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Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 938-43. 2008.
Antifeedant Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants on VI instar larva of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
S. Ramya1, C. Rajasekaran1, G. Sundararajan2, N. Alaguchamy3 and R. Jayakumararaj4
1 School of Biotechnology, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering VIT University, Vellore – 632014
2 P G and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Salem – 636 007
3 Department of Zoology, RD Government Arts College, Sivagangai – 630561
4 Department of Botany, RD Govt. Arts College, Sivagangai – 630561
Issued 02 November 2008
Phytochemicals, especially botanical insecticides are currently of interest because of their successful application in plant protection as biocontrol agents. Biological activity of leaf aqueous extract of ten selected medicinal plants were evaluated against the fourth-instar larvae of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Antifeedant activity of leaf aqueous extracts of Abutilon indicum L., Achyranthus aspera L., Aerva lanata L., Albiziz amara (Roxb), Andrographis paniculata Ness., Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Cassia tora L., Catharanthus roseus L (G) Don., Datura metal L. and Tribulus terrestris L. were evaluated in this study. Preliminary screening after 24 h of exposure with leaf aqueous extracts of the selected plants at a concentration of 1,000 ppm exhibited significant larval mortality rate. The percentage mortality rate ranged considerably from 10.8 to 72.8. The mortality rate was observed in the decreasing order of A. paniculata > C. roseus > D. metal > A. amara > C. halicacabum > A. indicum > C. tora > T. terrestris > A. aspera >A. lanata against the larvae of H. armigera. The results imply that leaf aqueous extract of A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal can potentially be used as eco-friendly pest control agents against the larva of H. armigera.
India is basically an agro-based country more than 80% of Indian population depends on agriculture. Indian economy is largely determined by agricultural productivity. Insect-pests are known to cause significant damage to crops and affect agricultural productivity. The monetary loss due to feeding by larvae and adult insects alone contributes to billion dollars per annum (Jacobson, 1982). Among the Lepidopteran, Pod borer - Helicoverpa armigera is the key pest that cause severe damage to crop plants and bring about significant yield loss. Helicoverpa armigera, commonly known as cotton bollworm or American bollworm, is a major polyphagous noctuid pest in Asia, causing heavy damage to agricultural, horticultural and ornamental crops (Talekar et al., 2006). H. armigera infests several plants like cereals, pulses, cotton, and vegetable besides it has been reported to attack wild hosts. In central and north India, it is the major pest affecting cotton. The larvae feed extensively on cotton plant parts including the newly emerging bolls causing severe loss of crop. Bollworms are relatively safe from natural enemies because of the cryptic feeding habits of the larvae within cotton bolls. Therefore, large numbers of H. armigera in cotton and other vegetables survive to adults that may disperse widely, producing progeny that damage high-value crops (Cabanillas and Raulston 1995; Michael and Donald 1996). Economic loss due to this pest in India accounts for 5,000 cores (Manjunath et al., 1985). Helicoverpa armigera has a long history of resistance to conventional insecticides. Variety of chemical insecticides and pesticides are used to control H. armigera. However, harmful effects and persistent nature of the chemical pesticides demand for eco-friendly alternatives.
During the last 50 years, worldwide use of synthetic insecticides to control insect pests has led to both insecticide resistance and environmental persistence (Roush, 1990). Plant derived phytochemicals have been widely used in the management of agricultural pest since time immemorial (Choudary, 2001). Plant derived pesticides are eco-friendly, non-toxic to non target organisms, non persistent in nature, besides they do not promote drug resistance (Liu et al., 2000). Therefore, researchers world over are engaged in a mission to hunt for novel phytochemicals that could potentially be used in the management of insect-pests.
Plants are endowed with a potential to produce a range of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, sitosterols and tannins. These phytochemicals are known to protect the plants from the attack of insect-pests (Ahmad, 2007). However, production of phytochemicals varies from plant to plant. Further, parameters like age of plant, part of plant (root, stem, leaf, fruit, flower, seed and bark) have been reported to affect the production of phytochemicals. The phytochemicals produced in response to insect-pest attack, affect feeding and oviposition of insects on the plants. Application of bio-pesticides has been reported to have positive impacts on bollworm population management (Ge and Ding 1996).
A number of plants have been shown to have pesticidal and antifeedant activity against H. armigera of which Neem has been subjected to extensive investigation by Chopra et al., (1994). Studies have shown that Acorus calamus, Annona squamosa, Vitex negundo are effective in the management of H. armigera (Murugan et al., 1998). Sundararajan and Kumuthakalavalli, (2001) evaluated antifeedant activity of aqueous extract of Gnidia glauca and Toddalia asiatica against H. armigera. In this view, effect of leaf aqueous extracts of selected medicinal plants viz., A. indicum, A. aspera, A. lanata, A. amara, A. paniculata, C. halicacabum, C. tora, C. roseus, D. metal and T. terrestris have been evaluated for their efficacy in the management of the insect pest H. armigera.
Preparation of extract
Selection of plants used in the present study was made on the basis of their availability and absence of damage by the insect-pest. Healthy plant materials were collected from the wild in poly bags and brought to lab and their botanical identity was established. Fresh leaves from the selected plants were collected and washed separately. About 1gm of fresh leaf material was ground with distilled water using mortar and pestle. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was made upto 100ml and was maintained as stock. The leaf aqueous extract was diluted with distilled water to obtain 1% test solution used in the bioassay studies.
Test organism
The larvae used for the study were collected from the host plants in the cotton fields and brought to lab. They were reared on artificial diet under laboratory conditions. Studies were carried out using VI instar larvae of H. armigera against the aqueous extract of all the selected plant species. The percentage mortality was calculated after a period of 24h by using bioassay studies.
Bioassay studies
Studies were conducted for a period of 24h in the laboratory in transparent plastic containers of 4x2.5 cm size capped with perforated plastic lids. Fresh leaves of Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) were collected from the field and washed in water. Excess moisture was removed from the leaves and the leaves were dipped in 1% test solution, shade dried and served to the VI instar larvae of H. armigera. Extract free leaves served as control. For each treatment 10 larvae were singly introduced in separate containers after six hour starvation. Three replicates each of ten larvae were maintained for each treatment. All the experiments were conducted at 27± 1℃, 75% humidity and 14h dark period. Twenty four hour larval mortality was observed and the percentage mortalities were corrected using Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925).
The aqueous extracts of selected plant species collected from Salem and Vellore Districts of Tamil Nadu were subjected to bioassay studies against the VI instar larva of H. armigera (24h) and the percentage mortality rate was observed. The results are given in Table 1. It was observed that all the selected plant species exhibited antifeedant activity against the larvae of H. armigera. However, the percentage mortality rate varied significantly among the plants tested. The percentage mortality rate of the insects ranged from 10.8 to 72.8. The mortality rate was observed in the decreasing order of A. paniculata > C. roseus > D. metal > A. amara > C. halicacabum > A. indicum > C. tora > T. terrestris > A. aspera > A. lanata against the larvae of H. armigera. The leaf aqueous extracts of three plants namely A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal exhibited high rate of mortality (72.8, 67.8 and 62.2 percent respectively) against the larvae of H. armigera.
Prohibitive expense to meet the challenges of increasing resistance in insects, resurgence of pests and escalating environmental pollution caused by synthetic pesticides call for the discovery of less-expensive, non-hazardous alternatives in the management of insect-pests. Plants are endowed with a potential to produce a wide spectrum of allelo-chemicals (Norduland and Sauls, 1981). Insects have been influential in the evolution of allelo-chemicals in plants which in turn affects the insects. Some of compounds affect the feeding behavior of the insects and inhibit feeding, while few others disrupt hormonal balance there by inhibits growth, metamorphosis and reproduction. Due to aforesaid reasons there is resurgence of interest in plant derived compounds for developing them novel eco-friendly insecticides on commercial scale (Jacobson and Crosby, 1971). Despite hundreds of plants have insecticidal property, only few compounds like Azadirachtin (known to disrupt the action of moulting hormone) and pyrethroids (brings about paralysis of the insects) have been commercialized. However, an understanding of structure-activity relationship and knowledge on the mode of action is required for large-scale production. For successful exploitation of a bio-insecticide, screening of phytochemicals for wide spectrum of behavioral and physiological activities in poly-phagous insects is essential.
Koul et al., (2000) administered phytochemical extracts orally through food to determine the toxicity or efficacy of plant materials for antifeedancy, inhibition of growth or emergence as adults. Murugan et al (1998), followed no-choice method in which the test insect was provided with treated leaf disc. Dual choice method mimics the situation in the field, and is valuable in assessing the antifeedancy of phytochemicals. However, this method does not facilitate administration of apt quantity of plant extract to the insects. On the other hand, no-choice bioassay method provides on opportunity to precisely administer the desired quantity of extract to the insect. Hence in the present study, no-choice bioassay method was followed for assessing the insecticidal activity of the different plant extracts. Usually larger doses of plant extracts inflict mortality either by inhibiting feeding or reducing digestibility or inhibiting growth. Smaller doses of extracts may not be adequate for killing the insects however it may sometimes induce malformation (Ahmad, 2007). Induction of morphogenetic deformities during larval development or metamorphosis has greater impact on population build up. Malformed adults are unable to participate in reproductive activities and hence do not help building up the population. High antifeedancy (low ED50) has been reported for pure compounds isolated from different plants by Simmonds et al., (1990). Aqueous extracts of Calotropis procera and Datura stromonium display about 90% feeding protection against H. armigera (Dodia et al., 1998).
Likewise, it has been reported that the effectiveness of the phytochemicals depend on the extraction method used. Janarthan et al., (1999) reported that petroleum ether extracts of Parthenium histerophorus at a concentration of 0.2 and 0.5% cause 100% mortality in the larvae of H. armigera. Antifeedant property of plant extracts brings about retardation of growth and ultimately results in death of the insect. However, compounds which do not display antifeedant property are reported to have growth regulatory activity (Kraus et al., 1987). On the other hand, a few plant extracts display bimodal activity. At high concentrations they are as feeding deterrents and at low concentrations as growth inhibitors (Nawrot et al., 1991). Jermy (1990) reported that extracts with antifeedant and toxic effect are more successful in practical application as they evoke behavioral effect of antifeedancy. Jaglan et al (1997) evaluated the effect of Azadirachta indica extracts against H. armigera and reported that Chloroform : methanol (9:1) extracts of Neem seed kernels and leaves showed better insecticidal properties than methanol extracts. On the other hand Koul et al., (2000) reported that H. armigera larva fed on azadirachtin treated leaf suffered dose dependant effect on growth. Young larvae fed on 4 ppm azadirachtin treated leaf initially gained weight however, older larvae fed on 4 ppm azadirachtin leaf suffered 75% decrease in growth compared with the control larva (Koul, 1985). Similar observations were made by Murugan and Babu (1998) on growth and feeding physiology of H. armigera larva on extracts of Ricinus communis, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Vitex negundo and Nerium oleander. Murugan et al., (1998) reported that larvae fed on 0.3% ethylaceteate fraction of Glycosmis pentaphylla, Vitex negundo and Nerium oleander showed significant effect on initial weight (259, 181 and 177%) in 48h compared to weight gained by the control larva (898, 972 and 890%). However, earlier it has been reported that the aqueous leaf extracts of Gnidia glauca showed more than 50% larval mortality at 0.8-1.0% and 86.1% mortality observed at 1.0% on Toddalia asiatica extract against the sixth-instar larvae of H. armigera (Sundararajan and Kumuthakalavalli, 2001). In the present study all the tested plant extracts exhibited antifeedant activity on H. armigera. Of the 10 species of the plants screened for insecticidal property, three plant species (A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal) showed high rate of mortality, i.e. above 60%, on application of aqueous extracts against the VI instar larva of H. armigera. In conclusion, the study reveals that leaf aqueous extracts of A. paniculata, C. roseus and D. metal can potentially be used as eco friendly bio-pesticide to control the devastating damage caused by VI instar larva of H. armigera.
Abbott WS (1925) A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide J Econ Ent 18:265-267.
Ahmad Mahmood (2007) Insecticide resistance mechanisms and their Management in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) - A review J Agric Res 45(4): 319-335.
Cabanillas HE, Raulston JR (1995) Impact of Steinernema riobravis (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) on the control of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn J Econ Entomol 88:58-64.
Chopra RN, Badhwar R and Ghosh S (1994) Poisonous Plants of India ICAR New Delhi, India.
Choudhary RK, Veda OP and Mandloi KC (2001) Use of Neem, Azadirechta indica and garlic, Allium sativum in the management of bolloworms, Helicoverpa armigera in cotton In: Proc 88th Session of the Indian Sci Cong Agric Sci, New Delhi. 40-42.
Dodia DA, Patel IS and Pathak AR (1995) Antifeedant properties of some indigenous plant extracts against larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Pestol 19:21-22.
Ge F and Ding Y (1996) The population energy dynamics of predacious natural enemies and their pest control activity in different cotton agroecosystems. Acta Entomol Sin 39:266-273.
Jacobson (1982) The potential role of natural product chemistry research in Heliothis management. In: Proc. Internt. Patacheru, Andrapradesh, India 233-240.
Jacobson M and Crosby DG (1971). Naturally occurring insecticide (Eds Marcel and Dekker) 212-219.
Jaglan MS, Khokhar KS, Malik MS and Singh R (1997) Evaluation of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) extracts against American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) J Agri Food Chem 45:3262-3268.
Janardhan RS, Chitra KC, Kameswara RP and Subramaniyam RK (1999) Antifeedant and insecticidal properties of certain plant extracts against Helicoverpa armigera J Insect Sci, 5:163-164.
Jermy T (1990) Prospects of antifeedant approach to pest control – a critical review J Chem Ecol, 16:3151-3166.
Koul O (1985) Azadirachtin interaction with development of Helicoverpa armigera Fab Indian J Expt Biol 23:160-163.
Koul O, Jain MP and Sharma VK (2000) Growth inhibitory and antifeedant activity of extracts from Melia dubia to Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Indian J Exp Biol 38(1):63-68.
Kraus W, Baumann S, Bokel M, Keller U, Klenk A, Klingele M, Pohnl H and Schwinger M (1987) Control of insect feeding and development by constituents of Melia azadirach and Azadirachta indica Proc 3rd International Neem Conference, Nairobi, Kenya, 375 – 385.
Liu SQ, Shi JJ, Cao H, Jia FB, Liu XQ, Shi GL (2000) Survey of pesticidal component in plant In: Entomology in China in 21st Century, Proceedings of Conference of Chinese Entomological Society (Ed: Dianmo) Li Beijing, China: Science & Technique Press. 1098-1104.
Manjunath TM, Bhattnagar VS, Pawer CS and Sidhanantham S (1985) Economic importance of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) in India an assessment of their natural enemies and host plants In: Proc. Workshop on Biological control of Heliothis armigera ND, India.
Michael AF and Donald CS (1996) Inundative biological control of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobravis (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Biol Control 7:38-43.
Murugan K and Babu R (1998) Impact of certain plant products and Bacillus thurengiensis Berliner sub sp. kurstaki on the growth and feeding physiology of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) JSIR 57:757-765.
Murugan K, Sivaramakrishnan S, Senthilkumar N, Jayabalan D and Senthil Nathan S (1998) Syneristic interaction of botanicals and Biocides Nuclear polyhedrosis virus on pest control JSIR 57:732-739.
Nawrot J, Koul O, Isman MB and Harmatha J (1991) Naturally occurring antifeedants: effects on two polyphagous lepidopterans J Appl Entomol 111:194-201.
Norduland DA and Sauls GE (1981) Kairomones and their use for the management of entomophagous insects J Gen Ecol 7:1057-1061.
Roush R T and BE Tabashnik (1990) Pesticide resistance in arthropods. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY.
Simmonds MSJ, Blaney WM and Fellows FE (1990) Behavioral and electro-physiological study of antifeedant mechanisms associated with polyhydroxy alkaloids. J Chem Ecol 16:3167-3196.
Sundararajan G and Kumuthakalavalli R (2001) Antifeedant activity of aqueous extract of Gnidia glauca Gilg. and Toddalia asiatica Lam. on the gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn). J Environ Biol 22(1):11-14.
Talekar NS, Open˜a RT and Hanson P (2006) Helicoverpa armigera management: a review of AVRDC's research on host plant resistance in tomato Crop Protect 5:461-467.
Table 1 Effect of leaf aqueous solutions on the larvae of H. armigera.


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subset: commoncrawl


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The USDJPY consolidates, but stays below the 50% midpoint1 min read
50% midpoint at 109.061
The USDPJY yesterday fell for the third day in a row, and in the process made it to the 50% midpoint of the move up from the May 11 low. That level comes in at 109.061. The low yesterday reached 109.068 and went into a consolidation mode above that midpoint level, and mostly below the 100 hour MA (blue line in the chart above).
Today, the price was able to push below the midpoint level, and it tilted the pair's bias more to the downside (down for the 4th day in a row). The price action has been confined, however, with a number of ups and downs with 108.82 below and the 50% midpoint at 109.06 above.
That is how the new day will begin. It will take a move back above the 50% and the 200 hour MA nearby at 109.093 to ruin the bears play.
On the downside, getting and staying below the 108.828, will have traders looking toward the intraday swing low at 108.654. Below that and the 108.421 toe 108.453 would be targeted followed by the low s in May at 108.34 area..
Stay below 109.06-09 for a more bearish bias going forward.


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In the Assembly today, Srikalahasthi MLA Biyyapu Madhusudhan Reddy performed some comedy punches. By naming him the Zoom Baba, he took a funny take on Chandrababu Naidu. He also said in a lighter note after a while that CBN does not need to be afraid of Coronavirus because it can do him nothing. "Coronavirus is afraid that Babu may backstab it from behind like he did to his father in law" he said in the Assembly in the midst of major laughs.
He went on to say, "CBN has a reason to be afraid of due to his age. But what happened to Lokesh? He is like a gunna enugu (young elephant). He can do service. But he sat in Hyderabad" "CBN didn't even give at least a drop of buttermilk to the lockdown victims despite running his Heritage Company. He ran his company without shutting down even when 30 Heritage employees were affected with Corona" he said. In general, in the Legislature, Madhusudan's comedy punches brought laughter.


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Machine Guarding
Machine guarding hazards are addressed in specific OSHA standards for agriculture, general industry, maritime, and construction. This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related to machine guarding.
OSHA Standards
General Industry (29 CFR 1910)
Related Information
1910 Subpart O - Machinery and Machine Guarding
1910.211, Definitions.
|Related Information
1910.212, General requirements for all machines.
|Related Information
1910.213, Woodworking machinery requirements.
|Related Information
1910.215, Abrasive wheel machinery.
|Related Information
1910.216, Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries.
|Related Information
1910.217, Mechanical power presses.
|Related Information
1910.218, Forging machines.
|Related Information
1910.219, Mechanical power-transmission apparatus.
|Related Information
1910 Subpart R - Special Industries
1910.262, Textiles.
|Related Information
1910.263, Bakery equipment.
|Related Information
1910.268, Telecommunications. Paragraph (b)(1)(v) addresses some general requirements for machine guarding.
|Related Information
Maritime (29 CFR 1915, 1917, 1918)
Related Information
1917 Subpart G - Related Terminal Operations and Equipment
1917.151, Machine guarding.
|Related Information
1918.96, Maintenance and repair work in the vicinity of longshoring operations. Paragraph (e) contains general requirements for machine guarding (see also 29 CFR 1918.2, definition of "danger zone").
|Related Information
Construction Industry (29 CFR 1926)
Related Information
1926 Subpart I - Tools - Hand and Power
1926.300, General requirements.
|Related Information
1926.301, Hand tools.
|Related Information
1926.302, Power-operated hand tools.
|Related Information
1926.303, Abrasive wheels and tools.
|Related Information
1926.304, Woodworking tools.
|Related Information
1926.305, Jacks-lever and ratchet, screw, and hydraulic.
|Related Information
1926.306, Air receivers.
|Related Information
1926.307, Mechanical power-transmission apparatus.
|Related Information
Agriculture Industry (29 CFR 1928)
Related Information
1928 Subpart D - Safety for Agricultural Equipment
1928.57, Guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, and cotton gins.
|Related Information
State Plan Standards
There are 29 OSHA-approved State Plans operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. State Plans are required to have standards and enforcement programs that are at least as effective as OSHA's and may have different or more stringent requirements.
Additional Federal Register Notices
Note: The federal registers in this list provide additional information that is not necessarily connected to a specific OSHA standard highlighted on this Safety and Health Topics page.
- Power Presses. Proposed Rules 72:30729-30734, (June 4, 2007). OSHA is seeking comments on whether and how the mechanical power presses standard should be amended, including whether the requirements pertaining to the use of presence-sensing-device initiation (PSDI) systems should be revised and whether the scope of the standard should be expanded to cover other types of presses.
- Mechanical Power -- Transmission Apparatus; Mechanical Power Presses; Telecommunications; Hydrogen. Final Rules 69:31880-31882, (June 8, 2004). Corrects errors in four OSHA standards:
- The first correction deletes two references to a non existing table in the Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus Standard.
- The second is a correction of typographical errors in the Mechanical Power Presses Standard.
- The third correction is to a cross-reference in the Telecommunications Standard.
- The fourth correction is to a reference to a table contained in the Hazardous Materials Standard for Hydrogen.
- Notice of Availability of the Regulatory Flexibility Act Review of Presence Sensing Device Initiation for Mechanical Power Presses. Proposed Rules 69:31927-31929, (June 8, 2004). OSHA has conducted a review of the Presence Sensing Device Initiation (PSDI) requirements of the Mechanical Power Presses Standard pursuant to section 610 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act, and section 5 of Executive Order 12866 on Regulatory Planning and Review. Based on this review and public comments, OSHA has decided to update its mechanical power press standard to ANSI B.11.1-2001
- Mechanical Power Presses. Final Rules 53:8322-65, (March 14, 1988). Amendment of the standard for mechanical power presses, 29 CFR 1910.217, to allow (but not require) presence sensing device initiation (PSDI) on certain types of power presses.
Additional Directives
Note: The directives in this list provide additional information that is not necessarily connected to a specific OSHA standard highlighted on this Safety and Health Topics page.
- National Emphasis Program on Amputations in Manufacturing Industries. CPL 03-00-022, (December 10, 2019).
- Guidelines for Point of Operation Guarding of Power Press Brakes. CPL 02-01-025, (February 14, 1997).
- Abrasive Operation Using Cutoff Wheels and Masonry Saws. STD 01-12-026, (September 26, 1994).
- Awareness Barriers Installed on Metal Cutting Shears. STD 01-12-025, (July 12, 1994).
- Guarding of Three-Roller Printing Ink Mills. STD 01-12-023, (July 12, 1994).
- Alternative Abatement Methods of 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1) and (a)(2) As Applied to the Oil and Gas Drilling Industry. STD 01-12-028, (February 14, 1983).
- Portable Belt Sanding Machines as Covered by 29 CFR 1910.243(a)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.304(f). STD 01-13-004, (August 05, 1981).
- 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point of Operation Guarding for All Machines as Applied to the Hand-Fed Engraving Presses Used .... STD 01-12-022, (January 02, 1979).
- 29 CFR 1910.212 General Requirements for all Machines. STD 01-12-009, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.213(a)(4), Woodworking Machinery Requirements. STD 01-12-015, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.213(c)(l) and (h)(1), Woodworking Machinery Guarding Requirements. STD 01-12-018, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.213(h)(1), Radial Saw Guards. STD 01-12-017, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.215(a)(4), Abrasive Wheel Machinery Work Rests. STD 01-12-008, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.217 Mechanical Power Presses, Clarifications. STD 01-12-021, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.217 and 29 CFR 1910.212; Applicability of Platen Presses. STD 01-12-007, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.217(b)(3)(i), Mechanical Power Presses Single Stroke Mechanism Requirements. STD 01-12-020, (October 30, 1978).
- 29 CFR 1910.218 Forging Machines. STD 01-12-006, (October 30, 1978).
- Acceptable Guarding for Circular Meat Cutting Saws: 29 CFR Section 1910.212(a)(3)(ii). STD 01-12-005, (October 30, 1978).
- Application 1910.212(a)(1) to Sewing Machines in the Light Apparel Manufacturing Industries. STD 01-12-019, (October 30, 1978).
- Application of 29 CFR 1910.212(a)(1) to Food Waste Disposal Equipment. STD 01-12-010, (October 30, 1978).
- Caution Labeling of Radial Saws: 29 CFR 1910.213(h)(5). STD 01-12-004, (October 30, 1978).
- Clarification of 29 CFR 1910.219, the Terms "Enclosed" and "Fully Enclosed", as applying to Power Transmission Belts. STD 01-12-014, (October 30, 1978).
- Defining Acceptable Guarding of Fan Blades. STD 01-12-001, (October 30, 1978).
- Reduction of Air Pressure below 30 psi for Cleaning Purposes. STD 01-13-001, (October 30, 1978).
Additional Letters of Interpretation
Note: The letters in this list provide additional information that is not necessarily connected to a specific OSHA standard highlighted on this Safety and Health Topics page.
- Use of laser guarding systems with hydraulic press brakes (February 11, 2004).
- Maximum permissible guard openings for blade guards on cooling fans (August 21, 2003).
- Questions and answers about color coding machine and machine guards according to ANSI Z535.1-1990 (August 19, 2003).
- OSHA machine guarding standards and the ISO/IEC standards adopted under the GATT; National Emphasis Program on Amputations (May 13, 2003).
- Standards that apply to cotton gins (August 06, 2002).
- Request for guidance on saws operated on "cut-climb/reverse-rotation" mode (July 12, 2002).
- Guarding/hazards of using woodcutting sawblades on a cut-off machine (November 15, 1999).
- Multiple interpretations regarding mechanical power presses (May 08, 1998).
- Machine-guarding requirements (December 20, 1994).
- Presence sensing devices (PSDs) for power presses (August 11, 1994).
- Applicability of the Machine Guarding and Lockout/Tagout standards to printing presses (June 14, 1993).
- Printing Presses: requirements for normal production and servicing operations (September 16, 1992).
National Consensus
Note: These are NOT OSHA regulations. However, they do provide guidance from their originating organizations related to worker protection.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
- ANSI B11 Subcommittees. The ANSI B11 committee is responsible for developing machine tool safety standards. This document provides brief descriptions of the subcommittees and the hazards they are addressing.
- B11.1, Safety Requirements for Mechanical Power Presses
- B11.2 (R05), Hydraulic Power Presses - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
- B11.3, Safety Requirements for Power Press Brakes
- B11.4, Safety Requirements for Shears
- B11.5 (R05), Ironworkers - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
- B11.6, Safety Requirements for Manual Turning Machines with or without Automatic Control
- B11.7 (R05), Cold Headers & Cold Formers - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
- B11.8, Safety Requirements for Manual Milling, Drilling, & Boring Machines with or without Automatic Control
- B11.9 (R05), Safety Requirements for the Construction, Care, and Use of Grinding Machines
- B11.10, Safety Requirements for Metal Sawing Machines
- B11.11, Safety Requirements for Gear and Spline Cutting Machines
- B11.12, Safety Requirements for Roll Forming & Roll Bending Machines
- B11.13 (R98), Single and Multiple-Spindle Automatic Bar, and Chucking Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
- B11.14, Coil Slitting Machines - Safety Requirements for Construction, Care, and Use
- B11.15, Safety Requirements for Pipe, Tube and Shape Bending Machines
- B11.16 (MPIF #47), Safety Requirements for Powder/Metal Compacting Presses
- B11.17, Safety Requirements for Horizontal Hydraulic Extrusion Presses
- B11.18, Safety Requirements for Machines and Machinery Systems for Processing or Slitting or Non-Coiled Metal Strip, Sheet or Plate
- B11.19, Performance Criteria for Safeguarding
- B11.20, Safety Requirements for Integrated Manufacturing Systems
- B11.21, Safety Requirements for Machine Tools Using Lasers For Processing Materials
- B11.22, Safety Requirements for Turning Centers and Automatic Numerically Controlled Turning Machines
- B11.23, Safety Requirements for Machining Centers and Automatic Numerically Controlled Milling, Drilling and Boring Machines
- B11.24, Safety Requirements for Transfer Machines
- B11.TR 1, Ergonomic Guidelines for the Design, Installation And Use of Machine Tools
- B11.TR 2, Mist Control Considerations for the Design, Installation And Use of Machine Tools Using Metalworking Fluids
- B11.TR 3, Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction- A Guideline to Estimate, Evaluate and Reduce Risks Associated with Machine Tools
- B11.TR 4, Selection of Programmable Electronic Systems (PES/PLC) for Machine Tools
- B11.TR5, Sound Level Measurement Guidelines (not an approved document; in development)
- B11.TR6, Control Reliable Circuits and Servo Drive Technology


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While most Israelis had the day off on Yom Kippur, Magen David Adom paramedics had a busy day, treating 2,334 people across the country for a variety of ailments.
MDA spokesman Zaki Heller said 1,464 of those people treated were hospitalized, including 108 people who feinted while observing the Yom Kippur fast. Nine of these people had to be given CPR by paramedics.
Like every year, Yom Kippur was again Israel's national bike riding holiday, with thousands of Israelis, most of them children, taking to the deserted streets of Israeli cities on their bicycles. Also like every year, bike accidents were aplenty, with 264 minors suffering injuries, Heller said. In addition, another 18 people were hurt in 13 traffic accidents, including five who were moderately injured.
Heller also said there were three cases of people throwing rocks at ambulances driving on Israeli streets during Yom Kippur, adding that in all the incidents, the offenders were apparently non-Haredi youths.
On a more positive note, 145 pregnant women went into labor, and 5 were delivered by paramedics, according to Heller.


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The College Application Process: One Student's Perspective
You come home from school one Friday afternoon, exhausted from the draining week you've had, throwing your backpack carelessly to the floor. Between your sports games, extracurricular activities, and the immense amounts of homework you've had this week, you have barely had any time to yourself and are looking forward to a relaxing weekend. All you want to do is curl up in bed and relax for the entire weekend, but are suddenly reminded that the deadline for some of your college applications is quickly approaching, and you realize that your free time might have to be spent on completing those instead.
This scenario just became a reality for current VHS seniors.
This fall, seniors at Verona High School have begun the college application process. While some have barely started their applications, others are already close to finishing.
Verona High School senior, Sydney Theilmeier, began her application process earlier this school year. While the college application process was a little challenging at first, she eventually came up with solutions that helped keep all of her application requirements organized and up to date on the deadlines.
"It's so hard to stay on top of deadlines. Keeping a calendar of my due dates has been helpful," Theilmeier said. By putting her due dates into a calendar, she has not missed any submission deadlines, and has submitted all of her applications on time so far.
While many seniors have been told by recent high school graduates, parents, and other family members that the college application process can be a stressful time, additional factors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have made it worse for students applying this year.
"I find it's hard to make personal connections with my guidance counselors. I feel in the dark when it comes to writing my essay because I don't have the personal relationship I'd have with my counselors if we were in school normally these past few years," Theilmeier explained.
Theilmeier emphasized that something she found surprising about the college application process was how easy the Common App is to fill out. She was shocked by how self-explanatory it is and how it did not take that long to complete for each of her schools. She was also surprised that the supplements for each school were not as challenging to write as she had initially thought.
Although the college admissions process can be a daunting time for some, Theilmeier said that she has received a lot of help and guidance on many aspects of the admissions process from her guidance counselor, even with the recent changes in the department. She further explained that he has helped clear up any confusion she may have had and answered any questions that arose while she was completing her applications.
While some still may be undecided on what to major in or are still figuring out what kinds of topics or fields of study they are passionate about, Theilmeier used experiences from her real life that she enjoyed which helped her pick a major that she is passionate about pursuing. As someone who currently adores working with kids at her part time job, she decided on majoring in secondary education.


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We are looking for a talented Technical Artist that specializes in character development, rigging, and facial animation.
- Develop tools, processes, and assets for real-time characters
- Collaborate closely with character artists, technical artists, and animators
- Help streamline existing pipelines.
- Develop new pipelines for the character production process
- Should be confident in skinning and comfortable to work with blend shape library development, rigging, and exporting to the game engine.
- Complex character rigging experience in Maya in film, broadcast or game environments.
- Experience with setting up production pipelines while being able to follow guidelines
- In depth knowledge of Maya, preferably 3+ years of production experience.
- Capable of writing robust tools to streamline the character creation, setup, and export process.
- Strong background with facial animation, mocap, and scanning workflows
- Strong understanding of both Figure and Facial Anatomy
- Knowledge of Unreal Engine
- Python, OpenMaya, QT, Mel programming experience
- Familiar with Perforce
- Ability to work independently with a high level of autonomy
- Strong ability to learn new areas of development
- Proven ability to work well within a team atmosphere
- Excellent time management skills.
- Creative problem solving skills.
- Basic knowledge of C# or other higher programming language
- Knowledge of additional scripting languages: JavaScript, VB
- 3DS Max and MAXScript experience
- MotionBuilder, Faceware, and FaceFX or related software experience.
- Ability to multitask and work under deadlines.
- BS / BA degree in Computer Science, Engineering, Graphic Arts, Art or a related field preferred.
Hangar 13 is an internal 2K development studio based in four locations: Novato (California), Brighton (UK), and Brno & Prague (Czech Republic), working collaboratively as one team.
Each of our locations provides the opportunity toBravely Createon big-budget, AAA console titles in a diverse and inclusive environment.
At Hangar 13, we want people driven by curiosity — Visionaries who aren't afraid to explore new territory. Intrepid individuals who embrace the weird, the challenging, the unconventional.
We're continuing to build a space that empowers you to take risks and redefine what's possible,
Where your inquisitive nature is nourished —
A home for people who aren't satisfied with what is, but who are obsessed by what could be.
So bring your talent,
Your unique point-of-view, Your fearless tenacity,
And together, we'll Bravely Create


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By Kristin Neusel, MS, RD, LD, CDCES
It's very important to plan out your meals for the upcoming week to maintain your weight and blood-sugar levels.
Meal planning helps make cooking seem like less of a hassle, and ensures that meals are prepared on time.
Keep in mind that options may be limited in the grocery stores. Check the internet for healthy meal recipes and double up your portions.
Grocery shopping
Make sure to have enough food stocked at home to avoid making multiple trips to the grocery store.
Be on the lookout for high-fiber foods, which are key for
- Feeding healthy bacteria
- Helping you feel full longer,
- Helping manage blood-sugar levels
- Get fiber through foods like fruit, vegetables, and lentils.
- Look for "whole-grain" bread
- Another source of whole grains is plain popcorn—a great snack!
Freezer cooking
Frozen foods can last a long time and save you trips to the grocery store.
Crockpot meals are a super-easy way to cook high-fiber meals which you can store in the freezer until needed.
The best way to do this is by using a Ziploc bag with the recipe name and ingredients written on the bag .
When it's time to make your next meal, combine the already-prepped dry ingredients in the Ziploc bag with any remaining wet ingredients, and pop it in the crockpot!
Fresh fruit and veggies
These are likely stocked in grocery stores, but definitely get them while they last.
Canned and frozen fruits and veggies are also great options. The nutritional value of canned and frozen food can actually last up to a year! Just remember to check those labels for any unhealthy ingredients such as additional sodium, or syrup.
Staying active at home
Getting 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week is recommended (broken down into 30 minutes a day for 5 days/week).
Keeping up physical activity can help manage blood sugar so muscles can absorb glucose from foods that you are eating.
Taking a walk around the neighborhood or a park is also a great way to stay active and get some fresh air.
Get nutrition advice from Pendulum RD and follow Pendulum on social media
If you have any questions about the gut microbiome diet, Pendulum has registered dietitians who can help you.
Learn more about gut-microbiome health by following Pendulum on social media at the following places:


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What makes us unique is that we customize our consulting services to fit your current situation. We know that that not all solutions will be effective for every problem. That's why we will review your situation properly, assessing your credit score down to your assets and liabilities to create strategies and achievable goals for you.
Rest assured that when you work with the The Credit Expert, you can expect RESULTS.
If you want to know more about the services we offer, feel free to contact us today.


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TR turns to violence, Eli shocks Lani, Evan attacks Ciara and more on Days of Our Lives. Learn more here--->>
Photo: NBC
#14334 - Monday, May 9, 2022
TR turns to violence as his desperation grows. Lani reels from Eli's revelation. Ciara and Ben are heartsick over their missing child. Possessed Allie reveals her shocking plans for the baby to Evan.
#14335 - Tuesday, May 10, 2022
A heated confrontation involving Lani, Paulina, Abe, and TR turns deadly. EJ has a proposal for Chad. Roman tells Kate he's afraid something has happened to Sami. Kayla receives good news.
#14336 - Wednesday, May 11, 2022
Xander and Maggie make a tough decision about Sarah. Gabi entices Jake with an unexpected offer. Leo urges Gwen to help him get revenge. Victor demands an answer from Sonny.
#14337 - Thursday, May 12, 2022
Xander is stunned by Sarah's request. Anna tells Tony she's going on the run! Gwen is torn between offers from Jack and Ava. Chad and Abigail celebrate having weathered through another storm.
#14338 - Friday, May 13, 2022
Lani and Chanel worry about Paulina. A possessed Allie enlists a familiar face to help with a horrifying ritual. Johnny, Susan, and Marlena try to reach out to Allie before it's too late. Evan attacks Ciara!


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Criss Cross is a sophisticated cocktail ring. Designed with a shimmering combination of jet and clear CZ this ring certainly exudes the "X" factor. Do you have it? White Gold Rhodium Bond is achieved using an electroplating process that coats the item with heavy layers of rhodium a close cousin of platinum that costs three times as much which gives our jewelry a platinum luster.
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Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


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What are the three unforgivable sins
Here's my list of unforgivable sins: ÇMurder, torture and abuse of any human being, but particularly the murder, torture and abuse of children and animals..
What is the Biblical evidence for original sin
In traditional Christian teaching, original sin is the result of Adam and Eve's disobedience to God when they ate a forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden.
What is the deadliest sin
I'm Neal Conan in Washington. Of the seven deadly sins, theologians and philosophers reserve a special place for pride. Lust, envy, anger, greed, gluttony and sloth are all bad, the sages say, but pride is the deadliest of all, the root of all evil, and the beginning of sin.
What are the five deadly sins
Thomas Aquinas, they are (1) vainglory, or pride, (2) greed, or covetousness, (3) lust, or inordinate or illicit sexual desire, (4) envy, (5) gluttony, which is usually understood to include drunkenness, (6) wrath, or anger, and (7) sloth.
Why is envy the deadliest sin
Envy is one of the Seven deadly sins in Roman Catholicism. In the Book of Genesis envy is said to be the motivation behind Cain murdering his brother, Abel, as Cain envied Abel because God favored Abel's sacrifice over Cain's. … Envy is, therefore, a sin deeply ingrained in human nature.
What sin is Meliodas
sin of wrathMeliodas (メリオダス, Meriodasu) is the leader of the Seven Deadly Sins, who bears the sin of wrath as a Dragon symbol on his left shoulder.
What sins Cannot be forgiven by God
Several passages in the New Testament are frequently interpreted as referring to the unforgivable sin: Matthew 12:30-32: "Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. And so I tell you, any sin and blasphemy can be forgiven. But blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven.
What sins will keep you from heaven
Galatians 5:20 says, "Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresie." This second grouping of sins are those that are religious in nature. This is easily discerned by how they are grouped: Both the beginning and ending are exclusively religious.
What are the greatest sins in the Bible
According to the standard list, they are pride, greed, wrath, envy, lust, gluttony, and sloth, which are contrary to the seven heavenly virtues. These sins are often thought to be abuses or excesses of natural faculties or passions (for example, gluttony abuses the natural hunger for nourishment).
Is eating too much a sin according to the Bible
Gluttony (Latin: gula, derived from the Latin gluttire meaning "to gulp down or swallow") means over-indulgence and over-consumption of food, drink, or wealth items, particularly as status symbols. In Christianity, it is considered a sin if the excessive desire for food causes it to be withheld from the needy.
Why is sloth a deadly sin
The Catholic Church teaches that faith in God's love encompasses the call and the obligation to respond with sincere love to divine charity. Sloth is a sin against God's love in that it goes so far as to refuse the joy that comes from God and to be repelled by divine goodness.
What are the abominable sins
Proverbs 6:16–19 lists seven things which are also abominations: "haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that are swift in running to mischief, a false witness who utters lies, and one who spreads strife among brothers."


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Are you expecting increasing the dimension of your penis? While many people have embraced pills and also gels, they have actually verified much less efficient. These approaches are barely risk-free, and they can endanger your health in the lengthy run. An excellent remedy for penile extension would certainly be making use of an extension device. Picking a suitable device is daunting, yet below are the most effective three.
How To Use A Penile Traction Device
This premium penis extender enjoys rising appeal across the globe. It is a premier option for penile curvature improvement and penis enhancement. Significantly, it can extend your penis by approximately 32% within a few months.
(Purchase the device for the lowest price here)
The Quick Extender Pro utilizes the Double Band System, assuring you of controlled tension and minimal slippage. The DSS system helps distribute stress while giving considerable grip. It typically works alongside Deluxe convenience pads, which enables you to use the extender for a very long time.
This product boasts improved spring stress. Its 4000g spring pressure stress applies sufficient tension to the penis, correcting any type of deformities and also raising its dimension. This extension process remains pain-free and natural. As the spring tension creates splits in the penis, it motivates mitosis and also cytokinesis. These processes include cell generation, subsequently raising penile dimension.
This item is secure and non-invasive, as it just encourages natural cell generation. It additionally makes use of natural, synthetic materials, which are hypoallergenic. This indicates that it is a suitable choice for those with sensitive skin too.
Quick Pro Extender is fairly light-weight, suggesting you can use it for expanded durations. It additionally calls for marginal maintenance.
It is quick as well as pain-free, assuring you of incredible outcomes within 3 to 6 months. You can rely on it to deal with numerous penile curvature issues, consisting of Peyronie's illness.
ii. Phallosan ForteCHECK PRICE HERE
Phallosan Strength is a reliable penis extender that uses a vacuum cleaner guard system. It supplies you with sustainable penis expansion as well as enlargement. As an orthopedic gadget, it is an exceptional option for the prevention and also decrease of erectile dysfunction. It is typically made use of throughout treatment, generally after prostate surgical procedure.
This item comes with a vacuum stretch belt, which aids extend the penis as well. It likewise ensures that you are relatively comfy when using it. This continuous stress creates microscopic cracks in the cells, enabling the body to fill it with new material– cells. These produced cells aid in the healing procedure while expanding the penis at the same time.
The belt system aids show the tension degree. As an example, eco-friendly shows low tension while yellow programs medium stress. Red reveals that the stress degree is high, meaning you need to adjust. It also has a suction pump and also a stress gauge, which help maintain the right tension levels. The maximum tension is roughly 3 kg. This tension is fairly mild, all-natural, as well as non-invasive, assuring you of no wellness difficulties.
Phallosan Specialty is made from hypoallergenic materials, making it suitable for sensitive skin as well. These allergen-free materials make the tool suitable for the groin too. Its results vary, depending upon just how commonly as well as long you wear it. These results will be recognizable within a few months.
iii. Size Genetics Penis Extender
This penis extender is a superb option for penile size increment as well as curvature modification. Its design intends to provide you harder and also more powerful erections, improving your love life. Its surging appeal is thanks to FDA approval.
This tool boasts Multi-Directional Angling modern technology, which permits you to place it on from any type of angle. The modern technology assures you of boosted convenience and also durability. Its lightweight nature enables you to put it on for longer periods. Besides, it has a compact dimension that makes it a suitable selection for using quietly under your apparel.
Dimension Genetics flaunts 2800g tension spring-loaded joints, which is enough to extend your penis delicately. These springtimes start mild lacerations in the penis, promoting cell generation. As new cells proliferate, extra layers of skin are developed, increasing the girth and length of the penis.
This product is made from hypoallergenic products, implying it appropriates for all skin kinds. The synthetic products can not impact your skin or reveal you to health and wellness concerns. Especially, Dimension Genes assures you of incredible results within four to six months if you wear it 5 days a week.
Finally, penile extension gadgets provide much better outcomes than tablets as well as gels. They start an all-natural penile dimension increment process, making them a more secure option. The 3 gadgets stated above are secure, effective, as well as fairly affordable. Whichever you pick, you will ensure outstanding outcomes.
How To Use A Penile Traction Device
How To Grow Your Penis Safely and Naturally! This overview has numerous sensible pointers on exactly how to expand the girth and length of your penis with no hazardous tools. This might seem terrible yet it holds true: We stay in an extra masculine globe currently. Individuals, are you all set for the new era of manhood? If not, then read this guide to planet modification. I believe that you will be really shocked to see the kind of outcomes you can obtain from utilizing the proper strategies to grow your penis.
You have to recognize just how fast the penis grows. It takes around 1 month to begin seeing visible development after a month of use. The length however will boost much faster, concerning in about six weeks to a month and a fifty percent. This is also based on the method you make use of.
To get visible results, it is ideal that you grow the cells in and out. This can be done with all-natural exercise programs. Do penis stretches as well as work out to urge development. You can do these workouts anywhere, anytime. But I recommend that you do them at the comfort of your own residence so you can really see if it works. Below is a good review on a stretching program.
Exactly how to grow penis normally utilizing penis augmentation tablets is the same as extending. Obtain a good penis enhancement pill and also follow the guidelines carefully. Some men discover that taking them in time gives them the results they desire. Take care however, some pills can trigger significant adverse effects like cardiovascular disease and also stroke.
If you do not intend to take any drug, you can additionally try some other all-natural techniques that will certainly assist you expand the penis to its optimal possibility. Do penis exercises to boost blood flow to the area. They vary in difficulty however you can quickly learn the technique of your option. You can go on the internet and find guidelines or check out books about it. It does not take lengthy before you begin seeing results.
Use loose apparel when you are making love. Many guys wear tight pants which can restrict the flow of blood as well as make it harder for your penis to increase. You should also make sure that you have adequate room in between your legs. The more space you have, the a lot more blood flow will occur as well as this is important for raising the size of your penis. You should also attempt to keep your erections firm in any way times. How To Use A Penile Traction Device
One more wonderful pointer for enhancing your penis size is by utilizing herbal supplements. There are lots of brands readily available on the marketplace and a lot of them can truly help you get a larger penis. The only issue is that there are a great deal of fake supplements being marketed online. You need to be extremely mindful when getting and also make sure that the pills you are about to buy have natural active ingredients like Tribulus Terrestris.
These are just some of the tips for just how to grow penis naturally. You have to recognize that it will certainly require time and a great deal of patience. If you stick with it, you will see results in no time. Your confidence will certainly rise as well as you will certainly really feel fantastic regarding yourself. Simply do not quit.
These all-natural methods can be used by males of all ages. It is extremely effective and also will certainly aid you raise your penis size. You can even use these techniques to obtain other advantages along with obtaining more challenging erections and a better sex life. The all-natural techniques that have been confirmed to be really effective include extending workouts and also rubbing the location. You ought to constantly consult your doctor prior to beginning any brand-new exercise program or taking any natural herbs.
It can take a while for you to observe any kind of outcomes. If you are patient, after that you must anticipate to obtain a bigger penis in a couple of months time. Before you know it, you will have a 6-inch lengthy penis. You need to maintain it by performing the workouts every day and also preserving a good diet.
Now that you know some of the tips on how to expand penis naturally, you should begin adhering to a healthy and balanced diet and working out. These 2 are the main variables that you need to take care of. Other than that, the last thing you require to do is take vitamin supplements. The mix of these two will definitely offer you the result you desire. Do not fail to remember to perform your workouts often.


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The Avira software weblog is a great method to acquire regular tech support and changes on your Avira anti-virus computer software. scanguard software reviews The Avira program blog is usually free to use and is very simple to steer. It offers a totally free anti-spyware find registered users of Avira anti-virus software. It is possible to modify your blog and post individual content as well. It is also easy to subscribe to standard tech support, which is an extra00.
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The Avira computer software blog is amazingly easy to work and is packed with information about your computer's reliability. It is also liberated to subscribe to the Avira program blog. The blog is designed to help registered users of Avira anti virus software. You'd receive frequent revisions and tech support on your own Avira anti-virus and anti-spyware software. Avira's weblog is normally updated frequently and is perfect all Avira anti-virus program users totally free. There are no recurring fees to work with the Avira software web log.


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Camden Comedy Club presents:
Comedy Grotto
Camden Head, London, GB
Entry Requirements: 18+
Entry Requirements: 18+
The Comedy Grotto is a critically acclaimed comedy night with some of the best acts in the country trying out new material.
It's been tipped by The Independent and The Sunday Times, while Time Out praises its "consistently excellent line-ups" that have "comedy connoisseurs drooling".
This month's line-up Ben Target, Pope Lonergan and Louisa Keight
Alex Kealy (MC) - The Guardian's Best Jokes of Edinburgh 2019 "A storming show from the whimsical funnyman" - The Sunday Times "This is clever comedy...you've done yourself some internal damage from laughing so much" ★★★★ - Shortcom


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Oatmeal cookies are some of the most popular cookies out there. For many families, it's a bit of a tradition to bake oatmeal cookies as a dessert.
If you're just now getting used to baking oatmeal cookies, then things might not always go as planned. When you're an inexperienced baker, it's going to be easy to make a few mistakes.
Many people have a hard time baking oatmeal cookies because they wind up going flat. What would cause these cookies to become flat?
Read on to get information about why oatmeal cookies might turn out flat. This should help you to figure out a way to turn things around so that you can enjoy the most delicious cookies possible.
1 – You Didn't Refrigerate the Cookie Dough
One thing that can help your cookies to turn out better is to use cold dough. If you mix your cookie dough and bake the cookies right away, then it might be more likely that the cookies will turn out flat.
To mitigate this issue, it'll be good to refrigerate the cookie dough for a while before getting started. You could try refrigerating the dough for a couple of hours to be safe.
Some people say that it'd be better to allow the dough to refrigerate overnight. This might not be practical if you want to bake cookies that the family can enjoy today, though.
It should be fine to refrigerate the dough for at least one hour. This will do a good job of helping the cookies to turn out well.
2 – The Butter Melted
Why is refrigerating cookie dough important? It's mostly because the butter will melt if you don't.
Butter doesn't take that long to melt, and if the butter melts before you can get the cookies in the oven, it's going to make the cookies turn out flat. This is an annoying issue that causes many people to get frustrated.
The easiest solution to the problem is to refrigerate the cookie dough to ensure that things are very cool. Another way to handle this is to use shortening instead of butter.
Shortening doesn't melt quite as easily as butter does. You could probably get away with not refrigerating the cookie dough if you choose to use shortening instead of butter.
However, many people prefer the taste of butter. If you think that the cookies will be much more delicious if you use butter, then it'll be worth it to refrigerate the dough for a little while.
3 – Don't Beat the Dough Too Much
New bakers will sometimes get overzealous when beating the dough. You might think that beating the dough more will make the cookies turn out better, but it can actually be detrimental.
If you're beating things by hand or using an electric hand mixer, then you should pay attention to how you're doing things. You'll be spending a fair amount of time creaming the butter and sugar, but you don't want to go overboard once you add in the eggs.
Blending things too much once the eggs have been added can make the cookies turn out worse. It'll make the cookies more likely to turn out flat, but it can also cause other problems.
You'll also want to try not to get too distracted if you're using a stand mixer. Some people make the mistake of turning the stand mixer on and allowing it to mix the cookie dough while you handle something else.
If you aren't careful, then you could leave the dough in the mixing bowl for way too long. The mixer will just keep going until you remember to stop it.
It's probably safer to mix cookie dough by hand using manual strength or a simple electric hand mixer. You can use a stand mixer if you want, but you'll just need to do your best to avoid letting the dough mix for too long.
4 – Ensure That the Cookie Sheets Are Room Temperature
Using cookie sheets that are too hot might cause you to get worse results. You're trying to bake cookies fast, and this means that you're probably pulling cookie sheets out of the oven and plopping more cookie dough right back on them.
Allowing the sheets to cool first would actually be the better thing to do. You see, putting the cookie dough on a hot pan will make the butter start melting.
As you learned earlier, hot butter is going to cause the cookies to spread, and this will make your cookies turn out flat. If you want oatmeal cookies that turn out properly, then it's best to use room-temperature pans.
If it isn't convenient to wait around for the cookie sheets to cool down, then you might wish to consider buying more of them. Having several cookie sheets ready to go will ensure that you're always able to put cookie dough on room temperature sheets.
Otherwise, you'll just have to exercise patience. It might be a bit annoying, but you'll just have to wait it out.
5 – Use Parchment Paper
Parchment paper can help you to get better results, too. Essentially, using parchment paper will help to protect the bottom of the cookies.
It makes it so that the cookies will bake evenly. You'll be able to reduce instances of spreading, and it'll be far less likely that the cookies will burn.
You should be able to enjoy cookies that are browned to perfection if all goes as planned. Parchment paper doesn't cost much money either.
It's going to be worth spending a few bucks to make baking cookies easier. You won't have to spend much time lining the cookie sheets, and you'll be glad that you decided to use the parchment paper.
6 – Make Your Dough Balls a Bit Tall
Finally, you might wish to consider making your dough balls a bit taller than normal. Many people choose to form the cookie dough into perfectly round balls.
This might be what you're used to doing, but you might get better results by not forming perfectly round balls. Try making them somewhat oblong so that the balls of dough are a bit taller than usual.
When the cookies bake, it should be less likely that they will be flat. You'll get a more normal cookie that has the dimensions that you're hoping for.
You won't have a hard time making the balls of dough slightly taller either. It's another simple thing that you can do that will make a difference.
Final Thoughts
Oatmeal cookies that turn out flat can be a bit disappointing. If you've had a tough time getting your cookies to turn out perfectly as of late, then the tips above should help.
You might want to try refrigerating the dough for a while so that melting butter doesn't become a huge problem. It's also possible to make things easier by using shortening instead of dough.
Not everyone is going to like shortening as much as traditional butter, though. This means that refrigerating the dough for at least an hour before utilizing it is the way to go.
You could also be careful about how you're forming your dough balls. Making them a bit taller should ensure that they won't flatten out too much.
It'd be wise to place the dough onto cookie sheets that are room temperature. Putting dough on hot cookie sheets will cause the butter to melt prematurely, and this leads to flat cookies.
Using parchment paper should help you to get the cookies to bake evenly, too. This is an inexpensive way to make baking cookies easier.
Take all of this information and use it to your advantage. You'll be snacking on tasty oatmeal cookies with your family and friends before too long.
Sarah is the founder of Baking Kneads, LLC, a blog sharing guides, tips, and recipes for those learning how to bake. Growing up as the daughter of a baker, she spent much of her childhood learning the basics in a local bakery.


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Rathbone Youth Club, based at the Old Library on Knights Hill, has been successful in getting a grant from the Home Office Anti-Knife Crime Community Fund. As a result they are recruiting sessional youth workers to be based in West Norwood.
For Job Description and how to apply, please visit the website www.rathbonesociety.org.uk and click on 'Jobs'.


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How to Make Back to School Feel Normal
Well, this is going to be one of the weirdest and most stressful back to school season's yet. As a parent, our job is often to smooth out the rough spots. Now is the time to make back to school feel as normal as possible to set our kids up for academic and emotional success in a VERY unusual school year. We're teaming up with Mabel's Labels to come up with a back to school checklist for you to help guide you through these next stressful weeks. Note: this post contains affiliate links and we may earn commissions off your purchases.
How to Make Back to School Feel Normal Checklist
No matter how you are starting the school year, you are still mom, and that means you've got to stay on top of running your family. Here's a helpful list of mom-reminders (dads, feel free to jump on these too).
- Start on doctor's appointments. Most doctors are taking patients again. Set up your check-ups with the pediatrician and the dentist. Don't forget the flu shot. Momtrends Tip: We might all be thinking about COVID, but the regular old flu is coming too.
- Set up a family calendar. We use a combo of a weekly whiteboard and google calendars to manage everyone's schedule. Momtrends Tip: Don't forget to schedule in date nights just for the grown-ups.
- Instill a Bedtime Routine. I know our family makes the most of the long days of summer. Right about now we start getting to bed a tad bit earlier each night to prep for school. Momtrends Tip: Check out this article about sleep routines.
- Sort and Organize Closets. Each summer I'm amazed that my girls seem to grow a few inches. All the jeans seem too short and those rain boots are too small. Since we are investing in new clothes, we want to hang on to them, First, go through the closet and assess what needs to be donated and what you need to restock. Momtrends Tip: After you've completed your back to school shopping haul, be sure to label everything with Mabel's Labels Tag Mates (70 labels for $21). Tag Mates™ are laundry-safe, peel-and-stick clothing labels that require no ironing or sewing. Personalize the color, icon and font.
- Stock up on School Supplies. No matter which of the three options you pick --hybrid, in-person and virtual-- you'll still need supplies. And this year more than any other year, you want to make sure your child has clearly labeled supplies. Momtrends Tip: Even small stuff like pens and glue sticks can be labeled with Mabel's Label's Small Rectangle Labels (80 labels for $18.99, pick from hundreds of personalization options).
- Create Wellness Caddies. New this year will be the wellness caddy. You need these at home or in your child's cubby or locker. Include hand sanitizer (screen wipes for teens), tissues, masks, wipes. Momtrends Tip: Have your kids help pick out masks. They are more likely to wear fun colors and prints like colorful Mabel's Labels kids face masks.
Things to Keep on Hand for the 2020 School Year
And finally, as you prep for this unusual school year, here are a few more things to consider before we head into fall.
6 Ways to De-bloat After Thanksgiving
We love Thanksgiving but it does come with a feeling of being bloated and full for days. While it may be a day to indulge, but there are a few secrets to beat the unwanted bloat that comes with it. Check out these tips from Peak Performance trainer Jessi Kneeland before, during ...read more
10 Survival Tips to Ease Flu Symptoms
You've done everything you could to keep your family healthy this winter, but a cold or the flu has infiltrated your house anyway. Now what? I'm guessing you'd typically grab your laptop or smart phone and search for remedies. Well, you don't have to now. Just bookmark this post ...read more
Spiked Dark Hot Chocolate
Oh wow, another spiked hot chocolate recipe, right? Wrong. This hot chocolate is like nothing else I've come across online. It is, however, based on a delicious beverage from the French Broad Chocolate Factory in Asheville, NC. Prior to having my son, my husband and I lived in ...read more
- Extra art supplies--there will be set backs and school closures. Be ready with projects ready to go. Consider subscription boxes for things like robotics, art supplies or building. A "rainy day" stash will come in handy.
- Personal Hydration & Snacking Systems--Kids will need plenty of water bottles and snack containers--water fountains and vending machines are a thing of the past. Now it's all about personal containers. Stock up on good water bottles for your kids and label them with Mabel's Labels.
- Homework stations-- make sure everyone in the house has a designated work area. If the work area does double-duty as a table, be sure each child has a caddy to clean up and organize his/her work.
- Inspiration--there will be tough days. Keep a smile on the faces of your children with a little treat here and there. I love the Mabel's Washaway Lunch Box Notes (set of 24 for $17), a personalized peel-and-stick label you can adhere to the outside of your kid's lunch container every morning so you can write them a daily message.
How the Lunch Box Notes Work
Mabel's Labels Washaway Lunch Box Notes are a personalized peel-and-stick label you can adhere to the outside of your kid's lunch container every morning so you can write them a daily message. Since we are back to packing lunches, this is a fun way to put a positive spin on the situation.
When the label is ready to get washed, it will disintegrate quickly in water, either in the dishwasher or sink– no soaking or scrubbing required.
With the right attitude, and the right supplies, we're going to get through this together.
Momtrends was not paid for this post. We were given some samples. Note: this post contains affiliate links and we may earn commissions off your purchases.


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Part 1: Bibliographic Entry
Written by Masoud Movahed. "Does Capitalism Have to Be Bad for the Environment?" World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/02/does-capitalism-have-to-be-bad-for-the-environment/.
Part 2: Background and Credibility of Author & Source
Masoud Movahed is a Researcher in development economics at New York University. He also contributes to Harvard Economics Review, Yale Journal of International Affairs, and Al Jazeera English.
Part 3: Precis
In this article, author Masoud Mohaved argues about the negative, exploitative aspects of capitalism and provides potential solutions and alternative means of "combatting specific issues. The author also writes about the harmful impacts of capitalism on the environment and provides the insight that capitalism in and of itself does not provide the means to tackle environmental exploitation, suggesting that it's in capitalism's very nature to be exploitative.
Part 4: Reflection
As a Marxist who believes the only way to tackle capitalism is to abolish the system entirely, I found this article and its watered-down approach to anti-capitalist rhetoric very interesting. I find it fascinating that many people who critique capitalism and attempt to provide solutions to capitalist issues do so through the framework of capitalism. However, by admitting that capitalism in its nature is exploitative, there is no way for capitalism and environmental justice to coexist.
Part 5: Quotables
"As the economic sociologist Erik Wright of the University of Wisconsin-Madison said, one way of cutting cost is to project some of that cost onto the environment."
"Therefore, mass consumption – or consumerism – is not merely a cultural phenomenon. It is embedded in the core tenets of capitalism as an economic system."
"… the market mechanisms under capitalism do not provide incentives for preserving the environment."


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The one thing a car buyer wants when they purchase a new or used car is reliability. They want their cars to start immediately and not break down on the road and leave everyone stranded.
Manufacturers' warranties on new cars take care of this problem for several years, in most brands up to three years. But what happens in the years after the original warranty expires? That's when the subject of buying an extended warranty comes up.
But does it make sense to purchase an extended warranty? Is it worth the cost? Let's look at the pros and cons and find out if it would be a wise decision for you to purchase an extended warranty from a car dealership or a third-party warranty company.
What Is Covered by a Manufacturer's Warranty?
A manufacturer's warranty for most brands of new cars is usually for three years or 36,000 miles, whichever comes first. However, Hyundai and Kia have broken out of the pack and upped their bumper-to-bumper coverage to five years or 60,000 miles.
Brands that have a reputation for high reliability – such as Toyota, Honda, Mazda and Lexus – offer warranties of three years or 36,000 miles.
Three other brands – Cadillac, Tesla and Lincoln – are now offering warranties up to four years or 50,000 miles. This is obviously an attempt to attract buyers by offering warranties higher than the other brands.
In addition, most car manufacturers offer a powertrain warranty that covers up to five years or 60,000 miles and begins after the original bumper-to-bumper warranty expires. A powertrain warranty covers anything that goes wrong with the car's engine transmission and suspension, which are typically expensive repair jobs. The good news is that this powertrain warranty is free; you don't have to pay for it.
Read More: What Does a Bumper-to-Bumper Warranty on a Car Mean?
What Is an Extended Warranty?
An extended warranty is a plan that would pay for certain repair costs on your car and usually picks up coverage after the manufacturer's warranty expires. Most extended warranties are not as extensive and do not cover the same parts as the manufacturer's original warranty. You have to read each contract to find the level of coverage.
Extended warranties do not cover routine maintenance, such as new tires, oil changes and brake replacements. Some warranties offer additional benefits, such as roadside assistance, but they are separate purchases.
Peace of mind is the most common reason to purchase an extended auto warranty, also known as a vehicle service contract.
According to a survey from Consumer Reports, 55 percent of the people who bought an extended warranty never used it and only one-quarter indicated that they would buy one again.
Even those survey participants who used their warranty to pay for covered vehicle repairs found that the cost for the repairs was less than the cost of the warranty.
The most satisfied consumers were those who purchased extended warranty plans for the least reliable brands: Mercedes, BMW, Chrysler, Dodge. They used their extended warranties most frequently to cover expensive repairs.
The least satisfied consumers were the ones who purchased extended warranty plans for the most reliable brands: Mazda, Honda, Lexus and Toyota.
Read More: Tips on Buying a New Car With Cash
How Much Does an Extended Warranty Cost?
The cost for extended warranties ranges from $1,000 to $3,000 and varies depending on the insurers' expectations about the reliability and expected future repairs that will be needed for your car.
Some extended warranties require you to pay a deductible. These deductibles can be applied on a per-repair basis or a per-warranty service visit. If a problem can't be fixed in a single visit, you could wind up paying multiple deductibles for a single repair problem.
Read More: Car Buying Rules On a Three-Day Grace Period
When To Buy an Extended Warranty
If you're buying a new car, you don't have to purchase an extended warranty at the time you purchase the car. You can wait for the 36,000-mile factory warranty to expire and then purchase an extended warranty if you want. By that time, you'll have a pretty good idea of how the car is performing and what maintenance will be needed.
Think of it this way. Why would you pay someone $1,500 today for a product that you won't use for at least three years?
Besides, if you purchase an extended warranty when you buy the car, the dealer will probably include the cost of the contract in your loan, and you'll wind up paying interest on the cost of your contract.
There's no reason to purchase an extended warranty when you buy the car; you can wait until the original manufacturer's warranty expires and then purchase the extended warranty if you feel it's needed.
If you're buying a used car from a dealer, the original manufacturer's warranty may have expired and purchasing an extended warranty could make sense. If you are purchasing a certified pre-owned vehicle through a dealer, that used vehicle probably already comes with some form of extended warranty
How long do you plan to keep the car? If you're going to keep the car for less than three years, then you will still be covered by the manufacturer's warranty and have no need to add extended warranty coverage.
On the other hand, if you are going to keep the car for five years, six years or more, then you could consider buying an extended warranty.
Is an Extended Warranty Worth the Cost?
The major benefit and selling point of an extended warranty is that it can save you money if your car has to have an expensive repair that the contract covers. In this case, you would only be responsible to pay the deductible and the warranty would cover the rest. However, the likelihood of incurring such an expensive repair bill is not very high. It could happen, but it's not likely.
Many consumers who purchase extended warranties never use them.
Statistics show that the cost of new car repairs ranges from $400 to $600. If you purchased an extended warranty for $1,500, and it pays for $600 in repairs, then you've lost money.
You have to decide for yourself if the cost of the extended warranty is worth the peace of mind against the probability you will have to use it versus your ability to pay out of pocket for repairs if you don't have a warranty.
The best strategy is to buy a reliable car and keep it properly maintained. These days, a car can last more than 200,000 miles with proper maintenance and not suffer any expensive breakdowns.
Instead, put the $1,500 cost of an extended warranty in a savings account and use it to make any repairs that come up. If you don't use the money, you can use it as a down payment on your next car.
The decision of whether to buy an extended car warranty boils down to having peace of mind. Financially, it's hard to justify purchasing an extended warranty if you own a reliable car brand like Honda, Toyota or Lexus that may not need many repairs. On the other hand, if you are driving a car with a history of needing frequent auto repairs, then purchasing an extended car warranty could make sense, maybe even adding separate coverage for roadside assistance for more security.
Writer Bio
James Woodruff has been a management consultant to more than 1,000 small businesses. As a senior management consultant and owner, he used his technical expertise to conduct an analysis of a company's operational, financial and business management issues. James has been writing business and finance related topics for work.chron, bizfluent.com, smallbusiness.chron.com and e-commerce websites since 2007. He graduated from Georgia Tech with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering and received an MBA from Columbia University.


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How to Travel to the United States
There are many reasons to travel to the United States. Not only does the country have some of the world's best attractions, it's also the third most populous. The US government website, Visit USA, provides information and guidance for travelers planning a trip to the United States. The site also points out travel offers relevant to UK citizens. If you're interested in visiting the US, consider the following tips. Read on to learn more about US travel.
Vaccines: While the United States is known for its healthy lifestyle, it is still a good idea to get the appropriate vaccinations before visiting the country. Though there are no mandatory vaccinations, the CDC does report outbreaks of disease that may affect travelers. Ensure that you're covered by vaccinations to avoid contracting any current outbreaks. The CDC also reports on the latest cases of a number of illnesses, and provides information about recommended vaccines and health precautions for travelers.
The US government has updated its travel vaccination requirements for COVID-19. Visitors must take a viral test within three to five days of arriving in the US. Certain states have their own requirements, and they may change daily depending on the COVID-19 transmission rate. However, if you are traveling for work, school, or a medical appointment, be sure to take the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, it is important to have your vaccination certificate handy when you arrive to the US.
Immigrants living in the US may invite relatives or friends to visit them. Parents visiting their children in the US may also qualify for a visitor visa, or B1/B2 visa. Obtaining a sponsored trip may also make the process simpler. It is best to apply well in advance before your trip. If you have a pressing need, you can request a fast-track interview to be in the US without delay. And in case of an emergency, the US Embassy in London may be able to help you out with the process.
When you are flying to the USA, it is vital to understand the customs procedures. The immigration officer will require a passenger form and passport. The form must be presented at the check-in counter and should be available for collection at the airport. If you're traveling with children, a parent or guardian should complete the form on their behalf or a legal representative. For other passengers, an authorised individual can fill out the form on their behalf.
If you are a permanent resident of Canada, you will probably need to apply for a nonimmigrant visa from the United States before travelling to the USA. However, you'll still need a valid passport for your home country. You may even want to consider getting two passports. Dual nationality is an option that will simplify the visa process. For example, if you're planning a trip from Cuba, you can apply for a visa at the time of arrival.
If you are flying internationally, it's important to provide your contact information to the airline. This is because your contact information may be required for follow-up on exposure to contagious diseases in the United States. Failure to do so may lead to criminal penalties. You'll need to self-quarantine for at least 5 days following your trip, and you'll need to follow additional guidelines as well. If you are concerned about your health, you'll find useful information on the CDC's website. And if you're unsure of what vaccinations are needed, you can always check the U.S. Department of State's website.
When it comes to medical insurance, you should consider buying visitor health insurance. This insurance plan will reimburse you for emergency medical care in US hospitals, and you can even use it to purchase prescribed medicines during your trip. You'll need to bring a valid prescription for any medicines you're planning on using. But the insurance policy should also cover your emergency evacuation. If you have a preexisting condition, you should consider getting a travel medical insurance plan.


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Wednesday, July 22, 2020
June 2020 Analysis: Cume & Coronavirus (Part 2). TALKERS magazine managing editor Mike Kinosian presents part two of how cume (based on Nielsen Audio data from the June 2020 PPM survey) has been trending for radio stations during the COVID-19 pandemic with today's focus on sports talk. Kinosian's previous four analyses from the June 2020 survey have used weekly AQH share as the metric. Entercom's WFAN, New York was the top-ranked sports talk station during the June PPM survey based on cume (547,700) with the company's WIP, Philadelphia in second place (375,000). iHeartMedia's KXFN, Minneapolis rounds out the top three (350,500). In this report, see which sports talk stations gained cume and which lost it compared to the May 2020 PPM survey, plus more here.
WABC, New York Adds Weekend Programming. New York City news/talk "TALKRADIO 77 WABC announces it is adding three programs to its weekend schedule. The Red Apple Media-owned station adds "The Jeanine Pirro Show" – starring FOX News Channel personality Judge Jeanine Pirro – to the Sunday lineup airing from 11:00 am to 12:00 noon. Former New York City police commissioner Bernard Kerik launches "Bernie Kerik, Behind The Badge" airing from 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm on Saturdays (produced in conjunction with Lapcom Communications), and "The Walter Sterling Show" on Saturdays from 9:00 pm to 10:00 pm. All three shows are being simulcast on WLIR-FM, Hampton Bays (Long Island). Station program director David LaBrozzi says, "New Yorkers want compelling content throughout the weekend and that's what we're going to deliver. Jeanine and Bernie are well-known to our audience and perceived as champions for New York. Walter's syndicated show has done well in other markets and I'm delighted that he is doing a local New York show exclusively for WABC."
TALKERS News Notes. According to a story in the San Jose Mercury News, news radio pro Susan Leigh Taylor is retiring from her morning drive position at Entercom's KCBS-AM, San Francisco on Friday (7/24), capping a 47-year radio career that includes more than 20 years at KCBS-AM. Taylor co-hosts the morning program with Stan Bunger…..iHeartMedia announces that it and Because – the vendor of direct-to-consumer personal care products for consumers 65-plus – have entered into multi-year, multi-million dollar strategic marketing partnership. iHeartMedia EVP of corporate development & ventures Peter Volynsky says, "We are proud to partner with a company that is dedicated to enhancing the lives of older adults, offering a seamless way to access essential products and services that provide comfort, while also improving their quality of life. With our massive reach, iHeartMedia will help build awareness of these valuable personal care products and the convenience proposition that Because offers to millions of seniors and their families across the country."…..This week's Westwood One Blog shares podcast revenue data and forecasts for the segment. One source is the most recent podcast advertising revenue report from the Interactive Advertising Bureau and PricewaterhouseCoopers. That report projects 2020 podcast revenues "will come in at 94% of last year's prediction: The current 2020 podcast revenue forecast of $814M is only 6% less than what IAB/PwC predicted for 2020 last year at this time ($863M)." It also notes that "podcast ad revenues soared +48% from 2018 to 2019: The +48% rate of growth from 2018 to 2019 was nothing short of stunning. While the COVID-19 crisis has tempered 2020 growth rates, IAB/PwC still predicts a +15% lift in 2020 revenues."…..Edison Research reports that its ongoing "Share of Ear" study finds that Americans' digital device listening has crossed the 50% threshold during COVID-19 disruptions. Edison says that prior to the COVID-19 disruptions, "55% of the daily total share of time spent listening by those in the U.S. age 13 and older was done on traditional, more linear devices, and 45% was done on digital devices. During Q2 2020, 53% of the daily total share of time spent listening was on digital devices." The "digital/on-demand" devices in the Share of Ear study include smartphones, computers, internet-connected televisions, and smart speakers. These are essentially the devices that Americans use to stream or listen to audio files on demand. The "traditional or non-linear devices" include AM/FM receivers, SiriusXM receivers, CD players, turntables, or TV channels like Music Choice.
COVID-19 Statistics & Projections, Portland Unrest/Chicago Shootings, Trump's Use of Federal Agents, GOP Relief Bill, Schools Opening Debate, Chinese Hackers Seeking Vaccine Data/Houston Consulate Ordered Closed, Ohio Bribery Scheme, Twitter's QAnon Ban, and U.S. Sports Leagues Plan Seasons Among Top News/Talk Stories Yesterday (7/21). The outbreak of COVID-19 cases in numerous states, projections for future cases, and President Trump's first COVID-19 presser in three months; the civil unrest in Portland and the spate of shootings in Chicago; the controversy over Trump's use of federal agents in Portland; the Republican-authored pandemic relief bill; the debate over opening schools in the fall; U.S. intelligence reports that Chinese hackers are trying to get U.S. vaccine data and the U.S.'s ordering of the closure of the Chinese consulate in Houston; the alleged $60 million bribery and money laundering scheme involving Ohio's House Speaker and three others; Twitter bans 7,000 QAnon-linked accounts; and U.S. pro sports leagues prepare to hold games were some of the most-talked-about stories on news/talk radio yesterday, according to ongoing research from TALKERS magazine.
Music Radio News and Career Moves. In Atlanta, Entercom's hip hop WVEE "V-103" moves afternoon drive personality Big Tigger to morning drive as host of "The Morning Culture with Big Tigger" and brings Kenny Burns back to the air staff for afternoon drive. Burns – an entrepreneur, producer, and author – hosted a program from 2011 through 2013. Entercom Atlanta SVP and market manager Rick Caffey says, "During his time with us at 'V-103,' I have seen Big Tigger take over Atlanta as a premier talent and generous community activist who is connected to the people. We believe he will bring his high energy and creativity to mornings at the station. Just as important, we see Kenny Burns bringing his added years of experience, industry work, and current show success to the station and we're excited to welcome him back."…..The internationally syndicated "Sunday Night Slow Jams" program adds Entercom's CHR WEZB, New Orleans "B97" to its affiliate station roster…..iHeartMedia Phoenix adult contemporary KEZ, is planning "KEZ Christmas In July" this Saturday (7/25). Station PD Paul Kelley says, "In March, when we were first ordered to stay home, our worlds were turned upside down, but then KEZ played Christmas music on the weekends and our listeners responded positively. It's July and it's 110 degrees in Phoenix, and Johnny Mathis is on the radio – sounds pretty on track for 2020, doesn't it?"…..Louisville public radio personality Duke Meyer is semi-retiring from Louisville Public Media's alternative WFPK. Meyer, who's been with the station since 2002, will continue to host the Saturday classic rock program, "Relics."