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Recommendation points
- The history of baseboard heating
- How the baseboard heating system works
- The principle of operation of baseboard heating
- Baseboard heating characteristics – pros and cons
In this article: the origins of baseboard heating; installation of a baseboard heating system; water and electric baseboard radiators; the principle of operation of plinth heating; why only copper and aluminum are used in the construction of baseboard radiators; plinth heating pros and cons.
With the onset of cold weather and until mid-spring, we are forced to additionally heat our bodies, despite the regularly working heating devices. How is it, after all, the radiators of the heating system and electric heaters warm up to the full, but the feet are still cold? It's all about air convection – the warmest air, which receives heat from radiators and heaters, rises to the ceiling, and the cold one is always near the floor. To solve the problem of heating and freezing feet by the forces of the "warm plinth" system, and in fact, the rooms are heated not by its radiators, but by the radiation heat emanating from the walls heated by them.
The history of baseboard heating
Without any doubt, the founder of this method of heating can be considered a Russian heating engineer, professor Vyacheslav Avgustovich Yakhimovich. At the beginning of the last century, he developed and patented a steam-concrete heating system – pipes through which hot steam circulated and, in some cases, water was conducted through the walls and along them, covered with gypsum, concrete or wood panels on top. Steam-concrete heating of Yakhimovich had a number of advantages over the water heating of natural circulation that was gaining popularity at that time – heat was transferred from the coolant to the gypsum or concrete finishing layer, and these materials held it well and gave it to the premises in the form of radiation heat for a long time, which made it possible to cope with frequent malfunctions of heating systems. The disadvantages of steam-concrete heating, namely the need for overhaul of the walls in case of any leakage of heating pipes, the complex installation of the pipe system, requiring many days of work with stucco moldings and the high heat loss of the buildings themselves, prevented its spread in Russia. Meanwhile, in Europe, panel or radiant heating, based on the developments of Jachymovich, enjoyed high popularity in the 20th century..
However, in the USSR, there were still similar heating systems – heating steel or cast-iron pipes were laid along the walls along the line of the baseboard, the top was covered with concrete, from which the baseboard was formed. Such baseboard heating was used in the middle of the last century in children's and medical institutions of the Soviet Union..
In Europe, skirting heating systems have developed more – hollow panels in the form of a classic skirting board have been developed, covering heating pipes equipped with vertical ribbing along the entire length. The ribs made it possible to increase the heat transfer of baseboard radiators by more than 60% compared to flat and round heating panels without ribs.
How the baseboard heating system works
Skirting heating is subdivided into hot water and electric heating. The main components of a water-cooled system are a radiator block for a warm plinth, a distribution manifold and oxygen-tight plastic pipes, placed inside a corrugated tube made of XLPE.
The radiator block consists of a heat exchanger and an aluminum box. The heat exchanger is made of two copper tubes, the outer diameter of which is 13 mm, the wall thickness is 2 mm, with vertical aluminum or brass lamellas fixed to them. The aluminum box consists of three strips, profiled by hot extrusion – the bottom bracket, the top and the front cover. Box width – 28 mm, height – 140 mm. Installation of the heat exchanger inside the box is carried out using holders of a special design.
The distribution manifold consists of two steel pipes parallel to each other, equipped with outlets, inlets, air vents, shut-off and drain thermo valves – the upper pipe is designed to be connected to the heat carrier supply source and its further wiring through plastic pipes to the heating radiators, through the lower one, the cooled heat carrier is returned to the heating boiler or, in the case of central heating, to the return pipe.
When building a baseboard heating, a plastic tube, with the help of which the coolant is delivered to and removed from heating radiators, is placed in a corrugated pipe. Since part of the heating circuit will have to be laid in the floor and passed through the walls, the outer corrugated tube will allow replacing the inner one without opening the floor – by simply removing the latter from the corrugated channel and inserting a new PEX tube into it. However, the complete absence of air inside the baseboard heating system and the immunity of plastic pipes to salts contained in the water will allow it to function trouble-free for a long time.
The highest temperature of water or antifreeze used in the baseboard heating system as a heat carrier should not exceed 85 ° C, the operating pressure should not exceed 3 atmospheres, otherwise the tubes made of cross-linked plastic will lose strength. Since the water temperature in the central heating system can be more than 85 ° C, and the operating pressure can exceed 9 atmospheres (when testing the heating system with a water hammer), additional measures are required. Instead of plastic pipes, you can use metal-plastic or copper pipes, connected to each other by soldering, as an option, use a heat exchanger, built in as a receiver of thermal energy from the central heating network, transferring it to the coolant to the baseboard heating system through copper plates. The last measure is especially effective, since it allows you to maintain high performance characteristics of baseboard heating and completely protect it from the temperature and hydraulic effects of central heating.
When installing a baseboard heating system, it may be necessary to equip it with additional equipment, such as: thermomechanical or thermoelectric thermostats for each group of heating radiators, a servo drive on the distribution manifold, a circulation pump, a pressure gauge and a thermometer at the coolant inlet to the manifold.
Electric baseboard heating is based on radiator blocks with built-in air heating elements, that is, its installation is much easier than systems with a liquid heat carrier. The appearance of electric baseboard radiators is completely identical to liquid ones, the difference is in the absence of pipes supplying the coolant, the heating element is built into the lower copper tube of the radiator, and the power cable is laid in the upper one in heat-resistant silicone insulation. The power of the heating elements is 200 W for each running meter, the power source for them is an ordinary household electrical network. Despite the high level of moisture protection, electric baseboard radiators are not intended for installation in rooms with high air humidity.
The principle of operation of baseboard heating
Plinth heating radiators are not able to warm the atmosphere of the room by convection of air, since they are located close to the planes of the walls and the air convective flow emanating from them is influenced by the Coanda effect.
The strange behavior of a jet of hot air from a lighted candle – its aspiration to any nearby surface – was noticed by the English physicist Thomas Jung, who mentioned this in a report he gave at the Royal Society of London in 1800.
A detailed study of the effect of "sticking" of an air stream to nearby surfaces was carried out by the Romanian scientist Henry Coanda, who accidentally discovered it at the beginning of the 20th century, one of the first researchers of aerodynamics. During experiments with a jet turbine, created according to his project, Coanda discovered the same physical effect as Jung 100 years ago – the flow of fluid from a working turbine rushed to the wall located on the side of it, and seemed to stick to its surface. After conducting additional experiments, the scientist found out that the air flow behaves in the same way. In 1934, Henry Coanda named the effect he discovered in his honor, explaining it as follows – a zone of reduced pressure forms near surfaces, caused by their impermeability and free access of air from only one side. At the same time, the covering air flow spreads over a large area, developing only along the enclosing surface.
Radiators of the warm plinth system are installed along the external (one side facing the outside of the building) walls. The box formed by aluminum strips has two horizontal slots along its entire length – one is located at the floor, in the front panel, the second is in the upper part, closer to the wall. Cold air enters the inside of the box, heats up and rises, as with any heating equipment, the heating principle of which is based on air convection, but in this case the air flow obeys the Coanda effect and spreads only along the wall surface. As a result, the heat from the air is not transferred to the air atmosphere of the room, but to the structural material of the wall, which, like IR heaters, emits uniform heat in the form of infrared rays as it heats up.
Since the room is heated not due to convection, there is no need for high heating of the coolant – in the design of radiators, it is only required to use materials with a high coefficient of thermal conductivity. This explains the use of copper and aluminum, the thermal conductivity of which is 390 and 236 W / mK, respectively. For example, for iron, this coefficient is only 92 W / m K, and for metal-reinforced plastic, it is 0.43 W / m K, that is, copper and aluminum are the most suitable materials for baseboard radiators..
The maximum temperature of the aluminum box of the warm plinth during the operation of this heating system will be no more than 40 ° C, and the surface of the wall, next to which the radiator is installed, will not be warmed up above 37 ° C – it will not be possible to burn yourself on them with all the desire.
Baseboard heating characteristics – pros and cons
Positive properties of a heating system based on baseboard radiators:
- lack of convection air movement, accompanied by dust weighing;
- infrared heat positively perceived by the human body;
- even distribution of heat throughout the room, only opaque objects in the room are exposed to infrared heating;
- Warm air does not accumulate near the ceiling, which is usually the case with convection heating. The same temperature is established throughout the air volume of the room;
- the surfaces enclosing the room have a temperature acceptable for a person, that is, they do not steal heat from human bodies;
- the problem of moisture deposition on the surfaces of walls and ceiling is completely solved – they will always be dry, which means that neither mold nor lagging of finishing materials threatens them anymore;
- the installation of the baseboard heating system is carried out quickly, regardless of the age of the building. Skirting radiators, although they are somewhat larger than a wooden skirting board, are not striking as clearly as cast-iron or bimetallic radiators, usually installed under a window opening;
- the absence of the need for a high temperature of the coolant can significantly reduce the consumption of fuel spent on heating it – the savings will be about 30–40% compared to the needs of classic heating systems. In addition, fuel savings are achieved by reducing the air temperature in the premises – if the walls are heated to +22 ° C, then the comfortable air temperature will be +16 ° C, compared to +20 ° C of air and walls with a temperature of +18 ° C that draw heat from household members;
- high maintainability of system elements, which makes it possible to do without dismantling the finishing coatings in case of need for repair;
- equipping with thermostats allows you to set the optimal temperature in each room equipped with baseboard radiators, separately.
It should be noted that the baseboard heating system can also be used to cool the premises, if it is filled with a cold liquid carrier – the Coanda effect will work in this case, only with less efficiency. When using a system for cooling, it is important to maintain the temperature of the liquid in the system at a level higher than the dew point in these conditions (depending on the humidity of the air and its temperature), otherwise condensation will form on the surfaces of the circuit, which must be removed somewhere.
The disadvantages of the system include:
- high cost – about 3000 rubles. per meter of the heating system with its installation. However, this price is due to expensive materials that are extremely necessary in baseboard heating;
- the installation of the system is carried out only by professionals who have the appropriate certificates from manufacturers of baseboard heating systems. An amateur approach to installation will not allow achieving the required thermophysical characteristics, will significantly reduce the service life;
- the maximum length of one heating circuit should not exceed 15 running meters – one of the reasons why the system must be equipped with a distribution manifold. With a greater length of the circuit, the heating efficiency decreases markedly;
- installation of various decorative overlays on the radiator box is not allowed, since they reduce heat transfer;
- tighter fit of baseboard radiators to the wall surface, which allows full use of the Coanda effect, eventually leads to warping of the film wall decoration;
- it is required to keep the room heated by baseboard radiators as free as possible, without blocking the surfaces of the baseboards and walls with cabinet furniture, since this prevents convection and infrared radiation, distorting the air flow and absorbing IR heat emitted by the walls.
In the last century, baseboard heating, like radiant heating in general, was not very popular due to the high heat loss of building materials – it was easier to heat the air by convection, which made it possible to quickly compensate for heat loss, despite the obvious disadvantages of such heating. By the way, it is for this reason that heating radiators were installed under the window openings – through the cracks in the frames and the glazing area, the cold penetrated especially quickly.
Today, there are building and finishing materials for facades that can significantly reduce heat loss through the enclosing structures, and modern window frames equipped with thermal-retaining glass units do not allow air to pass at all. All this makes it possible to move away from classic convection heating systems to more efficient radiant heating, while significantly improving the quality of living in our houses and apartments. In the coming years, pipes and heating radiators, usual for systems with forced and natural (gravitational) circulation of the coolant, will disappear from our homes – they will be replaced by more advanced heating equipment.


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The Best Sweet and Sour Pork Meatballs Recipe
- 5 pounds bulk Italian sausage
- 2 (8 ounce) cans water chestnuts, drained and chopped
- 2 bunches green onion, chopped
- 1/2 cup soy sauce
- 3 eggs, beaten
- 2 teaspoons garlic powder
- 2 1/2 cups fine dry bread crumbs
- Sweet and Sour Sauce
- 1 1/4 cups white sugar
- 6 tablespoons cornstarch
- 2 cups white vinegar
- 1 cup pineapple juice
- 1 cup ketchup
- soy sauce to taste
step 1: Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C).
step 2: Place the sausage in a large bowl and mix in the chestnuts, green onion, 1/2 cup of soy sauce, eggs, garlic powder, and breadcrumbs. Roll the mixture into 1 to 1 1/2 inch balls and place on a broiler pan. Bake in the oven for 1 hour. When done, place the meatballs in a slow cooker.
step 3: While meatballs are cooking, prepare the sweet and sour sauce by stirring together the sugar and cornstarch in a large saucepan. Pour in vinegar, pineapple juice, ketchup, and soy sauce to taste. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat, then reduce heat to low, and simmer until thickened. Pour sauce over meatballs, and keep warm in the slow cooker.

subset: commoncrawl


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Networkplot: Visualizing 2D Layouts¶
This example provides how to visualize 2D layouts using networkplot.
import graspologic
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
%matplotlib inline
Visualizing 2D layout using networkplot¶
Simulate an adjacency matrix using a stochastic block model¶
The 2-block model is defined as below:
\begin{align*} P = \begin{bmatrix}0.25 & 0.05 \\ 0.05 & 0.25 \end{bmatrix} \end{align*}
More information on stochastic block models can be found here.
from graspologic.simulations import sbm
n_communities = [50, 50]
p = [[0.25, 0.05], [0.05, 0.25]]
A, node_ids = sbm(n_communities, p, return_labels=True)
(100, 100)
Generate a 2D embedding using ASE¶
Adjacency Spectral Embed (ASE) reduces the dimensionality of the input adjacency matrix and estimates its latent positions, generating an embedding in a lower-dimensional space. In this example, ASE embeds the adjacency matrix generated by SBM to two-dimensional space and calculates its coordinates.
More information on ASE can be found here.
from graspologic.embed import AdjacencySpectralEmbed
ase = AdjacencySpectralEmbed(n_components=2)
X = ase.fit_transform(A)
(100, 2)
Visualize 2D layout¶
Note that node colors were determined by communities that were randomly assigned and the node sizes are determined by the number of edges connected to each node. The edge colors for the plot below are based on their source nodes.
from graspologic.plot.plot import networkplot
x_pos = X[:,0]
y_pos = X[:,1]
degrees = np.sum(A, axis=0)
plot = networkplot(adjacency=A, x=x_pos, y=y_pos, node_hue=node_ids, palette='deep', node_size=degrees,
node_sizes=(20, 200), edge_hue='source', edge_alpha=0.5, edge_linewidth=0.5)
Alternatively, we can also use a pandas dataframe and use x, y, node_hue, and node_size as keys. Note that for the plot below, the edge colors are determined by their target nodes by assigning edge_hue as 'target'.
index = range(X.shape[0])
node_df = pd.DataFrame(index=index)
node_df.loc[:, 'x'] = X[:,0]
node_df.loc[:, 'y'] = X[:,1]
node_df.loc[:, 'id'] = node_ids
node_df.loc[:, 'degree'] = np.sum(A, axis=0)
plot = networkplot(adjacency=A, node_data=node_df, x='x', y='y', node_hue='id', palette='deep',
node_size='degree', node_sizes=(20, 200), edge_hue='target', edge_alpha=0.5, edge_linewidth=0.5)
[ ]:


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I do get tired of picking on Sony. It's very similar to messing with a not-so-bright bully in elementary school; easy to do, hard to resist, ultimately, not very satisfying. On the other hand, if not for Sony's almost-weekly missteps, I wouldn't have much material right now … since the new MMOGs are taking 4fe.
Sony is just so damn fucking EVIL, someone has to joust their windmill. Fortunately, I have better eyesight than Don Quixote.
Today, Sony patched Publish 10 – The Path of the Jedi in Star Wars Galaxies, the long awaited revamp of the Jedi unlock system. After reading through the corporate PR post of why this is good for all of us!, I've decided a more accurate title would have been "The Path of the Skullfuck", subtitle: We've Been Skullfucking You for Months, What's One More?
(Disclaimer: I have no desire or intent – and never have – to grind through professions, levels or quests to obtain a jedi character. If one was handed to me or if I could pay a few REAL LIFE bucks to get one, then wtf, give me a jedi. Otherwise, shove it up your ass sideways.)
Many players don't feel this way and rabidly want a jedi character. That shouldn't surprise anyone … apparently that was news to the original SWG dev team, however.
History lesson for SWG noobs … the original system to obtain a jedi character was completely unknown — no clues, no official word, nothing. SOE tells the playerbase to just enjoy the game, jedi will come to you during ordinary play, even for the casual player.
Later, we all learned this wasn't quite true. Jedi was coded to trigger after mastering five professions (out of a total 32 possible professions). Months pass, and still no jedi. What … a … shock, no player happened to randomly hit on the required five, and honestly, why in the world would anyone? Did they think the attention-deficit crowd would make a good showing in opening up the jedi characters?
The player grumbling gets louder, so Sony introduces "holocrons", these little glowing cubes that tell the player what profession he/she/it needs to master. Besides the problem that these holocrons only drop off of high-level mobs so non-combat players have no chance in fucking hell of ever seeing one, the holocrons will only tell the player four of the five needed professions; you have to guess the last one. (Sheer evil genius)
Jedi start popping out of the proverbial woodwork. Sony then (as we found out today although had long suspected) secretly recodes the system so that eight professions are required, four of which are not foretold by the holocrons. The odds are freaking astronomically against you that you could accurately guess the eight professions without error. I doubt there was even one person that did; I never heard of anyone that ever did — not even a rumor of a rumor of a someone.
No matter, the catass crowd reacted as they usually do … by grinding out all 32 professions. Problem solved.
Fast forward to today. SOE explains that they had indeed changed the system long ago to require eight professions instead of five (thank you sir, may I have another?), and the new jedi system is now quest-based (no surprise) and, ahem, gated. (SURPRISE!!!) In other words, you can't begin the path to jedi until enough of the players ahead of you on the path have passed through the quest system.
(Or something like that. Who the fuck knows since the usual SOE bullshit is to not explain anything fully … or else we'd really get pissed.)
I managed to dodge this skullfuck, mostly by remaining disinterested and avoiding content. Come to think of it, that's the only tried and true method I've found to keep SOE's dick at bay … content avoidance.
I highly recommend it.


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Check out this new review from one of our customers on HomeAdvisor.com! Review by Trista M. in Albuquerque, NM James was on time to provide a quote, was on time to start the project, completed the project on time and within budget. He painted our sitting room which is tricky because of the staircase and high ceilings. To… Read more »
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A Collection of Our Before and After Photos…
Have a look at some of our best before and after photos from some jobs we've done within the past year! These photos are just scratching the surface of all the high quality painting and faux finishing jobs PPandFF has done in Albuquerque New Mexico. To see more photos start… Read more »
New Photos of Interior Residential Painting
Here are some new photos of interior residential painting work done by Precision Painting and Faux Finishing in Albuquerque New Mexico. The work done in this house includes both interior painting as well as staining of wood and cabinets. Want to freshen up your home's look? Call Precision Painting and Faux Finishing for a quote… Read more »
Is the Exterior of Your Home Looking a Little Rough?
Have a look at these before and after photos of another exterior residential painting job well done in Albuquerque New Mexico by your favorite local painters! Look how beautifully PPandFF was able to clean up the look of this local Albuquerque residence! Does your home need a little exterior care? Call PPandFF now… Read more »
Watch an Interior Transform with Paint and Glazes
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Standard Interior Painting – Eggshell Walls with White Satin Trim
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What is Collagen?
Collagen is the most abundant protein in your body, as well as it's a huge part of your tendons, skin, bones, teeth, muscular tissues and tendons. Collagen gives your skin toughness and durability. It assists the cartilage in your joints continue to be supple. It gives framework to your arteries, maintaining them solid and also versatile. It gives your bones structure, too, by acting as 'strengthening poles'. Collagen is an impressive building and construction material.
Collagen comes in several types, yet the vast majority in your body includes types I, II and also III. These types all create reasonably lengthy fibers (contrasted to body cells). Kind I collagen is – ounce for ounce – more powerful than steel. Type II collagen is thinner than kind I, and also is used in cartilage all bunched up like springs for shock absorption. Kind III is necessary for the hollow points in your body– like huge blood vessels, the digestive tract and bladder.
It's important to understand that the 'type' of collagen is only pertinent when it's currently a part of your body. When you consume it, your body just re-makes it right into brand-new types.
Collagen is so large and also challenging that we can not absorb it 'as is' when we eat it. What we can do however, is 'hydrolyze' the collagen, which means it's broken down into much smaller sized items (' peptides') by water, making it functional by your body. Collagen Complex provides easy-to-digest hydrolyzed collagen peptides.
What are the Advantages of Collagen Supplements?
Each offering of VitaPost Collagen Facility provides restoring hydrolyzed collagen. Collagen supplements are not just great for your skin however likewise for your hair, nails, and joints. It can help with joint pain and also joint inflammation along with making you feel more vibrant.
Skin Assistance
VitaPost Collagen Complex offers natural hydrolyzed collagen that supports your body in the regular repair work of harmed skin; sustains the skin's natural suppleness and also structure; sustains complexion and can improve the visible look of great lines and wrinkles. Research studies have actually concluded that supplementing with collagen can likewise enhance skin hydration.
Bone Support
VitaPost Collagen Complex could have excellent advantages sustaining the body's maintenance of the skeletal system, particularly in females who are undertaking natural hormone modifications. Research studies suggest a diet supplemented with hydrolyzed collagen can support the maintenance of the bone collagen currently present – indicating much less all-natural degradation of the bones with age.
Joint Assistance
Collagen in your cartilage material is the mechanical reason why joints do not simply crack and also break whenever you jump or run. Supplementing the diet plan with hydrolyzed collagen has been associated with joint advantages for a whole variety of people, from age-related joint deterioration, to highly-active athletes that push their joints to the limit.
How to Choose a High Quality Collagen Supplement
This write-up will assist you make a decision which collagen supplement is best for you.
There are many different sorts of collagen supplements on the marketplace today. With numerous choices, it can be tough to recognize which one is the best quality. Below are some steps to follow when looking for a good quality collagen supplement.
1) Examine how much time the business has been in business as well as what their credibility is like.
2) Look at the ingredients and also see to it they have something that will certainly help your requirements (i.e., type 1, kind 2, kind 3).
3) Inspect if there are any kind of fillers or various other components that could not be as healthy and balanced as what you wish to take into your body and if so, discover one without any fillers or additives.
4) Review client evaluations concerning the product.
What is the distinction in between hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptides?
There is no distinction. Collagen proteins are long chains of amino acids. The process of hydrolysis breaks them down right into peptides, which are simply much shorter chains of amino acids. Collagen supplements are otherwise classified as "hydrolyzed collagen" or "collagen peptides," but they coincide.
Who requires collagen supplements?
In my viewpoint, virtually everyone might benefit. Most individuals don't eat bones, skin, and connective cells– the parts of animals that contain collagen. That means they don't obtain the amino acids (particularly hydroxyproline, glycine, and also proline) that are located in collagen but not much in muscle meat.
Just how much collagen should I take daily?
There is no RDA for collagen, and also to my knowledge, no research studies have actually established ideal application standards. You might require more or less depending upon your nutritional consumption. To be secure, it's always a great idea to adhere to the dosage guidelines on your collagen supplement of selection.
Can you take too much collagen peptides?
Many things in nature follow a J-shaped contour– excessive or inadequate are both poor. The same may be real for collagen supplements, but sadly, there's no sign of what would constitute "excessive." There's likewise no evidence that collagen poisoning is a worry if you following dosing standards.
It depends what you're taking collagen to sustain. If you're taking collagen for muscular tissue growth, favorable modifications will certainly start to occur nearly promptly with your workouts– although you may not discover the progress right now.
In research studies checking out collagen supplements for joint pain and also skin flexibility, participants experienced noticeable enhancements in concerning 4 to 8 weeks of daily supplementation.
Like any supplement, collagen isn't an overnight wonder treatment but sticking to a daily supplement routine will certainly generate the most effective outcomes.
What Is Bovine Collagen?
Bovine collagen comes from cows– ideally grass-fed cows.
There are 3 various kinds of collagen: collagen I, II, and III. Each type of collagen supports various parts of the body. In bovine collagen made from hide, you'll usually discover kinds I and also III which work in similar ways to sustain skin, bones, muscles, ligaments, as well as gut health and wellness.
If you acquire a bovine collagen supplement made from cartilage, connective cells, or bones, this supplement needs to additionally contain collagen kind II which assists assistance joint wellness particularly.
What Is Marine Collagen?
Marine collagen includes kind I collagen as well as is generally sourced from wild caught fish. This type of collagen is superb for enhancing sustainability techniques due to the fact that it's made from fish parts that normally wind up in the waste.
The great feature of aquatic collagen is that it's easy for the body to procedure and also soak up.
However, anyone on a vegan or stringent vegetarian diet can not take collagen supplements due to the fact that it's always sourced from some sort of animal item.
Nevertheless, unlike standard jelly, bovine collagen as well as aquatic collagen do not contain any pork-derived products so they are suitable for anyone on a kosher or halal diet plan.
Does Collagen Break a Fast?
Yes. Considering that collagen is a protein, it quits the autophagy procedure generated during fasting.
Throughout intermittent or long-term fasting, autophagy happens to clear the cells of built-up contaminants. Collagen or any other kind of protein is a precise no while fasting.


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Library Director
The Woodward Public Library is looking for community minded persons
to serve on the Library's Building Committee. The Library is in need of more
space. It needs a large meeting room to hold the numerous programs it has for all
ages. Space for an area for young children to come to play, explore, and be read
to. Space for school age children for programs, activities, and to read. Space for
teens to meet for programs, visit with each other, study, and to read. Space for
adult and family programs. The Library has begun using the Woodward Methodist
Church to host programs because of the attendance numbers are too large to hold at
the library. The Library also needs space for its ever expanding collection and
resources. This committee will meet once a month for about an hour. If this
sounds like something you would like to be a part of, to help in the planning and
making decisions for expanding/building the library, please contact the library.
Your Library Director
Introduction to 2021 Library Events
Words from your Library Director
As the world transitions into 2021, the Woodward Public Library will be celebrating all year, its 75th Anniversary. Although a library had been set up in the 30's and located in a clothing store on Main Street, it was officially 'born' in January 1946, and 2021 the library will officially be 75. Even as the country will still be taking precautions, we will celebrate.
In January, I will begin the story of how the library was birth into being and over the years has become the heart of Woodward. Each month, installments of the library's history, will be placed on the library's website and announcements will be placed on Facebooks. On the website, you will find the continuing library biography, interesting facts, occasional contests, pictures, and watch to see when the Open House will be. Check back each month and check often. On Facebook will be trivia questions and contests.
Remember, Woodward, celebrate the library's 75th anniversary, this is your achievement. Celebrate by coming to the library and come in often.
Director: Myrna Griffith
Library E-Mail: email@example.com
World Wide Web URL: http://www.woodward.lib.ia.us
Phone: 515-438-2636 Fax: 515-438-2166
118 S. Main, Box 510
Woodward, IA 50276


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A San Jose, California, spokesman says floodwaters there appeared to be stabilizing Wednesday after the city ordered 14,000 people to evacuate overnight.
David Vossbrink says waters remain very high.
A few hundred people have showed up at shelters after the city ordered the evacuations when floodwaters inundated homes and forced the shutdown of U.S. Highway 101 early Wednesday. Two lanes of the freeway have reopened as of 10:43 a.m.
Sandy Moll tells the Mercury News that she had prepared for about a foot of water, but no more. The force of the water from the creek behind her house broke down her back door.
Moll says she's angry at a lack of information given before evacuations were ordered. She says she is seething at the lack of warning.
At least 14,000 residents have been evacuated.
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Hospital visit reveals muscle damage for Hazelwood
By Tom Howard
Sunday 13th October, 2019 - 10:09pm
Todd Hazelwood has been diagnosed with a torn muscle in his neck after he was swiftly taken to hospital following a heavy crash at the Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000.
The Matt Stone Racing driver understeered into the wall at Metal Grate on Lap 101, bringing out the Safety Car for the second time in the race.
While Hazelwood was seen to exit the car under his own power, subsequent neck pain felt after saw him transferred to Bathurst hospital, where he watched the final laps of the race on television.
After initial fears regarding the health of his spine, medical teams offsite confirmed the 24-year-old had escaped with only a torn muscle.
"I'm okay. There was just a little scare there for a while with my neck, but just did the right thing, went to hospital and got the checks," said Hazelwood.
"So just done a bit of damage to a muscle in the back of my neck there, so (I need to) manage that before Gold Coast obviously and get ready for that.
"(I've) just torn a muscle on the back of my neck. They were worried there was a chip to the top of the spine there so had to go get that checked out.
"The medical team did a great job looking after me and did all the precautionary stuff to make sure there was no further injury if it was the worst case scenario.
"Fortunately for my end it was all good.
"But (it's a) pretty devastating day. (You) never want to put a car in the fence.
"I think it was the second or third lap into my stint and just got it wrong across the top, just pushing too hard and got it wrong.
"(I) just got out, had a bit of a moment, the rear got away from me, then as soon as I got off the throttle I was in trouble. One of those things. Mountain bit us today, just wasn't our weekend."
Hazelwood is confident he will be fit for the Vodafone Gold Coast 600 from October 25-27.
"I'll be fine. (I'll) get some physio work and just treat it gingerly and I'll be fighting fit ready for Gold Coast no worries at all," he said.
Reflecting on the weekend, Hazelwood, who is currently searching for a 2020 drive, was ultimately frustrated.
"We had a pretty good first stint, we were sitting I think 12th there before the first pit stops," Hazelwood added.
"We had a good start, I don't think we had the pace to probably run inside the top five but if we kept our nose clean and had a good run, who knows what could have happened?
"Ultimately just didn't go our way during the day and we lost that lap and then the job was to pedal on to try and fight hard and when you're put in that sort of position it's never ideal.
"Unfortunately (I) just got it wrong and bit us hard."
Hazelwood returned to the circuit this evening following his hospital visit.
Join the discussion below in the Speedcafe.com comments section


text: Zeeq Mobiles is a retailer for all branded mobile phones. The Company's mission is to offer the highest quality of wireless products and services at a fair and competitive price, as well as to provide superior customer service at not only the point of sale, but throughout the customer relationship. Brands: Nokia, Apple, Realme, Samsung, Lg, Micromax, Motorola, Vivo, Oppo, Tecno, Mi, Intex, Xiaomi, Boat, Redmi, Iphone etc


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The advertising budget of a company is the budget to cover the expenses for the planned advertising measures in a period. The planning period is generally one year.
Table of Contents
Definition / explanation
The budgeting of the advertising expenditure can take place simultaneously or successively. With simultaneous budgeting, the volume and the distribution of the budget on advertising objects, advertising media and advertising media are determined at the same time. With successive budgeting, the total amount of advertising expenditure is planned first.
In the second step, the budget is distributed among advertising items, advertising media and advertising media. In practice, successive advertising budgeting is common, as there is currently no practicable model for simultaneous decision-making. The volume of the advertising budget is determined using heuristic methods. These are simple decision-making rules that are shown below:
Orientation towards sales
Alignment with sales is the most common practice in practice. The advertising budget is determined according to a fixed percentage of sales for the past or future period. The average turnover of several periods can also serve as a basis for assessment. The percentage of advertising expenditure can be given by tradition or determined by the customs of the industry. Otherwise the percentage must be determined intuitively.
This planning process is scientifically unsustainable, because sales are not the cause of the advertising, but a possible effect. The alignment with sales results in procyclical advertising. During the boom, a large amount of money is spent on advertising; during the recession, advertising expenditure is reduced. In times of recession, however, anti-cyclical advertising would be appropriate. Companies that keep their advertising expenditure constant or even increase it during this time can achieve above-average sales and / or market shares.
Alignment with profit
The advertising budget is determined according to a fixed percentage of the profit of the previous period, the planned profit of the following period or the average profit of several periods. This method is also problematic because there is no causal relationship between profit and advertising expenditure. The tax base is also ambiguous, as there are different profit terms.
Alignment on the heel
The advertising budget results from this method by multiplying the planned sales quantities of the individual products by a certain advertising cost amount per unit and then adding them up. The per-unit method is very time-consuming for extensive product ranges and, like the percentage methods, is not scientifically tenable.
Alignment with liquidity
The advertising budget is then a residual amount from the freely available means of payment, ie when the other costs are covered and the planned profit is achieved.
This method is also questionable as there is no causal relationship between the available funding and the advertising impact. In addition, there are procyclical tendencies here as well. In a boom there is ample funding for promotional purposes, while in a recession there is little available.
Alignment with market share
Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Werbeetat nach dem bisherigen oder geplanten Marktanteil des Unternehmens bemessen. Wenn eine passive Wettbewerbsstrategie verfolgt wird, ergibt sich das Etatvolumen dadurch, dass die gesamten Advertising expenses der betreffenden Branche mit dem Marktanteil des Unternehmens multipliziert werden. Bei aktiver Strategie wird der Werbeanteil des Unternehmens höher sein als dessen Marktanteil.
The advantage of the so-called advertising share / market share method is that the advertising budget is based on the market. The disadvantage, however, is the relatively high demand for information when a company offers many products in several industries. The entire advertising expenditure of the respective industries and the market shares of the corresponding products must be acquired by market research institutes.
Alignment with the competition
According to the so-called competition parity method, the advertising budget of a company is based on selected key figures of the relevant competitors. The following can serve as a basis for assessment:
- Advertising share of the competition in relation to sales
- Advertising share of competition in relation to profit
- Average advertising expenses of the competition
The advantage of this method is that it takes into account the advertising of the competition. A comparison of your own advertising expenses with those of the competition provides important information about your own situation. However, the advertising figures of the competition are not clear criteria for determining your own advertising budget, as the individual competitors are each in a different situation. Another disadvantage is the relatively high information requirement when using this method.
Alignment with the advertising goals
The starting point for determining the advertising budget are the company's diverse advertising goals. Then it must be planned which advertising measures are necessary to achieve the individual goals and how much costs are incurred. The sum of the planned advertising media and advertising media costs represents the necessary advertising budget.
The so-called goal-task method is a sensible approach to determining the advertising budget. However, there can be certain difficulties in determining the necessary advertising costs because advertising expenditure is an investment. Therefore, due to the use of advertising, advertising effects can still occur in later periods. The planning of the advertising effects and calculation of the corresponding costs should be coordinated by your own advertising department with the advertising agency involved.
Die Bestimmung des Werbebudgets ist ein Teil der Entscheidung, welche Aufgaben die Werbung im Rahmen der gesamten Communication policy zu erfüllen hat, wie viel für die Kommunikationspolitik insgesamt ausgegeben werden soll und welchen Stellenwert die Kommunikationspolitik im gesamten Marketing-Mix haben soll. Das umfassende Entscheidungsproblem ist also die Bestimmung des optimalen Marketingbudgets.


text:
Who am I?
My name is Manuel Stocker. I like tinkering with technology. I studied computer science but also enjoy prototyping PCBs and the soldering that comes with that.
Micro CV
I currently work for Google as a Site Reliability Engineer on a core piece of infrastructure. Prior to that, I worked as a Technical Solutions Engineer for Google Cloud.
Before joining Google, I wrote software in mostly C# and Typescript for younitec AG.
I got a BSc and MSc in Computer Science from ETH Zurich. My master thesis is available in ETH's online catalog.
Contact / Social
- email: mensi@<this domain>
- github: github.com/mensi
- stackoverflow: stackoverflow.com/users/871665/mensi


text:
Birthday Wishes
Short Happy Birthday Wishes [Best & Unique Birthday Wishes]
Wishing happy birthday with wishes is quite easy these days, you can wish your loved ones on social media, WhatsApp, Facebook, or post a birthday caption on Instagram with short happy birthday wishes.
Our short happy birthday wishes are easy and short for every person who wants to wish your loved one in a quick birthday wish. Whether, its a birthday of your father, mother, best friend, sister, brother, wife, or husband then you can use these simple happy birthday wish to wish birthday.
Short Happy Birthday Wishes
Let that special birthday person know that, you love them and thinking of that special person on their special day with short birthday sayings, wishes or messages. You will surely give a cute smile on their face with a short birthday message.
Short Happy Birthday Wishes
I hear today is your birthday. Another year older is another year wiser my friend.
Wishing you a very happy birthday and many more to come. I hope it's a good one.
Happy birthday beautiful! I hope you have a wonderful day filled with joy and happiness.
Birthdays are special days that allow us to celebrate the day you came into our lives.
On this day, your birthday, I hope that each and every one of your wishes come true.
I hope your day is full of fun and celebration. Happy birthday to you my dear!
It's your birthday! Let us celebrate joyfully another wonderful year of your life.
Sending you warm birthday wishes and a big warm hug on this very special day.
Birthdays are a time to celebrate so kick back and enjoy your wonderful day.
Although I am not there to celebrate your birthday, you are in my thoughts.
It's a celebration time! I hope you are having the time of your life as you celebrate your birthday.
Happy birthday to you! Let's break out the cake, candles…and don't forget the fire extinguisher!
Another year older is a reason to celebrate. You are that much closer to retirement dear friend.
When I heard it was your birthday I decided to send you something special but I wasn't allowed to mail myself.
Although I cannot be with you on your birthday, know that you are in my thoughts today and every day.
I hope all of your hopes and dreams come true on this very special day. Happy birthday to you!
It's your birthday! I hope it is filled with happiness and plenty of love.
Your birthday allows us to celebrate having you in our lives. Happy Birthday.
I hope you know how much joy your presence brings. Happy birthday my dear friend.
I wanted to send you something awesome for your birthday but nothing is as awesome as the gift of you.
Celebrate, laugh, dance, and cheer because your birthday only comes once a year.
Although I am far away, you are in my heart today on your very special birthday.
Your birthday brings with it a special glow. The glow of so many candles, so hurry and blow them out!
I hope your birthday brings you everything you have ever wished for.
I hate to have to miss your birthday but know that I am thinking of you from afar.
I come with a basketful of heartfelt birthday wishes to enliven your day and share show I care. Happy Birthday.
Today marks a fresh beginning for you; new life to explore, to exploit and to conquer;
may you be lifted to victory? Happy Birthday
You are made special. I count your blessings and the size of your pursuit, the might of your courage and the beauty of your new life. Happy Birthday
As you add a new year to your life, behind you are your past, setbacks, mistakes;
happy birthday for a new life of success, favors, and greatness.
Happy birthday as you put your past behind and look forward to a fresh start in life. Wishing you more grace on your birthday.
Happy birthday to the most skilled, intelligent, and charming boss.
A new year is a fresh turn around for greatness, may you find fulfillment as you celebrate your new year
I offer you bouquets of royal flowers with scents of love and devotion. Happy birthday my love.
I wish you continuous dreaming, planning, and achieving your biggest dreams; may you find fulfillment in your endeavor. Happy Birthday.
As you mark a new day, I wish you find reasons to see the beauty of life, love even more, be thankful and happy at all times.
Your birthday is a moment to spread your love for all. May you too find the grace of fulfillment and wisdom.
Words can never quantify my joy for celebrating with you on your birthday, may this celebration bring you happiness and joy.
Your birthday is a fresh remembrance of the strength of our friendship. You deserve the fulfillment of all your dreams. Happy Birthday.
I wish you a wonderful, joyful and fun-filled happy birthday.
As we commemorate your birth into this world, may your life be filled with laughter, love, joy and peace.
I pray that your dreams turn into reality and your wishes become horse so that you can ride into a new future of fulfilling stardom.
May your marking of this day you were born to bring you greater value and share of all that makes you happy.
The celebration of your birthday is a celebration of life, love and laughter. Happy Birthday.
You are one of the people who bring beautiful meaning into other's life, rather than once a year, we should celebrate you every day. Happy birthday.
A true friend is one who knows your past, acknowledge your faults and the differences but believes in the power of the future and the beauty of dreams. Happy birthday, darling.
I wish you a lovely celebration of your birthday and the best of all your desires.
As we mark your birthday, I wish you a perfect dream comes through, true love and fulfillment in your love life.
Celebrate life and dance away your sorrows; laugh and cheer for the beauty of life is full in happiness. Happy Birthday.
May your celebration of a new life bring you a new special glow of life.
Before you break the cake and blow out the candles, keep closer the fire extinguisher.
I'm so happy to share this remarkable day of your life with you. I wish you the best of a new life.
I thank God for the gift of you and the gift of this day we celebrate your love, life, joy, achievements and existence. Happy Birthday.
May this day be filled with lots of wonderful memories, colored with sparkles of love, the glow of smiles, and warmth of friendship.
On this special day, may your life be renewed with crackles of laughter and the great feelings of affection; I wish you the best of your dreams.
As I remember even strongly the memories we shared in the past, today gives a new meaning to our friendship. May you find satisfaction in all your endeavor.
May your birthday be filled with graces, blessings and favours of the Lord and may your laughter never cease.
I count myself lucky to have you as a friend and as we celebrate this day in your honour, I bless not just the day you were born but also your future. Happy birthday.
Your life is full of crazy colours and joy of loving friends; Happy birthday for the opportunity to celebrate not just you but our friendship.
You are more priceless than amazing diamond, strong, faithful than a devout Christians and blessed like a favoured child. Happy Birthday.
This day is a perfect opportunity to bring to life the memories of love and laughter, happy birthday and may this day fill your life with joyful pleasure.
This birthday wishes is to say to you, I care and I'm grateful for a new day in your life. Happy Birthday.
Happy birthday friend; you are more priceless than the best jewels; may you be stronger, happier, wiser and healthier in life.
More Birthday Wishes:
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Press Conference - More Support for Child Care Sector
Subjects: More support for local child care providers affected by COVID-19 lockdowns.
Hey everybody. Well, since last Friday, there's been two significant announcements from Victoria and New South Wales in relation to child care. And that is both of those jurisdictions have effectively said: only send your child to a child care centre if you are an essential worker. Now that completely changes the dynamics for those child care centres in terms of their financial viability, it changes the dynamics for families as well. As a consequence, today we have decided to announce additional financial support for the child care sector, as a result of those decisions. Now, this financial support will be, of course, in addition to what we've already provided to the child care sector in the form of gap fee waivers, which effectively mean that even if your child is not attending the child care centre and you're not paying fees, we will, nevertheless, continue to pay the Child Care Subsidy. So, what we're announcing today is on top of that as well. And together, this will be a significant financial package, which will be good for hundreds of thousands of parents, good for those businesses, and very important also for the workers who are very important to our economy.
In terms of the specifics, what we'll be providing is 25 per cent of pre-lockdown revenue to the child care centres who are subject to instructions from their Premiers for children not to attend them, unless they are an essential worker. For the afterschool hours providers, we'll be providing 40 per cent of their pre-lockdown revenue. And as I said, that will be on top of the additional support. This will also apply to any child care centre which has been in a locked-down area for four weeks or more. So, it will apply automatically and instantly if a child care centre is subject to instruction from their Premier that children ought not to go. Even if that instruction hasn't been given and there's generally just been a lockdown, which means that parents no longer are sending their kids as often to child care centres, it will still go into place after four weeks. And so, we're applying this from today. And it means, from today, an estimated 4,800 services will be supported with this support which I'm announcing, and that will support about 380,000 families in the process. So, it's an important package. It's a significant package to support the viability of these child care centres. But it's a package which is significant, which is good for families, good for businesses, and good for those critical workers as well. I'm happy to take any questions.
Minister, do you have a cost on it?
It's estimated to cost between $40 million to $50 million per week.
Minister, on reforms more generally in child care sector, on the government's reform package. In the past, you haven't ruled out, it coming in place earlier than was in the Budget kind of mid-next year. But with everything that's going on now, with the lockdowns and the chaos, is there a possibility it might be later or do you think it could still be sooner than mid-next year? What's kind of the update on that piece of reform?
I'm hoping that we'll be able to introduce it before 1 July, and that's what we're working very hard on trying to achieve. Obviously, the legislation passed just in terms of the last sitting fortnight, and that does give us confidence that we can get on with the build. But I'll make further announcements when I'm sure that it can be done earlier. It certainly will be no later than 1 July of next year.
Minister, isn't it disingenuous to say that this latest directive from Premiers is the reason for this extra support, when the sector, for weeks, has been saying that waiving the fee alone is not something they can sustain for weeks on end. New South Wales has been in lockdown for more than two months. You're backdating this to from four weeks, I assume. Is that a recognition that they needed that assistance earlier than what has come to the table?
No. As I said, we've been providing that assistance already for some time in terms of, importantly, the gap fee waiver. Now, what that means is that child care centre can say to a parent, I know you're not bringing your child to the child care centre. Don't pay the fees, but we as the government will continue to pay for the child care subsidy. And the average child care subsidy in Sydney, for example, is 55 per cent of your overall cost base. So, you've got that guarantee even with no children attending. And on top of that, for those smaller providers, of which the vast majority are smaller providers, are able to access the JobSaver as well. So those steps have already been put in place. But over the weekend, further restrictions were made effectively on child care providers and those restrictions came about because eventually the Premiers said – Victoria for instance, made it a rule – only essential workers are allowed to go to child care centres. And in Victoria's case, they went so far as saying you must get a permit to go to a child care centre. And that means that attendance will fall off a cliff. And we are cognisant of that, and therefore want to make sure that those child care centres will be viable and can remain open and can certainly bounce back once lockdowns end.
But Minister, picking up on that, these facilities have not been able to stand down staff to zero hours because under Fair Work Act, they cannot do that. They haven't qualified for a huge amount of subsidy temporarily available in terms of a disaster payment for individual staff. So, they cut a hundred percent staff cost with potentially only 55 per cent revenue from the waiver. What should've been considered significantly earlier, given the main paying staff with less revenue.
So just to correct you in terms of the staff costs. From memory, on average, about 25 per cent, I think, of staff cost are casuals. And so obviously casuals, you can wind down further hours. With those staff that have had their hours reduced to zero, then clearly, the mechanisms were in place for them to get the benefit of other support structures that they've had in place. So, there has been support structures in place. I've always been saying along the way that we will very much monitor how the child care sector is going and the impact on families. And this additional support today, which I'm announcing, is recognition that there has been further changes over the weekend, which are going to have a deleterious impact on those child care centres' viability. We want them to stay open. They need to stay open, particularly for those essential workers to be able to drop their kids off and go to the hospitals, go to the medical clinics, emergency services and the like. And what's more, we want to ensure that the child care centres are completely and utterly can bounce back when lockdowns end. And this will do that.
How would this work in terms of larger companies that have multiple facilities? If they've got one in a lockdown LGA - will they still get that income?
So, this will apply on an individual centre basis now. So, Goodstart, for example, has hundreds of facilities around the country. It's one overall organisation, but it'll apply individual centre by individual centre. Now there'll be some conditions attached to this. We certainly will be insisting that if they are taking advantage of this additional payment, that they will waive the gap fees. That's very important for parents. Parents shouldn't have to pay if they're not attending the child care centre. So that's an important principle. We want them to maintain their staffing levels that they presently have, acknowledging that some of the casual staff may have already been reduced, and it'll only come into place if they're not already accessing the JobSaver scheme or the equivalent schemes in Victoria. Double dip, in that regard, clearly an organisation like Goodstart is not able to access JobSaver.
Were you previously informed of this shift that the Premiers are going to take in terms of…
Has anybody else got questions on this? I'm more than happy to answer
Were you previously informed of this change? Or did you learn when it was announced in press conferences …
I'm in constant communication with my state and territory counterparts. In some respects, I was expecting that particularly in Victoria, that the Premier might go down this path. So, it wasn't a complete surprise to me.
With the Doherty modelling, what do you see as 70 to 80 per cent vaccination rates meaning for child care, school, and universities? What specifically do you see that modelling meaning for onsite attendance at those levels?
Well, I mean, the Doherty advice was that once we get to 70 per cent of the adult population being vaccinated, that schools can be opened where there is no outbreaks. That's what the Doherty advice was. And we're following that advice.
Minister, you've been open about not knowing exactly how many child care workers are vaccinated. We might not want making them mandatory, but perhaps a mandatory reporting system would give you better oversight, even for medical advice? And the best way to protect children is to vaccinate the adults around them. Would you support a mandatory reporting system?
It's something that's certainly worth considering. That hasn't been put to me in the past. But I'll consider that. I mean, ultimately, we want everybody to get vaccinated. We certainly want teachers to get vaccinated. We want child care workers to get vaccinated. Those vaccines are available even for younger adults. You can go and speak to your GP as quickly as possible and get the AstraZeneca. And if that's the decision you want to make. So please go and get vaccinated. Australians are doing this in record numbers at the moment, and we want that to continue.
Like in the aged care sector which have staff vaccination rates. Should there be any consideration for this mandatory reporting? Would you like to see something similar where could look up and see whether their child care centres or their schools, what would the vaccination rates be at the individual schools?
Yeah, as I said, I think it's something worth considering. But I would say that in the aged care centres, clearly you're dealing with the most vulnerable population with the aged care seekers. Most of the deaths, as you know, have been of very elderly people within aged care facilities. And that hasn't been the case with younger people.
Minister, sorry, in Victoria this morning the State Government there was thinking about how the young children in schools who are getting infected with COVID and are getting sick to the point where they're vomiting and passing out at school, in the classrooms. If there is no plan to vaccinate children under 12, is this just going to be a part of life for school children going forward?
Well, no, the Prime Minister indicated on the weekend that there is a plan for the vaccination of children which is being developed, and that will be finalised at National Cabinet this Friday. Alright. Thanks, everybody.


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Why Costco Fans Should Be Following This Instagram Account
Costco is a mecca for deal-seekers, lovers of all things sold in bulk, and delicious food court pizza. It's not hard to lose yourself in the giant bottles of low-priced olive oil and vanilla extract and while you're busy digging through all those center-aisle deals, there's a good chance you can miss something. Fortunately, there's an eagle-eyed Instagrammer out there scoping out Costco's best – and sometimes quirkiest – buys and they're a must-follow for any true Costco fan.
According to Narcity, @costcobuys uncovers the best Costco deals in the U.S., resulting in a feed riddled with drool-worthy food, classy kitchen decor, and some things that just make you scratch your head in wonder. Even if you don't have a Costco membership, this account is worth scrolling through just for the entertainment of it all. Here's a taste of some of @costcobuys best finds that might just make you want to join the 294,000 people and counting who already follow them on the Gram.
This account shows you how to live your best Costco life
We'll never forget the day @costcobuys brought Costco's giant tray of baklava, featuring five different varieties of Turkish treats into our lives via Instagram. Or, when they introduced us to Costco's raspberry crumble cookies that are so popular, they basically have their own mini community on Reddit. Then, just when we thought things couldn't get any better, up popped Costco's edible brownie batter, the vegan, gluten-free dessert hummus we never knew we needed. Yes, edible brownie batter is a thing and according to Instagrammer @jenniferlswanson's comment, it's "amazing".
But this Instagram account is more than just delicious food finds – it also helps followers keep things cute in the kitchen by sharing deals on three-piece serving platters, printed kitchen towels, and cookware sets. Plus, your four-legged friends are covered too, thanks to posts about Costco's advent calendar for dogs and Costco food court-themed dog toys. Because @costcobuys crowdsources deals by encouraging other Costco lovers to tag them in posts for a chance to be featured, followers are sure to be treated to the best of the best offerings from around the country. What more could a Costco fan ask for than an Instagram feed full of warehouse club eye candy and a safe space to share a love of bulk-buy deals with like-minded, Costco-obsessed foodies? Do yourself a favor and give this account a follow so you, too, can live your best Costco life from now on.


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2012ers balk at RNC debate plan
Representatives of three potential GOP presidential candidates expressed concerns this weekend about the Republican National Committee's proposal to sanction a series of monthly primary debates.
The aides said the plan - under which the RNC would determine the format and moderators for each of their approved forums - would take too much power out of the hands of the candidates and likely add more debates to a calendar already stocked with them.
"This is a matter that should be left to the campaigns," said a staffer to one likely hopeful. "The RNC should be focused on Democrats and Obama. The ownership over this belongs to the campaigns. We can work with one another to come to an agreement."
An adviser to a second probable candidate called the party's proposal "well-intentioned" but "misguided."
"It will not rectify the concerns campaigns have expressed over the debate process as it will increase the number of debates," said the adviser. "It seems like there are easier ways to help the RNC with its financial condition."
A representative of a third campaign added: "It would contradict the idea of having less debates.
Asked about the concerns, RNC communications director Sean Spicer indicated that the committee welcomed the response and wanted to work with the campaigns.
"The reason we're going through this process is to get our candidates' feedback on what would make for the most successful outcome of the primary season," said Spicer.
As part of their plan — outlined in a one-page memo sent to the campaigns Friday night by RNC debate committee chair James Bopp, an Indiana committeeman — the debt-racked party would require each of the candidates who agree to participate in the sanctioned debates to raise money for the RNC at fundraisers held in conjunction with the forums.
The proposal also suggested that each of those candidates who participate in the debates would have access to the party's in-house lists of voters and donors. After an adviser to one candidate balked at such a deal, Spicer clarified that all eligible GOP hopefuls would have access to their lists.
But that the list-swap was even included in the plan was another sore point for the campaigns, who indicated that the idea never came up in the original meeting all the candidate representatives had last month to first discuss debates.
"The exchange was never talked about," grumbled one candidate adviser.
Various news organizations, including POLITICO, are planning to hold GOP presidential primary debates over the coming months.
Just elected in January, RNC Chairman Reince Priebus is facing what amounts to the first intra-Republican squabble of his administration, trying to balance the wishes of the likely GOP White House hopefuls concerned about a glut of debate invitations with those of committee hard-liners like Bopp who want to use those concerns to pick a broader fight with news organizations over who has control over the quadrennial forums.
After Spicer first softened Bopp's proposal Friday, indicating that it was more an attempt to get "feedback" than a hard-and-fast plan that the candidates must sign off on, the conservative Hoosier sent a defensive follow-up email Saturday to the potential candidates. In it, he recounted the concerns they had expressed in individual conversations and detailed how his committee was working to address them.
"The proposed RNC role was for the RNC to become involved in the Presidential debates in order to promote having fewer debates, starting later, with a more comfortable frequency and with a more substantive and candidate-friendly format," wrote Bopp, in a message obtained by POLITICO. "All but one of the [campaigns] endorsed, most enthusiastically, this proposed role for the RNC."
He added that most of the campaigns had indicated "the format of prior debates as the 'biggest problem,'" noting that: "the [campaigns] were concerned that prior debates were liberal-media-driven to the determent of the candidates."
"They agreed that the way to help fix this was by the RNC to control who the moderators of the debates are and for the RNC to utilize conservative public-policy experts, rather than media personalities, as moderators," Bopp wrote. "The Proposal has the RNC determining the format and moderators for the debates."
Bopp's ideas for moderators: former Bush Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and former Reagan Attorney General Ed Meese, according to a source who attended the initial meeting at the RNC last month in which the debates were first discussed.
Sighing about the suggestion, the source said: "Presidential campaigns are filled with adults, and we can take care of ourselves."
Bopp also revealed in his email Saturday that the candidates had little appetite to start debating next month, when Fox News and the South Carolina GOP are slated to hold a forum.
"All but one of the potential Presidential candidates interviewed felt that May was too early," he wrote. "In fact,
none of the 9 potential candidates had agree to any of the May debates at the time they were interviewed. Only one of them expressed an intention to agree to a May debate. The most frequently mentioned start date was August."
In his email Saturday, Bopp suggested that POLITICO's report of his committee's plan amounted to frustration by the media that news outlets would no longer control presidential debates.
"Finally, as our interviews and Proposal have unfortunately been leaked to the media, we have witnessed that our proposed changes have made some in the media uncomfortable, which is understandable," he wrote.
"We are taking away the power of the mainstream media to vet our candidates and, thereby, help determine our nominee. However, we have also received overwhelming support from our grassroots because they understand that the first step to control our own destiny is to make sure these debates are driven by the party and its grassroots."


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Response Learning Victoria is contracted with the Victorian Government to access Skills First subsidised training. Skills First is a Victorian and Commonwealth Government funding program that provides subsidised funding to make vocational education and training more accessible to eligible people who do not hold a post-school qualification, or who want to gain a higher level qualification than they already hold.
Eligibility criteria
To be eligible for subsidised training, you have to be:
- an Australian citizen, or
- an Australian permanent resident, or
- a New Zealand citizen.
You are eligible for subsidised training if you are under 20 years old as of 1 January.
If you are over 20 years old, you are only eligible for subsidised training for courses leading to a higher qualification than you already have. For example, if you have a Certificate III, you can't do a subsidised Certificate II course. This Training is delivered with Victorian and Commonwealth Government funding.
It's important to note, however, that there are some exemptions and exclusions to the criteria, and limits to how many subsidised courses you can do.
An individual who is 20 years of age or older (as at 1 January in the year of commencement of training) is eligible to enrol in Skills First subsidised training in:
- a program that is at a higher AQF level than the highest qualification held at the time of the scheduled commencement of training ('upskilling');
- a program on the Foundation Skills List (unless the individual already holds a qualification issued by an Australian VET or higher education provider that is at AQF level 5 (Diploma) or higher);
- training as an Apprentice (not Trainee) under an Approved Training Scheme;
- training in the VCE or the VCAL (Intermediate or Senior); or
- a Skill Set.
Limits on the amount of training that can be subsidised
In addition to meeting the eligibility requirements, a Skills First Student can only:
- commence a maximum of two Skills First subsidised Skill Sets in a calendar year (the '2 Skill Sets in a year' limit).
Where an individual is enrolled in a Skill Set(s) that is scheduled to commence at a later date in that calendar year, this Skill Set(s) must be counted for the purpose of this limit;
- commence a maximum of two Skills First subsidised programs that are AQF qualifications in a calendar year (the '2 AQF qualifications in a year' limit).
Where an individual is enrolled in a program(s) that is scheduled to commence at a later date in that calendar year, this program(s) must be counted for the purpose of this limit;
- undertake a maximum of two Skills First subsidised programs at any one time (the '2 at a time' limit); and
- commence a maximum of two government-subsidised programs in their lifetime that are at the same AQF level (the '2 at level in a lifetime' limit).
Eligibility exemptions
Response Learning may exempt an otherwise ineligible individual from particular eligibility requirements or limits on the amount of training that can be subsidised in certain circumstances
Please contact Student Services - firstname.lastname@example.com
Additional eligibility requirements for Apprentices and Trainees
If an individual is an Apprentice or Trainee, to be eligible for Skills First subsidised training they must be:
- employed in Victoria in either a full time or part time capacity under an award or registered agreement;
- undertaking an Approved Training Scheme; and
- a signatory to a Training Contract with their employer that is registered with the VRQA.
Additional eligibility requirements for individuals under 17 years of age
If an individual will be under 17 years of age at the time their training commences, unless they are undertaking training as part of a School Based Apprenticeship or Traineeship, to be eligible for Skills First subsidised training, they must have received an exemption from school attendance.
Asylum seekers and overseas students
If you are an asylum seeker, you may be able to get subsidised training though the Asylum seeker VET program.
If you are an overseas student, you are not eligible for subsidised training in Victoria, but you may be able to get other government assistance. See the Australian Government Study Assist page for more information.
Exemptions and exclusions
There are some exemptions to the criteria. This means that some people are eligible for subsidised training without having to meet the criteria. For example, if you've been retrenched, you may not need to meet the eligibility criteria.
There are also some exclusions from the critieria. This means that some people are not eligible for subsidised training. For example, if you're in prison, you're not eligible.
To check other eligibility criteria, Check your eligibility for subsidised training here.
Note: Accessing your Skills First Program entitlement may impact your access to future government subsidised training.
A training subsidy paid to Response Learning Victoria may cover part or all the training costs required. Whether a tuition or enrolment fee is paid in addition to the subsidy by a student/trainee, an employer or another party, all fees and subsidies relate to the student/trainee.
Please refer to our Tuition Fees page for fee related information. Tuition Fees
When you apply for a subsidised course, Response Learning Victoria will check your eligibility for subsidised training. Prepare for your eligibility assessment here.
Residential Status
Participants undertaking Victorian government subsided training must be physically present in the State of Victoria at all times at which they are undertaking the training and assessment.


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Up for sale is crudely made amber Winchell & Davis Albany New York whiskey Flask. The lip has like an underpour look to the lip, the gaffer did it so well(photos #6+ #7) and a indent on the backside by the base shown in the last photo. It is whittled and has a lot of bubbles throughout the glass also. A pretty hue of amber, a really nice piece ready to display upon arrival. Please view the photos and feel to ask questions.
Thank you for stopping by! This item is in the category "Collectibles\Bottles & Insulators\Bottles\Antique (Pre-1900)\Flasks". The seller is "anrewt1" and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States.


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Untold Casino - UK review
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ISA superyacht Silver Wind sold
Thompson Westwood White Yachts has announced the sale of the 43.63-metre ISA superyacht Silver Wind. The seller was represented by Lucrecia Vogogna and Peter Thompson, with David Westwood representing the buyer in the deal.
Constructed in 2014, Silver Wind was Italian shipyard ISA Yachts' inaugural ISA 140'. Her sleek silver exterior is the product of Andrea Vallicelli. Encompassing a dramatic exterior staircase from the stern to the sundeck, Silver Wind also boasts a large sundeck and a generous beach club with extensive space for making the best of the superyacht lifestyle.
With interiors by Nuvolari & Lenard in collaboration with Valentina Zannier, the light indoor areas create an open environment with panoramic views. Accommodating up to eight guests across four spacious double staterooms, Silver Wind's interior also includes a dedicated spa area with a balcony connecting to the owner's suite.
With a hybrid propulsion system, powered by 2 x MTU 16V4000M93L 3440 KW engines, she has a maximum speed of 32 knots and a cruising speed of 26 knots.
At the time of sale, Silver Wind was listed at an asking price of €14,500,000.


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Aimed at junior doctors currently undergoing, or about to undertake, specialty training in an infection discipline, this Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Online Learning) programme at The University of Edinburgh is open to trainees in the UK and worldwide.
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The Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Online Distance Learning) programme at The University of Edinburgh is aligned with JRCPTB and RCPath training in infection disciplines: Combined Infection Training and Higher Specialty Training in Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Medical Virology.
Career opportunities
This unique programme will offer the student the knowledge and skills required to enhance their career progression in clinical or academic medicine.
The programme will offer an alternative to traditional classroom based research training for those candidates who do not wish to take time away from their professional commitments.
Programme Structure
Courses include:
- Science and biology of bacteria
- Science and biology of viruses
- Science and biology fungi, parasites and prions
- Laboratory practise in microbiology, virology and serology
- Anti-infective therapy and resistance
Key information
- Part-time
- 36 months
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Start dates & application deadlines
- Starting
- Apply before
We encourage you to apply at least one month prior to entry so that we have enough time to process your application.
- MSc - 180
- PgDip - 120
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DisciplinesMicrobiology Health Sciences View 467 other Masters in Health Sciences in United Kingdom
Academic requirements
English requirements
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Please help us fill this blanket with prayers, strength, well wishes and love for Albert.
Elephants symbolize strength, luck and power. We're on our way to the hospital now to drop this blanket off to be with Albert and wrap him in healing light and prayers. Albert is having life-saving surgery again this morning and we need his prayer warriors behind him for a successful surgery
Please keep our sweetest boy top of mind today! We'll post updates as we get communication from the surgical team. Thank you all for always being right here when we and our dogs need you most
You got this Albert!!


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The Straits View Condominium is a matured development consisting of 728 units. The 113-unit Elita is a 21-storey premier condominium within the Straits View.
The most desirable address in Permas Jaya, the Elita at The Straits View is just 7km away from the CIQ (Custom, Immigration & Quarantine) complex and conveniently 10 minutes-drive from both Singapore and Johor Bahru City Centre. With neighbourhood malls, commercial quarters and restaurants nearby, you will find absolutely the conveniences of life.
The Elita offers modern and spacious designs in different configuration. It features community facilities that include a large clover-shaped swimming pool, private cabanas, open terrace, children playgrounds, squash and tennis courts, jogging tracks, a fully equipped gymnasium, wading pool, spa pool, multi-purpose hall, covered carparks, laundry facilities, mini market, reflexology paths and 24-hour security.
The Straits View Condo has been awarded the National Level Best Maintained Buildings and Residential Development by the Housing Ministry.
OUR team are on hand to assist you fiding your home.