrities also raised their voice against the violence:
Mehwish Hayat could not contain her disappointment
Bilal Ashraf wants them to be held accountable
Mahira Khan made an excellent point
Shaan Shahid called out the behaviour as opposite of that of a lawyer
Ali Rehman Khan refused to acknowledge them with their profession
Hadiqa Kiani wants justice


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Bettye Collyer Clark, 85, born Bettye Jean Bowling, went home to be with the Lord October 1, 2019.
Bettye worked for Coca Cola Bottling Company Thomas for many years and was the very first person you would see when you exited the elevators on the 16th floor in the American National Bank Building.
In 1975 Bettye went to work at City Hall and became well-known as an Executive Assistant to some of the City of Chattanooga's notable officials. She was a fixture in city hall where she worked for Paul Clark while he was the Commissioner of Public Works.
She retired from the City of Chattanooga after several years of working for Judge Walter Williams, someone she loved to call her friend. She was proud of her service to the community and many people accused her of being the real person in charge of Public Works when she worked for Paul. She thought that was amusing and Paul did not seem to mind either.
She was a 1952 graduate of Central High School and a member of Mile Straight Baptist Church, Soddy Daisy.
Bettye was preceded in death by her first husband, Jack Collyer; her second husband, Paul Clark; mother, Ester Bowling Keller; father , Gene Bowling; and her brother, David Bowling
She loved life and laughing with friends and family and was a beloved mother.
She is survived by her beloved son, Dan (Cathy) Collyer; beloved daughter Dianna (Bob) Goldberg; grandchildren, Alyssa Collyer, Carolyn (Matt) Horton, Tristan Goldberg, Daniel(Alessandra)Goldberg, great grandchild, Claire Goldberg; cousins(who were like brothers) Bob (Wanda) Bowling, Bill (Kay) Bowling; sister-in-law, Linda Shippey; several nieces and nephews.
Services will be held Monday, October 7th at 12:30 pm in the funeral home chapel with Rev. Al Goss officiating. Burial will follow at the Chattanooga National Cemetery.
Memorial contributions may be made to the Wounded Warrior Project, P.O. Box 758516, Topeka, Kansas 66675; a charity that Bettye deeply loved and supported.
Visit www.heritagechattanooga.com to share condolences to the family and view Betty's memorial tribute.
The family will receive friends Sunday from 2-5 pm and Monday from 11 am until the hour of the service at Heritage Funeral Home, 7454 E. Brainerd Road.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Bettye Jean Clark, please visit our floral store.


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The Instrument Flight Manual
by William K. Kershner
Our Price: $26.95
Publication Info: 377 pages
Iowa State University Press; ISBN: 0813808383; Dimensions (in inches): 8.5x11
Description: This manual is aimed at the pilot interested in obtaining an instrument rating and the already rated pilot wanting to do refresher work. Softcover.
Click here to go back a page...


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Factors to Check When Hiring a Basement Waterproofing Contractor
The advantage that is associated with waterproofing a basement is that it ensures that the structure of the home remains strong. One needs to understand that hiring basement waterproofing services is relevant whether there is a leakage or not. It is vital for an individual to hire an expert to conduct the basement waterproofing. A truth about getting a reliable basement waterproofing contractor is that it is a daunting task. This is attributed by the fact that there are plenty of experts to pick from in the market. An important procedure that should be considered by an individual is researching. There are guides that one needs to check for them to be certain of hiring the most suitable basement waterproofing contractor. To know of the guidelines, then it is vital for an individual to read the information below.
Before settling for a basement waterproofing contractor, then the first thing that an individual should check is if he or she is insured. It is certain that unforeseeable circumstances that lead to damage might happen when any job is underway. It is true most of the accidents lead to losses that will need money to fix them. one will have to pay for the expenses if the contractor is not insured. Given that these are unplanned for expenses, the budget will be negatively affected. To avoid such a scenario, then one has to first make sure that the basement waterproofing contractor has an insurance cover. An individual will not have to worry about spending a dime as it will be dully compensated by the concerned company. Once an individual is certain that the contractor is insured, they also have to ensure that he or she is certified. It is the mandate of an individual to, therefore, consider visiting the webpage of the authorities. This assures one that the contractor they choose is prone to give them reliable services that they deserve.
The second point of relevance that one needs to put into consideration is if the basement waterproofing contractor offers a warranty for the services that he or she gives. A fact about basement waterproofing contractors that warranty their work is that they offer reliable services to the customers. An individual will need not spend more money after a while if the basement will have an issue that needs to be sorted out. There is hence a need for one to consider hiring a basement waterproofing contractor that is within their area. In case one needs emergency services, then it is much easier to get the services of a contractor.
3 Tips from Someone With Experience


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DIY tripod mounts for mobile phones, Gopro or just about anything...
Like most people, I have various devices to take pictures with and often wish I could mount them to a tripod…well here is a cheap, flexible top tip to whip up a mount for a few pounds. You will need: 1 x tripod screw adaptor (£2) 1 x 1/4″-20 Tripod Mount Screw to […]Read more
New Perspectives, Street Photography & a GoPro Hero 3
As a professional photographer everyone asks what camera, lens and setting I use when they see a great shot…. this educational site Lightism.co.uk which is mainly for non-photographers and camera phone users is about teaching people that it's all about the eye behind the camera and not fancy equipment. With this in mind I jumped […]Read more
Adding a little magic to your photos
As a professional photographer I can tell you that most images you see these days have been touched up, air brushed or generally played with…this is called post production and now it's your turn to have a go. Regardless of camera, phone or device, there is some great and usually free software to take your […]Read more
Worlds first ring light for Iphone, phones & compact cameras
As a professional photographer I'm a self confessed lighting freak…my favourite light is called a ring light which give a wonderful shadow less glow. I've got one I imported for the studio and another one for my DSLR camera and for less than £10 I've just built one for my phone….let me show you how. […]Read more
Use your Ipad as a photographic backdrop
If you need to shoot still life pictures or just products to sell on Ebay, here's a simple way to make you photos really stand out and the possibilities are endless. These wedding rings were shot for www.Photoality.co.ukour wedding photography business using an Ipad with my web site background on the screen, the wedding rings […]Read more
Manfrotto KLYP & ML240 first look
The Manfrotto ML240 and KLYP arrived last night and doesn't disappoint…its compact (pocketable), well made, bright and feels very well considered and well made. Let's be clear, a small LED light won't ever over power the sun, but it's a fabulous fill light with oodles of creative possibilities and will really extend your photography. This particularly […]Read more
Using LED video light for Iphone & smart phone photography
Continuous LED lights which fits in your pocket and cost less than £40 can make a huge difference to your photography, especially with an iPhone, iPad, Smart phone or compact camera. It's better than flash for three reasons: You can actually see the results before you take the picture, you can move it independently of […]Read more
Who will be first - HTC or Apple?
It is only a matter of time until a smart phone manufacturer release camera module bring us all the benefits of a photographic len…the big question is who will be first to market? With the recent release of the IPhone 5, it looks like HTC may have upped their game: Lihet Calin, a designer […]Read more
Hot new trend: LED Lighting & Iphone...
You know I've been banging on about LED lights and smart phones. Well, I recently ordered a Manfrotto ML240 pocket LED light to test for you as I think it will make a great light for your iPhone or smart phone and believe me LED lighting and smart phones will be big even if no […]Read more
Camera Phone & Tinfoil?
Regardless of your camera, iphone or smart phone, photography is all about lighting. Myself and professional all over the globe use old school reflectors […or tinfoil..bear with me here] to add extra light and fill harsh shadows. So, here's a great video showing American Professional Photographer, Michael Sasser using only a reflector on a shoot: […]Read more


text: Dearest Capricorn person, I am so delighted to be the bearer of great news. As 2019 ends, you have some of the most amazing and potential-packed stars you can possible think of. The lucky planet Jupiter is back in your sign for the first time in over a decade and there's a New Moon eclipse. Life really can improve in 2020.


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- Five healthcare workers in Gauteng have died of Covid-19.
- External and internal counselling services are being offered.
- Staff who have to self-isolate are provided with support.
As pressure mounts on Gauteng hospitals to cope with the current surge in Covid-19 cases, hospitals in both the public and private sector are offering counselling and other psychosocial support to healthcare workers.
The health department is using an external service provider to offer therapy to healthcare workers in need.
Private hospital groups Netcare, Mediclinic and Life Healthcare are also offering various forms of counselling to healthcare workers and, in some cases, finding ways to ease the workload of, particularly, nursing staff.
READ | Covid-19: Gauteng's hospitals feeling the strain - but not yet full
At a ceremony recognising Gauteng healthcare workers on Tuesday, Gauteng health MEC Bandile Masuku said the province had lost five healthcare workers to Covid-19.
On Thursday, the Gauteng health department will launch a "chaplaincy" programme, in conjunction with various faith-based organisations, to provide support to healthcare workers, said Kwara Kekana, Masuku's spokesperson.
"The department has a service provider that renders psychological counselling and therapeutic interventions to the health workers and their families," Kekana told News24.
"This is done face-to-face and remotely or even through home visits where possible. The service provider is Careway and this is a transversal GPG (Gauteng provincial government) wide service."
She said the department also has "employee assistant services" in all its facilities to look after the mental and emotional health of employees.
"This renders services in-house for managing the psychosocial stressors in the workplace."
Individual and group sessions
Meanwhile, at Mediclinic, individual and group support sessions have been offered to staff.
Dr Stefan Smuts, chief clinical officer of Mediclinic Southern Africa, said the group has also taken steps to help nurses, in particular, cope with their workloads.
"Operational priorities of nursing staff, particularly, have been relooked, with tasks removed that are not core to clinical care delivery. Staffing structures and quotas have also been reviewed to ensure safe staffing," he said.
Smuts said the group had also launched a wellness website, with resources for staff, and said that staff who are sent home for self-isolation are monitored daily by managers.
READ | Meet those who have struggled with Covid-19 symptoms for more than 100 days
The group also has a volunteer programme in place, which pulls in clinical and non-volunteers to assist in their communities.
"The tasks being performed are diverse, however all ultimately focused on supporting clinical frontline care delivery. We have had an overwhelming response across the country and retired nurses and other community members have arrived for training and orientation to ensure that they are available as and when the hospitals require their assistance," he said.
In-house counselling
Jacques du Plessis, managing director of Netcare's hospital division, said the group's employees have access to a 24/7 free telephonic counselling service from a third-party employee wellness service provider.
Most Netcare hospitals have in-house counselling services as well, he said.
Staff members who need to self-isolate, and those who have tested positive for Covid-19, are being paid in full while absent from work, said Du Plessis.
"Netcare is providing accommodation for staff members, who are unable to self-isolate safely at home, at the company's cost. It is also important to note that any person required to self-isolate because of exposure at work is being granted 'special leave' and the time required to be away will not impact on any other current leave entitlement.
"Staff members in self-isolation are regularly contacted by management team members to monitor their physical and mental well-being."
Netcare has also provided all staff members with the flu vaccine, at the company's cost, to protect them against this seasonal health risk, he said.
Life Healthcare has an employee wellness programme, offering unlimited complimentary and confidential counselling services to employees, including doctors, as well as their immediate family members, said the group's general manager for emergency medicine, Dr Charl van Loggerenberg.
This includes emotional support, assistance with financial planning, legal advice and other services, specifically to assist the employees, he said.
Line managers are also in regular contact with staff in quarantine or self-isolation, to monitor their well-being, said Van Loggerenberg.
"Additionally, for those employees who are unable to safely quarantine or isolate at home, the company has made arrangements with a number of B&Bs (or similar) to ensure they can safely and comfortably see out the required isolation period. Meals are also provided for.
"In May 2020, we offered the flu vaccination to all our employees as an additional measure to protect them from the upcoming influenza season," he said.


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We will be holding Christmas Carol Services at our church building on Sunday 22nd December at 11.00am and 6.30pm.
You would be very welcome to join us at any of these services as we celebrate the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Light refreshments will be served after the services.


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