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there will be reasonable gain to vend it here and far better in other countries.
Oatmeal and oatmeal groats may be made there in great quantity and brought hither, from which will arise much profit to the undertakers and do much good to the city of London and other parts of England.
I have a lease from Tyrone for certain woods, which if he had thought I would have enterprized as I have, he would never have granted unto me. This business being well employed great profit and commodity will arise. The like profit is to be made by joists and other sorts of timber which the Scots buy for building and other uses. So that with flyboats of good burthen, requiring small charge, we may furnish Scotland and other parts upon the sea coasts in England, and as I remember good ware in Spain. The like are slapboards, wainscott, and longboards for other uses.
Oaken planks are very saleable in all places which with devices of mills as Dutchmen have them will not be chargeable. Fair ash and oaken hoops will yield great profit in England.
Yarn would be very beneficial if it might stand with the King's pleasure to recall the license. To the end artificers may be set on work to make linen cloth, and other kinds of stuffs. It would be beneficial to the commonwealth as likewise to this new plantation.
Tan houses to be set up in these cities, and at the Newrye, for all the green hides which are brought and laden from Tredarth by Frenchmen of St. Mallowes and other parts.
The profit that may be made in building ships will be a great increase of strength unto the King's navy, and very beneficial to the undertakers.
The profit of merchandize brought from London to furnish not only the northern part but also Diblin [Dublin], and Tredarth, which are now furnished by Dutchmen, who of late are entered into the trade, and bring all kind of commodities, as silks, velvets, holland, cambric, lawn, all kind of grocery, to the great decaying of all the merchants in Dublin, who were yearly accustomed to employ great sums of money in London, which now, by reason of the Dutchman's trade thither, will in short time decay, who by reason of their small charge in shipping are able to afford their wares cheaper than those who bring it from London.
The city on the other side will lose the sale of a great quantity of wares which the merchants of Dublin were accustomed to buy of them.
There was long since at Port Rusha a fishing used by the Burtons (? Bretons) in France who came every season thither for dogfish and rays, which being well handled are a very great commodity in Spain, especially in the Condado, for there [they] are sold by weight and bought by them of Castellia
la Vieza, Cordana, Salamanca, &c., who ordinarily every week load 3 or 400 machoes and moyles. The rays in the river of Nantes likewise sell well, for they are carried up the river of Loyer, and serve many good towns upon that river, and the country next adjoining.
It is requisite that they have a fort and storehouses at Kalbegg, which must be always furnished with a store of salt and casks for the herring and cod fishing. From the Derrie and Skerries, Portrushe is but a cut over into the Isles of Scotland where there are great fishings, and yield great store of other commodities as cattle, hides, wool, &c. Since my coming to London I had conference with one Benedict Webb, a clothier, who was employed by your Lordship in France, concerning clothing, who has very good skill in making oils; he assured me there was 10l. to be made of one acres sowing (all charges being deducted). He desired me to be an humble suitor to you for license of it for us both, that none should make it in the north of Ireland but by our IIleanS, Some part of the country as I judge may prove good for hops by reason of the warmness between the woods and the poles near it. If they prove well it would be a great commodity. For the present time 200 houses built ready to the tenants hands in each city, 100 may yield yearly 5l. a house, in regard they pay no income, and to have their part of a reasonable portion of land for common besides such privileges as shall be thought fit. These 100 houses in each city will serve, for tenants will come who will build at their own charge, if the undertakers think fit so to conclude with them. " For the lands abroad:—I think fit there should be at the undertakers charge 12 castles or bawnes, according to the situation of the places which may be made more defensible than the castles. This being done substantially to the tenants hands, I think they will not grudge to pay 12d. an acre. What acres there will be in that scope of country I cannot tell by reason of the bogs and woods, neither do I know how far their limits shall extend. This will be good yearly rent coming unto them. In regard of the bogs and wood, it were best to have the lands bounded, and they to pay the King a certain rent for it altogether, for it will hardly be measured by the acre. Butter and cheese may be made in great abundance, and yield great profit. For such tenants as shall die to increase the rent. For such tenants as shall dwell in the cities to keep a sufficient quantity of arms for their defence.
When the King is pleased the undertakers should enter upon the land; it were fit the Irish tenants remain there for one year in regard of the great furtherance we may have of their work with garrons and other provisions, as likewise the rent, which being taken for the cows at 2s. the cow, will amount to 500l. Within one year, little more or less, the work will be in great forwardness, and our countrymen flock over, that we shall not so much need the Irish; and it will be requisite many of the idle persons and doubtful subjects be sent into some other part of the country. Those who carried themselves honestly in the last rebellion, are to be respected, and it might stand with the King's liking to let them remain paying a reasonable rent, and tied to some duties as shall be thought fit. The profit of 2,800l. disbursed in cattle and tillage the first year I estimate at 1,000l., if the corn fall out well these two years together. The Irishmen have been so addicted to tillage that a Bristowe banbarrell of barley was sold but for 18d. in the market of Colrane. So, by reason of the undertakers tillage, it will be cheaper, and yield great profit to transport it into other countries. The main salmon fishing of Loughfoyle and the Ban, The owners esteeming" worth 800l. or 1,000l. per annum, which by reason of vending it themselves into foreign countries by the undertakers will rise to a far greater sum. From Lough Neaugh, they may transport commodities by boat within 12 or 13 miles of Newry, where they must have a castle or fort to receive such commodities as they send out of Tyrone and other parts, as also such as come out of England. It is very fit and commodious to have storehouses at Newry, for, many times in the winter, a ship finding her lading there will make a voyage before she can get about the land to Loughfoyle, and the danger is not so great. There are fair woods in Macanns county and Torlo Brasil; whether they are in the King's hands or no, I know not. It were very fitting the undertakers dealt for them, for they will be very beneficial unto them if they go forward. The Loughe being but 12 miles from Knockvergus, they may carry their commodities and ship them away which will quit charge, rather than the shipping to go about in the winter, without great cause. For example, they will give 15s. in a thousand more to receive them at Knockvergus than at Loughfoyle. Now the Neurie is better than it. To keep continually six team of good horses in each place will quit the charges. By this means they may furnish most part of the North and make more speedy voyages in the winter and with less danger. Besides the great benefit and profit that the undertakers shall reap by this plantation, it will be a general good for the
* Sic, Esteem it?
commonwealth, for by this means London may be not only
Two markets to be erected upon the territory and lands of the undertakers, viz., at Lemavada (which is half-way) between Coldrane and Derrie, where is already a fair castle and market kept, the other in the Glinns, half-way between Dongannon and Coldrane, which is about 16 miles distant from each place. This will not be so chargeable as profitable, the greatest charge being already set down in the estimate of charges.
Copy. Pp. 5. Endorsed by Carew.
Vol. 680, p. 106, 95. CoNDITIONs to be observed by the UNDERTAKERs of ULSTER.
Points required at the hands of the Undertakers now in service as well by their bonds as patents.
A servitor and undertaker is to perform conditions in a bond of 400l., viz.:-That he, his heirs and assigns, within three years, shall make, erect, and build one dwelling-house of brick or stone, with a strong court or bawn about the same, in or upon the proportion of land called the great proportion of 2,000 acres, for the defence of him, his assigns, and tenants, and inhabitants residing or to be resident within the premises. A middle proportion in 300l. under the same conditions. A small proportion in 200l. to build a bawn. Rents in his patent: 16l. per annum in the month August 1614, and so rateably for the middle and small proportions. Covenants in his patent.—He is to allow timber to others within two years space. His fee farmers shall also build, vicinatim. He shall have ready in his house a competent number of arms to arm a competent number of men for himself and his tenants: 12 muskets and callivers, 12 hand weapons for the arming of 24 men for his defence. Shall have 660 acres in demesne, and alienate omnia alia premissa. 2. British undertakers are to perform conditions in the patent, viz.:-Rents in his patent for 2,000 acres, viz., 10l., 13s. 4d. not as before. No undertaker or his assigns shall at any time alienate or demise any of his lands to any mere Irish, or to any that will not take the oath of supremacy, either before such alienation or demise, or within one year after, upon pain of forfeiture of the parcels so alienated or demised. Conditions in a bond of 400l.—He shall, within three years to be reckoned from Easter 1610, erect and build a dwelling-house of stone or brick, with a strong court or bawn about it. And shall also, within the said three years, plant or place upon the proportion 48 able men of the age of 18 years or upwards, born in England or the inward part of Scotland. He shall also, during the space of five years after the feast of St. Michael the Archangel, 1610, be resident himself in person or by such other person as shall be allowed. And also shall not alien the said proportion or any part thereof during the said five years but unto his under-tenants, whom he is to plant.
Copy. Pp. 3. Endd.
Vol. 629, p. 29, 96. The TITLEs of certain ACTs thought fit to be propounded
Sent out of England.
at the next Parliament to be holden in Ireland. Touching matters Ecclesiastical.
An Act for the re-edifying and repairing of cathedral and parochial churches, wherein it may be provided that the cathedral churches which are standing and not ruined, viz., Christchurch and St. Patrick's in Dublin, the cathedral churches of Laughlin, Ossory, Kilkenny, Waterford, Cashill,


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Event Information:
Fri15Nov2019Sat16Nov201910.00 to 16.00Witham Hall, Horse Market, Barnard Castle DL12 8LYwww.thewitham.org.uk 01833 631107 firstname.lastname@example.com Centre ManagerFREE
Designer Makers Christmas Market
Two halls showcasing approximately thirty 'handpicked' designers, artists & craftspeople from around the region and beyond.
Meet the makers and buy, or commission, handcrafted goods of gallery quality.
Original work and a strong 'up-cycled' theme. Demonstrations and 'have-a-go sessions' for all ages.
Admission is free but a donation to St Teresa's Hospice would be gratefully received.

subset: commoncrawl


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Euro Macro: We have revised up our estimate of government funding needs – The economic shock from Covid-19 has led to a sharp deterioration of the public finances for eurozone member states. Since the crisis began, we have been tracking the funding needs of eurozone member states and our estimates have only gone up. Indeed, we have now raised our estimate for the eurozone as a whole to a total additional funding need for this year of around EUR 1050bn compared to EUR 850bn previously (see table below). Taking into account government plans before the corona shock, total gross issuance this year of bonds and bills will total almost EUR 2.5 trillion with net supply at around EUR 1.2 trillion.
The upward revision of our funding need projection mainly reflects the downgrades to our economic growth forecasts (see yesterday's Global Daily Insight). This reflects the high automatic stabilisers in the eurozone (reflecting higher spending on for instance unemployment benefits and lower tax revenues), which is reflected in a cyclical deterioration in the public finances. In addition, governments have been adding discretionary fiscal stimulus. Most notably, yesterday Italy announced a new EUR 55bn package. In total, we now see a total fiscal impulse in the eurozone of 9.5% GDP, with 3.8% GDP of discretionary fiscal stimulus and the remainder due to the automatic stabilisers. The eurozone budget balance will deteriorate by a similar amount relative to its pre-Covid-19 expect level, taking the deficit to around 10.5% GDP.
We are currently reviewing our ECB call given the changes to our base case. We currently expect the PEPP to be stepped up by EUR 500bn by June to a total of EUR 1.25 trillion. However, given the deterioration in the economic growth outlook, the rising risk of deflation, and the even bigger surge in bond supply, the ECB could very well step up its asset purchases even more aggressively. (Nick Kounis, Aline Schuiling and Jolien van den Ende)
US Macro: Labour market looks to be stabilising… – There were a further 3mn new jobless claims last week, down from 3.2mn the week earlier. There were signs of a stabilisation in the continuing claims data, which increased by 456k to 22.8mn on a seasonally adjusted basis in the week to 2 May, but actually fell by 629k on an unadjusted basis to 21.1mn. This was the first overall fall in the continuing claims since the surge in jobless claims started in mid-March. As we have discussed previously, we think that in the current environment the non-seasonally adjusted numbers give a better read on the real labour market conditions, and that the continuing claims – which represent the stock of unemployed – are more representative than the initial claims (which is a gross flow number, and appears to count many duplicate claims). Indeed, if you add up the flow of initial jobless claims over the past two months, it would now come to 38mn since early March – an enormous discrepancy from the continuing claims. All of this suggests that we may be over the worst in terms of the initial hit to the labour market. The data so far points to a further significant fall in the May nonfarm payrolls (out on 5 June), albeit on a much smaller scale than the unprecedented 20.5mn decline in April – we currently project a fall of 3.5mn. From June, we expect payrolls to begin rising again.
…but permanent damage will be significant – With that said, much more important for the medium term outlook will be how many of the millions of unemployed become permanently displaced from their previous jobs. The data from last week's April nonfarm payrolls report suggest that by far the bulk of the newly unemployed have been temporarily laid off, or furloughed. With the economy now reopening, many of these workers are likely to return to their previous jobs – we estimate around half, over the coming months. However, it has become increasingly clear that the reopening process will be a very gradual one – potentially punctuated by renewed outbreaks and a reintroduction of restrictions. Meanwhile, some sectors – particularly hospitality – will face prolonged restrictions regardless (for instance, restaurants in many states are now capped at 25-50% of normal capacity levels, to enable social distancing). This will inevitably weigh significantly on employment in these sectors. We therefore continue to expect unemployment to end the year in the high single digits – up sharply from the 3.5% registered in February – and with only a gradual improvement in 2021. (Bill Diviney)


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Canada's head of government is the Prime Minister, or PM for shortnote , who by default is the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons — though two Prime Ministers, John Abbott and Mackenzie Bowell, governed from the Senate. Three PMs never faced Parliament during their tenure - Charles Tupper, John Turner, and Kim Campbell - not coincidentally, all had been appointed PM shortly before an election which saw their party defeated and them removed from power. However, Tupper and Campbell ran for re-election as incumbent MPs, making Turner the only PM who was neither an MP nor a Senatornote . More common is the PM losing his seat in a general election only to be returned to the Commons in a subsequent by-election, usually in a safe seat for the party after the incumbent has voluntarily stepped downnote . The Prime Minister's official residence since 1951 is 24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa; however the incumbent Justin Trudeau does not live there as the house is badly dilapidated and in need of major renovations. In typical Canadian fashion, these renovations have been long-delayed with no clear end date in sight.
All of the country's Prime Ministers have been from either the Liberal or an incarnation of the Conservative Party, and all but one (Kim Campbell) have been men.
All Prime Ministers have been of European descent - nearly all of either British and/or French extraction. There is no requirement for a Prime Minister to be "natural-born", and four Prime Ministers - including three of the first five - were immigrants (albeit all from the United Kingdom).
Seven of the ten provinces have been represented by a sitting Prime Minister - the three which have not are New Brunswicknote , Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland & Labrador (all in the Atlantic Canada region)note .
All Prime Ministers have been at least nominally Christian, although there is a tradition of anti-clericalism among the many French-Canadian Catholic Prime Ministers. The current numbers (at least nominally) are: 10 Catholic, 4 Anglican, 3 Presbyterian, 3 Baptist, 2 Methodist (via United Church of Canada), and 1 Evangelical.
Please note that despite the numbers below, Canadian Prime Ministers—unlike American Presidents—are not given multiple denominations for non-consecutive terms. As such, the current Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, is reckoned only the 23rd Prime Minister, not the 28th.
- Sir John A. Macdonald (Conservative, 1867-1873) Born in Scotland. The dominant figure in achieving Canadian Confederation, he can essentially be thought of as Canada's functionally-alcoholic answer to George Washington, only without the need for a war or sticking to that whole "two terms" thing. Extended Canada to the Pacific and Arctic coasts and created the North-West Mounted Police to patrol this vast territory, though this also involved suppressing Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion. Ruled with minimal opposition until forced to resign by a corruption scandal related to building the transcontinental Railway, though he remained party leader.
- Alexander Mackenzie — (Liberal, 1873-1878) Born in Scotland. The first Prime Minister from the Liberal Party. A stonemason before entering politics, and a staunch anti-aristocrat.note Appointed to office after the fall of the Macdonald government and won a clear majority two months later. Created the Supreme Court, the office of Auditor General, and the Royal Military College. However, he struggled to deal with the economic depression following the Panic of 1873 and progress on the transcontinental railway stalled, resulting in a landslide comeback for Macdonald and the Conservatives. Remained an MP until his death in 1892. The first Prime Minister with facial hair (a Badass Beard).
- Sir John A. Macdonald (Conservative, 1878-1891) — Returned to power after a five-year hiatus and ruled the country until his death largely by championing a "National Policy" of fostering national unity via the transcontinental railroad, industrial growth via protective tariffs, and settling Western Canada via immigration that would remain relatively unchanged until World War II. This caused a second conflict with Louis Riel, who's subsequent execution alienated Quebecers (who, like Riel, were Catholic Francophones). Died in office just three months after winning his record sixth majoritynote , and was immediately hailed as (and proved to be) a very Tough Act to Follow. One of the bridges linking Ottawa to Gatineau is named after him and his French-Canadian political partner George-Etienne Cartier.
- Sir John Abbott (Conservative, 1891-1892) An English Quebecker and the first native-born Prime Minister. As the Conservative government leader in the Senate, he only took the job after John Thompson turned it down, and essentially just held the fort for 18-months before retiring. He is also the great-grandfather of Christopher Plummer.
- Sir John Thompson (Conservative, 1892-1894) A Nova Scotian protege of Macdonald, he was also the first Catholic Prime Minister and at just 47 the youngest to hold the office until 1920, almost thirty years later. Was actually offered the office before Abbott, but initially Refused the Call because of concerns of prejudice towards his Catholicism after Converting for Love. Also served as his own Justice Minister and did a respectable job, but died of a heart attacknote after just two years at age 49, making him Canada's most What Could Have Been PM and the one with by far the shortest lifespan; every other deceased PM has made it to at least 70.note After Macdonald, he's the second and last Prime Minister to die in office.
- Sir Mackenzie Bowellnote (Conservative, 1894-1896) Born in England. Like Abbott, as senior cabinet minister and government Senate leader, power fell to him after Thompson's death. He then spent two years floundering around over the divisive issue of public school funding in Manitoba until forced to resign by a cabinet coup. The country's only PM to have a full beardnote but it was very much the opposite of a Badass Beard, as he's usually considered the country's worst Prime Minister, excluding those who were only in power for a few months. Second and last Prime Minister to govern from the Senate, which he remained a member of until his death at age 93 in 1917.
- Sir Charles Tupper (Conservative, 1896) The country's shortest-serving Prime Minister (69 days), as well as the oldest to assume office (at age 74). Previously the premier who led Nova Scotia into Confederation in 1867, Tupper was thrust directly into an uphill election and almost won, but ultimately failed thanks to the internal bickering over Manitoba's schools and the Liberals flipping the script on economics by embracing most of Macdonald's old National Policy. In the end, Tupper won the popular vote (48% to 41%), but a Liberal landslide in Quebec brought them a 55% majority of seats, and when Tupper insisted on trying to go on governing the governor-general simply refused to cooperate, prompting Tupper's resignation. He tried again in the 1900 election and was soundly defeated. Still got a mountain named after him, though. Ironically enough, the shortest-serving PM was also the longest-lived, dying at the age of 94 in 1915.
- Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Liberal, 1896-1911) — The country's first Francophone Prime Minister and the only one to hold office for 15 consecutive years, as well as the record-holder for longest-serving MP (45 years) and major party leader (31 years, 8 months). He was the first PM to serve under three monarchs (Victoria, Edward VII, and George V) and the first to serve as PM for a monarch's entire reign (that of Edward VII). Sought and found compromise on the Manitoba Schools Question, and later on imperial relations with Britain by sending volunteers rather than militia to the Boer War and establishing the Royal Canadian Navy rather than sending money to aid Britain in it's naval arms race with Germany, but also raised the head tax on Chinese immigrants from $50 (established by Macdonald) to $500 dollars, and his government fell when it tried to reverse the old National Policy and increase "reciprocity" (i.e. free trade) with the United States. Also created the prairie provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and established Quebec as the Liberals' primary base by softening the party's anti-clerical stance and opposing conscription in 1917, which led to a short-term drubbing but great long-term success for the party. Widely considered one of the Power Trio of Prime Ministers, along with John A. Macdonald and W. L. Mackenzie King, Laurier has been depicted on the Canadian $5 bill since 1972.
- Sir Robert Borden (Conservative/Unionist, 1911-1920) The last Prime Minister born before Confederation and the last Nova Scotian to hold the office. Recognizable by his Badass Moustache. After a decade floundering as opposition leader, he proved a popular and effective Prime Minister after gaining power, giving women the right to vote, establishing a proper taxation system, and taking Canada through World War I and into the League of Nations while lobbying for greater autonomy within the British Empire.note Ran for re-election during the war as part of the Unionist Party coalition of pro-war, pro-conscription Conservatives and Liberals while Laurier led a rump Liberal-dominated Opposition ("Laurier Liberals"). No party has ever bettered the 56.9% of the popular vote won by Borden's coalition in 1917. However, the conscription policies he imposed during the war and the violent crackdown on the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, would come back to hurt the party in the long run, especially in Quebec. The last Prime Minister to be knighted; the inconsistently-enforced "Nickle Resolution" barring Canadian citizens from accepting "foreign honours" due to a number of scandals sprouting from controversial British peerages being awarded to Canadian supporters of the war effort was passed during his term. Depicted on the Canadian $100 bill since 1976, but slated for removal (probably to make room for John A. Macdonald who was bumped off the $10 by Viola Desmond in 2018).
- Arthur Meighen (Liberal-Conservative, 1920-1921) The only PM from a Manitoba ridingnote First came to prominence as Minister of Justice under Borden, though also gained some measure of infamy by his involvement in the implementation of conscription, plus his handling the Winnipeg General Strike. Though touted as the handpicked successor to Borden after the latter decided to step down with just over a year of his term remaining, in reality he was the only Tory who really wanted the top job, as Borden's other cabinet members were either too old, infirm, or knew the party had little chance of staying in power at the next election. Although he tried to maintain the 1917 coalition under the new "Liberal-Conservative" brand, he promptly lost the 1921 election (including his own seat) and saw his party fall to third place behind the new Progressive Party.
- W.L. Mackenzie King (Liberal, 1921-1926) — The country's longest serving Prime Minister and the only one to serve three non-consecutive terms. A life-long bachelor and eccentric who believed in the occult and regularly consulted mediums, but also a benchmark Chessmaster of Canadian politics. Commonly depicted on the Canadian $50 bill. Coming to power as Canada's first true minority governmentnote , he struggled to find his feet and had to rely on support from the new Progressive Party. His 1925 re-election bid saw him lose the popular vote, his own seat, and drop 15 seats behind the Conservatives. However, King refused to give up power and succeeded where Charles Tupper had failed by calling on his Progressive allies to prop up his government. This coalition quickly collapsed, however, when a cabinet minister was discovered to have taken bribes, so King preempted censure by asking Governor General Julian Byng to call a new election. When Byng declined, insisting that Meighen's larger Conservative caucus also deserved a chance to form a government, King denounced this as "foreign intervention", resulting in the infamous King-Byng Affair.
- Arthur Meighen (Conservative, 1926) — An extremely short-lived return. Unable to risk losing a confidence vote while his cabinet was absent seeking the traditional validation of token by-elections, Meighen appointed only acting ministers. However, this—combined with his own controversial appointment—just convinced the Progressives to go back over to the Liberals and bring down Meighen's government (by a margin of one vote) after just three days. In the ensuing election, the Liberals campaigned as much against the Governor General's right to appoint Meighen as Meighen himself, and made an informal pact against vote-splitting with the Progressives, resulting in Meighen winning the largest popular vote (again) but losing the electionnote and his own seat again.note
- W.L. Mackenzie King (Liberal, 1926-1930) — Second term in office. Did a little better than his first time around, introducing old-age pensions, devolving power to the provinces, and gradually increasing Canadian autonomy from Britain, but lost re-election thanks to the onset of The Great Depression, which he initially considered temporary or even a "Tory conspiracy", and infamously claimed he "would not give a five-cent piece" for provincial unemployment relief.
- R.B. Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett (Conservative, 1930-1935) The first PM to represent an Alberta ridingnote . Managed to win power with a very polished election campaign (including an early appreciation of the radio), only to take the Herbert Hoover approach of assuming the Depression would fix itself. Ultimately realized his mistake and tried to replicate Franklin D. Roosevelt's "New Deal" by instituting a progressive income tax, a minimum wage, a limited work-week, unemployment and health insurance, expanded pensions, and bailouts for farmers. However, this wasn't enough to appease his critics and only prompted a split within his own party, with the resulting backlash wrecking the original Conservative Party as an electoral force, forcing them to merge with elements of the dying Progressive Party. Founded the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Corporation, the Canadian Wheat Board, and the Bank of Canada. Also probably the richest Canadian ever elected PM, and his personal charity to those afflicted by the Depression outstripped his income, exceeding 2.3 million dollars. Bennett himself retired to England in 1937 where he was later appointed to the British House of Lords (in apparent violation of the aforementioned Nickle Resolution but without any repercussions) for his unpaid work for the British Ministry of Aircraft Production during World War II. He is the only former PM to be elevated to the peerage.
- W.L. Mackenzie King (Liberal, 1935-1948) — His third, longest, and most influential term as Prime Minister. After tactfully playing Commander Contrarian in Opposition, took back power after the worst of the Depression was past and set about helping the recovery by expanding the financial and social welfare systems and trade with the United States. Also reconstituted the Canadian (Radio) Broadcasting Corporation as a government corporation, nationalized the Bank of Canada, and established the precursor of Air Canada. King won a majority of the popular vote for the first and only time in his 1940 re-election bid with 51.3% of the vote; the Liberals have never done better in Canadian history. Led Canada through World War II and into the United Nations, with mixed results ranging from successes in economic, scientific, and industrial mobilization to ambiguities like finessing the conscription issue to discredits like Japanese internment camps. Retired in 1948. He was the second PM to serve under three monarchs (George V, Edward VIII, and George VI) and the second to serve for a monarch's entire reign (granted, Edward VIII reigned for less than a year and King, like all the other Commonwealth PMs, was in favour of abdication).
- Louis St. Laurent (Liberal, 1948-1957) Mackenzie King's Quebec lieutenant and hand-picked successor. Popularly known as "Uncle Louis", he cultivated a paternal image, right down to having an honest-to-goodness Standard '50s Father moustache. Took Canada into NATO and expanded the country's military presence (including the Korean War), along with establishing most of the country's current boundaries (incorporating Newfoundland as the tenth province) and federal structure. Also oversaw major infrastructure projects like the Trans-Canada Highway, Trans-Canada Pipeline, and St. Lawrence Seaway. Presided over a long post-war boom, before an economic downturn and fatigue with 36 years of almost continuous Liberal power brought down his government. Some Liberals suggested that he should try to cling to power with a coalition as King had in 1925note , but St. Laurent considered this unsustainable and at 75 years old was ready to retire. He was the first of HM The Queen's twelve Canadian Prime Ministers - yes, the majority of Canada's PMs have served under a single monarch!
- John Diefenbaker (Progressive-Conservative, 1957-1963) The first Prime Minister of substantially non-British or French heritage (his father was the son of German immigrants), and the only Prime Minister from Saskatchewannote . Initially elected to a minority government, when the Liberals called on him to resign for causing an economic downturn after just nine months, he proceeded to call an election, prove the Liberals had predicted the downturn but done nothing about it, and win the biggest majority government in Canadian history (208 of 265 seats; no party since has outperformed his 53.67% of the popular vote). Passed substantial civil rights legislation including the Canadian Bill of Rights and voting rights for aboriginal peoples, and appointed the first female cabinet minister. Joined with the US to create NORAD, but cancelled the Avro Arrow (largely because the advent of ballistic missiles limited the need for interceptor fighters).note Personally very thin-skinned, he got along superbly with Dwight D. Eisenhower but just pissed off John F. Kennedy. His refusal to let the US install ballistic missile defences with nuclear warheads, which resulted in a revolt by his cabinet, helped cause his downfall. After leaving office, remained an MP until his death in 1979. Has an airportnote and a large lake named after him.
- Lester B. Pearson (Liberal, 1963-1968) A distinguished diplomat and winner of the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize. After a less than auspicious start leading the Liberals to their worst defeat to date, he eventually rebounded and won power, with more than a little help from President Kennedy. Over five years and two minority governments he mostly laid the groundwork for what would follow under his successor, but also introduced the current Canadian flag, and the country's current healthcare, pension, and immigration systems. He also reversed Diefenbaker's policy and allowed US nukes into Canada but refused to join the Vietnam War. Toronto's Pearson International Airport, the busiest airport in the country serving its largest city, has been named for him since 1984. He was the last PM born in the 19th century and the most recent to represent a riding in Ontario, Canada's most populous province, though three subsequent PMsnote were born there. All five subsequent Liberal PMs to date either served directly in Pearson's cabinet, or were sons of his cabinet members.
- Pierre Trudeau (Liberal, 1968-1979) — One of the country's most well-remembered, but also controversial Prime Ministers, who legalized homosexuality, pushed for official bilingualism and invoked military force during an attempted Quebec uprising (both really unpopular at the time, but in retrospect likely helped stop the province from seceding), but also gained a reputation for economic turmoil, backtracking on policies, and behaving arrogantly towards political opponents (one (in)famous example). He deliberately defined himself in opposition to US President Richard Nixon by welcoming the many draft dodgers who fled across the border with open arms and seeking closer relationships with the West's traditional enemies, particularly Chairman Mao (which Nixon eventually did too) and especially Fidel Castro, who became a close personal friend and even attended his funeral. Trudeau also instituted the metric system in 1977, resulting in a bastardized system.note Lost power due to soaring inflation and introducing (among other things) price controls after pledging he wouldn't do so.
- Joe Clark (Progressive-Conservative, 1979-1980) The only Alberta-born Prime Minister as well as the youngest, taking office just a day shy of his 40th birthday. Managed to win a minority government against expectations, but was unable to strike an alliance with any of the three smaller parties, though he did poach one of the six Social Credit MPs. After just nine months, his government tried to raise fuel taxes but lost the ensuing vote of confidence when the five remaining Socreds abstained after Clarke refused to allocated the new revenues to Quebec, and then proceeded to lose the general election that resulted. (As their reward, the Socreds never again elected a member to parliament.) By 1983, fearing internal dissent after only two-thirds of the party supported his leadership, Clark called a leadership race and was trounced by his 1976 rival Brian Mulroney, who proceeded to take the party back into power. Remained an MP after his defeat, serving on Mulroney's frontbenches until his (temporary) retirement in 1993. The most recent PM to try to return to office after a defeat, Clark led the rump PCs in the 2000 election, resulting in a disappointing drop off from their modest 1997 recovery and prompting Clark's retirement and a merger with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern Conservatives, a move Clark staunchly opposed. Still living, the earliest PM for whom this is the case (though he's still younger than all of his successors except for Kim Campbell, Stephen Harper, and Justin Trudeau, so this isn't that surprising).
- Pierre Trudeau (Liberal, 1980-1984) Cancelled his retirement when Clark's government fell, returned to power, and soundly defeated the Quebec secessionist movement in a 1980 referendum, largely by promising constitutional reform. This resulted in the 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitutionnote , the final step in Canada's independence from Britain, but also in long and bitter negotiations with the provinces that ended with Quebec as the odd province out, setting the stage for continued rancour in Quebec and forever staining Trudeau's reputation in the province. Meanwhile, a series of difficult budgets and soaring inflation, interest rates, and unemployment did nothing to improve Trudeau's economic reputation, and his already-bitter relationship with Western Canadanote soured even further when he responded to the era's energy crisis by creating the National Energy Program, which western provinces saw as a devastating federal intrusion into their oil-rich economy and prompted such a backlash that the idea of the western provinces separating from Canada actually gained some traction.note With his personal and party popularity approaching rock-bottom levels, Trudeau took "a long walk in the snow" and decided to resign for good in 1984, but on his way out the door he recommended over 200 Liberals (some with doubtful qualifications) to patronage positions as senators, judges, and bureaucratic and crown corporation executives, which generated yet more political backlash for his successor. The most recent PM to die, in 2000.
- John Turner (Liberal, 1984) Born in England; the last foreign-born PM to date. Returned to politics after a decade away to beat out Trudeau's protegee Jean Chretien as party leader, thus becoming PM despite lacking a seat in parliament. In addition to maintaining Trudeau's controversial patronage appointments, Turner made a further 70 patronage appointments himself. Misled by polls showing a Liberal surge, rather than parachute into a safe seat in a by-election Turner called a general election as soon as he took office despite not needing to do so for another year, and proceeded to run one of the most incompetent electoral campaigns in Canadian history, resulting in the Liberals' worst-ever defeat up to that point.note Despite this, Turner remained party leader and came close to a comeback campaigning against free trade with the US in the 1988 election, but ultimately failed when the PCs dropped the gloves and mercilessly targeted Turner's personal credibility. This second failure prompted Turner's resignation as party leader in 1990, only for his favoured successor Paul Martin to lose the leadership to Jean Chretien. As a result, Turner is the only Liberal PM to never win a mandate of his own. Still living, though ancient (born in 1929, just three years younger than HM The Queen).note
- Brian Mulroney (Progressive-Conservative, 1984-1993) — An English Quebecker. Won two enormous majorities, and was part of the 1980s Conservative Power Trio with Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher. His friendship with Reagan was particularly strongnote , generally regarded as the closest between any Canadian PM and American President, and produced the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). His 1984 landslide marked the last time any party won a majority of the popular vote, and the last time to date any party has won over 200 seats. However, his botched handling of Quebec sovereignty and the Goods and Services Tax, combined with allegations of personal corruption in the Airbus Affair managed to wreck the popularity of Mulroney, his government, and his party, prompting his key bases in Quebec and Western Canada to split off into the Bloc Quebecois and Reform Party, respectively. Recognizing the inevitable (his approval rating bottomed out at 12%!note ), he jumped ship just six months before he had to call an election. This technicality makes him the first Prime Minister to win every election he contested. Still living.
- Kim Campbell (Progressive-Conservative, 1993) — Canada's only female Prime Minister, and the only native British Columbiannote . Faced with the near-impossible task of trying to get her government re-elected despite its severe unpopularity, she somehow did the worst of a bad job and helped cause them to lose all but two of their seats, including her own, though her personal popularity remained high (48%). Still living.
- Jean Chrétien (Liberal, 1993-2003) — A veteran of Pierre Trudeau's governments, who dropped out of politics for a while after a very short-lived stint as deputy PM to John Turner, before making a comeback in the early 1990s. Won election in a landslide thanks to the Progressive-Conservative implosion and the opposition being severely fragmented, and was a popular Prime Minister for a while, but came to be seen (especially in retrospect) as incredibly corrupt and arrogant. He did at least manage to persuade Quebec not to secede from the rest of the country in a 1995 referendum. The second PM to win every election he contested; his final victory in 2000 marks the last time to date that any party has received over 40% of the popular vote. Famously inarticulate, he was memorably described as "fluent in neither of Canada's official languages." Also noted for suffering from paralysis on the left side of his face due to a childhood bout with Bell's Palsy, with Campbell's massive election defeat partly attributed to a TV ad that her party released, which was seen (intentionally or otherwise) to be mocking his disfigurement. Still living.
- Paul Martin (Liberal, 2003-2006) — The son of another high-ranking Liberal politician, Paul Martin Sr., who had repeatedly failed to win the Liberal leadership. Paul Jr. was a bit more successful, only for the scandals that had been building up under Chrétien's reign to finally blow up (to be fair, Martin himself was implicated in several of them), costing him power after just over two years. For British readers, he's basically the Gordon Brown to Chrétien's Tony Blair, right down to a lengthy and extremely successful tenure as Finance Minister, and a very long-standing rivalry with Chrétien dating back to their fight for the party leadership in 1990, resulting in over a decade of Teeth-Clenched Teamwork and the entire Liberal Party dividing into "Chrétienite" and "Martini" factions with the latter eventually forcing the former out of office. Unlike Brown, however, Martin did (barely) manage to win an election (with a minority government) in 2004. His most lasting legislative contribution is probably the legalization of gay marriage. Still living.
- Stephen Harper (Conservative, 2006-2015) — The first Prime Minister from the new Conservative Party, the only Baby Boomer elected to the officenote , and the only PM in Canadian history to perform successively better in three elections (four if you count the one before he became PM), starting out with a pair of minorities before earning a strong majority in 2011.note Instituted the Accountability Act, fixed election dates, and lowered the Goods & Services Tax, but his tenure came to be dominated by the Great Recession, which Canada weathered better than most thanks to prior regulation and pragmatic management including generous stimulus spending that ran contrary to conservative dogma. However, his government also achieved a Medal of Dishonor by being the first in Commonwealth history to be found in contempt of parliament, forcing a general election, but the public quickly decided the whole thing was a bunch of fuss over nothing and handed him a majority. Stiff and stodgy like many past Conservative leaders, he was never personally popular but governed fairly moderately (if at times underhandedly) especially as a minority, focusing on fiscal issues while avoiding divisive social issues, though his steadfast support for Canadian oil grew more controversial as climate change emerged as a rising global concern. Ultimately, an ill-timed recession, a manifesto seen as too right-wing, and complacency over the seemingly moribund Liberal Party, saw him lose power in 2015. He's also notorious for his public relations with the two US Presidents he served alongside: his cozy relationship with George W. Bush (who famously called him "Steve") and his awkward relationship with Barack Obama, who was essentially his polar opposite. Still living, and currently chair of the International Democrat Union, a global alliance of right-wing parties.
- Justin Trudeau (Liberal, 2015-present) — Canada's current and second youngest Prime Minister, assuming office at 43. The eldest son of Pierre Trudeaunote , he's the first PM descended from a previous one and the first from Generation X. Won power against expectations in 2015 after the Liberals had been reduced to third place in the last election. Has very much modelled his image on that of Barack Obama, right down to attracting plaudits on the world stage as a hip young progressive who says all the right things despite having a much more complex record at home. After the election of Donald Trump, Trudeau generally followed his father's footsteps in defining himself as a Foil to an unpopular American President. Assuming office with near record approval ratings, he appointed the country's first gender-balanced cabinet and legalized marijuana but curiously reneged on a promise to implement proportional representation (made when his party was in third place with disproportionately few seats) after his party won a majority with under 40% of the vote. However, several controversial policies and a series of scandals, especially the 2019 SNC-Lavalin Affair which prompted a series of high-profile resignations after Trudeau and his staff were accused of inappropriately pressuring and then demoting Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould for refusing to intervene in a bribery and fraud case against a Montreal corporation, have badly sullied his image and opinions of him are now very polarized. History would repeat itself when he ran for re-election in 2019, as like his father he lost his majority but remained in power with the implicit support of the New Democratic Party, albeit with a much more comfortable seat advantage than Pierre enjoyed in 1972. Unlike his father, however, he also lost the popular vote, becoming the first PM since Joe Clark to win a general election without winning the popular vote, and setting a new record for the lowest popular vote for a governing party with just 33%.note Grew a goatee early in his second term, making him the first PM with facial hair in over six decades. Still living, obviously.


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Wednesday Jan 08, 2020. 15:00
Sadio Mane has spoken out after being named as Africa's best player at the CAF Awards ceremony in Egypt on Tuesday evening.
The Senegal international beat Liverpool teammate Mohamed Salah and fellow English Premier League attacker Riyad Mahrez to the coveted CAF African Footballer of the Year accolade, claiming the prestigious gong for the very first time.
Mane enjoyed a stellar 2019, playing a crucial role in Liverpool's continental success. The forward helped lead the Reds to Uefa Champions League glory before playing an important role in the club's Uefa Super Cup and Fifa Club World Cup success.
The 27-year-old has already scored 15 goals and assisted 11 more in 28 appearances across all competitions this season, as Liverpool set their sights on English Premier League glory.
"I would like to thank my family, especially my uncle who is here today, without forgetting all the Egyptian people as well and of course my national team coach, Aliou Cisse, my team mates with the national team and the staff at the Federation," Mane is quoted as saying by Liverpool Echo.
"I also thank Liverpool Football Club, my team mates, the staff and everybody there.
"It is a big day for me.. I don't really know how to say it but I would love to thank all the Senegalese people. They have been with me all the time and they push me to do better.
"Also the people from my village.. I have come very far, Bambali is a very small village and I am sure they are watching on the tv.
"I am really happy and very proud to win this," he concluded.


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Nikki's personal crusade takes to stage
In 1990 Nikki Kenward had everything she wanted, newly married with a baby son, Alfie, loving husband, Merv, and a career as a theatre manager.
Then she contracted Guillian-Barre syndrome which left her completely paralysed for five months.
She found herself locked into her own body able only to move one eye and admits that at times her life seemed unbearable.
Yet, 27 years later Mrs Kenward, from Aston-on-Club, who still has disabilities, is a passionate campaigner against assisted suicide.
She has written a play, 5 A Day, which will have its premier at the SpArC Theatre in Bishop's Castle on October 25.
The play looks at the search for a 'good death' an end without pain,loneliness or fear.
Mrs Kenward, 64, said her personal experience had led her and her husband to a legal challenge against euthanasia and her campaigning, which has included a performance on the Fourth Plinth in Trafalgar Square in London.
When she was 'locked in' she said there were times when she wanted to die.
"If you'd asked me then, I would have said I'd rather not live. Just one of my eyes would open and I think if my family had been asked by the hospital they'd have opted to end my life. I hadn't seen Alfie for months and the thought of him being without me broke my heart more than what was happening to me."
Now, having seen her son grow up, she is grateful that there was not the choice for her or her family to make. She said she is living proof that people should carry on living.
"People ask is what I went through worse than death - I don't know, because I have never been dead," she said.
She and her husband are part of the campaign group, Distant Voices.
"I believe that suicide is not the answer, the answer is to be cared for with absolutely brilliant, palliative care."
Mrs Kenward is hoping that people will go along to the 5 A Day play which is being produced with Distant Voices to hear a different view to dying.
She says the play asks tough questions as it delves into the risk to disabled people, the elderly, the locked-in, and terminally ill children.
"We are determined not to preach to the converted. Euthanasia is a polarising and deeply personal issue. Our aim is to get our audience asking the question, in a debate that has so far been very one sided. We don't want people to end their lives in unnecessary, uncontrollable pain."
Tickets for the production are available from SpArC Theatre, 01588 630321 or 01588 638038 or by email


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The Challengers The Track Men
A gray-haired man wearing a knapsack walks along a tree-lined path.
Man [off-screen]: One two-thousandths of a second. That's all the time it takes for the club to hit the ball and the ball to leave the club face again.
Onscreen text: Charles Schwab Presents
The gray-haired man, Klaus Eldrup-Jørgensen, talks in an office with large windows behind him.
Klaus [onscreen]: My name is Klaus Eldrup-Jørgensen, and I founded TrackMan.
A square orange device with the name TrackMan on it sits on green artificial grass.
Onscreen text: The Challengers
A series about people who question. Engage. Succeed.
Dramatic drum music.
A hand places a golf ball and tee in the ground. Klaus lines up a shot at a golf driving range and hits the ball.
Onscreen text: The Track Men
Mellow music.
A white flag that reads "Rungsted Golf Klub" in black lettering flutters against a blue sky.
Klaus talks in an office.
Klaus [onscreen]: I'm definitely a golf lover. I was not a great player, but I was a good player. I love to practice.
Klaus [off-screen]: When we started, the question we asked ourselves was, "Can we make it more fun, more efficient to practice, using technology?"
Onscreen text: Can we make it more fun, more efficient to practice using technology?
Klaus [onscreen]: In the beginning of 2003, there's a lot of technology around, but nothing has happened to golf for decades. So you still buy a bucket of balls and you hit it. And, at least at that point in time, you didn't get any feedback.
Klaus hits a ball on a driving range and watches it. Then, with a TrackMan device next to him, Klaus looks at his mobile phone.
Klaus [onscreen]: I'm not a technician or a radar engineer or anything like that myself.
A man walks into a dark office space, the lights come on; all the desks are empty.
Klaus [off-screen]: So I was very, very lucky and ran into a very, very good guy who's been spending his whole life and career working in the military using Doppler radar.
A young man with short dark hair, Fredrik Tuxen, talks in an office.
Fredrik Tuxen [onscreen]: My name is Fredrik Tuxen, and I'm the inventor of the TrackMan technology.
Fredrik writes on a white board on which there are equations and diagrams.
Fredrik [off-screen]: The first time I met Klaus, I was head of R and D, making radars for military applications. So tracking missiles, bullets, rockets, and that stuff.
They had this fantastic business idea: If you could track a golf ball, how you would make a business out of that.
Fredrik works on a computer in an office.
Klaus [off-screen]: In the beginning we thought of this as a practice tool. But it quickly turned out that we had a lot of interesting data that actually was very valuable to the equipment manufacturers. After the equipment manufacturers it became club fitting. And eventually it became teaching. In the beginning we just measured the ball. How far was the ball traveling, and the height of the ball; spin of the ball?
In the old days, people thought that they could just look at the golf ball and tell what the club was doing at impact, but you can't do that. There's several combinations of golf ball and club impact that'll give you the same ball flight. So if you don't know exactly what goes on at impact, you don't really know what to correct.
A pair of hands, one hand gloved, grips the handle of a golf club. A young golfer hits a ball in an indoor practice room with a screen on the wall showing the ball's trajectory. Another man sits at a computer and looks at data that analyzes the golfer's swing.
Fredrik [off-screen]: What happens when a club meets a ball? And why is it that for some people it is absolutely optimal to have a 3,300 RPM spin rate, where for others it's only a 2,000 RPM spin rate? And that actually was a foundation to a lot of the insights and thought leadership that we created at TrackMan. And what is it that you want to do if you want to maximize your own potential?
Onscreen text: We developed new terminology
Fredrik [off-screen]: We had to develop new terminology, like "attack angle": How much are you hitting up on the ball? How much are you hitting down on the ball? If you are making contact with the ball after the low point, you have a positive attack angle. Your club path will always be more to the left, for a right-hand player, than your swing direction.
The computer screen shows the trajectory of the ball.
Fredrik [onscreen]: When I talked to instructors back in the early days, this was mind-blowing for them. They had not had this geometric picture in their minds before. And this completely changed the way they were thinking about how to swing the club, where to make contact with the club, and how to achieve desirable numbers.
When TrackMan brought out this: You need to hit up on your driver to maximize your distance, this was very controversial.
Upbeat synthesized music begins.
As Fredrik speaks, various workers solder parts, use a wrench to assemble a device, screw components together, examine data on a computer screen.
Fredrik [off-screen]: TrackMan is a hardware company where everything is designed in-house. There's not a component you find in any of our devices that we have not designed ourselves. We design our own microwave components. We are building all the electronics. There is not a piece of code that is running, either on the devices or in the applications, that has not been built in-house.
Onscreen text: Everything is designed in house
Fredrik [off-screen]: We are definitely also a data company. We started out using Doppler radar technology. I cannot see that in future we will not always have a piece of that. But in the very first TrackMan, we also had a camera in there for ease of use, so we can align the TrackMan. Four or five years ago, we took a completely new step. We're using the cameras as a tracking device. So now we are tracking both in radar as well as in camera data, computer vision. Will there be new technologies we'll be adding to this in the future and that we're exploring? Yes, big time.
The head of a golf club is lined up behind a golf ball on a tee. Behind it is the orange TrackMan device.
Klaus: The orange box is a good story. In the beginning we didn't have a lot of money. But we decided we wanted to use a little bit of money on product design. So we actually had the pleasure of meeting one of the key designers for the Danish hi-fi company called Bang & Olufsen. And he helped us shape the box and so on. But then he said, "You're going to make that box orange. If you make it orange, you're gonna own the orange color on the golf course." And that was fantastic advice. One of the best we ever had.
A man walks next to hedges, carrying a case labeled TrackMan.
Fredrik [off-screen]: One of the things that makes me super, super proud: If I or anybody else goes to a PGA tour event, European tour event, the full range is covered by orange boxes, TrackMans. And these are TrackMans that tour pros have purchased on their own.
An orange TrackMan device sits on the ground in front of a circular design made up of the names of professional golfers. Then, a golfer lines up a shot in front of the design.
Onscreen text: 90 of the top 100 golfers in the world have purchased their own TrackMan
The golfer swings the club.
Upbeat synthesized music.
Fredrik: We have never, ever, and will never give any TrackMans away for free.
A woman pulls a large cart full of boxed TrackMans through an office space.
Fredrik [off-screen]: This is state-of-the-art technology designed to provide the highest-level accuracy that tour players and equipment manufacturers so need.
Fredrik walks through the office space.
Onscreen text: Ask questions. Be engaged.
Onscreen text: [Charles Schwab logo] Own your tomorrow
Fredrik [off-screen]: If it's not against the laws of physics, it can be done.
Onscreen text: [Charles Schwab logo] [PGA Tour logo]
The Official Investment Firm
©2020 Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Member SIPC. (0420-05ZY)
Onscreen text: Thanks to TrackMan Cofounder Morten Eldrup-Jørgensen
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text:
|No one here is exactly what he appears
|~ G'Kar in 2258
|No dictator, no invader, can hold an imprisoned population by the force of arms forever. There is no greater power in the universe than the need for freedom. Against that power governments, and tyrants, and armies can not stand. The Centauri learned this lesson once. We will teach it to them again. Though it take a thousand years, we will be free!
|~ G'Kar's speech after Londo Mollari had him expelled from the council
G'Kar was a protagonist of the Babylon 5 series. Originally a somewhat villainous figure he evolved during his time on Babylon 5 to become a major religious figure amongst his people.
G'Kar was portrayed by the late Andreas Katsulas.
As a young man G'Kar's father was killed by the Centauri for spilling a drink on the mistress of the house where he and his family worked. G'Kar watched as his father died, strung up on a Jalwah tree. After his father died G'Kar ran away into the underground, and killed his first Centauri two days later.
G'Kar became a major resistance leader as the Centauri were driven from the Narn homeworld in 2231. Afterwards he became a member of the Kha'ri, or the Narn ruling council. He was appointed ambassador to Babylon 5 in 2256. Shortly after his arrival he angered the Minbari ambassador Delenn, who forced him to leave her quarters by using gravity rings against him. G'Kar would later be involved in a plot with renegade Minbari to discredit the station commander Jeffrey Sinclair.
Over the next couple years he engaged in a bitter feud against the Centauri, hoping for the day when they were anniliated. When the Shadow agent Mr. Morden asked G'Kar what he wanted, G'Kar's response that he wanted to Centauri destroyed and for the Narn to be safe. This led Morden to dismiss the Narn as a potential ally due to their insufficient desire for conquest, and instead turned to G'Kar's rival Mollari, turning the Centauri into a client race of the Shadows.
Due to his extensive study of the Book of G'Quan, G'Kar was one of the first people to suspect that the Shadows were returning to the galaxy after a 1,000 year absence. He tried to warn the others, including new B5 commander John Sheridan but without proof his concerns were initially dismissed.
With the Shadow support the Centauri were able to reoccupy the Narn homeworld in 2259. Expelled from the council, G'Kar was able to claim asylum on B5 when the Centauri demanded his arrest and extradition. G'Kar began a resistance effort against the Centuari from B5, with the B5 staff providing covert assistance.
G'Kar procuered the human drug dust and used it to force his way in to Mollari's mind, where he learned that Mollari was behind everything. While G'Kar was in a dust induced trance the Vorlon Ambassador Kosh Naranek made mental contact with him, and gave him a revelation. G'Kar took Mollari to med bay, then turned himself in to station security. G'Kar was sentenced to six months in prison for his assault on Mollari.
While in prison G'Kar began writing out his thoughts on the war and the vision he had experienced. At the time he estimated that it would be done by the time he got out of prison, but he spent most of the rest of his life writing what would become the Book of G'Kar.
Out of prison he helped the B5 command staff by convincing the local Narn population to help take over security after the Nightwatch security personnel were relieved of their duties and arrested. By then Delenn remarked he was not quite the same individual she met when she arrived three years ago.
G'Kar was brought in to the Army of Light after Delenn told the truth about how she refused to reveal what she knew when G'Kar began to suspect the return of the Shadows.
After Sheridan and Michael Garibaldi disappeared in early 2261 G'Kar set out to search for Garibaldi. He was captured and arrested by Centauri forces. While G'Kar was in the captivity of the insane Centauri Emperor Cartagia Mollari made a deal with him, where if he helped Mollari rid the Centauri of Cartagia then Mollari would have the Centauri withdraw from Narn forever. Over the next couple weeks G'Kar was tortured at the hands of Cartagia, culminating in the loss of his left eye when Cartagia had his guards cut G'Kar's eye out.
During his trial G'Kar broke free from the restraints, providing Mollari and his aide Vir the distraction they needed to assassinate Cartagia. Honoring his promise, Mollari had the Centauri withdraw from Narn.
G'Kar returned to Babylon 5 a short time later. There he was given an artificial eye by Dr. Stephen Franklin to compensate for the loss of his natural eye. G'Kar spent the next few months studiously avoiding Mollari and other Centauri, wanting to pretend they no longer existed in his universe.
When Earth Alliance President Clark began killing civilians, the B5 command staff decided it was time to use force to depose Clark. G'Kar agreed to sign a joint statement with Mollari in support of Sheridan's actions, but not on the same page. He and Mollari would later get the League of Non-Aligned Worlds to take a more active role in opposing Clark when Sheridan was captured, feeling they owed it to Sheridan to continue his quest to free the Earth Alliance from tyranny.
At the end of the Earth Alliance Civil War, G'Kar supported Delenn when she proposed disbanding the League of Non-Aligned Worlds and creating a new Interstellar Alliance. G'Kar sat on the Alliance's advisory board for many years, advising President John Sheridan as the new government began to take its first steps following its formation.
In the 2270s G'Kar went with Stephen Franklin to explore beyond the galactic rim. He would later return to help the Centauri in their struggle against the Drakh.
G'Kar died in 2278 while trying to end the life of Emperor Mollari at Mollari's request to prevent Mollari's keeper from taking action against Sheridan and his family. He was honored by the Centauri for his role in freeing them with a large gold statue placed at the gates of the capital that guarded the city against invaders.
- The idea of G'Kar with Franklin having gone beyond the rim was used in The Lost Tales to honor the late actors - Andreas Katsulas and Richard Biggs - who had portrayed the two characters.


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Our experts determine connections between buildings on a property with this method.This allows us to locate lateral drains.We can also use it to tell if your sewer is located in a sanitary position.If it is not located sanitarily, we would recommend that the sewer is relocated according to best practicesOur engineers also use this technique to know the level of damage noticed during CCTV survey.
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Give us a call and get the best quality service at an affordable price.Contact Us


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New to these forums & need to check before downloading, the difference between the Gnome, Mate etc versions. -- Once upon a time I had Ubuntu 9.10, with drop down boxes from the top & liked it. Then I later moved to Mint to get away from the (new) Unity desktop. - Mint 11 (mate) was good. It allowed me to set up Wobbly Windows super fast & easy, and it never played up. Then, as Mint moved on, they started stripping out the nice eyecandy features. Now Wobbly Windows are a pain & need to be re-set at every start-up. - There is an application for this but it does not work.
This aside, I like the look of Mint (mate) and choice of colours in themes etc, as well as their mate desktop. What worries me is that I have seen software running the mate banner, that drops down from the top, like the old Ubuntu 9.10, so there seems no consistency. -- I have wanted a site where I could try out all these looks.
As far as I can tell, I do not like KDE or XFCE desktops. - Can anyone enlighten me, and will Sabayon still give me Wobbly Windows, reliably. - I want to change as I do not like the direction Mint is heading in.-It is becoming less reliable, fixes are not getting done, it will not run Google Earth, Synaptic goes faulty...... It is getting worse, not better, and I have had enough.
I should add that I do not like these black background style of pages.
Regards all.
AMD A6, 5400K 3.6ghz
Radeon 6200 Turbocache graphics
Asus F285-M (UEFI) board.
Mate v Gnome v Kde etc
If you are new to Linux or new to Sabayon Linux and just not sure where to post, here ya go. Post without fear of being told to RTFM :)
Moderator: Moderators
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2 posts • Page 1 of 1
- Simple Hen
- Posts: 83
- Joined: Fri Jul 12, 2013 14:05
Re: Mate v Gnome v Kde etc
I think all you have to do is to install Compiz Fusion and use it as your window manager. Install it and try out compiz --replace (if I recall that correctly) to see if it works. Then install the compiz config panel and you have all eye candies you wish for.
sɹɐɯ uo əɟıɿ sı əɹəɥʇ -- ⠐⠮ ⠊⠎ ⠇⠊⠋⠑ ⠕⠝ ⠍⠜⠎⠖
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2 posts • Page 1 of 1


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Why Daloy Dance Company is hosting this event
Walang Hiya roughly translates as "shameless". It's a moral reproach used to control the behaviour of other people, particularly women. We chose this title for the first contact and body politics event we hosted, back in 2017, because we wanted to challenge this kind of control. We still do. Yes, we are shameless. Or at least we would like to be. We like this title because one of our aims with the Walang Hiya project is to reveal, work with, and heal some of the shame we hold in our bodies.
Patriarchy and class society, racism and colonial rule, and so on, have left different kinds of emotional wounds, instilled different kinds of shame, in different kinds of bodies. We see collective physical practice and consciousness-raising as a path towards healing and liberation.
We want to lift up and preserve what we find good about how people live on these islands. We appreciate this culture's capacity for collaboration, for creating a sense of "togetherness" and belonging. This is one of our strengths. We like the touchy-feelyness. We appreciate the healing and connecting potential of traditional forms of movement and bodywork.
But we are not only about celebrating Filipino culture, traditional or otherwise. Culture is a political issue. It's not some fixed thing passed down from our ancestors. It's a live issue. Who gets to define what is authentically Filipino, and who gets to decide what is traditional? We want a say in defining our culture through challenges and changes.
We welcome the challenge the idea of individual self-determination poses to the sometimes stifling collectivism of the way people live on these islands. We question this culture's hierarchies and constraints on personal freedom.
We celebrate the radical potential of the demand that an individual's life and body should be their own to decide over. The demand that everyone – including all poor people, all members of minority groups, all women, all minors… – should have power over everything to do with their body. That they should have the right to determine their personal boundaries.
This also means that people should not be put in a position where they have to defend their boundaries all the time. That's a right, too. In other words, we believe that more privileged people have a responsibility to contribute to creating spaces where people with less social power can feel safe, heard and seen.
This is some of the background to why we wanted to host a second event called Walang Hiya, again focusing on contact improvisation and body politics, this time with more teachers, most of them from across Asia. We are looking forward to this experiment!


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Basically I am watching the worldwide trending list and I would like to know how can I figure out the length of time Inception has been trending ?
Active 10 years ago
Viewed 75 times
TweetStats has a page with Trend Stats. If you hover over a bar in the bar graph it shows you the duration.
sweet ! 93.30 hours / 24 that puts it at approx 4 days of continuous trending ? – phwd♦ Jul 30 '10 at 18:35


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For first-time mom-to-be, Election Day is a crucible of labor
Can Tran
Nov 6, 2012 in
- Galicia Malone of Chicago broke her water upon arriving at her respective polling area. Instead of leaving to go to the hospital, Malone dealt with the pain in order to get her vote in.
Right now, the polls across the United States are coming to the close with each hour. During the voting process, anything can happen. In the case of Pennsylvania, that "anything" came in the form of various voting problems. In one case of Chicago, it had nothing to do with voter intimidation, fraudulent voting, malfunctioning voting machines, and so forth. In fact, this story has nothing to do with voting problems nor voting controversies.
In the case of mother-to-be
Galicia Malone
, either fate or God picked an interesting day for her water to be broken. Malone, 21 years old, was at the New Life Celebration Church early in the morning. The New Life Celebration Church was her designated voting place. Perhaps this seemed to be an omen of the sort as Malone's water broke on Election Day at a church that is called "New Life Celebration."
When Malone got the the polling area, her
water had already broke
. Malone, who was already in labor, didn't leave the polling area until she had already cast her vote. To Malone, this was very important to her. It was the first time that Malone had actually participated in her first presidential election. Bearing through the pain of child labor, Malone dealt with it. After voting, then Malone went to the hospital.
David Orr, the Cook County Clerk,
commended Malone
for wanting to cast her vote first instead of going to the hospital when in child labor. He praised Malone for showing a great example to her soon-to-be born child. Orr seemed to have wished that all the voters were just as driven Malone was. While this is her first time voting for the United States President, this is the
first time
Malone is giving birth to a child. Malone has seemingly made local history as first-time voter and first-time mother.
There is one question to ask: Who did Malone vote for: Barack Obama or Mitt Romney?
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Cancel your holiday free of charge up to 7 days before arrival or choose a new date!
We can't always plan ahead, that lesson we have learned. But fresh mountain air and the beautiful peaks should not be missing in your summer, dspite COVID-19! We start summer with a new flexibility and spontaneity. This is also what your holiday should be like. You can cancel free of charge up to 7 days before your arrival or choose a new date.
For summer 2020 the following cancellation conditions apply:
Super flexible and spontaneous.
Book your holiday without worries and risk - despite COVID-19
Super flexible and spontaneous.
Book your holiday without worries and risk - despite COVID-19
Freeride fun pure in Saalbach - discover with the bike´n soul guides the Glemmtal a on the most casual way! The best peaks in Saalbach Hinterglemm and Leogang are combined to the Big 5 or Magic 4 tour and will give you a special experience. 3 or 4 nights with a lot of fun and adrenalin.
3, 4 or 7 nights at eva,VILLAGE, "wild" surprise menu, sunrise hike with our guide, upgrade upon availability, etc.
Special 4=3 & 7=6 nights


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Company has rebranded the MassTracker Insertion Turbine Flowmeter to the RIM10 Rotor Insertion Flowmeter. The new brand will provide the same features and benefits as the former. The instrument combines measurements of mass or volumetric flow, density, temperature and pressure in one instrument. Typical applications include flow monitoring of steam and heat content calculations for chilled water and measurement of other liquids in line sizes from 3 to 80 in. (75 mm to 20,000 mmm). Hot-tappability makes possible installation and service without process shutdown. The unit produces a negligible pressure drop, reducing energy and operation costs. The low-mass rotor design is fabricated from a single solid block of stainless steel with no welded joints. There are 6 field-installable cartridges with different turbine pitches and NIST traceability. This field configuration versatility, combined with a wide 25:1 turndown, enables the flowmeter to match flow rate accurately.
Spirax Sarco, Inc., www.spiraxsarco.com/us


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Congratulations to our very own Elliott McPherson who has been nominated for an OSCA (Outstanding Services to Cricket Award), an award ceremony held by Surrey County Cricket Club, to recognise the hard work that he has put in at Woking and Horsell this season. OSCAs are awarded in a range of categories to highlight the many hours of voluntary work done across the county.
Elliot has been nominated as a Young Volunteer (14-18 year old category). His nomination is as follows:
"Elliott is still only 17 years old, but for the past three years has been helping to coach the younger children, regularly supporting their training on a Friday night, before his own training starts. He is often seen playing kwik cricket with the younger kids well after training has finished. He has started to play open age cricket in the past two years and this season took on the captaincy of our Sunday team, who have also entered the T20 Sunday Slam, alongside 40 over matches. He is the youngest regular captain in the club's history and already making his mark as both captain and player. He is regularly playing in our Saturday 2nd XI too. Elliott lives and breathes cricket. It is rare not to see him at the club on any night where there is cricket. If he isn't playing or coaching, he can be found watching. He is definitely one of our key clubmen already, despite his tender years."
The award ceremony takes place on Sunday 18 August at the Kia Oval. We wish him the very best of luck.
We have arranged a friendly 20/20 match v our very near neighbours, The Squash Club at Brewery Road on Friday 2nd August starting at 6pm.
This is a social event for all at the club so please come along and support and bring friends and family too. The BBQ will be fired up so the more the merrier and hopefully the weather will be good to us.
The bar will be open from 5pm.
We will need some volunteers to help run the bar and BBQ for an hour at a time. Again please contact Keith if you are able to help out.
The first 250 Club draw has take place. Congratulations to the following winners:
£50 - Colin Honey
£25 - Martin Raybould
£20 - Matt Wilson
£15 - Nick Tune
At Woking & Horsell, one area where we are really successful is our colts section of the club with boys age groups from under 6s all the way up to under 17s. We also have an ever growing all girls squad that spans over 5 school years, with over 300 children involved in playing cricket every week.
Such success was recently rewarded by none other than Chris Rowley, the Regional Youth Participation Executive at the ECB.
He gifted W&HCC tickets for a group of parents and colts to attend the CWC19 game between India v Australia at SCCC Headquarters, the Kia Oval, in London.
Neil McPherson, our Colts Chairman, was delighted to invite current and previous Bedser Scholarship Winners, Jude Silverton, Alex McPherson, Frederick Carter & Sami Salim, plus several players in their final year at the club as Colts, most of whom have played since the age of 8 and are now 17. A number of parent helpers and coaches also attended for an extremely enjoyable day.
A lot of people put a lot of work in behind the scenes to ensure that we can all have an enjoyable game of cricket at the weekend. From the committee, to those tending the ground, to everyone making teas, to those running the bar.
We all have a responsibility to assist that hard work by helping to keep the club clean and tidy after every single match by putting away chairs and taking glasses and rubbish back to the bar. There have been several instances already this season of the club having been left in a mess after a game.
It is OUR club and our job to keep it tidy no matter which team we are playing for that day. Please encourage others to do the same. Thank you.
In addition to this, we also require some bar help for various parties that we hold over the summer. They are a key source of income to the club and help keep the price of cricket lower than it may otherwise be.
If you can assist the running of the bar on any of these dates please can you let Trevor Woods know...
Thursday 4th July from 5pm
Thursday 25th July from 5pm
Friday 26th July from 4pm
Monday 29th July from 4pm
Friday 2nd August from 5pm
Friday 9th August from 1pm
Sat 14th September from 7pm


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For Lt Col Bharat Pannu, celebration after pedalling over 4,000 km on an indoor trainer to complete the Race Across America (RAAM) meant sleeping once again like normal people.
In cycling circles, RAAM is considered to be one of the toughest races. The coronavirus outbreak this year forced the organisers to hold it `virtually', where cyclists from across the world competed against each other on indoor trainers.
Unlike the more famous Tour de France which unfolds in stages, the clock is always ticking in RAAM, and a cyclist has to ration the sleep hours to finish the race in the allotted time.
In normal RAAM cyclists are up against elements as they ride across the United States: desert heat, cold mountain passes, unpredictable winds.
In virtual race, these were missing, but there were many other challenges, and the lack of experience of cycling for long hours indoors made it more difficult, said Col Pannu who finished the race on Sunday evening, after 12 days.
"In outdoor, you tend to swing your body more by coming out of the seat often. No such luxuries are available indoors because the cycle frame is mounted on a stand," he told PTI while driving back to his base of Army aviation wing in Bengaluru from Pune where he raced.
`Team Pannu' (every cyclist in RAAM has a support team) initially could not get his nutrition right. He was supposed to consume 250-300 calories in liquid form per hour, but on the third day, they realized that Col Pannu had lost 4 kgs, which meant he was losing calories faster than he was consuming.
It forced them to double his intake to 450-500 calories per hour by including solid food.
"Our trainer set-up was in the drawing-room, and I was continuously wolfing down omelets, daliya and khichdi prepared in the kitchen next door," he said, thanking his seven-member crew who slept for only five hours a day.
He took his first sleep break – of just 90 minutes–after cycling for 38 hours. During the 12 days of race, he had only 11 sleep breaks of 90 or 180 minutes.
In the room where he raced, there were five screens including one showing simulated race route, fans to keep him cool and cameras to record his movements round the clock.
During the 12 days of racing, he was completely disconnected from the outside world. It was only after finishing the race that he learnt about 20 Indian soldiers dying in eastern Ladakh during a clash with Chinese troops.
As per the RAAM leaderboard, Col Pannu stood fourth among 22 riders. Before him, only three Indian riders had finished the race in its over three-decade history.
Col Pannu had planned to participate in the last year's RAAM, but he suffered a fracture during a practice ride in the US before the race and had to drop out.
"This success is unbelievable and I owe it to my dedicated team which has been with me for four years," Col Pannu, who also raised money for underprivileged children through the race, said.
With the "vacation" over, he will be joining duty from Friday. The immediate priority, he says, is to recover from exhaustion.
📣 The Indian Express is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines
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Chinese lanterns displayed at shops by street, Scenery of south back street, Back South street, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province of People's Republic of China
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Free Newsletter
HHS chief promises cell-based flu vax in 2011
HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius says that the agency's $487 million contract with Novartis is helping spur development of a new cell-based flu vaccine that is scheduled to be on the market in time for the 2011/2012 flu season. But Novartis officials say they can't commit to that timetable as long as the FDA remains in control of vaccine approvals.
Novartis is "scheduled to be online to apply for licensing early in 2011 for cell-based seasonal vaccine, and a licensed vaccine is expected to be marketed for the 2011-12 flu season," Sebelius told a Senate committee, according to a report from CIDRAP.
If so, the arrival of a cell-based flu vaccine would mark a major step forward in the country's efforts to upgrade the technology used in developing and manufacturing huge quantities of vaccines. The U.S. has yet to license a cell-based vaccine, unlike Europe. Sebelius committed HHS to modernizing the field and gaining more American manufacturing operations after the swine flu pandemic revealed just how slowly it can take to arm a country against a virus.
"Novartis plans to file for cell-based vaccine technology in the US in the first half of 2011," the company confirmed, "but approval is contingent upon FDA review, so we cannot confirm when cell-based vaccines would be on the market in the US."
- here's the story from CIDRAP
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