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Adventures in Mobile Homes
About Adventures in Mobile Homes:
With over a decade of experience, I started out like most real estate investors investing in single-family homes. In the beginning, I found deals for other investors. After awhile, I started doing deals myself. Though, I found myself always working and was burnt out from being a landlord. So I dove into the wacky world of mobile home investing and here I am. It's much more fun.
Year Started:
Recent Posts from Adventures in Mobile Homes:
(Scam Alert) Real Estate Investing Guru: Fraud Case
December 2, 2022
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Afford Anything
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Kat Von D Studded Kiss Lipstick - A GO GO
This hybrid lipstick is formulated with Color Cushion Technology, which combines 10-hour budge-proof wear with vibrant color. Featuring a color spectrum for every skin tone, this lipstick lets you glide on velvety-soft comfort and eye-popping colors that range from classic everyday neutrals to bright shades.
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Right as I was ready to start a huge project. The Bare Bones Writing Anthology series print anthologies. As well as keeping updates on here. Being a Father, Husband, Working a 40 hour a week job, and everything that encompasses. We have recently (the last month or two) have began being harassed, stalked, threatened, baited into near fights but outside domestic arguments by a neighbor across from us and friends with neighbors that lived above us. This all began just because my daughter and his daughter couldn't get along. The father of his daughter has since tried to make our lives hell with constant intimidations towards my 10 year old daughter. Including stomping, calling her names, brandishing a butcher knife when we weren't around and gesturing stabbing motions that my daughter saw. He stays out at all times of the night with his camera/videotaping us with his camera phone no matter what we are doing. He knows my family is mixed and feel that he is already a bully, but also a racist bully, but also psychotic. As we are trying to work through this please understand that some things may be delayed for awhile since my concentration isn't fully here right now. I will update as I can, however the anthologies may be delayed a little longer.
Lack of updates update
By davidlonan1
David writes poetry, short stories, and writings that'll make you think or laugh, provoking you to examine images in your mind. To submit poetry, photography, art, please send to firstname.lastname@example.com. Twitter: @davidLOnan1 + @feversof Facebook: DavidLONan1View all of davidlonan1's posts.


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Purple Reigns! I'm loving the fact that year's pantone colour of the year is a shade of purple, Radiant Orchid. I totally love purple as an interior design colour – but what's your favourite (you can vote later in the blog)…
From dark and dramatic aubergine to fresh and delicate heather, purple is one of the most versatile and yet under used interior design colours, and it is by far my favourite! For me, purple reigns!
Purple is amazing at mixing with the grey and silver pallet to create glamour, whilst proving a striking contrast with black and gold, it all depends on how dramatic you want to go!
If metallics is not for you, then my favourite accent colour with a dark purple is a fresh teal, but other pops of colour can be introduced such as lime green, burnt orange, mustard or a bright pink. Stunning!
A more subtle colour combination is a shade of heather mixed with taupe and creams, producing a warm and inviting feel, whilst heather with grey gives a contemporary look, even though the furniture has a classic feel.
By painting one feature wall in shades of purple, you can create a dramatic back drop for furniture and accessories.
For me, the most wonderful textures for purple furniture and/or soft furnishings is velvet or chenille – embodying the regal feel and looking far more expensive than it actually might be! Satin and silk are also beautifully tactile materials that bring out the best in purple.
When thinking of purple as a colour choice in a home, many people think of just bedrooms, but it can look amazing in any room, that's how versatile it is!
Personally, my favourite pattern for purple is Baroque, complementing the rich and passionate tones, but any pattern is available for you to choose – from geometries to floral to stripes. You can introduce the regal Prince Purple into your home in so many ways, the most difficult job will be choosing which shade, products and patterns to crown!
So, it's clear I love purple, but what's your favourite design colour? Vote now on the blog article here
And don't forget to join me on the main A Passion for Homes website for more interior design articles, home staging stories, dream homes and property stories and home products – the kettle's on, so see you there!
Copyright: Jo Ridout, A Passion for Homes


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Lori Loughlin's daughters Olivia Jade and Bella seen on rowing machines in photos 'used to scam them into USC'
Lori Loughlin's daughters are seen posing on rowing machines in newly-released photos that were allegedly used to gain them entrance into USC.
Olivia Jade and Bella Rose Giannulli pose on the devices, which according to court documents they had never used before in their lives.
The photos were submitted as part of the Memorandum in Opposition that was filed in the case this week by prosecutors and obtained by The Sun.
There was also a copy of the email exchange between the girls father and the man who masterminded the plan, William Rick Singer.
In one emil he wrote: "Lori and Moss, I met with USC today. I need a PDF of her transcript and test scores very soon while I create a coxswain portfolio for her."
He then added, in rewrence to Bella: "It would probably help to get a picture with her on an ERG in workout clothes like a real athlete too."
The fake rowing credentials submitted by the girls were previously released in a filing back in January.
Olivia's application claims that she placed in the prestigious Head of the Charles race in Cambridge, and won regional championships while in high school.
Also included in that same filing were two new $50,000 checks paid out to USC athletics for the Galen Center.
Olivia's sister Isabella had a similar resumé when she applied, and also received rave remarks from an unidentified USC official.
A testimonial on letterhead from the school states that Isabella is "an earnest, outspoken, incredibly positive-minded coxswain."
It goes on to state that the teenager, who had never before rowed in her life, "has proven to have incredible awareness which has enabled her to organize and direct the boat under to [sic] most demanding of competitions."
That letter was submitted in October 2016, and a year later a similar version was sent heralding Oliva's abilities.
Two months after that, a check was sent to Galen Center Gift from the Mossimo Giannulli Trust for $50,000.
Loughlin and her husband are two of a handful of indicted parents in the Operation Varsity Blues scandal who have chosen to fight the charges.
The couple were indicted because they "conspired to commit federal program bribery by bribing employees of the University of Southern California to facilitate their children's admission" said prosecutors.
"In exchange for the bribes, employees of the university allegedly designated the defendants" children as athletic recruits – with little or no regard for their athletic abilities – or as members of other favored admissions categories.
Loughlin and her husband are now facing 60 years in prison and over one-million dollars in fines for allegedly bribing officials in a bid to get their daughters into the University of Southern California.
They are charged with: conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud and honest services mail and wire fraud; conspiracy to commit federal programs bribery; conspiracy to commit money laundering.
"Loughlin and Giannulli 'agreed to pay bribes totaling $500,000 in exchange for having their two daughters designated as recruits to the USC crew team - despite the fact that they did not participate in crew - thereby facilitating their admission to USC," according to court documents.
The couple emailed mastermind William Rick Singer in 2016 to say that they wanted to get the girl's into USC.
A short time after that, photos were taken of older daughter Isabella on an ergometer.
Dr. Heinel, the senior associate athletic director at USC, presented Isabella as a potential athletic recruit a month later,
It was then asked that a check be sent to Heinle for $50,000 from Giannulli, a copy of which has now been shared by prosecutors in the case.
That same filing included the email sent by Olivia's high school guidance counselor stating that the teenager did not participate in any crew program.
In a bombshell court filing submitted in February, Lori and lawyer Sean Berkowitz suggested that the FBI entrapped defendants in the college admission scandal.
The filing was made just before the trial date was announced in the case, and asked that the date be pushed back given the new evidence.
That request was denied by the court on Thursday and the trial was set for October 5 in Boston.
Lori and her husband will be tried alongside five others and both face 50 years in prison for allegedly paying $500,000 in bribes so their daughters Isabella and Olivia could gain admission to the University of Southern California.
It is a case that has rocked the nation for the past year, and seen high-profile executives, heiresses and one award-winning actress serve time behind bars.
Lori believes that this newly released evidence helps to back up her claim that she and husband Mossimo Giannulli were unaware that they were paying bribes.
According to court documents, this evidence consists of notes taken by William Rick Singer while he was cooperating with the FBI.
"Loud and abrasive call with agents. They continue to ask me to tell a fib and not restate what I told my clients as to where there money was going - to the program not the coach and that it was a donation and they want it to be a payment," he writes in one note.
He later wrote: "Essentially they are asking me to bend the truth which is what they asked me not to do when working with the agents and Eric Rosen.
"Liz raised her voice to me like she did in the hotel room about agreeing with her that everyone Bribed the schools. This time about asking each person to agree to a lie I was telling them.'
Berkowitz stated that "the Government for the very first time produced in discovery Brady information that is not only exculpatory, but exonerating for the Defendants the Government has charged with bribery."
He then went on to describe the specific piece of evidence he was referring to, noting that it had been in the custody of prosecutors for months.
"That discovery consists of Rick Singer's written notes contemporaneously memorializing his discussions with FBI investigators about recorded phone calls that they directed him to make to his clients in order to induce inculpatory statements to be used against those clients in subsequent criminal prosecutions," read the supplemental memo.
"Singer's notes indicate that FBI agents yelled at him and instructed him to lie by saying that he told his clients who participated in the alleged 'side door' scheme that their payments were bribes, rather than legitimate donations that went to the schools."
It does not stop there either, with Berkowitz arguing all the defendants should be cleared of wrongdoing, including those who made plea deals with prosecutors.
"The Government is trying to benefit from withholding information in violation of its obligations and the Defendants' constitutional rights, but then force trial as quickly as it can," wrote Berkowitz.
"The Government should not be rewarded, nor the Defendants punished, for this kind of egregious lack of candor and violation of its obligations."
He went on to write in a footnote that the government's strategy "has already worked to the detriment of those Defendants who elected to plead guilty to engaging in the side door."
Berkowitz added: "In those cases this Court has made findings that the Defendants' conduct amounted to bribery based on information provided to it by the government, without the benefit of this evidence that clearly shows that it was not."


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My Lords, with the leave of the House, I shall now repeat a Statement being made in another place by my right honourable friend the Secretary of State for Health.
"With permission Mr Speaker, I would like to make a Statement on public health. Today, the Government publish a public health White Paper with two clear aims: first, to protect and improve the health of the nation; and, secondly, to reduce health inequalities by improving the health of the poorest, fastest.
The need for this White Paper is beyond question. Britain currently has among the highest rates of obesity and sexually transmitted infections in Europe. Smoking still claims 80,000 lives a year. Alcohol-related admissions to hospital are unacceptably high and, in recent years, inequalities in health have widened, rather than narrowed. As Professor Sir Michael Marmot's review to my department put it,
'dramatic health inequalities are still a dominant feature of health … across all regions'.
There is a seven-year gap in life expectancy between the richest and poorest neighbourhoods, but a gap of nearly 17 years for disability-free life expectancy. About a third of all cases of circulatory disease, half of all cases of vascular dementia and many cancers could be avoided by reducing smoking, improving diet and increasing physical activity.
We need to do better, and we will not make progress if public health continues to be seen just in terms of NHS provision and of state interventions. Two-thirds of our potential impact on life expectancy depends on issues outside healthcare. Factors like employment, education, environment and equality all are determinants of health. They are, as Michael Marmot put it,
'the causes of the causes',
the underlying factors leading to poorer health. Unhealthy behaviours, like drinking too much, smoking or taking drugs are part of a complex chain of individual circumstances and social causes, typically rooted in poor aspiration, adverse peer pressure and low self-esteem.
The human cost of poor health is obvious. So, too, is the financial one. Alcohol abuse costs us an estimated £2.7 billion and obesity costs an extra £4.2 billion each year to the NHS alone. And, while there are things we can do to help, we cannot resolve all the difficult issues from Whitehall. Hence, this White Paper has one clear message above all others: that it is time for politicians to stop telling people to make healthy choices, and time to start actually helping them to do it.
There will be a profound shift in tone, attitude and outlook. Rather than nannying people, we will nudge them by working with industry to make healthy lifestyles easier. Rather than lecturing people about their habits, we will give them the support they need to make their own choices and, rather than dictating policies from the centre, we will support leadership from communities by giving local authorities more power to develop the right approaches for their communities.
This White Paper is a genuine cross-government strategy. Through the Cabinet Sub-Committee on Public Health, we will put good health and well-being at the heart of all our policies. To do so, we will recognise that we need to provide support at key times in people's lives. We will not only measure general well-being, we will seek to achieve it.
For instance, because we know a mother's health is key to a child's health and development, we are investing in Sure Start children's centres and 4,200 more health visitors to give families the support they need. Because we know that those who are unemployed for long periods are more likely to be admitted to hospital and more likely to die prematurely, we are transforming the welfare system, ending the benefits trap, and making sure that work always pays through a single universal credit. Because we know more people would cycle to work or school more often if there were safer routes for them to use, the Government are investing £560 million in sustainable transport.
Subject to parliamentary approval, there will be a new dedicated public health service—Public Health England—which will provide the resources, the ideas, the evidence and the funding to support local strategies. Public Health England will bring together, within the Department of Health, expertise from a range of public health bodies, including the Health Protection Agency, the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse and the Chief Medical Officer's department. It will work with industry and other government departments to shape the wider environment as it affects our health. It will also develop health protection plans".
I am awfully sorry to disturb the noble Earl and I am sorry to have to ask two very venerable noble Lords if they would mind having their conversation outside the Chamber as suggested in the Companion to the Standing Orders. I cannot concentrate on what the Minister is saying.
The Statement continues:
"It will also develop health protection plans and screening programmes to protect people from health risks. Because we also know that the foundations of good health are rooted in the community, often at a neighbourhood level, we must strengthen and renew local leadership to ensure that these efforts reach deeply into communities and match their unique circumstances.
Under this White Paper, the lead responsibility for improving health will pass to local government for the first time in 40 years. We intend to give local authorities new powers to plan, co-ordinate and deliver local strategies with the NHS and other partners and to embed the foundations of good health in ways that fit local circumstances. Directors of public health will provide strong and consistent leadership within local councils.
We also intend to establish the new local statutory health and well-being boards as a way of bringing together the NHS and local government. Whereas before, public health budgets were constantly raided by other parts of the NHS, we will prioritise public health spending through a new ring-fenced budget. We will look to the highest standards of evidence and evaluation to ensure that this money is spent wisely. The new outcomes framework for public health, on which we will consult shortly, will provide consistent measures to judge progress on key elements across all parts of the system—nationally and locally. The framework will emphasise the need to reduce health inequalities and will be supported by a new health premium incentivising councils which demonstrate progress in improving outcomes.
We have learnt over the last decade that state interventions alone cannot achieve success. We need a new sense of collective endeavour—a partnership between communities, businesses and individuals, which transforms not only the way we deliver public health, but also the way we think about it.
Through the public health responsibility deal, the Government will work with industry to help people make informed decisions about their diet and lifestyle, to improve the environment for health, and to make healthy choices easier. Through greater use of voluntary and community organisations, we will reach out to families and individuals and develop new ways to target the foundations of good health. Reflecting the framework in the ladder of interventions developed by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, we will adopt voluntary and less intrusive approaches so that we can make more progress, more quickly and resort to regulation only where we cannot make progress in partnership.
This is a time when the NHS and social care are under intense pressure from an ageing population and higher costs. It is a time when we must therefore put as much emphasis on preventing illness as we do on treating it. In the past, public health has been a fragmented and forgotten branch of the health service. This White Paper will make it a central part of everything we do, and we will bring forward legislation in the new year to enact these changes.
By empowering local authorities, by strengthening our knowledge of what works and by establishing the right incentives to drive better outcomes, the White Paper will deliver the strategy and support needed to reduce health inequalities and to improve the nation's health. I commend this Statement to the House".
My Lords, that concludes the Statement.
My Lords, I thank the Minister for repeating the Statement, which as we know was well trailed on the "Andrew Marr Show" on Sunday and on the "Today" programme this morning. There are some things that we would like to welcome and support in the Statement, and there are some that we think are a cause for concern. My overall impression is slight disappointment at the insubstantial nature of this Statement. Much of it is common sense and much of it picks up where the previous Government left off, but the Government have had quite some time to think about and to decide on the direction for public health. I believe that this White Paper is short on strategy. Therefore, I look forward to more substance as we move forward.
I think that we would agree that local authorities have an important role to play in the delivery of the public health agenda. Presumably, the new public health service will take on some of the responsibilities of the Health Protection Agency. I have to say to the noble Earl that I wonder why it was necessary to announce the abolition of the HPA, except to make a political point, which is disappointing, when a new agency is being created. The appointment of the new directors of public health will be very important in this programme of delivering a public health agenda. For them to be effective, they will need to be independent. How do the Government intend to ensure that directors of public health in local authorities have the necessary independence and power to deliver an agenda, which sometimes a local authority may not want to hear and may find expensive to deliver?
I am disappointed at the cheap gibes in the Statement, which I can only assume were the idea of the Minister's bosses—that the nanny state ruled during the Labour years and that Mr Lansley's "nudge-nudge" public health strategy will be more effective. We need to get past that sort of name calling. The evidence shows that by taking a lead, as Labour did, in the diagnosis of public health issues based on evidence and in taking some of the big decisions on, for example, smoking, exercise and diet—the noble Earl has not ruled out that this Government might need to do that too—we provided a good framework for people to take responsibility for their health and to start to change their habits. I hope that this Government will continue to support families where it is needed.
I do not think that nudging would have got us the ban on smoking in the workplace. "Nudge" will not replace the brilliantly successful schools sports programme. I am not sure that nudge will deliver the national screening programme mentioned in the Statement. I am certainly sure that nudge will not deliver healthy meals in schools or fruit for schoolchildren. So I am sceptical about the nudge part of this Statement.
However, we can all agree that factors such as unemployment, education, environment and equality are important determinants of health. The Statement is correct in saying:
"Unhealthy behaviours, like drinking too much, smoking … are … rooted in poor aspiration, adverse peer pressure and low self-esteem".
As Marmot puts it, and as the noble Earl has said, they are the "causes of the causes". That is absolutely correct.
I disagree with this Statement where it puts forward a cross-government initiative; that is, joined-up government. The noble Earl needs to explain how throwing somewhere between 400,000 and 500,000 people on the dole will help their self-esteem and their family's prospects. He would need to explain the joined-up bit of the Government that led his right honourable friend the Secretary of State for Education to get rid of the successful school sports scheme that got our nation's children playing sport. Ditto housing benefit cuts, which may put some families' homes at risk or move them away from where they can earn a living. That is not going to provide the right environment. Finally, we have the abolition of the education maintenance allowance, which has allowed thousands of children from low-income families to stay on at school after 16. If, as Marmot says, life chances and opportunities are an important part of people's well-being and health, how can the Minister explain the contribution of this initiative to public health?
I want to turn to the regulation of tobacco. This House has debated this issue at length and over quite some time, and by several large majorities it supported the introduction of point-of-sale tobacco regulation and the banning of tobacco products in vending machines. Just this morning, on the "Today" programme, the Secretary of State confirmed that he accepted the evidence that the visibility of cigarettes is a factor that leads to the initiation of smoking. He also mentioned the issue of plain packaging and the Government's intention to consult on this. We all know that such a consultation will take years and that any action to put tobacco into plain packaging, following on from such a consultation, will take years to come into force. This cannot and should not be seen as an alternative to the legislation to ban tobacco displays. The display legislation is on the statute book. It will protect this generation of children from brightly coloured displays in shops. I should like to ask the Minister this: will cigarettes no longer be on display in supermarkets from October next year? Further, if the Government intend to consult on plain packaging, how long will the consultation take, who will run it and how much will it cost?
I have two or three more questions for the Minister. I warmly welcome the Government's intention to invest in Sure Start children's centres and in more health visitors. I also support the development of health protection plans and screening programmes, but I have to ask the Minister: is this nudge or is this target? How are the Government going to decide whether enough people are being screened, because that aim needs a target rather than a nudge? The ring-fencing of public health budgets is going to be a challenge. How will the Government decide what is going to be included in those budgets and what will be excluded? Moreover, how are they going to stop hard-pressed local authorities from raiding them? That will indeed be a challenge. We support the Government in doing this, but we will need to address how it will be possible to deliver that ring-fencing.
Finally, I certainly welcome the greater use of voluntary and community organisations. We worked with many organisations in different health fields, and that is exactly right. However, the funding and support for these organisations needs to be maintained.
My Lords, I am grateful to the noble Baroness for the welcome she has given to at least certain elements of the White Paper, and I join her in expressing the hope that this is an area where we can work across the parties. That is because, as the White Paper says, this is very much a matter for all citizens and all elements in society, including industry and employers as well as parliamentarians. However, she asked a number of questions and made several criticisms, so I shall endeavour to reply to as many as I can.
The noble Baroness started by saying that she feels that the White Paper is a little short on strategy. I do not share that view. It makes it clear that we are making a conscious shift of power to local government to draw together public health with the factors that are so influential in achieving good health outcomes. Examples of those factors are housing, transport and education. It is about simplifying, strengthening and unifying national arrangements to reduce red tape and duplication, and to have a clear focus and high priority on public health within central government as well. I believe that the strategy is clear and I hope that, when she has had time to read the White Paper at leisure, she will modify her view.
She referred to the Health Protection Agency and she was right to say that the functions of the agency are, if Parliament agrees, going to be subsumed into Public Health England. The new body will bring together key professionals involved in public health from the national to the local level. It will have a mission to protect and help improve the nation's health and well-being.
She asked about directors of public health in the new system. With the abolition of primary care trusts, directors of public health, employed by local authorities but jointly appointed with Public Health England, will be responsible for commissioning health improvement and some health protection services using the ring-fenced budget to which I referred. We envisage that, through local partnership working, including through the local health and well-being board, directors of public health will be able to influence the wider determinants of health and well-being and improve outcomes for their local population.
The noble Baroness was sceptical about the concept of "nudge". The Government's approach to health improvement is not based solely on nudging people. We accept that the evidence base for applying insights from behavioural science and health contexts is relatively undeveloped. That means that we need to develop the evidence base for that approach, clearly, and that we need to use a wide variety of methods to encourage people to adopt healthier behaviours, not just based on nudges but by continuing to use other effective approaches, such as customer insight and segmentation. As the Statement mentioned, there will always be a role for regulation. However, the Nuffield ladder, which the noble Baroness will see in the White Paper, gives a very good illustration of the menu of options available to us in this context.
The noble Baroness referred to schools, and I note her concerns. At the same time, we have plans for developing the use of school nurses. I see that as a very important part of the vision to ensure that we can have a workforce that is alive to public health issues in the school context. A great deal of work is going on, and I would be happy to brief the noble Baroness on that.
She referred to tobacco, an issue to which we regularly return. I have little, I fear, to add to what I told the House during the Question earlier this afternoon. However, we are considering plain packaging, as I mentioned earlier. The current intention is to ask retailers to cover up their displays of cigarettes so that children are not attracted by the packaging. This is widely accepted as the last form of marketing available to tobacco companies to recruit new smokers. We also want to look at how plain packaging could further protect children from taking up smoking in the first place, and help support people who are trying to quit. It is early days. We cannot say more than that at the moment, but it is something to which I am sure that we can return. On tobacco displays, I cannot add to what I told the House earlier this afternoon. This is still under consideration.
I am glad that the noble Baroness welcomed the concept of the ring-fenced budget. Local authorities will be accountable for the use of the budget. We expect that directors of public health will take the lead in local authorities on the use of the budget. We will be clear about the outcomes that we are seeking, but we will not be prescriptive about how those outcomes are achieved. I think that there will be transparency about the use of the budget through the normal, local, democratic means. More details on the accountability arrangements will be set out in the public health funding and commissioning consultation document, which will be published very shortly.
Finally, the noble Baroness asked me to clarify how we viewed the system as being joined up. We do, I think, view this as potentially a joined-up system. Successful delivery of public health services will require strong links not only from Public Health England at the centre with local authorities, but also between local authorities and the NHS. Joint working will be essential in supporting the collection and provision of the information needed to inform future commissioning, and to enable specific public health services to be commissioned through and delivered by the NHS. That will require a sharing of expertise and knowledge across the two services.
I look forward, as I hope the noble Baroness does, to a new public health effort. We will doubtless return to this topic when, in due course, the health and social care Bill reaches this House as there are important measures in it on which this service will depend.
My Lords, no one who has listened to and observed noble Lords on the Front and other Benches opposite would think other than that they are passionately committed to the health service and to the health of the nation. However, as they look back over the past 13 years, they would also observe that at the end of that time issues such as obesity, smoking, sexually transmitted diseases, mental health and the increasing disparity in morbidity between people who live in poor areas and better-off areas were uncompleted in terms of what they wanted to see. It therefore does not seem unreasonable to ask whether that was partly because the approach had reached the limits of its validity.
That is why, in welcoming the Statement, I ask my noble friend to address two brief questions. First, as we move towards more local responsibility for provision of public health, and the undertaking of that responsibility by local directors of health and local health and well-being committees, is there a recognition that that transition cannot happen without real input and help from Public Health England and from those experienced in delivering public health? It cannot be adopted at the drop of a hat. Secondly, when it is adopted—and different approaches will be taken in different areas, quite properly and, in many ways, more effectively—is there a recognition that Public Health England will also have a role in liaising with and providing a network among the directors of public health and health and well-being committees so that they can promote health in the way that we all want?
I remind noble Lords that we have a very short amount of time and that they should be extremely brief, either with a question or with a comment. They can do either but they should be as brief as possible. I shall try to be as fair as possible in getting around the House.
My Lords, my noble friend asked a series of important questions. He has put his finger on how, in many senses, the system will be joined up. He is right to say that Public Health England will be instrumental in supporting local directors of public health in their task. We envisage that Public Health England will create a common sense of purpose and values among a widely dispersed group of workforces. We will develop a workforce strategy with representative organisations and publish that next year. That, I hope, will help to support a smooth transition. At the same time, we do not want to cramp the style of local directors of public health. Much will be down to local decision-making and, in particular, the individuals now employed in PCTs will be looking to transfer across to local authorities as the size and shape of public health teams materialises over the months ahead. We are not going to prescribe from above in determining how public health teams should be configured in local authorities, but there will be considerable support in the advice and expertise available from the centre.
There is much that is welcome within the report but I have some reservations. When the directors of public health are employed by local authorities, will the local authorities also be responsible for their appraisal? Who will be responsible for their revalidation? Will there be audits of the impact of any interventions? Will there be co-ordination of those audits to see which interventions are the most effective? Will there be research in public health to find the most effective ways of guiding people's behaviour so that they contemplate change? The word "nudge" has been used in the Statement. This goes back to Julian Tudor Hart's work, many years ago, highlighting the inverse care law. It will be really important that directors of public health do not become isolated in a local authority where they find it difficult to bring about change.
My Lords, the noble Baroness will see when she has a chance to read the relevant section of the White Paper that local directors of public health will be jointly appointed by Public Health England at the centre and by local authorities. We see that as important because they will be fulfilling multiple roles. For example, the health protection role fulfilled by Public Health England will have to be delivered at a local level and, to that extent, it is important that directors of public health are accountable upwards to the centre. At the same time, in much of their work, particularly on health improvement, local directors will be accountable to their local authority and their local population. There is a dual accountability working here.
On appraisal mechanisms, I think it is too soon to say, as we have not worked out the detail of that, but clearly, that will have to reflect the dual accountability I mentioned.
On the audit question, we are issuing a paper about the outcomes framework. The way in which outcomes are assessed and audited will be key to ensuring that the interventions and initiatives that are put in place are evidence-based, that they are relevant and that they have an effect. I hope that the noble Baroness, for one, will feed into that consultation.
Finally, the noble Baroness asked about research. There will be two main engines for public health research. One is the NIHR school for public health research, which will consist of leading academic centres of excellence focusing on evaluation and what works practically and can be applied across the whole country. The other will be the policy research unit on behaviour and health, located in the department, the opening programme of which will initially focus on four behaviours; namely, diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. It is very important that we get closer to what motivates people to change behaviour.
There is much to welcome in the noble Earl's Statement and I agree with my noble friend Lady Thornton that there are some things to be concerned about. We should be careful that nudge does not become fudge in respect of the implementation of these policies. My question relates to the very substantial reductions in teaching grants to our universities. Has anyone in Government yet done any work on or given any thought to the implications of the reductions in those grants for the training of doctors, dentists and other paramedics in our higher education institutes and other colleges? If they have not, they should do so quickly, because the implications of those cuts could have a very substantial bearing on the number of doctors, dentists and others coming out of our universities in the future.
My Lords, the training of the workforce will be key—I would not disagree with the noble Lord on that question. This is a matter on which we are focusing very closely. I will need to write to the noble Lord on the specifics of his first question because the figures are not in my brief, but we are clear that, without the necessary workforce to deliver the public health programme on the ground at local authority level, we will not be able to see the improvements that we need. That will be a major focus for my department.
Does my noble friend recall in "Dr Finlay's Casebook" the role of Dr Snoddie, the very independent but suitably qualified director of public health, for want of a more modern phrase? When my noble friend comes to look at the qualifications for directors of public health, will he ensure that they have the appropriate qualifications, so that we do not repeat what has happened elsewhere in the health service, with a generation of administrators who override the clinical judgments of those who are more medically qualified to take decisions?
My noble friend takes me back to happy days watching "Dr Finlay's Casebook". I seem to remember that Dr Snoddie always had an encounter with Mistress Niven, who came down with all manner of complaints and ailments that the redoubtable duo usually diagnosed and dealt with.
My noble friend is correct. We have to ensure that we have the right people trained at the right level to deliver this service and that we do not get bogged down in managerial bureaucracy. Health and well-being boards will be a vehicle for public health, social care, the GP consortia, when they are formed, and the patient organisations, such as HealthWatch, to come around the same table, so to speak—maybe literally—in order to look at the broader health needs of an area and decide on priorities. I see that as powerfully playing into the public health agenda. This will be far from being a process that is bogged down in bureaucracy.
My Lords, I welcome this document as well as the concept of cross-party working on public health services. I particularly welcome, as the Minister might expect me to say, the references in the document to improving sexual health.
I have a number of questions. On the directors of public health, the Minister talked about them being at the right level. What level is that expected to be within the framework of local government? Unless they have a high status within local government then, unfortunately, they might not be able to influence some of the things that they might want to influence. I have another question regarding the directors. In working with GP consortia, what if there is a difference of view that needs to be resolved? Who takes the final decision? Who has the final say in respect of that?
How is it going to be determined whether an area qualifies for the new health premiums? With regard to ring-fenced budgeting, the aid support grant lost its ring-fencing. Does that mean that it will be in the public health ring-fenced budget or not?
When the independent advisory group on sexual health, of which I was chair, was abolished, we were told that a new sexual health organisation would be established. What will be the process for that and when is it likely to happen?
My Lords, the noble Baroness asked me a number of questions there. I may not be able to answer all of them now, but I will certainly write on those that I cannot.
As I mentioned earlier, it is important to recognise that in part the status of directors of public health will be confirmed by virtue of not simply being appointed locally, but also by being appointed from the centre by Public Health England. That will confer an added status to them. With the dual accountability that I referred to, primary accountability would be to their employer, the local authority, but the Secretary of State would have a backstop power to dismiss directors of public health on the basis of a failure to discharge local authority responsibilities in the area of health protection. Again, while one does not want to dwell on that power, it signifies that this is a person who will be there very much as the representative of the Secretary of State.
The noble Baroness asked what happens if there is a difference of view. Differences of view will arise but the important point to emphasise here is that we want to see them sorted out at a local level wherever possible. That will not always be possible but it should be the aim that health and well-being boards and consortia should decide, in the light of the joint strategic needs assessment and other factors, what the priorities are locally and how the budget is to be spent. It has to be that way: second-guessing from the centre is bound to lead to perverse consequences. However, there will be mechanisms available to ensure that the NHS commissioning board will have a role in trying to resolve these issues and the noble Baroness will see, when we publish the health and social care Bill, that the Secretary of State will have a backstop power in extremis.
She asked about the health premium. We will be publishing a document for discussion on this. We want to hear the views of everybody as to how this should work. Clearly, if a health premium is paid it has to reflect a measure of genuine progress in reducing health inequalities, while recognising that some areas start off with the handicap of having particularly deprived communities to work with and that the task is thereby more difficult. It is important that the department receives the views of interested parties to see how this is going to work.
On sexual health, we are looking to see what more can be done to increase the awareness of risks, prevent infection and promote access to screening and treatment. The consultation documents, which will be issued shortly, will set out the proposed funding and commissioning routes for public health services, including how comprehensive sexual health services might best be commissioned. I hope the noble Baroness will feed into that.
My Lords, the noble Earl mentioned looking at the causes of the causes very early on in his Statement. I think it is now well accepted that a foetus is not protected by either the placenta or the blood-brain barrier from environmental assaults. I am concerned that a lot of the obesity that we see now in young children who run around normally and cannot be described as couch potatoes—although perhaps their diet is deficient—may have originated in the womb from oestrogen-mimicking hormones and by chemicals such as bisphenol A and phthalates. It seems to me that we disregard these factors at our peril and we are blaming people for factors that are beyond their ability to control. Another point is the effect of maternal stress on the foetus. High cortisol levels in the mother affect the child and cause ADHD and educational problems later on in their lives. What is the Minister doing to look at what is happening to babies in the womb and the effects on them in their future life?
I shall need to write to the noble Countess on exactly what work programmes are in train in that area but she is absolutely right—this is an area that I have taken a close interest in over the years. It is fundamental to understanding both health in childhood and later on in adulthood, and behaviour in children.
We fully recognise that good nutritional status is important at all stages of life. That includes the role of the diet in pre-maternal health, and affects teenagers in particular and the elderly, where there are concerns about malnutrition; I know that is not the focus of the noble Countess's question. The national diet and nutrition survey will allow us to continue monitoring the status of the diet in the UK population and to target interventions where they are needed. I will write to the noble Countess to give her further particulars.
My Lords, could my noble friend please explain one tiny inconsistency in government policy? Today he announced that some parts of NHS expenditure would be ring-fenced to deal with the problem of obesity. However, earlier in the week the Education Secretary removed ring-fencing on school sports, which was partly designed to tackle the same problem. Am I right about this being an inconsistency, or can my noble friend explain whether I am making a mistake?
Far be it from me to say that my noble friend makes mistakes. No, he has not misunderstood the situation. The point of the ring-fence is to ensure that the money we supply to local authorities is genuinely used for public health purposes. That is obvious. However, there will be flexibility for local authorities to decide what falls within the public health definition. As long as they can justify their decision that the expenditure is public health-related, they will be free to spend the money accordingly. There may be uses for public health money that involve schools or sport and so on. This, again, is something that we will need to look at when we define how much money there will be—that is being worked out—and in our dialogues with local authorities, to ensure that the rules are absolutely clear.


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An Evening with Dan Rodriguez
July 22 @ 8:00 pm - 10:00 pm
Dan Rodriguez is a bluesy over-toned powerful, yet seductive voice and skilled singer songwriter. His song "Waiting" was featured in the Superbowl Budweiser, commercial as well as his single "So Good" featured by Miller Lite's NFL and ESPN commercials in 2018, among others.


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In Laravel, roles and permissions have been one of the most confusing topics over the years. Mostly, because there is no documentation about it: the same things "hide" under other terms in the framework, like "gates", "policies", "guards", etc. In this article, I will try to explain them all in "human language".
Gate is the same as Permission
One of the biggest confusions, in my opinion, is the term "gate". I think developers would have avoided a lot of confusion if they were called what they are.
Gates are Permissions, just called by another word.
What are the typical actions we need to perform with permissions?
- Define the permission, ex. "manage_users"
- Check the permission on the front-end, ex. show/hide the button
- Check the permission on the back-end, ex. can/can't update the data
So yeah, replace the word "permission" with "gate", and you understand it all.
A simple Laravel example would be this:
1use App\Models\User; 2use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Gate; 3 4class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider 5{ 6 public function boot() 7 { 8 // Should return TRUE or FALSE 9 Gate::define('manage_users', function(User $user) {10 return $user->is_admin == 1;11 });12 }13}
1
 2
 3 Projects 4
 5 @can('manage_users') 6
 7 Users 8
 9 @endcan10

1Route::resource('users', UserController::class)->middleware('can:manage_users');
Now, I know that, technically, Gate may mean more than one permission. So, instead of "manage_users", you could define something like "admin_area". But in most examples I've seen, Gate is a synonym for Permission.
Also, in some cases, the permissions are called "abilities", like in the Bouncer package. It also means the same thing - ability/permission for some action. We'll get to the packages, later in this article.
Various Ways to Check Gate Permission
Another source of confusion is how/where to check the Gate. It's so flexible that you may find very different examples. Let's run through them:
Option 1. Routes: middleware('can:xxxxxx')
This is the example from above. Directly on the route/group, you may assign the middleware:
1Route::post('users', [UserController::class, 'store'])2 ->middleware('can:create_users');
Option 2. Controller: can() / cannot()
In the first lines of the Controller method, we can see something like this, with methods
can() or
cannot(), identical to the Blade directives:
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 if (!$request->user()->can('create_users'))4 abort(403);5 }6}
The opposite is
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 if ($request->user()->cannot('create_users'))4 abort(403);5 }6}
Or, if you don't have a
$request variable, you can use
auth() helper:
1public function create()2{3 if (!auth()->user()->can('create_users'))4 abort(403);5 }6}
Option 3. Gate::allows() or Gate::denies()
Another way is to use a Gate facade:
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 if (!Gate::allows('create_users')) {4 abort(403);5 }6}
Or, the opposite way:
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 if (Gate::denies('create_users')) {4 abort(403);5 }6}
Or, a shorter way to abort, with helpers:
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 abort_if(Gate::denies('create_users'), 403);4}
Option 4. Controller: authorize()
Even shorter option, and my favorite one, is to use
authorize() in Controllers. In case of failure, it would return a 403 page, automatically.
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 $this->authorize('create_users');4}
Option 5. Form Request class:
I've noticed that many developers generate Form Request classes just to define the validation rules, totally ignoring the first method of that class, which is
You can use it to check the gates as well. This way, you're achieving a separation of concerns, which is a good practice for solid code, so the Controller doesn't take care of the validation, because it's done in its dedicated Form Request class.
1public function store(StoreUserRequest $request)2{3 // No check is needed in the Controller method4}
And then, in the Form Request:
1class StoreProjectRequest extends FormRequest 2{ 3 public function authorize() 4 { 5 return Gate::allows('create_users'); 6 } 7 8 public function rules() 9 {10 return [11 // ...12 ];13 }14}
Policy: Model-Based Set of Permissions
If your permissions can be assigned to an Eloquent model, in a typical CRUD Controller, you can build a Policy class around them.
If we run this command:
1php artisan make:policy ProductPolicy --model=Product
It will generate the file app/Policies/UserPolicy.php, with the default methods that have a comment to explain their purpose:
1use App\Models\Product; 2use App\Models\User; 3 4class ProductPolicy 5{ 6 use HandlesAuthorization; 7 8 /** 9 * Determine whether the user can view any models.10 */11 public function viewAny(User $user)12 {13 //14 }15 16 /**17 * Determine whether the user can view the model.18 */19 public function view(User $user, Product $product)20 {21 //22 }23 24 /**25 * Determine whether the user can create models.26 */27 public function create(User $user)28 {29 //30 }31 32 /**33 * Determine whether the user can update the model.34 */35 public function update(User $user, Product $product)36 {37 //38 }39 40 /**41 * Determine whether the user can delete the model.42 */43 public function delete(User $user, Product $product)44 {45 //46 }47 48 /**49 * Determine whether the user can restore the model.50 */51 public function restore(User $user, Product $product)52 {53 //54 }55 56 /**57 * Determine whether the user can permanently delete the model.58 */59 public function forceDelete(User $user, Product $product)60 {61 //62 }63}
In each of those methods, you define the condition for the true/false return. So, if we follow the same examples as Gates before, we can do this:
1class ProductPolicy2{3 public function create(User $user)4 {5 return $user->is_admin == 1;6 }
Then, you can check the Policy in a very similar way as Gates:
1public function store(Request $request)2{3 $this->authorize('create', Product::class);4}
So, you specify the method name and the class name of the Policy.
In other words, Policies are just another way to group the permissions, instead of Gates. If your actions are mostly around CRUDs of Models, then Policies are probably a more convenient and better-structured option than Gates.
Role: Universal Set of Permissions
Let's discuss another confusion: in Laravel docs, you won't find any section about User Roles. The reason is simple: the term "roles" is artificially made up, to group the permission under some kind of name, like "administrator" or "editor".
From the framework point of view, there are no "roles", only gates/policies that you can group by in whatever way you want.
In other words, a role is an entity OUTSIDE of the Laravel framework, so we need to build the role structure ourselves. It may be a part of the overall auth confusion, but it makes perfect sense because we should control how roles are defined:
- Is it one role or multiple roles?
- Can a user have one role or multiple roles?
- Who can manage roles in the system?
- etc.
So, the Role functionality is another layer of your Laravel application. This is where we get to the Laravel packages that may help. But we can also create the roles without any package:
- Create "roles" DB table and Role Eloquent Model
- Add a relationship from User to Role: one-to-many or many-to-many
- Seed the default Roles and assign them to the existing Users
- Assign a default Role at the registration
- Change Gates/Policies to check the Role instead
The last bit is the most crucial.
So, instead of:
1class ProductPolicy2{3 public function create(User $user)4 {5 return $user->is_admin == 1;6 }
You would do something like:
1class ProductPolicy2{3 public function create(User $user)4 {5 return $user->role_id == Role::ADMIN;6 }
Again, here you have a few options to check the roles. In the example above, we assume there's a
belongsTo relationship from User to Role, and also there are constants in the Role model like
ADMIN = 1, like
EDITOR = 2, just to avoid querying the database too much.
But if you prefer to be flexible, you can query the database every time:
1class ProductPolicy2{3 public function create(User $user)4 {5 return $user->role->name == 'Administrator';6 }
But remember to eager load "role" relationship, otherwise, you can easily run into an N+1 query problem here.
Making it Flexible: Permissions Saved in DB
In my personal experience, the usual model of building it all together is this:
- All permissions and roles are saved in the database, managed with some admin panel;
- Relationships: roles many-to-many permissions, User belongs to Role (or many-to-many roles);
- Then, in AppServiceProvider you make a
foreachloop from all permissions from DB, and run a
Gate::define()statement for each of them, returning true/false based on the role;
- And finally, you check the permissions with
$this->authorize('permission_name'), like in the examples above.
1$roles = Role::with('permissions')->get(); 2$permissionsArray = []; 3foreach ($roles as $role) { 4 foreach ($role->permissions as $permissions) { 5 $permissionsArray[$permissions->title][] = $role->id; 6 } 7} 8 9// Every permission may have multiple roles assigned10foreach ($permissionsArray as $title => $roles) {11 Gate::define($title, function ($user) use ($roles) {12 // We check if we have the needed roles among current user's roles13 return count(array_intersect($user->roles->pluck('id')->toArray(), $roles)) > 0;14 });15}
In other words, we don't check any access by roles. Role is just an "artificial" layer, a set of permissions that is transformed into Gates during the application lifecycle.
Looks complicated? No worries, this is where we come to packages that can help.
Packages To Manage Roles/Permissions
The most popular packages for this are Spatie Laravel Permission and Bouncer, I have a separate long article about them. The article is very old, but the market leaders are still the same, because of their stability.
What those packages do is help you to abstract the permission management into a human-friendly language, with methods that you can easily remember and use.
Look at this beautiful syntax from Spatie permission:
1$user->givePermissionTo('edit articles');2$user->assignRole('writer');3$role->givePermissionTo('edit articles');4$user->can('edit articles');
Bouncer is maybe a bit less intuitive but still very good:
1Bouncer::allow($user)->to('create', Post::class);2Bouncer::allow('admin')->to('ban-users');3Bouncer::assign('admin')->to($user);
You can read more about how to use those packages in the links to their Github, or my article above.
So, these packages are the final "layer" of authentication/authorization that we cover here in this article, I hope now you get the full picture and will be able to pick what strategy to use.
P.S. Wait, What About Guards?
Oh, those. They cause so much confusion over the years. Many developers thought that Guards are Roles, and started creating separate DB tables like "administrators", and then assigning those as Guards. Partly, because in the documentation you may find code snippets like
I even submitted a Pull Request to the docs with a warning to avoid this misunderstanding.
In the official documentation, you may find this paragraph:
At its core, Laravel's authentication facilities are made up of "guards" and "providers". Guards define how users are authenticated for each request. For example, Laravel ships with a session guard which maintains state using session storage and cookies.
So, guards are a more global concept than roles. One example of a guard is "session", later in the documentation, you may see a JWT guard example. In other words, a guard is a full authentication mechanism, and for the majority of Laravel projects, you won't ever need to change the guard or even know how they work. Guards are outside of this roles/permissions topic.
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Seven British companies – BP, BT, Direct Line Group, Royal Mail, Scottishpower, Severn Trent and Tesco – have joined the Electric Vehicle Fleet Accelerator (EVFA) and commit themselves in this to their fleets by 2030 on E vehicles convert. That reports "Electrive.net "citing the project partner BP.
However, the septet formulates as a central prerequisite that the government contributes a number of measures to help switch. This is especially important for charging infrastructure and investment in the power grid. If the government complies with this agenda, the participating companies, "we undertake for the procurement of a total of 70.000 Delivered in the United Kingdom, no later than 2030, "Evfa is quoted.
With this clear explanation, one hopes to serve as an incentive and to stimulate investment decisions required for the development of the production of electric vehicles in the UK, it says in a message from BP. And: Since 60 percent of the new registrations of vehicles on fleets and companies accounted for, their electrification will also build an active used car market.
The seven initiators indicate that among them the operators of some of the largest commercial vehicle fleets of the country are – also experts for infrastructure, the loading of electric vehicles, the retail trade, the insurance and repair industry. The "Accelerator" originated from the so-called "Build Back Better Business Council" by Prime Minister Boris Johnson. The Septet is convinced that government supportive policies could help to mobilize private sector investment in the range of 50 billion pounds in the infrastructure and electroflets in the United Kingdom in the coming five years in the coming five years.
"Cooperation between government and business can act as a catalyst to accelerate the introduction of electric vehicles in the UK," says BP Chief Board Bernard Looney. The EVFA report emphasizes the points in which government policy can release investment in the private sector to provide the necessary charging infrastructure, overcome obstacles in fleet demand and to create vehicle manufacturing capacities.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson welcomes the obligation of leading employers to completely electrify their vehicle fleets by 2030 from "full heart". The announcement will give the British vehicle production a big boost. "The government has committed to provide the electric charging stations and other infrastructures that the United Kingdom needs when we want to become more environmentally friendly."
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Oh Lord, I pray that people will begin to set their sights on heaven. That they will stop worrying about everything the world has to offer them, but what you can do for us. This change in mindset will help people lay up their treasures in heaven and no longer be focused on treasures on earth. Surely, what You offer us is the real deal, where what the world can give us doesn't matter in the real scheme of things. What matters is what You can do for our lives spiritually and not what the world can do for us in the flesh. Lord, we need Your light to penetrate our souls, so that we may lift our hearts up to You in praise and not other things. Too many other things in life have people's attention, which leads them to not find time for You in their day, which is very sad. So come Lord. Even more so in my life and every believer's life also. I want more of You and less of me. If there is anything that is taking me away from following You completely, take it away now. These things don't matter if they are a substitute for my devotion to you in prayer, in Your word, and in Your kingdom. Nothing should separate me from what I can do for You, and this should be the same for every true believer also. So God, prick our hearts to become devoted to what is important in life, and that is Your kingdom and not the world. Lead us on the path of righteousness and set our hearts on things that are pure and holy. Your ways are what brings me great joy and happiness in this life. Nothing else can fulfill my joy like You can. Lord, I love You so much. I can't wait for the day that I can be with You in heaven forever. I pray that my place is being prepared in heaven right now. My desire is to live this life for You, then die honorably in Your presence. This I pray, in Your mighty Name, Jesus. Amen.
Today's Prayer (04/20/2020)
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The New Cider Maker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for Craft Producers
Chelsea Green Publishing, 2013 M09 11 - 352 páginas
"I've caught the cider bug, and I've caught it bad. You too? Then seek out this book without delay. The New Cider Maker's Handbook is like having all your birthdays come at once for hard cider geeks like us. From the choosing the right apples and building your own cider press to measuring cider's alcohol content and adjusting the final sweetness, it's all right here."—The Kitchn
All around the world, the public's taste for fermented cider has been growing more rapidly than at any time in the past 150 years. And with the growing interest in locally grown and artisanal foods, many new cideries are springing up all over North America, often started up by passionate amateurs who want to take their cider to the next level as small-scale craft producers.
To make the very best cider—whether for yourself, your family, and friends or for market—you first need a deep understanding of the processes involved, and the art and science behind them. Fortunately, The New Cider Maker's Handbook is here to help. Author Claude Jolicoeur is an internationally known, award-winning cider maker with an inquiring, scientific mind. His book combines the best of traditional knowledge and techniques with up-to-date, scientifically based practices to provide today's cider makers with all the tools they need to produce high-quality ciders.
The New Cider Maker's Handbook is divided into five parts containing:
This book will appeal to both serious amateurs and professional cider makers who want to increase their knowledge, as well as to orchardists who want to grow cider apples for local or regional producers. Novices will appreciate the overview of the cider-making process, and, as they develop skills and confidence, the more in-depth technical information will serve as an invaluable reference that will be consulted again and again. This book is sure to become the definitive modern work on cider making.
A mechanical engineer by profession, Claude Jolicoeur first developed his passion for apples and cider after acquiring a piece of land on which there were four rows of old abandoned apple trees. He started making cider in 1988 using a "no-compromise" approach, stubbornly searching for the highest possible quality. Since then, his ciders have earned many awards and medals at competitions, including a Best of Show at the prestigious Great Lakes International Cider and Perry Competition (GLINTCAP).
Claude actively participates in discussions on forums like the Cider Digest, and is regularly invited as a guest speaker to events such as the annual Cider Days festival in western Massachusetts. He lives in Quebec City.
Comentarios de la gente - Escribir un comentario
Juice Extraction
aPPle PreSSeS
The Apple Juice or Must
the acidS
PArtV Fermentation and Beyond
blending 14 the ferMentation ProceSS 201
cider diVerSity
cider troubleS and how to aVoid theM
Appendix1 unitS and MeaSureS
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
The New Cider Maker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for Craft Producers
Claude Jolicoeur
Vista previa limitada - 2013


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Hi guys,
I posted this article on reddit so I could reach more people but this is dedicated to those who are going through the process.
The article is about my long and painful 8 months of job searching and how I was on the brink of giving up. You could also see on my activity that my last 2 topics were from me being frustrated with the whole process.
I do hope that it helps you in some way.


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The American Frozen Food Institute (AFFI) and FMI—the Food Industry Association released the second Power of Frozen report, which finds frozen foods among the fastest growing categories in the grocery store.
This time last year, findings from another AFFI report hinted at the resiliency of frozen foods during a global pandemic such as the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
"The frozen food aisle has been a growth driver for retailers since 2016 with acceleration ahead of most other departments," says AFFI president and CEO Alison Bodor. "Frozen foods are a pandemic powerhouse ringing in $65.1 billion in retail sales in 2020, a 21% increase compared to a year ago."
From GlobeNewswire
- As consumers turned to online shopping at a record rate, the vast majority were also adding frozen to their digital cart.
- Amid the pandemic, the share of core frozen food consumers, defined as those who consume frozen food daily or every few days, rose from 35% in 2018 to 39% in 2020.


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Whether you are a newbie expat or a local, most likely you spend a few hours at least shopping for goods and necessities at a local Jeddah grocery store. From toiletries to food items, you can buy them all at a small sidewalk store or at the spacious and modern supermarkets. Here are some tips for your weekly shopping trip to the Jeddah marketplace and malls.
There are Western-style grocery stores in Jeddah where you can find a wide variety of staples and imported products. They can be good one-stop shops for your weekly shopping. They are certainly popular choices for shoppers in a hurry to find everything they need under one roof and parking space is always convenient at these places. However, if you are one who values freshness and familiarity, you may still want to venture at the local stores and even at the fish market occasionally.
Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are always available in Jeddah all year round as imported goods from all over the world are here so you can always find your favorite produce at any time you want. You can find your fruits and vegetables from three (3) sources: the supermarket, the fruit and vegetable market and your local corner fruit and vegetable store. The supermarket is considered to be the most convenient where goods are clean and almost every variety is available. The fruit and vegetable market also known as Halaga is located at the eastern side of the city. It is an array of open-air stalls and a good choice for buying the freshest produce there is in Jeddah. Prices at these stalls are also generally cheaper than those in the supermarket. Local corner fruit and vegetable stores are found in every neighbourhood. They also offer fruits of good quality (usually better than in supermarkets), although their selection may be limited.
Buying at local grocers can be convenient especially when you are in the middle of preparing a meal and you run out of an essential ingredient. Develop a friendly relationship with your local vendor and you will benefit from choice fruits and vegetables at a lower price.
Meat and Poultry
The supermarket can be a reliable source of good meat. Meat from various countries are available so you can shop around depending on your preference. Butcher shops around town provide good and fresh meat and poultry daily. Tony G in Albadriah Center and le boucherat in Abdulmagsood Khoja Street are famous for their high-quality imported meat such as steaks, ribs and hot dogs.
Get to know the butcher as the meat that you will have solely depends on him. Exchange pleasantries with him, tip him and later get his phone number to order goods in advance.
Fish and Seafood
Visiting Jeddah Fish Market (Bangala) is a must for fish lovers. It is located in Al-Bagdadiyah, Al-Gharbiyah. Be early for the best catch fish, shrimp, crab, and lobster. Cleaning and filet services of your selection are provided by the vendors especially for their frequent costumers. Most supermarkets in Jeddah have fresh fish section. Although the proce of fish in the supermarket is higher compared to the fish market, it is a convenient place to shop. The Saudi Fish Company is good source of fresh fish from the fish market. They also have stalls in most supermarkets.
Bread and Bakeries
There are many gourmet bakeries all over Jeddah. Large grocery stores also have bakeries. Manuel is famous its very good bread. Refaat at Quraysh Street is considered to be among the best Middle Eastern Bakeries in Jeddah. Danube allows you to choose from its wide variety of breads. For fancy breads, Paul, Voila, Delifrance and the French Corner are recommended as they have some of the best baguettes, brioche, sourdough, and ciabatta around.
Organic Food
Most of the large grocery stores around Jeddah have dedicated sections for organic fruits and vegetables. You may also visit Abazeer for a wider selection of organic meat and produce. Organic packaged food such as rice, sauce, canned vegetables and grains are also available at Manuel and Danube.
Abazeer has opened an outlet at Sultan Street, next to Marble Slab.
Prepared and Frozen Food
Jeddah grocery stores also sell prepared meals on the go. Try from these preparations to find your favourite. Recommended freshly baked goods are manageesh, sandwiches, and a variety of baked sambosa. Also try their quiches and baked treats for high-quality quick meals. If you prefer to keep frozen meals in case of emergency, you can choose from a variety of trusted brands. Larger supermarkets also have salad bars for quick and healthy meal.
Diet Food
For the health and weight conscious, diet foods are available in most large supermarkets. Danube offers the biggest selection of diet food.


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This article will give you detailed information on where you can get a THC detox kit. A lot of people are unhappy with their health due to drinking, smoking, and other similar habits. For these people seeking getting a Detox Kit is the perfect way to kick start a new way of life so that they can feel healthy and fit. There are many different products on the market which claim to be the best detoxification method available. Like all things there are pros and cons associated with each kind of product.
The first way to detox is in the form of prescription medications like Tylenol, Advil and Motrin. These systems can be used in a variety of ways. In vivo adulteration occurs when a toxin enters your body. This triggers an alteration in the body's chemistry. This can also be utilized as a treatment for acid reflux and stomach ulcers. This kit should be utilized in combination with an in-house doctor or nurse.
Other medical detox kits involve taking a medication that is taken whilst at home. It is a good idea to consult with a medical professional prior to attempting any detox kit since some contain ingredients that are prohibited in nature, for instance, those linked to depressants. A lot of people experience adverse effects of the treatment that include reduced appetite nausea and cold hands, blurred vision headaches, anxiety, and sleep problems. This kind of treatment could take up to one week to fully recover and can sometimes lead to the relapse of symptoms within a few weeks. Most medical detox kits are designed to be used for a short period of time, such as two or three days.
Homeopathic detox kits are the third and the final primary type of detox kit. These should not be confused with the medicinal detoxification systems mentioned above. A homeopathic detox kit contains natural ingredients such as peppermint honeysop, hyssop and nutmeg along with aloes or vitamin C. They are usually prepared by a licensed homeopath. Homeopathic practitioners often employ flower essences that are mixed with honey to assist the process of attaining sobriety. While they're not as effective as other types of medication, they are an effective and safe way to achieve the best possible result.
Each of these kits have been proven to be more efficient in providing a permanent and lasting solution to an addict's addiction. There are a few points to consider when looking at each of these options. To fully recover addicts who have a medical detox kit is likely to be experiencing withdrawal symptoms. Based on how long someone has been addicted to drugs, the process of recovery can be very long. It is crucial to speak with your physician to determine the best treatment option for you.
Homeopathic detox kits provide an alternative to traditional methods. They are made of a mixture of natural ingredients like peppermint, nutmeg, and hyssop and are intended to help the body of the patient to overcome the physical and psychological cravings which often lead to addiction. You can purchase these kinds of drug detox kits online and in a variety of health food stores. Homeopathic doctors who specialize in this area are well-trained in identifying the different kinds of substances that may encourage drug abuse. You can talk with them about the ingredients used in each detox kit and other essential details. It is important to take everything into consideration before selecting a product.
You may want to try an exercise program if you are looking to cut down on your drug use during detox. A good detox program will show you how to manage withdrawal symptoms and minimize cravings. Many detoxification programs offer meditation and yoga as part of their treatment. These are excellent methods for those who want to combat withdrawal symptoms.
You can buy one of these kits and take it along during your time at the clinic. You can also bring your cleanse products with you to the clinic if know where to buy them. There are numerous advantages to using home testing kits. They work, they're easy to use, and they don't require the ingestion of any harmful substances.


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Karen Zale
I have posted a monument of Morris and Sarah Copeland. I would appreciate a translation of the Hebrew..
It is on ViewMate at the following address ...
Please respond via the form provided on the ViewMate image page.
Thank you very much for your help.
Karen Zale
Plano, TX


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