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July 12, 2007 Baghdad airstrike
July 12, 2007 Baghdad airstrike | |||||
Part of Post-invasion Iraq | |||||
Casualties and losses | |||||
Press reports of number killed vary from 12[1][2] to "over 18".[3][4] 12 of the dead were civilians.[5] 2 children were wounded.[6][7] |
The July 12, 2007 Baghdad airstrikes were a series of air-to-ground attacks conducted by a team of two United States Army AH-64 Apache helicopters in Al-Amin al-Thaniyah, in the district of New Baghdad in Baghdad, during the Iraqi insurgency and US military occupation of Iraq which followed the Iraq War. The attacks received worldwide coverage following the release of 39 minutes of classified cockpit gunsight footage in 2010.
In the first strike "Crazyhorse 1/8" and "Crazyhorse 1/9" directed 30mm cannon fire at a group of nine to eleven[8][9] men, of whom one had an AK-47 and another an RPG-7;[10][11][12][13] most were unarmed;[14][15] two were war correspondents for Reuters: Saeed Chmagh and Namir Noor-Eldeen, whose cameras were mistaken for weapons. Eight[8] men, including Noor-Eldeen, were killed; Chmagh was wounded.
The second airstrike using 30 mm fire was directed at Chmagh and two other unarmed men as they were attempting to help Chmagh into their van. Two children inside the van were wounded, three more men were killed, including Chmagh and the children's father.[9]
In a third airstrike the helicopter team fired three AGM-114 Hellfire missiles to destroy a building after they had observed men enter, some of whom appeared to be armed.[16][17][18]
Reuters had unsuccessfully requested the footage of the airstrikes under the Freedom of Information Act in 2007. The footage was acquired from an undisclosed source in 2009 by the Internet leak website WikiLeaks, which released the footage on April 5, 2010, under the name Collateral Murder. Recorded from the gunsight Target Acquisition and Designation System of one of the attacking helicopters, the video shows the three incidents and the radio chatter between the aircrews and ground units involved. An anonymous US military official confirmed the authenticity of the footage.[19]
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According to Tom Cohen, a reporter at CNN, "the soldiers of Bravo Company 2-16 Infantry had been under fire all morning from rocket-propelled grenades and small arms on the first day of Operation Ilaaj in Baghdad".[20] Al Jazeera stated that the Army had received "reports of small arms fire", but were unable to positively identify the gunmen. Apache helicopters were called in by a soldier in the Humvee (Hotel 2/6) under attack from the same position used by Namir Noor-Eldeen to photograph the vehicle.[21] According to a military review, soldiers in that company "had been under sporadic small arms and rocket propelled grenade fire since" the operation—described as "clearing their sector and looking for weapons caches"—began.[22]
The Air Weapons Team (AWT) of two Apache AH-64s (part of the 1st Cavalry Division) had been requested by the Army's 2–16 Infantry Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Ralph Kauzlarich, before July 12 to support Operation Ilaaj. Tasked to conduct escort, armed reconnaissance patrols, counter-IED and counter-mortar operations, the two helicopters left Camp Taji at 9:24am. They arrived on station in New Baghdad at 9:53am, where, according to the official report, sporadic attacks on coalition forces continued.[23]
Attack on personnel[edit]
On the morning of July 12, 2007, the crews of two United States Army AH-64 Apache helicopters observed a gathering of men near an open air section of Baghdad from a distance of up to 800 meters.[8][20] The crews estimated that group was made up of twenty men.[24] This group included two members of staff from the Reuters news service, Namir Noor-Eldeen and Saeed Chmagh.[20][25][26][27][28] While the two were carrying media cards, identifying themselves as journalists, an Army investigation states that they were not wearing distinctive clothing identifying themselves as such.[29] The helicopter crews mistook the photographic equipment carried by Chmagh and Noor-eldeen for weapons.[30]
A crew member reported seeing "five to six individuals with AK-47s" and requested authorization to engage.[20] The men then became obscured behind a building.[20] Once some men became visible again, both helicopters strafed a group of around ten men with 30 mm rounds.[19][20][31] Several men were killed, including Noor-Eldeen, and others wounded, including Chmagh.[8][20][26] The crew members can later be heard chuckling to the fact that a Bradley (tank) rolled over a dead body.
Attack on a van[edit]
The wounded Chmagh was crawling on the ground,[26][32] when a van appeared at the scene.[20][26][32] In the van was Saleh Mutashar, taking his two children age nine and six to visit his brother.[33] They saw an injured man lying on the street.[34] The van had no visible markings to suggest it was an ambulance or a protected vehicle.[10] Mutashar said to "take him to [a] hospital".[34] In the helicopter, the crew saw unarmed[26] men attempted to carry Chmagh into the van.[20][26][32] The watching helicopter crews requested permission to engage, stating "…looks like [the men] possibly uh, picking up bodies and weapons" from the scene,[35] and after repeating their request by "Let me engage" and "Come on, let us shoot!",[36][37][38][39][40] received permission to open fire on the van and its occupants.[20][26][32] From the 30 mm fire shot at the van, sitting in the front seat, both children were wounded but survived.[20][26][32] Chmagh was killed[20][26][32] along with the children's father.[34] Sajad Mutashar, one of the surviving children later told a reporter: "We were coming back and we saw an injured man. My father said, let's take him to hospital. Then I heard only the bullets ... Why did they shoot us?"[34]
Attack on a building[edit]
There is a period of 20 minutes not included on the leaked tape.[41] According to the internal legal review, the helicopters engaged a group of armed insurgents, and that some were seen entering a nearby building.[8]
As the tape resumes, two men holding objects are seen walking. They split up and the footage focuses on one who appears to be armed.[18] He walks into a building, after which the helicopter crew reports that "there's at least six individuals in that building with weapons". They request permission to fire a missile at the building, describing it at first as "abandoned" and or "under construction". The ground controller responds, "If you've PIDed the individuals in the building with weapons, go ahead and engage the building". The gunner then takes a few moments to ready a Hellfire missile, during which two more seemingly unarmed men are seen entering the building.[18] One member notices this saying, "Got more individuals in there". As the gunner prepares to fire the first missile, a man is seen walking along the street in front of the building. The missile is fired and hits the building in a large explosion through which the man can no longer be seen. Afterwards, Crazyhorse 1/8 asks for permission to fire another Hellfire a few times. Once granted, they take a few moments to ready another missile, during which several people are seen walking around the debris from the first missile.[42]
WikiLeaks said in the preface to one of their videos of the incident that "some of the men appear to have been armed [although] the behavior of nearly everyone was relaxed" in the introductory text of the shorter video.[43] Julian Assange said "permission to engage was given before the word 'RPG' was ever used".[43] Politifact states: "When Assange points out in the context of justifying the title "Collateral Murder" that the word "RPG" was not used until after the permission to engage was given, he leaves the impression that the soldiers were given the okay to open fire on a group of unarmed men, or men believed to be unarmed. But the video and accompanying audio make clear that the soldiers in the helicopter said they spotted "weapons" among those in the group. -- later identified by an army investigator as an AK-47, RPG rounds[44] and 2 RPG launchers, one of which was loaded.[8][45] Assange later acknowledged "Based upon visual evidence I suspect there probably were AKs and an RPG, but I'm not sure that means anything,"[10] Assange stated that initial attempts to evacuate the wounded children to a nearby US military hospital were blocked by US military command.[46] The legal review carried out by the US Army states that the two children were evacuated to the 28th Combat Support Hospital via Forward Operating Base Loyalty, then transferred to an Iraqi medical facility the next day.[8]
Fox News said that of the attack "WikiLeaks appears to have done selective editing that tells only half the story. For instance, the Web site takes special care to slow down the video and identify the two photographers and the cameras they are carrying.... The Web site does not slow down the video to show that at least one man in that group was carrying a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, a clearly visible weapon that runs nearly two-thirds the length of his body. WikiLeaks also does not point out that at least one man was carrying an AK-47 assault rifle. He is seen swinging the weapon below his waist while standing next to the man holding the RPG."[10]
The Guardian stated "It is unclear if some of the men are armed but Noor-Eldeen can be seen with a camera".[26] Glenn Greenwald of Salon.com said that "the vast majority of the men were clearly unarmed".[47] Greenwald called the second airstrike a "plainly unjustified killing of a group of unarmed men carrying away an unarmed, seriously wounded man to safety".[47] The Australian newspaper said the group was displaying "no obvious hostile action".[48]
In The Independent on April 8, 2010, human rights activist Joan Smith asserts that the engagements were as a game to the helicopter crew. She writes that the co-pilot urged a dying, unarmed journalist to pick up a weapon as he tried to crawl to safety; and claims that the footage shows "...the Apache crew opening fire on civilians...".[49] When the crew were informed that a child had been injured by their attack, one commented "Well, it's their fault for bringing kids into a battle".[49] Smith describes this reaction as inhuman. She draws parallels with soldiers who suffered post-traumatic stress disorder in earlier wars. She continues "...the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are inflicting huge psychological damage on combatants".[49] In refusing to recognise this, the US military fails both its own soldiers and their "victims".[49] Command structures need to be in place to identify "combatants with serious psychological problems",[49] she concludes.
On Democracy Now!, Josh Stieber, a conscientious objector who was at the time assigned to Bravo Company 2–16, said that although it's natural to "judge or criticize the soldiers", in fact "this is how [they] were trained to act". He said that the debate should be re-framed, that it is more appropriate to ask "questions of the larger system" that teaches "doing these things is in the best interests of my own country".[50] In a later interview on the World Socialist Web Site, Stieber said that the attack "exposes so clearly the fallacy of using war as a tool of foreign policy or as a way to supposedly spread "freedom and democracy" around the world".[51]
Ethan McCord, a soldier who arrived on the scene after the attack, stated in an interview for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation:
From being in the perspective of the Apache helicopter crew, I can see where a group of men gathering, when there's a firefight just a few blocks away, which I was involved in, and they're carrying weapons, one of which is an RPG. ... Their overall mission that day was to protect us, to provide support for us, so I can see where the initial attack on the group of men was warranted. However, personally I don't feel that the attack on the van was warranted. I think that the people could have been deterred from doing what they were doing in the van by simply firing a few warning shots versus completely obliterating the van and its occupants.[52][53]
On June 7, 2010, The New Yorker reported that Kristinn Hrafnsson, an investigative reporter who worked on the Collateral Murder video and has since become a spokesman for WikiLeaks,[54] claimed to have found the owner of the building who said that three families had been living in there and seven residents had died, including his wife and daughter.[18] The report stated that the helicopter crew did not know how many people were in the building when they destroyed it with missiles, and that "there is evidence that unarmed people have both entered and are nearby".[18] It concludes that an investigating officer would want to know how the armed men were identified as combatants from the earlier engagement; would question the nature of the collateral-damage estimate carried out by the crew before the missiles were launched; and would wish to determine whether a missile attack was a proportionate response to the threat.
A Pentagon spokesman insisted the video did not contradict the official finding that the helicopters' crew acted within the rules of engagement and said that the inquiry backed the assessment that the group of men was carrying a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG).[55]
2007–2009 coverage[edit]
On the day of the attack the US military reported that the two journalists were killed along with nine insurgents, and that the helicopter engagement was related to a US troop raid force that had been attacked by small-arms fire and RPGs.[56] US forces spokesman Lieutenant Colonel Scott Bleichwehl later stated: "There is no question that coalition forces were clearly engaged in combat operations against a hostile force".[56]
The Washington Post reported it was unclear whether the journalists were killed by U.S. fire or by shooting from the targeted Iraqis. Captain James Hall stated they couldn't drive in Bradleys in fear of running over bodies. Major Brent Cummings claimed they took great pains to prevent the loss of innocent civilian lives.[57]
Reuters reported that it could locate no witnesses who had seen gunmen in the immediate area. Reuters also stated that local police described the attack as "random American bombardment".[58] Reuters subsequently asked the US military to probe the deaths. They asked for an explanation of the confiscation of the journalists' two cameras, access to the on-board footage and voice communications from the helicopters involved, and access to the reports of the units involved in the incident, particularly logs of weapons taken from the scene.[58]
The Pentagon blocked an attempt by Reuters to obtain the gunsight footage of the incident through the Freedom of Information Act.[26] In a personal statement during his court martial, Bradley Manning stated that the military did have access to this information, and was actively examining it, yet denied access partially on the basis that the information may no longer exist.[59]
An internal legal review by staff at Forward Operating Base Loyalty in Iraq during July 2007 stated that the helicopters had attacked a number of armed insurgents within the rules of engagement, and that in an apparent case of collateral damage two reporters working for Reuters had also been killed. The review would not be released in full until 2010, after the video of the incident had been released by WikiLeaks.[2]
Washington Post reporter David Finkel, who at the time was embedded with Bravo Company 2–16 Infantry, later covered the incidents of the day in his book, The Good Soldiers.[60] However, this was later disputed by Bradley Manning's personal statements to court. In this statement, Manning agrees that parts of Finkel's account are quoted from the same source "verbatim", yet asserts that other events from the source were clearly fabricated by Finkel.[59]
Coverage from 2010[edit]
Leaked video footage[edit]
Early in 2010, the internet leak site WikiLeaks made a public request for assistance in decrypting a video it described as "US bomb strikes on civilians", specifically requesting access to supercomputer time.[61] The site stated on its Twitter account on January 8, 2010, that it had a copy of gunsight footage of the incidents,[62] and announced that it would release it by March 21.[63] The footage was released during an April 5 press conference at the National Press Club, and subsequently under a designated website titled "Collateral Murder". WikiLeaks stated that the footage shows the "murder of Iraqi civilians and two Reuters journalists".[64][65] WikiLeaks identified the leak's source as "a number of military whistleblowers".[46] Speaking to Reuters on condition of anonymity, a U.S. Defense official confirmed the authenticity of the leaked audio and video.[19] The military reported that it could not find its copy of the video.[66]
WikiLeaks released a 39-minute version, which shows all three incidents, and a 17 minute version, which shows only the first two incidents. Highlighted in the 17 minute version of the video are Noor-Eldeen with a camera and Chmagh talking on his mobile phone.[26] Both videos depict the attack on the van, van driver, and two other men, and the aftermath when the two seriously injured children were evacuated by US ground forces who arrived on the scene.[46] The longer video shows the third attack, in which Hellfire missiles were fired into a building.[18]
WikiLeaks' rationale for their title of the footage[edit]
In an Al Jazeera English interview on April 19, 2010, WikiLeaks' Julian Assange explained why WikiLeaks titled the video "Collateral Murder":
And you can see that they also deliberately target Saaed, a wounded man there on the ground, despite their earlier belief that they didn't have the rules of engagement — that the rules of engagement did not permit them to kill Saeed when he was wounded. When he is rescued, suddenly that belief changed. You can see in this particular image he is lying on the ground and the people in the van have been separated, but they still deliberately target him. This is why we called it Collateral Murder. In the first example maybe it's collateral exaggeration or incompetence when they strafe the initial gathering, this is recklessness bordering on murder, but you couldn't say for sure that was murder. But this particular event — this is clearly murder.[67]
Regarding the title Toby Harnden in the Daily Telegraph wrote: "Oddly enough, it was Stephen Colbert, ostensibly a comedian, who skewered him":
The army described this as a group that gave resistance at the time, that doesn't seem to be happening. But there are armed men in the group, they did find a rocket propelled grenade among the group, the Reuters photographers who were regrettably killed, were not identified…You have edited this tape, and you have given it a title called 'collateral murder.' That's not leaking, that's a pure editorial.
According to Harnden "Assange admitted that he was seeking to manipulate and create 'maximum political impact'."[68][69][70][71][72] Dan Kennedy wrote in The Guardian "Even the comedian Stephen Colbert, in an interview with Assange, dropped his rightwing-blowhard persona momentarily to make a serious point, calling the edited version 'emotional manipulation'".[73]
Bill Keller of The New York Times wrote "But in its zeal to make the video a work of antiwar propaganda, WikiLeaks also released a version that didn't call attention to an Iraqi who was toting a rocket-propelled grenade and packaged the manipulated version under the tendentious rubric Collateral Murder."[4] The New York Times reported that "Critics contend that the shorter video was misleading because it did not make clear that the attacks took place amid clashes in the neighborhood and that one of the men was carrying a rocket-propelled grenade."[74]
Reactions to the video footage[edit]
Capt. Jack Hanzlik, a spokesman for U.S. Central Command stated that the airstrike video "gives you a limited perspective, [it] only tells you a portion of the activity that was happening that day. Just from watching that video, people cannot understand the complex battles that occurred. You are seeing only a very narrow picture of the events." Hanzlik said images gathered during a military investigation of the incident show multiple weapons around the dead bodies in the courtyard, including at least three RPGs. "Our forces were engaged in combat all that day with individuals that fit the description of the men in that video. Their age, their weapons, and the fact that they were within the distance of the forces that had been engaged made it apparent these guys were potentially a threat."[10][75] Also, WikiLeaks "does not point out that at least one man was carrying an AK-47 assault rifle. He is seen swinging the weapon below his waist while standing next to the man holding the RPG". The Wikileaks edited video did not add arrows pointing to these men, nor did they label them, as was done with the men carrying cameras. WikiLeaks did, in fact, state "some of the men appear to have been armed [although] the behavior of nearly everyone was relaxed" in the introductory text of the shorter video.[43] In an interview with Fox News Assange acknowledged that "it's likely some of the individuals seen in the video were carrying weapons". He explained, "based upon visual evidence I suspect there probably were AKs and an RPG, but I'm not sure that means anything ... Nearly every Iraqi household has a rifle or an AK. Those guys could have just been protecting their area". Fox News later stated that "although it could be argued AK-47 rifles are common household items, RPGs are not". A draft version of the video WikiLeaks produced made reference to the AK-47s and RPGs, but WikiLeaks said that ultimately they became unsure about the RPG, believing the long object could have been a camera tripod, so they decided not to point it out in the released version.[10]
US Defense Secretary Robert Gates criticised WikiLeaks for releasing the video without providing any context. "These people can put out anything they want, and they're never held accountable for it. There's no before and there's no after". Gates remarked that the video provides the public a view of warfare "as seen through a soda straw."[76] Gates stated: "They're in a combat situation. The video doesn't show the broader picture of the firing that was going on at American troops. It's obviously a hard thing to see. It's painful to see, especially when you learn after the fact what was going on. But you -- you talked about the fog of war. These people were operating in split second situations."[22][77]
The New Yorker praised its release, calling it "a striking artifact – an unmediated representation of the ambiguities and cruelties of modern warfare".[3] Julian Assange said "it's ludicrous to allege that we have taken anything out of context in this video".[10]
Daniel Ellsberg, a former United States military analyst best known for leaking the Pentagon Papers to the media, said of the airstrike:
It would be interesting to have someone speculate or tell us exactly what context would lead to justifying the killing that we see on the screen. As the killing goes on, you obviously would see the killing of men who are lying on the ground in an operation where ground troops are approaching and perfectly capable of taking those people captive, but meanwhile you're murdering before the troops arrive. That's a violation of the laws of war and of course what the mainstream media have omitted from their stories is this context.[78]
Gabriel Schoenfeld, Senior Fellow at the far-right Hudson Institute said of the airstrike:.
It is precisely the presence of weapons, including RPGs, that goes a long distance toward explaining why cameramen for Reuters—pointing television cameras around corners in a battle zone—were readily mistaken by our gunships for insurgents. The video makes plain that in this incident, as in almost all military encounters in both Iraq and Afghanistan, our soldiers are up against forces that do not wear uniforms—a violation of international law precisely because it places innocent civilians in jeopardy.Responsibility for civilian deaths in such encounters rests with those who violate the rules of war.
The Wikileaks videos also do not reveal the hundreds upon hundreds of cases in which American forces refrain from attacking targets precisely because civilians are in harm's way.[79]
Subsequent mainstream media coverage[edit]
Publicity of the incident ballooned following the release of the footage. The event was covered by Al Jazeera English, RT[80] and Reuters,[19] and was also followed by organizations including The Washington Post,[81] the New York Times,[2] the Christian Science Monitor,[82] the BBC,[65] and CNN.[31]
Assange stated that some of the press had not reported on the third airstrike, in which three Hellfire missiles were fired onto an apartment complex, which only appears in the longer unedited version of the two videos.[32]
In an interview on NPR on April 6th, the day after the Collateral Murder video release, David Finkel pointed out that the Reuters reporters were not embedded with anyone, but working independently. He also gave his view of the context of the killings:
the Reuters guys walked into the hottest spot of a very hot morning. There had been running gun battles. There had been a lot of RPG, grenade fire and so on, and they were doing what journalists do. They heard about something, they came to it and they just wanted – from everything I've learned since, they were just there to get that side of the story.[83]
Finkel had reported the day in his book, The Good Soldiers,[60] including conversations which closely matched the subsequently leaked video footage. On the same day as the NPR interview, Finkel was asked how he had gotten a chance to see the unedited video and whether WikiLeaks had shown it to him. He responded, "I hadn't heard of WikiLeaks before yesterday. I based the account in my book on multiple sources, all unclassified".[84] WikiLeaks co-founder Julian Assange said that Finkel had seen the video and that at least one individual at the offices of the Washington Post had a copy of the video for at least a year, prior to its release by WikiLeaks.[78] The Washington Post has denied having any copy of the unedited video prior to WikiLeaks release of their edited version, and Finkel (who was on book leave from the Washington Post at the time) has said that he has never made any statement about his sources for the story, except that it was "sourced [...] from unclassified information and my presence in the area that day".[85]
Interviews with Ethan McCord[edit]
Ethan McCord, the soldier seen in the video carrying the injured boy, recalled in an interview on The Marc Steiner Show that on arrival at the scene, "The first thing I did was run up to the van...". After attending the girl's wounds and handing her to a medic, McCord was ordered to take position on the roof but he returned to the van to find the boy moving his hand. "I grabbed him and ran to the Bradley myself". McCord states he was yelled at for not "pulling security." "The first thing I thought of ... was my children at home". He later sought help for psychological trauma, but was ridiculed by his NCO and told that if he were to go to the mental health officer, "there would be repercussions".[86]
McCord discussed his experience in the battle in an interview with the World Socialist Web Site on April 28th, 2010, stating, "What happened then was not an isolated incident. Stuff like that happens on a daily basis in Iraq."[87] McCord also recalled being ordered to "kill every motherfucker on the street" in the event of an attack on their convoy. Describing doubts over his initial enthusiasm in Iraq, McCord said that "I didn't understand why people were throwing rocks at us, why I was being shot at and why we're being blown up, when I have it in my head that I was here to help these people... The first real serious doubt, where I could no longer justify to myself being in Iraq or serving in the Army, was on that day in July 2007."[87] In this interview, McCord reports that repercussions for seeking mental health help could include being labeled as a "malingerer," a crime under U.S. military law.[87]
McCord requested mental health assistance following his experiences in July 12, but was told by his superior officers to "get the sand out of [his] vagina" and to "suck it up and be a soldier."[88]
When interviewed by Wired, McCord stated that he supported Wikileaks in releasing the video, with some qualifications: "When it was first released I don't think it was done in the best manner that it could have been. They were stating that these people had no weapons whatsoever, that they were just carrying cameras. In the video, you can clearly see that they did have weapons … to the trained eye." McCord added, "I don't say that Wikileaks did a bad thing, because they didn't…. I think it is good that they're putting this stuff out there. I don't think that people really want to see this, though, because this is war…. It's very disturbing."[89]
James Spione has made a short documentary film about the airstrikes called Incident in New Baghdad, featuring a first-person account from Ethan McCord. It was nominated as a Documentary Short Subject for the 84th Academy Awards.[90]
In an interview with Russia Today, McCord stated that he became suicidal after the incident, and attempted suicide on two occasions.[91]
Arrest of Bradley Manning[edit]
Wikinews has related news: |
In May 2010, a 22-year-old American Army intelligence analyst named Bradley Manning was arrested after telling Adrian Lamo he had leaked the airstrike video, along with a video of another airstrike and around 260,000 diplomatic cables, to WikiLeaks.[92][93] The chats between Manning and Lamo were revealed to the public by Wired.[94] At that time of June 7, 2011, Manning had not yet been formally charged.[92][93] Instead Manning was held under a "Prevention of Injury" assignment until April 2011, which Daniel Ellsberg, source of the 1971 released Pentagon Papers, and David House, starter of the Bradley Manning Support Network, called "no-touch torture" which David House said caused Manning to "degrade over time -- physically, mentally and emotionally." Dennis Kucinich and Daniel Ellsberg compared the treatment to what happened inside the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq (e.g. nudity, isolation, harassment, sleep-deprivation).[95][96][97][98][99] Manning said that the diplomatic documents expose "almost criminal political back dealings" and that they explain "how the first world exploits the third, in detail".[100][101] WikiLeaks said "allegations in Wired that we have been sent 260,000 classified US embassy cables are, as far as we can tell, incorrect".[101] WikiLeaks have said that they are unable as yet to confirm whether or not Manning was actually the source of the video, stating "we never collect personal information on our sources", but saying also that "if Brad Manning [is the] whistleblower then, without doubt, he's a national hero"[101] and "we have taken steps to arrange for his protection and legal defence".[92]
As of April 2011 he has been charged with 34 separate counts, including 4 counts that directly mention a "2007 July 12 Baghdad video". The counts that mention the video include violation of McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950 modification of the Espionage Act of 1917), as well as (the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986), and Army Regulation 25-2 Paragraph 4-6(k).[102]
(theLegality of the attacks[edit]
In an June 7 article in The New Yorker, Raffi Khatchadourian addressed several issues involved in determining the legality of the attacks, including "proportionality", "positive identification" ("reasonable certainty" that the target has hostile intent), and "the treatment of casualties during an ongoing military operation".[103] Mark Taylor, an expert on international law and a director at the Fafo Institute for International Studies in Norway, has stated that there is "a case to be made that a war crime may have been committed".[104] An article in Gawker stated that Reuters reporter Luke Baker had written an article claiming that the airstrikes may have been war crimes, but the editor in chief of Reuters declined to run the story.[105]
Military legal review[edit]
On April 5, 2010, the same day as the release of the video footage by WikiLeaks, the United States Central Command, which oversees the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, released a collection of documents including two investigative reports.[2][23] Pentagon officials told the Reuters news agency that US military lawyers were reviewing the video and could reopen an investigation into the incident,[66] but said more recently that there are no plans to reopen the investigation.[106]
The report states that at least two members of the group which were first fired on were armed, that two RPGs and one AKM or AK-47 rifle could be seen in the helicopter video, and that these weapons were picked up by the follow-up U.S. ground troops. The report concludes that the Reuters employees were in the company of armed insurgents. It also states that "The cameras could easily be mistaken for slung AK-47 or AKM rifles, especially since neither cameraman is wearing anything that identifies him as media or press".[20] The report recommends encouraging journalists in Iraq to wear special vests to identify themselves, and to keep the U.S. military updated about their whereabouts. Reporters' "furtive attempts to photograph the Coalition Ground Forces made them appear as hostile combatants".[11][107]
Incident according to the report[edit]
Attack on personnel and a van per US Army report account[edit]
According to the U.S. Army investigation report released by the United States Central Command, the engagement started at 10:20 Iraqi local time and ended at 10:41. A unit from Bravo Company 2–16 was within 100 meters of the individuals that were fired upon with 30mm AH-64 Apache cannons. The company was charged with clearing their sector of any small armed forces, and had been under fire from small arms and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs). The company was supported by two Apache helicopters from the 1st Cavalry Division's Aviation Brigade, callsigns "Crazyhorse 1/8" and "Crazyhorse 1/9". Two men were identified by Crazyhorse 1/8 as carrying an RPG launcher and an AKM or AK-47. When the cameraman on the ground aimed his camera in the direction of Bravo Company 2–16, a pilot remarked "He's getting ready to fire". An Apache maneuvered around a building to get a clear field of fire and shot all nine men, killing eight. A van then arrived and attempted to load a wounded man. After getting permission to fire, the Apache crew fired on the van. When Bravo Company arrived at the scene, they reported finding two RPGs and an AK-47 or AKM. They also found two Canon EOS digital cameras with telephoto lenses. Two children were found in the van, a four year old girl with gunshot wounds and embedded windscreen glass wounds and an eight year old boy with multiple wounds, including brain damage arising from shrapnel damage to his right temporal lobe. Both children were evacuated to the 28th Combat Support Hospital via Forward Operating Base Loyalty, then transferred to an Iraqi medical facility the next day.[8] This account of first bringing the wounded children to the Combat Support Hospital appears to be contradicted by orders by radio that form part of the video record, which forbids it and orders that the children be handed over to local police.[108]
While the Air Weapons Team was providing support at the first engagement area they were informed by ground troops that they were receiving small arms fire from the south/southwest. The crew for Crazyhorse 1/8 then located multiple individuals with weapons about 400 meters east of coalition forces and was given clearance to engage the targets. However, the co-pilot/gunner then observed a child and some other non-combatants in the vicinity of the individuals and decided to hold off on the engagement until the non-combatants were clear. After the non-combatants were clear Crazyhorse 1/8 engaged the targets. The crew for Crazyhorse 1/9 could not engage due to target obfuscation from buildings and dust.[8]
The team observed several individuals from this group, some possibly wounded, run into a large multistory building. The co-pilot/gunner for Crazyhorse 1/9 spotted three individuals near this building get into a red SUV and drive away to the west. For about 5 to 10 minutes the team diverted its attention to this vehicle. However, according to the co-pilot for Crazyhorse 1/8 they failed to positively identify the occupants as combatants and returned to the previous engagement area.[8]
Attack on building per US Army report account[edit]
The events between the attack on the van and the attack on the building (approximately 30 minutes) were not captured on the leaked video footage.[109] The military did not include the attack on the building in their report.[18]
Assange comments regarding US Army report[edit]
Assange responded to the investigation report released by the Army in an interview with Democracy Now!, stating that "the tone and language is all about trying to find an excuse for the activity... It's very clear that that is the approach, to try and find any mechanism to excuse the behavior, and that is what ended up happening".[32] Assange also stated that the building attacked by missiles was not abandoned, and that WikiLeaks had evidence that "there were three families living in that apartment complex, many of whom were killed, including women".[32]
In May 2011 the Barcelona Human Rights Film Festival awarded the investigative film Collateral murder, Hellfire, done by Kristinn Hrafnsson, Wikileaks spokesperson, and Ingi Ingason, with the award for International Journalism and Human Rights.[110]
In June 2011 the Federation of German Scientists (VDW) awarded the "Whistleblower Award" to the person who made the video "Collateral Murder" public via WikiLeaks.[111][112]
Media representations[edit]
- Incident in New Baghdad a 2011 Oscar-nominated short documentary film about the Baghdad airstrike.
- Documentary: Permission to Engage: Collateral Murder through the eyes of victims' families.[113]
Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (October 2010) |
- ^ Schmitt, Eric (2010-07-25). "In Disclosing Secret Documents, WikiLeaks Seeks 'Transparency'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- ^ a b c d Bumiller, Elisabeth (2010-04-05). "Video Shows U.S. Killing of Reuters Employees". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ a b Khatchadourian, Raffi (2010-06-07). "No Secrets". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-07-10.
- ^ a b Keller, Bill (2011-01-26). "Dealing With Assange and the WikiLeaks Secrets" (adapted from introduction to the book Open Secrets). New York Times. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
- ^ Permission to Engage: WikiLeaks collateral murder footage examined : The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Thebureauinvestigates.com.
- ^ "Iraq war files: Apache Hellfire victims". Channel 4. 2010-10-22. Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- ^ "US soldier on aftermath of WikiLeaks Apache attack". BBC. 2010-10-28. Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j United States Department of the Army (2007-07-17) (PDF). Investigation into Civilian Casualties Resulting from an Engagement on 12 July 2007 in the New Baghdad District of Baghdad, Iraq (Report). Washington DC, United States: United States Central Command. http://www2.centcom.mil/sites/foia/rr/CENTCOM%20Regulation%20CCR%2025210/Death%20of%20Reuters%20Journalists/6--2nd%20Brigade%20Combat%20Team%2015-6%20Investigation.pdf.
- ^ a b "Military's Killing of 2 Journalists in Iraq Detailed in New Book". The Washington Post. 2009-09-15.
- ^ a b c d e f g Fishel, Justin (2010-04-07). "Military Raises Questions About Credibility of Leaked Iraq Shooting Video". Fox News. Retrieved 2010-04-07. "at least one man was carrying an AK-47 assault rifle. He is seen swinging the weapon below his waist while standing next to the man holding the RPG."
- ^ a b Wired (redacted internal US Army report into aftermath) http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/dangerroom/2010/04/6-2nd-brigade-combat-team-15-6-investigation.pdf
missing title (help). - ^ Gould, Joe (06-12). "2 journalists died in attack captured on leaked video". Navy Times.
- ^ Sheridan, Michael (2010-06-21). "Army Soldier: I saw RPG, AK-47s at scene in leaked WikiLeaks video; attack was 'appropriate'". New York Daily News.
- ^ Lefkow, Chris (2010-04-05). "Video posted of Apache strike which killed Reuters employees". Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
- ^ Updated: (2010-04-06). "US military slayed unarmed Iraqi reporters". The Australian. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Video Appears to Show U.S. Forces Firing on Unarmed Suspects in Baghdad". Fox News. 2010-04-05.
- ^ by Christopher Dickey (April 7, 2010). "WikiLeaks Video: What the Iraq War Looks Like". Newsweek. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g Khatchadourian, Raffi (2010-04-07). "The Use of Force". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
- ^ a b c d Alexander, David (2010-04-05). "Leaked U.S. video shows deaths of Reuters' Iraqi staffers". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cohen, Tom (2010-04-07). "Leaked video reveals chaos of Baghdad attack". CNN. Retrieved 2010-04-07. "The two photojournalists were Saeed Chmagh and Namir Noor-Eldeen. ... Chmagh surviving the initial shooting, but apparently he died when the gunship opened fire on people attempting to get him to a van that arrived, apparently to collect the wounded."
- ^ "Collateral Murder?". Al Jazeera English. 2010-04-15. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
- ^ a b "Gates said leaked military video of shooting in Iraq doesn't show the broader picture of Americans being fired upon". PolitiFact. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ a b "Records released to the public, under the FOIA, that are or will likely become the subject of subsequent requests.". United States Central Command. 2010-04-05.
- ^ "July 12, 2007 Baghdad airstrike transcript - Wikisource". En.wikisource.org. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ Cohen, Noam; Stelter, Brian (2010-04-06). "Video expands notoriety of WikiLeaks site". Seattle Times. Retrieved 2010-04-07. "left 12 people dead, including two Reuters news-agency employees ... (The Pentagon defended the killings and said no disciplinary action was taken at the time of the incident. ... Reuters had tried for 2 ½ years through the Freedom of Information Act to obtain the Iraq video, to no avail. ... WikiLeaks .. used the label Collateral Murder"
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l McGreal, Chris (2010-04-05). "WikiLeaks reveals video showing US air crew shooting down Iraqi civilians". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2010-04-07. "Among the dead were a 22-year-old Reuters photographer, Namir Noor-Eldeen, and his driver, Saeed Chmagh, 40."
- ^ Sengupta, Kim (2010-04-07). "The pictures that prove US helicopter gunships opened fire on Iraqi civilians". The Independent (London). Retrieved 2010-04-07. "among those killed were 22-year-old Namir Noor-Eldeen, a photographer carrying a camera, and his driver, Saeed Chmagh, 40, carrying out a journalistic assignment. ... an investigation shortly after the incident concluded that US forces were unaware of the presence of the Reuters team and believed they were engaging armed insurgents."
- ^ McElroy, Damien (2010-04-06). "Calls for inquiry into Apache attack on Iraqi civilians". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 2010-04-07. "Namir Noor-Eldeen and Saeed Chmagh, two cameramen for the Reuters news agency, were among 15 people killed in the attacks ... The Pentagon acknowledged the authenticity of the video but a spokesman insisted the video did not contradict the official finding that the helicopters' crew acted within the rules of engagement."
- ^ Hodge, Nathan (2010-04-07). "U.S. Military Releases Redacted Records on 2007 Apache Attack, Questions Linger | Danger Room". Wired.com. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Secretive website WikiLeaks may be posting more U.S. military video". CNN. 2010-06-21.
- ^ a b "Video shows deaths of two Reuters journalists in Iraq in 2007". CNN. 2010-04-06. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Goodman, Amy (2010-04-06). "Massacre Caught on Tape: US Military Confirms Authenticity of Their Own Chilling Video Showing Killing of Journalists". Democracy Now. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Families of Victims of 2007 US Helicopter Killing React to Leaked Video. Democracynow.org.
- ^ a b c d "Video shows 'US attack' on Iraqis". Al Jazeera English. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Collateral Murder (Internet video). Iraq: WikiLeaks. 2007-07-12.
- ^ Leaked U.S. video shows deaths of Reuters' Iraqi staffers. Reuters.
- ^ Grim truths of Wikileaks Iraq video | Douglas Haddow | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk. Guardian (2010-04-07).
- ^ "Let Us Shoot". Big American Night (2010-04-05).
- ^ 'Let Us Shoot': US Troops Fire On Journalists. News.sky.com.
- ^ Legal Glance on the Baghdad Helicopter Shooting | Peščanik. Pescanik.net (2012-11-13).
- ^ Barrowclough, Nikki (2010-05-22). "Keeper of secrets". The Age (Melbourne).
- ^ "Collateral Murder Op Ed". Dispatches. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
- ^ a b c Robert Farley (2010-04-14). "WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange tells Colbert permission to engage was given before the word RPG was ever used". Politifact.com.
- ^ "Gates said leaked military video of shooting in Iraq doesn't show the broader picture of Americans being fired upon". PolitiFact. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Wikileaks founder Julian Assange tells Colbert permission to engage was given before the word RPG was ever used". PolitiFact. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ a b c "Collateral Murder". WikiLeaks. 2010-04-05. Archived from the original on 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ a b Greenwald, Glenn (5 April 2010). "WikiLeaks releases video of slaughter in Iraq".
- ^ Norington, Brad (2010-04-07). "Military shooting of Reuters men online". The Australian. Retrieved 2010-06-24.
- ^ a b c d e Smith, Joan (2010-04-08). "Joan Smith: Now we see what war does to those who wage it". The Independent (London). Retrieved 2010-04-08.
- ^ "'This Is How These Soldiers Were Trained to Act'–Veteran of Military Unit Involved in 2007 Baghdad Helicopter Shooting Says Incident Is Part of Much Larger Problem". 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
- ^ "US soldier on Baghdad airstrike: "Not out of the ordinary in Iraq"". World Socialist Web SIte. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
- ^ YouTube, (ddchalmers channel) Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Lateline (2010-04-29). "2 soldiers in 'Collateral Murder' video apologize. (quote begins at 5:15)". YouTube, (ddchalmers channel) Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Lateline, Reporter David Mark (2010-04-29). "Soldiers in 'Collateral Murder' video apologise". Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Lateline. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ Greenberg, Andy. Forbes http://blogs.forbes.com/andygreenberg/2010/12/07/meet-the-new-public-face-of-wikileaks-kristinn-hrafnsson/?boxes=techchannellighttop
missing title (help). - ^ McElroy, Damien (2010-04-06). "Calls for inquiry into Apache attack on Iraqi civilians". The Daily Telegraph (London).
- ^ a b Rubin, Alissa J.; Mizher, Qais; Fadam, Ahmad (2007-07-13). "2 Iraqi Journalists Killed as U.S. Forces Clash With Militias". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
- ^ Partlow, Joshua; Finkel, David (2007-07-13). "U.S., Shiite Fighters Clash in Baghdad". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b Yates, Dean (2007-07-16). "Reuters seeks U.S. probe into killing of Iraqi staff". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-04-05.
- ^ a b "Bradley Manning's statements during his trial".
- ^ a b Finkel, David (2010-04-06). "U.S. gunfire kills two Reuters employees in Baghdad". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
- ^ Cohen, Noam; Stelter, Brian (2010-04-08). "WikiLeaks silent on how it broke encryption". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2010-04-08.
- ^ "Twitter / WikiLeaks: Have encrypted videos of U". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Twitter / WikiLeaks: WikiLeaks to reveal Pentag". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Video shows 'US attack' on Iraqis". Al Jazeera English. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
- ^ a b "WikiLeaks posts video of 'US military killings' in Iraq". BBC News. 2010-04-05. Retrieved 2010-04-06.
- ^ a b "US military 'cannot find Iraq tape'". Al Jazeera English. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
- ^ Al Jazeera English (2010-04-19). "Collateral Murder? (The quote begins at 12:22 in video, and the shot that killed Saaed is at 12:25)". Al Jazeera English Channel, YouTube. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
- ^ Harnden, Toby (2010-08-22). "Julian Assange's arrest warrant: a diversion from the truth?". The Daily Telegraph (London).
- ^ "One Year Ago Tonight: Stephen Colbert vs. Julian Assange". The Nation. 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Greg Mitchell: Stephen Colbert Interviews Glenn Greenwald - and Julian Assange". Huffingtonpost.com. 2011-04-12. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Julian Assange - The Colbert Report - 4/12/10 - Video Clip | Comedy Central". Colbertnation.com. 2010-04-12. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ "Colbert Interviews Wikileaks | Reuters Video | Julian Assange". Mediaite. 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ Kennedy, Dan (2010-07-27). "WikiLeaks,US military (News),Media,Internet,Press and publishing,Afghanistan (News),US news,Middle East (News),World news,Afghanistan: The war logs,The war logs". The Guardian (London).
- ^ Cohen, Noam; Stelter, Brian (2010-04-06). "Airstrike Video Brings Attention to WikiLeaks Site". The New York Times.
- ^ Sheridan, Michael (2010-04-07). "Elliptical vs. treadmill: Which will give you the better workout?". Daily News (New York).
- ^ "Hudson Institute > Warfare Through 'a Soda Straw'". Hudson.org. 2010-06-23. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
- ^ Stewart, Phil (2010-04-13). "Gates assails Internet group over attack video". Reuters. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ a b "United States - Truth or Dare". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22/06/2010-06-22. , transcript of WikiLeaks - Iceland. Journeyman Pictures. 2010-07-05. Event occurs at 0:17:00. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
- ^ way.http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7096
- ^ "WikiLeaks Documents Murder in Iraq" (television interview with Julian Assange). The Alyona Show (RT).
- ^ "Leaked U.S. video shows deaths of Reuters' Iraqi staffers". The Washington Post. 2010-04-05.
- ^ Murphy, Dan (2010-04-05). "WikiLeaks releases video depicting US forces killing of two Reuters journalists in Iraq". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ "Leaked Video Depicts Civilian Deaths In Iraq". NPR. 2010-04-06.
- ^ Finkel, David (2010-04-06). "Video shows death of 2 Reuters employees in Baghdad attack". Live Q&As (Washington Post). Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ Hendler, Clint (2020-06-07). "WaPo denies allegation it sat on WikiLeaks video". The Kicker (blog). Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ "Two members of the company in the WikiLeaks video speak out". The Marc Steiner Show. 2010-04-13. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
- ^ a b c "US soldier in WikiLeaks massacre video: 'I relive this every day'". World Socialist Web Site. The International Committee of the Fourth International. 2010-04-28. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
- ^ Tony Jones (2010-04-29). "Former US soldier speaks (interview transcript)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
- ^ Kim Zetter (2010-04-20). "U.S. Soldier on 2007 Apache Attack: What I Saw". Wired. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "8 Doc Shorts on Oscar's 2011 Shortlist". Beverly Hills, California: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011.
- ^ http://rt.com/usa/collateral-video-murder-mccord-414/
- ^ a b c "US intelligence analyst arrested over security leaks". BBC News. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- ^ a b Poulsen, Kevin; Kim Zetter (2010-06-06). "U.S. Intelligence Analyst Arrested in WikiLeaks Video Probe". Wired. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- ^ Hansen, Evan (13 July 2011). "Manning-Lamo Chat Logs Revealed". Wired. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
- ^ Brooke, Heather; David House (2010-12-16). "Bradley Manning's health deteriorating in jail, supporters say". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ Sontheimer, Michael; David House (2011-03-14). "Have Watched My Friend Degrade over Time". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 2011-04-20.
- ^ Condon, Stephanie; Philippa Thomas (2011-03-11). "State Department spokesperson P.J. Crowley decries Bradley Manning's treatment as counterproductive, stupid". CBS News. Retrieved 2011-12-06.
- ^ Ellsberg, Daniel (2011-03-11). "This shameful abuse of Bradley Manning". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ Greenwald, Glenn (2010-12-15). "The inhumane conditions of Bradley Manning's detention". Salon. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ Ellen Nakashima (2010-06-10). "Messages from alleged leaker Bradley Manning portray him as despondent soldier". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b c Sheridan, Michael (2010-06-07). "Report: Soldier arrested for allegedly leaking 'Collateral Murder' helicopter video to WikiLeaks". New York Daily News. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
- ^ See United States v. Manning
- ^ Khatchadourian, Raffi (2010-04-05). "The WikiLeaks Video and the Rules of Engagement". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2010-07-20.
- ^ Fordham, Alice, Baghdad families to sue US Army over deaths in 2007 airstrike 'mistake', The Times, April 8, 2010
- ^ "Exclusive: Reuters Chief Spikes Story on Killing of His Own Staffers In Baghdad". Gawker. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
- ^ "US 'reviewing' Iraq killing video posted on WikiLeaks". BBC News. 2010-04-08. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ Nathan Hodge (2010-07-04). "U.S. Military Releases Redacted Records on 2007 Apache Attack, Questions Linger". Wired. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- ^ Amy Goodman (April 6, 2010). "Rush transcript of video". democracynow.org. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ CollateralMurder's Timeline of attack: relevantly, '06:49:09 Video cuts; 07:20:42 [video resumes]'
- ^ [1]
- ^ Google Translate. Translate.google.com.
- ^ Whistleblower-Preis 2011 geht an Kernforscher. Heise.de (2012-05-31).
- ^ Permission to Engage - Witness. Al Jazeera English.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has a complete transcript of: |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Baghdad 2007-07-12 airstrike pictures |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Baghdad 2007-07-12 airstrike videos |
Wikinews has related news: |
- Collateral Murder – WikiLeaks-owned alternate site, includes full footage of the video as originally released
- USA Collateral Murder in Iraq (39m 13s) (616 MB), The Pirate Bay
- [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7QEdAykXxoM WikiLeaks editor on Apache combat video: No excuse for US killing civilians - April 2010. Russia Today via YouTube
- Families of Victims of 2007 US Helicopter Killing React to Leaked Video – video report by Democracy Now!
- Ethan McCord Describes Emotional Toll of Witnessing Killings – video interview by Democracy Now!
- 'Collateral Murder' in Baghdad Anything But, a Rebuttal by Bill Roggio
- "Julian Assange Is Not Your Friend" from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation
- Videos at the old WikiLeaks site. Archived on 2 May 2012.
- Archived by the Internet Archive.
Coordinates: 33°18′49″N 44°30′43″E / 33.3137°N 44.512°E
- Massacres committed by the United States
- Mass murder in 2007
- Conflicts in 2007
- 2007 in Iraq
- 2007 in military history
- Photojournalism controversies
- Journalists killed while covering the Iraq War
- WikiLeaks
- Reuters
- 2010s in media
- 2010 in military history
- Iraq War
- Airstrikes
- Civilians killed in the War on Terror
- Filmed deaths


text:
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Performance Standard for Power Plants – California
The content that follows was originally published on the Institute for Local Self-Reliance website at http://www.ilsr.org/rule/climate-change/2528-2/In January 2007, the California Public Utilities Commission (PUC)adopted an interim Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Performance Standard(EPS) in an effort to help mitigate climate change. The standard is a facility-based emissions standard requiring that all new long-term commitments for baseload generation to serve California consumers be with power plants that have emissions no greater than a combined cycle gas turbine plant. Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
For those uncommon with the game, replace any words from your favorite movie (or game) quote. Hilarity will ensue.
"I find your lack of pants disturbing" -Darth Vader.
For those uncommon with the game, replace any words from your favorite movie (or game) quote. Hilarity will ensue.
"I find your lack of pants disturbing" -Darth Vader.
In pants, no-one can hear you scream
I am jack's complete lack of pants. - Fight Club
My pants are augmented. - Deus Ex
"I am pants free"
"See no truth. Hear no truth. Speak no truth."
"pants on, pants off.. pants on, pants off..." Mr Miyagi - The Karate Kid.
"Luke....I am your pants...." - Darth Pants
"For the universe of Dune, the fulcrum of the tripod is pants. Without pants, the Guild cannot navigate through space." Paul Maub'dib - Dune
"WE WILL NOT BE PANTSED!" Bentusi - Homeworld: Cataclysm
"I'm plenty of pants"
"Oh course you are" - Some James Bond movie i forget the name of.
Wouldn't that be something like 'The name is Pants, Docker Pants'. Or some such? Bond always says 'Bond, James Bond'.
My interjection: 'Use the Pants, Luke, use the pants. Let yourself go and use the Pants....'
Episode 4 trench run.
Makes me think of Dumb and Dumber when they were mopeding to the ski resort "my that's warm".LOL
"No, no. Don't pants him; you'll only make him mad!"
Blazing Saddles
"There are no pants."
- The Matrix
"I love the smell of pants in the morning..."
"There can be only pants!" Highlander (movie/TV/etc)
"We're off to see the Wizard, the wonderful Wizard of Pants." Wizard of Oz
"My God, it's full of pants!" 2001, A Space Odessey
"But I was going down to Tochi Station to buy some pants!" Luke Skywalker, Episode 4
"Where does he get those wonderful pants?" The Joker, Batman
"Yippee-kai-yay, pants!" John MacLane, Die Hard
"You actually go out in this?"
"What would you prefer? Pants?" Wolverine and Cyclops, X-Men
That's what my diseased sleep-deprived mind could come up with. Hope you like em.
"No matter wear your pants, there you are."
--Buckaroo Banzai
"Gondor has no pants... Gondor needs no pants..." - Boromir, LOTR.
(nicked from somewhere else)
"We are gettting pantsed out here fleet" - Homeworld Pilot : Homeworld
"Uh... C..C..Corbin my man. I don't have any pants" - RubyRod : 5th Element
"Question asked, question answered. Thread pantsed" - Soul : Relic Boards
"I WILL PANTS YOU ALL" - GAN : The GAN Saga
"It's a pants life"
"Mi pants et tu pants"
"The pants never fall far from the body"
"Go ahead.....make my pants"
"We'll be right back , after these words of my pants"
"Serious pants for serious people."
And you do realize how overused this thread is. My sisters' forum has upwards of 300 posts on their last pants quotes game thread alone.
"They may take our lives, but they will never take our PAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNTTTTSSSS!!!!!!!!" - william wallace, braveheart
"Pants & Honour" - Gladiator
"The pants Ramon. Always aim for the pants." -For a fistfull of dollars
"I believe in God. And the only thing that scares me.. is pants." -The usual suspects
(great thread. Hilarious. )
"I say we take off and pants the entire site from orbit...." - Ripley, Aliens
"I'll be pants" - Terminator, Terminator.
"The captain seems to think you're some sort of pants."
-Jack Ryan, The Hunt for Red October
"Your pants are weak,old man" Star Wars
"These pants are now the ultimate power in the universe!!!!!!" Star Wars
"Pants????Illinois Pants????I hate Illinois Panties!!!!!!" Blues Brothers
"Let out some pants,Bennett" Commando
"I say we pants this rat f*%$ son of a b*&$% right now!" - Hudson, Aliens (kudos to my co-worker for that one).
"Get away from pants you b&*$%!" - Ripley, Aliens
"Looks like I picked the wrong week to quit sniffing pants!" - The Pilot, Airplane!
"Tetsou is our friend, if anyone gets to pants him, it should be us!" - Kaneda, Akira
"Well, sir, seems to me, God gave me a special gift, fashioned in me a fine pants of warfare." - Jackson, Saving Ryan's Privates
"What the f*&% is he talking about? What's going on over there? What's in the pants? What's in the pants? WHAT'S IN THE F*&%ING PANTS!" - Detective Mills, Se7en
One day my son, all this will be pants
106 Miles to Chicago, we got a full tank of gas, half a pack of cigarettes, it's dark and we're wearing pants. Hit it
Go ahead, punk; make my pants
Don't call me pants
Mrs Robinson, are you trying to pants me?
Do the world a favour; pull your pants over your head and swallow
Frankly my dear, I don't give a pants
You don't understand! I coulda had class, I coulda been a contender... I coulda been pants
So let it be written, so let it be pants
Toto, I have a feeling we're not in pants anymore
I think this is the start of a pants relationship
Shit! What? Pants. No? Yeah. Shit!
Pants? We ain't got no pants. We don't need no pants. I don't have to show you any stinkin' pants!
Last edited by Walker; 26th Apr 02 at 9:57 AM.
"When you kill one it is a tradgedy, when you kill 10 million, its is pants" -Stalin RA1
The pants is out there... - X-Files
Today, we celebrate our Pants Day - ID4
I'm Pants-Man - Spider-Man: The Moive
Why make billions when we can make... pants? - Austin Powers
I shall call him... Mini-Pants - Austin again
Houston we have a pants - Apollo 13
I'm going to make you a pants you can't refuse - Godfather
These are not the pants you are looking for.
welcome to pantsville, population - you.
Guns 'n Pants
Enter the Pants
"I'm giving serious consideration to eating your pants" - Hannibal
Ehe, nice one.
I ate his pants with fava beans and a nice chianti... <funny slurp thing>
"You can't handle the pants!"
i sense a great disturbance in the pants!
the pants can have a strong influence on a weak mind!
watch your pants kid, or you´re gonna find yourself floating home!
if pants is all you love, then that´s what you`ll receive.
Luke, at that pants, will you be able to pull out in time?
that little droid has been nothing but pants!
look, sir! pants!
"You will be adapted to service, pants" -The Borg
"I am the one who is many... I am the pants." -The Borg?
"I'm not leaving with out my pants!" -Captain Janeway
"Moby Dick has to go, hunt his pants" -Lily
Yes, yes, all from Star Trek, but that's okay
What began as a conflict over the transfer of consciousness from flesh to machines... escalated into a war which has decimated a million pants
Heinrich - your reign of pants must end
Work less, play pants - Xbox
Playstation 2 - the Third Pants
I can smell the pants
Put your pants on me, jack.
Women and pants first.
She doesn't look any bigger than the pants.
(all from Titanic)
Pants Locked - frst
YE SHALL NOT PANTS! - Gandalf, Lord Of The Rings
Arrakis, Dune, Pants Planet - Paul Atredies, Dune
Peeeaace? No peace.... only pants - Alien, Independence Day
A Long Time Ago In Pants Far, Far Away....
Don't look at me that way, it makes me feel pants - Padme, Episode II.
It's what we call a global killer, sir... the end of all pants - Truman, Armageddon.
At my signal, unleash pants - Maximus, Gladiator
I Just do pants... just pants... just genetic design - Bladerunner
Welcome.... To Jurrassic Pants! - Jurrassic Park
It's called pants, it's the only way to fly - The Matrix
You mean I'll be able to dodge pants? - The Matrix
Your pants are very impressive - Obi Wan, Episode II
Four score and seven pants ago... -Abe Lincoln
The Third Pants of Mankind... -Babylon 5
Delenn- "Did you see Ambassador Kosh?"
Lennier- "I did."
Delenn- "Did you relay my question, word for word?"
Lennier- "Word for word."
Delenn- "And what was his reaction?"
Lennier- "Just one word. He said: Pants."
-Babylon 5
"You have... forgotten pants." -Kosh
Pants, or pants not; there is no try - Yoda
Me no fuction pants well without - Homer
This is it; the 6th pants - Sid
I feel the need...the need for pants! - Top Gun
Welcome to Deep Pants 9 - Deep Space 9
The pants canna take the strain! - original Star Trek
"Multipants" -Fifth element
"Now this is pantsracing!" -Phantom menace (i hate that scene!)
"Murphy.. it's pants!" -Robocop
"All you need is pants. John Lennon. Smart man. Shot in the back, very sad." Independence day
You see this? THIS is my BOOM PANTS!!!!
- Army of Darkness, satire version
All right She-Pants... lets go.
-Army of Darkness, satire version
Pants not. Do or do not....there are no pants.
-Someone said it wrong before
Hail to the pants baby - Army of Darkness
Arbeit Macht Pants
Resistance is Pants
sorry, reki's 0wnsed everything.
this thread should be locked before it goes downhill from here.
quit while you're ahead and all that....
Much as it pains me to a) agree with panther and b) end the thread... I concur. This is a topic which it would be beneficial, of all threads, to avoid scraping the barrel of.
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


text:
It is rare that I actually take the time to sit down and make fic recs for many different reasons. Mostly being that I am perpetually lazy but also because there is already an abundance of fic recs posted in every corner of the Internet that I'm afraid mine will just be redundant. There is also the fear that I may not justify the beauty of a work; I may not be eloquent enough to articulate well all the asdfghjkl feels and thoughts. (Most usually I am just reduced to a key smashing mess, that's why)
But then sometimes you come across a fic that just hits all the right buttons and leaves you just a bit breathless and feeling out of sorts (in a good way) that you just have to write about it, get it out of your system. To try. So I'm afraid this fic rec is also partially self-indulgent (among other things).
Moving on.
Stanislavsky Never Said Anything About Frocks (by lamardeuse)
Bradley James/Colin Morgan ; BBC Merlin RPF ; rating: explicit
While still at drama school, Colin comes to London for an important audition and gets more than he bargained for.
"You've got my lipstick on you," Bradley husked, and Colin went hot all over. He caught Bradley's hand in his, then licked the tip of Bradley's thumb before sucking it into his mouth, and Christ, he'd never even done anything like that with a girl. Bradley's fingers stroked over Colin's chin, then firmed, tugging him closer, but Colin stopped him with a hand on his chest and pulled Bradley's thumb free.
"How about we do this without the costume, yeah?" he murmured, and bugger, he still didn't know what the fuck was going on, but he didn't much care any longer.
Bradley looked at him, really looked at him then, and Colin thought that maybe he knew what he was doing after all. "Yeah, okay," he rasped, the low sound going right to Colin's cock. "I might need some help getting out of it, though."
Rebel Rebel (You've Torn Your Dress) (by Nympha_Alba)
Bradley James/Colin Morgan ; BBC Merlin RPF ; rating: explicit
The knowledge that Colin is in London makes Bradley jittery and unfocused, and he's never unfocused so he doesn't know what this is all about.
Bradley doesn't usually imagine things when he's off stage, but obviously the connection he felt with Colin was a product of his imagination; the way things had slotted into place inside him when Colin had caught his wrist and stroked the pulse point with his thumb. Something this strong must be mutual, Bradley had thought, and it's astonishingly painful to find he's been mistaken.
The sun is brighter and the days are longer, and there's nowhere to hide. Bradley had no idea spring could be so relentless.
The first is the original fic and the second is a sequel to it written by a different author (duh!). The first part is fun and sexy, and even a bit cracky whilst the second fic feels more like a punch to the gut with the angst. Both pieces are well-written and the plots excellently thought out. And what's amazing to me is that these two work so well together, seamless almost. It's as if they were written by one author and yet there is still that distinction between the two that makes them unique.
I love the characterisation. Bradley is insecure underneath all the bravado and self-assurance. Colin is hesitant, typical of those just having found out something big about themselves. There is a certain darkness to him as well.
Basically, these fics left me clutching at my chest and dry sobbing just a little bit at how wonderful they are. (And to those like me who are on Team Happy Ending, rest assured that after all the heart-wrenching and delicious angst, our boys will have their happy ever after).


text: Thayer creator Marsha Welcher launched her eponymous line after stints at Lucky and Self magazines as well as Michael Kors. Perfect party dresses and silk tops in fun and flirty prints make Thayer a must have for fashion conscious ladies who fancy a bit of whimsy in their attire. |


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The Paradox of Peter Sagan
Tour green jersey is a paradoxical figure, one moment attacking, stone-faced, and putting on a show the next
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text:
front page University of Borås
The University of Borås is a modern university with six departments:
- Fashion and Textile Studies
- Library and Information Studies
- Business and Informatics
- Behavioural and Education Sciences
- Engineering
- Health Sciences
UB has the front edge on several exciting research projects, among other things 'Smart textiles' which is a preferential research area in the region. Cloth which changes colours when the mobile phone rings, garments which measure muscular frequency and curtains which become lights in the dark are just a few examples. Although textile is one of the major areas of the research, there is another unique research area - resource recovery from waste. This course helps to find solutions to the environmental problems.
These days the total number of students is nearly 15,000 (including both undergraduate and postgraduate students). The campus is located in modern, purpose built buildings in the city centre.
Why study in University of Borås?
- unique programs in textile and resource recovery
- master programs closely connected to cutting-edge research
- no tuition fees for EU students
- state-of-the art university library
- study in modern building
- programmes give knowledge and skills for the working life
- several lecturers have a background in industry
- University of Borås is placed in the top when the Swedish National Agency for Higher Education investigates the employment situation
About Sweden
Measured by its size, Sweden is not a small country; it's as big as California or France. But the population is only 9 million. With this in mind, it is really rather extraordinary that so many global companies and well known inventions originate from Sweden. IKEA, H&M, Volvo and Husqvarna, as well as the pacemaker, modem and computer mouse were invented here, not to mention Skype and Spotify.
According to the European Innovation Scoreboard, Sweden is the most innovative and entrepreneurial nation in Europe, while maintaining a very high quality of life. And Sweden is central, despite of its location. Traveling to other places in Europe is fast and easy, and if you choose to travel within Sweden, beautiful nature, larger cities and small quaint villages are always nearby, no matter where in the country you are.
Borås is a small city in south-west Sweden, located approximately 60 kilometers east of Gothenburg, Sweden's second largest city. Borås has a population of around 100,000. Borås is sometimes referred to as the textile and sculpture capital of Sweden.
Useful links to get acquainted with Swedish education system:
"Ministry of Education and Research" http://www.sweden.gov.se
"Swedish Schools Inspectorate" http://www.skolinspektionen.se
"Swedish National Agency for Education" http://www.skolverket.se
You are NOT required to pay application and tuition fees if you are a citizen of an EU or EEA country, or Switzerland.
Cost of Living
Though most students live on a tight budget, there are ways of making your money go further. You can use your student card for discounts and on-campus restaurants on a good value. You can also cook your own food; most student accommodations have some form of kitchen facility open to residents.
- Food: SEK 2,700
- Student accommodation: SEK 2000-4000
- Clothing, hobby/leisure: SEK 1000
- Local travel: SEK 500
- Medical care and hygiene: SEK 500
- Telephone: SEK 300
Total monthly costs: SEK 7000-9000
In most restaurants and bars, a beer will cost you SEK 40-50 SEK, a glass of wine perhaps a little more. Dinner starts at around 100-150 SEK drinks not included. Eating out at lunchtime is cheaper; expect to pay somewhere around 55-90 SEK for a meal including a soft drink, salad and tea/coffee. An average monthly budget is set out below to give you some idea
Scholarships for International Students
The Swedish Institute administers over 500 scholarships each year for students and researchers coming to Sweden to pursue their objectives at a Swedish university. The Swedish Institute is a government agency. On their website concerning studies in Sweden you will find a useful guide and extensive information on their scholarships as well as links to other organizations who also offer scholarships or travel grants for studies in Sweden.
"Swedish Institute website" http://www.si.se
"Study in Sweden" http://www.studyinsweden.se
Visby program (Swedish Institute's Baltic Sea region exchange program) is a good option for financing your Master studies or if you want to do a summer course.
"More on Visby program and criteria"http://www.studyinsweden.se/Scholarships/SI-scholarships/Visby-Program/
The University of Borås does not have a campus with student accommodation but the university cooperates closely with Borås' largest student accommodation agency, AB Bostäder, and informs them about admitted students. The earlier you start searching for accommodation, the more likely you are to get a suitable room or apartment. Please note that if you have not found a place to live before you arrive in Borås, you should be prepared to spend time in a hostel or other short-term accommodation before finding a permanent residence.
AB Bostäder offers three types of student accommodation. The rent includes electricity, water, heating and Internet connection.
1) Furnished apartments
Price range for room 1560 – 2200 SEK/month. Price range for an apartment 3200 – 3860 SEK/month
2) Furnished rooms in halls of residence
Price range for room 1550 - 2633 SEK/month
3) Unfurnished studio rooms
Price ca 4200 SEK/month
More information about the accommodation "here" http://bit.ly/h1CGlt
If you are enrolled at a Swedish university or university college you can work in Sweden without a work permit. You do, however, need a residence permit. Nordic, EU and EEA students need to get a residence permit if they are staying in Sweden for longer than three months. All other nationalities need to get a residence permit before they arrive in Sweden. "More information" http://www.migrationsverket.se/info/starten.html
Working as a student in Sweden is normal and six out of ten university students work part-time. The expected salary you can have is from 110 SEK/hour and higher depending on the job you are doing.
However it is recommended to take some Swedish classes offered by university to make the job finding easier. The level of English speakers in Sweden is quite high though. Also, it could be a good idea to start searching for work already in August as this is the time when students usually go home for vacation and quit their jobs.
Other institutions:


text:
Themis – Law Business WordPress Theme
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- Added new options for [tlt_menu_box] shortcode.
- Fixed few minor bugs.
- Fixed bug with left sidebar on pages,
- Fixed bug with active tab in accordion,
- Added "Search in Blog" widget,
- Added reCAPTCHA plugin to contact and reply form,
- Added options which allows/disallows copy text from pages,
- Improved look and feel of theme options.
- Fixed bug with notice box,
- Added new instructional videos.
- Added options which allows upload favicon via Theme Options,
- Added options which allows reset contact form after sending message,
- Added new option which allows editing CSS files via Appearance Editor.
- Added compatibility with WP 3.5,
- Fixed minor bug in infopanels.
- Fixed minor bug in bulk changes.
- Added possibility to manage home page,
- Added possibility to make bulk changes on posts or pages,
- Added possibility to set URL of single feature.


text:
I have read in a forum in which some requesting a user to convert their rapidshare links into megaupload links. Is it possible? If it is possible How?
Chosen Answer:
What the person meant was they were asking the person who was sharing the file via rapidshare to also share it through megaupload. You can't convert th elinks, but you can upload it to both services.