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The Benefits of Indoor Plants - Sustainable Gardening Australia
The Benefits of Indoor Plants
Adjunct Professor Margaret Burchett at the University of Technology Sydney led a number of trials with plants placed inside large airtight glass containers or chambers.
Common pollutant chemicals were pumped into the containers and the researchers were astonished at how much of the pollution was gobbled up – totally gone. It turned out that the microbes in the potting mix in association with the plant were doing the work.
Three large pot plants per room (that's floor-standing sized plants like these) are enough to clean the air to the point where contaminants are negligible.
. . .
In what Professor Burchett terms a "dungeon" (basement) or window-tight situation, there is a toxic mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in indoor air. Although these compounds are present indoors in low individual concentrations, they are capable of producing toxic symptoms in humans — and the cocktail can be addictive, or even synergistic in its effects.
. . .
Dominant VOC toxicity symptoms are sore eyes, nose and throat; a feeling of dizziness; loss of concentration; headaches; mild nausea; faint disorientation; and mildly depersonalised feelings. These are the same symptoms present in "sick building syndrome" or "building-related illness".
. . .
can achieve a complete removal of VOCs in 24 hours in a closed chamber with no ventilation, and a 10 to 20 per cent reduction in flow-through conditions.
These removal rates rise with increasing VOC concentrations, which have been tested from five to 1000 parts per million in the case of benzine (where the occupational maximum indoor concentration in Australia is five ppm, averaged over an eight-hour day)
. . .
. . .
it was found that pot plants reduced by one third the build-up of nitrogen oxides in houses with gas fires and stoves, which produce these compounds.
A recent Swedish study to improve the indoor environment in an x-ray unit situated in a hospital "dungeon", demonstrated conclusively that pot plants not only achieved a substantial reduction in total VOCs in the indoor air but also reduced worker absenteeism by 60 per cent.
According to Professor Burchett, UTS research has confirmed the potential of potted plants as a portable, mass-marketable, integrated biofiltration system to improve indoor air quality.
"Urban dwellers often spend more than 80 per cent of their time indoors, so indoor air quality is a major health consideration. Potted plants will be increasingly used as a flexible indoor biofiltration system, as well as for beautifying indoor spaces."
The World Health Organisation report, The Right to Healthy Indoor Air, published in 2000, highlights increasing recognition of a legal obligation on the part of owners and managers to supply healthy air for the occupants, and consequently the trend to using customised plant boxes as part of that solution has already commenced in some countries.
See also http://www.aih.org.a...ript_040305.pdf for a transcript of a talk Prof Burchett gave to the Australian Institute of Horticulture
We need a trillion more indoor plants.
Posted 13 May 2007 - 03:32 AM
Posted 13 May 2007 - 05:18 AM
It would be excellent if plants became a totally integral part of the house. Perhaps it would be possile to genetically engineer plants specifically for the purpose of household atmospheric cleaning?
(Cool idea for science fiction in any case.)
Posted 13 May 2007 - 06:18 AM
the only hard part with this is not all houses are light enough. in cold climates, lots of windows (good light) would lead to lost heat and you would need to use more power, more greenhouse gases, to heat your house (unless your the proactive type and buy a sweater).
i have recently planted a few hundred seeds of various plants, so i guess we only need 999,999,999,700 more
Posted 13 May 2007 - 06:36 AM
Didn't know plants got rid of VOCs.
It would be excellent if plants became a totally integral part of the
Apart from soaking up co2
News in Science - Indoor plants improve office air - 28/08/2002
Indoor plants improve office air
Wednesday, 28 August 2002
Sydney researchers have found that indoor plants improve the air quality of rooms with little or no airflow.
A team led by Adjunct Professor Margaret Burchett at the University of Technology, Sydney, have found that common indoor potted plants such as the Peace Lily and the Kentia Palm improve indoor air by reducing levels of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs.
The scientists found that indoor plants reduce VOCs by up to 100 per cent over 24 hours in a closed environment.
VOCs include compounds such as benzene and hexane, and are known to be toxic to humans at high levels. They are present at low levels in many indoor environments. Some, like benzene, make their way inside buildings through pollution from traffic outside. Others are present as a result of their use in paints, carpeting, and furniture fabric, especially in new or recently refurbished buildings.
According to Dr Stephen Brown of CSIRO Built Environment, VOCs can contribute to 'sick building syndrome' — a phenomenon in which a higher proportion of occupants experience symptoms such as dry eyes, dry nose and throat, headache, lethargy, and nausea.
Flowers & Plants Improve Workplace Productivity
Research Findings: Overall and Men vs. Women
In an eight-month study, the Texas A&M University research team explored the link between flowers and plants and workplace productivity. Participants performed creative problem solving tasks in a variety of common office environments, or conditions. The conditions included a workplace with flowers and plants, a setting with sculpture and an environment with no decorative embellishments.
During the study, both women and men demonstrated more innovative thinking, generating more ideas and original solutions to problems in the office environment that included flowers and plants. In these surroundings, men who participated in the study generated 15% more ideas. And, while males generated a greater abundance of ideas, females generated more creative, flexible solutions to problems when flowers and plants were presen
Posted 13 May 2007 - 08:10 AM
Flowers & Plants Improve Workplace Productivity
Alexandra de Blas: Imagine city skyscrapers, covered in greenery that you can walk up like mountains. Green facades, instead of granite, and rows of apartments concealed by shrubbery and mounds of earth. Well that�s happening, and Emillio Ambnasz is one of the leaders in the field. He�s been designing buildings like this for three decades. An Argentinian by birth, his New York based firm creates radical buildings that put green over grey across the globe.
Emillio Ambasz: I believe that land belongs to all and a building that occupies a piece of land should give back the land to the community and should give it back in the form of gardens, which are accessible to everybody.
Second, I think that the emotional needs that people have for decoration, for ornament, are provided certainly by plants.
People like plants and feel peaceful close to plants, and serenity with plants. Also there are a number of very practical advantages if the building is covered with plants or with earth or with flowers or anything of that sort, it can reduce the amount of heat that goes into the building, so it becomes much cheaper to maintain the building because it doesn�t require so much heating or cooling. It purifies the air outside. It is a situation where every party wins.
Research: Biophilia
"The indoor trees must provide the same sensations that I am feeling now [in Planterra's greenhouses]: relaxed, breathing fresh air and enjoying the sights of natural green sculpture," says Purd'homme.
"The earth made these trees, not a factory" he continues, suggesting that if he wanted a fourteen-foot sculpture or furniture piece it would cost a whole lot more than a tree. He adds, "That's the financial bottom line. We must rediscover how to responsibly enjoy nature's gifts."
Health Benefits of Gardens in Hospitals
TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY, Dr. Roger S. Ulrich
Prompted by soaring hospital construction cost, the College of Architecture and Medicine at Texas A&M University conducted a joint study on the influences of plants in hospitals and healthcare facilities. The study found that the presence of plants in hospitals improves client and staff satisfaction. Dr. Ulrich discovered that simply viewing nature and green garden scenes can relive stress in 5 minutes or less.
For more information read, Dr. Ulrich Symposium
Research: Biophilia
Curative Benefits
Therapeutic gardens are spaces created to benefit a specific user, such as residences in cancer center. The gardens are designed for both mental and physical relaxation.
According to the American Horticultural Therapy Association, the benefits of therapeutic garden environments have been understood since ancient times.
In the 19th century, Dr, Benjamin Rush, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and considered the "Father of American Psychiatry," asserted that garden settings hold curative effects for people with mental illness. Some benefits include reduced stress, lower blood pressure and exposure to vitamin D from the sun.
Many hospital spokespeople say gardens are an escape for patients to reclaim their dignity, noting that nature provides universal familiarity and comfort.
lots of info at this site
Sache echoes these kinds of consideration for patients based on the medical oath, "Do no harm." The landscape must be safe for the population "the more plants the better," she says. The lusher the garden, the more likely patients will be able to mentally escape.
Flexibly and water are the next suggestion on Carman and Sachs' list. The garden should be able to evolve and adapt to the needs of the users. Carman acknowledges that some facilities have budgeted for changes better than others, and having good donors can certainly help.
Based on "our primordial relationship" with water, Sachs suggests adding a water feature. Even adding a small fountain in the waiting room can calm patients by helping to mask the unpleasant sounds sometimes associated with medical facilities.
Planterra - Interior Landscapes
Posted 27 May 2007 - 08:09 AM
Imagine every city roof with a garden!
This is a good start and example
SF Gate: Multimedia (image)
A GARDEN IN THE SKY / S.F. museum's roof puts green building techniques to the test
San Francisco Chronicle
S.F. museum's roof puts green building techniques to the test
Carl T. Hall, Chronicle Science Writer
Saturday, May 12, 2007
The roof of the California Academy of Sciences building p... Beach strawberries are among the nine species of native p... Cooper Scollan of Rana Creek Wholesale Nursery in Carmel ... A self-sustaining, colorful top to the new California Aca... More...
Work crews are about to start planting the roof of the new California Academy of Sciences museum in Golden Gate Park -- an architectural capstone that also qualifies as one of the world's most ambitious biodiversity experiments.
Posted 27 May 2007 - 06:45 PM
In all, the shopping center will have 47,180 square feet of retail space on the first floor and 20,250 square feet of office space on the second floor of the two-story building. Additional parking will be offered in an underground garage.
The green roof will encompass about 40,000 square feet, making it by far the largest green roof in the southeastern Pennsylvania area. Other green roofs in the area include a planned 18,000-square-foot green roof on the new headquarters of Dansko Inc. in Jennersville. The state Department of Environmental Protection's office in Norristown has a 688-square-foot green roof. There is also a green roof on a private residence in Kennett Square and at the Kimberton-Waldorf School.
Posted 27 May 2007 - 09:27 PM
i still wonder about some of those plants usefulness as air cleaners. some need much light....and things like cacti grow so slowly, how can they clean the air much (referring to some of the pics with cacti in their office). pretty, yes, useful not really.
Posted 28 May 2007 - 01:05 AM
nice roof gardens! i tried that and ended up with a leaky cracked concrete roof....now i just keep green decks
Yes I had problems too mainly because my Crazy Irish Electrician cut a hole in the roof to put the electrical wiring in.
Me: Talking to him on the roof looking at a 4 foot diameter hole.
"But I have spent thousands putting the power underground Look down there":angryfire:
"How am I going to waterproof this!!!
I doon't know. It ain't go'n ta be easy"
Never did water proof it, leaked down into the power box no-matter what I did
I did this 25 years ago and roof waterproofing polymers have gone a long way since then. They were hard to find when I was building. (You can always use copper sheets-talk to me first.)
Another Crazy Irish Electrician story.
He was very high up on tip-toe on top of a ladder putting in a light-fitting when the was a tremendous BOOM!
He was thrown though the air for about 30 feet
He picked himself up; shook his head; and said
"I must remember to use an insulated screw driver." (TRUE STORY, I aged 10 years building. The builder helping me was also retarded. My answer if I din't know something as to go and find out. His answer to anything that didn't work was to bung a six inch nail in it.
MORAL hire a German electrician not an Irish one( or never build anything.)
Good question; Glad you asked.
I still wonder about some of those plants usefulness as air cleaners. some need much light....and things like cacti grow so slowly, how can they clean the air much (referring to some of the pics with cacti in their office). pretty, yes, useful not really.
Here is some work that NASA has done on plants. (formaldehyde has been banned in alot of countries now but it was/is/ a major air-pollutant in office blocks.) recently the ABC closed down one of it's buildings as a dozen women came down with breast cancer. The prof who investigated it said the chances of that happing by chance was more than a billion to one.
More here:_
NASA Study shows common plants help reduce indoor air pollution....
Common indoor plants may provide a valuable weapon in the fight against rising levels of indoor air pollution.
Those plants in your office or home are not only decorative, but NASA scientists are finding them to be surprisingly useful in absorbing potentially harmful gases and cleaning the air inside modern buildings.
NASA and the Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA) have announced the findings of a 2-year study that suggest a sophisticated pollution-absorbing device: the common indoor plant may provide a natural way of helping combat "SICK BUILDING SYNDROME".
. . .
Philodendron, spider plant and the golden pothos were labeled the most effective in removing formaldehyde molecules.
Flowering plants such as gerbera daisy and chrysanthemums were rated superior in removing benzene from the chamber atmosphere.
Other good performers are Dracaena Massangeana, Spathiphyllum, and Golden Pothos. "Plants take substances out of the air through the tiny openings in their leaves," Wolverton said.
"But research in our laboratories has determined that plant leaves, roots and soil bacteria are all important in removing trace levels of toxic vapors".
. . .
TOP 10 plants most effective in removing: formaldehyde, benzene, and carbon monoxide from the air.
Common Name Scientific Name
Bamboo Palm Chamaedorea Seifritzii
Chinese Evergreen Aglaonema Modestum
English Ivy Hedera Helix
Gerbera Daisy Gerbera Jamesonii
Janet Craig Dracaena "Janet Craig"
Marginata Dracaena Marginata
Mass cane/Corn Plant Dracaena Massangeana
Mother-in-Law's Tongue Sansevieria Laurentii
Pot Mum Chrysantheium morifolium
Peace Lily Spathiphyllum "Mauna Loa"
Warneckii Dracaena "Warneckii
NASA Study - Plants Clean the Air!!!
More HERE: (There is a good chart at this site showing where the main pollutants come from and the best plants for getting rid of each one.
Plants "Clean" Air Inside Our Homes
A team of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) researchers lead by Dr. Bill Wolverton tested the effect of fifteen house plants on three pollutants known to be present in spacecrafts.
These same three pollutants--benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene--are present in homes and office buildings.
They occur because they are emitted from furnishings, office equipment and some building materials.
Under controlled conditions, in the NASA study, certain houseplants were found to remove as much as 87 percent of indoor air pollutants within 24 hours.
. . .
NASA is having trouble funding future research This is a experiment (propaganda) exercise for kids
:: NASA Quest > Space ::
Teaming Up on Space Plants
More NASA
Indoor Air Quality in Florida: Houseplants to Fight Pollution
After 24 hours, spider plants removed:
After 24 hours, Golden pothos removed:
Third photo across is plants growing in space:alien:
If we can grow them in space we can grow them anywhere.
Leafy Green Astronauts
Right: When building a "greenhouse" in space, the light source needs to be as efficient as possible to reduce energy demands. This picture shows wheat growing under Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) -- the same technology used for indicator lights in consumer electronics. LEDs save energy by only releasing light in frequencies that plants can use for photosynthesis.
Some Australian Research
Indoor plants taking up volatile organic compounds :: ABC Melbourne
"It is important to know that indoor plants can reduce the number of contaminants by up to 75% down to completely negligible levels," she said on 774 ABC Melbourne's Saturday Morning Gardening segment. "As far as we know, any standard indoor plant will do it, because it's mainly the micro organisms of the potting mix which actually do the sucking up and degrading them harmless carbon dioxide. The plant does play a direct role, but its main task is feeding and supporting the micro organisms, and so you have a little microcosm there, a symbiotic relationship with the plants and microbes cooperating."
To me that sounds like a Terra preta style potting mix would be ideal!!
This is about the ABC 'sick building' I mentioned
7.30 Report - 21/12/2006: ABC to shut down Brisbane HQ amid cancer concerns
ABC to shut down Brisbane HQ amid cancer concerns
Reporter: Kathy McLeish
HEATHER EWART: In a dramatic and unprecedented move, the ABC has announced that its Brisbane headquarters is being shut down.
Relocation of hundreds of staff is already under way after experts confirmed high levels of breast cancer among workers.
Posted 03 June 2007 - 12:49 AM
House & Home - Life & Style Home - theage.com.au
It's time to bring the dirt inside as indoor plants become the latest retro fashion.
Consider the fiddler's fig, named because its cabbage-sized leaves are shaped vaguely like a violin. It grows to a towering six metres. "They are a design feature in themselves," Unsworth says.
Wollemi pines, he says, work well in bright areas and their towering size and prehistoric, round leaves make for a striking room feature. Such singular, oversized statement plants are ideal for light wells and atriums.
The best way to use indoor plants, he says, is by "keeping it simple and, if you are using more than one plant, using just one species". Unsworth suggests a row of identical miniature ponytail palms on a window sill or giant mondo grass massed in a long trough-shaped vase or dish for a "lush and grassy" effect.
The indoor gardener must always pay attention. Plants should be kept inside "for no more than two weeks then give them a bit of sun outside. But be careful when you put [plants] outside that you don't shock them by putting them in bright sunshine."
Garden designer Peter Fudge also has advice. "I suggest you double up on chosen plants and swap them over, giving each some time outside."
Posted 29 June 2007 - 07:48 AM
The growth of high-rise gardens: Let a thousand rooftops bloom - Independent Online Edition > Asia
The growth of high-rise gardens: Let a thousand rooftops bloom
A dazzling horticultural revolution is breaking out over south-east Asia, as cities discover the many benefits that gardens can bring to the 21st-century urban environment.
. . .
A surgeon called Arthur van Langenberg has become the poet laureate and brave champion of urban gardening - and is on a mission to show that living in Hong Kong does not mean abandoning your connection to nature. He was surprised to discover there was no manual on how to garden in the city, so in 1983 he published Urban Gardening for Hong Kong.
In 2005 he published a follow-up called Urban Gardening: A Hong Kong Gardener's Journal. Dr van Langenberg's works look at some of the challenges of gardening in a high-rise environment.
Some avowed enemies include birds, dogs, cats and sceptical neighbours. His own simple beginnings commenced with "flower pots on window sills, wooden packing crates in verandahs, dragon urns at entrances, eventually graduating to a small garden"
. . .
Wilson Wong, 28, started the Green Culture website in September 2004, which provides information for local horticulturalists.
. . .
The website has helped Mr Wong to develop his own skills, allowing him to grow plants under fluorescent lights and even start to cultivate flowers, the first one being the flame violet (Episcia), as well as learn the basics of landscaping and about outdoor plants. The website forum has attracted more than 1,500 high-rise gardeners in Singapore, seeking advice and looking to track down seeds, swap plant cuttings and generally enjoy the community of other green-fingered enthusiasts. Late last year, he started a community garden near his home.
Last month Singapore unveiled Treelodge@Punggol, its first "green" housing estate. Plants growing on the walls keep the 712 apartments inside the seven 16-storey tower blocks cool and pleasant. On top is an eco-deck, a large garden with a jogging track and exercise stations.
. .
The government is keen to plant more trees before the Olympic Games in Beijing next year to help break down pollution and stop dust from the Gobi desert choking the dry city during the summer. The city plans to plant 510,000 trees in the Olympic Forest Park near the Olympic stadium..
An inspiring article worth a read
the "west" is being left behind eating it's own dust.
Posted 07 July 2007 - 09:03 AM
A very interesting and straightforward paper. Particularly, I think, the finding that a specific concentration of total volatile organic compounds – about 100 parts per billion – is necessary to "kick start the metabolic induction process for VOC removal", indicating that the process is an interactive, dynamic one rather than a passive one, as one might expect from plants.
…See also http://www.aih.org.a...ript_040305.pdf for a transcript of a talk Prof Burchett gave to the Australian Institute of Horticulture
The obvious implication of the experiments Burchett, Wood, Orwell, Tarran, Torpy, and Alquezar's paper describe is that common potted plants (the plants, not their soil) can effectively remove common VOCs – very useful, especially in buildings such as leased commercial offices, where the tenants have little control over VOC sources such as building materials.
The link in post one appears broken – I found Burchett, Wood, Orwell, Tarran, Torpy, and Alquezar's paper at its last (10/4/2006) archive.org page.
Posted 17 July 2007 - 02:36 AM
Have you seen anything else?
Unfortunately I find indoor plants boring. They rarely flower, you can't eat, smell or use them medicinally.
Whenever i try to buy wide spectrum lights to fit into my conventional fittings (in order to grow more interesting plants indoors) people look at me strangely and often wink. Bizarre!
I saw an amazing array of LED? lights at a NASA site. I don't know what they are using but I am too scared to ask in case the Fuzz knocks at the door
Indoor plants might just save our, or our progeny's life and/or health
Air Pollution Linked to Genetic Mutations
by Ken Kostel
62: Air Pollution Linked to Genetic Mutations | Environment | DISCOVER Magazine
More than 10 years ago, Jim Quinn, a behavioral ecologist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, determined that herring gulls nesting near steel mills around the Great Lakes displayed higher heritable mutation rates than their rural cousins. In May Quinn and one of his students, Chris Somers, were finally able to pin the blame on airborne particles just a few micrometers in diameter.
They found that offspring born from male mice exposed to industrial air pollution showed twice the mutation rate of those whose fathers breathed rural or filtered polluted air.
The most likely cause, Quinn says, are small particles that can carry known mutation-causing compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, deep into the lungs. Because particulates as well as polycyclic hydrocarbons are found in cigarette smoke, it's likely that smoking could cause similar mutations.
The changes that Quinn saw showed up in genomic segments once known as junk DNA because they do not appear to code for necessary life functions. However, many of these regions are believed to play a role in diseases such as type 1 diabetes and Huntington's disease.
A separate study that examined 18 years of data on the prevalence of neurological diseases worldwide concluded that environmental factors may also contribute to disorders like Parkinson's disease.
Quinn is now looking more closely at the link between air pollution and mutations handed down from females. Because males continually produce fresh sperm, the apparent mutagenic effect of air pollution starts to disappear when they begin breathing clean air again. But in females, eggs are produced while an individual is still a fetus, raising the possibility that exposure to airborne pollutants in utero could cause lasting damage.
"There are many reasons other than mutations to be concerned about air pollution," Quinn says. "This just adds strength to the argument that we need to do something about it."
I haven't seen any specific stuff on plants and PAHs
High Amounts of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Found in Dust from The World Trade Tower Disaster - DERT
Implication: PAHs are classified as probable human carcinogens.
Evaluation of ambient air concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Germany from 1990 to 1998
The group of PAHs comprises hundreds of individual chemicals. In environmental compartments, usually only a few compounds are monitored because of practical and financial reasons
Posted 19 July 2007 - 08:16 AM
Unfortunately I find indoor plants boring. They rarely flower, you can't eat, smell or use them medicinally.
an indoor plant is just a plant that is indoor, whether its useful or not, its all up to you to use it. look into other species. i can think of a few edible herbs, fruits, "special", fragrant, flowering blah blah blah plants that will do fine indoors under various circumstances...many times you will not need to change your bulbs, cause they are so far away anyway it makes little difference. your sliding glass door, or window is a great source, and glass only filters X% of UV and certain colours out.
i always thought a cool experiment (non probable i know) would be to grow a long stretch, few KM, of a single specie of plant then another few km of another etc etc. have it say 1/2 km wide and have it somewhere where the wind consistently blew through the line in the same direction. have various ways of detecting various chemicals/gases on both sides and see which one is filtered more effectively. be a fun game if i you were rich. and i am sure there are much smaller methods like this being done.
Posted 12 August 2007 - 07:29 PM
I have been reading up on it but everyone thinks your a hydroponic MJ grower
I found a fascinating article from NASA from 2001.
You would think the technology would have moved on even from then
I have tried to track down more info but with much luck
It would be nice to just plug in wide-spectrum lights to my standard old house fittings.
And while a human expedition outside Earth orbit still might be years away, the space farming efforts are ultimately aimed at developing artificial light sources that promise to help make future explorers self-sufficient at space colonies on the moon, Mars or beyond.
Leafy Green Astronauts
"We know for a long-duration mission, say going to Mars, that there will be too much launch mass involved in order to take everything you need," said Gregory Goins, a research scientist with Dynamac Corp., the life sciences contractor here at NASA's coastal Florida spaceport.
"You just can't put enough in the picnic basket to survive."
So Goins and other Space Age gardeners are testing two high-efficiency light sources that future space colonists might use not only to grow food but also to generate and purify oxygen and water -- key sustainers of human life.
The removal of carbon dioxide from a closed environment is another added benefit.
"Plants are the only way we know of where we can generate enough food, water and oxygen to support humans for such a long flight because we know re-supply is not an option. And so plants are a very appealing approach to use," Goins said.
"But in order to use plants, you must have an energy source, and that energy source is light," he added. "And the lights we use in our homes are not energy efficient enough to get the job done. So that's why we're developing these innovative technology lights."
"Standard light sources that we use in homes and in greenhouses and in growth chambers for controlled agriculture here on Earth are not efficient enough for space travel. Not only that, they don't last a very long time," Goins said.
"And in space, heat is like trash. You make it, and you've got to get rid of it, so we don't want heat. We want light."
In recent years, dramatic improvements in lighting technology have provided NASA and its support contractors with new means to develop low-power space-farming systems that will last the life of a building -- or a greenhouse on the surface of Mars.
Working in plant growth chambers the size of walk-in refrigerators, Goins and other plant physiologists here are experimenting with blue and red Light Emitting Diodes, or LEDs, to grow salad plants such as lettuce and radishes.
Similar to devices now used to manufacture advanced traffic lights, the LEDs enable researchers to eliminate other wavelengths found within normal white light, thus reducing the amount of energy required to power the plant growth lamps.
The LEDs generate less heat, and while leaves take on a black hue due to the lack of green light to reflect, the plants grow normally and taste the same as those raised in white light.
Lettuce and LEDs: Shedding New Light On Space Farming
Another bonus: The LEDs can last the length of a round-trip mission to Mars, unlike incandescent or fluorescent bulbs, which require frequent replacement.
Research scientist Greg Goins of Dynamac Corp. demonstrates the sulfur microwave lamp that provides continuous broad spectrum white light to plants. It can be adjusted to be twice the brightness of the noon sun on earth. © 2001, Tim Shortt, FLORIDA TODAY.
A second long-lasting light source being tested here: Sulfur Microwave Lamps.
Twice as efficient as other high-intensity sources, the microwave lamps can generate as much light as the noonday sun. The light in fact is so bright that it can be funneled through pipes and then distributed over large areas, such as a hothouse on the Martian highlands.
Has anyone heard of this technology?
Has it gone anywhere? The above article is over 6 years old.
Is it commercially available?
I would imagine the lights would use small amounts of power or could run on solar panels(?)
It would not only be good for my house but would help get a lot more plants into offices and also more interesting varieties into Commercial Buildings.
You may even be able to grow your own lunch!
Would it also solve our vitamin D deficiency problems?
Posted 14 August 2007 - 05:56 AM
LED is the future, and even now it is fairly cheap (similar to the more expensive flouro units here).
as for indoor plants i still think that either plant rotation (that knocks off 9/10 people cause we are a lazy specie) and/or lighting. or more windows which will no doubt change heating/cooling costs....
i tried having plants inside here, and it looked great...but every pot will soon have an ants nest...back outside.
Posted 14 August 2007 - 06:09 AM
They had led "Party Lights" which were infra red!?
The package warned they could cause burning (sunburn?)
About $15 each
They were 20W equivalent to 100W
They were black.
Would these be better for plants?
Cant, imagine what they would look like


text:
Wrestling Wraps Up Weekend Tournament
January 23, 2020
This past Saturday, the Desert Oasis wrestling team had a home varsity tournament. The wrestlers went against 5 teams. Varsity team captain, Antonio Garcia, had a total of 4 wins and a loss.
"I think I worked very hard during this weekends matches, but I can definitely improve a lot more," Antonio Garcia said.
The team went against very competitive teams. Varsity had multiple losses and wins that afternoon.
"We have higher expectations for the next match but we fought very hard this past Saturday." Antonio Garcia said.
The next varsity match will be at Chapparal on Friday, the 24th at 3:00pm.
Hiii! So I guess I'll start of with my name? I'm Ann-ya. I'm in the 10th grade this year. Half-way outta prison- I mean school. Exercise is non-existent...
Hi guys :) my name's Madison, but I go by Madi. My life consists of binge watching Dance Moms and having mental breakdowns but you guy's probably don't...

subset: commoncrawl


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text: > For all you trying to get a better understanding of Linux I suggest > that you make a very small partition so that you can duel boot and > install Gentoo Linux the long way. You might not get a working system > the first time but I guarantee you will learn a LOT! Don't think of > this as a one weekend project but a month long one, done one hour at a > time. It is fun and the system you end up with will be very fast. (at > the cost of lots of hours of your time). It is a great way to learn > Linux basics like a true hacker and come to love what Ubuntu has done > for you. > Douglas I think I might do that, since I'm completely new to Linux and keep getting crypitc errors when I try boot a Kubuntu live CD. How would I go about that? On 9/18/07, Billie Walsh <bilwalsh at swbell.net> wrote: > Derek Broughton wrote: > > Marti Andrews wrote: > > > >> I don't know, you tell me! Is it hidden or something? Remember, I'm > >> BRAND > >> new to all this, I haven't done any reading yet, figuring it should all > >> be > >> intuitive. I'm clicking on System Menu, Users Folders, navigating to > >> the > >> etc folder, and looking for a folder called fstab. Looking > >> alphabetically. > >> Not there. > > > > Oh, oh. This looks like a nasty bit of handholding that someone thought > > was > > a feature. > > > >>From a terminal session (I trust you can start konsole), try: > > > > cat /etc/fstab > > > > and if that shows you something: > > > > sudo rm /etc/.hidden -v > > sudo rm /.hidden -v > > > > It's like Windows - they don't think you should be able to see "System" > > files, and someone in KDE development actually thought that was a good > > thing. > > > Hang in there Marti!! > > I'm learning a lot with this tread also. Stuff that's sort of bugged me > for a long time but wasn't really all that necessary to my own use. > > Anyway, I did some major digging and found something that might be of > help, to both of us. > > http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=137740&highlight=mount+hard+drives > > I haven't tried it myself yet. I found it late last night and was to > tired to trust myself. > > The one thing it doesn't really explain is how to add the other Linux > drive. > > As has been said, fstab is a file, not a folder. Konqueror has to be > told to show "hidden" files and directories/folders. [ View > Show > Hidden Files ] > > > -- > (o:]>*HUGGLES*<[:o) > Billie Walsh > The three best words in the English Language: > "I LOVE YOU" > Pass them on! > > -- > kubuntu-users mailing list > kubuntu-users at lists.ubuntu.com > Modify settings or unsubscribe at: > https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users > -- Ein Leben ohne Mops ist möglich, doch völlig sinnlos. -Loriot -- kubuntu-users mailing list kubuntu-users at lists.ubuntu.com Modify settings or unsubscribe at: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users


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Cerebral palsy 18mo old, advice?
Charliep Member Posts: 2 Listener
edited August 2018 in Cerebral Palsy
Hi just reaching out to see if anyone is in the same boat, no one I talk to understands what we are going through as a family just need someone to vent, get advice and general chit chat
robinhood8 Member Posts: 120 CourageousHello and welcome to a community share your problems with all us and thus we may have in the same situation
Ami2301 Community champion Posts: 6,710 Disability GamechangerHi @Charliep
Welcome to the community! Check out the Specific Conditions section and you will find Cerebal Palsy, varied discussions regarding the condition. I'm sure others will be in contact with you soonCommunity Champion
Disability Gamechanger - 2019
Chloe_Scope Administrator Posts: 9,517 Scope community teamHi @Charliep and a very warm welcome to the community! We have a CP board that I will move this discussion to and I hope this will help you find others. It may also be worth looking at the Parents and Carers board. The community is about giving advice and support so I hope we can offer you just that.
I have CP myself so if you had any more general questions then I would love to help! We also have my colleague @Richard_Scope who is the Cerebral Palsy information specialist!
Community Partner
Sam_Scope Member Posts: 7,732 Disability GamechangerHi @Charliep
We have some videos of parents discussing their child's impairments that you might like to watch?
Senior online community officer
Richard_Scope Administrator Posts: 2,183 Scope community teamHi @Charliep
Great to meet you! It can be a very lonely time as a parent when you have received a diagnosis. I have Cerebral Palsy myself and can chat to you about any aspects of CP. I would also like to suggest a really useful book called Including Children with Cerebral Palsy in the Early Years
You don't have to go through this alone. We are here as a community to help where we can.
Specialist Information Officer - Cerebral Palsy


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Very helpful and thorough. The company were even trying to contact previous keepers to learn more about the cars past - how about that for provenance! Great deal on the car with service, MOT and valet included. I know they have been their for years and I can see why. Customers seem to come first, and although I put my foot in my mouth, the gent was very diplomatic and allowed me my little slip! What a reassuring place to buy a used car!


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Advocates urge Governor to release susceptible prisoners over COVID-19 concerns
OLYMPIA, Wash. – Another population potentially at risk of COVID-19 are those serving time in our state's prison system.
A coalition of advocates have asked Gov. Jay Inslee to do more to make sure those people are safe, including releasing some inmates early.
Already one corrections officer working at a prison facility in Monroe tested positive for the virus. The state Department of Corrections says it's taking precautions to protect other officers and inmates who may have been in contact, but advocates say the state must do more.
"People are living in close proximity to each other," said Nick Straley with Columbia Legal Services. "We need to get people out of the prisons to get everyone safe."
Straley says more than 1,900 people over the age of 56 with serious medical issues are currently behind bars and should be released in case coronavirus infiltrates prisons.
Also, says Straley, everyone else currently incarcerated who would under normal circumstances be released in the next six months should be let out now to access the care they need.
"Unfortunately, this illness is going to affect all of us," he said. "If there's illness in jails, that will spread. Even if we can stamp it out on the outside, it will continue to affect all of us. No matter how you feel about this it has an impact on your life."
Corrections officials say so far no inmates have tested positive for the disease.
Inslee's press team told Q13 News a lot of things are on the table concerning what happens next and promises the governor will give the issue due consideration.


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Physics, 30 op
Opintokokonaisuuden tyyppi
Intermediate Studies
Esa Räsänen
|The Intermediate Studies in Physics, preceded by the Basic Studies of Natural Sciences, form a strong basis of the international standard to proceed with master-level studies in physics. As a minor, the module also supports the other majors of the programme, i.e., Mathematics and ICT.
After completion of the module, the student has extended his/her theoretical knowledge and understanding of physics into thermal and statistical physics, quantum mechanics, structure of matter, and optics. The student is able to analytically solve problems in different areas of physical phenomena. He/she is able to combine experimental results with simple computational models. The student can passably apply his/her knowledge and skills in a working environment.
The core content of the module builds on a physical view of the world, analytical thinking, meaningful modeling, and physical problem solving. The student has strong abilities to make assessments and approximations following the principles of mathematics and natural sciences. The student has strong computational skills that help him/her in problem solving. He/she has also learned group-working skills, reporting, and critical evaluation of experimental results. These skills are essential for the working life and prepare the student for writing a Bachelor's Thesis.
Pakolliset opintojaksot
FYS-1326 and FYS-1467 are lectured every year. FYS-1346, FYS-1406, FYS-1377 and FYS-1476 are lectured only every other year. Consequently, the recommended year of study is 2nd or 3rd year, depending on availability. Please notice that courses marked for 3rd year have FYS-1467 and FYS-1346 as prerequisite courses.
|FYS-1326 Methods in Physics
|5 op
|FYS-1346 Thermal Physics
|5 op
|FYS-1377 Statistical Physics
|5 op
|FYS-1406 Optics
|5 op
|FYS-1467 Basics of Quantum Mechanics
|5 op
|FYS-1476 Structure of Matter
|5 op
|LTT-21106 Bachelor's Thesis Seminar in Science and Engineering
|0 op
|30 op
The Intermediate Studies in Physics build on the Basic Studies in Natural Sciences by providing the students with significantly more extensive and detailed knowledge in physics.


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Chris Jamison to Perform Benefit Concert Hosted by Kiski Area Instrumental Boosters
January 24, 2017
Pittsburgh's very own local celebrity, Chris Jamison from "The Voice" will be performing in a benefit concert at Kiski Area High School.
January 24, 2017
- A Local Celebrity from "The Voice" Gives Back to the Community - The Kiski Area Instrumental Boosters from Vandergrift, Pa. will host a benefit concert featuring local celebrity Chris Jamison, an American singer-songwriter from "The Voice" with special guest Nick Barilla. The concert will be presented at the Kiski Area High School auditorium on Saturday, February 25 at 7:00 p.m. The doors will open at 6:00 p.m. The concert will benefit the Kiski Area Band programs. Reserved seat tickets are $20 and VIP tickets, which include a meet and greet with Jamison, are $30. Tickets are limited. Visit http://www.kiskibands.org/chris.html for complete details and ticketing information.
"While watching Chris on "The Voice" a few years ago, the idea of a benefit concert came to fruition," said Robert Traugh, Band Director of the Kiski Area Bands. "Finally we're able to make this concert happen, not only for the Kiski Bands but for all of Chris' local fans. He's a great role model for the students and we're honored to have him."
Chris Jamison is a Pittsburgh native, who attended North Hills High School. He began his celebrity status on NBC's "The Voice", season 7, choosing Adam Levine as his coach. Jamison has immediate ties to Kiski through his uncle, Frank Stanko, who leads the Kiski Winter Guard program. Kiski supported Jamison during his performance on "The Voice" where he placed third. Jamison will appear with his band during the concert and special guest, Nick Barilla, a singer-songwriter also from Pittsburgh, Pa.
"I've been privileged to watch Chris' career take off with the release of his new EP late last year," said Frank Stanko, 30-year staff member of both the fall and winter guard programs at Kiski Area. Chris' release is entitled "I am Chris Jamison," which is also the name of his website. "The Kiski Bands are made up of a bunch of hardworking and talented students who look to Chris for inspiration."
The concert will be presented with professional sound and lighting. Security will be on-site to ensure everyone adheres to the high school rules and regulations without exception.
For more information on the Kiski Area Bands, including a list of events, concerts and competitions, visit www.kiskibands.org.
About the Kiski Area Band Program
The Kiski Area Band Program is a part of the Kiski Area School District of Vandergrift, PA, about 35 miles northeast of Pittsburgh, and consists of highly successful performance groups, including the Kiski Area Marching Band, Cavalier Percussion Ensemble, Winter Guard Ensembles, Concert Bands, and Jazz Ensembles. The Kiski Area Band Program is led by Band Directors Robert Traugh, Chad Heiny, and Shawn Pityk and is comprised of students from the Kiski Area School District. The Kiski Area School District was named one of the 2016 Best Communities in the U.S. for Music Education by the National Association of Music Merchants (NAMM) Foundation.
KAIB (Kiski Area Instrumental Boosters)
P.O. Box 124
Vandergrift, PA 15690
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Hi Team,
I am using Blokada VPN Tunnel service.
I want to convince my friend to switch from ExpressVPN to Blokada VPN tunnel.
could you please help me in understaning the differences.
Mohan Raj Kumar V A
Hi Team,
I am using Blokada VPN Tunnel service.
I want to convince my friend to switch from ExpressVPN to Blokada VPN tunnel.
could you please help me in understaning the differences.
Mohan Raj Kumar V A
There have been quite some issues in the past with ExpressVPN. Here's a Wikipedia article regarding that. Look through the Reception.
"The company does, however, collect some information. It gathers the aggregate amount of data transferred by each user. It logs the most recent date, but not time, a successful connection has been made. The company also notes which VPN location you connect with—but not a specific public-facing IP address. ExpressVPN stresses that this information is not sufficient to identify a specific individual, since it would be identical to many other users. Still, customers should always be skeptical of anonymized data, since it doesn't always stay anonymous."
Here's the full article.
You can find the full privacy policy of ExpressVPN here and ours here
Hello…with that said, i assume Blokada is supposedly more secure than ExpressVPN.
Nevertheless, can you confirm the following?
I also have an ExpressVPN subscription…so i'm running that VPN on my android box, which collides with the Blokada one. So far I have disabled the Blokada one, because I was not sure about it.
Recently, I have configured in Blokada, the DNS provided by ExpressVPN.
Does it mean that I can run now Blokada instead of ExpressVPN, and still have the DNS "protection" from ExpressVPN? If so, the Blokada tunnel is then doing/dealing with the traffic part?
Many thanks for your quick reply…
Much appreciated.
To answer this question I'd need to know the DNS address. Additionally I'm pretty certain that their DNS Servers aren't having an edge over others. There are a lot of DNS Servers out there some of which are even run by associations. Why do you prefer the ExpressVPN DNS? Blokada Plus/Tunnel will work anyway.
Do you have any further questions regarding this?
Thank you for the reply!
I suppose I'm clear now…
ExpressVPN claims to run their own zero knowledge DNS…means there's no tracking at all…
I wouldn't be able to comment on veracity.
In my case, given I have paid for the service, i would like to use to actually conclude anything then…that is mostly the reason.
There are DNS Servers which aren't owned by corporate bodies. They're much better


text:
Shop For Call Lure at Mvhigh.com
Price Comparison For Call Lure at Mvhigh
Mvhigh is the US's #1 online shopping comparison website, helping millions of shoppers save money on various of items. Mvhigh compares millions of products and items, shopping ideas and many more. We gather prices and shopping information on Call Lure from over 500 of the USA's best-loved online stores, and upload all this information every day so you can find the best price.
TOP 10 searching results for Call Lure as seen on August 4, 2020
Call Lure Video Results
hellfire long call and how to apply
Making call lure and enjoying 8 oz of pure skunk
A'Lure The Call of the Ocean within SeaWorld Orlando May 2011 from visitor's point of view — SKIP the LINES, with tips, apps and real tickets at http://www.undercovertourist.com
In this video I go over some of the basic ingredients used in a predator call lure. You can use many different ingredients to make the right lure for your trap line but this should help give you a start.
Trapper don ct does a product review on his new BLACK HAWK LDC lure great for canines bobcats fisher .....2 years testing before it goes out this fall it will be ready for resale


text:
The Eva mahogany coffee table 100 x 60 has everything you would expect from a great coffee table: beautiful brushed mahogany wood, simple lines and the practicality of the large drawers. You will love the drawers (2 at the front and 2 behind). They can store everything you want to keep organised in the living room... the remote, magazines or newspapers.
Combine this coffee table with other items from our Eva collection to compose a cosy and welcoming living room space.
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Assembled furniture, base to be assembled
To preserve, clean and revive the shine of your wooden furniture, we advise you to simply use a dust remover.
Learn more : our furniture maintenance guide


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Click here to listen to selections from the score.
"Bring it On" meets "Dreamgirls" in the girl-group musical, "Betty and the Belrays" by William Electric Black aka Ian Ellis James, which will be presented by Theater for the New City in a return engagement November 7 to 24, 2019.
The piece tells the story of three white female singers from Detroit who struggle to change a racially divided society by singing for a black record label. Book and lyrics are by William Electric Black. Music is by Black, Valerie Ghent (arranger/keyboards for Ashford & Simpson) and Gary Schreiner. Choreography is by Jeremy Lardieri. Director is Mr. Black.
Girl groups are now an iconic part of the history of the recording industry in America. In a brief, shining period between the payola scandal and the British invasion, American girl groups swamped the charts with songs that are now classic: mostly sweet harmonies on sentimental themes, with classic melody constructions and simplistic love lyrics.
Partially because of the concern that America's teens would like the songs better if they didn't know the singers' color, many girl groups were anonymous except for their recordings. Almost all of them were black, but that was not known to many fans at the time. "Betty & The Belrays" asks, "what would have happened if a white girl group had actually tried to recapitulate the careers of these black groups?"
If you love the songs of The Chiffons, The Crystals, The Shirelles and The Ronettes, you'll find heaven in this production, whose music recaptures the innovation and fresh, optimistic buoyancy that ruled the AM airwaves in the Kennedy era. It features a live onstage Motown-style band led by Gary Schreiner, authentic '60s choreography, and a cast of fourteen. It is recommended for audiences aged ten and up.
The musical is a fable that shows how integral this music was to the Civil Rights Movement. The setting of the play--1963 Detroit--is where the Movement and Motown found musical harmony. Martin Luther King, you may remember, led Detroit's Walk to Freedom, America's largest civil rights demonstration at the time, on June 23, 1963. His address to the crowd there was an early version of the "I Have a Dream" speech he offered two months later at the March on Washington.
Detroit was also the place where in 1959, Berry Gordy founded Motown Records in three adjoining row houses (before moving it to L.A. in 1967). One Motown group that broke big in 1963 was Martha & The Vandellas. Their "Dancing in the Streets" (1964) is believe by many to be actually about protest.
It's against this auspicious backdrop that the play takes place. Betty Belarosky, the daughter of a Ford assembly line worker and a department store daisy, ventures naively into the music business, wanting to sing the chirpy heartthrob harmonies of her time. She forms an all white girl group, a la the Ronnettes, and aims for a record deal at Soltown--a black record company. Her collaborators are one lovesick femme fatale and one "tough girl" type.
Betty meets Sam the Beat, a local black deejay, who advises that the only thing that crosses the color line is music. He refers the trio to Miss Loretta Jones, an Aretha Franklin-type singer. She teaches them soul through immersion, first by experiencing the music of black churches, and then by sampling black women's professional life: ironing for three days straight, to understand the life confinement of black cooks, seamstresses and launderesses.
This gives birth to unusual songs with underlying themes of social protest, including "Why Oh Why Must We Do the Segregation" and "My Boyfriend is a Negro." The more their music incorporates Miss Loretta's teachings, the higher their records climb on the charts. Their growing popularity makes it seem that the girls could actually bring their segregated city together through their music. They now actually overshadow their artistic idols, a local black girl group named The Lovejones.
After an appearance on a popular television show, Betty & The Belrays are offered a major record deal from a white label on the condition that they stop singing about racial issues. When they return home, the girls are faced with hate mail and bricks through their windows. The question facing them becomes: resist the hate or sell out?
Betty decides that one of the bricks that came through her window must have knocked some sense into her head. Defiantly, she joins SNCC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) and travels to campaign in the South, where she shares the fate of the Freedom Riders who died in Mississippi in 1964.
William Electric Black weaves comedy throughout his treatment of sensitive racial issues, but you could be misled by the musical's playful tone. The production forthrightly addresses the question of cultural identification with music. There are 13 original songs, varying in style from The Ronettes to The Vandellas, that take us to the heart of the issues facing the recording industry at the time. Betty and her collaborators evolve into, essentially, a white group with a Motown attitude.
The playwright calls attention to the importance of black music in our culture by honoring the imitation that was its sincerest form of flattery. He also shows off the risks that white performers took in embracing black musical traditions and the civil rights movement.
William Electric Black introduced the musical in a Theater for the New City production in 2007, but has extensively rewritten it since then. His new version introduces the pathos of Betty's sacrifice in order to claim that while we have seen gains in equal opportunity and civil rights, the idea of sacrifice is something we seem to have lost.
He also intends to illustrate how this type of music and the civil rights movement evolved symbiotically. He muses, "In recent years, although we've had a black president, segregation took on different forms and so did the music. As barriers got absorbed and changed--we thought it was for the better--really it was for the worse. Is today's music better (think of hip-hop), or have we really forgotten what it was originally about? Is the message lost?" He notes that if anything crossed the color line historically, it was the girl groups. The Supremes, Toys and Ronettes brought teens together and these teens went south to march and sometimes, to die. He urges us to revisit this time again. "We need to go back to the music scene and how it united teens," he says.The score is actually light-hearted like "Hairspray" and "Dreamgirls." Most of the melodies are by Valerie Ghent and some are by Gary Shreiner.
Read this informative primer on girl groups in rock music written by Chuck Mallory.
All photos by Jonathan Slaff


text:
Can you integrate Procore with Sage Intacct?
In this episode of Venn in 60 Seconds: Is it possible to integrate Procore with Sage Intacct?
The simple fact is, just about any system with an API (application programming interface) can theoretically be connected with another system that has an API. Those API's allow data to be pushed and pulled from each system, either on a specified timetable or automatically when data is updated. In the case of Procore, we have built our own connector via Workato that allows us to move just about any data between the two systems, seamlessly.
In one client use case we were asked to make the integration handle the following: when a new job is created in Procore, create a new project in Sage Intacct. When a vendor is added or changed in Procore, add/update the vendor in Intacct. AP bills are initiated from within Procore but are paid out of Intacct.
This is just one example of what is possible. We'd love to learn more about your use case, so give us a call.
We'd love to walk you through a demo.
Interested in how we do this for clients? Take a look at one of our latest case studies.


text:
We now have realized that bridal events are increasingly opting to mix and match their bridesmaids dresses since it is essentially the way that is best to complement every bridesmaid's size and shape. But, it could easily start to feel overwhelming if you are uncertain just how to really get relating to this. We now have some quick and stress tips that are free assist you to in your mix and match journey.
Mix and Match 101 The easiest plan of assault would be to select one designer and another material. As an example, at Bridesmaids just you can pick dresses by Talia Sarah in Luxe Chiffon or Talia Sarah in Crepe.
Select a style whenever combining and matching bridesmaids dresses in a single colour, it is constantly an idea that is good maintain a standard theme, whether it is the exact same bodice with various skirts, exactly the same dress with various bodices or somewhere in between. Take notice that the bridesmaids dresses have actually the hem that is same, comparable design features such as for example frill or draping or various materials (if you're confident) in one single color. Continue reading "How exactly to Mix & Match Br Tess of Bridesmaids Just | Fashion Wisdom, Wisdom"


text:
Child Development Associate Credential (CDA)
The Child Development Associate Credential is a nationally recognized credential administered by the National Council for Professional Recognition Programs in Washington D.C. The credential requires the creation of a professional portfolio and is offered to individuals employed in early child care facilities. The College offers instruction, which meets the CDA requirements through the following coursework:
Child Development Associate Credential Courses
ECE 1110 – Introduction to Early Childhood Education
ECE 2115 – Curriculum and Program Planning: Ages 3-8 Years
EDUC 2130 – Child, Family and Community
PSYC 2190 – Child Development I
Coursework for Child Development Associate Credential articulates to the associate and bachelor's degree in early childhood education.
Information on time frames and fees available upon request.
Credentials for Educators
Keystone College
Sickler Hall
One College Green
La Plume, PA 18440-0200
email: email@example.com
Office Hours:
Weekdays, 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m.


text:
Ashford Three Inch Stripe Wallpaper
starting at $14.00
This is a great wallpaper for any room! The texture on the stripe is beautiful.
This wallpaper is packaged by the manufacturer in a long double roll. A long double roll means that you get two rolls of wallpaper on one single roll. If you have any questions please email us at email@example.com. Sample orders ship for free through USPS and do not have tracking numbers.
Roll Dimensions: 20 1/2"inches x 33' feet = 56 sq.ft
Pattern Repeat: 20 1/2"
Match: Random
Returns only accepted for 2 roll minimum and there is a 30% restocking fee.


text:
mini truckin' alive and well in hawaii
Thanks to hellaflush.com for the pics
apparently it is possible
Usually I find with the mazda 3's and mazdaspeed 3's that they don't modify well… what I mean is that every, every, one I see looked better when it was stock….
until i saw these
Nice wheels
but I don't know what they are
clean 13
about as clean as a huge fender roll and massive wheels can get on an s13
snow scoobie
scoobie snow snacks
A reoccurring intrest?
Here's an RA65 celica from Australia running 15×8 front and 15×10 rear superlight's
nice clean car with good fitment… nice
One more before I move onto a new crush
from the racer86 blog
life's all about variety.
Many people, including myself at times, just focus on one type of car or one make and they fixate themselves on that narrow range of cars. This isn't entirely a bad thing, some of the best builds come from those guys, but life is all about variety.
I can never seem to be able to keep myself to just one car or one make or style, I see awesomeness in nearly every genera. And as you can kinda tell, if you've been keeping up with my cars, I've had a lot of cars and I change cars a lot. I have recently sold my '92 civic si hb because for the last few years I've been struggling with trying to have one car that can do everything and sharing that car with my wife means that I (willingly) compromise on how I build that car, and because of that compromise my builds are never expressive enough to entertain me or to be a real creative outlet.
Because of this I have bought a newer Honda CR-V, great car I might add, I really enjoy driving it to work and running errands, but it by no means fills that creative void.
I don't build cars to please other people, I build them to have fun. I love the build, once it's done I sell it, I'll drive it around for a few months or weeks but once it's done (or reached the limitations of being a daily usage car) or I 'm tired of it I'll sell it. My favorite builds are junkyard builds, like the old way we build corolla's by mismatching parts of other cars that work like, supra wheels, any random electric fan that'll fit, camaro rear shocks, mr2 rear shocks in the front,…etc etc
For me building cars needs to be a creative outlet that's not for profit or some kind of gain in status, and never never serious…. it's gotta be fun!!!!!
But now that the daily car is had…… I can focus on projects… not sure what but it will be rwd, and most of the mods will be fabricated by myself and with some help from friends, no more buying a build on ebay and merely assembling it…. I wanna just get back to putting my blood and sweat into it.
Enjoy and celebrate the differences
Build what you got your way and who cares about the rest.
Nice clean scoobie
scoobie: nickname for subaru's.
anyways this is a 2004 wrx with Rota Grids in 18×9.5 +20mm wheels, perfect fit, fake Volk knock-off's but at less then 1/2 the price who can blame him…… and he is running the rota center caps so it's not like he's faking it.
just a gorgeous car all around! very low, black on white wheels, a great stance, and clean. there no big wing, no oem badges, and no stickers. there's just a small front splitter and a rear diffuser.
to fit wheels like these on a scoobie this low, requires a narrower tire (then a rim this size would normally use), and some very real fender rolling.
The 3rd gen jdm odyssey
ok soooo some of you dig the vans and some of you hate the vans… but either way here's more vans.
a bit of history first… in 1995 honda released it's first odyssey van and it was a good van, but it was unconventional, it had 4 normal doors, all 4 doors had window's that rolled down, it only had a 4 cylinder engine, and it wasn't as wide, tall, or as long as much of the competition…. but there is good in this.
the new van only weighted 200lbs more then the accord(1995) and because of that it handled very well like the accord, stopped well, and also got good gas milage like the accord….. but north america didn't like it that much and so the next version in 1999 followed suit of the rest of the pack, and gained ~700lbs!!!
so for some of us the 1st generation was the best mix between a sedan and a full sized "mini" van, but in japan the original style carried on still under the odyssey name, they 2nd gen was basically the same as the first with minor styling updates, but the 3rd gen was all new and received the newer K series 4 cylinder motors(2.4L with 160 or 200hp)
since i showed some pics of the first gen ody's here in a recent post , I'll just show modified 2nd and 3rd gens here.
kinda bonkers stuff, I know, but if your not having fun… then what's the point
2nd gen ody's
and here's more of the 3rd gen ody, which had it's roofline trimmed down compared to pervious versions.
Nicest EVO 8 I've seen yet
I know that all i seem to post is really low cars with big wide wheels that barely fit…. and it's true….
it's soo clean with the stock body draped perfectly over these massive wheels. I think that cars with body kits either aren't low enough or they were too ugly to start with…. if you can't fix it with a slam and wheels….then you bought the wrong car!
mmmm burger box
Thanks to Matt Nugent Photography and the paper clip blog both from the philly area for the pics
WFC crew meet picks in LA.
The "wrong fitment crew" got together last Thursday night in a parkade in LA. the lighting was terrible but the cars were awesome and the fitment was killer.
The wrx in the first pick in by far my favorite of the bunch… but also the acura TL's are really growing on me… even tho they are wrong wheel drive (for a car that size).
wrx sti
evo X
wrx sti
TL again
evo X again
Thanks to scotterson on the WFC forum for the pics http://www.wrongfitmentcrew.com/random-photos-photoshoots-photography-and-videos-f12/9-17-09-wfc-little-tokyo-los-angeles-meet-pictures-t1118.htm
another even more awesome ta22 celica
cool cool cool awesome…. and don't even start trying to analyze whether or not it's practical.. who cares…. you = fail, your brain = no
just love this damn thing
one thing to note… is the rear camber… these cars were solid axle… wish I knew what was in there.
Thanks to racer86 for finding this
rendered ta22 celica
I like rendered cars but not enough to post them, but this one is too cool not to. it's not the best rendering but he certainly gave it a good stance.
pics from http://notgr.com/folio/automotive/three-dimensional/
The Freshness
This TE wagon that showed up at the nisei meet in L.A. this year has got to be the freshest TE wagon this side of the pacific.
it's a 79-80 toyota corolla wagon, I always thought they were cool, but this just steps it up a lot.
the wheels are 14×10 0-offset diamond racing, with 185/55r14 tires very tightly stretched onto those wide steelies… massive stretch.
the front wheels are pushed out so far because he is running NRCA's (negative roll center adapters) which push the bottom of the strut/hub assembly out 1-2″
the diamond racing steelies are becoming very popular because of their endless sizing options and budget price…. but are no less awesome.
lovin the quad headlights and the air dam… even with the stock massive bumpers
and one shot in the distance
I think this has got be my favorite car in several months… it's just really cool!
thanks to "Hasback Photography" and to http://speedhunters.com/ for the pics
the ae86 true modern classic
you can never have enough ae86 in a car blog… so cut it, chew it, and like it.
these cars are the modern savior of the japanese rwd scene in north america. full stop.
A fabulous, responsive, very high revving motor, rear wheel drive, and a very willing and tunable chassis make this car hard not to love…. BTW 1985-1987 corolla gt-s, hachi-roku (hachi for short), ae86, levin, and trueno essentially all mean the same thing.
Like this red one with the classic start shark wheels, along with the levin front end, and the shorty jdm bumpers
this car has the japanese trueno front end, basically the same as ours in north america but with a different bumper
many hachi's seem to always be half assembled, or somewhat abused…. but that is much of the love we have for these cars…. they can take sooo much abuse and still perform the way they should, they need to be used.
drift in action, a nice levin coupe
I like the coupes look but I think I prefer owning the hatchback better
thanks to… http://noriyaro.com/ , http://illphoto.blogspot.com/ , and http://driftunit.com for some of the pics
a real previa this time
I know… most my friends are tired of me talking about these vans… but this time i found pictures of a modified north american spec previa that actually looks good and has no "photo retouching".
the nice parts if that this van's exterior is totally stock (no body kit), all that is done to it is the lexus sc430 wheels and the lowering. in my eyes this proves that a previa can look cool without too much work.
I think it's looks cool.
some cool old J-tin
this first one is a datsun bluebird SSS, basically a 510 2dr with a copped roofline, rather hard to come by.
i don't know what this is but I love it (turns out it's a nissan gloria)
toyota corona
of course the mx73 toyota cressida, and yes i consider this car classic j-tin.
toyota Cresta Super Lucent
toyota corona
Nissan cedric
ok these next 2 aren't classic but they are cool
a clean cool toyota hi-ace van
and a over head shot of a tuned corolla ae86 and a s13 240sx in the garage.
thanks to the nori yaro blog of some of the pics
New car update.
so I had to fix the 4×4 ride height. I picked up some H&R race springs and now it drives much nicer, just needs a toe adjustment up front… and some wheels…… and some stiffer shocks.
poor thing only lasted 3 days
Finally sold my ep3 civic
about time.. I didn't like my 2002 civic sir from the start, nice motor but crappy everything else, steering, handling, the seating position sucked and the seat had no adjustments except the mandatory forward/back and recline, poor rearward visibility, steering wheel was too high and always always cut through the gauges…. and last but certainly not least the a/c was always on whenever you had any type of defrost on… really really annoying.
so now onto what I think i like most about cars…. buying themI The current candidates are the 92-93 civic si hb and the s13 or s14 (89-98) 240sx.
the 92-93 civic si hatchback is most likely the best civic we ever got in north america, it was part of the best chassis and the best suspension line honda ever offered because it had 4 wheel double wishbone suspension (they don't have that anymore), it was light (they don't do that anymore), and it had good visibility ( nope… no longer in a civic), and it also had 4-wheel discs, the 1.6 sohc vtec engine, a power sunroof, . basically I love all the 88-2000 civic hatchbacks, but the 88-91 was a little too noisy and under powered, and the 96-2000 had a cheap interior and no power. of the 92-95 civics they only offered the si hb for 2 years. the si coupe was heavier, longer, and lacked the rear discs. the 4 wheels discs and vtec motor were never again available in the HB.
so for these reasons it's on my list.
the 240sx is the other present candidate because they are just damn cool, 4 wheel disc's, RWD, nice multi-link rear end, a torquey 2.4L motor, they are cheap, quick, nice highway cars, and endlessly modifiable… but they look best with the stock body, a nice drop on coilovers, and some killer wheels.
This 1985 ae86 corolla gts really caught my eye a while back so I saved the pics, but I can't for the life of me remember where I got the pics.
usually I'm really not a fan of corolla's with fiberglass flares or body kits of any type, I'm an all metal kinda guy. this corolla works for me though, I find it highly tasteful that the owner choose to stick with the original color scheme, also the wheels selection and sizing is very correct for the car, and of course the ride height/camber/wheel/kit/color combo all comes out for a really slick stance.
a few quick snaps
I've always liked this generation of accord (94-97) ever since I saw one on the cover of "sport compact car" back in 1996, that one had a h23 prelude sr bottom end and a h22 dohc vtec head, it was very cool back in the day.
I've seen this one on a few sites and in picture threads of shows, but I have not been able to find a build sheet for it, so I don't have any specs on it, but she looks nice.
thank's to david lira photo, justdhizpinoy, and the chronicles for the pics
and now with a new wheel setup, awesome stance
a ratted bmw e28
so this guy use to have a a really nice e28… till it was writen off… see smashed window and A-pillar also the messed up lower valence.
so what does he do?? since the car will cost way too much money to fix he decieds to have some fun with it.
the suspension, wheels, and motor are all top notch equipment and it's not on air bags.
very cool opportunity to build a very cool car
nice rolling shot
cool back drop here
beautiful 6 here with the 5
Thanks to shelley.ray and m.burroughs for the shots I found on http://www.r3vlimited.com/board/showthread.php?t=138864