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A favela (Portuguese pronunciation: [faˈvɛlɐ]) is the term for a shanty town in Brazil, most often within urban areas. The first favelas appeared in the late 19th century and were built by soldiers who had nowhere to live. Some of the first settlements were called bairros africanos (African neighbourhoods). This was the place where former slaves with no land ownership and no options for work lived. Over the years, many former black slaves moved in.
Even before the first favela came into being, poor citizens were pushed away from the city and forced to live in the far suburbs. However, most modern favelas appeared in the 1970s due to rural exodus, when many people left rural areas of Brazil and moved to cities. Unable to find a place to live, many people ended up in a favela.[1] Census data released in December 2011 by the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) shows that in 2010, about 6 percent of the population lived in slums in Brazil.[2] This means that 11.4 million of the 190 million people that lived in the country resided in areas of irregular occupation definable by lack of public services or urbanization, referred to by the IBGE as "subnormal agglomerations".
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The original favela was built on the Morro de Castelo in Rio de Janeiro by the families of soldiers returning from the Canudos Campaign[3]
The term favela was coined in the late 1800s.[4] At the time, 20,000 veteran soldiers were brought from the conflict against the settlers of Canudos, in the Eastern province of Bahia, to Rio de Janeiro and left with no place to live.[5] When they served the army in Bahia, those soldiers had been familiar with Canudos's Favela Hill — a name referring to favela, a skin-irritating tree in the spurge family (Cnidoscolus quercifolius) indigenous to Bahia.[6] When they settled in the Providência [Providence] hill in Rio de Janeiro, they nicknamed the place Favela hill from their common reference, thereby calling a slum a favela for the first time[7]
The favelas were formed prior to the dense occupation of cities and the domination of real estate interests.[8] In the 1920s the favelas grew to such an extent that they were perceived as a problem for the whole society. At the same time the term favela underwent a first institutionalization by becoming a local category for the settlements of the urban poor on hills. However, it was not until 1937 that the favela actually became central to public attention, when the Building Code (Código de Obras) first recognized their very existence in an official document and thus marked the beginning of explicit favela policies.[9] The housing crisis of the 1940s forced the urban poor to erect hundreds of shantytowns in the suburbs, when favelas replaced tenements as the main type of residence for destitute Cariocas (residents of Rio). The explosive era of favela growth dates from the 1940s, when Getúlio Vargas's industrialization drive pulled hundreds of thousands of migrants into the Federal District, until 1970, when shantytowns expanded beyond urban Rio and into the metropolitan periphery.[10]
Urbanization in the 1950s provoked mass migration from the countryside to the cities throughout Brazil by those hoping to take advantage of the economic opportunities urban life provided. Those who moved to Rio de Janeiro, however, chose an inopportune time. The change of Brazil's capital from Rio to Brasília in 1960 marked a slow but steady decline for the former, as industry and employment options began to dry up. Unable to find work, and therefore unable to afford housing within the city limits, these new migrants remained in the favelas. Despite their proximity to urban Rio de Janeiro, the city did not extend sanitation, electricity, or other services to the favelas. They soon became associated with extreme poverty and were considered a headache to many citizens and politicians within Rio. In the 1970s, Brazil's military dictatorship pioneered a favela eradication policy, which forced the displacement of hundreds of thousands of residents. During Carlos Lacerda's administration, many were moved to public housing projects such as Cidade de Deus ("City of God"), later popularized in a wildly popular feature film of the same name. Poor public planning and insufficient investment by the government led to the disintegration of these projects into new favelas. By the 1980s, worries about eviction and eradication were beginning to give way to violence associated with the burgeoning drug trade. Changing routes of production and consumption meant that Rio de Janeiro found itself as a transit point for cocaine destined for Europe. Although drugs brought in money, they also accompanied the rise of the small arms trade and of gangs competing for dominance. Today, many of Rio's favelas are still essentially ruled by drug traffickers or by militias.[11]
Most of the current favelas began in the 1970s, as a construction boom in the more affluent districts of Rio de Janeiro initiated a rural exodus of workers from poorer states in Brazil. Since favelas have been created under different terms but with similar end results,[12] the term favela has become generally interchangeable with any impoverished area.
Favelas are built around the edge of the main city; so in a way, they are actually expanding the city. Communities form in favelas over time and often develop an array of social and religious organizations and forming associations to obtain such services as running water and electricity. Sometimes the residents manage to gain title to the land and then are able to improve their homes. Because of crowding, unsanitary conditions, poor nutrition and pollution, disease is rampant in the poorer favelas and infant mortality rates are high.
Service in Favela (Census 2010) | Percent[13][14] |
Sanitation | 67.3% |
Water | 88.3% |
Electricity | 99.7% |
Garbage collection | 95.4% |
People in Favela | Population |
Favela residents of Brazil's population | 11,400,000 (6%) |
Demographics in Favela | Proportion[15] |
Non-White | 70% |
Illiteracy | 8.4% |
Public policy towards favelas[edit]
The explosive growth of favelas triggered government removal campaigns. Police have little or no control in many favelas. A program in the 1940s called Parque Proletário destroyed the original homes of those dwelling in favelas in Rio and relocated them to temporary housing as they waited for the building of public housing.[16]
Eventually little public housing was built and the land that was cleared for it just became reoccupied with new settlements of favela dwellers. In 1955, Dom Hélder Câmara, Archbishop of Recife and Auxiliary Bishop of Rio de Janeiro, launched the Cruzada São Sebastião (St. Sebastian's Crusade), a federally financed project to build an apartment complex in the biggest favela at the time, Praia do Pinto. The goal of the Cruzada was to transform favela dwellers into more acceptable citizens by only housing those willing to give up the vices associated with favela life. One was in Praia do Pinto and the other in the favela of Rádio Nacional in Parada de Lucas.[17]
Removal programs of the favelas flourished once again in the 1970s under the military dictatorship, disguised as a government housing program for the poor. What really happened was that more favelas were eliminated and their residents were displaced to urban territory lacking basic infrastructure.[8] The idea was to eliminate the physical existence of favelas by taking advantage of the cheaper prices of suburban land. The favela eradication programme became paralyzed eventually because of the resistance of those who were supposed to benefit from the programme and a distribution of income did not permit the poor to assume the economic burden of public housing that was placed on them.[18]
Recent developments[edit]
In 1995, the Comitê para Democratização da Informática (now part of the Center for Digital Inclusion) started computer schools to reduce the digital divide.[19][20] In 2007, President Lula announced the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, a four-year investment plan, which includes the promotion of urban development for the favelas. There have been public policies aimed at the favelas from local governments. In Rio de Janeiro, programs such as the favela-barrio and Rio cidade have attempted to mitigate the problem.
The issues surrounding security and urbanization in favelas has grown tremendously with the announcement of the two worldwide events that Brazil will be hosting, the 2014 Fifa World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics. Brazil is now under more pressure to implement policies to secure and restructure favelas, especially in Rio and São Paulo.There have been multiple interventions by the government, mostly unsuccessful, to remove or rehabilitate favelas. However, the 2014 and 2016 competitions to be held in Brazil have lent a renewed urgency to these attempts. They are a test for the country as to whether it can ensure security for the thousands that will be pouring in, especially in a city where 6,000 people are killed each year. Along with internal reforms, Rio de Janeiro's government has begun to attempt a different type of favela intervention, going beyond periodic police raids to promote sustained rehabilitation from within as well. New plans to clear some favelas and rebuild others in a gentrification initiative would affect over 260,000 households and relocate about 13,000 families. To residents, this is all too reminiscent of the forced evacuations of the 1970s. In addition, the UPP program has only secured funding up until 2016, provoking suspicions that its only purpose is to temporarily stem violence until the Olympics and World Cup are over and the tourists return home.[11]
Pacifying Police Units[edit]
Beginning in 2008, Pacifying Police Units (Portuguese: Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora, also translated as Police Pacification Unit), abbreviated UPP, began to be implemented within various favelas in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The UPP is a law enforcement and social services program aimed at reclaiming territories controlled by drug traffickers. The program was spearheaded by State Public Security Secretary José Mariano Beltrame with the backing of Rio Governor Sérgio Cabral.
Rio de Janeiro's state governor, Sérgio Cabral, traveled to Colombia in 2007 in order to observe public security improvements enacted in the country under Colombian President Álvaro Uribe since 2000. Following his return, he secured US$1.7 billion for the express purpose of security improvement in Rio, particularly in the favelas. In 2008, the state government unveiled a new police force whose rough translation is Pacifying Police Unit (UPP). Recruits receive special training as well as a US$300 monthly bonus. By October 2012, UPPs have been established in 28 favelas, with the stated goal of Rio's government to install 40 UPPs by 2014.
The establishment of a UPP within a favela is initially spearheaded by Rio de Janeiro's elite police battalion, BOPE, in order to arrest or drive out gang leaders. After generally securing an area of heavy weapons and large drug caches, and establishing a presence over several weeks to several months, the BOPE are then replaced by a new Pacifying Police Unit composed of hundreds of newly trained policemen, who work within a given favela as a permanent presence aimed at community policing.
Suspicion toward the police force is widespread in the favelas, so working from within is a more effective and efficient means of enacting change. Rio's Security Chief, José Mariano Beltrame, has stated that the main purpose of the UPPs is more toward stopping armed men from ruling the streets than to put an end to drug trafficking. A 2010 report by the World Organization Against Torture (OMCT) did note the drop in the homicide rate within Rio de Janeiro's favelas. However, the report also pointed to the importance of initiatives that combine public security with intra-favela initiatives.[11]
Journalists within Rio studying ballot results from the 2012 municipal elections observed that those living within favelas administered by UPPs distributed their votes among a wider spectrum of candidates compared to areas controlled by drug lords or other organized crime groups such as milícias.[21]
Formation of favela society[edit]
The people who live in favelas are known as Moradores da favela, or pejoratively as favelados. Favelas are associated with extreme poverty. Brazil's favelas can be seen as the result of the unequal distribution of wealth in the country. Brazil is one of the most economically unequal countries in the world with the top 10 percent of its population earning 50 percent of the national income and about 8.5 percent of all people living below the poverty line.[22]
The Brazilian government has made several attempts in the 20th century to improve the nation's problem of urban poverty. One way was by the eradication of the favelas and favela dwellers that occurred during the 1970s while Brazil was under military governance. These favela eradication programs forcibly removed over 100,000 residents and placed them in public housing projects or back to the rural areas that many emigrated from.[23] Another attempt to deal with urban poverty came by way of gentrification. The government sought to upgrade the favelas and integrate them into the inner city with the newly urbanized upper-middle class. As these "upgraded favelas" became more stable, they began to attract members of the lower-middle class pushing the former favela dwellers onto the streets or outside of the urban center and into the suburbs further away from opportunity and economic advancement. For example: in Rio de Janeiro, the vast majority of the homeless population is black, and part of that can be attributed to favela gentrification and displacement of those in extreme poverty.[24]
Drugs and the favela[edit]
The cocaine trade has affected Brazil and in turn its favelas, which tend to be ruled by drug lords. Regular shoot-outs between traffickers and police and other criminals, as well as assorted illegal activities, lead to murder rates in excess of 40 per 100,000 inhabitants in the city of Rio and much higher rates in some Rio favelas.[25] Traffickers ensure that individual residents can guarantee their own safety through their actions and political connections to them. They do this by maintaining order in the favela and giving and receiving reciprocity and respect, thus creating an environment in which critical segments of the local population feel safe despite continuing high levels of violence.
Drug use is highly concentrated in these areas run by local gangs in each highly populated favela. Drug sales and use run rampant at night when many favelas host their own baile, or dance party, where many different social classes can be found. These drug sales make up a business that in some of the occupied areas rakes in as much as US$ 150 million per month, according to official estimates released by the Rio media.[26]
Growth and removal of the favelas[edit]
Despite the attempts to cleanse Brazil's major cities like Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo of favelas, the poor population grew at a rapid pace as well as the modern favelas that house them in the end of last century. This is a phenomenon called "favelização" ("favela growth" or "favelisation"). In 1969, there were approximately 300 favelas in Rio de Janeiro; today there are twice as many.
In 1950, only 7 percent of Rio de Janeiro's population lived in favelas, nowadays this number has grown to 19 percent or about one in five people living in a favela. According to national census data, from 1980–1990, the overall growth rate of Rio de Janeiro dropped by 8 percent, but the favela population increased by 41 percent. After 1990, the city's growth rate leveled at 7 percent, but the favela population increased by 24 percent. However, a report of the United Nations, released in 2010 shows that Brazil has reduced its slum population by 16%, now corresponding to about 6% of the overall population of the nation.[27]
Current decreases in the population of favelas can, in some ways, be credited to the original reasons of rural to urban migration. In recent years, urban migration has become less attractive due to the investments in the rural whole in Brazil improving the living conditions of rural workers.
Other investments, such as the ones to industries, infrastructure, tourism and social assistance are helping to spread the wealth, developing historic underdeveloped regions (like Northeastern Brazil) and reducing the reasons to migrate to economic cores like São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. All of this has added to the fast economic growth Brazil has been experiencing. The poor classes are entering the middle classes and the rate of poverty is vertiginously falling.
Since the mid-1990s, a new form of tourism has emerged in globalizing cities of several so-called developing countries or emerging nations. Visits to the most disadvantaged parts of the city are essential features of this form of tourism. It is mainly composed of guided tours, marketed and operated by professional companies, through these disadvantaged areas. This new form of tourism has often been referred to as slum tourism which can also be seen in areas of South Africa and India.[28]
In Brazil, this new growing market of tourism has evolved in a few particular favelas mostly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, with the largest and most visited favela being Rocinha. This new touristic phenomena has developed into a major segment of touristic exploration.[9] These tours draw awareness to the needs of the underprivileged population living in these favelas, while giving tourists access to a side of Rio that often lurks in the shadows. The tours are viewed as a spectacular alternative to mainstream Rio de Janeiro attractions, such as Sugarloaf Mountain and Christ the Redeemer. They offer a brief portrayal of Rio's hillside communities that are far more than the habitats often misrepresented by drug lords and criminals.[29] Every year, Favela Tour, one of the most popular touring companies in Rio, takes upwards of 4,500 tourists through the streets of Rocinha. Directed by trained guides, tourists are driven up to the favelas in vans, and then explore the community's hillside by foot. Guides walk their groups down main streets and point out local hot spots. Most tours stop by a community center or school, which are often funded in part by the tour's profits. Tourists are given the opportunity to interact with local members of the community, leaders, and area officials, adding to their impressions of favela life. Depending on the tour, some companies will allow pictures to be taken in predetermined areas, while others prohibit picture-taking completely.[29] The tour guides emphasised the following:[28]
- Explanations regarding the mechanisms of socio-geographic differentiation and spatial disparities within a favela (especially rent and property market, unemployment)
- Information regarding modern infrastructural equipment (such as wireless LAN, health services) and up-to-date shopping and services infrastructures (e.g. fashion stores, banks, cafés)
- Meetings with voluntary workers on social or cultural projects and/or visits to such projects
- Visit to or tours of schools, kindergartens or other institutions serving children and adolescents
- Impressions of private residences, communication with their inhabitants
- Visit to a restaurant or café
Through the expansion of favela tourism, foreigners are quick to understand that the international media misrepresent the reality of favela inhabitants. There are not simply crime-afflicted areas, but centres of the cultural fluidity of a distinct society. Favela residents take part in numerous samba schools, made famous by Rio's extravagant Carnaval celebrations.[29]
The Brazilian federal government views favela tourism with high regard. The administration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva initiated a program to further implement tourism into the structure of favela economies. The Rio Top Tour Project, inaugurated in August 2010, promotes tourism throughout the favelas of Rio de Janeiro. Beginning in Santa Marta, a favela of approximately 5,000 Cariocas, federal aid was administered in order to invigorate the tourism industry. The federal government has dedicated 230 thousand Reais (USD 145 thousand) to the project efforts in Santa Marta. English signs indicating the location of attractions are posted throughout the community, samba schools are open, and viewing stations have been constructed so tourists can take advantage of Rio de Janeiro's over-powering vista. Federal and state officials are carrying out marketing strategies and constructing information booths for visitors. Residents have also been trained to serve as tour guides, following the lead of pre-existing favela tour programs.[29]
In popular culture[edit]
- The 2002 film City of God (Portuguese: Cidade de Deus) takes place in the favela Cidade de Deus in Rio de Janeiro from the late 1960s to the early 1980s.
- Living in and escaping favela life is a theme of Antônia (2006).
- The 2007 movie, Elite Squad, (Portuguese: Tropa de Elite), is a semi-fictional account of the BOPE (Portuguese: Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais), the Special Police Operations Battalion of the Rio de Janeiro Military Police, with main action taking place in Rio's favelas.
- The 2008 movie The Incredible Hulk features footage shot in Rocinha.
- The 2010 movie, Elite Squad: The Enemy Within, (Portuguese: Tropa de Elite 2), is a sequel of the semi-fictional account of the BOPE (Portuguese: Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais), the Special Police Operations Battalion of the Rio de Janeiro Military Police, with main action taking place in Rio's favelas.
- The 2011 movie Fast Five features the characters living in Rio's favelas after escaping custody by American forces. Paradoxically, most of Fast Five was filmed in Puerto Rico, only a few scenes were filmed in Rio "Puerto Rico Represents Brazil for Fast Five". News. Ramascreen. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- The second level in the 2011 video game F.3.A.R. takes place in a favela as the main character must make his escape from pursuing enemy forces.
- In the 2011 movie Rio some of the scenes take place in the favela. It features the main characters (Blu and Jewel) being kidnapped for illegal wildlife trade and kept deep in one of the many houses in Rio's favelas.
- In the 2012 video game Max Payne 3 some of the levels take place in the favelas of São Paulo, with large portions of the game taking place in Brazil.
- The 2012 song "Let's Go" by Calvin Harris, featuring Ne-Yo. The beginning of the video shows a boy waking up in a favela in Rio.
- A favela is featured in the Call of Duty franchise as a mock battleground, in the game Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2. It appears in the missions "Takedown" and "The Hornet's Nest".
- A favela is featured as a hostage-rescue map in the game Counter-Strike
See also[edit]
- ^ Darcy Ribeiro, O Povo Brasileiro
- ^ Subnormal Agglomerates 2010 Census: 11.4 million Brazilians (6.0%) live in subnormal agglomerates - article at IBGE
- ^ Favela, article at Chambers Dictionary of World History
- ^ Article at Macalerster College
- ^ Favelas commemorate 100 years - accessed December 25, 2006
- ^ Pedro A. Pinto, Os Sertões de Euclides da Cunha: Vocabulário e Notas Lexiológicas, Rio: Francisco Al [1]
- ^ Aldeias do mal, MATTOS, Romulo Costa
- ^ a b Ney dos Santos Oliveira., "Favelas and Ghettos:race and Class in Rio de Janeiro and New York City"
- ^ a b Frisch, T. Glimpses of another world: The favela as a tourist attraction. February 2012.
- ^ Pino, Julio Cesar. Sources on the history of favelas in Brazil.
- ^ a b c Baena,V. Favelas in the spotlight: Transforming the slums of Rio de Janeiro. Harvard International Review. Spring 2011: 34-37.
- ^ See Ronald Daus´s bibliography on Suburbs (Free University of Berlin)
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
- ^ Ney dos Santos Oliveira., "Favelas and Ghettos: race and Class in Rio de Janeiro and New York City"
- ^ Pino, Julio Cesar. Sources on the History of the Favelas in Brazil.
- ^ Housing Policy, Urban Poverty, and the State:The Favelas of Rio de Janeiro 1972–1976
- ^ Emily Mitchell, Rachele Kanigel, Elizabeth Lea (12 February 2000). "Rodrigo Baggio". Time magazine. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ "Rodrigo Baggio Barreto". Fellow biography. Ashoka: Innovators for the Public. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
- ^ Bruno, Cassio; Onofre, Renato (2012-11-10). "Liberdade política é reforçada com implantação das UPPs". O Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2012-11-11.
- ^ "Brasil tem 16,27 milhões de pessoas em extrema pobreza, diz governo" (in Portuguese). G1. 05-03-2011. Retrieved 12-23-2011.
- ^ Perlman, Janice E,.2006.The Metamorphosis of Marginality: Four Generations in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.606 Annals 154:2
- ^ Oliveira, Ney dos Santos.1996.Favelas and Ghettos: Race and Class in Rio de Janeiro and New York City.Latin American Perspectives 23:82.
- ^ The Myth of Personal Security: Criminal Gangs, Dispute Resolution, and Identity in Rio de Janeiro's Favelas. By: Arias, Enrique Desmond; Rodrigues, Corinne Davis. Latin American Politics & Society, Winter2006, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p 53–81, 29p.
- ^ [5]
- ^ IBGE: 6% da população brasileira vivia em favelas em 2010 - Article at JCNET
- ^ a b Manfred, R. Poverty tourism: theoretical reflections and empirical findings regarding an extraordinary form of tourism. September 2009.
- ^ a b c d Anonymous. Favela tourism guides new hope. Washington Report on the Hemisphere. April 2011.


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The Cameron government will be out in force at the Farnborough International Airshow July 9-15 to demonstrate its support for British aerospace and defense industries.
Virtually all of Prime Minister David Cameron's key ministers from the Departments of Defence, Trade and Investment will attend as the U.K. government seeks to expand exports as domestic spending drops.
The Cameron government, however, cannot mask the fact that it has not put forth much of a defense strategy. Since taking office two years ago, the government has been clinging to its Tory laissez-faire roots, arguing there will be no "handouts" to prop up British contractors.
Government is in the business of fielding the best capability at the lowest cost no matter the origin of the goods, ministers have repeatedly intoned, adding that Britain will eschew major development programs in favor of off-the-shelf gear. British companies must stand on their own, increase exports or expire, they have said.
That's a nice Tory soundbite, but it doesn't stand up to closer scrutiny when it comes to defense, and has been subject to widespread and justified criticism: Defense isn't exactly a free market; rather, it is shaped by a government's security ambitions, needs, spending levels, and domestic and international politics.
Britain's defense industry, while still a world leader in innovation and technology, is doomed to play a steadily declining role if its own government concludes that whatever it spends won't be spent with a long-range view of preserving what capability it has left. British industry understandably worries about retaining its edge as its government keeps R&D spending flat while increasingly buying from abroad.
Industry has two vital concerns with this approach. First, the government will reap short-term savings but incur long-term costs in lost competitiveness and good-paying jobs. Second, U.K. firms will have trouble selling their wares globally when their home government won't buy their kit just to save a few pennies on the pound.
But it appears the government is starting to appreciate the importance of defense and aerospace to British manufacturing, says Robin Southwell, the EADS UK chief and president of Britain's defense and aerospace trade group, ADS.
It's not clear if MoD shares the same view given recent statements by its officials.
Meanwhile, declining spending across Europe is setting ideal conditions for a new era of cross-border collaboration, as leading defense nations struggle to field capabilities to match their security ambitions. (Last week, France said it would cut defense spending as Paris struggles to rein in debt and contribute to pan-European economic recovery efforts.)
A senior French defense official agreed, but also offered the caveat that European defense isn't about 27 countries; it depends on the commitment of a few. He didn't say it, but two of them are Britain and France, which remain committed to their bilateral defense treaty, as well as Italy and to a lesser extent, Germany.
If Britain is going to have a seat at that table, it must invest strategically in its defense and aerospace industries. not merely to preserve jobs, but to remain a technologically and industrially capable element of the nation's otherwise atrophied manufacturing sector, and to underpin London's ability to militarily punch above its weight.
If Cameron wants to show his government's commitment to those at Farnborough, he should use the show as an opportunity to unveil a growth plan for defense that mirrors the civil aerospace initiative adopted to bolster Britain's commercial aviation sector.

subset: commoncrawl


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By Tyler Murphy
Eye of The Hawk
Rare DWI jury trial highlights issues with drunk-driving laws
- Details
- Published on Friday, 25 January 2013 14:21
WESTERLO — A Westerlo woman, who was found guilty by a town-court jury of two misdemeanor driving-while-intoxicated charges, was sentenced this month to three years' probation, alcohol treatment, and ordered to pay $2,595 in fines, but a judge denied a request by prosecutors to send her to jail.
The rare jury trial — most drivers charged with misdemeanor DWI take plea deals rather than requesting a trial — highlighted some of the issues with New York's drunk driving laws.
Though Barbara Latham, 51, admitted on the stand during her Nov. 13 trial that she and her husband had some drinks at a restaurant before she was pulled over by State Police on her way home, she denied being intoxicated.
Latham was arrested the night of May 1 after police said they observed her driving slower than the posted limit, taking a noticeably wide turn, and then veering over a solid yellow dividing line.
Following a one-day trial before Westerlo Justice Robert Carl, a jury of six took about an hour and a half to reach a verdict of guilty on both counts.
The arresting officer, State Trooper Thomas Burns, testified that Latham had failed several field sobriety tests during the stop and then blew a .09 into an alcohol breath test at the police station, which measures the percentage of the substance in the blood. The legal limit for a DWI offense in New York State is .08 percent.
Though not relevant in Latham's case, other related DWI offenses can increase the level of a charge to that of a felony. Those instances include when a person's blood alcohol is .18 percent, more than double the legal limit; if there is a minor in the vehicle; if a person has a previous DWI conviction within the last 10 years; or if a defendant is operating a vehicle requiring a commercial license.
A person suspected of drunk driving can also be charged, if he is involved in an accident or causes injury, with such crimes as reckless endangerment and even manslaughter in fatal crashes. Convictions also weigh heavily in civil lawsuits, and insurance companies covering the cost of damages to victims may demand convicted drivers compensate the company for all the paid-out expenses.
As in many cases involving DWI offenses, Latham was charged with two crimes because of a technicality in the law that distinguishes one offense based on an officer's observation of a drunk-driving crime and another separate offense based on the results of a breath test, explained Assistant District Attorney Benjamin M. Mastaitis, who
prosecuted that case, for Albany County.
"If she hadn't taken the breath test, she couldn't have been charged with the separate section," said Mastaitis.
Breath testing
However, not submitting to an officer's request to take a breath test can result in the immediate suspension of an accused persons driver's license by the state's Department of Motor Vehicles, even if the driver is not convicted of the crime. Convictions in DWI cases typically result in the automatic suspension of the driver's license.
The DMV website states defendants are required by law to take a breath test and those who refuse will have their licenses revoked for at least a year, and will have to pay a $500 penalty.
Also, state law allows prosecutors to use a defendant's denial to take a breath test as evidence against him or her in court, often arguing only an intoxicated person would refuse a test to prove sobriety.
That leaves accused drivers with the prospect of either handing over evidence to be used against them (in the form of a refusal) and having their license suspended, or handing over evidence against them (in the form of a breath test) and being charged with another crime, explained Defense Attorney Kevin O'Brien Jr., Latham's lawyer from a firm specializing in DWI cases, Anelli Xavier, based in Syracuse.
He said it is a difficult choice for those drivers who have been drinking but believe they are not over the limit. He added that, no matter what they choose, it creates a challenging dynamic for defense attorneys arguing on their client's behalf in court. He admits though, if a defendant was to pass the test, the likelihood of being charged is low, but he questioned if the law should present the choice at all.
Mastaitis pointed out that the breath test is given, as in Latham's case, only after police had pulled a person over for an observed traffic violation and after the officer has noticed signs of alcoholic consumption. Examples police might notice include slurred speech, smell, or an admission by the driver of recently drinking.
During the traffic stop Burns testified in court that Latham told him she drank seven Michelob Ultra beers earlier that night.
Police are trained to recognize the physical and mental signs of intoxication and have suspected drivers go through a variety of "field sobriety tests" checking eye movement, balance and cognitive responses before deciding to administer a breath test, said Mastaitis.
"Really, this case was a very simple thing. There was a couple at a restaurant having a few beers and [they] drove home together. The trooper sitting alongside the road noticed they were driving too slowly for the area and followed along. The vehicle swerved over a double yellow line and he pulled them over and it eventually led to [Latham] going through the field-sobriety and breath tests," said Mastaitis. "In the tests, officers determined she was intoxicated and charged her."
Mastaitis noted this case was unusual because it was a misdemeanor DWI offense that went all the way to a trial and jury verdict.
"In the time I've been covering Westerlo Court — in three years, this is the first time I've drawn a jury for a misdemeanor DWI. It's very rare in my experience, in the courts I see, that these cases go to trial," said Mastaitis.
Before going to trial, prosecutors made a plea offer that would have required Latham to plead guilty to the charges but she would have avoided probation and jail.
Latham has been an employee of the Department of Motor Vehicles for 32 years and was arrested for driving while intoxicated three years earlier, said Mastaitis. In that case, he said, she accepted a plea from prosecutors for a lesser charge or driving while ability impaired by alcohol, a violation-level crime ranked lower than a misdemeanor.
An impairment charge means a person is guilty of driving a non-commercial vehicle with a blood-alcohol level between .05 and .07 percent.
The ADA said it wasn't uncommon for defendants to commit two previous offenses for driving while drinking before being charged with a felony. He said in some cases, where defendants are pulled over by police and their arrest doesn't involve any of the special circumstances, defendants could be allowed to plea down their first DWI offence to an impairment charge.
However, if a defendant is again charged with a DWI within the next 10 years, it's likely he or she would be offered no reduction in the offense. By ensuring defendants plea to a misdemeanor DWI charge, prosecutors are allowed to charge a felony if the defendant were arrested for DWI in 10 years from the misdemeanor conviction.
"The idea is for repeat offenders to face an escalation of consequences," said Mastaitis. "If you have prior convictions, generally speaking, getting a plea bargain is less."
"Certainly, I didn't feel she was entitled to an offer of impairment — I didn't feel she should have that opportunity again," said Mastaitis.
Fighting the charges
Noting the original plea offer was less of a punishment than her sentence after trial, O'Brien said defendants take a risk going before a jury.
"One of the reasons most cases get settle before they go to court is the reality that they will face more consequences by fighting for their innocence," said O'Brien.
"Ultimately, I feel Mrs. Latham was treated fairly by the [Westerlo] court, but I feel Mrs. Latham and a lot of people get punished for simply exercising their constitutional rights to get a fair trial," said O'Brien.
The defense attorney said, although the plea bargain offered no probation and no jail time, it was still forcing his client to accept guilt to the original for which she was charged.
"You're pleading to what you're charged with. In almost every other plea-bargain case outside of DWIs, you'd expect some kind of reduction in the offence in a plea bargain, but not for drinking-and-driving offenses," he said.
In court Jan. 8 O'Brien noted that Latham had a reasonably good legal record and had been a responsible employee of the state for more than 30 years.
"And, because she went to trial, this is a person who should be thrown in jail?" he asked the court the rhetorically.
The assistant district attorney however, said Latham's job at the DMV more her more responsible because she was "fully aware of the penalties and risks involved."
Prosecutors had asked Latham be sentenced to up to a year in jail, the maximum allowed for her crimes, though Mastaitis said he expected the court to moderate the sentence to a period from a few days to about a month.
Justice Carl declined the request.
Mataitis said part of the reason he asked for a stiffer sentence than the original plea offer was because of the effort required in arranging a jury trial and the fact the defendant refused to accept responsibility.
"Quite frankly, after all we had been though, and this is the second time she had done something like this, jail time was warranted," he said. "I think she was hoping that maybe, because she was near the legal limit of .08, — she was charged with a blood alcohol level of .09 — that the jury might sympathize and offer her an impairment conviction."
Zero tolerance justice?
District Attorney David Soares told reporters at a press conference in January that his office was sending an average of two people a week to prison, to serve sentences in excess of one year for crimes related to driving while intoxicated or driving while under the influence of drugs.
O'Brien criticized society's zero-tolerance approach to drunk-driving crimes, saying they had failed in the goal to deter related crimes and provide help for those suffering from an addiction.
"We aren't dealing with the real problem," said O'Brien, "The policy is failing in every aspect."
In court, O'Brien said Latham's incident was related to a larger family issue with alcohol and her husband.
After sentencing, Latham said, "I have someone holding me back," without referring to whom.
O'Brien suggested lawmakers should consult defense attorneys and defendants more often before passing drinking laws.
"You have victims' perspectives, law enforcement perspectives, prosecutors' perspectives, and politics in making these laws," said O'Brien, "But nowhere do you find defendants or defense attorneys involved in the conversations. We know the loopholes they're trying to work out more than anyone and we have a perspective I think closer to the real issues than anyone. So why aren't we being asked for our input?"


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This matching bikini to the In The Spotlight Nursing bra also has a microfibre front, with the heart mesh ruched at the back. To add just a hint of sparkle, the satin ribbon bows are finished with a small diamanté detail.
Matching bikini to go with the In the Spotlight Nursing bra


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Register for a Techworld Account and enjoy unlimited access to our extensive white paper library and exclusive Enterprise multi-user software trials. Account members can also comment on articles and access best practices guides.
Brocade's focus on fabrics undermines its own core business model, but that's ok, says Lloyd Carney
Not much is happening on the physical network any more
2013 is shaping up as a kick-off year for small cells, according to analyst
Location has become a new battleground for mobile vendors
A unique domain extension can help define your identity on the web
Three main wired and three wireless systems are being showcased at CES
How will programmable networks be transforming your business in the years to come?
By 2018, machines that will experience the world as humans do through hearing, sight, smell, touch and taste
Computing power is increasingly being distributed to all types of intelligent devices – 'things' - that not long ago would have been used in a completely 'dumb' state
Network vendors are increasingly finding their value-add is coming from highly specialised software
Talari Networks can amalgamate the capacity of MPLS and broadband links and share the capacity as necessary
Experts say attack against one part of Wi-Fi network security at Defcon will have zero impact on enterprise WLANS
Internet access in London needs to improve if it is to continue attracting high-tech businesses
Avoiding 'bill shock' in an international business environment
News analysis: Several questions remain regarding the true objectives of this consortium
Pitching Toshiba's Excite 10 SE tablet against HP's EliteBook Folio 9470m Ultrabook
Neither AWS nor Rackspace were able to meet Struq's requirements for low latency and fast provisioning of physical servers
Disrupting the status quo is a delicate matter, says Jay Hallberg
Server upgrade is crammed with new features and can enable greater networking possibilities
Dario Zamarian claims that Dell is in a unique position to deliver next-generation networking in the data centre
These days, Cisco network administrators are a nation divided
When latency and connectivity are key, Central London is the place to be
'Ex-Facebook chief warns of disappearing role of IT'? But what about IT leaders warning of the disappearing role of Facebook?
The need for organisations to deploy IPv6 is primarily driven by the fact that IPv4 and IPv6 do not natively interoperate
Policy makers do not understand the technical issues, says HDS's chief technology officer for EMEA
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Temperature drop may affect homeless census number
Every two years, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development requires a street count of the homeless population. This helps establish the reportable number of homeless across the country for future funding and program support.
HUD's definition of homeless is people residing in places not meant for human habitation, such as cars, parks, sidewalks, abandoned buildings, on the street.
The goal of this Point In Time count is "simply to observe and count those living in outdoor locations or facilities deemed uninhabitable," according to the Macomb Homeless Coalition that coordinates the project in Macomb County.
Teams of volunteers cover every city and township in the county, traveling by car and foot from 4:30 a.m. to 6:30 a.m. For 2013, the scheduled date was Jan. 23, which recorded one of the season's coldest overnight temperatures. Approximately 30 volunteers conducted the local count.
While he expects the number to go up when all reports are in, Charles O'Brien, Macomb Homeless Coalition director, said that as of Jan. 25, he estimated that morning's street count at 75, a decrease from previous years.
He blames the weather and said the temperature in his count territory was 3 degrees at 3:45 a.m. that day.
"Those usually on the street sought shelter when they normally would not," he said. "We have two stories of citizens opening up their homes for people due to the cold on a very temporary basis. The Warming Center had a larger crowd than usual due to the cold. We have evidence of street homeless pooling monies to rent inexpensive motel rooms for the night due to the cold."
These individuals, however, will be back on the street as temperatures rise, he added.
"We are heartened with the lower count, but know that the weather influenced it and that we need to continue reaching out to our unsheltered homeless citizens to offer them the resources they need."
For more information, contact Macomb Homeless Coaltion, 33222 Groesbeck, north of 14 Mile Road, Fraser, 586-285-0400.
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The Dittrick Medical History Center is comprised of the museum, archives, and collections of rare books, artifacts, and images. The Center originated as part of the Cleveland Medical Library Association (est. 1894) and today functions as an interdisciplinary study center within the College of Arts and Sciences of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.
Monday April 22, 2013 6:00 pm
Vittorio Marchis presents Autopsy of a Machine
Internationally renowned for his performative public history, Vittorio Marchis is coming to Cleveland to perform an autopsy of a 1940s electrocardiograph machine (ECG), and to discuss technologies for viewing the body, including X-Ray and ECG. Combining performance art with a deep understanding of historical objects, Marchis will look inside the historical machines... More information...


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½ hour from Washington, D.C.
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I am Kaili. I am 22. I don't blog many of my own creations, but I do like to show others things that inspire me. I often share things that I find beautiful, abstract and often times humorous. If I were an interesting person I might have more things to say in this here little box. I am sure there are many things that you can ask me that I can not possibly think to put here right now. So feel free to do so, because random encounters with strangers can be some of the most memorable events in our lives.
Catching Elephant is a theme by Andy Taylor


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Archives > Sports > Schools
Down to the wire: West Mesquite staves off Frisco Wakeland to advance
By DEVIN HASSON, firstname.lastname@example.com
While some area first-round matchups in the boys basketball playoffs might have lacked drama, West Mesquite's contest with Frisco Wakeland was not one of them.
Momentum swung from bench to bench several times through four quarters, but in the end, the Wranglers were able to prevail with a 68-66 victory in a Class 4A bi-district playoff game at Hebron High School.
West Mesquite (23-8) moves on to the area finals where it will face a surprise opponent in Hillcrest, who shocked Carter, the state's No. 2 ranked team, 51-47.
But the Wolverines turned the tables in the second, doubling up West Mesquite 22-11 to take a 35-32 lead into halftime.
The Wranglers stepped on the gas to start the second half, scoring 24 points in the third quarter, which resulted in them regaining the lead at 56-53.
Both defenses tightened down the stretch and the game remained close, but West Mesquite was able to hit enough free throws in the final minutes to hold on for the two-point win.
Braylon Rayson had a big night for the Wranglers with 28 points, while Jalen Etienne scored 19 and Nate Davis added 12.
Cameron Walker and Noah Westerfield each scored 14 points to pace Wakeland.
Follow Devin Hasson on Twitter: @DevinHasson
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On a late Indian summer day, Sunday afternoon in the park clothing consisted of a black and white houndstooth suit, blue end on end shirt, midnight blue satin necktie, fox suede semi-brogues, washed silk pocket paisley pocket square with a purple ground and a James Lock fedora.
A small houndstooth pattern appears solid from a short distance but resolves into pattern up close. By chance, the suit was the only tropical that hadn't been transferred to seasonal storage, a good thing as the temperature touched 80f (27c). One more week and the only choices would have been tweeds and flannels.
Monday, October 26, 2009
Sunday in the Park
11 comments:
- jcard21 said...
Those are "wild" socks!
- October 26, 2009 at 8:46:00 AM PDT
- j said...
Great color on those shoes. As for the whole ensemble, what a nice mix of subtlety and sock.
- October 26, 2009 at 9:30:00 AM PDT
- santy567 said...
lovely suit, fits perfectly. the hankerchief is not matching, but they say that's the way to be.
my biggest doubt may be the shoes, very sporty when the suit is very elegant.
i really don't know how to match socks with the rest of the clothing, so i won't opine there.
there's really a lot going on the picture is not simple. - October 26, 2009 at 12:05:00 PM PDT
- initials CG said...
Hmmm... you went with light shoes in fall... but it looks good. It looks very San Francisco, Will.
Is the hat a Lock & Co.? - October 26, 2009 at 1:04:00 PM PDT
- Will said...
Not so sure about looking very San Francisco CG. Based on the rest of the diners at lunch, that would have been denim and a shirt.
- October 26, 2009 at 1:10:00 PM PDT
- Richard said...
Great look for a civilised Sunday lunch, Will. I share santy567,'s and CG's slight reserve about the shoes; maybe a lighter tone of tie and headgear would have gone all the way towards lightness, or shoes of a darker brown would have been a tad more autumnal and harmonious, especially with that spiffing hat, but these are details only. Overall, splendid, it made my day!
- October 26, 2009 at 1:38:00 PM PDT
- Nungesser said...
Will, you certainly don't look like my vision of Aqualung.
I like the shoes for a Sunday in the park and would like a pair of those socks too. - October 26, 2009 at 3:52:00 PM PDT
- Horatio said...
Wonderful outfit, as always. As a daily hat wearer, I appreciate seeing pics with you wearing one, too, especially when the hat is as nice as that one.
Would it have been gilding the lily to have worn a red carnation boutonniere? - October 26, 2009 at 11:08:00 PM PDT
- FIXED BAYONET METAL SOLDIERS said...
looks like a "film noir" look . great look anyway.
I had a D.B made based on a Mitchum suit in one of his noir films.Its got only two buttons.I asked the tailor to make it exactly the same way. I also had a Tweed jacket done in light grey tweed with only one button.whats your opinion on this? - October 27, 2009 at 1:05:00 AM PDT
- Bennie said...
I am starting to wear different hats but the only complaint about them is that they always mess up your hair! I know that before I guess it worked because men put on so much grease in their hair. As for the look, it is very elegant. For those in NY who like colorful socks, I always directly go to Century 21 for a super selection of colored socks and at great prices!
- October 27, 2009 at 10:18:00 AM PDT
- roger said...
The shoes are great with the suit,
hat,etc. I question the tie. To me, it's a bit
dressy for the rest of the ensemble.
I would prefer something less iridescent,
perhaps with a small, quiet pattern. - October 27, 2009 at 1:06:00 PM PDT


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corey sent u a text and never heard back text me if these are still for sale.
corey sent u a text and never heard back text me if these are still for sale.
Vikings tickets are sold
---------- Post added October-10th-2012 at 05:39 PM ----------
[/COLOR]Text or email If interested...
Last edited by lyon514; October-11th-2012 at 10:16 PM.
Vikings tickets are sold
Last edited by lyon514; October-11th-2012 at 10:17 PM.
Bump for Panthers game
- looking to sell Panthers total package ... would like to get 4 or more tickets in exchange plus cash. we're trying to put together a large group for the game. if you're selling lower level or party deck tickets let me know.
Last edited by lyon514; October-17th-2012 at 08:04 PM.
bump for Panthers game ... see previous post about interest in ticket swap.
bump again .. looking to get $900 for the Panthers game (4 tickets, 3 buffet wristbands, 3 programs).
bump...Panthers and Giants sold ... looking to sell rest of games. let me know if you're interested. would prefer to do all in one deal but will sell each game individually. Thanks!
all cowboys tickets are sold. still looking to sell Eagles and Ravens tickets. asking price is $400/ticket. Buy all 4 to either game and Ill throw in Purple Parking.
should have bought my tickets! it was a great game!!
Last edited by lyon514; November-18th-2012 at 08:56 PM.
tickets went unsold and I'm glad I made it to the game!
Last edited by lyon514; November-18th-2012 at 08:57 PM.
Ravens/Skins tickets are available.
Last edited by lyon514; November-18th-2012 at 08:55 PM.
last game of the season that I'm looking to sell ... Redskins vs. Ravens ... asking $1,400/obo ... that gets you 4 suite tickets, 3 buffet wristbands, 3 programs and 1 purple parking pass. Please email email@example.com or text 410-271-6587 if you're interested (when will ES get a mobile app?).
Thanks and HTTR!
Last edited by lyon514; November-28th-2012 at 07:45 PM.
Bumping bump
Bump for ravens tickets
Posted 3 purple parking passes for giants game on eBay. Let me know if you're interested and we can settle outside of eBay.
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NEWARK, N.J. (AP) — Ilya Kovalchuk capped New Jersey's three-goal first period with his NHL-leading fourth short-handed goal, and the Devils beat the mistake-prone Philadelphia Flyers 5-2 on Wednesday night.
Patrik Elias and Adam Henrique, who scored twice, also tallied in the opening period as the Devils beat the Flyers for the third time in three games this season. Andrei Loktionov had the prettiest goal for New Jersey, with a toe-drag move that left Flyers goalie Ilya Bryzgalov at his mercy.
Johan Hedberg had 23 saves for New Jersey, which has won two straight and three of four after a six-game losing streak.
Jakub Voracek and Scott Hartnell scored for the Flyers, who have lost four of five.
MONTREAL (AP) — Alex Galchenyuk and Lars Eller scored shootout goals, and Montreal won its fourth straight by beating Ottawa.
Eller also scored in the first period and Brendan Gallagher and P.K. Subban added power-play goals in the second for Montreal (18-5-4), which played loosely in its first home game after a five-game trip. Carey Price made 29 saves.
Mika Zibanejad and Daniel Alfredsson had power-play goals for Ottawa (13-8-6), and Patrick Wiercioch also scored for the Senators, who are 1-2-4 in their last seven.
Ottawa goalie Robin Lehner was sharp in the third period when Montreal had three power plays and stretched its shots advantage to 45-32.
Wiercioch, a rookie defenseman, scored his third goal in five games to tie it 3-3. Wiercioch had no goals in his first 26 NHL games. Continued...
Both teams earned two wins in the four-game season series.
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A sometimes-irreverent look at Detroit's Boys of Summer, the Tigers, as they try to win their first American League Central title.
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What is FirstBuy?
FirstBuy - Designed to aid First Time Buyers in times when mortgages are at their hardest to secure. The newest government First Time Buyer scheme provides assistance with the initial deposit and makes getting onto the property ladder more affordable.
It's an affordable equity loan product funded between the HCA (Homes and Communities agency) in partnership with New Homes builders across the UK. Created to assist FTB's, (First time buyers) by funding their initial deposit on a wide variety of homes.
FirstBuy overview:
- 20% equity loan funded through government and new house builders.
- You require a reduced 5% deposit.
- 75% mortgage arranged by you.
Are you eligible for FirstBuy?
- You have a household income of less than £60,000.
- You are a FTB, unable to afford a suitable home in your local area.
- You can demonstrate the ability to fund a 5% deposit and cover associated legal and moving costs.
- You are not named on any other mortgage.
- You have a good credit history and can arrange a first mortgage with an appropriate lender.
Over 10,000 first-time buyers are expected to be helped by £250m in equity loans, this loan will be interest-free for the first five years, with interest charged at 1.75% in the sixth year, and at RPI inflation plus 1% after that.
The Governments FirstBuy scheme is available only from certain participating house builders. You can see the full list of qualifying properties available via Zoopla here.


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Rich Rockwood
Continue Reading
A minister of twenty years in the Reformed Church in America, Rev. Rich Rockwood found himself suddenly faced with the loss of his spouse two days after their seventeenth wedding anniversary. Grief suddenly became more than a serious topic in a seminary textbook; Rich experienced it firsthand. But, he had to continue ministering to others who were hurting in the same way. He also soon realized that most people eventually tire of hearing about someone else's personal loss. As a result, he joined a grief support group and in that protected sphere, he learned that it was OK to share thoughts that might seem unusual to those who have not experienced the loss of a loved one. Writing Memory Theft was part of his journey of healing. Born in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Rev. Rockwood holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Grand Valley State University in Allendale, Michigan and a Master of Divinity degree from Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan. He received the Peacemaker Award from a mediation group in Kingston, NY and has contributed a series based on the Book of Job to the Words of Hope Daily Devotional. Rev. Rockwood retired from full time ministry in 2007 and now lives in Grand Rapids, Michigan where he volunteers at a local food pantry and enjoys singing in a choir. He preaches occasionally and continues to develop his writing, which he finds gives him greater clarity of thought. In 2010 he married Cindy who also suffered the tragic loss of a family member. He hopes to continue writing in a variety of different literary genres in the future.


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Product Information
Equally at home in your fan cave or living room, this NFL® Fan Cave wood sign from WinCraft® is the perfect way to support your team. It's decorated with quality graphics to resemble an antique finish, and the matte laminate top offers long-lasting durability.
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- Matte-finish laminate top for durability
- Precision-cut smooth edge
- Dimensions: H 17" x W 11" x D 0.25"
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- Officially licensed


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Head Start, Early Head Start applications accepted in Strafford County
Thursday, August 16, 2012
STRAFFORD COUNTY — Head Start and Early Head Start are national programs that provide education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to children from eligible families in Strafford County. |


text: Mounds and mounds of snow are expected to blanket our area, providing some photo opportunities for our readers. Will you share yours? Send us your snowstorm photos to Local Loop. We may use some of the pictures in The Repository and on CantonRep.com. Make sure you include your name and location.


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Lebanon church waffle/pancake breakfast to benefit African mission team
Monday, September 10, 2012
LEBANON Maine — The Lebanon North Berwick Baptist Church on Little River Road in Lebanon, two miles from Route 202, will be serving a free breakfast on Saturday, Sept. 15 and Saturday, Sept. 29 from 7 am to 10 am. |


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Published November 1, 2002.
While developing a sugar cookie recipe for chewy cookies with big vanilla flavor, we determined a few things: Using just one whole egg gave us the chew we wanted, a healthy dose of vanilla delivered good flavor, and light brown sugar added a hint of nuttiness to our sugar cookies recipe. To form the substantial cookies and give them their characteristic sugary crunch, we rolled them into 1 1/2 inch balls with wet hands, tossed in sugar (the dampness helped the sugar stick), and then flattened them slightly with the bottom of a drinking glass.
The cookies are softer and more tender when made with unbleached flour that has a protein content of about 10.5 percent. Pillsbury or Gold Medal works best; King Arthur flour has a higher protein content (around 11.7 percent) and will result in slightly drier, cakier cookies. Do not discard the butter wrappers; they have just enough residual butter on them for buttering the bottom of the drinking glass used to flatten the dough balls. To make sure the cookies are flat, choose a glass with a smooth, flat bottom. Rolled into balls, the dough will keep in the freezer for up to 1 week. The baked cookies will keep in an airtight container for up to 5 days.
Dear Friend,
These days, it's pretty easy to get free recipes on the Internet. I'm sure a search for "roast chicken recipe" will turn up thousands and thousands. But, as with so much on the web, you should tread lightly if you don't know the source.
In America's Test Kitchen, our motto is, "Recipes that Work," and our mission is to be your trusted source for recipes that work every time you use them. Our test cooks spend their days obsessively testing recipes until they offer consistently great results. As we like to say here, "We make the mistakes so you don't have to."
CooksIllustrated.com is the only place you can find not only 20 years' worth of our foolproof recipes, but also objective ratings of cookware, and blind taste tests for hundreds of everyday supermarket ingredients (hey, without the proper ingredients and equipment you can still run into problems — no matter how good the recipe).
Let me make a simple, no-nonsense offer. Try out our website FREE for a 14-Day, No-Hassle Trial Offer. I'm pretty confident that CooksIllustrated.com will quickly become an invaluable resource for everything from quick, weeknight suppers to huge, holiday feasts for family and friends.
Thanks for your consideration,
Christopher Kimball
Founder and Publisher


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Michael Cook likes bad puns, bushwalking and black coffee. He did a BA at Harvard University in the US where it was good for networking, but moved to Sydney where it wasn't. He also did a PhD on an obscure corner of Australian literature. He has worked as a book editor and magazine editor and has published articles in magazines and newspapers in the US, the UK and Australia. Currently he is the editor of BioEdge, a newsletter about bioethics, and MercatorNet. He also writes a bioethics column for Australasian Science.
Al-Jazeera examines Australia's tussle with euthanasia
Jolie's Choice
DSM-5 to be launched next week
Are bioethicists a "priestly caste"?
Is surgical castration is an ethical option for sex offenders?
Guantanamo Bay hunger strikers are being force-fed
Georgia searches for solutions to gendercide
Belgian Nobel laureate dies through euthanasia
Bad news for fans of organ markets
Cracked Open, a journalist's memoir of IVF
A blaze of controversy revisited
An attack on academic freedom?
"After-birth abortion" already exists in the Netherlands
Five convictions for Kosovo organ trafficking
14-year-old girl forced to become pregnant with donor sperm
Did Tamerlan Tsarnaev turn to terror because he was punch drunk?
Foetal reduction still needed in IVF
Wannabee amputees going to Asia for secret surgery
Should prisoners donate organs?
Australian think tank backs euthanasia
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- Home
UK-AIR: Air Information Resource
Pollution forecast for today | Latest measurements | |
Today: Air pollution is expected to be Low to Moderate across the UK on Monday as Scandiavian sourced air mass's will recirculate across the country. The unsettled weather ...read full forecast |
Number of UK AURN monitoring sites in each band:
Low: 126
Moderate: 1
High: 0 Very High: 0 No Data: 1 Latest data: 20/05/2013 06:00 |
Latest UK-AIR news | Quick Links | |
Welcome to UK-AIR
These are the UK-AIR (Air Information Resource) webpages providing in-depth information on air quality and air pollution in the UK. A range of information is available, from the latest pollution levels, pollution forecast information, a data archive, and details of the various monitoring networks.
Use the tabs at the top of the page to explore the content on these pages further.
In addition to these webpages, you can also phone the free air pollution recorded information helpline on 0800 55 66 77 - the number also appears at the bottom of all these pages.
These pages are produced and maintained by Ricardo-AEA.


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But when I play the DOOM II and some other game , it really slow and unplayable.
I am a Developer myself and I found some descrption about this problem on Exophase's(the Gpsp Author) blog long time ago.
These are what he said:
Anyway, even if only a few bytes are changed, with the way things work now it'll cause everything that has been compiled to be flushed. So I came up with a solution to help change this. Now I have two buffers for RAM code, a "static" one and a "dynamic" one. There are counters for code regions associated with self modifying code writes. When something has been written to enough times the region changes from static to dynamic. Now when code in that region is recompiled it will go to the dynamic buffer instead of the static one. The consequence of this is that when this code is modified in the future only the dynamic buffer needs to be flushed. If the amount of code being rewritten is relatively small then this dynamic region will be minimized.
It seems that he had a solution for this kind of problem.
The question is:
Is there any released version of Gpsp or any console port has solved this problem?
sorry for my poor english, thank you .
Edited by maddrone, 23 March 2012 - 03:25 AM.


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GALLIPOLIS — The remains of a second possible meth lab discovered in the City of Gallipolis in less than a month were neutralized by meth lab technicians on Wednesday at a local motel.
According to the Gallipolis Police Department, the remains of a meth lab were discovered inside room 124 at the Regency Inn, located at 151 Upper River Road, on the morning of December 19.
Reportedly, motel employees who had entered room 124 in an attempt to clean the room found that it had been damaged by a small fire.
The employees contacted the police department, and the responding officer found plastic pop bottles and three clear plastic cups with a blue liquid in them located inside the room.
The officer secured Room 124, as well as the rooms on each side of the contaminated room, and contacted a meth lab cleanup crew.
Meth lab technicians from the Middleport Police Department responded to the scene to decontaminate the room, and the Gallipolis Fire Department was also called to the scene as a precaution.
According to an official with the police department, investigators have a "person of interest" wanted for questioning in this case. That person's name has not been released and this case remains under investigation.
A first meth lab was discovered inside the municipality on November 28 after officers arrived at a Neil Avenue residence attempting to serve an arrest warrant.
After entering the household, the officers discovered an active meth lab inside the home.
Arrested at the scene were Trentin Caldwell, 21, and Ravyn Barr, 26, both of Gallipolis. Both subjects have been charged with the illegal assembly or possession of chemicals for the manufacture of drugs.


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International Dealers
AddressHandicappedPets.Com Toll Free US & Canada West Coast Phone Outside the US Fax (603) 589-7107 Hours: In The News
Meet the latest internet sensation - Chris P. Bacon. He is the world's first and only piglet to use a wheelchair. HandicappedPets.com...
After only a few short weeks of rehabilitative therapy that included the use of a Walkin' Wheels dog wheelchair, Bambi the deer is already standing... |
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Shirley Oliver
FAIRMONT — Shirley Jeanette Rogers Oliver, 77, of 9385 N.C. 41 South, passed away Jan. 13, 2013, at her home.
The funeral will be 2 p.m. Wednesday at Floyd Funeral Services Chapel in Fairmont, the Rev. Joe Bounds officiating. Burial will follow in Fairmont Cemetery.
Oliver was preceded in death by her parents, William "Bill" Rogers and Maybelle Williamson Rogers; two sons, Artie Mertes and Clay Oliver; and two brothers, Dallas "Pee Wee" Rogers and Roy Rogers.
She is survived by her husband, John Oliver of the home; a daughter, Marti Barr and husband George of Locust Grove, Ga.; two brothers, Robert Rogers and wife Paulette and Tommy Gene Rogers and wife Susie, all of Evergreen; two sisters, Frances Gause and friend Jimmy Smith of Lumberton and Doris Taylor and husband Ted, also of Lumberton; a grandchild, Corey Chance and wife Hannah; and a sister-in-law, Ann Rogers.
The visitation will be from 7 to 9 p.m. today at Floyd Funeral Services in Fairmont.
Paid obituary


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You may now visit the road show which over upcoming months will bring all of La Energía de la Roja to different cities. Come by to discover the fun activities we have prepared for you, through which you may.
The exhibition offered visitors a number of fun activities focused on football and on the Spanish National Football Team, of which IBERDROLA is an Official Promoter. Both young and not-so-young visitors were able to:
In addition, all the visitors could access www.laenergiadelaroja.com(*) through several computers to find out about the National Team and the activities and promotions we have set in motion.


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The Registrar's Office assists, directs, and provides accurate information related to records and registration and other areas of student course enrollment.
Enrollment Verification Students needing proof of enrollment status should log into VIP and follow these steps:
Records Office Forms
Veterans BenefitsStudents who want to apply for V.A. benefits should come to the Veterans Affairs Office located in the Health Education Complex, Suite 2081.
Continuing V.A. students must come by the Veterans Affairs office each semester to be certified for V.A. benefits.
Catalog & ScheduleAcademic CatalogAcademic ScheduleAcademic Calendar Building Abbreviations
Additional InformationRegistrationCitizenship VerificationTranscriptsFinal Exam Schedule (Summer) Final Exam Schedule (Fall) GraduationGraduation DeadlinesGrade Forgiveness Policy GPA CalculatorVIP InformationRegistrar's Office Staff
Contact UsOffice of the Registrar800 University WayHealth Education ComplexSuite 2081Spartanburg, SC 29303Toll-free: 800-277-8727Phone: 864-503-5220Fax: 864-503-5074E-mail UsFaculty/Staff Directory


text: Sexy panties come in all types of fun colors don't they? It's that secret peek when she spreads her legs too wide, that silky thin veil that barely covers up her juicy pussy. It's the sweet fabric of mystery that's soft to the touch and enticing to the senses. Whether you prefer classic white cotton panties or eye-catching hot pink thongs or insanely sexy boy shorts that snugly hug a nice ass, oh fuck it, enjoy!


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In my most recent post, I blathered on and on about how sorry I have been feeling for Microsoft in its ongoing litigation with i4i. It has seemed as though poor Microsoft was losing at every turn to the small Canadian software company that had the temerity to accuse it of patent infringement. i4i got a judgment for $240 million against Microsoft. Microsoft, unsurprisingly, felt upset about that. However, Microsoft – despite many court applications – has been unsuccessful at getting that judgment set aside or at proving the invalidity of i4i's patent.
In late August, Microsoft applied to the United States Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari, which is Latin for "please, please, please take a look at everything and tell us we're right and they're wrong."
I never thought this would happen, but I'm starting to feel a bit sorry for Microsoft. The Redmond, Washington based company, which you may have heard of, has been in court umpteen times in an ongoing battle with a small Canadian software developer called Infrastructures for Information (i4i).


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- Home
- Men's Clothing
- Gloves
- Men's Cold-Weather Cycling Gloves
- Gore Bike Wear Tool SO Glove
Gore Bike Wear Tool SO Glove
Gore's warmest four-fingered offering, the Tool Gloves rely on Windstopper Soft Shell to form the outermost layer of protection for your hands on really cold rides. You'll have the benefit of total windproofness and honestly, a good degree of water resistance as well. Splashing through puddles or intermittent drizzle will be no problem.
The Tool Gloves have a fleece lining that augments the windproof Soft Shell to create a microclimate around your digits, shielded from the icy blasts of winter. This thin layer of air captured inside the fleece gets warmed by the heat in your hands and acts as a barrier against heat exchange.
Silicon coated fingers act to maximize your dexterity since this is a winter glove after all. The palms have padding to cushion you from the handlebars, and the web between the thumb and forefinger has been reinforced to add durability. One detail that is often overlooked, but not here on the Tool Gloves is where to put the closure tab. Gore placed it so that it closes under the wrist. This is a benefit you'll appreciate when your nose starts running and there'll be nothing scratchy to maim your face as you use the gloves to wipe away the snotcicles.
The Gore Tool Gloves are available in Black/black and Red/black and come in six sizes from Small to XXX-Large.
Bottom Line:
When your hands get cold on the bike, its Tool time.
Got a shot? Share it.


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Antique butcher's block with a history. Was in the kitchen of the Phillips Exeter Academy, a private boarding school in Exeter, NH, until I purchased it in the 60's. Very old. In very good condition. Moving to west coast and must sell. Asking 950. More info Email a friend |
A collection of early Dutch or English onion bottles. All are slightly different shapes and shades of dark green. $115 per, negotiable for entire collection. [Interested in other antiques? I have antique Colt, Regency period painted portrait, Victorian ... More info Email a friend |


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Science takes Center Stage
Imagination and curiosity were on display Thursday at Gothenburg Public School's annual seventh and eighth grade science fair.
A total of 142 students developed science projects where they formed a hypothesis and then set about testing.
Coordinator Cathy Larson said three areas of competition were judged—group, life science and physical science. The top three places received medals.
Latest Headlines
- Consultant retained for Lake Helen City engineer finalizing design
- Surveys reveal BBQ challenge successful
- Tears, laughter, dancing highlight GHS graduation
- 'Circle of Friends' said to be successful
- Tiani Reeves leads a group of five Swede state qualifiers
- Swedes place 8th at Cozad Invitational
- Golfers improve on West Wind course
- Legion baseball season begins May 23


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Check-in / Checkout: Checkin vanaf 15h, Checkout voor 11h
Niet toegestaan: Feesten, Huisdieren, Groepen onder de 25 jaar
It is one of the best and most quoted areas in San Sebastian, in this area lies the magnificent beach of Ondarreta, for some, the beast beach in town. Ondarreta beach area is known for being very animated and lively and is often considered an icon in which referes to autochthonous gastronomy. Only a few minutes away from this area is the center of the city´s old part, the aquarium, the museum of San Telmo and right by the funicular of mount Igeldo and the "Peine de los Vientos" with deceased Eduardo Chillida´s magnificent sculptures.
Here in the old part begins a tour of the most beautiful corners of the city enjoying the famous sculptures of deceased artist Eduardo Chillida. The waves guide us until we reach the beach of Ondarreta, walking through its gardens we arrive to the palace of Miramar where Queen Maria Cristina had her summer residence. The exit of this palace takes us to the beach of "La Concha", taking a nice walk we pass by the aquarium, the old part and if we continue the walk we finally surround mount Urgull. It is an ideal place to verify the fury of the sea, continuing the circuit we get to Zurriola beach, very frequented by surfers. The end of the day can be passed in the bars of the area which are always very animated.
This is a romantic area by the sea in which you can confortably do your shopping have access to its gastronomy and enjoy its beaches and people.
central location, nice building, restaurants and supermarket close by
Prijs gebasseerd op reserveringen voor 4 personen in het laag seizoen.


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$10 off $30 on Home, Health & Beauty, Sporting Goods, Bags, Entertainment, Apparel, Jewelry, Toys and Pet Supplies when you use V.me at checkout. Ends 5/31/2013.
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(Save 50%)
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This is a new sixaxis dual shock wireless controller for PS3, it is a third party product, not made by Sony. Lithium Ion rechargeable battery pack built-in. DUALSHOCK wireless controller utilizes Bluetooth technology for wireless game play. Can be charged at any time through the PLAYSTATION system using the mini USB cable (cable NOT included). It can even detect natural movements for real-time and high precision interactive play, acting as a natural extension of the user's body. Play & Charge Technology: Recharge battery pack when connecting via USB. Perfect for racing, sports and action games. |
Related Products


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breaking news
Your Health Archive
Shannon Jones, clinic director Washington Regional Wound Care
Shannon Jones, A.P.N., N.P.-C., C.W.S. clinic director Washington Regional Wound Care
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Your Health: Wound Care with Washington Regional
Today's Your Health with Washington Regional's the topic is Wound Care
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Ronald J. Bertram, MD
Dr. Bertram is a family practice physician at the Washington Regional Diagnostic Clinic in Bentonville, AR.
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Your Health: Huntington's Disease
People with Huntington's disease have several treatment options.
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Your Health - Skin Cancer App
It's another edition of Washington Regional's "Your Health", and since May 1 marks the beginning of "Skin Cancer Awarenes Week", Dr. Chris Schach, a
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Page 1 of 25
Scabies Scare
Just home from the office and on call. Once again, I keep on learning and laughing with my patients. I saw a mom, dad and...
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Spit-Cleaning Your Infant's Binky
Have you ever sucked on your baby's pacifier to clean it? Many parents have. Babies drop their binkies all the time and if you're in...
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Life Changing Words
What are the words that a child first speaks that changes everything?? Can you guess? The first word that a child learns that is...
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PBDE Tied to Hyperactivity, Lower IQ
If you have a couch, easy chair, foam pillow (including those used for breastfeeding), mattress, mattress pad, futon, car seat, carpet padding or any other...
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Mealtime is Important
How many times have you cooked dinner only to have your child tell you, I don't like that! It is a common theme in many...
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Louisville Slugger Softball Bat Recall
Just as softball season is swinging into high gear, the world's most famous baseball bat maker is issuing a recall. The Louisville Slugger OneX Fastpitch...
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Back to more funny office stories - they really keep my job interesting and always a little bit of fun. Many of my new young...
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Is it Appendicitis?
Last night, a patient called me and wondered if their daughter had appendicitis. I always thought it would be the easiest diagnosis, and that we...
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Talking To Your Child About Smoking
Its really amazing how far this country has come in its recognition that smoking is bad for you. During the 1950s almost half of American...
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Check Your Child's Vaccine Record
While I am on the subject of vaccines it is important to remember that it is not only infants and young children who receive vaccines. ...
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Page 2 of 42
Doctor Bios
Dr. Kristin Markell Obstetrics and Gynecology
Kristin Markell, M.D., practices at Washington Regional's Her Health women's clinic.
Read More» -
Dr. Candy Birch Obstetrics and Gynecology
Candy Birch, M.D., practices at Washington Regional's Her Health women's clinic.
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Meet Dr. Mary Pat Hardman
Mary Pat Hardman, M.D., practices at Washington Regional's award-winning Her Health women's clinic.
Read More» -
Tom Guhr, EP Cardiac Rehab
Tom has been with Washington Regional for four years working in the cardiac rehabilitation department of Walker Heart Institute.
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Dr. Stanley C. Bradley
Stan Bradley, M.D., is medical director at Washington Regional Hospice
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Page 5 of 11


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Create a Fundraising Page
Perfect for a bake sale, selling arts and crafts or asking for donations instead of birthday gifts.
Join a Fundraiser
Find a fundraiser in your area to get involved in your community and help support the National Breast Cancer Foundation.
Have questions about fundraising for the National Breast Cancer Foundation? Find answers and tips on fundraising.
Already Have a Fundraising Account?
Featured Fundraiser
Mush for a Cure Brings A Unique Twist to Fundraising
It's not very often you see a dog-sledding fundraiser for breast cancer. Much less one that has dogs in pink tu-tu's! But that's just the way the Mush for the Cure fundraiser does things. Mush for the Cure has been fundraising for the National Breast Cancer Foundation every year since 2007. From humble beginnings with a mere four participants, the race has grown to host over 50 participants, raising tens of thousands of dollars to further the NBCF mission of providing early detection services for women in need.


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the classic american car:
vintage automotive americana captured in the fine art photography of robert strovers. limited edition prints on stretched canvas, signed by the artist.
ready to hang, hardware included
dimensions: 1 1/2″d x 12″w x 12″h
custom options: also available on industrial aluminum plate or fine art paper in custom sizes by special order. please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for custom pricing.


text:
- Total number of rooms - 11
- Number of floors - 2
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Free Wi-Fi
- Free parking
- Luggage storage
- Smoke-free property
Expedia.co.uk is available 24 hours on 0203 027 8675 or from outside the UK on +44 203 027 8675. Calls are charged at your local rate. However costs may vary depending on your service provider and from mobile phones.
×If you find the same hotel for a cheaper price elsewhere online, we'll refund you the difference or let you cancel your booking free of charge. Terms & Conditions apply (does not apply to Non-refundable Rate Plans).
×Frithwood House is within walking distance of RN, RAF & NATO Base - HMS Warrior Northwood Headquarters and the Northwood underground station with easy access to the centre of London.
This Edwardian guesthouse is located in quiet residential surroundings and the style is very relaxed and informal.
All rooms well equipped and comfortable. Guests are also welcome to relax in the hotel's gardens.
The preferred airport for Frithwood House is London (LHR-Heathrow) - 16.2 km / 10.1 mi.
Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property's location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometre.