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Group 22 - Beginner Cruiser Motorcycle
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MAE277 22 09 (Talk | contribs) (→Product Dissection Plan) |
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==Gate 2: PRELIMINARY PRODUCT REVIEW== | ==Gate 2: PRELIMINARY PRODUCT REVIEW== | ||
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The following link will direct you to Group 22's Product Dissection Plan which inludes: | The following link will direct you to Group 22's Product Dissection Plan which inludes: | ||
:* Step By Step dissassembly of: | :* Step By Step dissassembly of: |
Revision as of 02:52, 16 December 2009
Contents |
Group 22 and Group 21 are going to disassemble a beginner Cruiser Motorcycle. Our group (Group 22) will disassemble the back half of the motorcycle while Group 21 will disassemble the front half of the motorcycle. Both groups will work simultaneously on the engine ensuring that it is done carefully and that it only needs to be reassembled once.
Gate 1: Request for Proposal
The following link will direct you to Group 22's Gate 1 page which includes:
- Group information
- Request for proposal
- Gantt Chart
- Initial Product Assessment
Gate 2: PRELIMINARY PRODUCT REVIEW
The following link will direct you to Group 22's Product Dissection Plan which inludes:
- Step By Step dissassembly of:
- The Rear End of Bike
- The Brake System
- The Engine Block
- Difficulty of each step
- Causes for Corrective Action
- *For Front end Dissassembly see Group 21
Component Summary
Component Summary Chart
Component Name | Sub Part Name | Number Of Parts | Materials | Manufacturing Process |
Back Fender | 1 | Aluminum | Die Casting, Bending | |
Fender Bracket | 2 | Steel | Die Casting, Trimming | |
Back Wheel Axel | 1 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Back Wheel Assembly | Central Hub | 1 | Steel | Injection Molding |
Tire | 1 | Rubber | Injection Molding | |
Drive Gear | 1 | Steel | Hot Forming | |
Brake System Bracket | 2 | Steel | Injection Molding | |
Brake Shoes | 2 | Steel | Injection Molding | |
Drum Break | 1 | Steel | Injection Molding | |
10mm bolts | 4 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Fuel Line | 1 | Plastic | Injection Molding | |
Vapor Line | 1 | Plastic | Injection Molding | |
Wing Nut | 3 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Plastic Air Filter | Cover | 1 | Plastic | Injection Modeling |
12mm Nuts | 1 | Plastic | Die Casting | |
Gasket | 2 | Plastic | Injection Molding | |
Springs | 2 | Stainless Steel | Hot Rolled Forming | |
Connecting Rod | 1 | Aluminum | Drilling, Die Casting | |
Phillips Head Screw | 1 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Carburetor | 1 | Zinc | Die Casting, Taping | |
Heat Shield | 1 | Aluminum | Die Casting | |
Hand Brake Assembly | Hand Brake | 3 | Aluminum | Die Casting |
9mm Screws | 2 | Steel | Die Casting | |
9mm Nut | 1 | Steel | Die Casting | |
9mm Washer | 2 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Kickstand Assembly | Kickstand | 1 | Steel | Injection Modeling |
10 mm Bolt | 5 | Steel | Die Casting | |
10 mm Nut | 1 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Engine to Frame Assembly | 12 mm Screw | 8 | Steel | Die Casting |
12 mm Bolt | 4 | Steel | Die Casting | |
12 mm Nut | 4 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Chain | 2 | Carbon Steel | Die Casting | |
Pull Start Assembly | 8 mm Screw | 3 | Steel | Die Casting |
8 mm Washer | 3 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Large Coil Spring | 1 | Stainless Steel | Hot Rolled Forming | |
Small Spring | 2 | Stainless Steel | Hot Rolled Forming | |
Clutch | 1 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Fuel Tank | 1 | Aluminum | Injection Molding | |
Magneto Assembly | 12 mm bolts | 2 | Steel | Die Casting |
Grounding Wire | 1 | Copper | ||
Exhaust | 12 mm bolts | 2 | Steel | Die Casting |
Spark Plug | Metal Casing | 1 | Nickel | Die Casting, Cold Forming |
Fly Wheel | Fly Wheel | 1 | Steel | Die Casting |
19mm Nut | 1 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Plastic Cover | 1 | Plastic | Injection Molding | |
Motor Head Assembly | Motor Head | 1 | Cast Iron | Die Casting |
10mm screws | 4 | Steel | Die Casting | |
Push Rods | 2 | Steel | Injection Molding |
Reasons for Materials Used:
- Aluminum was used because it is cheap and fairly strong and doesn't need to withstand any heavy collisions. Also, Aluminum was used because it is not that great of a conductor of heat, and is used as the material for the heat shield.
- The plastic was used where liquid was involved and where the parts needed to move a little bit. The plastic allows some sway and movement with the parts, and is strong enough to handle some wear and tear. The plastic is also used because it is a cheap alternative to other types of materials, and it can be replaced easily with little or no cost.
- Stainless steel was used in the springs as most springs are made of stainless steel according to www.indspring.com/material.html. Stainless steel was used because it is a very strong type of metal, and is very resistive to wear and tear, and will last a long time.
- Zinc was used in the carburetor as most carburetors use zinc according to www.alibaba.com/product-gs/.../JAWA350_6V_Carburetor.html.
Detailed Component Summary
- The seat is manufactured first by welding a metal frame together. Then foam is placed on the frame and is held on by a leather seat cover which is stretched over the top of the frame and stapled underneath. Bolts then go through the frame on the bottom to be attached to the bike. ( ½ inch wrench used twice, and ¾ inch wrench used once.)
- Material is foam used for the comfort of the rider. It is covered by leather to protect the foam and add comfort. The metal frame gives the seat its shape and support.
- Since it is placed on the top-most part of the bike the only force constraints on it is itself. If there is a rider then there is a constraint right on top with a force of about 1962 N (200lbs * 9.81)
- The material affects the manufacturing, because the different materials add steps to the creation. It could be simplified by just making the seat out of plastic. However, the stability and comfort of the seat is lower greatly.
- The shape is pretty complex. The foam and leather has to bend around the metal frame, which can cause complications if the foam and leather doesn't lay right.
- The shape is specific to the comfort of the rider when he or she sits.
- The seat was manufactured for comfort and stability.
- The seat has a form and a function. The form is important because it is on the outside of the bike, so it has to mesh with the rest of the bike and look good to the eye. The function of the seat is comfort for the rider.
- The component is semi complex due to the different materials and shape.
Back Fender
- The back fender was manufactured by a machine stamping out the shape of it from a flat piece of sheet metal. The machine trims and bends the sheet metal into its desired shape. Finally holes are drilled on the sides where bolts will go. The fender is then primed and coated with its paint finish. (9mm socket wrench was used four times)
- The material used for the fender is a thin metal. The reason it is thin is to cut down on weight. Also the fender is to give the wheel extra protection as well as give the bike a more appealing looks.
- No force is applied to the fender except its own weight which probably weighs 2 pounds.
- The material makes the manufacturing process very simple as it is a simple thin metal plate formed into a shape.
- The shape calls for the metal to be formed into its curved shape.
- The manufacturing of thin metal was to cut down on weight and the shape was for appeal.
- The shape of the fender was to give the wheel the best protection, so the fender has a curve that goes with the wheel.
- The fender has function and form. The function is the protection of the wheel, and the form is how it appeals to people.
- The manufacturing was not too complex because the part is not important to the function of the bike.
- The complexity of the part is minimal, and is one of the simplest parts on the bike.
Fender Bracket (x2)
- The fender brackets were very simply punched out of thick sheet metal by machine. Both brackets are exactly the same, so we know it was made by a machine.
- The material of the brackets is thick metal. The brackets hold the fender to the frame of the bike, so the thickness gives it strength and support.
- The brackets share the weight of the fender, which we assumed weighs around 2 pounds so the force on each bracket is 9.81 Newton.
- The manufacturing of the brackets is very simple as the metal is just trimmed and punched with holes. No bending or painting of the part.
- The shape doesn't affect the manufacturing process.
- The manufacturing of the thick metal was to hold the fender to the frame. The thickness gives it stronger support.
- The component only has a function. Since it is hidden underneath the fender it has no point to look good.
- The manufacturing is very simple since its one step and is a small part.
- The complexity is extremely minimal.
Back Wheel Axel
- The axel is manufactured by steel being molded into a rod. At one end there is a cap that is 12mm. It is in the shape of a nut so a wrench can be used to tighten and loosen it. The other end is threaded. (One 9mm socket wrench, and a 12mm wrench is used each once.)
- The material of the axel is thick heavy steel. The axel is made very thick to hold up half the weight of the bike.
- If we assume the bike as a whole weighs 200 pounds then force acting on the back axel is about 981 Newton.
- The manufacturing of the axel is multiple steps and not very simple. The molding into a rod is simple, but the molding of the cap on the end is additional work. There is an extra step of the axel having to be threaded to hold the nut on the other side.
- The shape is very important. The axel has to fit the wheel and all the washers that go on it. If the size is off the bike's efficiency will be lowered or not work at all.
- The manufacturing of the axel is to hold the wheel to the frame of the bike. It also has to be able to hold up the weight of the bike and the rider, so it has to withstand heavy stress.
- The component only has a function and that is to hold the wheel onto the frame, and to make the wheel rotate around it.
- The manufacturing is semi complex, as there is more than one complex step to make it. Also precision is important in making this part.
- The complexity of the part is fairly simple, as it is only one solid mass.
Back Wheel
- The back wheel is made of different parts. There is the central hub which was molded from metal. The wheel bearings are made of plastic and go around the hole in the center of the wheel hub. These are molded to fit perfectly around the axle. The plastic lowers the friction and heat transfer of the axel on the wheel. The third part that makes this component is the rubber tire. Molded and fitted around the wheel hub the tire is then inflated with air.
- There were a total of three different materials noticeable on this component. The metal central wheel hub, the plastic bearings, and the rubber tire. The hub is made of metal because it needs to be sturdy and hold the weight of the bike and rider. The plastic bearings help reduce friction on the axle and lowers heat transfer from the axel to the wheel. The tire is rubber because rubber on pavement has a high friction coefficient which will prevent the tire from slipping when rotating.
- The forces that are applied to the tire are the normal force of the entire bike and the force of the ground reacting to the weight of the bike. If the bike is in motion then there is a friction force acting on the tire. If we assume the bike as a whole weighs 200 pounds then force acting on the wheel is about 981 Newton as the weight is distributed on both tires. That means the ground has a force of 981 Newton pushing on the tire as well. If the bike was moving with a velocity of 8.94 m/s (20 miles/hr) and the coefficient friction of rubber on pavement is 0.67 the friction force would be 657.27 Newton.
- With the three different types of material on the component, there has to be separate manufacturing processes for the three different parts. They are then brought together and put together in a very precise why. The wheel bearings are fitted in to the hubs hole. The tire is then placed inside the hub glued and inflated. When inflated the tire is locked inside the hub.
- The shape for all three is a circular. All parts have to mold from its material and is made precise by machines.
- All three manufacturing parts were chosen to be from a mold, because the shapes cannot be carved out. The tire is made from rubber, and has to be molded. Any other process to rubber would damage the material weakening it. The plastic cannot be cut due to risk of cracking. Also the metal hub is too thick to engrave to shape.
- All components are made in a cylindrical shape for the wheels ability to rotate and make a smooth rotation over the ground. Making the ride of the bike more enjoyable for the rider.
- The tire has a function to support the bike's weight and give the bike its motion from rotation. The wheel is visible to the consumer so the hub and tire has to look appealing to the rest of the bike.
- The component is very complex. The precision of each piece on the other is important for the motion and efficiency. The three different materials make it difficult for the pieces to fit together.
Drive Gear
- The component is easy manufactured as it is a flat piece of metal. Molded or possible stamped out in circular shape with pegs spaced for a chain link. (9mm wrench used four times)
- One material is used for this component. Polished metal is used as the chain will make contact against the gear. Therefore the gear has to be sturdy enough to hold up against the tension.
- The only force that is acting on the gear is the force of the chain turning it.
- The material doesn't really affect the manufacturing of the component. Metal is the easiest to cut into the shape needed.
- The shape is a semi-complex but it can all be cut out of flat metal using a machine.
- The manufacturing process of this component is chosen because it is the easiest and cheapest way to form the metal.
- The shape of the gear is circular to fit around the axel and turn the wheel. The teeth on the gear match up with the chain which is powered by the engine.
- The part is purely functional as it plays an important role in transferring the engines power into rotational force.
- The component is fairly simple as it is just a flat piece of metal.
B.S.(Brake System) Bracket 1
- This component is a thick flat piece of metal with a slight bend in it and 2 bolt holes. It was punched out and stamped into this shape. It was then primed and painted black. (10mm socket wrench was used twice to remove)
- One material was used. It was chosen for it strength and ability to be formed.
- The component is used to hold the drum brake into the wheel hub. The only force that is applied on the bracket is its own weight which is about a pound (9.81 N) also a horizontal force holding the drum into the wheel which is negligible.
- The material of the part is helpful in the manufacturing process as it is easy to shape and cut.
- The shape of the bracket requires be cutting, punching with 2 bolt holes and bending slightly. All which can be done by a programmed machine.
- The process was chosen so that the piece could be bolted onto the frame and drum of the bike. The slight bend is to help line up the positioning of the component in the hub.
- The component is purely functional to hold the drum brake into the wheel hub.
- The component is very simple, as it is one solid piece.
B.S. Bracket 2
- The component is a steel bracket. It was molded into a complex shape to hold the brake line and attach to the drum brake.
- One material is used. The bracket is made of steel so that it's durable and wont brake.
- The only force is a tension force from the break line which can be assumed to be 20 Newton.
- The material steel is a smart choice for this manufacturing process as steel is easy to shape but still durable.
- The shape is very complex. There are 3 bolt holes cut into it and it has a fold. The shape has to be molded and then the holes punched into the component.
- The manufacturing of the component is so that the brake line can be held inside of the bracket. Also the bracket has to rotate to trigger the braking component.
- The end of the bracket has an indent so the brake line can fit in it. A bolt is then inserted through it to hold the brake line securely. The other hole is so a pin can be placed and fastens the bracket to the drum.
- The component is purely functional, to transfer the force of the tension into rotary motion, which triggers the braking components.
- The manufacturing process where given so that the part could be easily made but still has durability to hold the other components.
- The component is semi-complex as the part has two jobs, to hold the line and triggering the braking component. However, it's all one solid piece.
Brake Shoes (x2)
- The shoes are manufactured using steel in a mold. The brake pad is then wrapped against the flat side of the mold and fastened on using an adhesive.
- There are two materials. The steel mold is to hold the pad onto the drum as well as act as a backup break if the pad wears out. The second material is the pad which gives the brake shoe its main resistance and stopping power.
- There is a friction force acting on the hub and brake pad. If the coefficient of the brake pad is around .57 then the friction force is 11.4 Newton per pad.
- The two materials affect the manufacturing process by making an adhesive step for the pad to be attached to the steel mold.
- The shape of the steel is molded into its crescent shape. The pad is then wrapped around the long side.
- The steel mold is heavy and thick, making it very difficult for a machine to do anything to it, so the part had to mold. The pad was trimmed from a sheet and pasted onto the mold. The pad has to be a part of the manufacturing because its material gives the brake its deceleration power.
- The parts are hidden inside the wheel drum so the component is purely functional and its function is to stop the wheel from spinning.
- The component is complex in that its different materials have to fitted together and then attached through adhesives.
Drum Brake
- The Drum is manufactured by using a mold and pouring steel into it and letting it cool.
- Steel is the only material used.
- There are no forces acting on the drum other then holding up its own weight since it rests on the wheel.
- The shape is a mold which is circular with some infirmities. There are some bolt holes for the B.S. Bracket 1 and 2 to attach to. As well as places for the shoes to attach.
- The manufacturing choice was made so that the part is one solid part. It was too thick to be cut but had to be shaped when it was soft.
- The manufacturing choice was so that the components can be held within the brake.
- The component is purely functional as it holds and works the braking components within the wheel.
- The component is complex in the sense of all the working parts that fit within the mold and the precision of each part has to place on it.
Hand Brake
- The Hand Brake is made of 3 aluminum pieces held together using two 9mm steel screws, two 9mm washers and one 9mm steel nut. The screws, nut and hand brake itself are all manufactured through die casting.
- Aluminum was selected for the handbrake because is light weight and easily formed into the shape used for the handbrake. Steel is used for the screws because the screws need to be sturdy and less fragile. Steel meets these requirements better than other metals.
- Only the force of the rider's hand squeezing the handbrake is applied to the components. This force depends on the rider's strength and how quickly they are trying to stop.
- The material does not really affect this manufacturing choice.
- Due to the unique shape of the hand brake essentially requires a die cast manufacturing process.
- The handbrake was shaped to comfortably fit to the grasp of any rider.
- The component is functional.
- The component is not that complex due to the fact that there are only three main pieces held together with screws, nuts and washers.
Kick Stand
- The Kickstand is made of steel and attached to the frame with five 10mm bolts and one 10 mm nut. The Kickstand itself is made through injection molding.
- The kickstand was made of steel due to its need to be strong enough to help support the weight of the bike when it is at rest.
- The forces applied to the kickstand include the weight of the bike, and the friction applied between the kickstand and the floor.
- The material selected has little to do with the manufacturing process since metal is one of the easiest to shape and cut.
- The unique shape of the kickstand is easiest formed using injection molding.
- The shape of the kickstand is used to support the bike while being small enough to not impede the speed of the bike while it is in motion.
- The component is completely functional
- The component is not very complex because it essentially is made of one piece of metal.
Chain (x2)
- Both chains are made of carbon steel and formed through die casting.
- There is only on material used in this component.
- The forces applied to the chain include the force of the gears and the force required to cause wheel rotation.
- The material chosen affects the manufacturing choice because metals are easily shaped through a casting process.
- The shape of the chain is made simplest through die casting.
- The chain is designed to fit with the gears.
- The component is completely functional since cosmetics are not necessary for the location of this component.
- The component is fairly complex considering that every link in the chain is designed to be removed or added to a chain depending on its length requirements.
Pull Start
- The pull start is comprised of a large coiled spring and a small spring and held to the frame using three 8mm screws and three 8 mm washers.
- The forces applied to the pull start include the force of the spring and the fore of the rider pulling the pull start itself.
- The material does not really have an effect on the manufacturing process because steel is easily cut and shaped.
- The shape of the coil springs is best formed through hot rolled forming.
- Hot rolled forming was also used due to the thinness of the steel being used.
- The component is completely functional because the cosmetics are not necessary for the interior of a pull start.
- The components complexity is found when one analyzes the location of the large spring. Designing and stabilizing the spring in the position to maximize its force is fairly complex.
- The clutch is comprised of steel and formed through die casting.
- The clutch is an intricate part of the bike. Therefore steel is chosen for sturdiness and its endurance since it holds the gears and chain.
- The material selected has little to do with the manufacturing process since metal is one of the easiest to shape and cut.
- The unique shape of the clutch is most easily formed through die casting.
- The clutch is designed to fit on the engine while supporting the weight of the gears and the chain.
- The component is more functional then cosmetic.
- The clutch itself is not fairly complex since it is one strong sheet of metal.
Fuel Tank
- The fuel tank is made of aluminum and formed using Injection molding.
- There is only one material used for this component.
- The material selected does not affect manufacturing process since metal is one of the easiest to shape and cut.
- The shape of the fuel tank is easily formed through die casting.
- The shape of the fuel tank is designed to hold a predetermined amount of gasoline safely.
- The component is both functional and cosmetic since it holds the gasoline required to fuel the bike while still being completely visible.
- The fuel tank is not complex.
Heat Shield
- The heat shield is made of aluminum. Die casting is used to manufacture the component.
- There are no real forces applied to the component.
- The manufacturing process is not affected by the material since metal is among one of the easiest materials to shape and cut.
- The shape needed for the heat shield is easily formed through die casting.
- The shape of the heat shield is designed to cover all heat exhausted by the engine that is not directed through the exhaust pipe.
- The component is functional simply because cosmetics are not required for its location.
- The component is not complex due to the fact that it is simply a sheet of metal.
Fuel Line and Vapor Line
- The fuel line and vapor line are both made of plastic and formed through Injection molding.
- The forces applied to either line can be found within the lines themselves by the substance flowing through them. This force is essentially negligible.
- Plastic can be is easily shaped into a hollow tube using injection molding.
- The shape of a hollow tube is commonly used for lines required to transport substances from one section to another.
- The component is both functional and cosmetic since it is visible without disassembling the bike.
- The component is not complex.
Throttle Assembly
- The throttle assembly is comprised of one main solid piece, a connecting rod, one Philips head screw and two springs. The throttle itself is made up of steel and formed through die casting. This piece is connected to the connecting rods by two springs. The one screw is used to control the amount of gasoline used to flow into the engine.
- The springs are made of stainless steel for the materials strength and stiffness. The connecting rods are made of aluminum and manufactured through drilling, and die casting. Both the screw and the main throttle piece are made of steel for its endurance and sturdiness.
- The metals used have no real affect on the manufacturing process chosen.
- The shaped of the springs is most easily formed through hot rolled forming. The connecting rod, screw, and throttle are design through die casting because it is the simplest way to form the shapes required for each of these parts.
- The component is entirely functional and is not visible when the bike is assembled.
- The component is fairly complex considering that it is comprised of several pieces and the position of the springs.
- The carburetor is made of zinc according to www.alibaba.com/product-gs/.../JAWA350_6V_Carburetor.html.
- The material chosen does not affect the manufacturing process
- The shape of the carburetor is most easily formed through a combination of die casting and taping.
- The shape of the carburetor is designed to fit on the engine while functioning at a high efficiency.
- The component is functional.
- The component is complex.
- The magneto is an electromagnet and it therefore comprised of an iron armature, two copper wire coils, an electronic control unit, a strong magnet and a rubber casing. It is connected to the engine with two 12 mm steel bolts formed through die casting.
- The magneto experiences an electromagnetic force from its parts.
- The material does not affect the manufacturing process.
- The shape of the magneto is typical for an electromagnet of its size and has no effect on the overall manufacturing process.
- The component is functional. Although the rubber casing can be considered cosmetic the entire magneto is not easily visible while the bike is assembled and the rubber is used more as an insulator than for aesthetics.
- The component is a fairly complex elector magnet.
Spark Plug
- The spark plug's metal casing is made of nickel and manufactured through die casting and cold forming.
- The material does not affect the manufacturing process since metal is among the easiest materials to shape and cut.
- The shape of the casing is unique and is manufactured easiest through die casting or cold forming.
- The component is functional.
- The spark plug casing is a fairly simple component. The spark plug itself is a complex component.
Fly Wheel
- The flywheel assembly is comprised of a steel flywheel and a plastic cover which are held together using a 19mm steel nut.
- Plastic was used for its lightweight while steel was used on the flywheel due to its strength and sturdiness.
- The flywheel feels the force of crankshaft as it turns.
- Plastic is most easily manipulated through injection molding and may sometimes be too fragile for other manufacturing processes. Die casting is commonly used to shape metals including steel.
- The grooves of the flywheel cover are easily created through injection modeling. The shape of the flywheel itself has no affect on the manufacturing process decision.
- The grooves of the cover are designed to regulate airflow.
- The component is functional. None of these parts have any bearing on the aesthetic appeal of the bike while it is assemble.
- This component is fairly complex.
Design Revision
- One design revision would be to change the position of the exhaust. Currently, the exhaust it is positioned to blow hot air on to the seat. If you were to ride the bike for a long time the seat would get very hot and you could potentially burn yourself on the seat and the metal surrounding the seat. We would move the exhaust by placing the exhaust exit near the back of the bike close to the wheels, such as in a Harley Davidson bike. If we were to fix it on the current bike we would put a funnel where the exhaust exits and run the funnel to the back of the bike by the wheel. By changing the exhaust you make it more comfortable and safer to ride for a long period of time. Making these changes would not increase the price very much. The material added to the bike would not add to the weight enough to affect the speed or gas mileage of the bike. We are surprised that they still have the exhaust blowing on the seat as it is very uncomfortable.
- A second design revision we would consider for the road bike would be the steering ability of the Baja Mini Bike. During our initial testing of the bike, we found that the turning capabilities of the bike were nothing to be desired. There is a bar on the front wheel which inhibits the bike from turning sharply. Because of the bikes inability to turn effectively, a rider could potentially crash when trying to maneuver the bike in tight spaces. The only way we can fix this problem is if we were to remove the turning stopper already in place on the road bike. Another fix for this problem would be decreasing the size of the bar, giving the bike better turning abilities rather than giving the bike full rotation. In doing so, this would increase the functionality of the bike, as well as making a safer ride for the owner. This design change would cost the company very little or money at all, and wouldn't be hard to complete. It would be a very easy change for the company to make in their design, and would yield more satisfied customers.
Solid Model Assembly
Engineering Analysis
Problem Statement:
Using Engineering analysis identified in class:
- The brake cable has snapped. How much force was needed to snap the brake cable?
Simplified version of the brake handle:
- The cable is a static problem.
- The cable is made of steel (most brake cables are made from steel).
- The tensile strength of the steel assuming it is type: AISI 1060 0.6% carbon is 2200X106 N/m2 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_strength).
- The radius of the wire is .25 cm.
- No friction on cable.
- No outside forces acting on the cable.
- No gravitational force on the cable.
- No fatigue on the cable.
- The force from hand acts at a single point in only the Y direction.
- The brake cable doesn't slip when the brake is applied.
Governing Equations
Static Problem: Moment (at pin) = 0 = Force*distance Tension (needed to snap wire) = Tensile strength * area
TS= 2200000000 N/m2
A= .0025 m2*π
A=.000019635 m2
T= 2200000000 N/m2*.000019635m2
Solution Check
- The units check out for force, and the answer seems reasonable for the strength of steel and the way the handle is oriented. The moments were correctly configured and the math checks out. The force to break the cable is more than a human can apply so it shouldn't break from forces of the rider.
Interpretation and Discussion:
- The answer will vary depending upon how much fatigue the wire has experienced. As the cable experiences more fatigue, the smaller the force it would take to break the cable. Friction would also cause fatigue on the wire. On the real mini bike the steel may be different than the one I assumed, and therefore would have a different strength. There is no way to find out as it is not listed on any web sites and I don't know how to tell different types of steel apart from sight. If the radius of the cable was changed, this would change the outcome. The greater the radius, the more force you would need to snap the cable. The cable is not a static problem in real life so the outcome would be different. The gravitational and other outside forces would have an effect on the fatigue and the force on the cable. The force on the brake in real life wouldn't act as a single force but would be spread out all over the brake. If the tensile strength were stronger you would need a greater force to snap the cable. The force required is very high, too high for the rider to snap it. I expected that because steel is very strong and a human cannot break it by themselves. The only way the cable could snap from the riders force would be if it wore down from friction or fatigue. Also, when the break is pulled, there is some give on the cable from the hand brake, which would change the force to snap to cable. The distance from the pin would also change the answer. The farther away the force is applied the greater tension is applied. The force also would be spread out over the brake not as I assumed. This would change the force applied to the brake and where it acts. It would act as a function over the hand brake not as a single force. This would change the force applied and the force applied to the cable. Also, the hand brake on the bike would most likely deform or break if that much pressure was applied. The pin connecting the cable to the hand brake would also break before the cable was to fail if this much pressure was applied.
Critical Project Review
Reassembly Plan
Rear End Reassembly:
- Kick Stand:
- Using needle nose pliers to aid in fastening the Kick Stand to the frame. Secure the kick stand to the frame using a 10mm socket wrench.
- Seat:
- Place the seat back on to its position on the frame. Screw in the two 1/4inch nuts and the middle 3/4inch nut using their respective wrenches.
- Rear Fender:
- Place the fender in its designated location under the seat on the bike. There are 4 9mm nuts that need to be tightened using a 9mm socket wrench and two bolts two either side on the interior of the fender. A metal bracket must be placed on the interior of the fender between the bolts and the fender itself.
- Hand Brake and brake line:
- Place the break line in between the handle and the top bracket. The handle and the top bracket of the hand brake can be assembled using a Phillips head screw driver on the single screw. The top and bottom bracket are assembled by using a 9mm wrench on the two bolts. Once the front portion of the bike is assembled this assembly will be secured to the handle bars.
- Brake System:
- Turn the bolt counterclockwise to clamp the spring. Secure the bracket using a 10mm wrench on the bolt. When placing the drum brake back on the bike the brake line must be aligned with the space in the bracket. Attach a black bracket to the drum brake using a 10mm socket wrench. Insert a pin through the bolt to secure the bolt in place.
- Wheel:
- Secure the drive gear to the wheel using a 9mm wrench on the 4 bolts. The wheel must be placed in place towards the bottom of the frame. Prior to placing the axle through the drum brake must be realigned with the wheel. Once the wheel and the drum brake are properly aligned with the frame, place the axle through it and the frame. Place a nut on the end of the axle using a 12mm socket wrench. There are two nuts that need to be attached using a 9mm socket wrench. These nuts hold two washers into the frame.
- Piston cover and Motor Head: Place the push rods into their designated springs. Using a 12mm socket wrench, secure the piston cover. The motor head must be aligned with the push rods so that they push each the rocker arms found in the motor head.. Using a 10mm socket wrench, secure the motor head.
- Train Covers: Firmly secure the train cover to the engine using a 10mm socket wrench on 6 screws. The Valve Train Cover must be secured using an 8mm socket wrench on a set of 4 bolts.
- Spark Plug and Magneto: Place the spark plug back in its designated location. Place a spacer between the magneto to assure that it is not too close to the flywheel or the flywheel magnet. Using a 12mm wrench on 2 bolts secure the two the flywheel making sure to leave the grounding wire exposed. Place the rubber plug back onto the spark plug.
- Carburetor, Gasket and Governor Assembly: Using needle nose pliers insert the springs into the assembly. The governor arm must be place on the plastic axle. Fit the carburetor onto the two designated bolts on the engine block. Slide gasket into place at the end of the carburetor.
- Throttle: Using needle nose pliers on two springs place them onto the connecting rod. Insert the screw which is used as a regulator. Place another gasket between the throttle and the air intake.
- Exhaust: Attach the exhaust and the muffler using a 12mm socket wrench on two bolts.
- Air Filter and Cover: Place the air intake on top of the carburetor now attached to the engine block. Using a 12mm wrench, secure the two 12mm nuts to the engine block. Place the plastic air filter cover over the air filter. Secure the cover by placing two wing nuts on the underside of the cover and one wing nut on the top of the cover.
- Heat plate: Line the three designated holes up with the heat shield. Using a 10mm socket wrench, secure the heat shield to the engine block.
- Flywheel Cover: Attach the fly wheel cover by aligning the 4 holes on the engine block with the 4 holes on the flywheel cover. Using a 10mm socket wrench, secure the bolts into the holes.
- Pull Start Assembly: Securely coil the long spring around the inner wheel of the assembly. The spring should fall within a groove designated for it. The pull rope must then wrap around this wheel. The rope must be wound around the inner wheel of the main housing. Pull the rope to tighten the spring. This allows the spring to reach a maximum tension. Rewind the rope around the main housing so it retracts when it is pulled. Once the pull start is reassembled attach the assembly to the flywheel cover using three 8mm bolts and an 8mm socket wrench.
- Fuel Tank: Secure the fuel tank using a 10mm socket wrench. Two nuts on the back of the fuel tank and one nut near the front.
- Clutch and Bracket Plate: The bracket plate must be perfectly aligned with the engine block during its portion of the assembly. Secure the bracket using four 12mm bolts and a 12mm socket wrench. Once this is secured slide the clutch onto the drive shaft. During the process make sure the key and groove of the clutch line up. Secure the 12mm nut and washer onto the end of the drive shaft using the 12mm socket wrench.
- Small chain: Place the smaller train on to the clutch and the inner gear on the clutch bracket plate.
Secure the Engine block:
- Place the engine back onto the frame. The engine is secured by 4 12mm screws locate at the bottom of the frame. Line the holes on the bottom of the engine block up with the wholes on the bottom of the frame. Once the engine is back in place, attach the large chain to the drive shaft and the drive gear.
Final Assembly Evaluation:
- Our product runs as well as it did prior to disassembly. In fact, our bikes speed was increased by making minor adjustments to the throttle. We adjusted the max position of the throttle and increased the idle position to slightly below the clutch's engaging rpm. In doing so the bike's performance increased. Unfortunately, after reassembly we discovered that our headlight bulb was broken or malfunctioning. We also noticed that we would have to secure our cables to the frame using tape. We believe the headlight was broken when our disassembled bike pieces were moved by an unknown party in between group meetings. The headlight is not shattered or fractured in anyway, it just fails to illuminate.
- The difference in assembly and disassembly can be found in the speed of both processes. Although the exact times were not documented, it took us approximately 4 days to fully disassemble the bike. Reassembly only took two group meetings. All the same tools were used for both processes. The only difference was the use of tape instead of sip ties.
- It is necessary to consider that the pull start was incredibly difficult to reassemble. It should not be taken apart unless there is a problem with the mechanism. Upon reassembly, it should also be taken into consideration that the idle position for the throttle should not be too high. By not taking this into consideration the bike upon start may take off by itself.


text:
Joomla! CMS project FAQs
This is a article which: needs review. You can help the Joomla! Documentation Wiki by contributing to it. More pages that need help similar to this one are here. If you feel the need is satistified, please remove this notice. While actively editing, consider adding {{inuse}} to reduce edit conflicts. |
How do I report a bug?
If you think you have found a bug, please report it.
Please start by posting a description in the Quality and Testing Forum for the release. This will allow others to see if the problem can be reproduced.
1.5: http://forum.joomla.org/index.php/board,199.0.html 1.0: http://forum.joomla.org/index.php/board,198.0.html
Before reporting a bug to the issue tracker, we strongly recommend reading "How to Report a Bug Effectively" http://dev.joomla.org/content/view/1450/89/1/1/ by Simon Tatham
To report a bug using the tracker you need to register at joomlacode.org.
For bugs in the 1.0.x series, please read these instructions:
For bugs in the 1.5 series, please file the report here: http://joomlacode.org/gf/project/joomla/tracker/?action=TrackerItemBrowse&tracker_id=32
How do I request a feature?
You can request a feature here:
or here:
You will need to register at joomlacode.org to submit a feature request.
How does someone become a Core Team member?
A current Core Team member makes a nomination. A vote is started. A vote requires 2/3 of the team to cast a vote to form a quorum. Once a quorum has been established, you need 2/3 of the votes cast to be in favor. If we do not have a quorum or we have less than 2/3 votes in favor, the motion fails. The voting process lasts up to one week. If every Core Team member votes before one week expires, the voting process ends at the point the last team member voted. You can only vote once and you vote by sending an e-mail to the mailing list with either a +1 or -1. There is technically no limit to the number of times a person can be nominated or voted on although we have never had more than one vote for a single addition. If a Core Team member does not vote, their vote does not count against the motion, it is just neutral, +0 if you will
What is the Joomla! community?
Within the context of Free and Open Source Software projects, a community is another way of describing the collective body of individuals that contribute to a project in a positive way. Membership within the community is conditional and is earned through contribution and commitment. The Joomla! community is an amazing group of dedicated, knowledgeable, and highly skilled individuals that give their time and expertise to the project freely, without strings, and without the expectation of reward or reimbursement. Joomla! is a great project because of the contributions that these people make and it would not be the same without these people. They have each earned their place, their voice, and the respect of their peers within the community through their contributions and dedication. The community consists of the Joomla! Core Team, OSM, all the Joomla! Working Group members, as well as many, many other people that have each given a piece of themselves to the project in hope of helping the greater good, of preserving freedoms, of leveling the playing field, and even just to do something fun. We are eternally grateful to all of these people and the things they have contributed to the Joomla! project.
Why would someone be removed from the Core Team/Working Groups/OSM/Community/Project/etc?
Sometimes, the Joomla! project has to deal with people that are detrimental to the overall health or success of the project. On rare occasions, people need to be removed in part or completely in order to protect the health of the community, the project, or the sanity of its members. There are a few reasons why someone could be removed including: intentionally harming the project, being continuously disruptive, repeatedly violating of the Code of Conduct, etc. We do not take these decisions lightly and we always give several warnings and opportunities to turn around before taking a drastic step such as removal from one of the teams or banning.
What is a "Working Group" anyway?
A Working Group is a group of people that are working toward one particular set of goals. Joomla! currently has 7 Working Groups: Translation, Quality & Testing, Development, Documentation, Sites & Infrastructure, Design & Web Standards, and Foundation. Each working group has a specific set of goals, tasks, and responsibilities. Each Working Group has at least one Coordinator that is a member of the Joomla! Core Team. The management and administration of each Working Group is the primary responsibility of the Working Group's Coordinator and because of that, the Coordinator is free to setup and run the Working Group in any way they see fit and that agrees with our Code of Conduct. This allows for highly agile teams that can each decide which protocols, processes, communication methods, etc. are best for them. You can find out more information about the Joomla! Working Groups by visiting this page: http://dev.joomla.org/content/view/13/53/ (Note: it is a bit out of date).
How are Working Group members added/removed?
The process for adding and removing Working Group members is defined by the Working Group coordinator and because of that it varies from group to group.
Is the Joomla! community a democracy?
Generally speaking, the Joomla! community is not a democratic organization and it has never presented itself as such. Occasionally, the Core Team asks the community to vote on things as a whole but this tends to be a pretty rare event. However, the community's input and feedback are welcome and carefully listened to.
Is GNU and Open Source software worth the costs and risks
It's difficult, if not impossible, to argue against the value proposition of GNU and Open Source software, although some have tried. Due to zero licensing fees, lower administrative overhead, high-quality code, security releases that are distributed in minutes or hours rather than months or marketing cycles, and free online support from thousands of like-minded developers and users, GNU and Open Source offerings are often the best solution. The math is really quite compelling:
Applications | Industry Leader | Cost | |||
GNU/Linux | Yes | 0 | |||
Apache Web Server | Yes | 0 | |||
MySQL Relational Database | Yes | 0 | |||
PHP Scripting Language | Yes | 0 | |||
Joomla! Content Management System | Yes | 0 | |||
Thousands of Joomla Extensions | Varies | 0 | Support | Relative Quality | Cost |
Joomla! Project Leadership Team | High | 0 | |||
Joomla! Forge | High | 0 | |||
Joomla! Online Forums | High | 0 | |||
Joomla! Documentation | Medium | 0 | |||
Thousands of Online Volunteers | High | 0 | |||
Paid Professional Support | Widely Available | 0 | Total | 0 |
What license is Joomla! released under?
Joomla! is released under the GPL (Gnu General Public License 2). Details of the GPL can be found here: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Larry Stanford
At a called meeting on March 6, the Thomaston-Upson Airport Authority authorized Chairman George Hightower and Airport Manager Mitch Ellerbee to enter into a agreement with the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) to receive a $106,000 grant, which will be used to reduce the debt on the last two hangars built by the authority.
"They (GDOT) scrounged around and found some money and they have to do something with it fairly quickly and we're one of the places that can use it effectively," said Hightower. "They are being very kind to us to send that money our way, and we're very grateful."
The airport has 104 hangars that it leases - 100 small hangars and four corporate hangars. The hangars have been built through grants agreements with GDOT in which the authority has built and paid for the hangars, with GDOT paying 90 percent of each of the grants back to the authority. The last two hangars, which are corporate hangars, were built for $1.5 million and completed and opened in January 2011. Besides this grant for those hangars, GDOT has paid back funds on two other grants for hangar construction.
Hightower said the authority has been able to make a lot of improvements to the airport because of their relationship with the state.
"We've developed everything on the runway side," said Hightower. "When GDOT needs to distribute grant funds, they like working with us because everything has already been built, versus them providing funding for new construction."
But authority board member Bob Fletcher credited GDOT's willingness to work with the authority to the vision of Hightower and Ellerbee towards the future of the airport.
"They see the leadership and vision here through your work," Fletcher said. "They see that we're willing to go the extra mile, and they are willing to meeting us halfway."
Hightower said the authority now owns all the land the airport sits on, and that the grants are being used solely for debt reduction. He added that the airport is a revenue maker for the county.
"At the old airport, we had six hangars. Here we have 104 hangars, and they are almost 100 percent full," said Hightower. "And they all pay ad valorem taxes."


text:
We specialize in canvas art, with wall art for your home, office or business. We have over 80,000 stunning canvas prints for you to choose from in a variety of subjects from abstracts to sunsets.
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To truly make your wall art unique you can send us your favourite photo and we will carefully edit it for you before printing. We can edit photos to an outstanding level of quality and accuracy.
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Mohka care about your needs and know that time is of the essence. To this end we track each item throughout the production process and email you as soon as it is leaves our workshop.
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Ideally canvas wall art should not be hung above radiators. Extreme or rapid changes in temperature cause paper and wood to warp and dry out and canvas to expand.
Damp can cause canvas to ripple, causing unsightly lines and distorting the picture. Damp also encourages fungal growth - likely to show as brown stains. Conservation framing can slow these effects, but it is always best to avoid hanging framed canvas prints in humid conditions. Allow six months before hanging pictures on newly plastered walls.
Read all about keeping your wall art in perfect condition here.
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text:
Magna Magazines
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text:
New age of crowd funding brings big opportunities, possible risks
Recent federal legislation is set to make major changes to the field of crowd funding. Once an area dominated by friends, relatives and donations, the field may expand to include pools of small investors. But some are concerned that new rules could also present risks for those putting up cash.


text:
Fernwood Catering Menu
Whether you are catering a meeting, a party, a social gathering, or any other kind of occasion large or small, Fernwood Hotel & Convention Center has the largest selection of catering options at affordable prices in the Poconos. Our catering staff is ready to assist you in customizing the perfect menu for your group. From your first call to your pick-up or delivery, Fernwood Hotel will make sure your order is right and ready when you need it. Call the Group Sales Office at 1.800.528.5560
Veal Choices
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Veal Marsala with mushrooms and masala wine $129
Veal with peppers and onions $129
Veal Parmesan, marinara sauce and mozzarella $119
Veal Oscar, asparagus, crabmeat and hollandaise sauce $139
Veal Breaded with a vodka sauce $119
Veal Saltimbocca, prosciutto, spinach and wine $119
Veal Contadina, artichokes, mushrooms and marinara $119
Pasta Choices
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Penne ala Vodka $99
Baked Ziti choice of red or white sauce $99
Cheese Tortellini with choice of vodka, marinara or white sauce $99
Baked Meaty Ziti and cheese with choice of vegetable or meat $99
Baked Lasagna with choice of meat, eggplant or spinach $99
Stuffed Shells with cheese $89
Baked Manicotti $89
Pasta Primavera with a garlic and oil sauce $69
Pasta Primavera with marinara or white sauce and vegetables $79
Eggplant Parmesan $89
Pork Choices
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Grilled Sausage with peppers and onions $99
Roasted Pork Tenderloin with gravy over stuffing $119
Stuffed Pork Loin with spinach and garlic $119
Stuffed Pork Chops with herb stuffing $109
Sliced Pork Loin in a white wine sauce $119
BBQ Spare Ribs $119
Sliced Ham Steaks with pineapple glaze $99
Sautéed Pork with broccoli in a wine sauce over pasta $99
Tenderloin of Pork laced with rosemary topped with gravy $119
Grilled Kielbasa served over sauerkraut $99
Beef Specials
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Swedish Meatballs $99
Meatballs served in a marinara sauce $99
Roast Beef with mushroom or brown gravy $124
Steak au Poivre with au jus or bourbon sauce $139
Roasted Prime Rib with au jus $139
Filet Mignon with Marsala sauce $139
Grilled pepper steak with peppers and onions $99
Beef and Broccoli Stir Fry $79
Snow Peas, Beef and Cashew Stir Fry $79
BBQ Beef Spare Ribs $119
Seafood Specials
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Scallops wrapped in bacon $129
Shrimp Fried Rice $79
Shrimp scampi over penne or linguini $129
Poached Salmon in white wine and lemon $129
Stuffed Flounder Filets With choice of crabmeat, shrimp, spinach, or tomato $119
Fettuccini Alfredo with shrimp or scallops $129
Linguini with white or red clam sauce $99
Stuffed Mushrooms with crabmeat $99
Crab cakes in vodka sauce $129
Fried Calamari $99
Fried Shrimp or Scallops Mixed $99
Steamed Lobster Tails $275
Grilled Tuna Steaks with herb butter $159
Grilled Salmon Steak with teriyaki glaze $129
Halibut baked or broiled with mango chutney sauce $149
Steamed Clams on the 1/2 shell (10 dozen) $79
Seafood Combo: shrimp, clams, calamari over linguini $99
Shrimp or Scallop Diavelo: spicy tomato sauce over penne $119
Poultry Specials
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Chicken Celeste: herb butter, 3 blend cheese, mushrooms and wine $109
Chicken Kiev: breaded and topped with herb butter $109
Chicken Cordon Bleu: stuffed with ham, Swiss cheese, white sauce $109
Fried Chicken $99
Chicken Marsala or Teriyaki $109
Chicken Francese or Piccata $109
Chicken Stir Fry with teriyaki sauce $109
Sesame Chicken and Broccoli $109
Chicken Breast stuffed with rice pilaf or wild rice, spinach and cheese $109
Sweet and Sour Chicken Breast $99
Chicken Parmesan $109
Chicken Alfredo over penne $99
Fried Chicken Tenders $99
Breaded Chicken Cutlets in vodka sauce $109
Roasted Turkey, stuffed with sausage or herb stuffing and gravy $109
Turkey Broccoli Devine: broccoli rolled in turkey topped with gravy $99
Starch Choices
Price per pan, serves 25 people
White Rice $59
Wild Rice or Rice Pilaf $69
Herb or Sausage Stuffing $69
Roasted Red Bliss Potatoes $69
Mashed Potatoes $59
Baked Potatoes $59
Au Gratin Potatoes $69
Seasoned Potato Wedges $69
Pasta Noodles with butter and seasonings $69
Vegetable Choices
Price per pan, serves 25 people
Steamed Broccoli with tomato, garlic and oil $69
Sautéed Green Beans Almandine $69
Steamed Mixed Vegetables $59
Steamed Carrots $59
Corn on the Cob $59
Seasoned Corn $59
Grilled Portabella's with basil and balsamic vinegar $89
Sautéed baby carrots with baby eggplant $89
Sautéed Spinach and Bacon $79
Salad Choices
Serves 25 people
Pasta Salad $39 | Potato Salad $39 |
Tossed Salad $34 | Cole Slaw $39 |
Spinach Salad $39 | Marinated Vegetable Salad $39 |
Grilled Chicken Salad $58 | Ceaser Salad $39 |
Cobb Salad $49 | Broccoli and Bacon Salad $39 |
Chef Salad $58 | Chicken Salad $49 |
Fruit Salad $69 | Ham Salad $49 |
Seafood Salad $69 | Tuna Salad $49 |
Macaroni Salad $39 | Egg Salad $39 |
Salad Dressing Choices
(Pick 2)
Oil and Vinegar
Bleu Cheese
1000 Island
Lite Italian
Asian Ginger
Honey Mustard
Raspberry Vinaigrette
Decorated Cakes:
1/4 Sheet Cake $21
1/2 Sheet Cake $33
Full Sheet Cake $52


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In the first article in this series I pointed out some problems I and other LibreOffice users have with the standard LibreOffice color palette, and I talked about how colors are specified, both on computers in general and within LibreOffice .soc files. Let's now see how to generate a new set of colors.
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Recently, I was working on an Impress presentation, and I needed more colors than LibreOffice provides with its standard color picker. Specifically, I needed several light colors, but the standard color list includes only a few light blue possibilities. I could have defined my own colors manually using the Color Picker, but "mixing" colors by specifying RGB or CMYK numbers is a cumbersome, hit-or-miss process. LibreOffice also lets users load predefined color libraries, but none of the ones I found suited me. Instead, by working with web-standard colors plus a little bit of awk scripting, I managed to create my own color list, providing well-organized colors, grouped in families, with as many color variations as I wanted.
One of the strengths of Puppet, the IT automation application, is the flexibility it offers administrators to manage multiple servers through the use of customized templates and remote system facts, which are essentially variable values from remotely managed nodes. Thanks to this flexibility you can administer each Puppet node with instructions tailored for its specific environment – something you cannot do with simpler multiserver administration tools.
If an attacker knows that your server is listening on a given port, potentially ready to allow entrance, he can target it for a security breach. An open port can be seen as a door to your system, and a password would be its key. But what would happen if the door were hidden, invisible, and you needed to use something special to make it visible again? A technique called port knocking keeps ports closed until users provide a secret knock sequence that only then allows them access to your site.
phpMyAdmin is popular with both individuals and enterprise users who want a graphical interface for administering MySQL databases. Although the app has an expansive list of features, most people don't use it for much beyond basic tasks such as creating new databases. Here are some features tucked beneath phpMyAdmin's folds that can make you more efficient.
The GIMP is a wonderful image editor, but it might be overkill if all you want to do is annotate an image. If you want to highlight a part of an image, so that for example the audience for your presentation can focus on a particular aspect, you'll probably find it easier and more intuitive to do that in a program such as Dia or OpenOffice Draw. Let's see how to annotate an image in all three programs.
It's easy to get started with the search server Apache Solr and the popular CMS platform Drupal, as described in our previous tutorial on setting up Solr 4.2 with Drupal 7. Straight out of the box Solr handles basic text searching, but you can increase its power by adding faceted search – the ability to filter on specific facets or aspects of the data on a site. For example, on a Drupal site you might want to be able to filter your searching by author, date, or tags. Solr's faceted search allows users to combine this type of filtering with text searching to find the information they're after faster. Read on for the lowdown on setting up and configuring basic faceted search using Solr 4.2 and Drupal 7, running on Apache on Linux.
Last month's release of FreeNAS 8.3.1 adds new functionality that allows system administrators of the open source-based network attached storage solution to encrypt entire disks while using ZFS. ZFS has been the primary filesystem for FreeNAS since FreeNAS 8, and has supplanted FreeBSD's UFS as the project's focus. The new security functionality applies only to ZFS and is the first time that FreeNAS has supported encryption.
If you're looking for Linux-based, hardware-agnostic storage software, check out Gluster, an open source project for creating a distributed filesystem. It provides fast performance, high availability, and horizontal scalability by spreading storage volumes over redundant cluster nodes. Here's how you can build a Gluster distributed storage system yourself.
Solr is an open source search server based on Apache Lucene. Lucene provides Java-based indexing and a search library, and Solr extends it to provide a variety of APIs and search functionality, including faceted search and hit highlighting, and handles Word and PDF document searching. It also provides caching and replication, making it scalable, robust, and very fast.


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How can you say that with a straight face Ian, theres been nothing but hate stirring all night. You got caught up in it yourself, read back what you said if you dont believe me.
You started off saying "I'll wait to hear both sides before forming an opinion" and then went fucking ape shit when everyone else did. Im as disappointed as you, but a civil war isnt the answer.
Less than you ironically as your work is all over the front page of it. Moreover going against rampant public opinion isnt exactly doing me any favours is it? And I dont disagree with your view point re artists being screwed over, obviously.
I just don't think a giant witch hunt against CA/TAD, or implying anyone going to the London event is crossing a picket line, or threatening young people using the site with a being permanently tarnished is right, particularly based on a rambling screed on DA with no solid evidence, and no back story.. Its nothing personal against you I just disagree with everyone being so horrible and having a huge riot and no one asking even fairly obvious questions like wheres the evidence and can i see some evidence. you know?
I can assure you tho if this does turn out to be true, I will feel as gutted as you.
Oh no wait, Elwell left because of this, I already do.


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A Youth Perspective on the proposal to change our name from CSM to Christians on the Left ~ A New Na
A youth perspective on the name change (Author: Francesca Chin-Lewis)
Please vote for this option: not co-option
Ian writes on the name change ahead of the AGM. (Author: Ian Geary)
Faith And Young Labour
CSM member Simon Darvill talks about his recent election as National Chair of Young Labour (Author: Simon Darvill)
It's a wonderful life
Ian Geary shares his thoughts on the film 'It's a wonderful life' (Author: Ian Geary)
Faith in Politics?
CSM Chair Rt Hon Stephen Timms MP uses his own experience to explore the question of faith in politics (Author: Rt Hon Stephen Timms MP)
Should Preaching Confront Capitalism?
James Lee examines whether the church should challenge capitalism itself (Author: James Lee)
From Rhetoric to Reality
Sam Brown uses the example of the Jubilee Debt Campaign and the Robin Hood Tax and examines how, as Christians, we can move from conversation to action. (Author: Sam Brown)
At Its Best When At Its Broadest
An essay which says Labour needs to be open to a post-secular, post-liberal and pro-faith approach. (Author: Ian Geary)
God and Politics - Transformed to transform
Theology student Marcus Smith lays out how politics looks when God is allowed to be God. (Author: Marcus Smith)
Theos talks about religious rhetoric in politics
Religious rheotric, is it worth the pain? (Author: Paul Bickley)
Between Plato And Aristotle
Tim Stacey on the Christian Socialist Movement, the Movement for Change and a vision of a Big Society
(Author: Tim Stacey)
CSM Stories 'Why I am a Christian and on the Left'
Ian Geary explores in depth his journey in faith and politics. Very helpful for considering your own position and why you hold it. (Author: Ian Geary)
An address by ArchBishop of Southwark Peter Smith celebrating CSM's 50 year legacy
Cathloic Arch Bishop Peter Smith praises CSM's passion for justice and expounds its biblical basis (Author: Sam Buck)
Advent Reflection - Week 4 - Liberation
Andy Walton writes our final Advent Reflection (Author: Andy Walton)
Advent Reflections - Week 3 - Humility
Our third Advent reflection (Author: Sam Buck)
Advent reflection – week 2 – Equality
Our second advent reflection. (Author: Sam Buck)
Advent reflection - week 1 - Prophecy
Over the season of Advent CSM will be exploring the meaning of the Christmas story in a series of reflections. This is the first... (Author: Sam Buck)
Religion and Patriotism
CSM member Mark Greer explores the connections between faith and state loyalty. (Author: Mark Greer)
Faith and politics
homepage (Author: )
Faith and Party Politics: Responding to Three Criticisms
Andy Flannagan tackles three of the reasons why Christians don't get involved in party politics. (Author: Andy Flannagan)
50 years of CSM
Stephen Beer reflects on the movement 50 years on (Author: Stephen Beer)
Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum - In defence of the Archbishop
An article in defence of Rowan Williams. (Author: Rob Carr)
Christian Socialist Movement - 50 years on
Stephen Beer writes about fifty years of CSM - and looks to the future. (Author: Stephen Beer)
Faith and Class Politics
Ex-paramilitary and peace campaigner explains how Christianity and Socialism mix in Northern Ireland. (Author: Billy Mitchell)
At the end of his time with CSM, CSM volunteer James Somerville-Meikle makes the case for political engagement.. (Author: Andy Flannagan)
Labour as a radical tradition
This article by Dr Maurice Glasman will be published shortly in the Soundings Magazine. It details Labour's roots in the Christian faith and reflects what Labour can learn now from this source.
(Author: Dr Maurice Glasman)
What are the top six reasons Christians don't get involved in politics?
An exploration of six of the biggest reasons Christians stay clear of political involvement, with responses explaining how they might be overcome. (Author: Simon Watkinson)
The History of CSM
The early Christian socialists; FD Maurice, Charles Kingsley, J M Ludlow and others, might have found little common ground with those who gathered at Kingsway Hall in 1960. Most of them knew little about socialist thought or political engagement, though (Author: Dr. Andrew Bradstock)
Christianity and Politics: A Member Reflects
A reflection on Chrisitanity and Politics by CSM member Edward Jacobs (Author: Edward Jacobs)
Government's Record on Christianity and Faith
"People should stand up for what they believe...our society will be better because people with convictions about what a good society means are playing a part in creating that society." -Prime Minister Gordon Brown (Author: )
The Politics of Integrity
In the second of his contributions to the Everything Christian site, Chris Le Marquand looks at what Christians can learn about integrity considering the recent expenses crisis etc. (Author: Chris Le Marquand)
Is Loyalty a Virtue?
In the first of a series of political blogs for Everything Christian (www.everythingchristian.co.uk), Chris Le Marquand explores the issue of loyalty from a Christian perspective. (Author: Chris Le Marquand)
Recapturing a sense of what is the Common Good.
We need collectively to be honest and realistic about what we ask our politicians to achieve, and not push them to promise what cannot or should not be delivered within the resources that we have. (Author: Richard Vautrey, Vice President, Methodist Church)
Why it's not enough just to vote
The question is, "Where are the people of God who have the prophetic insight to put things right?" (Author: Jeremy Dillon)
Ten Things Labour has done for Christian Communities
The Labour government welcomes and supports Christian communities in living out the shared values which are the foundation of healthy local communities. Here are ten things that the government has done to make real that support. (Author: Ed Cox)
Why politics ?
18 yr old David Bagg gives us his perspective on why God is calling a generation into politics. Personal calling and strong convictions in a heartfelt article. (Author: David Bagg)
Faith Matters
Monday night (9th September) saw Tony Blair deliver the first of series of seminars entitled 'New Perspectives on Faith and Development' . He concluded that 'faith matters' and that faith groups have a massive role to play in development (Author: Andy Freeman)
Taking the Next Step
Allan Davies explains how rewarding it can be to join the Labour Party, as well as the process for joining and becoming active in your local Party branch. (Author: Allan Davies)
Breaking the Mould: Politics for the next generation.
I believe that the biggest sin the church has committed is to make God appear irrelevant, uninteresting and downright boring. It's the same with many politicians. (Author: Jeremy Dillon)
Fighting the Norwich North by-election
CSM member Chris Ostrowski was Labour's candidate in Norwich. He writes about his experience. (Author: Chris Ostrowski)
Does religion have a role to play in British politics?
The interaction between religiously inspired morality and politics: One cannot remove morality from political discourse and so it is far better to have it out in public.
(Author: Mike Ion)
Politics and theology: Something to say
Simon opens our new 'Theology' section by taking on the challenge of why we should have biblical interpretation behind our politics and ethics. (Author: Simon Hall)
Good to Great: What do we expect of CSM ?
Terry Wynn brings a thought provoking look at our expectations for the movement. What do we want CSM to be and how can we rise to the challenge together and see God at work in our movement ? (Author: Terry Wynn)
The Post Secular Age
Terry Wynn sees opportunities as old presumptions fall apart. (Author: Terry Wynn)


text: The Veterans Exhibit at the Graduate Library is a collaborative project spearheaded by the University Library, Veteran Student Support Services and the Reserve Officer Training Corps. In addition to commemorating Veterans Day, the exhibit will examine the long history and continuing commitment of the University to the United States military. Additionally, it will highlight the achievements of veterans from the University's many academic departments and inform the campus community of the pressing issues returning Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans encounter as they transition back into an academic setting. Associated resources and services available to veteran students on campus are highlighted along with representations from the Library's rich collections information resources pertaining to veterans. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Main Library's North-South Corridor (1st Floor), 1408 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com < Back to Events Calendar |


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Hong Kong goes green with electricity-powered taxis
The east has always been forward in terms of technology. Recently, we've heard tidings from China, where electric taxis will soon begin doing the rounds. With the initiative kicking off in Hong Kong, these flaming red taxis will keep a substantial amount of pollutants away from the Chinese atmosphere. The fleet currently boasts 45 BYD e6 models. These cars sport a 300 mile range on a single charge.


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Plus size cocktail dresses
For women who are looking to buy the perfect plus size cocktail dresses, knowing where to shop and what style dress to purchase are factors to consider when making the purchase choice. Depending on the color, design style, the ocassion, and where you will be wearing the plus size cocktail dress, there are going to be various options to consider, and many places to turn to when you are looking to find the lowest prices on your new plus size evening dress.
Savings on plus size cocktail dresses -
In order to save on the price for your plus size white dress women have to take the time to shop around for them. There are specific retailers which cater to cheap plus size cocktail dresses, while other retailers are going to specialize in a particular style or design. Either way, choosing the right retailer, comparing online and in store dealers and retailers, comparing the style you are going for, and visiting both boutiques as well as discount retailers, are all factors for women to consider when they are trying to save on their dresses. As there are so many retail locations to shop with, and so many options for savings on the plus size cocktail dresses, women who do take their time to shop around for them, are not only going to find the savings, but will also find the style, look, and design for any ocassion.
Check Out New Cocktail Dresses for 2013!
Due to the fact that there are many discount retailers, and plus size dress makers, women who choose to shop with a specialty store will find there are more options and variety to choose from. Additionally, by visiting the specialty retailers, they are bound to find lower prices, as well as more selection, as they specifically cater to plus size women. So, whether it is a plus size white dress, or whether you are looking for something more festive and less formal, when choosing to shop for the dress with a specialty retailer, women will find the design they are looking for, and the lower price for the dress they end up choosing for the ocassion.
Sneakers – Shop the latest styles from the best brands.
Compare online & in store retailers -
When deciding on the plus size dress, it is wise to compare local retailers, as well as online sites that you can place the order with. Whether you choose to shop with an online site for a particular retailer, or whether you choose to find the dress on peer to peer sales sites (like amazon or ebay), this is going to lead to the most variety and selection, as well as the lowest pricing when you are ready to choose the dress.
The benefit of shopping in stores is that you get to try the dress on, and compare the ones you try on in order to find the one you like best, and the one which fits best. But, depending on which in store retailer you shop with, and which specialty stores you visit, you might be paying a bit more than shopping online, and in many instances this will offer limited selection if you only have a couple of retailers to choose from when making the purchase choice.
On the other hand, for women who consider shopping online, you will find far more selection, and cheaper prices since you can shop around with many sites, but you do not get to try the plus size cocktail dresses on prior to buying them. So, if this is the option you are going to choose, you have to be certain of your size, the look and style, and the overall design of the dress, in order to know you are making the right choice when purchasing the dress. With both peer to peer sites, as well as online sites for a particular retailer, you have to know the exact sizing, and what you wear, in order to ensure the right size and fit are found, and to ensure the best choice for your dress.
For women who want the most selection, the lowest price, and the right fit, you will consider both online and in store shopping. Although it will take longer, you are going to have a wide range of dresses to choose from, many color and design options, various sizes to consider, and of course, this will allow you to comparison shop for a particular dress you love, and find the lowest price on it when you are ready to make the purchase for the new dress.
Choosing the right plus size cocktail dresses for the right ocassion -
When purchasing a new plus size dress, women must keep the ocassion in mind. From a wedding to a party, to a local charity event or work event they are attending, knowing which dress and style is expected, and finding something comfortable for the event are factors to keep in mind as well when shopping for the new dress. You must consider the: color, style, design and length, features, and the overall look, and women must consider shoes, hair, and accessories they will be wearing, in order to ensure they choose the perfect plus size cocktail dresses when the time comes for them to make the purchase choice. So, considering various styles and designers, and considering the type of event, how formal or casual it is, and what kind of attire is required, will be factors to keep in mind when shopping for the new plus size dress.
No matter what size you need, what look you are going for, or what ocassion you are attending, when choosing a plus size dress for any ocassion, women should consider each of these factors. Not only will it lead to them finding the perfect fit, but it is also going to result in the greatest price, for the best looking dress. The more comparison that is done prior to purchasing, the better the final choice will be, and the more likely it is that you are going to find the perfect plus size cocktail dresses for any ocassion or event.


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$8,000 Reward for Tips on Skinned Foxes Found Dead
Lehigh Valley animal lovers are pledging thousands of dollars for tips in the case of 11 small animals found dead and skinned in a rural park.
The Lehigh Valley Pitbull Awareness Club is offering a reward for information about 11 small animals -- likely foxes -- found skinned and dead near Quarry Park in Lower Macungie Township last Friday. The animals were originally thought to be puppies. One was shot and the others appear to have been trapped. They looked to be about 6 months old, according to a Lehigh County Humane Society official. The club posted a notice of a $100 reward for information in the case on its Facebook page and donations have now swelled to $8,000, which includes a $1,000 pledged by Humane Society President Bruce Fritch. The club posted this update on Facebook Wednesday: We want to clarify two things. First, if the police, with help from the humane society and …
In this Article:


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These are the leather gloves that enable complete control of touchscreen devices while keeping the hands warm. Ideal for use with smartphones, iPads, ATMs, fuel pumps, or GPS devices, the gloves' lambskin exteriors are impregnated with conductive material during the tanning process that allows their fingers to mimic the touch of human skin for nuanced, tactile control of capacitive touchscreen devices. Unlike traditional gloves that cannot interact with newer smartphone screens, these gloves allow accurate typing and enable any touchscreen command, such as zooming in or out via pinch gestures or scrolling through pictures with finger swipes. The 100% cashmere lining keeps hands toasty warm. Black. Women's. Presented in our signature gift box.
To ensure a proper fit in our gloves, we encourage you to measure your hand to determine your glove size.
Lifetime Guarantee
The Touchscreen Leather Gloves (Women's) comes with The Hammacher Schlemmer Lifetime Guarantee at no additional charge. If this product ever disappoints you, for any reason, you may return your Hammacher Schlemmer purchase for exchange, credit, or refund.Should you have any questions, we are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Please call 1-800-321-1484 to speak with a product specialist or email us at email@example.com to receive a response within one hour.
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Perfect Fit
By RiverRock
from Philadelphia, PA
Best Uses
These were the only touchscreen leather gloves I could find that were long enough to cover my wrists, available in size XL and stylishly feminine. Great purchase!
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top of the line gloves
By dale the skier
from bolinas ca
i planned togive them to my daughter who rides and cares for 9 horses while she texts.


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Process Monitoring and Industrial Instruments
Products for monitoring and control in industrial applications through timely measurement of critical quality and performance attributes.
Process instruments designed for accuracy, reliability and ease-of-use.
Asphalt Paving Systems
Asphalt and aggregate testing equipment including content furnaces and heavy-duty and burnoff ovens.
Flat Sheet Gauging for Metals and Web Applications
A wide range of online, non-contact thickness measurement and coating weight gauges for flat-sheet applications in the steel, aluminum, plastics, rubber, textiles and converting industries.
Bulk Weighing, Monitoring, and Sampling
Bulk weighing and monitoring products including conveyor belt scales, weighbelt feeders, tramp metal detectors, coal and mineral sampling systems, level indicators, conveyor safety switches and a variety of other specialty process control instruments.
Flow, Density, and Level Measurement
Flow measurement instrumentation to help customers manage critical processes, including production and distribution, in real time.
Cement, Coal, Minerals Sampling and Online Analysis
Analyzers to provide full analysis of raw materials for quality control.
Handheld & Mobile XRF Analyzers
Lightweight and rugged, our portable XRF analyzers are purpose-built for taking measurements anywhere, anytime with accurate results available in seconds, rather than the hours or days it can take for a traditional testing laboratory.
Checkweighers, Metal Detectors, and X-ray Inspection
Control underfill and overfill, detect metal contaminants and other dense foreign objects in packaged, bulk and piped food as well as pharmaceuticals with Thermo Scientific* inspection systems.
Handheld Material Verification
No matter how complex your material identification challenge, we put the solution in the palm of your hands.
ESD, EMC and TLP Test Systems
Simulators and test systems to test electronic products, components and sub-systems for compliance to national, international and industry ESD and EMC standards.
Material Characterization and Testing
Lab extruders and mixers, mini-injection moulder, compounders, rheometers and viscometers to best characterize your materials.


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Cyclists will take to area streets Saturday, Aug. 4, during the eighth annual R.A.C.K., or Ride Around Central Kentucky, Tour.
Taking off from the Grayson County Fairgrounds, the tour will wind along Salt River Road and other, less-traveled routes over toward Big Clifty. There will be four routes: 15 miles, 30 miles, 46 miles and 62 miles, with the longer rides skirting into Hardin and Hart counties.
Tours will have staggered starting times, with the longer rides leaving at about 7:30 a.m., the 30-mile tour departing at 8 a.m., and the 15-mile tour leaving at 8:30 a.m.
All rides are expected with wrap up around 1 p.m. back at the fairgrounds, where a barbecue and social will be held, said Joyce Embry of Embry's Bike Shop, who's organized most of the ride.
Last year's tour drew about 160 riders. Embry said she expects that many or more Saturday, and noted they've already been contacted by cyclists fro Indiana, Arkansas and Tennessee.
Safety is one of the overriding concerns of the R.A.C.K. Tour. On Monday, Embry said she and her husband, Rick, spent three hours Sunday marking routes, and still had more to do.
In addition to some signs, the Embrys use cycling symbols to mark the route. Those color-coded symbols, spray painted on the edge of the road, help riders stay on their routes and warn them of upcoming turns. They will receive "cue" sheets advising them what symbols to look for.
Cyclists will also have ride leaders for each tour. And there are a couple of rules that are inflexible, Embry said: all riders must wear helmets, and riders under age 16 must be accompanied by adults.
The tours are free, thanks in major part to the Grayson County Tourism Commission, Embry said. A $500 donation from that group is used to pay for food, drinks, fruit and other supplies for the riders, with any leftover funds used for signs.
"SAG," or "support and gear," stops are planned at different spots for all four rides. K's Cafe in Clarkson, for example, will be the resting point for the 15-mile ride. At these stops, riders can get light snacks such as fresh fruit and catch their breath.
Pre-registration is required to participate in R.A.C.K. To register, contact Embry's Bike Shop at (270) 259-3900 or Joyce Embry at (270) 259-5330 after business hours.
While safety for the cyclists is a top concern, Embry said safety for motorists also comes into play. She urged Grayson County drivers to watch for cyclists along the roads Saturday morning and early afternoon.