text: Content-Type: text/html This paper was presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication in San Antonio, Texas August 2005. If you have questions about this paper, please contact the author directly. If you have questions about the archives, email rakyat [ at ] eparker.org. For an explanation of the subject line, send email to [log in to unmask] with just the four words, "get help info aejmc," in the body (drop the ""). (Feb 2006) Thank you. Elliott Parker ==================================================================== Political Correlates of Daytime Talk Show Viewing Carroll J. Glynn The Ohio State University School of Communication Bruce W. Hardy Cornell University Department of Communication James Shanahan Cornell University Department of Communication Running Head: Daytime Talk Shows Corresponding author Bruce W. Hardy Department of Communication Cornell University 338 Kennedy Hall Ithaca, NY 14850 [log in to unmask] Submission for presentation at the 2005 AEJMC Conference Political Correlates of Daytime Talk Show Viewing Abstract This study examined the influence of daytime talk shows on opinion formation, from a cultivation perspective. Specifically, we examined how exposure to daytime talk shows and the extent that these shows are perceived as real are related to support for government involvement in family issues. Not only did we find that both exposure and perceptions were positively related to levels of support, we found a mainstreaming effect toward a liberal position. That is, conservatives mainstreamed towards liberals the more they watched daytime talk shows and, also, the more they perceived these shows to be real. Overall, this study demonstrated that daytime talk shows play a significant role in public opinion formation. Political Correlates of Daytime Talk Show Viewing One of the characteristic developments of American television in the 1990s and beyond is the rise of the daytime talk show. Within this genre are many different types of shows, ranging from the community-oriented therapy of The Oprah Winfrey Show to the shocking sensationalism of Jerry Springer. However, regardless of the format, political and social issues have been, and continue to be, central topics of discussion and debate featured on these shows. Not only do daytime talk shows hosts occasionally take explicit political positions on current issues, these shows consistently feature social issues such as sexuality, family conflict, drug addiction, abuse, and criminal activity. This study examines the relationship between exposure to these daytime talk shows and attitudes concerning political and social issues. Specifically, this study explores the cultivation phenomenon by examining the links between daytime talk show viewing and support for government involvement in family issues – issues which are frequently emphasized on these types of shows. Theoretical background: Cultivation The central hypothesis of cultivation states that television viewing gradually leads to the adoption of beliefs about society that are consistent with those systematically portrayed on television (Gerbner, et al., 1980; Shanahan & Morgan, 1999). That is, perceptions of the "real" world will be "cultivated" by exposure to the same symbolic messages over and over again. As Gerbner et al., (1982) noted, "Television provides perhaps for the first time since pre-industrial religion, a strong cultural link, a shared daily ritual of highly compelling and informative content, between the elites and all other publics." Gerbner and his colleagues then asked, "What is the role of this common experience in the general socialization and political orientation of Americans?" (p.101). Twenty-some years later, this question has yet to be fully answered. Partly due to the fact that television is constantly morphing, trying to study the social effects of this medium is comparable to shooting at a moving target. However, we are able to partly address this question by examining specific types of television content and their relationships with specific political opinions. In this study we examine daytime talk shows and support for government involvement on family issues. The daytime talk show format The format for daytime talk shows is usually informally-guided conversation among the host, guests and the audience. Beginning in 1970, Phil Donahue pioneered this format in which he first interviewed a guest or guests. He would then guide the audience by posing questions to and eliciting reactions from the interviewees. The success of his program led to the rise of other competitors, including a variety of talk show hosts such as Ricki Lake, Montel Williams, Sally Jessy Raphael, Geraldo Rivera, and Oprah Winfrey. The popularity of this type of format is due to the unique opportunity, in a mass media setting, to mix conversation with a more institutionally directed form of discourse such as the more formal news interview (Ilie, 2001). These talk shows provide a middle ground between private, free-flowing individual conversation and more rigidly structured forms of institutional discourse. Because talk shows allow for "participation," they may be an under-recognized arena for the expression of public opinion about an enormous variety of issues. Although radio talk shows have received some attention concerning their influence on opinion formation, expression and participation (see, Hofstetter, 1998; Pan & Kosicki, 1997), daytime television has received less attention. Currently, it is an open question as to how or whether daytime TV talk shows provide a forum that would encourage attention to political and social issues. Content of daytime talk shows In an analysis of 200 episodes of talk shows, Greenberg and Smith (1995) found that themes of marriage, family, children, relationships and sex were predominant. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, apart from Greenberg and Smith's analysis, there are no other systematically collected data available. Therefore, in order to add strength to our theoretical argument, we examined show topics for The Oprah Winfrey Show for the year 2002. Show titles are available on the program's website for several years. From the show's title we ascertained the basic theme of the program. The most prevalent theme in the program was "family/children." This was followed by celebrity/personality interviews, and relationships/sex.[1] Additionally, these themes can be seen while perusing transcripts of the shows. Oftentimes the host will conclude the show with a message intended to drive home a lesson or conclusion center on these themes, as in the following examples: TOLERANCE (Montel Williams on gay parents): At least we found out something. It's not about political correctness. It's just about respect for another human being. If you don't agree, OK. It's not a lifestyle you have to live. And it also is not something that really affects you. So don't run around giving your children an attitude so it affects them that they gotta go and voice their opinion at somebody else. We could stop this garbage now. Just as Ramona said, tolerance is learned and taught. So is ignorance. (March 18, 2003) CHILDREN COME FIRST (Jerry Springer on dealing with unexpected pregnancies): You know, nobody's suggesting that pregnancy means life for the woman must stop, nor is this show about whether stripping or making porn movies are an appropriate way to make a living. No, this is about the undeniable responsibility one has in bringing life into the world and whether decency, if not good sense, requires a modification of lifestyle so as to ensure that the newborn has the best chance of making it. Stories about how rough your childhood was are no excuse for passing that abuse and irresponsibility on to your child. To be using drugs and alcohol or be whoring around while pregnant suggests that one is nowhere near ready to be a mother, and perhaps it's in the best interest of the newborn to be removed from the home at birth, even if the state has to do it. That may shake up the moms-to-be, but nothing else seems to be working. It's a lot easier to become a mother than to actually be one. (October 24, 1996) SELF-EXPRESSION (Oprah Winfrey): The realization that you are a person who's been given life and a voice and that that voice means something--that voice means something not only to you, not only to your family, but to the rest of the world. You were meant and born to speak your voice. (March 18, 2003) RESPONSIBILITY (Montel Williams on paternal responsibility for children): Well, whether he wants to or not, I'd take him to court and make him do what's right. Even if he's not seeing the child--your--your child--not for you, but your child deserves to have child support to help take care of their needs in case your child becomes a gifted student and someday wants to go to a school or go somewhere. That person should be paying to make sure that child has the right to do that. OK? And so make sure you do that. Daytime talk shows rarely take an explicitly political focus. But this does not mean that the shows lack political content. Occasionally, hosts will take explicit political positions on their shows. For example, in 1999 O'Donnell publicly attacked New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani on his new homeless policy (Nordlinger, 2000). O'Donnell, on her show, said "He's out of control, this guy! Sure, just, you know, arrest all the homeless people" (Nordlinger, 2000, p. 2). O'Donnell has been involved in other political debates concerning social issues, including gun control, child welfare, and her own homosexuality. Many of these issues were frequently discussed on her show (Nordlinger, 2000). Davis and Owen (1998) stated that "political content is intermittent on these programs" (p. 148). They highlight that the viewers of daytime talk shows tend to be younger and are more likely to be female. They also are more likely to have less education, to have lower income, and not to be white. These characteristics are concurrent with what we would expect from people more likely to be disaffected from the political system and less likely to pay attention to other more politically oriented media. Daytime talk shows and support for government involvement in family issues Unfortunately, the few existing studies on the influence of daytime talk shows have not explicitly looked at their influence on support for government intervention concerning social well-being. Most studies have looked at how perceptions of social relationships are cultivated by the portrayal of atypical behavior often showcased on these shows. For example, Davis and Mares (1998) found that talk show viewers overestimated the frequency of some social problems. As Woo and Dominick (2003) noted, "Some observers, such as Sen. Joseph Liebermann, have suggested that these programs may have negative effects on viewers because their focus on bizarre behaviors and dysfunctional relationships might prompt audience members to think such behaviors are typical…" (p. 109). However, it has been suggested that this effect is more pronounced for those who are unfamiliar with societal norms and values. For example, Woo and Dominick (2003) found that international students who scored low on acculturation – familiarity with host country's norms and values – and watched daytime talk shows were more likely to have negative perceptions and attitude toward human relationships in the United States. Relying on past cultivation research (for an overview see Shanahan & Morgan, 1999), we can assume that heavy viewers of daytime talk shows depend on these shows to learn about social issues. Not only do these viewers extract information on social issues from these shows, but their beliefs should reflect those consistently portrayed. In other words, the more viewers spend time "living" in the televised world of daytime talk shows they will be more likely to see the "real" world in terms of the values and ideologies portrayed on these shows. We, therefore, hypothesize that daytime talk shows encourage a liberal-oriented philosophy of support for women and family on social issues. The shows emphasize repeatedly that there are problems in child-care, keeping families together, and personal health and fulfillment. The presentation of these problems rarely involves specific demands for government action, but we can hypothesize that regular viewers of daytime talk shows would tend to adopt a social and political agenda in favor of greater government assistance with family issues. We put forth the following hypothesis: H1: Viewership of daytime talk shows will be positively related to support for greater government involvement in family issues. As previously outlined, daytime talk shows have frequently been criticized for giving an unfair picture of social relationships, presenting and emphasizing sensational and dysfunctional aspects of society in order to improve ratings. Some programs, such as Jerry Springer, have even been accused of scripting interactions that are presented as real. Therefore, we are interested in the extent to which people actually believe what they see is real and what effect does this perception of realism have on support for government involvement on social issues such as family and child well-being. Davis and Mares (1998) found that perceived realism of talk shows did not make much difference for viewers' judgments about the world. But Greenberg and Smith argued that "most research models would posit that these perceptions mediate or intervene in the viewer's acceptance of what they see and hear on such shows" (p. 91). Potter (1986; 1988) has argued that perceived realism makes a difference in how viewers' conceptions of reality are constructed. Conversely, Shanahan and Morgan (1999) argued that such perceptions play a less important role in viewers' tendency to absorb depictions of reality from television. Shapiro and Lang (1991) hypothesized that the effects of television on perceptions of reality is a result of people simply forgetting that what they view is not real. Simply put, viewers get so involved in the story of a television show that they forget that they are watching fiction. Moreover, Shrum (1995, 1996) has suggested that heavy viewers use images on television as heuristic cues for mental judgments about social reality. He has empirically supported this hypothesis and found that heavy viewers have more readily accessible opinions to issues in directions consistent with what cultivation predicts. Perceived realism could be more important with talk shows than other television shows because these shows are presented explicitly as non-fiction. That is, daytime talk shows explicitly put forth that the guest are telling true-life stories and that the interactions among the host, guests, and audience are unscripted. If viewers believe that these interactions displayed in daytime talk shows are centered on true-life stories then repeat viewers should perceive these issues as very salient problems facing American society. For example, if a viewer repeatedly views pregnant teenage girls on daytime talk shows, and perceives these teenage girls to be truthful and their situations realistic, then this viewer should believe that teenage pregnancy is a major social problem facing our country. Therefore, perceptions that daytime talk shows are real should influence support for government involvement in family issues. We put forth the following hypothesis: H2: Perceptions of talk shows as realistic will be positively related to support for greater government involvement in family issues. Mainstreaming and daytime talk shows Mainstreaming can be defined as a convergence of opinion of individuals of different socio-political subgroups toward the "mainstream." This "mainstream" can be conceptualized as a "relative commonality of outlooks and values that exposure to features and dynamics of the television world tends to cultivate." (Gerbner, et al., 1982, p.104). Therefore, mainstreaming results in an accordance of opinions and world views shared by heavy views of different socio-political backgrounds, whereas light viewers of these different sub-groups would hold divergent views. Mainstreaming can be viewed as an "interaction in which cultivation is stronger for some subgroups, weaker or absent for other groups, and in which heavy viewers' responses [i.e., opinions] are closer than those of light viewers" (Shanahan & Morgan, 1999, p. 141, original emphasis). In other words, the effect of some socio-demographic variable is moderated by exposure to television. Differences in views, or opinions, of different demographic subgroups that are otherwise associated with socio-political or cultural characteristics diminish, or may even become absent, when examining heavy television viewers. Additionally, political science scholars, such as John Zaller (1992), have discussed the idea of an elite opinion consensus on a particular policy across the political spectrum producing a mainstreaming effect. Zaller (1992) asked, "What would be the expected effect on public opinion if virtually all persuasive messages carried in political media on a particular policy were favorable of that policy, and if there were no cueing messages to alert people that the policy was inconsistent with their values?" (p. 98). The answer, of course, is mainstreaming. Although a small conceptual leap is required, one can view the daytime talk shows as an "elite opinion" source providing consistent messages that family issues are salient a problem that needs government intervention. Therefore, heavy viewers of daytime talk shows are more likely to have similar opinions on government involvement on family issues than non-heavy viewers. For this study we expect political ideology, i.e. conservative versus liberal, to influence support for government intervention in family issues. This effect will be moderated by exposure to daytime talk shows. H3: The effect of political ideology, i.e. conservative versus liberal, on support for government intervention on family issues will be moderated by exposure to daytime talk shows. Additionally, we expect to see a mainstream effect among those who perceive the daytime talk show to be realistic. In other words, perceptions of daytime talk shows as realistic should play a moderating role on the influence of political ideology on support of government intervention in family issues. Intuitively, it seems that those who believe that the content of these shows are realistic are more likely to have their perception of reality cultivated by such shows. We put forth the following hypothesis: H4: The effect of political ideology, i.e. conservative versus liberal, on support for government intervention on family issues will be moderated by perception that daytime talk shows are realistic. A meta-analysis of cultivation studies conducted by Shanahan and Morgan (1999) suggested that most mainstreaming consists of liberal views moving toward conservative views. Analyses by Gerbner et al., (1982) showed that, although, television viewing brings left- and right-leanings closer together, "it is the liberal position that is weakest among heavy views" (p. 122). However, it should be noted that, historically, family and child welfare issues are not polarizing and government spending on such issues is usually generally supported regardless of political ideology (Entman & Paletz, 1980). Numerous surveys have shown that respondents are likely to support government spending on services that benefit them while taking a more negative position on other social issues such as taxes, political equality, and crime (Gerbner, et al., 1982). Therefore, given that our first hypothesis predicts that exposure to daytime talk shows will be positively related to support of government intervention in family issues, we expect that the mainstream effect will consist of conservative views moving toward liberal views. Although, this does not seem to be unreasonable, empirical evidence for mainstreaming in a liberal direction is weak at best. However, Gerbner et al., (1982) demonstrated that heavy viewing conservatives and moderates converged toward a liberal position concerning federal funding on health, education, and welfare programs. Given that we are examining support for government involvement in family issues we predict: H5: Heavy viewers of daytime talk shows will mainstream toward a liberal position. Methods Procedures The data for this study came from a national US telephone survey conducted between May 5th and May 30th, 2000. Professional telephone interviewers surveyed 596 randomly selected adults throughout the 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C. (the response rate was 60%, based on AAPOR definitions) Multiple callbacks were conducted in order to reduce response bias. The confidence level used for analysis was 95% and the standard error was +/- 4%. Measures Demographic variables. In order to isolate the independent contribution of daytime talk show viewing, we controlled for several socio-demographic variable that may possibly precede and influence the relationships among our variables of interest. Specifically, we controlled for respondents' gender, (62% female); age (M = 45 yrs., SD =16.9); education (M = 13.4 years of education completed, SD = 2.0); household income (median = $50,000); and race (21.3% non-white). Political ideology. Respondents' political ideology (M=4.2, SD=1.4) was tapped by a 7-point scale where 1 meant "extremely liberal" and 7 meant "extremely conservative" and the midpoint, 4, meant "moderate." Talk show exposure. To tap respondents' exposure to daytime talk shows we asked people how often they watched the following programs: Jenny Jones, Jerry Springer, Leeza, Montel Williaims, Oprah Winfrey, Ricki Lake, Rosie O'Donnell, and Sally Jessy Raphael. Responses were rated on a four-point scale from 1 ("never") to 4 ("frequently"). An exploratory factor analysis suggested that responses to the specific program items clustered into two factors. The first was comprised mainly of exposure to the more "controversial" shows such as Jenny Jones and Jerry Springer. The second factor comprised of exposure to shows focused more on presenting the host as a friendly therapeutic companion, such as Oprah and Rosie O'Donnell. However, a confirmatory factor analysis (see Loehlin, 1992) of these two factors failed to produce an adequate model fit. Moreover, the two latent variables, or factors, were correlated producing a f coefficient of .51. Therefore, we decided against operationalizing talk show exposure as a two factor construct and create a single factor additive index of exposure consisting of the 8 items (a =.82). Perception that daytime talk shows are real. To tap respondents' perception that daytime talk shows are real we first asked "How accurately do you think talk shows represent issues that are important?" Then we asked "What about most other people, how do you think most other people think talk shows represent issues?" Response options ranged from 1 ("not at all accurately") to 4 ("very accurately"). We also asked respondents to agree or disagree with two statements about talk shows. The first was "Most people who go on talk shows are usually being honest." The second was "Watching talk shows is a useful way to find out about values and norms in our society." Response options ranged from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 ("strongly agree"). We then combined these items into a single scale (a = .61). Criterion measure. For our dependent variable, we asked respondents to express their support concerning five different social issues. These were: government provided daycare for children, government required parental leave for employees, government provided health care, expanding Medicare coverage to include prescriptions and spending more money on education. For each issue, respondents could indicate support on a five-point scale ranging from 1 ("strongly oppose") to 5 ("strongly support"). All the issues, on balance, receive support from our sample. Especially strong support is shown for parental leave, Medicare prescription coverage, and spending more money on education. All issues receive support significantly above the midpoint value of 3. We created a summative index from these issue variables, measuring an overall tendency of the respondent to judge that government should be involved in social issues (a = .73). Results In this study we examined the influence of daytime talk shows on political opinion formation. Specifically, we hypothesized that consumption of this type of media will be positively related to support for government involvement in family issues and that a mainstreaming effect will result from heavy viewing of talk shows. That is, regardless of political ideology, heavy viewers of daytime talk shows will have similar levels of support for government intervention, or, in other words, daytime talk show viewing will moderate the influence of political ideology. To test these direct and interactive effects it is necessary to construct two regression models. The first model includes socio-demographic variables, political ideology, exposure to daytime talk shows, and the interaction term (political ideology × exposure to daytime talk shows). The second model includes the same socio-demographic variables and political ideology; however, instead of the exposure measure we have included a perception measure and the corresponding interaction term (political ideology × perception that talk shows are real). We ran each of these models separately because a single model with both interaction terms would end up over-controlling for political ideology as the variable would be included, directly and in the interaction terms, three times. In constructing the interaction terms, the main effect variables were standardized by translating them into z-scores before the interaction terms were formed in order to avoid multicollinearity problems among the interaction terms and their components (Cohen, Cohen, West, & Aiken, 2003). [Insert Table 1 about here] Table 1 details the results of the two regression models. Age, education, and income were all negatively related to support for government intervention on family issues. Non-whites were more supportive than whites, and females were more supportive of government intervention than males. Political ideology produced the largest beta coefficient in both models (ß = -.29, p = .01) meaning that liberals were more likely to support government intervention on family issues than conservations, as would be expected. Supporting our first hypothesis, exposure to talk shows was significantly and positively related to our criterion measure (ß = .15, p = .01). Supporting hypothesis 2, perception of talk shows as reality was also positively and significantly related to the criterion measure ((ß = .10, p = .05). Finally, supporting hypothesis 3 and hypothesis 4, both the interaction terms were positively and significantly related to support for government intervention on family issues. Specifically, the interaction between exposure to daytime talk shows and political ideology produce a beta coefficient of .09, p = .05, while the interaction between perceptions of daytime talk shows produced a beta coefficient of .12, p = .01. Supporting hypothesis 5, we found that conservatives do, indeed, mainstream toward liberal views. This relationship held for exposure to daytime talk shows as well as perceptions that daytime talk shows are real. That is, conservatives mainstreamed toward liberals the more they watched daytime talk shows and, also, the more they perceived these shows to be real. For illustrative purposes we graphed the means of support for the subgroups. Figure 1 illustrates difference in the means for 1) low exposure/conservative, 2) high exposure/conservative, 3) low exposure/liberal, and 4) high exposure/liberal. Figure 2 illustrates the difference in means for 1) low perception/conservative, 2) high perception/ conservative, 3) low perception/ liberal, and 4) high perception/liberal. [Insert Figure 1 and Figure 2 about here] Discussion The findings from this study add to our limited knowledge on the relationship between exposure to daytime talk shows and attitude concerning political and social issues. Before we discuss the implications of our results it is first necessary to briefly discuss some potential limitations to our study. Like many studies using cross-sectional surveys, the data are dependent on self-report. Therefore, there is a potential for social desirability bias concerning our criterion measure, i.e., respondents reporting more support for government involvement in social issues because they believe that it is the socially acceptable answer. Another limitation to cross sectional data concerns causality, i.e., does media use precede opinion formation or does certain opinions drive media use? Although, there is no statistical test for causality we have based our interpretation of the analyses on a strong theoretical argument building on past cultivation research. Therefore, we are confident in modeling these relationships as unidirectional. Given these limitations, this study makes a number of significant contributions to our understanding of the role of daytime talk shows in public opinion formation. First, we found a direct relationship between exposure to daytime talk shows and support for government intervention in family issues, above and beyond socio-political characteristics. Our analyses suggest that daytime talk shows do seem to offer possibilities for issue discussion that is relevant to viewers' political thoughts and views on family issues. Secondly, we found a direct relationship between the extent that daytime talk shows are perceived as real and our criterion measure. In other words, the more real viewers believe these shows to be the more influence these shows have on their political views. This supports Potter's (1986; 1988) hypothesis that perceived realism is an important factor in how viewers' conceptions of reality are cultivated. More interesting, however, is the mainstreaming effect produced by viewing daytime talk shows. Our analyses suggest that exposure to these shows and that the perception that these shows are real pushes viewers to adopt liberal positions above and beyond their self-identified political leanings. This suggests that these shows highlight a liberal "mainstream" and that those viewers outside this "mainstream" will move toward such position as exposure increases. However, we caution against generalizing this result to all social issues. Recall that we only analyzed support for government involvement in family issues and that support for federal funding of programs concerning such issues is consistently positive regardless of political leanings. Future research should examine the mainstream effect of daytime talk shows on other social issues. It would be interesting to see the relationship between daytime talk shows and attitudes toward other issues such as the death penalty, political tolerance, and abortion. Overall, this study has demonstrated that daytime talk shows play a significant role in public opinion. Recently, communication researchers have begun to examine the civic consequences of entertainment media that also provides public affairs information – often referred to as "info-tainment" (see, Kwak, Wang, & Guggenheim, 2004, Moy, Xenos, & Hess, 2004). Realizing that many citizens are extracting information on political and social issues from non-traditional news outlets, i.e. info-tainment television, communication scholars have just begun a research agenda to explore the role that this type of television show has in informed public opinion and active democratic citizenship. We, therefore, suggest that future research continues to examine the impact that daytime talk shows may have on American democratic society. For instance, future research should examine what effects these types of shows have on willingness to participate in public deliberation. The deliberative format of these shows may have a significant impact on viewers' willingness to express conflicting opinions in a hostile environment or a willingness to listen to opposing views. A recent study by Hardy, Scheufele, and Wang (2005) found that different types of media influence these dimensions of deliberation differently. These researchers found that television news views was directly related to expressing conflicting views while newspaper news use was directly related to listening to conflicting viewpoints. These authors suggest that this is a result of the presentation format of information, i.e., newspapers tend to give both sides of a story while television focuses on only one side. It would be interesting to see if the deliberative aspects of daytime talk shows influence respondents' willingness to participate in a deliberative forum. As the popularity of the daytime talk show continues, their impact on public opinion will, as well, continue. We have found that daytime talk shows are directly related to support for government involvement in family issues. Unfortunately, this is a very small slice of public affairs. Therefore, we are unable to predict the overall significance of exposure to daytime talk shows and future research is required to fully understand how these shows fit into the American political landscape. References: Cohen, J., Cohen. P., West. S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavior sciences (3rd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Davis, R. & Owen, D. (1998). New media and American politics. New York: Oxford University Press. Entman, R. E., & Paletz, D. L. (1980). Media and the conservative myth. Journal of Communication, 30, 154-165. Gerbenr, G. & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26, 173-199. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1982). Charting the mainstream: Televisions contribution to political orientation. Journal of Communication, 32, 100-127. Greenberg, B., & Smith, S. (1995, November). The content of television talk shows. Report prepared for the Kaiser Family Foundation. Hardy, B. W., Scheufele, D. A., & Wang, Z. (2005, May). Defining deliberation: Key determinants and distinct dimensions. Paper to be presented to the 2005 annual conference of the International Communication Association. New York, NY. Hofstetter, C. R. (1998). Political talk radio, situational involvement, and political mobilization. Social Science Quarterly, 79(2): 273-286. Ilie, C. (2001). Semi-institutional discourse: The case of talk shows. Journal of Pragmatics, 33(2): 209-254. Kwak, N., Wang, X., & Guggenheim, L. (2004, August). Linking all the way: The relationship between television entertainment talk show viewing and political engagement among young adults. Paper presented to the annual meeting for the Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Toronto. Loehlin, J. C. (1992). Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1990). Cultivation analysis: New directions in media effects research. Newbury Park: Sage. Moy, P., Xenos, M. A., & Hess, V. K. (2004, May). Priming effects of late-night comedy. Paper presented to the annual conference of the International Communication Association. New Orleans, LA. Nordlinger, J. (2000, June 19). Rosie O'Donnell, political activist – a celebrity and her platform. National Review. Retrieved March 11, 2005 Online: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_11_52/ai_62838140. Pan, Z. D., & Kosicki, G. (1997). Talk show exposure as an opinion activity. Political Communication, 14(3): 371-388. Potter, W. J., (1986). Perceived Reality and the Cultivation Hypothesis. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 30(2): 159-174. Potter, W. J. (1988). Perceived Reality in Television Effects Research. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 32(1): 23-41. Shanahan, J., & Morgan, M. (1999). Television and its viewers: Cultivation theory and research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Shapiro, M. A., & Lang, A. (1991). Making television reality: Unconscious process in the construction of social reality. Communication Research, 18, 685-705. Shrum, L. J. (1995). Accessing the social influence of television: A social cognition perspective on cultivation effects. Communication Research, 22, 402-429. Shrum, L. J. (1996). Psychological processes underlying cultivation effects: Further tests of construct availability. Human Communication Research, 22, 482-509. Woo, H., & Dominick, J. R. (2003). Acculturation, cultivation, and daytime TV talk shows. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 80, 109-127. Zaller, J. (1992). The nature and origin of mass opinion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Table 1: Dependent Variable: Support for Government Intervention on Family Issues Beta Beta Socio-demographics Age -.06 -.09* Race -.15** -.16** Education -.10* -.11* Gender -.11* -.13** Income -.18** -.17** Political Ideology Ideology -.29** -.29** Daytime Talk Shows Exposure .15** - - Perceptions - - .10* Interactions Ideology × Exposure .09* - - Ideology × Perceptions - - .12** R2 (%) 25.6 24.8 Note: ** p= .01 * p= .05 Race coded 1 for white and 0 for non-white. Gender coded 1 for males and 0 for female. Figure 1: Interaction between political ideology and exposure to daytime talk shows Figure 2: Interaction between political ideology and perception that talk shows are real [1] Reliability for this analysis was measured with Scott's pi, which was equal to .73.


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Published: Tuesday, November 6, 2012, 12:07 a.m.
Vote for Game of the Week | State opening round
One of the perks of winning a district championship is being able to host an opening-round state playoff game. This weekend Jackson, Glacier Peak and Lakewood all get that distinction. That's why we're narrowing our choice for the Game of the Week to those three teams. Here's the choices:
Voting ends on Thursday at 6 p.m.
Voting ends on Thursday at 6 p.m.
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Charging technologies
Inverter (HF) technology
With inverter technology, the battery charging process is monitored throughout. The battery is charged with a constant current until a specific voltage is achieved. Following this, the charger switches over to constant-voltage charging. Furthermore, continuous comparison between target and actual charge voltage values mean that fluctuations in the mains voltage can also be eliminated. In chargers using inverter technology, the charge current has a very slight residual ripple, which ensures that the battery cannot heat up too much while being charged. The battery is charged gently, and over- and undercharging are avoided. This form of energy conversion, which is sometimes referred to as primary-switched technology, is more efficient and thus also results in lower energy consumption. These chargers can be recognised at a glance as they are roughly one-fifth smaller and considerably lighter.
Unregulated 50 Hz charger with single-stage characteristic (W, Wa)
Standard chargers operate with conventional 50 Hz transformers, and are the simplest and cheapest chargers on the market. They are usually supplied with unregulated charging characteristics (so-called W or Wa characteristics). Since the charging current is set depending on the battery voltage, and since the battery voltage increases the longer the battery has been on charge, the charge current is reduced as the charge state improves. Fluctuations in the mains voltage have a great influence on the progress of the charging curve. If the mains voltage is too low, the battery will not be fully charged. If, however, the mains voltage is too high, the result may be a very high charging voltage, which in turn can cause overcharging, gassing and damage to the battery. Not only are chargers of this type heavy, but the energy costs involved are also relatively high.
Unregulated 50 Hz charger with two-stage characteristic (WoWa)
50 Hz battery chargers with a two-stage characteristic (WoWa chargers) differ from 50 Hz battery chargers with a single-stage characteristic in that they switch over during the charging process. The charging current and battery voltage initially increase rapidly. Following an interval with a high charging current, the capacity of the battery to accept charge drops, and the charging current is reduced accordingly. After a specific value has been reached, an electromagnetic switch (=contactor) comes into play and switches over to top-up charging. This phase is time-limited, and when it ends the charger automatically switches off and stops charging. This charger does not feature a separate conservation charging phase.
Since the 50 Hz charger system does not concern itself with either the age of the battery or its charge state, it has now been superseded. However, it continues to be widely used in the field of traction batteries.


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7. | man-child | ||
a new way to say boy instead of saying it the normal boring way old fart down the street: those damn man-children came and graffitied my whole fence!
1. | Man-Child | ||
A term originating from Claude Brown's 1965 memoir "Man-Child in the Promised Land" about growing up in the streets of 1940s and 50s Harlem, NYC, one of the earliest and most powerful accounts of ghetto life and its culture. A "Man-Child" originally referred to a boy or adolescent from the streets who was prematurely exposed to and knowledgeable about sex, violence and crime, incarceration, adult responsibility for younger siblings due to a dysfunctional home, and hustling to make a living. You think life in the 'hood is rough now? Check out Brown's book one day. By the time he was 15 he'd already been locked up, hustling for a living and doing whatever he had to to survive as a man-child on the streets.
2. | man-child | ||
A grown man with the personality of a child. See AJ Styles and Eric Young. I find AJ Styles' man-child gimmick hilarious.
3. | Man-Child | ||
Innocent Man who preserve and cultivate "childish honesty"
or "unbiasdeness" - w.o.w.: a "(Self)Clean(ish) Person". ;) "childish honesty" (Man-Child) is the mental feeling (unbiasedness) BEFORE kindergarten and school.
4. | Man-Child | ||
a young boy that hits puberty early and has features of a man. Also known as Man-Child Syndrome, this disease affects a few children every day and causes them to feel out of place in the world because of their ridiculous strength, looks and the ability to get older women.
Older Sister- Stephanie what are you doing to my little brother he's only 12.
Stephanie- ain't nothing on this boy 12. Man-Child-........you god damn right. |
5. | Man-Child | ||
Man-Child: common moniker for the "Black Jesus", Amare Stoudemire, starting center for the Phoenix Suns. Rob: "Did you see the way Amare handled Duncan in the post last night?"
Bob: "Hellz yeah, Amare's a MAN-CHILD!" |
6. | Man-child | ||
it basically means you the fuckin' man. get mad bitches as well. get hype lets get it This dude's a straight man-child.
Forreallzz, you right as crap |


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Split time this weekend- the lake place and the home place.
Started the weekend in the Dermatologists office, my annual brush with mortality. I came away from that pretty much unscathed for a chance. Actually that makes two a row, which pleases me to no end.
Friday afternoon Mrs S and headed up to the cabin to work on the pontoon boat. We got the furniture reattached and by most accounts the boat, which will be renamed the SS (Sank Ship in case you were wondering) War Eagle. She's resplendent with navy carpet and some orange trim the only thing missing a giant AU in the front carpet and the "Beat Bama' logo on the back.
Personally I'd like to see the youth do well in a couple classes at Auburn before we go all in on the family watercraft if you know what I'm saying. Or rather, Just say'n.
Friday evening we had the first bonfire of the year. Not so much for the bonding effect of a lovely campfire on a summer night, the motivation was rather um, to destroy about 4 years of back checks and documents Mrs S had accumulated and didn't want to feed through her $8.99 POS shredder that chokes on two ply toilet paper much less more than one piece of paper at a time.
By the time we were done the fire pit was one gigantic pile of ashes which magically were completely gone in the morning after a thunderstorm and some rain.
Saturday Giggs had a friend up for the day, Riley the golden lab from the next door in Apple Valley. Riley hitched a rid up with some of the family members and they had a splendid day, Riley chasing shit around the yard for hours on end and Giggs attempting to herd Riley. They have a great relationship because each dog gets what they want. Giggs did have to draw line however at lake entry. Giggs, having no legs is a bit of wader in the lake, definitely not a swimmer. Riley being a lab enjoys the water. Giggs had to patiently wait on shore for other dog to swim back, and like a true herding dog waited in the down position like a sheep dog waiting on the next command. Breeding for traits is very interesting.
Then again, no corgi like the water, and Giggs certainly enjoys a good wade when it's hot outside.
Saturday dinner I whipped up Lebanese style. Some kabobs which had been marinating in olive oil and spices all day, I attempted my mothers baba ganoush, roasted eggplant puree with tahini, garlic, olive oil, and lemon juice. Having no recipe I winged it from a 27 year old memory of an observation of my mother making the stuff. It was decent enough but needs some tweaking. Since nothing as measured I'm not exactly certain how I'll I do that.. but I will enjoy figuring it out.
After chow Saturday night Mrs S and the kids all bailed with our neighbors and it then got really quiet up there. If it wasn't for the thunder and lightning I'd have had to start talking to myself.
Sunday I got up with great expectations of watching the Indy 500 and doing some work. New role at the office has me bringing home a lot of stuff these days and I was pretty sure at least one day of the weekend would be devoted to project work.
As it was we literally had no reception on Sunday. No TV reception for some reason. Now Blake Lake is on the far periphery of Twin Cities TV coverage, and all we have is an antenna, but we had been getting decent TV. I'm blaming sunspots.
After weaseling myself on invite to a friends for breakfast I managed to extend my visit through the morning and enjoyed a gratis bloody Mary while watching the race. Actually one of the best bloodies I've ever had. Full meal, marinated tomato juice and vodka. Good times.
After the race I invited the gang over to my place for more feeding and drinking and so it was.
Never mind that work thing mind you.
Sunday night we had a massive thunderstorms all around us, but someway, somehow we managed to avoid a direct hit and only had to suffer through the power going out. For 6 hours of so.
Monday I was home by 9:00. Mrs S met me at the door with a list. Somehow it had slipped my mind that my mother in law is coming to visit on Wednesday, which in my mind was three days away, but wit the holiday is actually only two days away and since we want her think we live in a model home for some reason, there was a lotta shit to do, which we did.
And now I have tiredness.
I did take a moment and think about the men and women in uniform who are putting their lives on the line in the service of our country. The meaning of the day was mentioned at dinner. I did not forget, like I did about my Mother in Law.
Or that we are about to have a high school graduation this week, my son of all people. Now since he's the middle kid I figured we could ignore it all together and go to the lake, but on further reflection have decided to stick around and congratulate him, and all his class on their great achievement, they have met the most basic educational requirement of our society and have earned themselves the highly coveted Meeting Expectations.
I don't get the bid deal on high school graduations.


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@ Raffy |
Saturday, 12 May 2012 15:54 |
The national team is always brought up, because we hear these great stories of these players performing really well for their respective teams. Yet the players chosen for the NT sometimes are questioned why they were selected.
It will always be brought up for the simple fact that we want the best players for each position, and if we feel we are lacking in one (Ie. Striker) we should look at the Portuguese Players abroad and their numbers. if the numbers and the performances are good, why not give them a shot. the current crop is starting to get older, so it would be good to have a back up squad set up to switch once the current gen is over the hill.
Just my 2 cents.
This is a comment on "José Semedo - the new Sheff Wed hero"


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IHA Volleyball honored by Bergen County Officials
Bergen County Parks and Recreation Director Ronald Kistner addresses the IHA Varsity Volleyball team.
Ronald Kistner honors the IHA Varsity Volleyball team for their outstanding achievement in volleyball.
IHA Varsity Volleyball Coach Maria Nolan accepts the certificates of honor from the Bergen County Executive Offices.
County Executive, Kathleen Donovan praised the IHA Varsity Volleyball for winning the Bergen County Volleyball Championship, the Non-Public State Championship, and the tournament of Champion: an amazing feat.
Ronald Kistner stated, "I'm sure you know your parents, friends and classmates and people at your school are proud of you, but I want to let you know the people of Bergen County are proud of you," Kistner said to the team. "You give us bragging rights."
IHA Varsity Volleyball Coach Mike DeCastro accepts the certificates of honor from the Bergen County Executive Offices.
Freeholder Maria DeNicola lauded the IHA Varsity Volleyball team for the incredible successes.


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Nike Boys' Dunk Basketball Short
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Criminal History Check Fee Increase
Effective March 1, 2010, the Missouri State Highway Patrol will implement a fee increase for name-based criminal history record information pursuant to Section 43.530 RSMo. The new fee for a name-based search will be $10. There will be no change in fees for fingerprint-based searches.
Please ensure you submit the proper fee of $10 per background check when submitting a dealer license application.


text:
Brazilian girls bid to sell virginity now turns into reality TV series
Australian filmmaker Justin Sisely, who controversially filmed 'Virgins Wanted,' a documentary where a man and a woman auctioned off their virginity, has transformed the film into a reality series. The project in the beginning was supposed to be a feature-length documentary but now Sisely is promoting it as a reality TV series - set to debut at MIPCOM, an entertainment trade fair in October in ...
Brazil announces $13 bn budget cut for 2013
The Brazilian government has announced a curtailment of 28 billion reais ($13.65 billion) in the 2013 federal budget. The budget cut aims to help the government achieve the primary surplus goal, which was established at 155.9 billion reais ($76 billion) for the year under review, which represents 3.2 percent of Brazil's GDP, Planning and Budget Minister Miriam Belchior said. The cut falls ...
Seedorf out to revive Botafogos past glory
Mention Botafogo to most young Brazilian football fans and the likelihood is the word will conjure images of a battling club with a small, if passionate, supporter base and a sparse trophy cabinet. Forgotten is the fact that Brazil's 1962 World Cup-winning team comprised five Botafogo players, including the crooked-legged Garrincha, rated by many as the game's greatest player before Pele, ...
Santos reject Barcelona Neymar bid
Santos have rejected a 20 million-euro offer from Barcelona for Brazil star Neymar. The Brazilian outfit, which last week turned down Barcelona's initial 18 million-euro bid for the striker, made the decision after a meeting of the club's board Wednesday night, reports Xinhua. "Santos has analysed the the proposal and it doesn't meet our requirements," Santos vice-president Odilio Rodrigues ...
Olimpia hold Fluminense in Libertadores quarters
Olimpia raised hopes of an unlikely semifinal berth after holding Fluminense to a 0-0 draw in their Copa Libertadores quarterfinal first leg. The Paraguayan outfit was reduced to 10-men at the Sao Januario stadium in the 82nd minute Wednesday when midfielder Eduardo Aranda received his second yellow card for a foul on Rhayner, reports Xinhua. Despite dominating possession and creating a number ...
Movie Review
One False Move
The first ten minutes of "One False Move" feel like any other violent crime film, even bordering on entering the straight-to-video realm, which is ironic because the rest of the film is so sharp and original. In the opening segment, three criminals, Roy (Billy Bob Thornton), Pluto (Michael Beach), and Roy's girlfriend Fantasia (Cynda Williams) disrupt a birthday party by stabbing, shooting or suff ... ...
On Facebook
Northern Ireland healthcare firm lands business in Brazil
Arlene Foster attended South America's largest healthcare exhibition.The company currently employs around 110 people and exports to 55 countries including the ...
Goal Why Time May Be Running Out for Brazil's State Championships
Droylsden ? Run their finely tuned thoroughbreds into the ground for no financial gain? Hardly. Those seeking a soccer planner's dream gone mad should instead look to Brazil. The 27 deeply idiosyncratic estaduais (state championships) run from January until the middle of May (the biggest, the Campeonato Paulista, can last for up to 23 matches). After a generous seven days of rest, the ...
Brazil president says asylum offer to adulterous Iran woman is humanitarian gesture
The decision to give refuge to a convicted Iranian woman should be seen as a humanitarian act without political motives, said Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. "I made the offer for humanitarianism, instead of politics," Xinhua quoted da Silva, as saying while referring to the case of Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, 43, who has been convicted of adultery and sentenced to ...
Brazil to hold oil auction one month earlier than expected
Three reasons to go Premium! 1. Unlock details of over 3,000 companies 2. Have access to 11,000 oil industry people profiles 3. Full address details of over 5000 ...
Infants to get free milk in Paraguay
ASUNCION, Paraguay -- Paraguay exports enough soy, wheat and corn to feed 80 million people, more than 10 times its population, and its rivers provide abundant fresh water. But 14 percent of its children suffer chronic malnutrition, and many others lack clean drinking ...
They said it
Nothing will ever completely replace playing the game I love, however I feel like I'm starting a new adventure and I'm genuinely excited about what lies ahead. I'm fortunate to have been given many opportunities throughout my career and now I feel it's my time to give back.
David Beckham
The world's best known footballer was speaking after formally announcing his retirement.
Hotel Review
Hilton San Diego Airport/Harbor Island
The hotel is easy to locate although coming off Highway 405 South there is no indicattion that the Downtown exits ...
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Brazil Sun
Brazil Sun | brazilsun.com | Brazil Newspaper OnlineNewspapers the world over strive to provide readers with the ultimate news coverage.
The Brazil Sun is no exception.
As an online news service we have advantages over traditional newspapers in that stories can be added and updated 24 hours day.
Our objective is to provide the most comprehensive Brazilian news available, from our resources, contracted wire services and an inventory of some thousands of sources comprising newspapers, cable and TV networks, radio stations, public broadcasters, NGOs and others, Brazil news is a priority.
National news comes first. We do however strive to provide a complete news services for our readers. World news headlines top several of our pages, we also provide news on what's happening in business, and in the financial markets.
Whether it's the latest Nikkei 225 reading in Tokyo, the sterling exchange rate in London, or the status of the Nasdaq in New York, whether it's local Brazil news, the weather forecast for Brazil you'll find it all in the Brazil Sun.
From Sao Paulo to Rio de Janeiro, the Brazil Sun should be your number one choice for breaking news - local, regional, and national.
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- Local every day in
Woburn Man, Woman Arrested During Drug Bust
Pair arrested on drug possession and distribution charges.
A Woburn man and woman were arrested on drug possession and distribution charges last Tuesday.
Paige E. Gallagher, 22, of 18 Spring Court Ext., and Nicholas C. McMaster, 22, also of 18 Spring Court Ext., were arrested and charged with: Possession of a Class B Drug (Oxycodone/Percocet), Possess to Distribute Class B Drug (Oxycodone/Percocet), and Conspiracy to Violate Drug Law (Distribute Oxycodone/Percocet).
Police reported the pair were arrested during a Southern Middlesex Regional Drug Task Force investigation with the Woburn Police Nov. 13.
According to police, Gallagher and McMaster are known to officers as Percocet distributors and also have a record of selling marijuana in 2009.
Woburn Police stopped Gallagher's vehicle on Montvale Avenue as part of the investigation. During a search of the vehicle, police found three Oxycodone/Percocet tablets in the car, and Gallagher also revealed she had several other tablets in baggies under her bra.
Police reported that over 100 Oxycodone/Percocet pills were recovered, as well as drug distribution paraphenalia.
cee jr.
11:39 am on Monday, November 19, 2012
evict them from their low income housing and allow a deserving family to move in. but of course dirt bags always win in these situations.
3:50 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
Kudos in getting these people arrested and their dangerous drugs off the street.
Joanne Damrath
4:59 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
It would be nice if the Southern Middlesex Regional Drug Task Force would finally get the scumbags that are supplying to these low level drug dealers. They know who they are, don't kid yourself.
5:30 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
So true. It would be very nice to have this task force all over woburn though. Especially North.
Nicholas McLaughlin
5:22 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
Wait, Wait, Wait.... So what's the difference between getting a drug from a company or from a dude on the street?
Joanne Damrath
5:37 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
Didn't say that... Actually there is no difference, except for one can do it legally and the other illegally. Still ends up the same way... horrific drug addiction.
5:34 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
Getting a drug from the pharmacy generally means there is medical necessity for the substance, whereas street selling of the same substance generally means for recreational use, or just getting high for the sake of getting high.
5:41 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
Both lead to horrific drug addiction.....generally, yes, but there is a qualitative difference between having intractable pain and having a pain pill Rx, and popping one merely for the high.
Joanne Damrath
5:44 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
I agree Keith, The prescribing has gotten way out of hand in this country, though. :(
cee jr.
6:54 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
I bet they have better stuff than I do and I work a real honest job day in and day out. I will say it again and again, and I do not care if I come across as insensitive....throw them and others who engage in ILLEGAL activity OUT of public housing!
proud parent
7:03 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
They should take away their child and unborn child...I feel bad for the family and the kids!!!...enough is a enough
Nicholas McLaughlin
7:33 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
Who's the real criminal? The people who get addicted to it and have to sell it to make a living and feed their addiction or the corporations who sole want to make a profit and don't necessarily care about the "collateral-damage" or is it the government for loosely regulating drugs? Don't blame the oppressed, Blame the oppressor.
10:58 pm on Monday, November 19, 2012
These were two people with past records for distribution. They deserve what they get. And they should be booted out of public housing. You break the law, you lose. This is not a couple of first time offenders we are talking about,
susan beacon
1:07 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
These two people have no past records of distribution or anything else for that matter. They have not been found guilty in a court of law for anything!
7:04 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
Are known to police and have a record of selling marijuana in 2009... that's a record I believe
cee jr.
1:23 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
Get them all out of the projects! Every single solitary person engaging in illegal criminal actiivity. Get out! Let some deserving law abiding person or family who is eligible for public housing move in. I am writing this working out on the cold right now so part of my hard earned money can subsidize these dirtbag's lifestyle. I'm sure they are getting a good night's sleep. In a nice warm bed!
proud parent
6:53 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
These two don't deserve anything...children,free housing..take it all away!!!!...your not a good mom if your getting into this kind of trouble.it makes me sick
susan beacon
8:37 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
My bad, I guess there may be a record and I would like to know what you are hiding "proud parent" that you can't even post your name??
proud parent
9:10 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
Why do I need to put my name! Just speaking my mind like everyone else! Tell me I'm wrong. Sorry don't think people like that should keep their kids.its how I feel
9:24 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
I don't blame you proud parent, use an alias. If you don't people will call you and scream at you if they don't like your postings. It happened to me way back when. But they got my wife, and she didn't have any idea what they were talking about but they trashed her anyways. So I changed my name. Sad state of affairs, but it beats the 2am phone calls.
3:52 pm on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
"proud parent " i would never say something over the internet & disguise my name .. because you know the person ..your a coward .. pathetic & fake maybe you should change your name to "proud coward "!
proud parent
9:48 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
I just know one of them personally..people don't need to know who I am. I saw first hand,I'm not surprised this happened
7:50 am on Wednesday, November 21, 2012
I happen to know both of them personally and they are wonderful loving caring and attentive parents. They love their children very much and if you did know them you would know that, and know that they and only they will have to face the consequences of their actions... There are no perfect people in this world, we all make mistakes, that doesn't mean your a bad parent and when you take children away from their parents you hurt the child more than the parent... so proud parent you must not care about the welfare of those children if you would recommend taking them away from the people that they love most in this world. And it is shameful that you hide your name so that Paige doesn't know who her real friends are and who is stabbing her in the back on line. You must have no life if you have the time to sit and comment on newspaper articles. I am only doing this to defend people that I know and love. Remember... everybody makes mistakes!!!!
susan beacon
10:09 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
now i see why you won't post your name you know one of them and don't want them to know what you personally think of them. understandable
proud parent
10:23 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
It has already started at the other end..I am grown up thank you very much..and if were grown up Paige,you wouldn't have made the choice u did.I feel sorry for ur kids and family.
susan beacon
10:47 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
ya i feel like if you can't say anything nice don't say anything at all
10:53 am on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
I don't know the any of the people allegedly involved in this purported activity, but as a parent of teenagers, I too am concerned with the potential availability of powerful pain meds on the streets of Woburn, and applaud the efforts of law enforcement in trying to curb this activity. Now, if the authorities would only begin to notice all the chemtrail spraying going on in the skies over Woburn, I'd really start feeling we were moving in a positive direction.
4:00 pm on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
"proud parent " i would never say something over the internet & disguise my name .. because you know the person ..your a coward .. pathetic & fake maybe you should change your name to "proud coward "!
4:06 pm on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
& your obviously friends with paige on facebook .. so if you have all these awful feelings towards her why dont you delete her & tell her your not fond of her ..instead of being a fake person ... & she is also an amazing mother just because she made a bad decision in her life doesnt mean her kids should be taken away they have everything they need & are loved more than any other children i know they are lucky to have paige as a mother !
susan beacon
5:46 pm on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
WELL SAID!! I hope that proud parent can be proud of herself , this is not an example I would want to set for my kids trashing other people just because you are not fond of them.......that is no better than a kid in high school BULLYING another! BULLING I BELEIVE IS A CRIME , SO WITH THAT PROUD PARENT YOU ARE COMMITING A CRIME.
Danielle Masterson
6:26 pm on Tuesday, November 20, 2012
Please keep comments civil. We have already had to delete several comments due to foul language. If you cannot comment in a civil manner, we will shut down comments on this article and your account will be subject to suspension.
8:46 am on Wednesday, November 21, 2012
Look, whether or not they are loving and caring parents, the fact is that if you truly love your children, you do the right thing. When you do the wrong thing, in this case drugs, you are not putting the best interests of your children first. When you engage in activity that could result in them being removed from your care, then you are not really caring at all. Your actions have consequences, Perhaps you love your children more than anything in the world, But engaging in illegal activity certainly does not show that you care at all. loving and caring means doing what's right period!
10:53 am on Wednesday, November 21, 2012
Lets be real, we all make mistakes, no one is perfect, everyone must have something they are not proud of big or small but we hopefully if nothing else learn from it and try to be better people.
O and by the way I thought this website was to tell the news not a free for all bashing website....not sure whether they should allow any comments to be posted on these types of articles in the future! Some comments seem very cruel on a personal level!
12:30 pm on Wednesday, November 21, 2012
Let's be real.
This was not a mistake. Words have meanings, and if you don't know what 'mistake' means go to http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mistake and read up.
This was a deliberate act that the parties knew was against the law before they undertook it. When one sets out to break the law they shouldn't be surprised that there could be consequences including the loss of money, children, freedom, and/or public assistance.
3:25 pm on Wednesday, November 21, 2012
I do know what mistake means ......The word 'mistake' means 1: to make a mistake or be incorrect; 2: an understanding of something that is not correct; 3: a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; 4: part of a statement that is not correct; 5: identify incorrectly http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_an_mistake
3:49 pm on Wednesday, November 21, 2012
@ Old Townie... this is taken directly from your cited website,
: a wrong action or statement proceeding from faulty judgment, inadequate knowledge, or inattention. I believe it was a mistake, a wrong action proceeding from faulty judgment. I don't think the article stated anywhere that they were "surprised" and as I stated before, they will be the ones to suffer the consequences of their "mistakes". I just hate to see people on here judging others so harshly without knowing all of the circumstances. Especially for someone who "knows one of them personally" to be so critical and two-faced and to hide behind an alias and to say what she thinks should be done to her children. Those are babies, they should be left out of it. The police left them out of it and so did the newspaper, so for this woman... who ever she is to come on here and comment about her children is just wrong on soooo many levels. Shame on her!!!
8:24 am on Sunday, November 25, 2012
This sounds like a good bust, maybe these two can do some life adjustments quick and get a job and off the goverment dime! The Woburn Police do a great job, thank you for all you do, please keep in mind civil rights and avoid paramilitary task forces..it always ends bad.


text: I had a few questions about getting back into the Army as a warrant. I ETS'd honorably in 1998. Since then I have been a law enforcement officer. I was looking into the possibility of going back in as a warrant officer. I was wondering what the age limit was for prior service to enlist as a Warrant Candidate as I just turned 37. I guess the answer to this question will open up further questions I have.


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dsrb, on 11 April 2012 - 03:04 PM, said:
Aesculapius Piranha, on 11 April 2012 - 01:39 PM, said:
blogs.sega.com/2012/04/10/sonic-the-hedgehog-4-episode-ii-with-metal-lock-on-revealed/ said:
Showing so little platforming, and so many automatic sections that might as well be scripted, is not making me pumped. Dat f*&^%$g booster noise.
I'm sure they are just teasing him being cool. Either way Metal is getting some single player playable love in the main games, and this is long overdue. If you aren't pumped, you probably haven't been hoping for this since Sonic CD was relatively new like me. If he has awesome gameplay on top of it, that will be a cherry on top.
Star and Moon, on 11 April 2012 - 03:24 PM, said:
Because SEGA has a track record of disappoint people are sceptical, and rightfully so. Personally I have felt that the physics look fine in Episode 2 for a while now. With the inclusion of Metal Sonic, I can't even complain that they let Tails in anymore, so thanks for shutting me up on that, SEGA. ^_^


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a beat i made a few years ago thrown to some conan video.
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new Conan the Barbarian gameplay trailer ! hope you`;) like it
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Also coming to the Xbox 360
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Monday, February 4, 2013
The Narita Dress: A New Pattern!
I am so happy to finally be releasing a new pattern. It only took me months and months to get this one out but I am very proud of it.
Like the Greenpoint Cardigan, the Narita Dress is a digitally drawn pattern with fully illustrated instructions that is delivered to your email in .pdf form. It comes in 8 sizes from 18 months - 8 years and features a button-back placket bodice, optional on-seam pockets, and a swingy skirt in 6 parts. The options for customization are endless depending on the type of fabric you use, the number of different fabrics you use, and the print. The bodice is also an excellent way to feature a small amount of embroidery, like I did with the anchor in the top picture.
I've made many variations of this dress, but this nautical-inspired one is my fave! Check out those fun anchor buttons I found.
While quilting cottons are not recommended because of their bulk, you can work around that by cutting on the bias, like I did with this polka dot. You can see how this gives it a bit more swing and drape. (I also cut the green fabric on the bias so it would match, but it was a lighter weight broadcloth.)
This dress is particularly gorgeous and swingy in a soft voile, like the AMH featured here:
And here you can see what it looks like in quilting cotton. It's certainly possible, it just doesn't have the same drape.
You may not know, but my patterns are being named after places I've been. This dress always looked to me like something you might find in a Japanese sewing book. Unfortunately I've only been to one place in Japan so far, and that is the Narita Airport :) Luckily it has a pretty name.
So, are you ready to sew your own Narita Dress? You can purchase it here! And be sure to send pictures if you make one. I'd love to see it!
And as always, 25% of all profits are donated to a charity, currently a local orphanage for children with special needs. Read more here.
13 comments:
- ChristyFebruary 4, 2013 at 12:21 PM
Gorgeous!! I purchased it as fast as my fingers could fly!
This will be perfect for summer dresses...can't wait to sew it up! - AnonymousFebruary 9, 2013 at 2:07 PM
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Big news!!
For the fourth year in a row, Clair Pruett has made The Knot's Best of Wedding list! And this year we've been placed as one of the top wedding videographers in the Philadelphia area! We're so honored to be recognized in this way and we can't wait to see what kind of exciting new wedding videos we can share with you in the future!
For a detailed interview with our Director of Video Operations, check out our new and improved blog!


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Fire that destroyed Stonegate condominiums in Pontiac started by smoldering cigarettes
Cigarettes disposed of in a plastic container on a deck of one of a string of connected condominiums started the fire at Stonegate subdivision Monday afternoon, Waterford Regional Fire Department officials said.
Five of the complex's 12, three-story units were destroyed in the blaze that started around 3:30 p.m. at Stonegate on Elizabeth Lake near Telegraph.
A resident of one of the units, a 62-year-old woman, was treated for chest pains and transported to William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak.
But there were no injuries to residents nor firefighters as a result of the fire, said Fire Chief Ronald Spears.
Oakland County Sheriff's Office deputies from the Pontiac substation, Stonegate residents, and Mike Post, an employee of Friend of the Court office nearby went door-to-door at the attached condominiums on Lydia Lane to alert people to get out of the building.
Post, who saw the smoke from his window could see flames by the time he got to the condominiums to knock on the doors.
"Another guy was banging on doors too. We wanted to make sure no one was in there. A couple of people came out a couple of minutes later.
"You could feel the heat, but I didn't feel I was in danger," said Post, who had moved away from the building when he saw the burning balcony fall down.
"It is just a good thing they all got out," Post said.
And as they arrived on the scene, firefighters immediately climbed a ladder and entered windows to ensure there were no remaining people inside, fire officials said. Continued...
Fire Marshall Matt Covey, who investigated the fire, said what transpired was that "individuals were smoking on the deck, placing cigarettes in a plastic can... (something that is) known to cause fires across the nation."
The smoldering cigarette, "was enough to get the can ignited and it was up against the exterior wall," of the condominium, said Covey, during a joint interview with Covey, Spears and Deputy Chief Jeff Finkbeiner.
"The fire started on the exterior wall and went through the soffet (and through the vinyl siding) and made its way through the attic space," Covey said.
Fire officials said the sprinkling systems inside the condos worked and the fire walls kept the fire from entering the living areas.
However, the weakness was in the decks, allowing the fire to enter on both sides of the balcony.
They said the light construction materials used to construct the balconies are great during storms and high winds, but when involved in fire, they fail and are prone to rapid collapse, the fire officials explained.
After the hours of effort to put out the fire and save as many condominiums as possible, the fire officials were upset about a remark made by former Mayor Walter Moore, that if Fire Station 5 on Huron and North Genessee near Telegraph had not been closed when Pontiac contracted with Waterford for fire service, the fire would not have become so involved.
They said the first call came in at 3:48 p.m. and firefighters arrived at 3:54 p.m., they said, noting that the majority of firefighters at the scene were from the former Pontiac Fire Department.
The Waterford Regional's average time to respond to a fire is 5.22 minutes anywhere in the city, said Finkbeiner and Covey.
In the city in 2011, the year before Waterford took over, the average time was 6 minutes 29 seconds. Going back four years, the Pontiac Fire Departments average time was 5 minutes 33 seconds, they said. Continued...
Overall, said Spears, "The guys did an awesome job on getting that fire put out. In a fire that spreads that rapidly, they did a good aggressive attack and were able to save several units in that complex. There was damage to only the five units."
Spears also credited the West Bloomfield and Bloomfield departments for their assistance.
"We also want to thank the Red Cross who worked with occupants and found them a place to stay and helped afford them the ability to get some clothes." said the chief.
Employees at the Friend of the Court office adjacent to Stonegate on Elizabeth Lake Road are trying to providing the families affected by the fire with clothing and other needs. To donate, email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Contact staff writer Diana Dillaber Murray at 248-745-4638, email email@example.com or Twitter @DDillybar.
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Banners | Austin Sign Company | Yard Signs | Magnetic Signs | Truck Signs | Austin, Texas
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Her inspiration to teach started seven years ago, when she was obese. A God-sent blessing taught her water aerobics, and not long after, she began to lose weight.
"Five dollars is a bag of chips and a coke, and that hurts you, whereas my class will help you," Young said. "God saved my life through water."
To Young, aerobics is her ministry. She teaches up around 50 people each day and feels God called her to do it.
Young began teaching her friends, after they repeatedly told her how good she was. She began trying to get jobs for her ministry, and now teaches at Berry College, Jacksonville State and several other places. She's also in her second year teaching aerobics at the Centre City Pool.
"If you love to do something, ask God to help you and you can make a living out of it," Young said. "The people in this class become friends, and it turns into not only a place to work out, but also a place where you meet with friends two times a week. I really love all of the people I teach and I try to make class fun."
According to Young, water aerobics is 75-percent more effective than land exercise, and 90-percent of people who cannot work out on land can do so in water.
"It is very rare that people get sore, because the water does the work for you while it massages your muscles," she said. "The pressure outside your body is the same as inside your body in the water."
Young works her ministry through water, and while class is going on, will often say things to motivate her students and show them God's way.
"God sees us as the finished product, not as we are at this moment," Young said. "Age doesn't matter when God calls you."


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Toy Hunter: Jersey Shore Pictures
Jordan heads to the Jersey Shore to explore an outdoor shed filled with old collectible toys. Later, he sweeps an attic, leaving no corner unturned, and stumbles upon a hefty Star Wars collection.
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Shape Inlay
Shuffle shapes to fill in the puzzle. Drag and drop the scrolling tiles into the open spaces, but don't let too many pass by. Can you solve the puzzle before the tiles pile up?
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