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LLamaLand Organics - Superfood Crunch, 8.5ozBrand - LLamaLand Organics
Quick Description
Start the day right with LlamaLand Organics Superfood Crunch for a super-crunchy, super-nutritious, plant-powered breakfast.
Key Information
- Naturally Gluten-Free, Plant-Based Breakfast Cereal
- Made with Superfood Ingredients from the Peruvian Andes
- Organic & Fairtrade
- Only 3g Sugar per Serving
- High in Fiber, Protein and Essential Vitamins & Minerals
Product Overview
Did you know Peru has some of the highest levels of biodiversity on the planet? This means the Peruvian plant-powered pantry is pretty outstanding, full of nutrient-dense superfoods that have been staples of the Andean diet for centuries. LlamaLand Organics decided it was time to share the llama love with its amazing Superfood Crunch.
Say goodbye to soggy cornflakes or flavorless rice krispies. LlamaLand Organics Superfood Crunch is a naturally gluten-free breakfast cereal made with carefully chosen, native Peruvian grains and veggies. A blend of purple corn, white corn, amaranth, yacon root, cacao, and maca delivers a nourishing boost of protein, fiber, antioxidants, and other essential vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients.
Enjoy LlamaLand Organics Superfood Crunch with a splash of your favorite plant-based milk and a scattering of berries for a breakfast that nourishes, energizes, and delights! Or, add a handful of nuts and nibble as a trail mix alternative on a hike. Crunchy, tasty, and moreish, Llamaland Organics Superfood Crunch is a wholesome treat for all the family. And, with only 3g of sugar per serving, this super cereal can be enjoyed guilt-free!
Organic Purple Corn, Organic Andean White Corn, Organic Amaranth, Organic Cane Sugar, Organic Yacon Root, Organic Cacao, Organic Maca.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does LlamaLand Organics Superfood Crunch contain yacon root?
Yacon root is a tuber native to the Andes with a refreshing apple-like flavor. LlamaLand Organics uses it in its Superfood Crunch as a delicious, natural sweetener. What's more, yacon root is also prized for its health benefits, packed with gut-boosting prebiotics and fiber to support healthy digestion. Yacon root is also a great source of vitamin C, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus.


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Class information
PE182H Individual Fitness
- Credits: 1
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- Online, Available 24/7
From September 26 through December 17, 2022, Rebekah L Spencer-Sims
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Individual Fitness introduces the development of fitness and wellness goal-setting and overall fitness programming. Explores fitness principles for safety, exercise selection, and performing physical activities. Incorporates self-reflection, exercise log journaling, group discussion, and evaluation of personal fitness. Audit available. 150 min of exercise required each week. Stay accountable and supported throughout the term. It's a great place to start or start over!
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The Start Guide is not required for Hybrid or Remote Classes but strongly recommended. To learn more, go to https://www.pcc.edu/osg

subset: commoncrawl


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IN RE: ESTATE of Katherine G. MILLER, Deceased. Burke E. BURFORD, as Executor, etc., Petitioner and Respondent, Sally Miller Field and Marcia Miller Nelson, Individually and as Guardian ad Litem of Peter Austin Nelson and Katherine Nelson, Respondents, v. Miriam Miller HARTMAN, Objector and Appellant.
This is an appeal from judgments approving the account of an executor, for preliminary distribution and related orders in a testate probate proceeding. The judgments appealed from, among other things, directed a preliminary distribution of equal one-third shares of specified property to each of two of decedent's three daughters and denied distribution of the remaining one-third share to the trustee of a testamentary trust of which the third daughter, Miriam Miller Hartman, is life beneficiary. The principal question to be determined is whether it was reversible error for the trial court to deny preliminary distribution to the testamentary trustee at the same time that it ordered such distribution to the other major legatees named in decedent's will.
Katherine G. Miller died on November 29, 1960. Her will, dated November 14, 1958, and a codicil of March 1, 1959, were admitted to probate in the Superior Court of Tulare County on December 19, 1960. Pursuant to the provisions of the will, Burke E. Burford, an attorney at law and a member of the firm of Burford, Hubler & Burford, was appointed executor; he is also the trustee named in the will.
Mrs. Miller left one-third of her property outright to her daughter Marcia Miller Nelson, another third to her daughter Sally Miller Field and the remaining third to Burke E. Burford as trustee for her daughter, appellant herein, Miriam Miller Hartman, and upon her death to other specified beneficiaries. The will directs the trustee to make discretionary support payments of income, and if necessary of principal, to Miriam. Upon the death of Miriam Miller Hartman and the payment of her funeral expenses and expenses of her last illness the income from the trust property was to be paid to her husband, Irvin Peers Hartman, during his lifetime, and upon his death the remaining trust assets were to be distributed in equal shares to the then living grandchildren of decedent and their lawful issue by right of representation. Irvin Peers Hartman has died in the meantime.
The fifth paragraph of the will contains an in terrorem clause:
'I have intentionally omitted making provision for all of my heirs who are not specifically mentioned herein, and I hereby generally and specifically disinherit each, any and all persons whomsoever claiming to be or who may lawfully be determined to be my heirs at law except such as are mentioned in this Will, and if any of such persons or such heirs, or any devisees, or legatees, or beneficiaries under this Will and the trust herein created, or intended to so be, shall contest in any court any of the provisions of this instrument, or shall not defend or assist in good faith in the defense of any and all such contests, then each and all of such persons shall not be entitled to any devises, legacies or benefits under this Will or any codicil hereto or under the trust created hereby, and any and all devises, legacies and portions of the income and corpus of the trust estate either or both otherwise provided to be paid to such person, shall be paid, distributed and pass as though such person had died without issue of his or her body before my death or before becoming entitled to receive income or any portion of the corpus of said trust estate.'
On August 8, 1961, Miriam Miller Hartman filed a complaint in the Superior Court of San Mateo County in which Burke E. Burford, as executor of this estate, Marcia Miller Nelson and Sally Miller Field, and their children are named as defendants; it alleges that Katherine G. Miller and her predeceased husband entered into a contract by which each agreed to leave his or her estate to the surviving spouse and then over in equal shares to their three daughters, and that the 'purported will' in this estate proceeding does not conform to the agreement in that it leaves the share of Miriam Miller Hartman in trust rather than outright to her. The pleading further avers:
'Defendants, and each of them, intend and threaten to cause the distribution of the estate of decedent, to the extent of one-third (1/3) thereof to defendant Burford as such purported trustee in accordance with the purported will of decedent in violation of said agreement by and between decedent and decedent's spouse, as aforesaid; plaintiff has no plain, speedy or adequate remedy at law available to prevent said threatened distribution of said one-third (1/3) of decedent's estate to defendant Burford as such purported trustee, as aforesaid; and if the equitable relief herein sought is not granted, plaintiff will be defrauded and will suffer great and irreparable injury and damage in being deprived of the benefit of said agreement by and between decedent and decedent's spouse, as aforesaid, specially made for her benefit, and of the will of her father, decedent's spouse, made and maintained in accordance with said agreement aforesaid.'
On January 15, 1962, there was filed the 'First Account and Report of Executor and Petition for Settlement Thereof, For Allowance on Account of Statutory Compensation, for Instructions, and for Preliminary Distributions.' The report discloses that on September 8, 1961, the executor made an informal and previously unauthorized distribution of decedent's household goods to Marcia and Sally and to Burke E. Burford as trustee and that on November 27, 1961, he distributed $5,000 in cash to each of the same persons. It is alleged that the distribution of the household goods was made to eliminate storage charges and of the cash to reduce income taxes; the executor asked ratification of his actions in that respect. He also sought the court's order for a further preliminary distribution of estate property of the value of $372,444.96 in three equal shares to Marcia, Sally and himself as trustee. The petition requested that he be instructed to defend the San Mateo suit.
On January 19, 1962, appellant filed written objections to the executor's account and petition for preliminary distribution in substance as follows:
'* * * the court is without jurisdiction of the subject matter of such petition * * *';
'* * * the court is without jurisdiction of the subject matter of such petition insofar as said petition seeks a decree of preliminary distribution, upon the ground that said estate is not in a condition to permit preliminary, or any, distribution of any asset thereof, as set forth in said petition, or otherwise.'
'Said objections are further made and based upon the facts alleged and set forth in the complaint * * * [in Hartman v. Burford]'
'* * * the * * * court is without jurisdiction to hear or determine any of the issues or subject matter of said action of Hartman v. Burford * * *.'
'* * * there is no showing or provision for security to ensure the carrying out of the judgment to be made and entered in said proceeding of Hartman v. Burford, imposing a trust upon the assets of said estate upon distribution thereof to the distributees named in said will of said decedent, and said assets are apt to be concealed, consumed and disposed of by said distributees in violation of the trust to be imposed upon said assets by the judgment in said action entitled Hartman v. Burford.'
The objector prayed that distribution, preliminary or otherwise, be withheld until the judgment in Hartman v. Burford shall have become final.
On February 27, 1962, Marcia Miller Nelson was appointed guardian ad litem for her two minor children. On the same day the hearing on executor's petition, account and objections thereto was held, at which time there was extensive argument by counsel, but no oral testimony was taken.
The trial judge signed and filed a 'Judgment Settling First Account and Report of Executor, for Allowance on Account of Statutory Compensation and Order Instructing Executor' on March 20, 1962, by which the court approved the account of the executor, except that it withheld a ruling on the propriety of the preliminary distribution of household goods and of the $15,000 cash, 'pending its finding and decision on the petition for preliminary distribution and on the objections thereto'; the court further allowed Mr. Burford, as executor, on account of his statutory fees and to his law firm, Burford, Hubler & Burford, on account of their compensation, each the sum of $7,075, the will having expressly permitted both Mr. Burford, individually, and his law firm, to draw compensation for their services. The judgment of March 20 further directed him as executor '* * * to defend the estate and the interests of all persons interested in it against the action * * *' in San Mateo County and required him to take all steps 'proper in his opinion to defend said action including retainer of additional counsel in San Mateo County to represent him in said action and in preparation of same for trial.'
On March 23, 1962, the court filed a memorandum opinion in which it is stated that:
'IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED as follows:
'(1) Preliminary distribution to Marcia Miller Nelson and Sally Miller Field is granted as prayed for; distribution to Burke E. Burford in trust is denied.
'(2) The Executor's petition to confirm the distributions of September 8, 1961, and November 27, 1961, made without prior order of this Court, is denied.
'(3) Each of the provisions of the 'Judgment Settling First Account and Report of Executor, for Allowance on Account of Statutory Compensation and Order Instructing Executor' made March 20, 1962, is confirmed and incorporated by reference.
'(4) The attorney for the Executor shall prepare findings and judgment and submit them to all counsel five days before submitting them to the Court.'
On April 2, 1962, the court made a 'Minute Order Amending Memorandum Opinion' in which it was said:
'* * * the preliminary distributions heretofore made shall be, and the same are approved and confirmed.
'The order shall be drawn accordingly.'
On April 12, 1962, the court made the following minute order entitled 'Corrected Minute Order Amending Memorandum Opinion':
'IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that said opinion be, and the same is hereby, amended to provide as follows: That the preliminary distributions heretofore made shall be, and the same are, approved and confirmed, except as to those distributions which have heretofore been made to Burke E. Burford in trust under the terms of the Will.
'The order shall be drawn accordingly.'
The probate judge thereafter signed and filed a 'Judgment of Preliminary Distribution,' which allowed, ratified and confirmed the informal distributions of a share of the household furniture and $5,000 in cash to Sally Miller Field and to Marcia Miller Nelson and granted a distribution of one-third of the personal property mentioned therein and in the petition for preliminary distribution to each of the two sisters, but denied any distribution to Burke E. Burford as trustee under the will; the requirement of a bond from either of the two distributees was dispensed with, and the provisions of the prior judgment settling the first account, as hereinbefore referred to, was 'confirmed and incorporated by reference.' The appellant by her notice of appeal has completely covered all facets of the orders and judgments by express reference to each of the successive minute orders and documents, and there is no contention that the notice of appeal was not adequate as to form. For the sake of convenience, we shall consider the appeal under two headings: first, the appeal from the judgment approving the account of the executor and giving him instructions; secondly, the judgment ordering distribution as to Miriam's two sisters and denying it as to her trustee.
The appellant does not seriously contend in this court that there is anything basically wrong with the order approving the account of the executor. The central question tendered for determination is whether the court erred in denying preliminary distribution to the trustee for a third heir while granting it to the other two.
The respondent Burford is executor as well as testamentary trustee; as executor he owes a duty to protect the estate from external attack; he also owes a duty to treat all of the beneficiaries equitably; as testamentary trustee he occupies a confidential relationship toward Miriam Hartman and must give careful and considerate attention to her needs in order to carry out the terms of the trust. As executor, he petitioned for an equal distribution in three parts; on the appeal, he seeks to justify the decision of the court that only two of the heirs should enjoy partial distribution, contrary to his own petition, and he appears here as a respondent rather than as the appellant. Miriam Miller Hartman is in a somewhat similar quandry arising out of conflicts in her position as beneficiary under the testamentary trust and as plaintiff in Hartman v. Burford; in this proceeding she filed objections to the proposed preliminary distribution on the ground that if she secures judgment in the pending San Mateo case, the contract claimed to have been made between her father and mother would require the beneficiaries under the will to account to the third party beneficiaries under the alleged contract, each for an equal third of the property. But now, her position on the appeal is essentially an objection to what she claims is an inequitable partial distribution. This contention was not made by her for the first time on appeal, but was urged during the hearing below. The prayer in the San Mateo case is that the defendants therein be required to deliver to plaintiff one-third of the assets of the estate '* * * upon distribution thereof,' and this presupposes the orderly distribution of the estate, irrespective of the trial of Hartman v. Burford. Sally Miller Field and Marcia Miller Nelson presumably do not wish to disregard the considered judgment of their mother in making her will, and by reason of their family relationship with their sister, they may not wish to deprive her of the benefit of the property which their mother directed to have held by the trustee.
Everyone seems to be in terror of the in terrorem clause. Miriam is threatened with a claim of forfeiture of her rights under the will, and if she should fail in the San Mateo case, she would not receive any property of her parents, if this theory is correct. Her two sisters and the trustee are also subject to a possible claim of forfeiture under the fifth paragraph of the will if they should formally allege that Miriam has contested the will and if such claim should be found to be incorrect; in such circumstances they would be attempting to balk the testatrix's wishes with respect to Miriam.
The only reason assigned by the trial judge for his ruling against preliminary distribution to the trustee was that it could not be ordered '* * * without the possibility of harm to certain of those interested in the estate by reason of the possibility of an issue of forfeiture of interests in said share arising from the action * * *' of Hartman v. Burford. But this rests the decision on a ground which was never made an issue in this proceeding. Neither the executor nor any other beneficiary has formally raised the question of forfeiture. The executor has expressly petitioned for partial distribution in equal shares to the trustee for the Miriam Miller Hartman trust and her two sisters; her sisters have refrained from any formal contention that Miriam has forfeited her rights under the will through the filing of the San Mateo case, and the appellant has not suggested that she be barred from any contingent recovery in the estate proceedings by virtue of the filing of the San Mateo suit. In argument and in their briefs the parties have mentioned possibilities, but no one has had the temerity to raise the point expressly.
In Ludwicki v. Guerin, 57 Cal.2d 127, 17 Cal.Rptr. 823, 367 P.2d 415, the plaintiff, Marjorie Ludwicki, daughter of decedent, Paul Guerin, and his wife Alma, brought suit against Bruce Guerin, individually, as executor of Paul's estate and as administrator of the estates of Paul's brother and mother, seeking to impress a trust upon one-half of the property in Paul's estate on the basis of an alleged contract entered into by Paul and Alma in which they agreed to make wills leaving one-half of their property to the plaintiff, and to direct Bruce, as executor, to deliver to plaintiff one-half of the property in Paul's estate remaining after administration. The trial court held that the action was barred by the provisions of the statute of limitations, and the judgment was affirmed on that ground. But the discussion of the controlling principles is directly helpful here. It is pointed out (page 130, 17 Cal.Rptr. page 825, 367 P.2d page 417) that such an action is one for 'quasi specific performance of the contract to make a will,' that since no one can be compelled to make a will, the agreement cannot result in specific performance 'in the strict sense, but under certain circumstances equity will give relief equivalent to specific performance by impressing a constructive trust upon the property which decedent had promised to leave to plaintiff.' The situation in that case, which parallels the present record, is thus discussed (pp. 131–132, 17 Cal.Rptr. p. 826, 367 P.2d p. 418):
'When a person dies, the title to his property, real and personal, passes to the person to whom it is left in his will or who takes by intestacy, but all his property is subject to the possession of the executor or administrator for purposes of administration. (Prob.Code, § 300.) If the will creates an express trust, the legal title of the trustee and the equitable title of the beneficiary vest as of the date of death, even though the trust estate is residuary in character. (Estate of Platt, 21 Cal.2d 343, 347, 131 P.2d 825.) The same principle should be applied to a constructive trust based on conduct of the decedent, including failure to perform a promise to make a will. Accordingly in such a situation a constructive trust in favor of the promisee and against those who take under decedent's will or by intestacy may be imposed immediately after the date of death.
'The action to impose the trust does not interfere with the proceedings in probate. It does not set forth a claim against the estate, or against the executor, or against his right to possession for the purposes of administration. The action is in effect a suit between a claimant under the contract and claimants under the will or by intestacy as to who is entitled to all or part of the estate, and it does not purport to interfere with the administration by the executor, who, with respect to the proceeding, is in the position of a stakeholder. (Estate of Healy, 137 Cal. 474, 477, 70 P. 455.) The executor, however, may properly be made a party defendant, as was done in this case, for the purpose of restraining him from distributing the property without regard for plaintiff's interests. (Furman v. Craine, 18 Cal.App. 41, 46–47, 121 P. 1007.)' (Emphasis added.)
(See also Deming v. Drachmann, 202 A.C.A. 505, 21 Cal.Rptr. 17.)
As a matter of practice, the functions of the superior court in determining probate matters and questions of title to property have been clearly separated. This rule in California is paralleled in the judicial systems of most of our states. (169 A.L.R. 53.)
In Estate of Harris, 9 Cal.2d 649, 664, 72 P.2d 873, 881, it is expressly held that a probate court does not have jurisdiction to determine a claim that there has been an oral agreement to make wills:
'* * * this question cannot be litigated in a probate court, but the remedy of a person injured by the violation of a contract to make testamentary provision for another must be pursued in a court of equity. Fuller v. Nelle, 12 Cal.App.(2d) 576, 580, 55 P.(2d) 1248; In re Estate of Rolls, 193 Cal. 594, 596, 226 P. 608.'
The opinion in Estate of Dabney, 37 Cal.2d 672, 676, 234 P.2d 962, 965, points out the difference in jurisdiction between a probate court and a court of equity in this state:
'It is established law 'That the probate court has no jurisdiction to determine adverse claims to the properties of an estate in course of administration before it when asserted by a stranger to said estate.' * * * [Citations.]' Estate of King (1926), 199 Cal. 113, 117, 248 P. 519), or 'to try the question of title to property as between a representative of the estate and strangers to the estate.' (Guardianship of Vucinich (1935), 3 Cal.2d 235, 243, 44 P.2d 567; see also Wilkerson v. Seib (1942), 20 Cal.2d 556, 562, 127 P.2d 904; Stratton v. Superior Court (1948), 87 Cal.App.2d 809, 811, 197 P.2d 821.) Nor is one who is claiming adversely to an estate properties which have been included in the estate bound by the probate court's order of distribution. (See Texas Co. v. Bank of America etc. Assn. (1935), 5 Cal.2d 35, 46, 53 P.2d 127; Shaw v. Palmer (1924), 65 Cal.App. 441, 446–449, 224 P. 106, and cases there cited.)
'The same general principle—that one over whose claims the probate court has no jurisdiction is not bound by that court's adjudications—has also found expression in cases dealing with rights to estate properties based on asserted contracts by the decedent to make a particular testamentary disposition. (See Estate of Cropper (1947), 83 Cal.App.2d 105, 108, 187 P.2d 780; Estate of Harris (1937), 9 Cal.2d 649, 664–665, 72 P.2d 873; Fuller v. Nelle (1936), 12 Cal.App.2d 576, 580, 55 P.2d 1248.) In Estate of Cropper an appeal from an order of partial distribution, taken by one who had instituted an independent suit in equity to enforce a trust upon estate properties based upon an alleged contract by decedent to leave a will in appellant's favor, was dismissed on the ground that since appellant 'was not a party to the proceeding * * * for partial distribution and her rights are in no manner affected thereby, she is not aggrieved by the order and has no right to appeal therefrom.' Appellant's rights were characterized by the court as being asserted 'adversely to the estate.' (Pages 107, 108, of 83 Cal.App.2d, page 782 of 187 P.2d.)'
In Estate of Rolls, 193 Cal. 594, 599–600, 226 P. 608, 610, it is said:
'The remedy of a person injured by the violation of a contract to make testamentary provision for another must be pursued in a court of equity and not in a court of probate. Courts of equity will interfere in the administration of estates where the powers of the courts of probate and their modes of procedure preclude them from doing complete justice and then only for the purpose of rendering indispensable aid to courts of probate, remitting their decrees to that court to be carried into effect. Redfield on the Law of Wills, vol. 3, § 20, p. 305. The case of Monsen v. Monsen, 174 Cal. 97, 162 Pac. 90, was a suit in equity to enforce an alleged contract by which the decedent had agreed that the plaintiff should receive and inherit a child's share of the property which decedent might leave. It was there said: 'The action is of a type familiar in this court, and illustrated by a line of decisions beginning with Owens v. McNally, 113 Cal. 444 [33 L.R.A. 369, 45 Pac. 710]. As was said in that case, there has been 'from a very early date a general concurrence among the authorities upon the proposition that a man may make a valid contract binding himself to dispose of his property in a particular way by last will and testament, and a court of equity will enforce such an agreement specifically by treating the heirs as trustees and compelling them to convey the property in accordance with the terms of the contract.' Without referring to the numerous decisions in other jurisdictions, we make note of the cases in which the rule, as thus declared, has been recognized here. (McCabe v. Healy, 138 Cal. 81 [70 Pac. 1008]; Baumann v. Kusian, 164 Cal. 582 [44 L.R.A. (N.S.) 756, 129 Pac. 986]; Rogers v. Schlotterback, 167 Cal. 35 [138 Pac. 728]; Blanc v. Connor, 167 Cal. 719 [141 Pac. 217].)' To this list may be added Osborn v. Hoyt, 181 Cal. 336, 184 Pac. 854; Estate of Ross, 180 Cal. 651, 182 Pac. 752; Estate of Ross, 185 Cal. 8, 195 Pac. 674; Roy v. Pos, 183 Cal. 359, 191 Pac. 542; Steinberger v. Young, 175 Cal. 81, 165 Pac. 432.'
(See also Schlyen v. Schlyen, 43 Cal.2d 361, 372, 273 P.2d 897; Sears v. Rule, 27 Cal.2d 131, 139–140, 163 P.2d 443; Page on Wills, Bowe-Parker Revision, vol. 3, § 26.82, pp. 171–172.)
The in terrorem clause provides the penalty of forfeiture as against anyone who '* * * shall contest in any court any of the provisions of this instrument. * * *' It will be noted that the clause appears to be narrower in scope than many similar provisions in other wills; the key word is contest; if the words employed by the testatrix refer only to a contest of the will, as distinguished from opposition to the effect of some provision of the will, it would be clear that the in terrorem clause could not be invoked against Miriam. 'Contest of a will' is a term of art, the connotation of which is made clear in the context of the appropriate Probate Code sections. Article I of chapter 2 in division 3 of the Probate Code is entitled 'Contests Before Probate.' Section 370 of the Probate Code provides that 'Any person interested may contest the will by filing written grounds of opposition to the probate thereof at any time before the hearing of the petition for probate * * *.' Section 371 of the Probate Code provides in part: 'Any issue of fact involving the competency of the decedent to make a last will and testament, the freedom of the decedent at the time of the execution of the will from duress, menace, fraud, or undue influence, the due execution and attestation of the will, or any other question substantially affecting the validity of the will, * * *' are the questions to be answered in connection with a contest before probate.
Similarly, article II of chapter 2 of division 3 of the Probate Code, entitled 'Contests After Probate' (Prob.Code, § 380), provides: 'When a will has been admitted to probate, any interested person, * * * may, at any time within six months after such probate, contest the same or the validity of the will.' The time to file any contest of the will, as provided by the Probate Code, has elapsed, and no contest has ever been filed or can ever be filed hereafter. (Estate of Plaut, 27 Cal.2d 424, 428–429, 164 P.2d 765, 162 A.L.R. 837; Estate of Caruch, 139 Cal.App.2d 178, 185, 293 P.2d 514.)
The right to contest a will is statutory in nature and exists only to the extent given by the code. (Estate of Baker, 170 Cal. 578, 585, 150 P. 989; Estate of Sankey, 199 Cal. 391, 403, 249 P. 517; Estate of Bily, 96 Cal.App.2d 333, 215 P.2d 78, 15 A.L.R.2d 861; Estate of Walters, 99 Cal.App.2d 552, 222 P.2d 100.) A will contest is in the nature of a proceeding in rem. (Estate of Sankey, supra; Estate of Golden, 9 Cal.2d 647, 72 P.2d 113; Voyce v. Superior Court, 20 Cal.2d 479, 483, 127 P.2d 536.)
The court has refused preliminary distribution to the testamentary trustee on the sole ground that someone may possibly file and litigate a claim that Miriam has forfeited her eights under the will. Such contention has not been made, and it may never be made. The timely administration of an estate should not be delayed because of the mere possibility that some future event might affect the rights of a distributee. Thus, '* * * the distribution of an estate should not be delayed upon the mere suggestion that a civil action might be brought' (Estate of Morelli, 102 Cal.App.2d 39, 43, 226 P.2d 716, 718), and '* * * the distribution of estates cannot be delayed in order to await the determination of prospective litigation by adverse claimants to the properties or any portion thereof of an estate when the same is otherwise ready for distribution.' (Estate of King, 199 Cal. 113, 119, 248 P. 519, 521.)
In Estate of Hart, 151 Cal.App.2d 271, 280, 311 P.2d 605, 611, it is said:
'We are aware of no authority holding that the court sitting in probate is precluded from making a distribution of a devise containing a condition subsequent on the ground that the devisee, subsequent to a distribution of the estate, may be prohibited from the performance of the condition.'
It may well be that after a thorough study of the situation in the light of the law and the facts no interested party will take the position that Mrs. Hartman has forfeited her testamentary rights.
As stated in Lobb v. Brown, 208 Cal. 476, 492, 281 P. 1010, forfeiture provisions in a will must be strictly construed and forfeiture avoided if reasonably possible; it is only where the acts of a party come strictly within the express terms of the punitive clause that a breach may be declared. The policy against forfeitures is so strong that ur courts, following the universal rule in this country, insist upon a clear and unequivocal attack upon the will before invoking the penalty contained in the in terrorem clause; this is true even when the language of the clause in question is clearly broader in its connotation than the present restriction. (See Clark v. Hefley, 34 Tann.App. 389, 238 S.W.2d 513; Estate of Kline, 138 Cal.App. 514, 32 P.2d 677; Estate of Seipel, 130 Cal.App. 273, 19 P.2d 808; Estate of Dow, 149 Cal.App.2d 47, 308 P.2d 475; Estate of Hill, 176 Cal. 619, 169 P. 371; Estate of Crisler, 97 Cal.App.2d 198, 217 P.2d 470; 49 A.L.R.2d 204; 4 Witkin, Summary of California Law, Wills and Probate, § 244, pp. 3232–3233.)
The equitable precept, 'Equality is equity,' is a rule of fairplay; the principle involved in the maxim should control here. We know of no sound reason why the preliminary distribution, good as to the two sisters of appellant, should not also be ordered in favor of her trustee.
The judgment insofar as it relates to preliminary distribution is reversed with directions to the court below to order such distribution as prayed in the petition for preliminary distribution in equal shares to each of the two sisters and to the testamentary trustee for Miriam Hartman.
The judgments and orders are otherwise affirmed. The appellant shall recover her costs on appeal.
CONLEY, Presiding Justice.
BROWN, J., concurs. (STONE, J., being disqualified, did not participate.)


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Mining is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of mining science and engineering published quarterly online by MDPI.. Open Access —free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused. Rapid Publication: first decisions in 15 days; acceptance to publication in 3 days (median values for MDPI journals in …Contact us
2021-11-9 · negative effects of coal mining in Alberta from a social perspective — that of the province of Alberta rather than the project proponent — using benefit-cost analysis. We provide estimates of the economic, social and environmental impacts (benefits and costs associated with the development, construction, operation and reclamation) of anContact us
2015-4-21 · projecting costs is an integral part of any investment decision and the mining giants have raised billions of dollars over the years; yet cost reporting in the mining industry "has been an embarrassment and an utter joke" as an article from March 6, 2014 in the Financial Post reads.Contact us
2020-3-25 · Open cast mining is a type of surface mining in which mineral resources are removed from the earth through large holes or pits dug into the surface. The term "open cast mining" is used most commonly in Great Britain. In the United States, open cast mining is usually called open-pit or open-cut mining. According to the Berkeley Laboratory for ...Contact us
2017-8-31 · cost of mining ; map of mining subsidence topographical map of mining area mining doctrine of comparative cost cost theory of value at the cost of ...Contact us
Our proprietary Mining Cost Estimation tools are underpinned by our industry standard cost data set and powered by incredibly precise engineering-based calculations. These tools are fully customizable and allow you to develop an exceptional view of …Contact us
The Cost Of Mining: An Exhibit Of The Results Of Important Mines Throughout The World|James Ralph Finlay, Olympia Provisions: Cured Meats and Tales from an American Charcuterie|Meredith Erickson, The socialists: who they are and what they stand for : the case for socialism plainly stated|Spargo John 1876-1966, Nisei Blue|Mieko OuchiContact us
Ethereum Mining Profit Calculator ETH. Ethereum Mining Profit Calculator. mining pools website bitcointalk wallet mining software. Block Reward. 9237.46 $ (2.18 ETH) 2.17 %. Network Hashrate. 735.98 Th/s. -11.31 %.Contact us
2015-1-6 · The All-in sustaining costs or AISC is a new metric, now widely used in the gold mining industry since the second-half of 2013. This new metric has been introduced by the World Gold Council in ...Contact us
2018-8-30 · Picking the wrong Bitcoin mining hardware could cost you more to operate than the amount of funds you earn mining Bitcoin with it. To avoid losing a profit on your Bitcoin mining, we curated a list of the best Bitcoin mining …Contact us
Welcome To Crypto Mining Wholesale . Bestofcryptominers is a reliable source for competitively priced bitcoin miners and Graphics Cards.We have been supplying profitable products to our customers for a long time. We have an advanced line of ASIC bitcoin miners created specifically for beginners who want to make a guaranteed profit from bitcoin mining.Contact us
2021-1-23 · Mining Rigs. ASICs for bitcoin mining currently cost between $500 – $8,000 per unit. Different models have different specs and profit margins. As a rule, the value of mining hardware follows miner profitability and customer demand. ROI equals around one …Contact us
2021-11-23 · The use of the "all-in sustaining costs" and "all-in costs" metrics has been widely adopted by gold mining companies as part of their overall reporting disclosure. These non-GAAP metrics have helped provide greater clarity and improve investor understanding. All companies involved in gold-mining are encouraged to use these metrics.Contact us
Cash cost - Mining - Moneyterms: investment, finance and ...Contact us
Rent costs for your ethereum hardware mining business very much depends on your location. This cost will vary by both region and specific areas of town: a lease in the heart of Manhattan could cost over $80,000/month in rent. Meanwhile, a storefront lease in Florida or Tennessee could cost less than $1,000/month.Contact us
2012-12-11 · See the green mining page for more information. Cost of inaction/action. If no action is taken to remediate the many environmental problems inherent to modern mining, the end cost for governments and communities …Contact us
Cash cost. Cash costs, in mining, are the costs of production, at site level, per unit of output. Cash costs include operational cash costs at site level. This: includes transport, refining and administration costs and royalties. excludes non-cash costs …Contact us
2021-11-2 · The short answer is yes. The long answer… it''s complicated. Bitcoin mining began as a well paid hobby for early adopters who had the chance to earn 50 BTC every 10 minutes, mining from their bedrooms.. Successfully mining just one Bitcoin block, and holding onto it since 2010 would mean you have $450,000 worth of bitcoin in your wallet in 2020.Contact us
2021-1-27 · 3. Notable Mining Hardware Companies Bitmain Technologies. The most well-known mining hardware manufacturer around, Bitmain was founded in 2013 in China and today has offices in several countries around the world. The …Contact us
2020-12-23 · The cost of mining gold predicted to fall in 2021 and 2022. In good news for Australian producers, consultancy S&P Global says all-in sustaining costs of mining the precious metal will hit an ...Contact us
2017-4-4 · Mining Methods, by W. R. Crane, gives the cost of operating a 3-in. drill in granite. At the North Star mines machine men cost $3 a shift or 43c. a ton; machine power, 40c. a shift or 6c. a ton; repairs and lubrication, 42c. a shift or …Contact us
2020-6-7 · Considering the cost to mine Bitcoin for both big mining centers and individual miners can range in between $5,000 and $8,500, miners have more incentive to sell to …Contact us
2021-2-15 · So let''s talk about how much it costs to get into ethereum mining. Motherboard - (Market Cost = $100-$400) This is naturally what everything is connected two and is the heart of your mining computer. The price here can …Contact us
2021-11-29 · Mining Press Releases Tudor Gold Intersects 0.97 g/t Gold Eq over 1,320 M, Including 1.38 g/t Gold Eq over 556.5 M, in Northwest Step-Out Hole GS-21-113-W2. This Hole Ended in Strong ...Contact us
F2Pool is a geographically distributed mining pool, helping miners all over the globe secure Bitcoin and 40+ Proof–of–Work networks since 2013.Contact us
2020-3-25 · Mining Costs. Off site costs: Smelting, Refining, OH etc. Capital On site cost Milling Mining Drill & Blast Backfill Develop-ment Ore & Waste Move-ment Mine General Cost Profile METAL PRICE MARGIN STRATEGIC COST Operating Costs Direct Cost Indirect Cost Operating Cost -Strategy. Operational challange 27of XX. Operational challengeContact us
Aside from assessing and evaluating social-environmental concerns and designing the mining and material movement approach, the first question often asked is, "how much will it cost us to mine?" This may need to be determined even before you decide that there is a potential project. Mine cost estimation may be done at many levels.Contact us
2013-5-21 · For example, Goldcorp (GG) came in at $1,072/oz, Newmont (NEM) had$1,258/oz, and Barrick (ABX) was at $1,347/oz. Using our data from Tickerscores, we looked at the average all-in cash cost of 32 smaller gold …Contact us
2019-2-4 · The first way in which proposed mining projects differ is the proposed method of moving or excavating the overburden. What follows are brief descriptions of the most common methods. 188.8.131.52 Open-pit mining Open-pit mining is a type of strip mining in which the ore deposit extends very deep in the ground,Contact us
2021-11-28 · Electricity cost is probably the factor that has the most impact on mining profitability. After all, Bitcoin''s SHA-256 mining algorithm is classified as Proof-of-Work (PoW) because work must be done to validate the network.Contact us
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Twin Beds with Corner Unit – Having great family also have the best moment to share with them and it will be the warmest house you ever live inside, but if you have more kids and think you will need some extra bedroom with extra beds, that's the huge problem, and now maybe your problem will much little disappear with this useful ideas twin beds with corner unit and this ideas can be adding into even for small bedrooms you have inside your house and your kids or other family member who want to stay long inside your house will not use "awful" floor or sofa for sleeping peacefully when the night come, it's very reasonable if you have big family you should consider what the best and proper items for "holding" up your family member, even for simple furniture like beds and about its prices, just variety, you can choose from cheap until expensive of it, as long as you will make your family don't have to sleep on the awful floor again.
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If you're thinking about starting your own company, the quality of your product is definitely going to be one of your main concerns. This is because designing and manufacturing a new product is often very complicated to accomplish. Therefore, the following includes four ways you can begin to model and test your product before going into production. Speak to Potential ...Read More »
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Welcome To Our Club!Welcome, and thank you for visiting the Corvette Club of South Florida award-winning website. Our club celebrated its 11th anniversary in March 2022. The growth of our club continues to exceed all of our expectations. Our membership has grown over the years and includes an extraordinary group of people, all dedicated to making our club a highly respected and outstanding organization. Our achieved goals are due to the dedication and support of all of our members & junior members. We are a proud group of people who we consider family!
We are extremely pleased to announce that on Sunday March 6, 2022 we presented our 10th Annual Corvette and Open Car & Truck Show, once again at the Lou Bachrodt Chevrolet Coconut Creek dealership. We awarded over 160 trophies, dash plaques to the first 300 registrants, door prizes, had gift basket & 50-50 raffles, and had numerous vendors & free food & drinks available on site. This was a Jumpin Jack Production show with the top DJ in Florida, Scott the Music Man. Net proceeds, as always, benefit Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital and on Friday, April 22, 2022 we presented the Hospital with a check in the amount of $18,000. This check, along with our previous nine years of contributions, gives us an impressive total of $150,990 donated to this very worthy cause!
On behalf of myself, Vice President & Treasurer Tony Sotallaro, my fellow Founding Members & Board of Directors, club members & junior members, a special thanks to all of the car clubs and individuals who registered for our shows as well as our outstanding vendors and sponsors. We could not have achieved our goal without your full support. Our very special thanks to Les Nunez, General Manager at Lou Bachrodt Chevrolet Coconut Creek for his continuous support and dedication to our club. A very special thanks to Messrs. Lou Bachrodt & Craig Bachrodt who have supported our club from day one. These men have built such a great organization. We truly have a wonderful partnership together which allows us to produce such outstanding shows.
Please be sure to mark your calendars as we will be presenting our next year's car show on Sunday, March 5, 2023. Be sure to click on the flyer above to print out, complete the registration form on the bottom, sign, and send in along with your registration fee.
Please be sure to scroll down for more great info!
Joe Cutroni, Club President & Founding Member
Corvette Club of South Florida


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An attractive plant suitable for the moist woodland garden, western azalea is a branched shrub from 1-2 meters high. The stems are covered with minute hairs or longer but appressed, stiff hairs which are reddish. These hairs extend onto the young leaves, bracts, and calyx. The deciduous leaves are thin with deep green upper blades and lighter green below. The blades are elliptic-oblanceolate in shape with entire to wavy margins. They are 4-9 cm long with petioles from 5-10 mm long. The leaves are sparingly pubescent, especially with age when they may appear fairly shiny (See photos.).
The inflorescence consists of clusters of 1-5 nodding flowers in axillary clusters near the tips of the branches. The pedicels are about 1-1.5 cm long and covered with glandular hairs as well as coarse red hairs that are appressed to the pedicels. The Calyx is divided to the base into 5 leafy, oblong lobes about one-half as long as the corolla. The calyx is also covered with a mix of coarse glandular hairs and red, appressed hairs. The corolla is also 5-lobed, the divisions only to about mid corolla. The corolla is white or cream in color and about 1.5-2 cm long, with the rounded lobes spreading. The 10 stamens are shorter than the corolla and are densely haired on their lower half. The anthers are ovoid in shape. The ovary is 4-5 celled and covered with long hairs. The fruits are short, ovoid capsules from 6-8 mm long with thick walls.
White rhododendron may be found at higher elevations in the mountains in moist forests, especially along streams.
White rhododendron may be found from British Columbia south to Oregon and east to western Montana and Alberta. In eastern Oregon, it is found at higher elevations in the Blue Mts.


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Multi-Family zoned property in Clark Co. Public utilities available. Nice rural setting near new high school. Land can be purchased in parcels. Nice sites for duplexes, tri-plexes, 4 or more units, etc.
Does not include any taxes or fees.
Please consult a financial professional.
Calculator source: Real Geeks
Listing courtesy of Tom Goebel & Company.


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A nonprofit senior living operator with three communities in the Dallas area has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after challenges exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, with a harassed horse bidder already lined up for a sale in bankruptcy.
The operator, Christian Care Communities & Services (CCC&S), has three communities in the Dallas/Fort Worth area totaling 760 units. They include communities in Allen, Fort Worth and Mesquite Texas. The organization also owns unimproved property adjacent to its Mesquite and Fort Worth communities.
The organization's estimated assets and liabilities include between about $50 million and $100 million, with outstanding municipal bonds totaling about $50 million, according to its bankruptcy court filing.
Prior to the filing, the company negotiated a purchase agreement with North Texas Benevolent Holdings, which will serve as an offer to purchase in a proposed bankruptcy sale with an agreed price of $44,250,000. A looming horse sale is an initial offer on the assets of a bankrupt entity that effectively establishes a low-end bidding floor so that bidders cannot underbid the purchase price.
CCC&S expects the sale of the properties to be completed in August or September.
North Texas Benevolent Holdings plans to lease the communities to affiliates of Boncrest Resource Group, which will honor all residency contracts, deposits and entrance fees, according to a news release about the bankruptcy filing.
"We are grateful to have found an operator who shares our long-term commitment and values," said Sabrina Porter, president and CEO of Christian Care Communities & Services, in a press release. "This sale, once approved by the bankruptcy court, will provide stability and sustainability to our communities for years to come."
Although the pandemic has "exacerbated" the company's financial difficulties, these challenges began in 2018. The company had planned several CapEx projects which were suspended in 2020 due to a lack of funding, according to the filing of bankruptcy.
The pandemic has resulted in a "significant decline" in occupancy in the company's three communities, while at the same time "market forces have limited the ability to increase residents' rental income to match these increased liabilities," according to the filing.
In April 2021, credit rating agency Fitch Ratings downgraded the organization to a D rating after it failed to pay its bond principal payments that were due the previous month.
"The decrease in fundraising contributions also meant that donations were not sufficient to cover the shortfall," the filing continues. "Based on extensive financial analysis and other due diligence, the Debtors have determined that it is in the best interests of their property, their residents and the future of their communities to sell substantially all of their assets.
Christian Care Centers is not the only senior living organization to have filed for bankruptcy following the challenges of Covid-19. In April, a court approved a Chapter 11 bankruptcy plan for American Eagle Delaware Holding Company and its subsidiary Eagle Senior Living.
Retirement homes accounted for the largest share of delinquencies reported by municipal bond issuers in the first quarter of 2022, showing that it was "the sector least well positioned to withstand the pandemic", according to a Moody's Investors Service April 15 report.
"This is both because of the inherent vulnerability that older people's lives have to a health emergency that disproportionately affects older people, and because the inherent financial weakness of many borrowers has left them with little leeway. to survive a disaster of any kind," the report said. .


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September 28, 2021
SICO paint brand by PPG has selected Cool Current, a grey-green, as its 2022 Color of the Year.
DULUX Paints by PPG chose Olive Sprig, a sage green as its 2022 Color of the Year.
AkzoNobel's 2022 Color of the Year can benefit from Interpon's Baku, the company says. Building on the light and airy shades of Bright Skies, Baku is a "bold" yet "neutral" tone.
"Not only have people's life priorities shifted following a year of uncertainty amid lockdowns, but so have their color preferences, with many homeowners eager to make uplifting changes to their living environments," says Martin Tustin-Fuchs, Senior Marketing Manager, Sico paint brand by PPG.
Tustin-Fuchs points to a recent survey that shows almost half of Canadians have already done or are planning to do home renovations as a result of the pandemic.
"We're seeing a consumer revolution of sorts as people shift away from the stark, neutral palettes popular in the last few years and opt instead for more saturated hues that are guiding us into a new era of home design," Tustin-Fuchs says. "This new era also includes a move from open concept living spaces to individual rooms to create privacy and compartmentalize working life from personal – a trend triggered by the rise in remote working and learning over the last year."
Helping customers bring their imagination to life is integral to our Interpon brand, says Daniela Vlad, Business Director of AkzoNobel Powder Coatings. "Our products – enhanced by our color trend research – are key to achieving architectural beauty, whether we're making a building stand out or blend seamlessly into its environment. We're excited to bring surfaces to life with our Interpon Futura Collection and its carefully selected Color of the Year, Baku."


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Home and Away's Jame Stewart may be renowned as Justin Morgan on the hit soap for stirring up trouble, but he's also a seriously doting dad.
A proud father enjoys nothing more than blogging about an eight-year-old scout's daughter, whom he shares with former wife Jessica Marais.
The actor was never shy about celebrating the life milestones of his daughter Scout with his followers, sharing sweet posts to mark her big life milestones, including her birthdays and her first school day.
We can't get enough of their cute bond, quite frankly.
Scout stole the spotlight last year when she appeared as the flower girl at her dad's wedding in Ireland with his Home and Away co-star, Sarah Roberts.
James confessed Scout had wanted her dad to propose to Sarah for a while before he bought the ring before their beautiful Irish nuptials, due to her love of prince and princess movies.
The Australian Women's Weekly told James and his Home And Away co-star and mom, Sarah Roberts, that their wish for the New Year is to have a baby together.
"A new life would be the greatest present my husband could give me. New life in my belly and a brother or sister for Scout," Sarah said.
When her dad connected the knot to his Home and Away co-star Sarah Roberts in Ireland last year, Scout had a starring role as a flower girl.
The eight-year-old is both her famous father and her mother's ideal combination.
James posted a post last year devoted to Scout's 6th birthday bash.
He posted, alongside a photo with his partner, Sarah Roberts, former Jessica Marais, and her partner, Jake Holly, "Scouts 'Michael Jackson' party for her 6th birthday! Thanks to all the little smooth criminals for coming!"
James posted a photo of himself brushing Scout's hair last year on International Women's Day.
"Grooming the leaders of tomorrow…" he wrote. "Happy International Woman's Day! Love ya Scout, Love ya Mum!"
"Don't grow up too quick sweetheart," James captioned this Scout snap.
Before her first day of training, the Home and Away star shared this cute photo of himself, Scout, and Jess.
I think Jess and I are more nervous than Scout… hah! Argh!"First step into big school.. I think Jess and I are more nervous than Scout.. hah! Argh!"First step to the big school.
With that throwback message, James celebrated Father's Day in 2017.
The best thing,"The greatest thing that ever happened to me,"that has ever happened to me. I love you Scout. Thanks for saving me. HAPPY FATHERS DAY… lads. "The deepest love I've ever felt. 'ever ever'. I love you Scout. thanks for rescuing me. ❤ HAPPY FATHERS DAY… lads."Evermore.
Double-double-seeing? Pretty fair enough! This photo was posted by James of himself and his twin brother, Nick, and their two mini-me daughters, Grace and Scout, who were able to pass by as sisters. We can't get over how close they look to their beautiful daughters.
Scout (R) and her look-alike cousin Grace (L) are described by James as the "funniest little angels."
"Family time with Scout & Grace… Flower girls at my sisters wedding!"
In the Stewart clan, the family resemblance runs deep! Although James' twin brother Nick and his little girl Grace are sharing an embrace, James and Scout cuddle up (L).
With this sweet family picture, James wished his fans a Merry Christmas.
In 2017, James recruited a new supporter from Queensland for the State Of Origin.
With this photo of Scout, James wished ex Jess Happy Mother's Day, carrying an adorable hand-made card.
Black and white beauty: a series of portraits were posted by James, writing: "Growing so fast… x"
"My little Princess," James wrote this selfie alongside him.
Yeah. Hats? Uh, check. Cute grins? Uh, check. From the early days, James and his mini-me were in sync!
- Home and Away star Ada Nicodemou reveals how she has changed her plans for Christmas.
- Home and Away's Ziggy and ex Dean's reunion 'sealed' amid Tane love triangle
- Friendship such a blessing! Home And Away's Penny McNamee & Sarah


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Ring Light: An extraneous light source that connects to the microscope and emits a ring of light for enhanced lighting. Interpupillary Adjustment: When using a stereo or binocular microscope there must be an adjustment for the distance between the viewers eyes. Coarse Adjustment Knob: This knob helps in focusing the specimen by adjusting the distance of the objective lens to the slide. The stage has a an orifice through which light from the mirror falls in the slide. A hole in the center of the stage allows the lightfrom the light source to pass through the slide. Both Type A and Type B are commonly used in light microscopy and the only difference is the viscosity B is more viscous.
Rack Stop: A safety feature that prevents the viewer from allowing the objective lens to accidentally hit the stage and damage the specimen or slide. The coarse focus moves in faster, whereas the fine focus is much slower therefore you see more detail. The higher power objective lenses have very tiny diameters and require concentrated light to work properly. It is a mechanical device that protects the gears of the microscope. In those systems the fine focussing works over the entire range of the coarse focussing travel.
Front and back movement knob 13. Stereo: Related to microscopes, seeing with both eyes through separate eyepieces and objective lenses. Generally this term is used in describing a high power compound microscope. Focus: The ability to achieve a clear image, typically achieved by moving either the eyepiece tubes or the stage. Stereo microscopes usually come with a small tension focus adjustment tool that looks similar to the image shown at right. When changing from one objective to another, the new image should be either in focus or close enough so that you can refocus with only minor adjustments.
High Power Objective: These are used for a detailed view of the specimen and small specimens. Revolving nosepiece: It is a circular metallic piece holding the magnifying lenses to the tube. It will tilt your microscope back for more comfortable viewing. All microscopes are designed to include a stage where the specimen usually mounted onto a glass slide is placed for observation. C Turn the coarse adjustment knob until the image is in good focus.
There are two types: one is a spiral type that you turn to move it up or down and the other is on a rack and pinion system and controlled with a condenser focusing knob. The most common ones are 4X shortest lens , 10X, 40X and 100X longest lens. D Rotate the nosepiece so the high-powered objective lens clicks into place. Make sure you purchase your precision instrument from a well-established dealer who will be around to help you with technical problems in case you have issues with your microscope. Nosepiece: This circular structure is where the different objective lenses are screwed in.
You will find many different types of microscopes today, that help in different fields of life sciences. Clamp Base: A clamp that replaces the traditional base on the bottom of a boom microscope and enables the pole to be clamped on to the side of a work bench or table. Turn it to change lenses. Nosepiece: The part of the microscope that holds the objective lenses also called a revolving nosepiece or turret. Phase Contrast: A contrast enhancing technique developed by Frits Zernike in 1953 for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics. If you are using a very thin slide, you may find that you can't get the high power objective lens close enough to the slide to focus. It is located under the stage often inconjunction with an iris diaphragm.
From there, fine adjustment can be used to get clear resolution. It consists of a single post rising vertically from the base. Once brought into focus, the oil acts as a bridge between the glass slide and the glass in the lens. It has much higher magnification or resolving power than a normal light microscope, up to two million times, allowing it to see smaller objects and details. C-Mount: This is an adapter with a standard thread for mounting a lens to a camera. More sophisticated high-powered microscopes havemechanical stages which allow the viewer to smoothly move the stagealong the X horizontal path and Y vertical path axis. Always use the coarse adjustment first and always start on low power.
Once the provided tool is fitted into the grooves in the focusing shaft, turning the tool clockwise should tighten the focusing mechanism, and alternatively, turning the tool counter-clockwise should loosen the focusing mechanism. This light helps in visualization of the microscopic sample. The larger of the two knobs is the coarse adjustment knob and allows broad changes in focus. There are two ways the coarse focus can be adjusted. Coaxial Focus: A focusing system that has both the coarse and fine focusing knobs mounted on the same axis.
Jeweler's Clip: A special clip that attaches to the stage and is designed to hold precious stones and jewelry for easier viewing. Most microscopes use achromatic lens with more exacting applications requiring plan or semi-plan objectives. Stand: Describes the connection between the body and base a stereo or low power microscope. Compound Microscope: Originally used to describe a microscope with more than one objective lens, a compound microscope is now generally understood to be a high power microscope with multiple, selectable objective lens of varied magnifications. One need to use it to adjust the eyepiece till it reaches the slide but not touch it. To further decrease or increase the height, the rock stop has to be loosened.
Stereo Microscope: A low power microscope or dissecting microscope with a separate eyepiece and objective lens for each eye. Slide: A flat glass or plastic rectangular plate that the specimen is placed on. One knob moves the slide left and right, the other moves it forward and backward. Stages are often equipped with a mechanical device that holds the specimen slide in place and can smoothly translate the slide back and forth as well as from side to side An eyepiece, or ocular lens, is a type of lens that is attached to a variety of optical devices such as telescopes and microscopes. Thats why the limits are marked on the stand.


text: Morphine is one of the analgesics used most to treat chronic pain although its long-term administration produces tolerance and dependence through neuronal plasticity. morphine-induced down-regulation of miR-133b was observed in the immature but not in adult rat hippocampal neurons. Our results indicate for the first time that zebrafish embryos communicate a functional μ-opioid receptor and that zebrafish serves as an excellent model to investigate the functions of microRNA in neuronal development affected by long-term morphine exposure. Rabbit Polyclonal to DVL3. Introduction Opioids are the most potent compounds known to control pain and are also among the most common medicines of misuse (Corbett et al. Atazanavir sulfate 2006 They bind to the classic μ- (MOR) δ- (DOR) and κ-opioid receptors. Although great attempts have been made on the study of the different mechanisms that are triggered from the opioid system using mammalian models many issues regarding opioid regulation remain unfamiliar. The zebrafish ((Hébert and De Strooper 2009 activates the transcription of genes directly involved in the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons genes such as the tyrosine hydroxylase (< 0.225 by Student's test) were recognized and the miRNA-133b was chosen for this study given its implication Atazanavir sulfate in addiction. RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR. Total RNA including miRNA was extracted using Tri-Reagent (Molecular Study Center Cincinnati OH) following a manufacturer's protocol. NCode miRNA First-Strand cDNA Synthesis (Invitrogen Carlsbad CA) was used to synthesize cDNA from miRNA and mRNA. cDNA concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm having a spectrophotometer (SmartSpec Plus; Bio-Rad Laboratories Hercules CA). The complete quantification of the PCR products was accomplished with a standard curve using the SYBR-Green method. The SYBR-Green was included in a 2× Expert Blend (QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kit; QIAGEN Valencia CA). The oligonucleotides used to amplify the different genes analyzed in this work were as follws: using primers based on the sequence of the full-length cDNA from Ensembl (accession quantity ENSDARG00000070069). The following primers were used: 3′UTR: ahead CGGTATGAAAGCGATGCGTCTA; opposite AGACAAAGCAGGCTACACCAGGA. The program utilized for the amplification was as follows: 15 min at 95°C followed by 35 cycles of 15 s at 95°C 30 s at 57°C and 1 min at 70°C. At the end of the cycles a final extension heat of 70°C was added for 10 min. The PCR Atazanavir sulfate product was purified and cloned into a TOPO-TA 2.1 vector (Invitrogen). TOP 10′F cells (Invitrogen) were transformed with the create and a maxi-prep was performed to obtain high quantities of the create. This create was digested with EcoRI for 1 h at 37°C and sent for sequencing. The digested product was injected at a concentration of 0.1 ng/μl into one-cell zebrafish embryos having a micromanipulator-microinjector system from Eppendorf AG (Hamburg Germany). Morpholino Microinjection. The morpholino antisense (MO) oligomer used to knock down was purchased from Gene Tools LLC (Philomath OR) and its sequence was AATGTTGCCAGTG TTTTCCATCATG. The MO was diluted in sterilized water to a stock concentration of 0.3 mM. In addition to the three MO experimental organizations (untreated 10 nM morphine and 10 nM morphine plus 1 μM naloxone) each experiment included a control MO group injected with morpholino that exhibits no binding target or biological activity as well as a control group (uninjected) for each experimental group (untreated 10 nM morphine and 10 nM morphine plus 1 μM naloxone). Zebrafish embryos were injected into the yolk in the one-to-four-cell stage with the morpholino oligonucleotide according to the published protocols (Nasevicius and Ekker 2000 Several MO concentrations were used to establish the concentration that produced the greatest effect on the manifestation level of the analyzed genes and the lowest embryonic death. Atazanavir sulfate To calibrate the amount of answer injected 10 pulses are injected into a 1-l microcapillary (Drummond Scientific Broomall PA). The amount of answer in the capillary is Atazanavir sulfate definitely measured using a millimeter ruler. These capillaries have 1 μl of total capacity and are 33 mm long; therefore 1 mm represents 30 nl of answer. The concentrations of MO and control MO used were 0.2 and 1 μM respectively (3 nl were injected into each embryo). Embryos were managed in E3 medium at 28.5°C until sacrificed at 24 hpf. Embryonic.


text:
In this chapter we assume that you perform deployment of your application to Kubernetes PaaS
The Spring Cloud Pipelines repository contains opinionated Concourse pipeline definition. Those jobs will form an empty pipeline and a sample, opinionated one that you can use in your company.
All in all there are the following projects taking part in the whole
microservice setup for this demo.
This is a guide for Concourse pipeline.
If you want to just run the demo as far as possible using PCF Dev and Docker Compose
There are 4 apps that are composing the pipeline
You need to fork only these. That's because only then will your user be able to tag and push the tag to repo.
The simplest way to deploy Concourse to K8S is to use Helm.
Once you have Helm installed and your
kubectl is pointing to the
cluster, just type this command to install the Concourse cluster in your K8S cluster.
$ helm install stable/concourse --name concourse
Once it's done you'll see the following output
1. Concourse can be accessed: * Within your cluster, at the following DNS name at port 8080: concourse-web.default.svc.cluster.local * From outside the cluster, run these commands in the same shell: export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=concourse-web" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use Concourse" kubectl port-forward --namespace default $POD_NAME 8080:8080 2. Login with the following credentials Username: concourse Password: concourse
Just follow these steps and log in to Concourse under http://127.0.0.1:8080.
We can use Helm also to deploy Artifactory to K8S
$ helm install --name artifactory --set artifactory.image.repository=docker.bintray.io/jfrog/artifactory-oss stable/artifactory
After executing this you'll see the following output
NOTES: Congratulations. You have just deployed JFrog Artifactory Pro! 1. Get the Artifactory URL by running these commands: NOTE: It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available. You can watch the status of the service by running 'kubectl get svc -w nginx' export SERVICE_IP=$(kubectl get svc --namespace default nginx -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}') echo http://$SERVICE_IP/ 2. Open Artifactory in your browser Default credential for Artifactory: user: admin password: password
Next, we need to set up the repositories.
First, access the Artifactory URL and log in with
admin and
password password.
Then, click on the Maven setup and click
If you go to Concourse website you should see sth like this:
You can click one of the icons (depending on your OS) to download
fly, which is the Concourse CLI. Once you've downloaded that (and maybe added to your PATH) you can run:
fly --version
fly is properly installed then it should print out the version.
There is a sample credentials file called
prepared for
k8s. You can use it as a base for your
To allow the Concourse worker's spawned container to connect to Kubernetes cluster you will need to pass the CA contents and the auth token.
To get the contents of CA for GCE just execute
$ kubectl get secret $(kubectl get secret | grep default-token | awk '{print $1}') -o jsonpath='{.data.ca\.crt}' | base64 --decode
To get the token just type:
$ kubectl get secret $(kubectl get secret | grep default-token | awk '{print $1}') -o jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 --decode
Set that value under
paas-stage-client-token and
After running Concourse you should get the following output in your terminal
$ export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=concourse-web" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}") $ echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use Concourse" $ kubectl port-forward --namespace default $POD_NAME 8080:8080 Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to use Concourse
Log in (e.g. for Concourse running at
127.0.0.1 - if you don't provide any value then
localhost is assumed). If you execute this script (it assumes that either
fly is on your
PATH or it's in the same folder as the script is):
$ fly -t k8s login -c http://localhost:8080 -u concourse -p concourse
Next run the command to create the pipeline.
$ ./set_pipeline.sh github-webhook k8s credentials-k8s.yml
Figure 5.7. Unpause the pipeline by clicking in the top lefr corner and then clicking the
play button


text:
More than 1,300 school pupils have tested positive for Covid in Warwickshire in just one week.
Coventry Live has obtained data from Warwickshire County Council which shows that 1,314 pupils have contracted the virus over the past seven days.
The latest data, which is for September 20 to September 27, show secondary schools in the county are the hardest hit.
Read more Warwickshire news here
Figures show that, in secondary schools, there have been 710 positive cases among pupils in a week.
For primary schools, there have been 578 confirmed cases among children.
A breakdown per area shows that Rugby is the hardest hit, with a total of 394 positive cases among primary, secondary and special needs schools.
This is followed closely by Stratford-upon-Avon with 283 positive cases and Nuneaton and Bedworth with 252 positive cases.
Cases per area
- Primary school cases - 142
- Secondary school cases - 240
- Nursery - 0
- Special- 3
- Total number of positive cases - 394
Nuneaton and Bedworth
- Primary school cases - 121
- Secondary school cases - 128
- Special- 3
- Other cases - 0
- Total number of positive cases - 252
North Warwickshire
- Primary school cases - 69
- Secondary school cases - 70
- Special - 6
- Other - 0
- Total number of positive cases - 145
- Primary school cases - 150
- Secondary school cases - 76
- Further Education cases - 0
- Nursery - 1
- All through - 13
- Total number of positive cases - 240
- Primary school cases - 96
- Secondary school cases - 187
- Further Education - 0
- Other - 0
- Total number of positive cases - 283
Warwickshire has seen a huge rate in coronavirus rates and the county council has admitted that this is largely down to school outbreaks.
A whole year group at a secondary school in Nuneaton has been told to get PCR test and learn from home after an increase in cases.
It comes as it emerged more than one in 10 secondary school pupils and over a third of school staff who had Covid-19 have suffered ongoing symptoms, figures suggest.
Experts say the most common symptom reported by staff and pupils was weakness/tiredness, while staff were more likely to experience shortness of breath than pupils, according to a small study of schools in England.
The survey was put together by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
It estimates that about 35.7% of staff and 12.3% of secondary school pupils with a previously confirmed Covid-19 infection reported experiencing ongoing symptoms more than four weeks from the start of the infection.
The study said that among those experiencing ongoing symptoms, 15.5% of staff and 9.4% of secondary school pupils said their ability to carry out day-to-day activities had been significantly reduced.
The Schools Infection Study, from Public Health England (PHE), the ONS and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), questioned staff and pupils in schools in July.
The analysis was based on 5,117 survey responses between July 2 and July 26 – 3,459 pupils and 1,658 staff in primary and secondary school took part.
Of these, 419 staff and 471 secondary school pupils were identified as previously having Covid-19.
The ONS emphasised that the data presented in the study was not representative of all schools in England.
Keep up with all of the latest local news with our daily newsletter.


text:
Snoring is more than an annoying sleep habit. Aside from the fact that it can hinder you from entering the most restorative sleep stages, it can even pose health risks. If you or your sleep partner suffers from snoring, you no longer have to consult with a doctor to acquire a prescription for medical devices like CPAP machines. There are tons of products on the market that you can buy online.
We recently tried out the SnoreTek anti-snoring chin strap. As the sleep partner of someone who suffers from obstructive sleep apnea, I can attest to missing out on hours of restful sleep and being annoyed by unnecessary sleep interruptions due to snoring to the point of often having to go to sleep in another room. SnoreTek is touted as offering multiple functions including stopping snoring, helping keep mouthpieces in place, and even reducing bloating.
Although we know what we're talking about when it comes to anti-snoring mouthpieces, we're not doctors. However, we've definitely done our research and tried this product out for ourselves, so let's examine the results we experienced with this product and help you decide if it would be a good fit for you.
Skip to our review summary here.
Video Review
Don't want to read the full review? Watch our video review instead.
SnoreTek Anti-Snoring Chin Strap Specs Sheet
- Can use with dentures
- Adjustable
- No off-gassing
- Comfortable to wear
How SnoreTek's Design Stops Snoring
SnoreTek is an adjustable product that works to keep your lower jaw from falling open as you sleep. Since your muscles relax when sleep sets in, this can cause the tongue and soft tissue to fall backward and block the airway. SnoreTek works to keep the jaw held shut to keep this from happening, thus reducing or, ideally, eliminating the vibrations we perceive as snoring.
How to Wear Your SnoreTek Chin Strap
When you get your product, it's pretty simple to use. You'll receive a small box which includes your chin strap and a mesh case. All you have to do is put the device on. This product is designed using Velcro to help you customize the fit. You put it on in two simple steps:
- Place the strap under your chin and position the cutouts around your ears
- Fasten the Velcro at the top of your head
It's pretty straightforward. I'm happy to report that this product stayed in place very well throughout the night. With other chin straps we've tried, we've found they can be prone to slipping off.
Does SnoreTek Stop Snoring?
As far as stopping snoring, my sleep partner's snoring episodes were reduced, but not completely eliminated. I think this could be partially due to the fact that he usually naturally sleeps with his mouth closed. He responds very well to mandibular advancement devices that work to move your jaw forward rather than upward. (You can read more about how different types of anti-snoring products work in this informative article.) However, a problem he's had with various mouthpieces is that they sometimes slip out.
When mouthpieces are used in conjunction with the SnoreTek chin strap, we found the combination to be highly effective. Not only did his snoring cease, but we didn't have to worry about it starting back up in the middle of the night when the mouthpiece would fall out.
Worth a Try for Mouth-Breathing Snorers
If you're a snorer and tend to breathe through your mouth, there's a good chance the reason for your snoring stems from the loss of structural support your soft tissue and tongue experience when the muscles relax. For many people, simply keeping the mouth closed is enough to keep snoring at bay. In the case of my sleep partner, he experiences blockage of the airway whether or not his mouth is open, and this is why MADs tend to help as they go the extra mile in keeping the jaw held forward.
It's worth noting that, if you're not sure what level of support your jaw needs, chin straps are more comfortable, and they seem to be designed with the light snorer in mind. If you don't feel your snoring is a significant problem or just want to work your way up the totem pole in terms of invasiveness, chin straps are a great place to start.
Highly-Elastic Materials Used for Comfort
You want to be comfortable in bed, and SnoreTek made getting to sleep easy. It's made of neoprene material that's highly elastic, and this makes it really easy to fit. The ear cutouts are very generic and were accommodating for me and my sleep partner. His head is quite a bit bigger than mine, so I think this shows how well it is at accommodating snorers of all shapes and sizes.
Because you can adjust the tightness of the Velcro, I found the minimal discomfort that's commonly associated with anti-snoring chin straps not to last any longer than a couple days.
Excessive Off-gassing
While it was very comfortable, I did have a problem with the smell as it does have a strong chemical odor. We tried a similar product that was quite a bit more expensive. Functionally, they worked about the same, although I think SnoreTek was a little more comfortable. However, I think the main difference was the quality of materials as the more expensive product didn't have the smell.
Not for Mouth-Breathing… How This Could be a Good Thing
Generally speaking, anti-snoring chin straps don't carry FDA approval, but since you don't wear it in your mouth and it's minimally invasive, this wasn't something that really concerned me or my sleep partner.
SnoreTek hasn't undergone any type of clinical testing. However, similar products have positive results in reducing or eliminating snoring. Some studies have even shown unexpected positive results through the use of chin strap devices like reducing blood pressure.
While it didn't cause any significant pain, I think it could be a little annoying for people who are used to mouth breathing. However, since there are benefits to nasal breathing, I think chin straps could be a great consideration for those who wish to wean themselves off nocturnal mouth breathing whether or not they snore. You don't need a doctor's prescription to buy, and I think it could be a great product to try for anyone who snores while breathing with their mouth open.
A Few Words of Warning
While most people can at least try an anti-snoring chin strap to see if it will work for them, there are a few things to consider before you buy. For starters, these devices should not be used by anyone who suffers from:
- Asthma
- Emphysema
- Central sleep apnea
- Severe respiratory disorders
If you have or suspect you may have any form of obstructive sleep apnea, it's always best to consult with your healthcare provider before you use any anti-snoring device. In our case, my sleep partner's doctor gave us the green light. Furthermore, you'll want to make an appointment with your dentist to consult if you have issues like loose teeth, advanced periodontal disease, or jaw joint pain.
If at any time you experience the following symptoms while using your SnoreTek chin strap, you should stop using it and talk to your doctor:
- TMJ pain
- Gum irritation
- Bite problems
- Central sleep apnea
- Loose teeth
Maintenance Tips
SnoreTek suggests you wash the product before you use it, but I could still smell it after the first wash. My sleep partner and I have been using this device for over a week, and you can still detect a slight odor. Furthermore, I am concerned that the Velcro will wear out over time. To ensure it lasts as long as possible, I'd suggest trying to keep the Velcro in place when you put it on and take it off.
SnoreTek Cost
SnoreTek is on the lower end of the spectrum when it comes to cost. You can purchase yours for $38.90. This cost covers one snoring chin strap and a small carrying case to make it easy to store and take with you when you travel. Since it includes the Velcro strap, there is only one size.
My Snoring Solutions Reviews and Feedback
Even though SnoreTek didn't completely eliminate my sleep partner's snoring, it did reduce it, and we found it to work very well in conjunction with anti-snoring mouthpieces in terms of ensuring they don't slip out. I think this is a great consideration for anyone who snores with their mouth open or is new to anti-snoring products and wants to see if the cheaper, less-invasive options will prove effective.
Of course, the information shared here is largely based solely on our experience, and everyone is different. I took a moment to see what other customers had to say about how SnoreTek worked for them:
Who We Recommend the Air Snore Mouthpiece For
With some anti-snoring products, it can take some time to determine whether or not it will prove effective in putting a stop to snoring. However, you're typically going to know after the first use if a chin strap is a right solution for you. That's why I think SnoreTek's 90-day trial period offers more than enough time for you to figure out if it was an effective purchase. This allows you to see how it'll work for you in varying conditions.
We've spent quite a bit of time not only trying out anti-snoring mouthpieces but also researching how they work. It seems that, if you're snoring isn't eliminated with chin straps, MADs are necessary. If you are a light snorer, you may find the relief you need in the SnoreTek chin strap. I think it's a great idea to try out first before you invest in the more invasive products on the market. It may also be a good pick if:
- You struggle with your mouthpiece falling out at night
- You don't want to have to wear something in your mouth while you sleep
- You snore with your mouth open
- You're on a budget
- You appreciate a generous trial period to see if it will work for you