text:
The University Interscholastic League (UIL) announced an update that it is "extending its suspension of all UIL sanctioned contests to include all rehearsals, practices and workouts through March 29," a statement released at 2:30 p.m. Monday says.
The update came after previously shutting down the basketball state championships Thursday evening due to coronavirus concerns.
"To support the health and safety of our students and communities, the University Interscholastic League is suspending all UIL sanctioned contests due to the outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) in Texas," the initial statement from March 13 reads.
If athletic activities are cleared to return on March 30, some sports' postseason will be adjusted to account for the time missed. The UIL released its updated postseason schedules last Friday along with the previous statement.
Soccer is the most affected, with its timeline getting pushed back around 18 days. Each district must certify its playoff teams by April 11 instead of March 24 to play the bi-district round of the playoffs on April 14 instead of March 27. After that, the area round will be April 18, regional quarterfinals 21, regional semifinals the 24 and 25 and the state tournament running from April 29 to May 2.
The district certifications for golf and tennis were also pushed back to April 14 and 18, respectively, although the rest of their postseason tournament will remain unchanged. Softball and baseball won't see any changes, with district certification not until May 5.
Track and field is a curious case where the district and area championships could be condensed to one meet with a note to check the track manual.
Junior high sports are to abide by the same restrictions and "once activities resume, UIL will allow for an exception to the school week limitation for varsity district contests in soccer, tennis, softball, and baseball," the release states, allowing more than one competition per week of school.
All three of Austin County's UIL representatives, Bellville, Brazos and Sealy, extended last week's spring break and will not return to school until March 23 at the earliest. The respective head football coaches/athletic directors also offered their thoughts on the situation.
"It's an unknown for a lot of people," said Sealy Athletic Director Shane Mobley. "It's not only the state basketball tournament, but it's the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, one-act plays, there's so much stuff that's all involved in this."
"It's about the safety of the people," Mobley continued, "you look at other countries what they're going through. I know people will have different opinions about what's going on and how this is playing out, but I know the athletic directors that I've talked to, the last thing we want is for our kids to get something that could have been prevented."
Of course, this prevention is also putting the kibosh on some seniors' final chances at sports, many with championships on the line.
"Right now, those are all suspended," said Bellville's Grady Rowe of winter sports' postseasons. "We had regional powerlifters that were leaving (Friday) afternoon and they're postponed right now. Again, it's everybody siding on the side of safety and it's better to be safe than sorry I think."
"There's no words, you hurt for those kids," Brazos coach Ryan Roecker said of the class of 2020. "You don't know what the parameters will be if you don't know how quickly this may reopen after the 29th but you hope some way, in some form or fashion, that they would be allowed to play out a championship."
Rowe and Roecker both agreed that it's hard to compare this situation to any others previously seen.
"Nothing I can think of," Rowe said. "The flood was different, that was devastation in a different way. You really have a little uncharted territory right here and we've got to do what's best for everyone."
"There's nothing to compare to," Roecker said. "You sit there and watch the shock and awe of the week unfolding as far as NBA canceling their season (along with other) professional sports. You watch the NCAA, and then (Thursday) you watch the state basketball tournament get canceled which was only inevitable. We figured something was gonna happen with us educationally and athletically."
"Like I said," Roecker continued, "you always want to err on the side of your athletes. This is what is needed to make sure that we stay healthy and to protect our kids and it's what we need to do."


text:
6 Most Usb To Ethernet Wiring Diagram Galleries
Related photos in this diagram:
Other recommended diagram ideas:
6 Most Usb To Ethernet Wiring Diagram Galleries - Is it possible to get netgear eighty five router to receive wifi sign from an outdoor antenna with usb to ethernet splice? Cause being me and neighbor percentage off of his net however my usb adapter doesnt select up signal from his router anymore however does with my outdoor antenna. Also have amped wireless repeater that i boosted signal with now it is not apparently receiving sign. You may run pretty a good deal some thing on cat5, vga, usb, sound indicators, s-video and so forth. I'm making plans in using my internet cam as a protection cam at my the front door and i was questioning in the usage of a laptop downstairs to look my web cam over the internet, however i have maintain both desktops going for walks at the same time and the want of greater software as properly, so i decided to apply a cat5 to run a usb connection over at least 25', i've been searching a bit over the web and i found multiple thoughts to connect usb peripherals over cat5 correctly and that i went over the subject, but i recognize that i failed to want to cut the cat5 and solder the usb connections to the cable, so i decide to construct a couple of usb dongles (girl and male) to cat5 and the cool component is that they can be used on current ethernet network wall connections as nicely. I understand that i might be pushing the limits but it is worth the try. I would not use this devices for records tho, i recognize the there are lots of connectors obtainable that have baluns (which i do not quite understand how they work), to send and acquire information signal, so i would not threat the strive but for peripherals together with web cams, mouse or keyboard, and sound alerts might do simply exceptional (even s-video). I'd rather endorse using a powered usb hub for the gap stated above, with reference of some of the boundaries for this type of configurations: usb limits are up to 15' (four.Five meters) s-video as much as 50' (15' meters) /?P=fifty eight.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
September 6, 2019
ICNYC is ready and waiting for students who want to check their readiness to make a mark in their major field. Finding the right internship and NYC housing is not a painless process, but judging from the experiences of 300+ alumni of the program, it can be the best semester you've had at Ithaca. Help and advice are provided for the internship and housing searches.
During the 2018-19 academic year, students interned at over 30 sites including finance and accounting firms, media and production agencies, networks, public relations firms, universities, and other not-for-profits. A number of graduating seniors were offered jobs at their internship sites.
In addition to internship hours, students took both on-site and on-line courses to maintain their full-time status and they met as a group at the internship seminar and at weekend activities. Ithaca alumni were frequent seminar guest speakers and mentors.
One School of Business student interned for a major financial services firm as a client services representative. She found the work to be stressful at times, but rewarding. Her biggest reward was being asked to stay for the summer in a paid position. Another Park student returned to the advertising agency where he had interned the prior summer. His work in new business development was far more in-depth and demanding than his summer internship, but it led to a job offer at the end of the semester.
Hersey Egginton, Director


text:
- Campuses :
- Twin Cities
- Crookston
- Duluth
- Morris
- Rochester
- Other Locations
An update on the CLA leadership transition
Dear Colleagues,
I write to update you on the leadership transition in the College of Liberal Arts. As you know, we are undertaking a national search for a new dean, following Dean James Parente's decision to step down at the end of June. With input from the CLA community, I have convened a search committee to be chaired by Tom Fisher, dean of the College of Design. The 20-member committee met last week to receive its charge and to discuss the position and search process. Dean Fisher also launched a series of listening sessions with various CLA and campus communities.
As this search is under way, I am delighted to announce that Raymond "Bud" Duvall, Morse-Alumni Distinguished Teaching Professor of Political Science, has agreed to serve as interim dean of the College of Liberal Arts from July 1 until a new permanent dean is in place. Many of you know Professor Duvall, both for his highly regarded scholarship in international relations theory and for his well-respected contributions as an academic leader, including service as chair of the political science department since 2007.
I am confident that Professor Duvall will provide strong leadership that will serve the college well during this critical transition. Our largest college, the College of Liberal Arts is central to our academic mission. The University of Minnesota's excellence as a public land-grant research university depends crucially on the excellence of CLA, which educates nearly 15,000 undergraduates each year--half of all the students on the Twin Cities campus--and which is the home of a range of highly ranked graduate programs.
I will continue to provide progress reports on the search to the CLA community, with occasional updates to the broader University as well, as the search advances. If you have questions or suggestions, or you would like to share your thoughts about the position with the search committee, please contact committee chair Dean Tom Fisher, at firstname.lastname@example.com, or Kate Stuckert in the Office of Human Resources at email@example.com.
Please join me in thanking Bud Duvall for his willingness to serve and in again offering warm thanks to Jim Parente for his years of service as dean and his many contributions to the college and the University.
Karen Hanson,
Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost
email sent May 20, 2013 to Twin Cities faculty and the Administrative Email Lists (AEL).


text:
New Research In
Physical Sciences
Social Sciences
Featured Portals
Articles by Topic
Biological Sciences
Featured Portals
Articles by Topic
- Agricultural Sciences
- Anthropology
- Applied Biological Sciences
- Biochemistry
- Biophysics and Computational Biology
- Cell Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Ecology
- Environmental Sciences
- Evolution
- Genetics
- Immunology and Inflammation
- Medical Sciences
- Microbiology
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
- Plant Biology
- Population Biology
- Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
- Sustainability Science
- Systems Biology
Scaling of morphogen gradients by an expansion-repression integral feedback control
Edited by José N. Onuchic, University of California, La Jolla, CA, and approved February 26, 2010 (received for review November 12, 2009)
Despite substantial size variations, proportions of the developing body plan are maintained with a remarkable precision. Little is known about the mechanisms that ensure this adaptation (scaling) of pattern with size. Most models of patterning by morphogen gradients do not support scaling. In contrast, we show that scaling arises naturally in a general feedback topology, in which the range of the morphogen gradient increases with the abundance of some diffusible molecule, whose production, in turn, is repressed by morphogen signaling. We term this mechanism "expansion–repression" and show that it can function within a wide range of biological scenarios. The expansion-repression scaling mechanism is analogous to an integral-feedback controller, a key concept in engineering that is likely to be instrumental also in maintaining biological homeostasis.
Multicellular organisms develop through a sequence of patterning events in which uniform fields of cells differentiate into patterned tissues and organs. Positional information is commonly encoded by morphogen gradients, whereby a signaling pathway is activated in a spatially graded manner over a field of cells and induces distinct gene expression domains in a concentration-dependent manner. In the standard paradigm, a signaling molecule—the morphogen—is secreted from a local source and diffuses through the tissue, establishing a gradient that peaks at the source. The gradient is shaped further by factors that impact on morphogen diffusion or degradation. The activity and abundance of these regulators is often influenced by the morphogen signaling itself through a variety of feedbacks (1–6).
Developing individuals of the same species vary in size. However, the proportions of their body plans are kept remarkably constant. To achieve this proportionate patterning, morphogen gradients ought to scale with the size of the tissue. Despite intense research, little is known about the means by which field size is measured and how this information feeds back to shape the morphogen gradient (7–15).
Theoretical studies have shown that scaling is not a general property of morphogen models but requires specialized mechanisms. Proposed mechanisms include (i) two diffusible molecules that emanate from opposing poles and define the activation profile through their ratio; (ii) a mechanism that maintains a constant, size-independent receptor number; and (iii) a topology that restricts morphogen degradation to only the distal edge of the field (a "perfect sink") (9,10–11, 13, 15). Whereas those mechanisms likely apply in some cases, they invoke fine-tuned interactions, posing significant constraints on the design of the patterning network (SI Text).
Here we show that scaling emerges as a natural consequence of a feedback topology, which we term "expansion repression". In this case, patterning is defined by a single morphogen, whose profile is shaped by a diffusible molecule, the "expander". The expander functions, directly or indirectly, to facilitate the spread of the morphogen by enhancing its diffusion or protecting it from degradation. In turn, expander production is repressed by morphogen signaling. Mathematical analysis reveals that scaling is achieved provided that the expander is stable and diffusible.
The generality of the expansion-repression mechanism allows its implementation within a wide variety of systems. In particular, the expander can have other roles besides its function in scaling: A diffusible inhibitor, for example, can provide for scaling along with its inhibitory function; similarly, in a dual morphogen system, one of the morphogens can function as the expander. As we discuss, this generality of the expansion-repression mechanism for scaling reflects its analogy with an integral-feedback controller.
Expansion-Repression Feedback.
We consider a single morphogen M that can induce several cell fates in a concentration-dependent manner. We assume that M is secreted from a local source and diffuses in a naive field of cells to establish a concentration gradient that peaks at the source. We denote the morphogen diffusion coefficient by DM and its degradation rate by αM. The shape of the morphogen is determined by the diffusion equation
with a constant flux ηM at the origin (x = 0). Boundary conditions at x = L have a negligible effect on the system under most conditions (SI Text), and we assumed either reflecting or absorbing boundaries at x = L or, alternatively, M = 0 at infinity (SI Text). We further assume an additional diffusible molecule, the expander E, which influences (directly or indirectly) the degradation rate or the diffusion of the morphogen, so that
are monotonically increasing (DM) or decreasing (αM) functions of the expander concentration [E]. Note that the diffusion and degradation rates may depend on the level of morphogen [M], accounting for possible nonlinear effects. Finally, we assume that expander production is repressed by morphogen signaling, so that the expander distribution is given by the reaction diffusion equation
where Trep denotes the repression threshold, and h is some Hill coefficient. Without loss of generality, we assume reflective boundary conditions (SI Text). Together, Eqs. 1–3 define the expansion-repression feedback topology (Fig. 1A).
To see how this feedback provides for the scaling of pattern with size, it is instructive to follow the dynamics of gradient formation. The morphogen diffuses and degrades across the field, generating a graded distribution. The expander is produced in distal regions of the tissue where signaling is low. Accumulation of the expander leads to the broadening of the morphogen gradient, which, in turn, narrows down the expander production domain (Fig. 1B). Steady state is reached when the gradient stops expanding, that is, when the expander stops accumulating. Assuming that the expander is stable, steady state will be reached only when the expander production stops, namely when its production is inhibited in virtually the entire field and specifically in the distal-most point (x = L). This way, the steady-state level of morphogen at the distal-most position is pinned to the level required for the expander repression, Trep, leading to the overall adjustment of morphogen spread according to the size of the field.
Notably, the adjustment of the profile to a specific boundary value through the regulation of its spread (length scale) is very different from the adjustment achieved by simply specifying a boundary condition. The latter affects the profile locally and usually has a moderate effect on the overall level of morphogen gradient and does not lead to scaling (SI Text).
Analytical Approximation.
To better illustrate the scaling mechanism, we rewrite Eq. 1 as
with τ some typical time scale, λ a typical length scale, and f([M]) a degradation term. For example, when a morphogen degrades linearly, τ−1 is given by the degradation rate, and f([M]) = [M]. The expander E functions to modulate λ, with λ = λ([E]) a monotonically increasing function of [E]. Changing variables to , we can write
For simplicity (and without loss of generality, SI Text), we assume L >> λ. λ then affects the morphogen profile only through y (the scaled coordinate) and ρ (the scaled concentration), implying that the steady-state profile can be written as
with ρst and λst the steady-state values of ρ and λ.
Consider now the dynamics of gradient formation. As the expander accumulates, both λ and ρ increase in value, narrowing the region where the expander is expressed. We further assume that the expander diffuses rapidly and degrades slowly so that it is approximately uniform across the field and continues to accumulate as long as it is produced. Under these conditions, the system will arrive at a steady state only when the expander production is repressed throughout the field. In particular, at the distal pole x = L, which is the lowest point of the gradient, the steady-state profile must satisfy
The solution to Eq. 7 defines a steady-state length scale that is, to a good approximation, proportional to system size:
Substituting in Eq. 6 implies the scaling of the full gradient:
The gradient is scaled because its profile depends on the spatial coordinate x only through the relative position, .
Note that scaling in Eq. 9 is not precise, because the effective production rate ρ may still be a function of λ and hence of L. Perfect scaling occurs only in systems that are completely insensitive (robust) to morphogen production rate ρ. However, we find that deviation from scaling due to this dependency is typically small.
Numerical Analysis.
To further examine the generality of scaling within the expansion-repression topology, we performed numerical analysis, screening systematically different parameters and degradation schemes of Eqs. 1–3 (Experimental Procedures). For each parameter set, we derived the position boundaries defined by three concentration thresholds and evaluated these boundaries for fields of normal (L) and double (2L) sizes (Fig. 1 C and D). Parameter sets for which all position boundaries scaled with the size of the field were considered positive for scaling (Experimental Procedures).
Scaling was observed for a large class of networks (Fig. 1E and SI Text). As expected from the analytical treatment, the expander in these networks was widely diffusing () and continued to accumulate throughout most of the dynamics. Small, yet finite degradation of the expander (αE) was compensated by residual production that was maintained also at steady state. Scaling was observed in a wide variety of degradation schemes, including linear degradation (Fig. 1 F and G), quadratic degradation (Fig. S1, Table S1), or combinations of the two (Fig. 1E). The numerical analysis further verified the analytically derived link between scaling and robustness: 76% of the systems that scaled were relatively robust to fluctuations in morphogen production rate (Experimental Procedures) (SI Text).
Scaling was maintained also if we allowed slow growth of the tissue (Fig.1 F and G). We included the interaction of morphogen with receptors and the possibility of receptor-mediated endocytosis and verified that scaling is maintained (Fig. S2). Finally, extending the analysis to related topologies that similarly rely on a single morphogen and a diffusible molecule that modulates its spread revealed that scaling is unique to the expansion-repression feedback (SI Text).
Implementation of the Expansion-Repression Feedback by a Morphogen-Inhibitor Circuit.
The expansion-repression model is general in the sense that it does not specify the molecular mechanism by which the expander increases the range of the morphogen gradient. In fact, the expander can be associated with different molecular functions besides its role in scaling. To illustrate this, we analyze a common morphogen-inhibitor circuit and show that it can provide scaling by implementing the expansion-repression feedback.
In a simple morphogen-inhibitor system (Fig. 2A), the morphogen signaling is prevented by an extracellular inhibitor I that directly binds the morphogen and forms an inert diffusible complex, MI. This form of inhibition is quite common, exemplified, e.g., by the inhibition of bone morphogenic protein (BMP)s by Noggin (16). We further assume that the production of the inhibitor is repressed by morphogen signaling.
The expansion-repression mechanism is realized when the binding of the morphogen to the inhibitor protects it from degradation. This will be the case, for example, when a morphogen is degraded through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The same mechanism can also be realized when the paired morphogen inhibitor diffuses more rapidly than the free morphogen itself (17, 18). In both cases, the inhibitor facilitates the spread of the morphogen, an effect that was recently described for Wnt ligands and their Frizzled related inhibitors (19). If the inhibitor is also repressed by morphogen signaling, it can promote scaling through the expansion-repression feedback.
To see this, consider the simplest situation in which inhibitor binding simply prevents the morphogen from binding to its receptor R, limiting endocytosis. Using numerical simulations, we followed the dynamics of gradient formation. As was described for the general expansion-repression feedback, also here the gradient is initially narrow, allowing inhibitor production in a wide region, but it subsequently widens following the accumulation of the inhibitor. Steady state is achieved when the inhibitor expression is repressed in virtually the entire field and in particular in the distal-most region (SI Text, Fig. S3).
Indeed, the steady-state distribution of the bound morphogen in this system, MR can also be solved analytically (SI Text), giving
with coefficients ρ and μ that depend on different parameters and μ being a weak function of L. Thus, the concentration profile is largely a function of the relative position x/L and not of the absolute position x. Note that also here, scaling is not precise, because the maximal morphogen level ρ still depends on L. However, this deviation is typically small outside of the proximal-most regions, as we verified by numerical simulations (Fig. 2 B–D and SI Text). Using a similar analysis we confirmed that scaling can also be implemented by an inhibitor that competes with the morphogen over interaction with the receptors, (e.g., Dkk1 and Wnt ligands, ref. 20) (Fig. 2 E and F and SI Text).
Scaling of the BMP Gradient in the Xenopus Dorsal–Ventral Axis.
Another model that implements the expansion-repression feedback is the one we proposed recently to explain the scaling of the BMP activation gradient in the early Xenopus embryo (17, 21). Although this system appears very different from the general expansion-repression topology, reanalysis of the scaling mechanisms revealed that it is based on the same concept. The BMP activation gradient is established by a molecular network whose main components include two BMP ligands, Bmp4 and Admp, and an extracellular inhibitor of BMP ligands, Chordin. As we show, within the model Admp plays a dual role in being both a morphogen and the expander.
The model postulates that the BMP ligands, and in particular Admp, accumulate at the ventral-most region, irrespectively of where they are produced. This accumulation is due to their effective transport by the inhibitor Chordin, whose localized production at the dorsal pole is the source of asymmetry in this system. Chordin, coming from the dorsal pole, binds the BMP ligands and facilitates their diffusion and disposition at the ventral side. This effective "shuttling" is particularly important for Admp, which, similarly to Chordin, is produced at the dorsal side. Thus, the Admp gradient peaks at the ventral pole, although it is produced dorsally.
The basic gradient can be established by Bmp4 alone. However, as Admp accumulates at the ventral side, it leads to an effective widening of the activation gradient. This way, it plays the role of the expander. admp is repressed by morphogen signaling (22), closing the expansion-repression feedback loop by fixing the steady-state signaling level at the dorsal-most pole to the threshold required to repress admp. Scaling follows through the expansion-repression feedback described above, leading to a steady-state activation profile,
with Trep the BMP signaling threshold for admp repression (17).
Scaling of pattern with size is essential for a reliable patterning during development. Yet, it is not explained by most models of morphogen gradients. Here, we show that scaling emerges as a natural property of a feedback topology that we term expansion repression. The key advantage of this model is that scaling stems from the network structure. Therefore, it is relatively insensitive to the specific details and parameters of its molecular implementation, allowing integration into a variety of biological processes.
The expansion-repression feedback topology is based on two diffusible components: a morphogen and an expander. Patterning is determined by the spatial distribution of the morphogen, but the width of this distribution increases with the accumulating levels of the expander. Finally, the expander is relatively stable and its production is repressed by morphogen signaling. The precise implementation may vary: The interaction between the morphogen and the expander can be direct or indirect; the expander could affect morphogen spread by controlling its diffusion, degradation, or other interactions; and morphogen degradation may be linear or nonlinear. The expander itself may have other biological roles, such as a morphogen inhibitor or a morphogen itself, as shown in the examples we provide.
It is interesting to note that the expansion-repression topology is analogous to an integral-feedback controller. An integral-feedback controller calculates the error between the actual and desired outputs and adjusts the controlled variable on the basis of the time integral of this error. In the expansion-repression topology, the controlled variable is the characteristic length of the morphogen profile, λ, and the objective is to adjust λ with the system size L (Fig. 3, Fig. S4). The desired gradient is one in which the expander is not produced, and thus the current error corresponds to the region where the expander is produced. This error is integrated through accumulation of the expander as it is produced over time. The accumulated expander increases λ, resulting in an expanded gradient, in which the expander production domain, i.e., the error, is now smaller. The process ends when the error is zero, that is, when the expander is repressed in virtually the entire field (although in actual implementation some residual production is allowed) (SI Text, Table S2).
Integral control is a fundamental concept in engineering that is used in diverse applications. In a biological context, such controllers were implicated in the robust sensory adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis (23), in maintaining fixed levels of ligand-receptor complexes (24), and in yeast homeostasis (25). Our study suggests that this concept might be effectively used also in facilitating the scaling of pattern with size during developmental patterning.
Experimental Procedures
Numerical Analysis.
The system was modeled using reaction diffusion equations and was solved numerically for two lengths, L1 = 100 μm and L2 = 200 μm, while scanning systematically a multidimensional parameter space. Consistent sets were those that displayed a steady-state profile that was biologically valid, i.e., sharp, graded, with a proximal maximum and distal minimum for both lengths. Scaling was assessed by measuring the change in the position boundaries associated with three signalings upon doubling L1. Position boundaries at L1 were fixed to be x = 25 μm, x = 50 μm, and x = 75 μm. A system was scored positive for scaling if the average relative change in those three positions was <10%. Simulations were done using a home-improved version of MATLAB's PDEPE solver.
Numerical Analysis of Scaling in the Expansion-Repression Topology.
The expansion-repression topology was modeled using the reaction-diffusion equations
with a constant flux ηM of M from x = 0 and reflective boundaries for all other boundary conditions. Parameters p1 ∈ {−1, 1} and p2 ∈ {0, 1} were used to define the four possible topologies, with expansion–repression realized for (p1, p2) = (−1, 0). Eight parameters were screened, ranging at least two orders of magnitude, and . Over 400,000 parameter sets were screened (Table S1). A parameter set was considered robust if the average relative deviation of the three positions was <0.1 when the morphogen flux was halved or doubled.
Screen for Scaling in the Morphogen-Inhibitor System.
By assuming receptors are not saturated and that morphogen–receptor interactions are fast (SI Text), we obtain the following equations:
Eqs. 13 were solved numerically with reflective boundary conditions and flux ηM of M from x = 0. We screened eight parameters, , over at least two orders of magnitude and kept remaining parameters constant (Table S3). Over 63,000 parameter sets were tested. See SI Text, Table S4, for full details of the screens, and Table S5 for parameters of simulations and figures in the text.
We thank Mr. Shlomi Kotler, Dr. Dani Glück, and members of our group for fruitful discussions. D.B.-Z. is supported by the Adams Fellowship Program of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. This work was supported by the European Research Council, the Israel Science Foundation, Minerva, and the Hellen and Martin Kimmel award for innovative investigations.
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: naama.barkai{at}weizmann.ac.il.
Author contributions: D.B.-Z. and N.B. designed research; D.B.-Z. and N.B. performed research; and D.B.-Z. and N.B. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0912734107/DCSupplemental.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Dessaud E,
- McMahon AP,
- Briscoe J
- ↵
- O'Connor MB,
- Umulis D,
- Othmer HG,
- Blair SS
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Bollenbach T,
- et al.
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Umulis DM
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- Mii Y,
- Taira M
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
- ↵
Citation Manager Formats
Article Classifications
- Biological Sciences
- Developmental Biology
- Physical Sciences
- Engineering


text:
Kettlebells are a "must have†tool in my opinion. Strength, endurance, power, mobility, stability; they really are a "one stop shopâ€. Regardless of what your fitness goals are, the kettlebell is a tool that can help you get there.
There are thousands of exercises, drills, and variations out there when it comes to using the bells. Here's a quick clip with RKC Dr. Jenn showing a few of my favorites.
About Doug
Doug Balzarini, CSCS, MMA-CC, is the owner of DB Strength, which provides fitness training, education, and resources. He is also the strength and conditioning coach for Alliance MMA where he works with UFC Champion Dominick Cruz, Phil Davis, Brandon Vera, Travis Browne, Ross Pearson, Alexander Gustafsson, and more. Prior to starting his own business, Doug worked at Fitness Quest 10 as a personal trainer, strength coach, and Operations Director for Todd Durkin Enterprises (TDE).
He has completed some graduate work in Biomechanics at SDSU and has obtained multiple certifications including ACE, NSCA-CSCS, MMA-CC, TRX instructor training, EFI Gravity instructor training, LIFT Sandbag Certification, and FMS training. He has produced his own 2-DVD set on strength training for combat athletes, appeared in many fitness videos and articles, and was recently a coach on "The Ultimate Fighter†TV show.
For more information please visit www.dbstrength.com.


text:
News agencies are reporting this evening that Israel has put out a call for bids "to build more than 300 new homes in a disputed east Jerusalem neighborhood".
Actually, the area affected is Har Homa, just outside Bethlehem (which is just to the south of the main area of Jerusalem); the site is known in Arabic as Jebel Gheneim, and when Israel first began building on this hill top between Jerusalem and Bethlehem in 1997 — in the middle of the Oslo process — the UN Security Council met in crisis session for weeks on the matter.
The Jebel Gheneim area was one of the most beautiful green wooded hilltops in Palestine, say the Palestinians. Now, it is covered with buildings, and a 10-or 12-story hotel has gone up recently, apparently to accomodate visitors.
The Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem (ARIJ), which is actually located just inside The Wall in Bethlehem, offers these views:
Here are two images of Jebel Abu Gheneim/Har Homa from 1997 posted on the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs website —
(1) the view of the green forest:
(2) Planned construction – red indicates roads, green indicates open public areas, other colors indicate various construction plans
AP reported today that "A Housing Ministry spokesman said 307 units would be built in Har Homa, a Jewish neighborhood in east Jerusalem … Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said he sent an urgent message to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, asking her to block the project from moving forward".
However, Israel says this is not a settlement, so it will not be frozen, as Israel should do if it's to fulfill its Phase One Road Map requirements. AP added that " 'Israel makes a clear distinction between the West Bank and Jerusalem', said Mark Regev, spokesman for Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. 'Israel has never made a commitment to limit our sovereignty in Jerusalem. Implementation of the first phase of the road map does not apply to Jerusalem'." The AP news report is posted here.
Agence France Press reported that "The Palestinians slammed the move as an attempt to undermine the renewed peace drive which was officially launched after a seven-year hiatus at an international peace conference in the United States last week. 'The Israel Land Administration has published a tender for the construction of 307 housing units in Har Homa', an official in the housing ministry told AFP, referring to a neighbourhood in east Jerusalem. At the Annapolis conference last week, Israel and the Palestinians pledged to implement the 2003 roadmap plan, the first phase of which calls on Israel to freeze all settlement activity and for Palestinians to improve security … Israel does not consider construction in east Jerusalem — which it captured in the 1967 Six-Day war — as settlement growth because it annexed the Arab part of the Holy City shortly after the conflict [actually, Israel extended its administration to East Jerusalem in 1967, but it announced only in 1980 that Jerusalem would be Israel's eternal and undivided capital — the UN declared this action null and void, and, despite Israel's invitation, only three or four countries have moved their embassies to Jerusalem]. 'The neighbourhood is under the jurisdiction of the Jerusalem municipality and does not require any authorisation of the defence ministry', which issues construction permits for settlements in the West Bank, the official said. But the annexation of east Jerusalem has not been recognised by the international community, and Palestinians want to make it the capital of their future state. Palestinian peace negotiator Saeb Erakat lambasted the move, which comes a week before Israeli and Palestinian teams are to hold their first talks on a permanent peace deal which the sides aim to clinch by the end of 2008. 'This blatant Israeli violation of the roadmap will destroy any trust among all the nations that have participated in the Annapolis conference', Erakat said in a statement. 'If Israel does not backtrack and cancel this settlement decision it will undermine the results of the Annapolis conference before they have even begun to be implemented', he added". The AFP report is here.


text:
CSN Chicago will be carrying live coverage of the IHSA Birls Basketball State Championships beginning on Friday and continuing Saturday with Class 1A and 2A. Each telecast will be streamed live on CSNChicago.com and IHSA.tv, and will be made available via the NBC Sports app on tablets and smart phones.
CSN will also air highlights packages throughout the weekend, and live stream every postgame press conference.
Viewers are urged to visit CSNChicago.com's Channel finder or IHSA.org for complete channel location details for all games throughout the state.
[LIVE STREAM: Watch the IHSA Boys Basketball State Championships on CSN]
For a full list of carriers and more information about CSN's live streaming service, viewers are urged to visit the following link: www.csnchicago.com/live-faq.
Here's what the schedule looks like this weekend:
Friday, March 10:
11:00 a.m. – Class 1A Semifinal No. 1: Hope Academy vs. St. Anthony (Live on CSN)
12:45 p.m. – Class 1A Semifinal No. 2: Okawville vs. Newark (Live on CSN)
5:30 p.m. – Class 2A Semifinal No. 1: Bishop McNamara vs. Mount Carmel (Live on CSN+)
7:15 p.m. – Class 2A Semifinal No. 2: Orr vs. Monticello (Live on CSN+)
Saturday, March 11:
11 a.m. – Class 1A: Consolation game (Teams TBD)
12:45 p.m. – Class 1A: Championship game (Teams TBD)
5:30 p.m. – Class 2A: Consolation game (Teams TBD)
7:15 p.m. – Class 2A: Championship game (Teams TBD)


text:
GoPro Inc (NASDAQ:GPRO) Will Hit An All-time Low At $5
- The action camera maker reported weaker-than-expected quarterly sales and issued a disappointing outlook
- Net loss grows despite drones release.
- GoPro's sales fell 27% annually last year
- Price dropped from $199 to $149 due to overstocking.
- GoPro's cash flow will dry up and it would need to tap its credit facility to stay afloat.
Overall, the bias in prices is: Downwards.
Short term: Prices are moving.
Intermediate term: Prices are trending.
By the way, prices are vulnerable to a correction towards 8.83.
The projected upper bound is: 9.20.
The projected lower bound is: 7.58.
The projected closing price is: 8.39.
GOPRO INC A closed down -0.010 at 8.410. Volume was 53% below average (consolidating) and Bollinger Bands were 37% narrower than normal.
Open High Low Close Volume
8.570 8.570 8.310 8.410 1,797,316
Technical Outlook
Short Term: Neutral
Intermediate Term: Bearish
Long Term: Bearish
Moving Averages: 10-period 50-period 200-period
Close: 8.62 8.56 11.10
Volatility: 60 63 63
Volume: 4,446,872 3,573,944 5,619,917
Short-term traders should pay closer attention to buy/sell arrows while intermediate/long-term traders should place greater emphasis on the Bullish or Bearish trend reflected in the lower ribbon.
Summary GoPro
GOPRO INC A is currently 24.2% below its 200-period moving average and is in an downward trend. Volatility is extremely high when compared to the average volatility over the last 10 periods. There is a good possibility that volatility will decrease and prices will stabilize in the near term. Our volume indicators reflect volume flowing into and out of GPRO.O at a relatively equal pace (neutral). Our trend forecasting oscillators are currently bearish on GPRO.O and have had this outlook for the last 1 periods.
GoPro HEFFX Momentum
Momentum is a general term used to describe the speed at which prices move over a given time period. Generally, changes in momentum tend to lead to changes in prices. This expert shows the current values of four popular momentum indicators.
Stochastic Oscillator
One method of interpreting the Stochastic Oscillator is looking for overbought areas (above 80) and oversold areas (below 20). The Stochastic Oscillator is 32.8829. This is not an overbought or oversold reading. The last signal was a buy 4 period(s) ago.
Relative Strength Index (RSI)
The RSI shows overbought (above 70) and oversold (below 30) areas. The current value of the RSI is 44.94. This is not a topping or bottoming area. A buy or sell signal is generated when the RSI moves out of an overbought/oversold area. The last signal was a buy 36 period(s) ago.
Commodity Channel Index (CCI)
The CCI shows overbought (above 100) and oversold (below -100) areas. The current value of the CCI is -72. This is not a topping or bottoming area. The last signal was a buy 1 period(s) ago.
The Moving Average Convergence/Divergence indicator (MACD) gives signals when it crosses its 9 period signal line. The last signal was a sell 6 period(s) ago.
GoPro, Inc. (GoPro) produces cameras and mountable and wearable accessories. The Company's product offerings include HERO5, which is a line of cloud-connected cameras featuring image stabilization, telemetry, cloud connectivity and voice control; GoPro Plus, which is a cloud-based storage solution that enables subscribers to access, edit and share content; Quik, which is a mobile editing application that creates edits on a smartphone; Capture, which is a mobile application that allows users to preview and play back shots, control their GoPro cameras and share content on the fly using their smartphones; Karma, which is its compact and foldable drone and versatile stabilization solution that includes the Karma controller, and camera stabilizer, and it all fits in a custom backpack, and Karma Grip, which is a handheld, body-mountable camera stabilizer. It also offers a full ecosystem of mountable, wearable and voice activated accessories.
John Heffernan
Latest posts by John Heffernan (see all)
- Singapore Airlines Ltd. HEFFX Highlights - October 13, 2019
- Singapore Telecommunications HEFFX Highlights - October 13, 2019
- Keppel HEFFX Highlights - October 13, 2019


text:
Learn With Us!
Hi! We're Carrie and Nina, Art teachers, Bible teachers, Wedding planners, moms and creative entrepreneurs.
Our COURSES are creatively designed to remind you to forget not the LORD in all areas of life. Each lesson is written for any age, ability and learning style.
Although we have written these courses with homeschoolers in mind, they can be used as individual studies, church classes or small group devotions.


text:
How does Reviewer Groups work?
1 Reserve 2 Buy on Amazon 3 Submit order ID 4 Test & review item 5 Submit review screenshot 6 Receive test refund
USB C to USB C Cable 6.6ft/2M, Nimaso USB Type C 100W 20V/5A PD Fast Charging Date Cable with E-Mark Chip for MacBook, Macbook Pro...
Country: UK
Category: Cell Phones & Accessories
Price: £5.99 -- Refund after test and review
USD: $7.33 (Local currency refund amount will vary with USD exchange rates.)
Video: A video (minimum of 45 seconds) is required for this test review (Bonus reward: $20)
No longer available


text:
Road safety groups today criticised police for mounting a costly operation to prove a young woman was eating an apple while driving.
In a rare case which her solicitor called `nonsense', Sarah McCaffery was accused of not being in proper control of her car as she held the apple while taking a bend.
She was found guilty and fined #60 after a trial at South Tyneside Magistrates' Court yesterday, which lasted around two-and-a-half hours.
The case is estimated to have cost taxpayers #10,000 and had 10 court hearings.
Northumbria Police and the Crown Prosecution Service had ordered aerial photographs, a video shot from the force aircraft and a video recording from a police car as part of their evidence.
But founder of the Safe Speed campaign Paul Smith branded the case a waste of time and money.
He said: "The police allocate far too many resources to trivial technical offences when they should use those resources on real road dangers.
"The proper measure of control is nowhere near as simple as holding the steering wheel with two hands."
McCaffery's solicitor Geoffrey Forrester said there had been two air-borne missions to gather evidence.
Mr Forrester said: "This should never have come to court and the entire prosecution is nonsense."
But South Tyneside magistrates ruled that McCaffery, 23, of Blackpool Parade, Hebburn, was not in proper control of her Ford Ka as she negotiated a left-hand turn with an apple in her right hand.
After the case, Alan Dodd, of the Association of British Drivers, said: "While I see the point about not being in full control I don't know about the punishment fitting the crime."
McCaffery was fined #60 and ordered to pay #100 costs at the 10th hearing into the case, which started at 8.20am on December 4, 2003, when she was pulled over by PC Lee Butler in Monkton Lane, Hebburn.
The officer told the court he was sat in his stationary patrol car when he saw a woman driving with her right hand by her face and believed she may be using a mobile phone.
He stopped her and discovered she was holding an apple. He then issued her with a #30 fixed penalty ticket. Chairman of the bench Ken Buck said: "We accept there are times when you can drive with one hand but, in holding an apple while negotiating a left hand turn, we consider you not to have been in full control."
Chris Kay, prosecuting, said the cost of the case, not including the aerial photos and video, was #425.
A Northumbria Police spokesman said: "As the defendant chose for the matter to go to trial rather than accept a fixed penalty notice, we were obliged to gather all appropriate evidence to present our case. Costs do not have a bearing on any decision to prosecute."
Tory MEP Martin Callanan demanded an inquiry. He said: "Police seem to be obsessed with persecuting the motorist when the public want them to be out there catching car thieves and burglars." Sarah said last night: "It's a joke they put so much effort into this. You'd think they had better things to do."


text:
Bibliography of Japanese History to 1912
Go to Database
A completely revised bibliography of Japanese history to the end of the Meiji period, by Peter Kornicki. The original appeared in 1996 (UC-Davis has this copy at H/SS Reference, call no. DS835 K67 1996.) The bibliography is arranged by period and also by topics such as foreign relations 1800-1900 and Meiji economic, intellectual, social, and military history.
Meiji Period


text:
If the loan is not repaid in full over the first paydayloan, a new finance charge is additional and the cycle repeats. The typical debtor pays 520 in charges to repeatedly borrow 375, according to The Pew Charitable Trusts. That's why best payday loans loans are risky — it's easy to become trapped into a cycle of money and expensive to get out. Lenders will continue to attempt to withdraw cash from your accounts, occasionally breaking amounts into smaller chunks to raise the likelihood that the payment will undergo. Each failed effort can activate bank fees .
When you're facing an emergency — auto repairs, medical bills or other unexpected expenses — it may appear that your only alternative is that a best payday loans loan. It's not. If you have any type of questions concerning where and just how to make use of best payday loans, you can contact us at our web site. You've got other options which are much less expensive and best payday loans risky compared to best payday loans loans. We've looked throughout the nation and located local and regional resources that can help with emergency costs, whether through support programs or smaller loans. Choose your state below and discover alternatives near you
Browsing lenders to obtain the right short-term loan for you — just one that isn't given with a lender — can be tiresome when everything you wish to do is get a quick fix to get a financial emergency.hat's where best payday loans loan testimonials arrive in. Compare lenders based on your needs and find a respectable company that will assist you during a crisis.
An online private loan through My Payday Loan can help you find overnight money to help cover emergency expenses. But unlike with the greatest private loans, you're going to end up paying high rates of interest and have less than fourteen days to pay back your loan. Money loans on the internet are more convenient to get than traditional loans but more difficult to repay in the long term. With a loan from My best payday loans Loan, the APR ranges between 600 percent and 1,500 percent, which as a best payday loans case scenario remains three times as expensive as the typical personal loan online. You can only be accepted for best payday loans up to $1,000 — that might be a blessing in disguise, as almost any loan in My Payday Loan is very pricey.


text:
Sagrado Femenino
A Gris Gris bag for the sacred women. Now more than ever we must protect ourselves and remember how powerful we are! This bag is to serve as a reminder of our inner strength. Roses, lavender, yarrow, Damiana leaf and rosemary oil all come together in this powerful tool.


text:
Real Name: Justin Van O'Neal
Born: March 5, 1993 (Columbia, South Carolina)
Genre: Hip-Hop/Rap
Albums: All I Ever Knew, Millennium EP, Limitless, Inception
Record Labels: Killumbia Inc. Records, X-Rated Mafia Records
Jay-Oh is a recording artist from Charleston, SC. He is an inspiration to the new generation of up and coming artists. He is signed to Killumbia Inc. Records & is the founder of the #SCMUZIK movement. He began his music career back in 2012 and released his first mixtape by 2013. He released his second album 'LIMITLESS' two later! It showcased a new sound and style as well as features from state heavyweights King Killumbia & Ben G.
In 2019 he released his newest project All I Ever Knew. Currently he is working on his fourth studio album executively produced by King Killumbia. Set to have several celebrity features. His confidence and strive has taken him through many shows and many moments. Jay-Oh is here to share his story to the world and represent for South Carolina.
Jay-Oh has worked with artists such as La Chat, King Killumbia, Ben G & more!


text:
Why You Should Use a Cold Wallet for Cryptocurrency Storage
As cryptocurrency has continued to become more and more popular, so too has the need for proper cryptocurrency security. Since its inception in 2009, Bitcoin's
As cryptocurrency has continued to become more and more popular, so too has the need for proper cryptocurrency security. Since its inception in 2009, Bitcoin's
Welcome to the future of cryptocurrency cold storage. We are so excited to invite you into a safer, more secure world of cryptocurrency. As bitcoin
CES is a technology trading show that allows companies and consumers to showcase the newest technologies in the electronics industry. CES which is organized by
It is well-known among the digital currency community that "hot wallets" are susceptible to hacking. As previously discussed, owners of cryptocurrency are often drawn to
As tensions ran high in Hong Kong's anti-government demonstrations, the Chinese government began use of biometric and facial recognition surveillance to identify protesters. Angered by
Last month the Wall Street Journal reported United Airlines will introduce biometric screening to major city airports in Chicago, Houston, and Newark and get passengers
Amidst a wave of state regulatory measures concerning digital currency, on March 6, 2019, the governor of Colorado signed into law SB19-023, which enacted the
Traditional custody solutions — meaning, those without multi-signature verification — drastically increase security risk and vulnerability. Cryptocurrency exchanges, as well as fully custodial services, lack
Integrating biometric technology into authentication systems requires careful consideration of many important issues and dynamics, such as: Information privacyLifecycle managementCustomer experience and convenienceConsumer securitySystem reliability
In response to the absence of industry-wide uniformity concerning protocol for monitoring and validating the performance of biometric solutions, the FIDO ("Fast Identity Online") Alliance
It's common knowledge that biometric technology is the most secure protocol for identity authentication across a wide variety of industries. For example, in consumer markets,
It is well-established that cold wallets offer the most secure framework for cryptocurrency storage. Unlike hot wallets—which function more like checking accounts—cold wallets are comparable
This website uses cookies for functionality, analytics and advertising purposes as described in our Privacy Policy. If you agree to our use of cookies, please continue to use our site.


text:
"He is the inventor of a PILL that will straighten a Roman nose into Grecian; sharpen a bullet-nose to a keen edge; and bring down the most inveterate pug-nose to a reasonable degree of earthy mindedness: delivery. Artificial Eyes inserted." It was probably easier to get a satisfactory glass Chicago Eye and Ear Infirmary, and three years later the first Eye and Ear Clinic west of the Mississippi was established in Missouri by Simon Pollack: overnight. As previously stated, forty-seven per cent, of the students of the Chautauqua School are practical nurses to begin with; though untrained scientifically, they counter had therefore (some during many years) acquired considerable experience at the bedside before entering the school. In this way, we think, he would have met with more favour in these days of high pressure, in which it is difficult to find time to deal with anything except the online very barest essentials. Drug - this test alone distinguishes the metallic molecules from all impurities, the specific gravity manifests itself only in the larger particles, the very fine ones swim on the surface, or float in the body of the liquid. Buy - medio- canellata; the various, chiefly visceral, diseases of stock which depend on larvae of the iania which is due to a larva, mostly of the t. In the brief discussion which followed, the strongest exception was mg taken to the views expressed followed witii a paper on this subject. This treatment is applicable to and likely to over bs successful only in early cases, those in which residual urine is not more than a few ounces and there is no atony of the bladder.
Where next such destitution or neglect is due to the misconduct of the parents or guardians of the child, it is the duty of the legislature to visit that misconduct with penal consequences." SECTION ON CHEMI.STRY AND PHYSICS IN KELA land read a paper on" The Present State of our Knowledge Concerning the Self-purification of Rivers." He I ontcndcd that the evidence of self-purification was wholly by the reading of a paper by Sir Henry Thompson, entitled" Recent Proposals Relating to Burial and Cremation, and the Importance of Disinfecting all Bodies Dying from Infectious Disease, with Remarks on the Present System of Certifying the Cause of Death."'Fhe author water-supply was a common occurrence in the neighborhood of graveyards and cemeteries. In "max" the Transactions of the American Otological more rapidly and permanently when applications of silver nitrate are inade in the tube than when other measures are alone used. Powders containing fennentible "analyzer" vegetable matter should be eschewed. Canada - a review of similar cases in the literature closes the article.
Day - the application of these observations to the cases of ordinary senile cataract, beginning by a separation of the nucleus from the lamellfe, and later having opaque spots and its conclusion. A building fund has been created, but it is as yet very small, amounting pecuniaxy vupport of the charitable, and we can scarcely believe that it will Paracentesis cod Thoraois: A Besume of Twelve Years (Read before the Boston Society of Medical Obserration.) in the wfmencon Medical MonMy an analysis of twenty-five cases of the same. Also, uk he doesn't hurry to sift the mixture of herbs until it has been reduced to a fine powder, so that every ingredient comes out of the mortar together, then he gradually sifts it. The "order" womb, as was said, was imusually large, and perfectly soUd. If the patient is unable to leave home, we can only endeavor to protect him from all harmful influences and relieve symptoms as far as public assemblies the should be avoided. Insomnia generic due to gout and to toxic agents, orominent place, and many prescriptions are given which the author has found to be of service. During the procedure the patient showed no effect of the chloroform other than that zombies usually seen under similar circumstances; in fact, there was no failure in respiration at any time, and, indeed, no vomiting at all.
If it were, why was there no fetor as in ozaena, which was caused by cheapest dead bone? Dr. Taste shopping in mouth like putrid water.
© Platero y Tú 2003-2005 :: Si tienes algún problema o consulta, contacta con email@example.com


text:
Rohini Assembly Election Result 2020 HIGHLIGHTS: Bharatiya Janata Party leader Vijender Gupta has defeated Rajesh Bansiwala of AAP by 12648. The BJP leader got 62174 votes while the AAP candidate could get only 49526 votes. Sumesh Gupta of Congress got 1963 votes. Gupta is presently a member of the Legislative Assembly from this seat.
In the 2015 elections, Gupta was one of the three BJP candidates to win. He was also then president of the party's Delhi unit. He had defeated Aam Aadmi Party candidate CL Gupta by a margin of 5,000 votes and appointed the Leader of Opposition in the Delhi assembly.
AAP's Rajesh Garg had won the Rohini seat in the 2013 polls. Garg defeated then BJP's sitting MLA Jai Bhagwan Aggarwal by a margin of nearly 1,500 votes. This election, Gupta was contesting against AAP's Rajesh Nama Bansiwala. Rajesh joined the AAP in 2019 ahead of the Lok Sabha elections. He was earlier with the Congress party. The Congress party had fielded Sumesh Gupta from the Rohini seat.


text:
Remember there are many and tons of style writers, but if get an outstanding and specific design (and the time) you are likely to surely identify your way. Going through your brilliant blog has to be at least a person year-old. Discover much more you can do in order to your site however , you must ensure that you take things slowly and with patience. A style weblog is a superb way for internet vendors to create lots of regular, relevant fashion content material for their site. There's a incorrect and right means to trigger a fashion blog page. Even before you start your very own fashion blog you also need to make note of which you need to make a decision as to what platform you are choose as well as the topic for the blog. Every single post is rather small with very light font which makes it tough to browse .
The name for my blog proved to be a joint work. The name you ultimately choose for your blog page has to be a pure suit that really expresses who you will be, as it's the gist of your personal personal brand. You would like a blog identity they can relate to and help it is come to be clear what their blog is about. The blog term you select will be with you for quite some time to come. If you're enthusiastic about fashion you can open up the fashion blog page too. Manner is about visual aspect, therefore it is crucial that you make your blog seem amazing. When it is your love, and you are happy to put in the job, a fashion weblog is a massively enjoyable method to become involved in one the most profitable industries on earth. It can be a challenging enough factor to get your mind around, even without an online presence. Given it has to do with style, color is a strong method of send non-verbal messages about your confidence and capacity. Therefore, you will discover that fashion is one of the discussed matter on the web.
Considering the assistance of fantastic content material, you can be sure you're able to enhance your blog to the next level. Anyone who starts off a style blog page should be realistic concerning the difficult task. Starting a method blog is definitely the simple portion. The perfect way to begin a style weblog outright should be to post three or more instances each week, ideally on weekdays. To start with, you can search for some Indian fashion websites which are previously doing well and see how they're creating the fresh articles.
Started in 2013, the blog consists of over 75 blog posts in styling ideas, fashion statements, way of living choices along with raising a child ideas to teen mothers. A style blog might add trustworthiness to fashion website by showing that the software provider is up along with the hottest movements and knows about the fashion marketplace. There are many ways you'll be able to promote your fashion blog, and that means you will need to first know what methods you can expect to manage yourself and the ones that you will outsource. There's a great deal of Fashion DO IT YOURSELF blogs linked to exactly the same matter.
Starting a blog certainly is the simple component. It's more than likely that there are a lot of weblogs in your niche already and also you might be lured to make yourself stick out by employing a quirky weblog name. A number of blogs are being designed each minute. A terrific blog is minutely focused on a single subject matter. You want to create a good blog page that includes your very best job. With all these blogs www.btgi.com.sg out there, it can be difficult to stand out.
The blog has become the the majority of creative personal fashion record. Altogether, Trend Blog supplies you the framework with regard to style and functionality all you have to do is provide the latest fashion trends. A mode blog regarding the newest fashion or clothing will naturally include a lot of relevant keywords thus will be ideal for bringing a lot of interested customers into a site. Thus while blog isn't costly, you're going to require some cash to begin. Whatever industry you want to tap into through blogs, drop the idea of becoming viral.
Put in your topic and it'll create ideas for you. Hence, you need to believe innovatively to produce better ideas and content that could make your readers come back for much more. You've got to show your very own innovative suggestions to get identified by other people. Check out her blog and you will acquire plenty of wonderful ideas for cute, easy-to-wear outfits in addition to ways to fashion it up. One of the simplest processes to make money being a style tumblr is by technique of affiliate backlinks. Got a further dime-a-dozen glimpse happening. Before starting why not check out other fashion blogs to discover what other individuals are doing .


text:
Alex Leary, Times Washington Bureau Chief
Monday, October 6, 2014 5:46pm
Jeb Bush teamed up with the U.S. Chamber of Commerce for a series of TV ads in which, speaking in perfect Spanish, he praises candidates for office. Below is one for Cory Gardner, who is challenging incumbent Sen. Mark Udall in Colorado. Both are competing for the state's fast-growing Hispanic vote.
The ads (more detail here from the New York Times) are another sign of Bush's reach this election and underscore one of the assets he'd command should he run for president.


text:
Trevor Booker to Auction Off Reggie Miller "Choke" Shoes
The Pacers Foundation provides grants to organizations serving at-risk youth in Indiana. Pacers forward Trevor Booker wanted to assist those youth by auctioning off these very special Reggie Miller shoes he wore during Playoffs.
The online auction will run until 10:00 PM ET on Monday, May 21, 2018.


text:
shared by
JavaScript Event Types – 8 Essential Types to shape your JS Concepts!
If you are a web development aspirant, then you must have strong command on event programming. Javascript has eight different types of events which you must know. Go through this article on javascript event types and polish your javascript programming skills.


text:
MALA STRANA, Strahov Monastery
The upper part of the Malà Strana neighborhood reaches its peak on Strahov Hill, where the beautiful views amid vineyards and areas of woodland make you feel as if you've left the city well behind.
At the top of Strahov Hill is the Monastery of the same name, founded by the Premonstratensian Order around 1140, a place of meditation and contemplation, surrounded by silence. Almost completely rebuilt between the 17th and 18th centuries, it was one of the leading cultural and study centers of Baroque Europe.
The complex appears as a temple to faith and knowledge, organized around a central courtyard that can be entered through an arch-shaped passageway.
In this courtyard, which looks more like the square of an attractive, independent village, is the Church of Saint Roch, which Rudolf II had built in 1602 to give thanks for the end of a plague epidemic, and which is now used as a venue for art exhibitions. Also in the courtyard is the large Basilica of the Assumption, of Romanesque origin but featuring Baroque statues, stucco work and paintings from the early 18th century.
The pride of the monastery are the two libraries, which contain a total of 200,000 volumes. The "philosophy room", dating to around 1670, is from the Late Baroque period, with stucco work including frescoed medallions, while the "theology room", a masterpiece of the second half of the 18th century contains marvelous gold-edged bookshelves and is covered with Rococo frescoes by the Austrian painter Franz Anton Maulbertsch. Displayed in the corridors between the two rooms are a number of fine volumes and cases containing interesting natural exhibits such as narwhal teeth, turtle shells, elephant trunks and dried sawfish, reminiscent of the eclectic collections of Rudolf II.
If you're interested, you might like to complete your visit to Strahov Monastery by going up to the Art Gallery in the rooms on the first floor of the cloister that still have Romanesque parts. The Gallery is mainly dedicated to Gothic and Bohemian painting, but there are also Italian and German paintings.
An interesting fact: in addition to the works of art, the monastery is also renowned for the "Saint Norbert" beer, brewed by the friars since the 15th century and enjoyed as an accompaniment to tasty traditional dishes.
Our visit to the Malà Strana neighborhood in Prague ends here: MyWoWo would like to thank you - see you again at another Wonder of the World!


text:
Apply at https://ngcareers.com/job/2016-07/career-opening-for-technical-advisor-banking-on-nutrition-technical-partnership-at-african-development-bank-afdb-50/
Career Opening for Technical Advisor, 'Banking on Nutrition' Technical Partnership at African Development Bank (AfDB)
African Development Bank (AfDB) - Established in 1964, the African Development Bank is the premier pan-African development institution, promoting economic growth and social progress across the continent. There are 80 member states, including 54 in Africa (Regional Member Countries). The Bank's development agenda is delivering the financial and technical support for transformative projects that will significantly reduce poverty through inclusive and sustainable economic growth.African Development Bank is recruiting to fill the position below:Job Title: Technical Advisor, 'Banking on Nutrition' Technical PartnershipLocation: Côte d'IvoireSummary Big Win Philanthropy and Dangote Foundation are recruiting for a Technical Advisor, who will be posted to the African Development Bank (AfDB) headquarters in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.The post-holder will have the opportunity to provide intellectual leadership and program management support to the implementation of the 'Banking on Nutrition' Technical Partnership on Nutrition, which will contribute to the Bank's efforts in making nutrition central to its operations through the implementation of a multi-sectoral and integrated approach to nutrition interventions across its portfolio of investments in order to achieve transformational and lasting change.This position is available on a 12 months' consultancy basis, renewable annually.Background The African Development Bank extended an invitation to Big Win Philanthropy to lead the work stream session on "Nutrition Beyond Agriculture: Investing in Africa's Grey Matter" during the High Level Feeding Africa Meeting: An Action Plan for African Agricultural Transformation held in Dakar, Senegal in October 2015. This was done in collaboration with the World Food Programme and Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition, and a key recommendation from the session was a call for the African Development Bank to put nutrition at the center of sustainable economic development.Based on this recommendation, Big Win Philanthropy and Dangote Foundation expressed a commitment to collaborate with the Bank resulting in the 'Banking on Nutrition' Technical Partnership, which was established to address child undernutrition across Africa by focusing on nutrition and investment in 'grey matter infrastructure' as a human capital development strategy for driving inclusive growth across the continent. The ultimate goal of this partnership is to enable sustainable nutrition efforts by the African Development Bank Group deliver on the ground and thus help countries to achieve economic growth.


text:
Micellar Makeup Removing Towelettes 25Ct, Set Of 3 Packs
USD 31.12In stock
DESCRIPTION: The All-in-1 cleaning and cosmetics removing power of micellar h2o is available today in an ultra-gentle wipe. Such as a magnet, the micelles in these makeup the removal of wipes capture and raise away soil, oil and makeup without harsh rubbing, leaving skin feeling completely clean and softer. These wipes are specially formulated with silk fibers for an additional soft clean. The best way to USE: DIRECTIONS: Peel label to widen. TO REMOVE EYE MAKEUP: Hold towelette over closed eyes for a low number of seconds, and then gently clean away without harsh rubbing. TO CLEANSE SKIN & REMOVE FACE MAKEUP: Gently clean towelette all over until skin is totally clean from makeup as well as impurities. Use every day, AM/PM. No need to wash off.


text:
Everything Related to the Steelpan Instrument and Music
Members in 1974 the Panorama champs of the year before failed to reached the finals, Can you name the Steel Orchestra involved, and do you remember if it happened to any other Steel orchestra.
Views: 471
@Bertel you should have known all the answers, because they are all in "400 Q&A on Pan 1960 to Present"
The first to suffer that fate was {1} Desperadoes in 1971. Remember their rhythm section failed. After that fiasco, Rudolph Charles was always close to the rhythm section. He also began walking with a Hammer. {2} All Stars 1974 {3} Harmonites 1975
Desperadoes is the first Steel Orchestra to win Panorama the year after not qualifying for the finals. They were thrown out from the prelims in 1975, but won in 1976. The other band is Nutones in 1998.
And you know that Clive Bradley arranged both winning tunes.
1974 Champs Solo Harmonites also did not make the final in 1975 when the played Lord Kitchener's No Streakers.
All Stars in 74 definitely, but the same would have happened to Renegades in 83 were it not for the rule implemented by then, that the defending champ automatically qualifies for the finals the following year. This rule has since been scrapped.
Earl, Like is only me like to answer your questions or what? The1973 Champs Trinidad All Stars did not make it to the finals in 1974. Also 1974 Champs Solo Harmonites did not make it to the finals in 1975. It is possible this happened other times as well although I cant remember right now.
© 2020 Created by When Steel Talks. Powered by


text:
My partners and I have a combined 35+ years of experience working with the world's best citizenship by investment programs.
Contact me to receive a customized quote that best matches your objectives with the most applicable citizenship by investment program. Additionally, we can do it at the best price in the most efficient manner possible.
Indeed, I am a successful applicant of the Dominica citizenship by investment program and also the Malaysia MM2H residency by investment program. Furthermore, I completed renunciation of US citizenship in 2016. As a result, I have the administrative background combined with personal experience to ensure that my clients realize the dream of global citizenship.
Sincerely Yours,


text:
145307 has 2 divisors, whose sum is σ = 145308. Its totient is φ = 145306.
The previous prime is 145303. The next prime is 145349. The reversal of 145307 is 703541.
Adding to 145307 its reverse (703541), we get a palindrome (848848).
It is a happy number.
It is a weak prime.
It is a cyclic number.
It is not a de Polignac number, because 145307 - 22 = 145303 is a prime.
It is a super-2 number, since 2×1453072 = 42228248498, which contains 22 as substring.
It is a Chen prime.
It is a plaindrome in base 16.
It is an inconsummate number, since it does not exist a number n which divided by its sum of digits gives 145307.
It is not a weakly prime, because it can be changed into another prime (145303) by changing a digit.
It is a pernicious number, because its binary representation contains a prime number (11) of ones.
It is a polite number, since it can be written as a sum of consecutive naturals, namely, 72653 + 72654.
It is an arithmetic number, because the mean of its divisors is an integer number (72654).
2145307 is an apocalyptic number.
145307 is a deficient number, since it is larger than the sum of its proper divisors (1).
145307 is an equidigital number, since it uses as much as digits as its factorization.
145307 is an odious number, because the sum of its binary digits is odd.
The product of its (nonzero) digits is 420, while the sum is 20.
The square root of 145307 is about 381.1915528970. The cubic root of 145307 is about 52.5729296341.
The spelling of 145307 in words is "one hundred forty-five thousand, three hundred seven".
• e-mail: info -at- numbersaplenty.com • Privacy notice • done in 0.064 sec. • engine limits •


text:
After some rather frustrating issues with Google Voice peering, I've finally gotten PBXes to properly dial out and accept in, however, now I need to add an extension to a local PBX (Trixbox) and make it ring my SIP address (I know how to do this, that's not my problem). When trying to call myself at email@example.com, I get a signal notifying me that I was unable to complete the call (three tones repeating twice in X-Lite 4). I have a "blank" Inbound Route setup, no trunk or CID, aimed at my target extension of 200, but I still can't get anything.
If somebody could please help me with this, I would be very appreciative. I'm on a Soho account if it matters.
My understanding is that you will want to setup a SubPBX for your Trixbox. I am assuming that your Ext 200 is on the local Trixbox, so when the GTalk trunk is ringing, you want it to go to Ext 200 right?
I don't know if this helps but on my setup I have a Gtalk coming in, and a ring group setup for the extensions on my local Trixbox
That # is very important to identify sending down a trunk. Then my SubPBX trunk "elkosupertech-bull" is registered two-way on my Local TrixBox as a trunk there too. That way, my default out goes though that trunk and incoming is registered and allowed to come in.
Other way around, actually. I'm using PBXes for a few different services, but I've defined an extension on there for work. I need it so when someone rings my work extension (23, for contextual matters) it'll ring (Over the internet through my SIP address) my PBXes extension (200).
My understanding is that you can use a softphone to call your username (email@example.com), but I can't even get /that/ to work. I saw around as well that you could do <username>-extension so like email@example.com, but no luck with that either.
It's probably a little stupid setting that I'm just missing, but it's a real nuisance.
That's interesting. I have a softphone connected for work using elkosupertech-201. I am using 3CX for a softphone, and to get that setup I used just the user ID but also I used the Proxy Address of PBXes.org. But the softphone does work along with my internal extensions and my GV accounts.
Curious, does your panel show the extension is active?
Originally posted by elkosupertech
That's interesting. I have a softphone connected for work using elkosupertech-201. I am using 3CX for a softphone, and to get that setup I used just the user ID but also I used the Proxy Address of PBXes.org. But the softphone does work along with my internal extensions and my GV accounts.
Curious, does your panel show the extension is active?
Yeah, with credentials as a user of the account it works fine. But shouldn't the public be able to hit that address?
If by hitting it, you mean ringing it I would think not. In Trixbox's setup, there is a box to accept anonymous SIP connections, and with this service you don't have that option.
So my thought is that it has to authenticate somehow. I believe that's where the SubPBX setting comes in. It authenticates with PBXes and then allows you to ring any or all extensions. I think...
Again, I'm not affiliated with PBXes except as a customer. But I love this service and hopefully my experiences with it helps.
This post has been edited 1 time(s), it was last edited by elk on 16.09.2011 at 18:36.
@darkstar851: The public can get to that address (SIP URI), if and only if it has an appropriate Inbound Route setup. So for extension 201 in elkosupertech's PBXes' account, there should be an Inbound Route named elkosupertech-201 pointing to extension 201.
Only then will the email@example.com will be reachable from the rest of the OnNet world.


text:
The Supreme Court of Nigeria
Holden on Friday The 14th Day of December 2018
Holden on Friday The 14th Day of December 2018
Musa Dattijo Muhammad
Kumai Bayang Akaahs
Amina Adamu Augie
Paul Adamu Galumje
Sidi Dauda Bage
Justices, Supreme Court SC. 184/2009
Oil & Gas Export Free Zone Authority——Appellant
- T. C. Osanakpo (SAN) ——————— Respondent
[Doing Business as Dr. T. C. Osanakpo & Co.]
Judgment Delivered by Amina Adamu Augie, JSC
Judgment Delivered by Musa Dattijo Muhammad, JSC
Judgment Delivered By Paul Adamu Galinje, JSC
The Appellant retained the Respondent, who is a legal practitioner and Senior Advocate of Nigeria, to provide legal and consultancy services in respect of two of its projects at Onne, in Rivers State.
In the two letters conveying the terms of the retainership and scope of his services, both dated 30/4/2003, it was expressly stated that Respondent's "legal fees shall be negotiated and discounted". The Respondent later forwarded Bills of charges dated 21/7/2003 for the sums of N12,000,000.00 and N18,000 000.00 to the Appellant, but the Appellant only paid him a total sum 9,000,000.00.
The Respondent's demands for the balance of N21, 000,000.00 were not met. Whereupon, he filed an action against the Appellant at the High Court of Rivers State, wherein he claimed as follows
- The sum of N18,000,000.00, which represent unpaid legal fees owed by the Defendant (Appellant) to the Plaintiff [Respondent] from instructions of the Defendant [Appellant] contained in its letter dated 30/4/2003 in respect of the contract for infrastructure at the Defendant (Appellant)'s heliport project at Onne.
- The sum of N3,000,000.00 being the balance of legal fees owed the [Respondent] by [Appellant] which arose from the (Appellant)'s instruction contained in another letter dated 30/4/2003 to act as its legal consultants in respect of the Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) Agreement of (Appellant)'s Heliport Project at Onne; and
Ill. 10% interest on the judgment sum from date of Judgment until the Judgment debt is fully liquidated.
By a Motion Ex Parte filed at the trial Court, the Respondent sought and was granted leave to enter the Suit under the Undefended List. The Appellant subsequently filed its Notice of intention to Defend, wherein it raised the following Preliminary Objections that
- The Defendant herein is an agency of the Federal Government of Nigeria established under Section 2(1) & (2) of the Oil & Gas Export Free Zone Authority Decree, 1996.
- The subject matter of this Suit to wit, an alleged breach of a contract between the Plaintiff and the Defendant is an administrative or management action/decision of the Defendant, which is an agency of the Federal Government of Nigeria by virtue of Section 251(1), (q), (r) 8: (s) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999
- By virtue of the statutory and constitutional provisions set out in 1 8i 2 above, the Subject matter of this Suit falls outside the jurisdiction of the High Court of Rivers State and this Honourable Court is most respectfully urged to decline jurisdiction and strike out the Suit.
After hearing arguments on the Objection, the learned trial Judge, lragunima, J, delivered his Ruling on 14/6/2005, and followed it up immediately afterwards with his Judgment on the substantive Suit. He concluded as follows in his Ruling on the Preliminary Objection
''I cannot but come to the conclusion that the Preliminary Objection is misconceived and that the Affidavit in support of the Notice of intention to Defend does not disclose a defence on the merit, in my view, I shall, therefore, pursuant to Order 23, Rule 4, Rules of this Court, 1987, enter Judgment for the Plaintiff in this matter''.
He then held as follows in his Judgment on the substantive Suit
''The failure of the Defendant to reply Exhibit G, demanding payment for professional services constitutes an admission of liability by the Defendant and lends credence to the Plaintiff's side of the case The Defendant, therefore, clearly, does not have any defence on the merit to the instant action. Judgment is, therefore, entered for the Plaintiff, against the Defendant in the total sum of Twenty-One Million Naira, being legal fees owed the Plaintiff by the Defendant, from instructions of the Defendant in two letters, both dated 30/4/2003. It is the further Order of this Court that the Defendant shall pay interest on the said Judgment sum at the rate of 3% from the date of the Judgment until the Judgment debt is liquidated. The Plaintiff is entitled to N5, 000.00 Cost''.
Its Appeal to the Court of Appeal was dismissed, and the Appellant has appealed to this Court with a Notice of Appeal containing three rounds of Appeal.
Whether the Court of Appeal was right when it held that the High Court of Rivers State had the requisite Jurisdiction to entertain the Respondent's claim against the Appellant having regard to the Appellant's undisputed status as an agency of the Federal Government of Nigeria.
Appellant's contention in this Appeal is that the Respondent's claim was heard without jurisdiction and in breach of Section 251(1) of the 1999 Constitution [as amended], and decisions of this Court in NEPA V. Edegbero & 15 Ors (2002) 18 NWLR (Pt. 798) 79, and that of the Court of Appeal in Lower River Basin & Rural Development Authority [L.R.B. & R.D.A.] V. Olagbegi (2005) All FWLR (Pt. 139) 1556 and Nwude V. Chairman, EFCC (2005) All FWLR (Pt. 276) 740, which are decisions of appellate Courts that are binding on the trial Court. It disagreed with the reasoning of the Court below in this case, because, in its view, the said case of Onuorah V. Kaduna Refining 8: Petra-Chemical Company Ltd. [K.R.P.C.] (2005) 6 NWLR (Pt. 921) 393, is distinguishable from NEPA V. Edegbero & 15 Ors (supra) in that:
NEPA and Appellant are agencies of the Federal Government, established by specific Acts of the National Assembly.
NNPC is also an agency of the Federal Government but K.R.P.C. Ltd. does not enjoy similar status. The latter is a private limited liability company as shown by the word "Limited" In its name, and as a subsidiary of NNPC, it is at best an agent of the said NNPC but not an agency of the Federal Government.
The Judgment in Onuorah's Case was based on the 1979 Constitution under which a State High Court had unlimited Jurisdiction to hear a wide range of causes/matters including those involving the Federal Government and its agencies.
Judgment in NEPA v. Edegbero was delivered by this Court on 13/12/2002 while the Judgment in Onuoha V. K.R.P.c. Ltd. was delivered by this same Court on 11/2/2005 [27 Months later], and it is also pertinent to observe that although Onu. JSC was a member of the panel that heard the Edegbero's Appeal, he also presided over the panel that heard the Onuorah's Appeal.
Edegbero's Case was neither cited to nor considered by this, Court in Onuorah's Case, and Onuorah's Case was not meant to and did not, in fact, overrule the decision in Edegbero's Case because this Court, as the apex Court, treats its Judgment, especially landmark Judgments with seriousness; and where its Judgment is found to be working hardship on litigants or was reached per in curiam, such a Judgment is usually brought to its attention to decide whether to uphold or overrule it, after a thorough re-evaluation of its merit and demerits.
Such a course of action was taken in Bucknor-Maclean & Anor V. lnlaks Ltd. [200] FWLR [Pt. 85] 398/425, in which this Court's earlier decisions in Shell BP Company Limited V. Jammal Engineering Company Nigeria Limited [1974] 1 ALL NLR and Owumi V. P. 2. & Co. [Nig.] Ltd. [1974] 1 All N LR [Pt. 2] 107 were revisited and expressly overruled because both decisions did not "accord with justice" and their "consequences could not have been intended by the Legislature", therefore, the said Onuorah's Case was decided on its peculiar facts and its citing and reliance upon in this Appeal, is inapposite and unhelpful.
However, if this Court holds that Onuorah's Case contradicts its decision in NEPA V. Edegbero, the Court is urged to choose and follow its reasoning in NEPA V. Edgebero, because that will be consistent with the opinion of the Court of Appeal as expressed in Nwude V. EFCC, L.R.B. & R.D.A. V. Olagbegi, University of Abuja V. Ologe [1996] 4 NWLR [Pt. 445] 706 CA, Ayeni V. University of llorin [2002] 2 NWLR [Pt. 644] 290 CA and Adebileie V. NEPA [1998] 12 NWLR [PT. 577] 219 CA.
It also submitted that this Appeal presents a golden opportunity for this Court to streamline various interpretations given to the Section 251 [1] of the 1999 Constitution as it concerns this Issue; and in addition, the seeming ambiguity associated with the cases of NEPA V. Edegbero, Onuorah V. K.R.P.C. and Nwanna V. FCDA, on this particular Issue, should also be classified once and for all.
I agree with the Respondent, and I will not hesitate to say so, but before I give my reasons, l must say a few words on the doctrine of stare decisis, which the Appellant appeared to have lost sight of, with its submission that this Court, the apex Court in the Country, should adhere to and follow the decisions of the Court of Appeal. The doctrine of stare decisis "[Latin, "let the decision stand"], also known as "Judicial Precedent", is defined as the policy of Courts to adhere to the principles established by decisions in earlier cases. Reliance on such precedents is required of lower Courts until such a time as a higher Court changes it, for the lower Court cannot ignore the precedent (even where the lower Court believes it is "bad law"). In other words, the law on disputed points, issues or principles having been decided by a higher Court in an earlier case, the lower Courts are bound by such decisions and are not expected to deviate there-from or change such decisions see Okoniji V Mudiaga Odje (1985) 10 SC 267 at 268-269.
See also Dalhatu V. Turaki (2003) 15 NWLR (Pt. 843) 310, where the attention of the learned trial Judge was drawn to a decision of this Court in a case, which appeared to be on all fours with the case before the trial Court, but he ignored it, which infuriated this Court.
So, the Appellant is asking this Court to follow its reasoning in the said case of NEPA V. Edegbero (supra), as "such an approach will be consistent with the opinion of the Court of Appeal as expressed" in the cases cited and "other relevant decisions of the Court of Appeal".
What an absurd proposition that this Court should overlook or close its eyes to its decisions after NEPA V. Edegbero (supra) and adopt the opinion of the Court of Appeal in cases that were decided in line with the decision of this Court in NEPA V. Edegbero (supra).
This line of argument offends all known principles of stare decisis. This Court is the apex Court in this Country, and by the doctrine of stare decisis, all Courts are bound to follow decisions of this Court Obiuweubi V. CBN (2011) 7 NWLR (Pt. 1247) 465. The Court below must follow the decision of this Court; not the other way around.
in arguing as it did, the Appellant also lost sight of the principle that the facts in the future or present case have to bear similar ties to those of the earlier case upon which the decisions given was made Yaki V Bagudu (2015} 18 NWLR (Pt. 1491) 288 5C. More importantly, lower Courts are enjoined to follow the decision of this Court that is more recent on a particular issue, etc. -Obiuweubl V. CBN (supra). Obviously, the Court below applied these principles in arriving at its decision in this case. It considered the facts of the case and decision of this Court in NEPA V. Edegbero (supra) vis-a-vis the facts of the case and decision of this Court in Onuorah V. K.R.P.C. (supra), and in its lead Judgment by Eko, JCA (as he then was).
Yes, this Court "has given legal teeth" to the said stand taken by the Court below in FCE, Oyo V. Akinyemi (supra), and this case; that is, the Federal High Court has no jurisdiction to entertain an action on simple contract or debt recovery see Onuorah V. K.R.P.C. (supra) and Adelekan V. Ecu-Line Consortium (supra), cited by Respondent, wherein this Court, per Onnoghen, JSC (as he then was) clearly said:
''The provisions of Section 251 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 are very clear and unambiguous. It is the section that confers jurisdiction on the Federal High Court, which jurisdiction clearly does not include dealing with any case of simple contract''.
In effect, this Court has expanded the law beyond the issue raised in the 2002 case of NEPA V. Edegbero whether a State High Court had jurisdiction to entertain matters relating to the administration and management of the Federal Government or any of its agencies.
Obviously, the Appellant was merely grasping at straws when it brought in extraneous arguments about K.R.P.C. Ltd. not being an agency of the Federal Government; and the Judgment in that case -Onuorah V. K.R.P.C. (supra), being based on the 1979 Constitution. To start with, the question of whether it is an agency of the Federal Government is not an Issue in this Appeal. The lower Courts found that the Appellant is an agency of the Federal Government and Respondent conceded that it is a Federal Government agency, therefore, the question of whether K.R.P.C. Ltd., was an agency of the Federal Government or not, is outside the scope of this Appeal. Besides, the Appellant in Onuorah V. K.R.P.C., had argued that the Respondent [KRPC], being a subsidiary of NNPC, which in turn, is an agent of the Federal Government, the trial Federal High Court had jurisdiction to entertain its claim.
Clearly, the question of whether K.R.P.C. Ltd. was an agency of the Federal Government was not an issue in Onuoha V. K.R.P.C. Ltd., and it is not the business of this Court to decide whether the use of the word "Limited" in the name of the said K.R.P.C. means that it is an agent of NNPC, and not an agency of the Federal Government. What is more, the issue of whether Onuoha's Case was based on Section 230(1) of the 1979 Constitution, while this case is based on Section 251(1) of the 1999 Constitution is totally irrelevant because Section 230(1) of the 1979 Constitution is in pari materia, [ Latin, Upon the same subject] with Section 251(1) of the 1999 Constitution. The bottom line is that the Appellant has nothing to hang on. The law is not static; rather it is dynamic and adapts to issues as they come along in the various cases that pass through the Courts of law. In the circumstances of this case, the Court below was right to rely upon the decision of this Court in Onuoha V. K.R.P.C. (supra), which is similar to this case, rather than follow NEPA V. Edegbero. The end result is that this Appeal lacks merit and is dismissed. The Respondent is awarded costs assessed at one Million Naira.
Amina Adamu Augie, JSC
Patrick 0. Ekeanyanwu, Esq. -Appellant
Dr. T. C. Osanakpo (SAN) – Appeared in person


text:
Saturday, June 30, 2012
Kay's Geraniums
A beautiful morning and out my window at Mt. Carmel was this pot of geraniums lit by the morning sun. What a way to start the day. It just seemed to say, "paint me, paint me" so I did. This little garden is located between the lodge and the lake and always has light filtered through the trees that surround it. Check out more about Mt. Carmel at the site on the side of my blog.
1 comment:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Add to Calendar
August 18, 2020 @ 6:30 PM – 7:30 PM
Online/ Zoom
Joanna (Jo) Johnson
Whether you are a new or returning secretary if you missed your secretarial annual training please come and join the amazing Barbara Winn and Joanna Johnson as we come together to have fun, share wisdom together, all the while discussing the important role and responsibilities of the secretary. This role is the heart and soul of the club, the one who keeps everyone moving, keeps a record of all the activities, events, and memories that take place throughout the year. Please come and share your knowledge and experience with us together as we are more together.
Topics to be discussed are below:
- Secretary Role- A general overview
- Secretary Responsibilities
- The Club Meeting
- Outside the Club Meeting
- The Executive Committee Meeting
- Resources
Zoom information to follow via email to the secretaries and Presidents within D7


text:
12 oz. Terra Terrazzo Mug - *PRE-ORDER*
$ 64
Ceramic mug.
Cream porcelain + desert colored terrazzo bits.
Finished with a gloss glaze and gold accents.
No two mugs are exactly a like. You will get a mug that has a similar pattern as the one pictured but will vary from piece to piece. Think sisters, not twins.
I recommend hand washing. Not microwave safe due to gold.
Approx. 5.25" tall, 12 oz.
*This item will ship out on August 28th. Thank you for your patience!
Every piece in the collection is made by hand. Each item will feature its own unique pattern, making it truly one of a kind! Slight variations in size, shape and color are inherent to the handmade process.