text:
U of M Researchers Designing New Drugs to Fight Leukemia
Doctors at the University of Minnesota have found a new way to battle leukemia. Thanks to a new research grant, they're designing drugs that actually bring the immune system into close contact with the disease in order to better kill the cancer cells.
Among the many who might benefit: Dylan Mead, a 21-year-old from St. Francis "I've had six rounds of chemo, either a three or five day stay. And then I've had radiation, and I just got done with my bone marrow transplant," he explained.
Dylan has had enough.
"I'd be nice to get rid of all the chemo side effects. That's probably the worst thing about this journey," he said.
If doctors Dan Vallera and Michael Verneris have their way, Dylan's cancer treatment torture will soon be a thing of the past.
According to Dr. Verneris, "We're going to create these molecules to not only kill the cancer but then also to train the immune system to recognize that cancer and eradicate it."
Dr. Vallera added, "It's cuttting edge and it's something that is going to be a good alternative to chemotherapy."
It's also expensive. But thanks to the St. Baldrick's foundation, a volunteer-driven charity committed to funding promising cancer research, the doctors now have $100,000 to move forward.
"Funding is at an all time low at the moment," Verneris said. "And so it's incredibly competitive to get these proposals funded."
This year, Minnesota has hosted seven St. Baldrick's fundraising events, raising more than $105,000. The next fundraiser is scheduled for Sunday, October 14th at Kieran's Irish Pub in downtown Minneapolis, from 2-7 p.m. Participants are taking pledges and shaving their heads, to stand in solidarity with cancer patients. More information an be found at http://stbaldricks.org.
Deb Wynia, a St. Baldrick's volunteer, is hoping the new research will help her 9-year-old nephew, Justin Miller. "Anything that's going to help him target those cells and help him kill off those cells would be helpful," she said.
Deb and her husband Chad say Justin might not be alive without the money St. Baldrick's has raised for this kind of research.
Chad explained, "I mean he's been on his death bed—I hate to say it--more times than we can count."
Dr. Vallera said, "We've shown that it works in vitro, we're working on animal data right now."
The doctors hope that within three yearss the laboratory research will be advanced enough to take to a clinic with real patients.
For folks like Dylan Mead, it can't come fast enough.
"The whole world kinda drops on you," he said.
Mark Saxenmeyer can be reached at email@example.com


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IRS and AP Scandals Cast a Big Chill on Free Speech
Chilling effect. That's the term lawyers and judges use to describe the result of government actions that deter people from exercising their right of free speech.
There have been plenty of examples in the past 10 days.
The Obama administration's...

subset: commoncrawl


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Biodiversity and Conservation source ref: biobook.html |
Przewalski Horse: photograph courtesy of the
Foundation for the Preservation and Protection of the Przewalski Horse
GENETIC PROBLEMS WITH SMALL POPULATIONS Loss of genetic variability Inbreeding Hybridization Selective breeding CAPTIVE BREEDING EMBRYO STORAGE AND TRANSFER FOSTERING REINTRODUCTION |
When wild populations reach extremely low levels and are in imminent danger of extinction, the only way to save them is to bring them into captivity, build up their numbers, and try to re-establish the wild population. This is being tried with many endangered species, but it involves many challenges, both biological and political.
Several problems arise when a species reaches a very small population size:
Loss of Genetic Variability. When a population gets below about 500 breeding individuals, the amount of genetic variation is reduced, and this can eventually diminish the species' capacity to adapt to environmental changes. An example is the cheetah, a member of the cat family. There are 37 species in the cat family, and all except the domestic cat are considered threatened or endangered.
Cheetahs are genetically extremely uniform. This has been shown in two ways: first, protein patterns as seen by gel electrophoresis (slide). None of 52 genes tested showed variation in the cheetah whereas between 8% and 31% of the same group of genes showed variation in other mammals including other cats. Second, skin grafts between cheetahs are not rejected, indicating that they are genetically identical as far as histocompatibility genes are concerned; these are the most variable genes in other mammals. Cat House
Inbreeding. Populations that fall below about 50 breeding individuals are forced to breed with close relatives - a pattern of breeding called inbreeding which can lead to depression of fitness called inbreeding depression - this includes problems such as decreased fertility, high juvenile mortality and birth defects, already well known from human populations. Captive populations of endangered species such as the California condor, which was down to less than 30 individuals, have to be managed very carefully in order to minimize inbreeding effects. The chart shows how, with most species, the offspring of related parents ("inbred") show higher juvenile mortality than offspring of unrelated parents ("noninbred").
In the cheetah, there is high juvenile mortality in both sets of offspring; this is presumably because even unrelated parents are genetically very similar, just like related parents. Cheetahs show other reproductive problems including very low sperm counts and high incidence of abnormal sperm; these are also thought to be due to genetic uniformity.
The number of cheetahs in the wild is not known precisely; it is estimated at between 1,500 and 25,000. This is not a small enough population in itself to show loss of variability and inbreeding effects. Rather, it is thought that the cheetah population went through a very small bottleneck in the recent past, leaving the present population exceptionally uniform.
Inbreeding also leads to the expression of specific genetic defects, that are masked by dominant normal alleles in outbred populations. For example, inbreeding has apparently caused a high incidence of a genetic defect of the diaphragm in the endangered Golden lion tamarin, and kinky tail in the Florida panther.
Inbreeding was probably one of the factors responsible for the extinction of the heath hen. This bird was once widespread in the eastern United States, but it was reduced by overhunting, disease, and bad weather to a population of less than 100 birds on Martha's Vineyard. By 1920, the population had become so small that genetic deterioration resulting from inbreeding caused the population to die out in 1932.
There are some examples of populations that have been reduced to very low levels and appear to have recovered quite well. The Northern elephant seal was reduced to a population of less than 100 but is now thriving with over 30,000 individuals.
All of the pet golden hamstersin the world are descended from one female caught in Syria in the 1930s, and the species has not been found in the wild since. It is not known why some species are more sensitive to inbreeding than others.
Hybridization seems to occur more often when species are reduced to very small numbers. This can be a significant problem because species hybrids cannot be protected under the Endangered Species Act. For example, a large fraction of both red wolves and gray wolves have turned out to be wolf/coyote hybrids.
The 50 or so Florida panthers include some that are the products of hybridization with a South American subspecies (because some hybrid panthers were released into the Everglades between 1957 and 1967). This may be beneficial to the Florida panther, which shows significant reproductive problems, probably due to inbreeding. But the current status of the Florida panther as endangered could be revoked under a strict interpretation of the Endangered Species Act. What You Can Do to Save the Florida Panther.
The present-day population of Przewalski's horse occasionally produces an individual with an unusual coat color, probably because the species has hybridized with the domestic horse at least once in its history.
Hybridization between subspecies has led to a major problem in buffalo conservation in Canada. Most of the wood buffalo in Wood Buffalo National Park in Alberta are hybrids resulting from interbreeding with plains buffalo (a different subspecies) that were removed from cattle country in southern Alberta. But there is still a small herd of pure wood buffalo. The biologists are considering killing or at least removing all the hybrids and allowing the park to be taken over by the pure wood buffalo.
The "hybrid policy" of the Endangered Species Act has often been questioned. It has been argued that hybrids between species should not be given protection because this destroys the integrity of the species, but that hybridization between subspecies is a natural process that helps prevent loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. Therefore, hybrids between subspecies should be given protection under the Act.
Selective breeding. With long periods in captivity there is a danger that unintentional selective breeding will result in the establishment of traits that are desirable in captivity but not in the wild. There is a danger that animals may gradually become domesticated because of their dependence on human caretakers. A possible example is the golden lion tamarin, where the first animals released in Brazil failed to respond to danger or a predator. More releases are being tried.
The maintenance of species in captivity in zoos, aquaria, and botanic gardens is sometimes called ex situ conservation. It is the only hope for the survival of some species where the threat to their existence in the wild is now extreme. This conservation method, however, serves many other purposes such as allowing more control over breeding in order to avoid inbreeding, increased reproductive rate, providing educational and public awareness programs and providing materials for basic and applied research.
The technology for management of captive populations of endangered species in zoos is primitive but rapidly improving. There are roughly 500,000 mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians in captivity in zoos throughout the world. 500,000 is equal to about 1% of the number of cats in American households.
Not all attempts at captive propagation have been successful. Only 26 of 274 species of rare mammals in captivity are self-sustaining. Giant pandas, cheetahs, elephants, penguins, humming birds, killer whales, and vicunas have been very difficult to breed. Only one species of bats (gray headed flying fox) has ever been bred in captivity. Only about 10% of reptile species in zoos have reproduced.
Improved management of the genetics of small captive populations is beginning to make propagation more successful by eliminating some of the problems associated with inbreeding. The International Species Inventory System now keeps genealogical information on individual animals of 2,500 species of mammals and birds kept in 326 zoos in Europe and North America. This makes it possible to arrange matings by computer in order to minimize problems caused by inbreeding.
Molecular methods are also being used to obtain more definitive information on the relationships between endangered species and their close relatives. Lack of this type of information has already caused problems in endangered species conservation. For example, in the early 1980's the five remaining male individuals of the dusky seaside sparrow were crossed with what was thought to be their closest relative, the subspecies Scott's seaside sparrow, to produce hybrids that, theoretically, could be interbred to give back a strain that was close to 100% dusky. But subsequent mitochondrial DNA analysis show that Scott's seaside sparrow was actually a distant relative while there were four other subspecies that were much closer to the dusky. Thus DNA analysis can be a useful source of information in desperate situations such as this.
The potential role of zoos for species conservation is limited by space and expense. In the U.S., zoos contain self-sustaining populations of a total of only 96 species. The cost of maintaining a herd of about 100 herbivores is up to $250,000 a year, much more than the cost of maintaining the same number in the wild.
It is estimated that if existing zoos were used exclusively for captive propagation of threatened species, a maximum of about 900 species of vertebrates could be kept alive in captivity. But at least 2000 mammals, reptiles and birds would have to be bred in captivity in the near future in order to escape extinction. Of course, the ultimate hope is that zoos will serve as facilities for the temporary recovery of species prior to their return to the wild within a few generations.
Most captive propagation programs in zoos focus on large birds and mammals, partly because they face greater extinction threats than do most small animals, but also because these are more successful in attracting customers. This has also led to some problems. The World Wildlife Fund recently sued the Fish and Wildlife Service for providing the Toledo Zoo with a permit to import two Giant pandas, a species close to extinction (fewer than 1000 animals) in the wild in China. Pandas are listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and are on CITES Appendix I. The zoo was planning to set up a special exhibit of the pandas, charge a special fee, make about $3 million for a three-month exhibit, and pay about $300,000 to China for the loan. The WWF argued that the exhibit was primarily for commercial gain and that issuing the permit would therefore violate the ESA and CITES, both of which prohibit commercial trafficking in endangered species. This case was especially troublesome because the two animals were of breeding age and were taken from a captive breeding facility in China, in violation of China's policy to loan only non-breeding animals. Thirty other zoos were negotiating with the Chinese to borrow pandas when this case went to court.
Because of concerns
about short-term exhibition loans and how the demand for such loans might impact pandas in
the wild, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service imposed a moratorium on live panda import
permit applications from 1993 to 1998. In 1998 they announced a new policy under which the service has to make the following
determinations before it can issue a permit:
the import cannot be for primarily commercial purposes;
the purpose for the import must not be detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild;
the importer must have facilities and the expertise to care for the panda;
the import must enhance the survival or propagation of the species as outlined under the ESA, meaning that scientific research or the propagation of the species must benefit wild pandas; and
the import must not jeopardize the continued existence of giant panda populations in the wild.
Aquaria have been much less successful than zoos in propagating threatened species, in spite of the fact that there are threats to large numbers of freshwater species and that many of these fish take up very little space. The captive breeding specialist group of IUCN is mounting a major effort to develop captive breeding programs for endangered fish species, such as the cichlids of Lake Victoria, the desert fishes of North America and Appalachian stream fishes. Some of these will need to be propagated in aquaria for many generations in view of the difficulty in solving the exotic predators and/or acid rain problems.
River dolphin. The Dallas World Aquarium has filed for a permit with National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to capture and import four Amazon River dolphins from South America to Dallas. These animals do not do well in captivity, the Aquarium has no plans to breed or reintroduce them, and the species in the wild is likely to be listed as endangered in the near future.
At present, zoos are not able to deal with the hundreds of thousands of insects and other invertebrates threatened with extinction by habitat loss. However, some zoos and independent operations are developing the technology for captive propagation of these other kinds of organisms. For example, there are now 47 butterfly houses in England, three in the U.S., and two in Australia. These operations could attempt captive propagation of endangered species of insects (but they have not done so yet).
It is much easier and cheaper to maintain captive populations of plants than of animals. Hundreds of species of plants can be kept in a small botanic garden. They require less care, they do not require cages, mating can be arranged more easily, they can be vegetatively propagated and they can easily be stored during their dormant seed stage. The world's roughly 1500 botanic gardens together contain at least 35,000 plant species or more than 15% of the world's flora. Seeds of many plant species, especially those with dry, small seeds, can be stored at low temperatures for long periods with little loss of viability. They are usually maintained at 5% humidity and -20oC. A small seed storage facility can easily store thousands of species. Unfortunately, there are some plant species that do not survive well in storage, and there are some plants that can only be propagated vegetatively (not via seeds). The role of botanic gardens in conservation is growing very rapidly with research into storage techniques, better data collection and better coordination.
The UCI Arboretum, directed by Dr. Peter Bowler, has a collection of 4,000 species, mostly from Africa, of which more than 200 are endangered and 76 are grown nowhere else.
Techniques for embryo transfer and artificial insemination, which have been developed for laboratory animals and farm animals, are potentially very useful for improving the reproductive potential of captive populations of endangered species. These kinds of techniques have been worked out mainly for mammals.
In this technique, fertilized eggs or early embryos (usually about the 8- cell stage) are removed from the reproductive tract of a donor female and transferred into the tract of a surrogate mother, who carries the embryos to term and produces live young. This can all be done non-surgically, at least with cattle. What makes it useful is that the donor and recipient can be of two different species (although they must be of the same genus); successful transfers have been carried out from guar (endangered species) into domestic cow, Grant's zebra into horse, Przewalski's horse into domestic horse, macaque into rhesus monkey, and several others.
One technique for enhancing reproduction is superovulation; treatment of the donor with fertility hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone causes the release of large numbers of eggs (up to 31 in eland), all of which can potentially be fertilized, transferred and carried to term in surrogate mothers. This method works well in cattle (and humans!), but not so well in other mammals so far. Another method of increasing the reproductive rate is embryo bisection to give identical twins or triplets; this has so far been demonstrated only with laboratory and domestic animals (slide: sheep twins).
Embryo transfer is useful in several ways, not all obvious:
It increases the number of progeny per female (potentially increases the yield per ovulation and increases the number of ovulations that are productive).
It prevents disease transmission between populations (embryos are almost always free of disease agents that may have been present in the donor).
The offspring acquire passive immunity from the surrogate mother via placental blood supply or milk, and this makes them as resistant to local diseases as the surrogate mother. This method therefore potentially gives better survival than transporting the animals themselves to a new location.
Animals can be transferred from one place to another as embryos in test tubes, implanted into foster mothers and then, when they have grown, they can be used in breeding programs. This is much cheaper and safer than transferring full-grown animals. This technique is being considered for the tiger, which lives on 18 tiger reserves in India with no wildlife corridors connecting them. Moving embryos from one site to another will allow the transfer of genes that is important for maintaining fitness and adaptability of populations.
The embryos can be frozen before transfer into the recipient female. Embryos of the eland have been frozen for 1.5 years then successfully transferred and carried to term. Thousands of mouse embryos are kept frozen as a method of preserving genetic stocks. For mice, rabbits and cows, 80-90% of the embryos develop after freezing and thawing. This raises the possibility of long-term cryopreservation of embryos of many different species in a "frozen zoo", and of large numbers from individual species so that genetic variability can be maintained at fairly low cost. Cryopreservation may also be important when insufficient surrogate mothers are available or are not yet synchronized.
Artificial insemination is another technology that may be useful. Sperm can be
frozen and used later, or transferred to another breeding facility to increase genetic
diversity. Sometimes, the sperm can be added to the eggs in a dish and fertilization
will occur. In other cases (for example, horses) the sperm has to be injected into
the egg. A few years ago, the black-footed ferret was down to six individuals, but
artificial insemination has now been used to produce 16 kittens. Elephants and
cheetahs have conceived, and a live cheetah cub has been born following artificial
insemination. Elephants have not bred naturally in captivity, so this method may be
useful simply to make captive breeding possible.
Somatic Cell Cloning holds some promise for propagating from one or a
few survivors of an almost-extinct species. This was first done with domestic sheep
at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh (see panel, from University of Virginia) but has
since been done with other mammals. It has already been used to rescue a rare breed
of cattle that had been reduced to a single old female ("Lady") and some frozen
sperm. Granulosa cells (somatic cells in the ovary) from Lady were fused with
enucleated eggs (lacking DNA) from a different breed, and the resulting eggs were
implanted into an Angus cow (a common breed). The first calf born from these cells
("Elsie", =LC, =Lady's Clone) is genetically identical to Lady, as expected,
although her markings are slightly different. |
Trans-species Somatic Cell Cloning is being proposed for propagation of the Giant Panda (Nature, 30 July 1998). Scientists at China's National Academy of Sciences are hoping to transfer nuclei from an adult giant panda cell into the egg of another species, perhaps a black bear. They are hoping to have the eggs carried in a foster mother. A major advantage would be that the technique would not require panda eggs, which are very difficult to obtain. Similar nuclear transfer methods are being proposed to help the recovery of the Northern Hairy nosed wombat, Australia's rarest mammal. Nuclei from ear cells will be implanted into egg cells from the more Common Wombats, and any embryos will be transferred into surrogate mothers. Sheep, monkey, rat, and pig embryos have been successfully produced by fusing somatic cells from these species with cow eggs. However, many of these embryos were lost by miscarriage and none has given rise to a living animal.
Some scientists are even working on using cloning techniques to bring extinct species back to life. For example, they hope to find some intact nuclei preserved in 20,000 year-old carcasses of woolly mammoths frozen in the permafrost in Siberia. The nuclei would be implanted into elephant eggs, and if development occurred the embryos would be implanted into surrogate mother elephants. If a calf was produced it would be an authentic woolly mammoth.
The proposal to clone an animal from tissue that has been dead for 20,000 years seems like science fiction. But Japanese scientists have already used the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify (accurately replicate many times) small pieces of DNA from a woolly mammoth muscle fragment. They were able to amplify and determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA segments of 1-200 base pairs in length, but were not able to amplify fragments of 1000 base pairs, suggesting that the DNA had been degraded into fragments smaller than 1000 nucleotides. This means that the chances of finding a nucleus with its entire DNA intact are very remote indeed (also, to support development the nucleus would need to have not just the DNA intact, but also many proteins and other molecules that are required for the DNA to function). However, the Japanese group was able to reconstruct the DNA sequence of two entire genes (~1000 base pairs each) by piecing together the sequence from many smaller fragments. They used the information from these two genes to show that the woolly mammoth was genetically closer to the African elephant that to the Asian elephant - the opposite to what had been concluded based on comparative anatomy. In fact, they showed that the mammoth was more closely related to the African elephant than is the Asian elephant. African and Asian elephants have been hybridized in a zoo, and a hybrid calf was born although it did not live long. This makes the biologists wonder whether hybridization might be used to bring the mammoth back from the dead. If they are able to find sperm in a frozen mammoth carcass, they will try to take the nucleus from mammoth sperm and use it to fertilize an elephant egg in vitro. If the egg were to develop, it would be an elephant-mammoth hybrid. Unfortunately, it would probably be sterile, like other species hybrids (the mule, for example), so it would be difficult to resurrect the species this way.
In contemplating these far-fetched ideas, it is important to remember that new techniques in molecular and developmental biology are being developed at an incredibly rapid rate. Even though we can't do it today, some time in the future we may be able to produce an animal starting only from information about its DNA. And we now know that we can get this kind of information from woolly mammoth carcasses! We have a long way to go though - two genes have been analyzed, out of a total of about 140,000.
Scientists in New Zealand are hoping to use trans-species cloning to bring back the recently extinct Huia bird.
Many egg-laying animals (i.e. birds and reptiles) are capable of producing many more eggs than they can rear. This raises the possibility of collecting the extra eggs and hatching and rearing the animals in captivity with a foster parent, then using them to supplement wild populations. It has worked extremely well with some birds, particularly the peregrine falcon, which is now doing so well that the fostering program is being phased out. Rearing of whooping cranes has also been successful, and the species recovered from a population of 21 birds in 1941 to over 300 in 1996. But the other part of the whooping crane program, in which the young were to be reared by the much more numerous sandhill cranes, has not been successful - the fostered animals have not yet reproduced in the wild.
A major problem with fostering programs is that the young animals learn crucial behaviors in the wild but not in captivity. Captive bred animals sometimes bond to their human keepers instead of their own species, and this makes reproduction difficult. An ornithologist who had helped to raise a whooping crane had to perform the bird's courtship rituals in order to get a female crane to reproduce. In the wild, the cranes will not produce eggs without having formed a bond with a male. Now the trend is to keep the keepers away from the animals as much as possible in order to prevent this kind of occurrence, and to use mirrors, puppets, etc. in order to keep the animals focused on their own species.
At least 19 species have been reintroduced into the wild after captive propagation. In at least seven cases (Pere David's deer, Arabian Oryx, American bison, Red wolf, Guam kingfisher, Guam rail, and the California condor) the species were extinct in the wild at the time of reintroduction.
Numerous other species not completely lost from the wild such as the peregrine falcon, the bald eagle, the gray wolf and the alpine ibex have been successfully reintroduced to portions of their range from which they had been lost. Reintroduced peregrine falcons are now established in many places (there is one living in Upper Newport Bay), and reintroduced bald eagles are doing well on Catalina Island.
Nene. One of the first examples of successful reintroduction was the Nene or Hawaiian goose. The population was reduced (by exotic rats and mongooses eating the eggs) from about 25,000 in the year 1700 to only 43 on the big island by 1940. It was totally gone from Maui. It was bred at the Wildfowl Trust in England until enough were available for reintroduction to Maui. The wild population in Hawaii is up to about 800, but there is a high rate of male infertility, apparently because of inbreeding.
Spix's Macaw, the rarest bird in the world, is now the subject of a "last-ditch" captive breeding and reintroduction effort. Prior to 1990 the species had been decimated by a combination of habitat loss and capture of birds for the pet trade, and was considered extinct in the wild. But then a single wild male was discovered. At that time there were, fortunately, also eleven Spix's Macaws in captivity. The wild male is still alive and the number in captivity has (3/00) increased to 60. The committee responsible for saving the species decided early on not to capture the last wild bird, because they felt he might have learned vital facts and behavior patterns (for example, about how to avoid capture by poachers, and where to find food) and that he could teach survival skills to other birds after they were introduced to the wild.
One difficulty has been that this kind of bird bonds for life, and when the single wild male was discovered in 1990 he had already bonded with a female of a different though related species, Illiger's Macaw. These two birds have different roosting sites, probably part of their different inherited behavior patters. The male roosts on a large cactus and the female sleeps in a hole in a tree. The pair solved this problem in an interesting way. They fly together during the day, then in the evening the male escorts the female to her tree, then goes home to his cactus.
Monitoring of the last wild Spix's macaw and the attempts to get him to breed have captured the imagination of the locals. An entire village is involved in watching and guarding him, and they keep detailed notes on his behavior. Four full-time observers are employed to watch the birds. The story provides a wonderful example of how the local community can get deeply involved in and committed to a conservation project. The project has also brought enormous benefits to the community.
A female Spix's was released near the male in 1995, and for a while she and the male kept company as a threesome with the Illiger's. But after a month the Spix's female was found dead. Now the biologists are hoping to introduce some Spix's eggs from captive birds into a nest made by the cross-species couple, and hope to get them fostered in the wild.
Articles on Spix's Macaw | Macaw survival project takes flight
Iguana Farming - A Source of Food and a Method of Tropical Forest Preservation
Pere Davids Deer. In the case of Pere David's deer, an Asian deer with a tufted tail and big feet, the species had been extinct in the wild for 800 years before it was reintroduced. It originally lived in swamps in northeast China, and became extinct in nature when these swamps were drained for agriculture during the Shang dynasty (1766-1122 B.C.). They were discovered by Pere David in the Hunting Park in Beijing. Pere David had 18 of them sent back to some European zoos. This was quite fortunate because the stock in China was subsequently (in 1894) completely lost. Herds have been established in several countries, and the zoo population is now up to over 1400, all descended from Pere David's 18 animals. In 1964 the London zoo sent four of the deer to the Peking zoo, after the species had been gone from China for almost 50 years. In 1985, more were sent and released into a park, where they are now breeding successfully.
Przewalski horse (Mongolian wild horse). This is the only remaining really wild horse, never having been domesticated. It has a stiff mane and no forelock. It had been known to exist for only 87 years when it became extinct in the wild in 1968. From 13 captive animals, over 1400 now exist in captivity. Eventually they will be reintroduced to Mongolia, China and the Soviet Union.
Golden lion tamarin. One of the world's smallest monkeys (less than one foot long); lives in the Atlantic forest in eastern Brazil. The total wild population has decreased from 400 in the mid-1970s to 100-200 today. There are about 300 in captivity in the U.S. and Europe. Since 1984, 89 captive bred animals have been released and about 35 are still alive. The tamarin is the first primate bred in captivity with the goal of reintroducing it into the wild. The remaining habitat has to be restored and the fragments reconnected in order for the reintroduced population to become self-sustaining.
The Arabian oryx was extinct in the wild in 1972 but reintroduced after captive breeding in the Phoenix and San Diego zoos. Now there are wild herds in special reserves in Oman, Jordan, Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Endangered antelope returning to Tunisia
Marine Mammals. Sea World, in San Diego, has an active program for rescuing stranded marine mammals (not necessarily endangered species), rehabilitating them, and releasing them into the wild. They have even tried this with a stranded gray whale ("J.J."). Unfortunately, J.J. has not been sighted recently.
The Oregon Coast Aquarium in Newport, Oregon, rehabilitated a killer whale, Keiko, and has tried to release him in appropriate habitat near Iceland. He is being kept in a netted pen in a sheltered cove while he builds up enough strength and skills to be released into the same area where he was captured in 1979 as a two-year-old calf. Unfortunately, several attempts to release him into the wild have ended in failure as he has always returned to the boat carrying his handlers.
Reintroduction has also been tried as a way of boosting the small California population of Southern Sea Otters. Because of the California population's small size, limited range and vulnerability to oil spills, in 1987 the US Fish and Wildlife Service decided to try to establish a second population at San Nicolas Island, one of the southernmost of the Channel Islands that once had a natural population. 139 otters were translocated over a three-year period. However, the biologists were surprised when many of the otters left, probably to return to the Mainland (70 miles away). About 20 remain and there has been some reproduction, so the plan may succeed eventually. But the program has now run into trouble because about 150 otters are seasonally visiting the island and feeding on the sea urchins that are the target of a commercial fishery.
A lynx immediately after release in the San Juan Mountains around May 1, 2000. Photo by Michael Seraphin, courtesy Colorado Division of Wildlife. |
Since February 1999, the Colorado Division of Wildlife has released 96 lynx brought from
British Columbia, Canada to rebuild the Colorado population that was nearly eliminated by
hunting and habitat destruction. The program is a huge success, with the cats finding
appropriate prey, and very few losses. The lynx released this year are being tracked with
satellite collars.
Swift Fox
Swift Fox Reintroduction on Blackfeet Reservation
Red Wolf. The historic range of the red wolf was in the southeastern U.S., but generations of hunters had almost completely exterminated the species by 1970. In the recovery program for this species, the last 400 wolves were captured (in Louisiana and Texas) in the mid-1970's. All but 14 of these, upon genetic testing, turned out to be gray wolf/coyote hybrids, and could not be used to rescue the wolf (hybrids are also not protected under the Endangered Species Act). But the original population of 14 has now increased to about 240. The red wolf became extinct in the wild in 1980. Since 1986, the wolves have been gradually returned to wild habitats including some areas, like Roanoke Island in North Carolina, where the wolves had been extinct for several hundred years. Coyote-free habitats have been chosen for most of the introductions. The five wild populations now contain a total of approximately 60 animals, and there are about 180 red wolves in 31 captive-breeding facilities in the United States.
Gray Wolf. Before European settlers arrived, gray wolves once roamed all over North America, their population in the millions. After hunters depleted many of their large prey animals (bison, elk), the wolves turned to livestock and became a hated enemy of farmers, ranchers and their representatives the U.S. Farm Bureau. Wolves were shot, trapped and poisoned in huge numbers by individual settlers, fur traders, hunters and government employees in organized predator-control programs. A favorite technique was to lace bison carcasses with strychnine, a practice that was finally outlawed on federal lands by President Richard M. Nixon. Wolves were eradicated in Montana and Idaho by the late 1920's, leaving the main populations in Minnesota (a few hundred animals) and Alaska (7000 animals) where there was a government-sponsored wolf control program until 1995. The gray wolf was one of the first species to be listed as endangered under the first federal endangered species law in 1967. It is now listed as endangered throughout its historic range in the lower 48 states, except in Minnesota where it is listed as threatened.
Gray wolves from Canada are now being used in a reintroduction program in two areas in the U.S.: Yellowstone National Park, Montana and the mountains of Idaho.
The first fifteen wolves (captured in Canada) were released in the mountains of central Idaho in January 1995 and another 14 were released in Yellowstone in March 1995 after being held in acclimatization pens for 6 weeks. Twenty wolves were reintroduced in central Idaho and 17 in Yellowstone National Park in 1996. They have been surviving and multiplying rapidly - Yellowstone now has about 121 wolves in 12 packs, after 50 pups were born in 1997 and 42 in 1998. They have taken their place in the ecology, feeding on elk, mountain lions, and coyotes. The carrion left behind by these kills has provided food for foxes and raptors, whose populations have rebounded. The project has been so successful that no new releases were planned in either area in 1997.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is the primary agency responsible for the recovery and conservation of endangered species in the U.S., including the gray wolf. They tried to work with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game but the Idaho legislature is dominated by "wise use" anti-environmentalists who prohibited Idaho Fish and Game from helping with wolf reintroduction. Instead, the USFWS contracted with the Nez Perce Indian tribe to manage the wolves, and this has been quite successful. The goal of the wolf recovery process in the northern Rocky Mountains is to remove the species from the Endangered Species List. This will be done when ten breeding pairs of wolves (about 100 wolves), become established in each of three recovery areas (northwest Montana, central Idaho, and the area in and near Yellowstone National Park) for three consecutive years.
Wolves kill livestock, and this has led to opposition to the reintroduction programs. But the non-governmental organization Defenders of Wildlife has established a fund, which is used to compensate ranchers for kills by either wolves or grizzly bears. Through June 2000 the introduced wolves in all three areas have killed 319 sheep and 159 cattle, so this kind of predation is a significant problem. The owners of the livestock are being reimbursed by Defenders of Wildlife (over $120,000 paid out so far). 64 of the wolves have had to be killed, and 83 moved to prevent further livestock damage. New reintroduction programs must include much more involvement of the local communities affected by them.
Mexican Gray Wolf. The Mexican subspecies of gray wolf was listed as endangered in 1976; and in 1998 the subspecies was down to 175 animals, all in captivity. A federal program to reintroduce the wolf in the American southwest has run into problems similar to those in Yellowstone. The wolves are being released in the Blue Range of the Apache National Forest within the Gila Headwaters Ecosystem along the Arizona - New Mexico border. Of 11 wolves released in January 1998, one was shot by a threatened camper, three were shot by unknown individuals, one disappeared and three had to be recaptured because they did not adjust well to life in the wild. The remaining three were all males. The second release involved nine wolves in two packs released in March 1998, of which four are still in the wild (update). Two more were released in November 1998 and four more in March 1999.
Following the Yellowstone example, the livestock industry has used a lawsuit to try to stop the Mexican gray wolf recovery program. The industry claims that the wolves should be removed from the Gila Headwaters Ecosystem, because wild wolves already exist there, and because the introduced wolves are coyote/wolf hybrids. Federal and academic scientists dispute both claims.
Grizzly Bear. Grizzly bears in the lower 48 States were almost wiped out by predator control programs over the past 100 years - from an estimated 50,000 before European settlement, to 800-1,000 living in about 2% of their historic range in Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Washington. They are listed as threatened in the lower 48 states, but are much more abundant in British Columbia and Alaska (distribution map). The Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia is a major stronghold for the remaining grizzlies, yet in 2001 the B.C. Premier announced he would reinstate grizzly bear hunting in that province.
Because of the bear's threatened status, USFWS is planning to reintroduce the bear to appropriate but no longer occupied habitats. Grizzly bear reintroduction is politically even more difficult than wolf reintroduction, because grizzly bears are much more likely than wolves are to kill people. The reintroduction is being planned for the Selway-Bitterroot area of Idaho and Montana, an area that now has no grizzly bears but could support about 200. The plan is different from other reintroduction plans in that the animals would be established as an experimental population to be managed by a local Citizen Management Committee. There are strong feelings both for and against the reintroduction of grizzly bears, but 76.6% of over 20,000 signatures on petitions received in response to the plan were in favor of the reintroduction. In spite of this, in June 2001 Secretary of Interior Gale Norton proposed to withdraw the program. Then in June 2001 a wild grizzly was spotted in the Bitterroot area, suggesting that a viable population might still exist there. If confirmed, this discovery would mean a lot more protection for the area under the Endangered Species Act. The bear was shot. (Grizzly bear photograph by Barbara Jordan)
Trumpeter Swan
. Reintroduction of migratory species can be especially difficult. The Trumpeter Swan, the largest waterfowl species in North America (weighing up to 35 pounds) was originally very abundant - every winter, hundreds of thousands migrated from their breeding grounds in New York state and Canada to their wintering areas further south, especially on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay. But by 1932 it was reduced to about 70 individuals because of drainage of marshes and over-exploitation for meat, skin, and feathers, which were used for making hats, powder puffs and quill pens. The haunting trumpetings, which were once heard over the entire continent, were silenced and the trumpeter was the rarest swan in the world. It was extirpated from California.Conservation measures allowed the Trumpeter to increase to 3000 animals in the northern parts of the U.S. and Canada. The birds on the Pacific Flyway have re-established their original migration pattern, but the swans east of the Rockies no longer fly south for the winter; instead they live in the warm-water waste pools of power plants. Apparently they used to learn their migration route from the previous generation. Attempts have been made to reintroduce the swans into formerly inhabited marshes, but when they are released they fly off in all directions, and do not fly south for the winter.
Biologists have decided that they need to teach the swans how to migrate. Their project is based on a very famous discovery by the Austrian naturalist Konrad Lorenz. While breeding a captive colony of Greylag Geese, Lorenz discovered that the newly hatched goslings would form a permanent bond with their mother. But if she is not around they will bond with the first moving thing they see, and follow it around until they are mature. It can be a different species of bird (raising the possibility of fostering programs) or a moving cardboard box, or a nearby human. This phenomenon is called imprinting. Lorenz imprinted a whole gaggle of greylags on himself.
Biologists are now trying to get birds to imprint on boats and airplanes, so they can be taught to migrate. In a pilot (?) project, Sladen and Lisman imprinted a small flock of Canada Geese on an ultralight aircraft and taught them a migration route. In 1997 they removed eggs from a trumpeter swan nest prior to hatching. They imprinted them on on the ultralight, and eventually led them on their first migration - a 103-mile journey from Virginia across the Chesapeake Bay to its eastern shore. Three birds became the first trumpeter swans to winter on the Eastern Shore in over 200 years and they all found their way back to their starting point in Virginia. In the next phase of the project, the birds will be taught a longer route from western New York to the Chesapeake Bay. Hopefully, the pioneers will train the migration routes to their young, so the training by humans would only be necessary with one generation. In 1998, four swans followed an ultra-light aircraft from Canada to southern Indiana, and at least one made the return trip without help.
Similar tests are being done with Whooping Cranes.
A colony of European storks has been established in France in which the annual migration to West Africa has been deliberately suppressed, so that they can be protected even if the rest of the species suffers from habitat problems in the other part of their range.
Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle. Migratory species are difficult to manage because nobody really knows how they learn their migration routes or how they navigate. Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle is an example. In the 1940s about 40,000 of these turtles were seen nesting at one time on a beach in northeastern Mexico. In 1987 the number was down to 500 over the course of the entire year. In 1985 the species was reduced to less than 200 nests at a single nesting site (Rancho Nuevo, Mexico). In 1994, the number of nests at this site had risen to 580.
The depletion of Kemp's Ridley is due to poaching and to turtles getting caught in shrimp nets (at least 11,000 each year, perhaps four times that many, of which at least 500 are ridleys). Now the shrimp nets are required to have turtle excluder devices on them, which let the turtles out without losing the shrimp. Since 1977 USFWS has been taking turtle eggs from nests in Mexico, raising them in captivity for the first nine months in order to protect them from predators, then releasing them to the open sea. They have spent $4 million on this "headstarting" program, and released over 18,000 turtles (as of 1996). Some of them were released briefly into the water off Padre Island National Seashore in Texas, in the hopes that they would get imprinted on to that area and return there when grown.
The main problem with the headstarting program is that there is no way to know whether it is working or not! If the turtles do return to the beach where they started out, it would not be until they were ten years old, and there is no way to tag them for that long. So there is no way to tell if any of the headstarted turtles are surviving, and if they are, whether they are returning to the right beach and whether they are breeding. Certainly they are not breeding at Padre Island. The headstart organizers have cited, as evidence for survival, the fact that some tagged turtles have been found stranded on European coasts. If this is evidence for survival, it is also evidence that they are wandering far away from their normal migration routes, since wild turtles have not been seen there before.
Another ironic twist to this story is that the scientists involved as well as several major environmental groups are now against the program, and are arguing that the resources should go into proven conservation measures such as protecting the nests. But the program is strongly supported by the USFWS, and by the Gulf shrimp fishermen who are trying to avoid having to use turtle excluder devices that, they believe, reduce their catch. Representatives of Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas have introduced turtle "stocking" bills before Congress that would provide for a tenfold expansion of the headstarting program!
By the early 1980's it was clear that the only hope for the California Condor, the largest north American bird, was captive breeding. These giant birds have a wingspan of over nine feet and a weight of up to 25 pounds. In prehistoric times ranged from California to Florida, from Baja California to British Columbia. They probably fed on the carcasses of giant Pleistocene mammals like mammoths, ground sloths and camels.
By 1980 the population of California Condors was down to 27 birds in the coast range behind Santa Barbara. In the winter of 1984-85 the population in the wild plummeted from 15 to nine, and the decision was made to bring the remaining birds into captivity. The last nine wild condors were captured, leaving the animal extinct in the wild in 1987. Two of the captive birds successfully mated and produced the first captive-bred condor chick the following year. California Condors are now being produced at the Los Angeles Zoo, The World Center for Birds of Prey in Boise, Idaho, and the San Diego Wild Animal Park (where live condors are on public exhibit). One technique that helped, as with peregrine falcons, is double clutching - taking the first egg from the nest to induce the mother to lay a second one. The population has been managed very carefully in order to minimize inbreeding effects, and in October 2002 consisted of 126 birds.
Beginning with the first reintroductions in 1992, 13 condors have been reintroduced into the wild at the Sespe Condor Sanctuary in Los Padres National Forest, Santa Barbara County. However, they have had several problems. Four have died due to collisions with power lines and one due to poisoning by ethylene glycol (a component of antifreeze). One got sick after it visited a campground where campers fed it hot dogs and popcorn. Another five were recaptured because they were showing some behaviors that were too risky (like perching on power lines). The biologists tried to move them to more remote areas, but they flew back to their original release area.
Some of the captive-bred condors have been getting into trouble because they have no fear of people. The recovery team has therefore set up a condor preschool where the birds are given "aversion therapy". They let the chick loose in a large flight pen, move a person into its line of sight, then a group of biologists grab the bird and turn it upside down. They hope this will make them fearful of humans. They are also giving them a power line to perch on where they get a small shock, in order to teach them power line aversion.
California Condors have also been released at Lion Canyon in Kern County, Castle Craig in San Luis Obispo County, and the Vermilion Cliffs area in the Grand Canyon, Arizona. In October 2002 there were 75 living in the wild in California, Arizona and Baja California, Mexico.
released condors have reproduced in the wild but unfortunately all of the chicks hatched
since 1984 have died.
The primary goal of the Condor reintroduction project is to change the bird's status from "endangered" to "threatened". The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has established the following criteria that must be met for the status to be changed:
1. At least two non-captive populations
(one in California, one in Arizona) and one captive population must be established.
2. Each population must consist of at least 150 birds and contain at least 15 breeding
3. Each population must have a positive growth rate and must contain individuals descended
from each of the 14 founding birds to ensure maximum genetic diversity.
4. The non-captive populations must occupy separate territories and not interact with each
Griffon Vulture


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First published in Mongrel in 2007 (the heyday of the slow jam)
Real talk: R Kelly
THE SLOW JAM is a weird branch of the musical tree. It's usually a combination of crooning vocals with smoothed-out hip hop beats. Bendy synth sounds are frequently prominent. Prime movers of the slowjamming scene have been Usher, Ginuwine, R Kelly and recent arrivals T-Pain and The Dream; and slow jams are, almost exclusively, about knocking the socks off women. Which is to say, they're all about being a particular kind of man.
The position of the Slow Jam Man is a curious one. On the one hand, you're the undiluted essence of male: a master seducer driven by the urge to sexual conquest. On the other, that conquest is generally achieved by such doctrinally effeminate methods as the gyration of hips, the murmuring of sweet nothings, and the hitting of climactic high notes. For a genre obsessed with notions of masculinity, this is the elephant in the room. How do you reconcile being an unreconstructed player with – let's face it – singing and dancing, like a girl?


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Priscilla Lovins, operating motor vehicle under influence of drugs/alcohol 1st offense.
Carter Short, failure of owner to maintain required insurance, expired registration plate.
Jessica Gilbert, alcohol intoxication in public place.
Jeremy House, possession of controlled substance 1st.
Natasha Saylor, possession of controlled substance.
Michael Cohorn, executed warrant.
Steven Maxie, executed warrant.
Tabatha McCowan, operating motor vehicle on suspended operator's license.
Larry Gilliam, operating motor vehicle under the influence of drugs/alcohol 3rd offense, driving DUI suspended 2nd offense, disregarding stop sign, reckless driving, executed warrants (x5).
Benjamin Hamm, alcohol intoxication in public place.
$120.00 – Liberty Hills Lot 18, Michaela L. Jefferies and Michaela L. Cornett to Lusandra Sams, Filed 4/4/13.
$120.00 – Liberty Hills Lot 18, Michaela L. Cornett to Lusandra Sams, Filed 4/4/13.
$5.00 – Liberty Hills Lot 18, Michaela L. Jefferies to Lusandra Sams, Filed 4/4/13.
N/A – Hwy 1524 Ashers Fork, Apple Valley Property to Apple Valley Property, filed 4/5/13.
N/A – Laurel and Sexton Creek, Timothy R. Runion to Michael Paul Runion, filed 4/5/13.
N/A – Laurel and Sexton Creek, Timothy R. Runion to Christopher Runion, filed 4/5/13.
$180.00 – Lot 54 Liberty Hills, Ruby Maggard Barrett to Crystal Swafford Smith, filed 4/8/13.
$8.00 – Curry Branch Road, Ray Benge to Betty Benge, filed 4/8/13.
N/A – Curry Branch Road, Betty Benge to Ray Benge, filed 4/8/13.
N/A – Duck Egg Branch, Judy Gregory Executor to Judy Gregory, filed 4/8/13.
N/A – Duck Egg Branch, Alpha Bundy Estate to Judy Gregory, filed 4/8/13.
N/A – Portersburg Road, Ben Sellards to Kevin Oliver, filed 4/8/13.
N/A – Highway 421, Geneva Smith to Geneva Smith, filed 4/9/13.
N/A – North Highway 421, Brandon Jackson to Donaldene Sizemore, filed 4/8/13.
N/A – North Highway 421, Roberta Henson Jackson to Donaldene Sizemore, no file date given.
N/A – Laurel and Sexton Creek, Brenda M. Runion to Brenda M. Runion, no file date given.
Tabitha Lovins 11/5/86, public intoxication.
Charles R. Fields 7/25/78, leaving the scene of accident/failure to render aid or assistance, operating motor vehicle under influence 2nd offense.
Earl S. Stevens 7/15/73, theft by unlawful taking.
Shannon L. Collins 5/17/78, impersonating a peace officer, disorderly conduct 2nd offense, employee aid other to defraud assistance program, theft by failure to make required disp. of property.
Reana B. Collins 2/1/84, employee aid another to defraud assistance program.
Mark Steven Ridge 5/24/74, fugitive warrant not required.
Felix Cottrell 5/11/74, failure to pay fine.
Linda Y. Hunt 7/26/69, executed Floyd County warrant of arrest, fraud use credit card u/$500 u/6 month period, forgery 2nd degree.
Gillis Ryan L. Allen 11/22/94, no/expired registration plates, no/expired registration receipt, failure of owner to maintain required insurance 1st offense, failure to wear seat belt.
Paul S. Perry 7/19/80, alcohol intoxication in public place 1st & second offenses.
Ronnie Collins 8/11/77, serving warrant for other agency (failure to appear).
Dennis J. Henson 4/22/84, serving warrant for court (failure to pay fines).
Eddie J. Cobb 7/15/79, trafficking controlled substance 1st offense, persistent felony offender II.
Casey N. Turner 1/23/83, operating motor vehicle under influence of alcohol/drugs, failure to wear seatbelts, failure of owner to maintain required insurance 1st offense, failure to produce insurance card, served bench warrant (failure to appear).
AC Henson 2/2/47, executed Clay County bench warrant (failure to pay fines).
4/3/13 - 4/10/13
Carrie Beth Asher 4/9/13, Donald Cleo Baker 4/11/13, Katie Bowden 4/5/13, Jerry Bowling Jr. 4/9/13, Jacquline Bowling 4/4/13, Nancy Bowling 4/8/13, Brittany Buttery 4/6/13, Eddie J. Cobb 4/10/13, Donnie Coffey 4/6/13, Elijah G. Collett 4/3/13, Keith Wiley Collins 4/9/13, Mark Collins 4/5/13, Reona Yvonne Collins 4/4, Shannon Lee Collins 4/4/13, Felix Cottrell 4/4/13, James Cottrell 4/9/13, Robbie Garrett 4/10/13, Cecil Gregory 4/8/13, Chad F. Hacker 4/4/13, Stephen Wayne Henson 4/3/13, Terry Holland 4/5/13, Ashley N. Howard 4/6/13, Birdie A. King 4/8/13, Martin C. Lawaranca 4/7/13, Jesus Lozand 4/7/13, Harvey Marcum 4/8/13, Kashandra Leann Marcum 4/6/13, Fredrick T. McQueen 4/4/13, Mitchell Metcalf 4/8/13, Patricia Mills 4/8/13, Terri Osborne 4/8/13, Thomas Patterson 4/10/13, Mary Roberts 4/7/13, Robert B. Rogers 4/9/13, Robert A. Rowlett 4/10/13, Bobby Sams 4/9/13, John D. Saylor 4/8/13, Bobby Smith 4/9/13, Brenda Smith 4/10/13, Carol Smith 4/9/13, Gregory Smith 4/9/13, Tearle W. Sowders 4/7/13, Shane Swafford 4/9/13, Casey Turner 4/9/13.
James Lopez, et al. vs. Ezra Wagers et al.
Capital One Bank vs. Tony Russell.
Midwest Collection Network vs. Michael Sparks.
Bert Allen vs. Bertram Allen Sr.
US Bank as custodian for Sass Muni V DTR vs. Mitchell B.
US Bank as custodian for Sass Muni V DTR vs. MA Swafford.
US Bank as custodian for Sass Muni V DTR vs. DWIG Hicks.
Wells Fargo vs. Walsh Securities Inc.
Dell Financial Services vs. Ronald G. Bowling.
CHR/Jerry T. Snow Jr. vs. Meneka Lewis.
CHR/Donnie D. Bishop vs. Diane M. Davidson.
CHR/KY Foster Care vs. Lisa Grubb.
CHR/Brian O. Stewart vs. Billie J. Roberts.
Sanda Smallwood vs. Frankie Lovins, et al.
Page 10 of 126


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Many of the thousands of museums, galleries and heritage sites across the UK have services to make a visit more enjoyable for blind and partially sighted visitors. You can find further information on these on our Museums and galleries venue information page.
For a listing of upcoming events, see our Events listing for museums and galleries
Your guide to opening up museums and galleries for blind and partially sighted people. This CultureLink publication identifies approaches to key aspects of service delivery which can help improve access to museums and galleries venues, collections and archives. 'Barriers can be intellectual as well as physical.' These imperceptible barriers, often placed in the way of blind and partially sighted people by others, are far more complex and discriminatory than we first thought. But with planning, insight and understanding, they can be developed. However it is paramount that they can be addressed in a strategic, manageable and inclusive manner. We envisage our new publication 'Shifting Perspectives' highlights more creative thinking and inclusive approaches for all and offers a unique perspective from blind and partially sighted people. 'Shifting Perspectives' second edition is now available to buy through the RNIB helpline on 0303 123 9999.
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Maj. Cindy IrbyInternational Programs Coordinator
P: (540) 464-7350F: (540) 464-7768E: Email International ProgramsInternational ProgramsVirginia Military InstituteOld HospitalLexington, VA 24450
Preparing young men and women for successful service in an increasingly international and interdependent world community by broadening their global perspectives and increasing their cultural awareness is an inherent component of the Virginia Military Institute's mission of educating citizen-soldiers.
Opportunities Include:
The first major element in achieving our mission is to provide cadets top-quality opportunities for international education and experience through study abroad, military exchanges, educational travel, internships, and international academic and cultural events on Post, throughout the nation and around the world.
The second major element is to provide outstanding international student services to international cadets, both four-year VMI cadets and military exchange cadets, including advising cadets on immigration issues and helping them adjust to the culture of the U.S. and VMI.
International Education
"I'd like to find new ways to connect young Americans to young people all around the world, by supporting opportunities to learn new languages, and serve and study, welcoming students from other countries to our shores. That's always been a critical part of how America engages the world. That's how my father, who was from Kenya, from Africa, came to the United States and eventually met my mother. It's how Robert College was founded so long ago here in Istanbul.
Simple exchanges can break down walls between us, for when people come together and speak to one another and share a common experience, then their common humanity is revealed. We are reminded that we're joined together by our pursuit of a life that's productive and purposeful, and when that happens mistrust begins to fade and our smaller differences no longer overshadow the things that we share. And that's where progress begins." President Obama, April 2009
Study Abroad Handbook: VMI's policies and procedures for study abroad
Students Abroad: Student travel information from the US Department of State
The Statement of Ethical Principals in International Education established by NAFSA, the association of international educators, sets ethical standards that we practice and invite others involved in international education to observe equally.


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Hey guys yester day I was watching a movie about demons etc. And I didn't relly anderstand what does the five edged starr relate to demons and what religin is it in (I am just curusabout it) if u know please reply
what does the five edged star relate to demons
Started by
jim lolo
, Nov 24 2011 05:09 AM
4 replies to this topic
Posted 24 November 2011 - 05:09 AM
Posted 12 December 2011 - 12:40 AM
well a pentagram is a pagan symbol and Hollywood has twisted the truth (like always) and portrait the pentagram to be an evil demonic thing instead of what it really is.
then there is a reverse pentagram is satanic (upside down)
Posted 14 December 2011 - 07:06 PM
Actually, you are partially right. The pentagram is not something integral to all paganism, but it is used in some witchcraft and Wicca (those two are not the same thing). The upside pentagram DOES NOT equate Satanism or evil. It is often used on the robes of high priests in some covens..
Hollywood has really messed up the image of all things involving witchcraft, Wicca, and paganism. I'm glad you asked rather than just assuming Hollywood had it right.
Posted 20 May 2012 - 03:45 AM
5 pointed, well you got me on that. The six pointed one called the "Seal of Solomon". thhe "Seal of Daid", which had potective qualities as well as the power tosummon various elementals demons, "spirits",the "djinn" and so forth. Supposedly his ring, his real power object, and his "seal" were buried along wih him. "MAGIC and ALCHEMY", Rsemary Ellen Guiley.
Posted 26 June 2012 - 04:21 PM
well we can't deny the fact that symbols also evolve in meaning. Just like the swastika for example. The swastika is an ancient symbol of unknown origin but now we see it as the symbol for Nazis. Yes I quite agree that Hollywood messed up the star symbol. ..Solstice.Paranormal Community
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Just tried the last RC2 (tried B2 before, which worked) on OpenSuse 11.2, and it says now I need glibc 2.11
/lib/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.11' not found (required by /home/alain/bin/AutopanoPro25RC2/libQtGui.so.4
Is this normal that ver. requirements changed ? I found no simple way to update glibc for my distro :-/ If someone has a goog idea ... ;-)
I don't have the answer. I've opened an issue on that : issue 545 opened
This is a regression in RC2 and will be fixed in next release.
I don't know if it is the same issue, but I remember I was unable to start APG under debian stable, because of glibc.
Could it be possible to check that the final release will work with debian stable? Maybe not with the current one (lenny), which is pretty old, but with the next (which should be released soon)?
If it it a regression, it hasn't been fixed in the final release. It works with OpenSuse 11.3, but not 11.2, which has glibc 2.10 not glibc 2.11
Yes, we confirm that. The regression has not been fully fixed. The story :
We are using now an automatic build system to make all the compilations. For linux, we use ubuntu 10.10 under virtualbox to do that. So the full software is linked to glibc of this release.
What we need to do is to deploy 2 new virtualbox ( 32bits / 64 bits) under an older version of ubuntu ( the selected target is ubuntu 8.04 LTS ). So, with this background, the full software will be linked to the glibc of this OS and then should be compatible with a larger version of distribution.
This task is planned to be done soon.
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A suicide bomber detonated his car next to a government building in Baghdad on Monday, killing at least 18 people and wounding 125, police said.
The attack targeted the offices of Shiite religious affairs in the Bab al-Mouadham district in north-central Baghdad.
On Thursday, a series of explosions over a three-hour period shook several areas in Baghdad, leaving at least 14 people dead and dozens injured, Iraqi police said.
It was unclear who committed the attacks and whether they were linked.
One of the explosions Thursday took place in Sulaa, a Shiite neighborhood in northwestern Baghdad. A parked car bomb exploded outside a gas station in a busy area, killing at least 11 people and wounding 36, police said.
The violence comes at a particularly sensitive time, as several major political groups -- including Shiite, Sunni, and Kurdish factions -- are seeking a vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki.
They complain he is unable to achieve a power-sharing deal.
Al-Maliki still has not appointed anyone as ministers of defense, interior, and national security.
Sectarian tensions in Iraq flared following the 2003 U.S.-led invasion that toppled Saddam Hussein's Sunni-dominated regime. Hussein was later executed after being found guilty of crimes against humanity in the killings of Shiite villagers in 1982, a reported retaliation for an assassination attempt on his life.
Following the invasion, sectarian violence between Iraq's Shiite majority and Sunni minority nearly ripped the country apart.


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9. | third world | ||
Contrary to the poison jb be preachin', many of the third world, or ledc as they are now known were not part of any european empires. Take a look at central and eastern asia, par example.
Also, the countries that were conquested were left in no worse condition than found. Full of tribal conflicts and such. Some, particularly the ones that were released early have done well. Might also be worth reminding users that south america was once part of a poorly executed empire started by the usa a little over a century ago. Third world countries such as south africa, the united states, canada, greenland, austrailia and nz can blame thier fortunes on Europe.
1. | third world | ||
Derived from a time when the communist states were referred to as the second world, the third world is the less economically developed countries that hugely rely on richer countries The Third World is all poor because of the richer countries.
2. | third world | ||
Profanity mumbled to oneself when dealing with any form of unefficiency, deception, incompetence, malfunction, desillusion, ignorance, shortage, exasperation or failure. The inspectors knew the bridge would collapse but they did nothing. Third world.
I've been waiting in line for 6 hours to get in. Fucking third world. You only have a dial-up connection? Are you third world fucking kidding? That amazing giant chewbacca hologram promotion is only available in the US and Japan? Fuck three third of the world. |
3. | third world | ||
a name that is used for a friend that is from a country that is not up to stardards of the western world. buddy u have no running water? what are u, third world?
4. | Third World | ||
Not being cleaned-up to interact with others. This could include recently taken a dump, not being showered, not having brushed teeth, &/or dirty home. I'd love to have you over now, but I'm too third world.
Man, she smells third world. |
5. | Third World | ||
Any country that owes rolls of money to the IMF and the World Bank. Inumerable
6. | Third World | ||
A term that refers to any "country" that exhibits several (if not all) of the following:
Sandy, hot, full of hate, few (if any) exploitable natural resources, massive election fraud, genocides, outbreaks of diseases you thought were eliminated through massive vaccination projects of the 1950s, and a general complete lack of any semblance of an infrastructure, dictatorships, peoples democratic republic of (insert name here) A nation does not have to begin in the third world (ie Zimbabwe) but it will usually stay there (ie the rest of them) the Third World breeds evil and is a drain on the rest of us
Includes... every African Nation excluding Egypt, South Africa, and possibly Tunisia includes every South East Asian country South America you can give or take |
7. | Third World | ||
Kick-ass reggae band out of Jamaica, their songs include "96 Degrees in the Shade" "Reggae Ambassador" and many more great tunes. "Third World?"
"Yeah, saw them in concert. Had me feeling irie." |


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May 23, 2013; Updated: 2:13 pm
May 23, 2013; Updated: 1:44 pm
Memorial Day weekend has arrived, and the region is honoring the people who died serving in the U.S. military with vigils, ceremonies and parades.
Pre-Memorial Day Candlelight Vigil - 8...
May 22, 2013; Updated: 4:33 pm
The Connecticut River Museum presents RiverFare 2013 from 5:30 to 9:30 p.m. on Wednesday, May 30. Attendees can sample signature dishes and drinks while perusing and bidding on gifts, services and entertainment experiences up for silent...
May 21, 2013; Updated: 4:59 pm
The New London County Historical Society and Garde Arts Center will host an appraisal event at the Garde Arts Center in the lobby of the Garde Theater at 6 p.m. Thursday, June 6. Experts specializing in antiques, jewelry, textiles, silver,...
May 20, 2013; Updated: 6:30 pm
Art on Groton Bank is seeking artists for its seventh annual outdoor art show scheduled for July 20 on the grounds of the Bill Memorial Library at 240 Monument St.
Each artist will receive a 10-by-10-foot space to present their works for a...
May 20, 2013; Updated: 6:30 pm
The Groton Public Library is seeking adults and teens to read to children and their families for its Sundown Storytime series, held at 6:30 p.m. Monday evenings, June 24 through July 29 at the library's Ann Bausch Memorial reading area.
May 19, 2013; Updated: 5:51 pm
The Westerly Historical Society and the Babcock-Smith House will host a workshop on Wednesday, May 22, from 7 to 9 p.m. at the Babcock-Smith House Carriage House, 124 Granite St., Westerly.
Participants will learn how to set up a family...
May 18, 2013; Updated: 11:54 pm
May 18, 2013; Updated: 5:25 pm
Teams are forming now for the 15th annual Ocean Beach Volleyball Tournament and Wish Family Picnic at Ocean Beach Park in New London on Sunday, June 2, at 9 a.m.
Co-ed volleyball teams from around the state will compete to raise funds to...
May 17, 2013; Updated: 5:33 pm
May 16, 2013; Updated: 2:23 pm
Bestselling crime novelist Dennis Lehane, whose latest book, "Live by Night," just won the prestigious Edgar Award for Best Novel, will read from and sign his work tonight in a presentation at the Groton Public Library.
According to...
May 16, 2013; Updated: 2:23 pm
Yeah, you had "The Great Gatsby" opening in 3-D last week, and you have the latest "Star Trek" opening in 3-D this week.
But your kids want 4-D? They need to head to Mystic Aquarium.
The youths will thrill, no doubt, at the prospect...
Have you ever spotted any celebrities around the region? Tell us who, where and when via email to email@example.com. Include photos if possible.


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Quantum® Canker Cover®
Quantum® Health
Canker Cover adheres to any mouth ulcer and becomes a clear, gel-like patch. One patch fully treats most sores.
Drug Facts:
Purpose: Oral Pain Reliever
Uses: For the relief of pain associated with canker sores or minor irritation or injury of the mouth and gums.
Active Ingredient: Menthol 2.5mg
Inactive Ingredients: Carbomer Homopolymer Type A, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Xylitol, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, Sillicon dioxide, Carnallite TM (mineral salt), Citrus oil, Annatto. No Sugar, glucose, gluten, lactose or preservatives. Less than 1 calorie.
Directions: (adults & children 5 years of age and older) Place the Canker Cover Patch on a clean, dry finger with the white side up. The sore should be dry (pat with tissue, if possible). Place the white side of the tablet on the sore and hold in place for 20 seconds. If sore is difficult to reach (in the fold between the cheek and gum or near the teeth or lip) break the patch along the score and use half. Some discomfort may occur during the first few minutes, but will quickly subside, followed by hours of soothing relief. Within 30 minutes the tablet expands into a clear, gel-like patch that seals and protects the sore for 8-12 hours before dissolving. Do not remove patch before it dissolves. In case of discomfort, the patch may be removed by gently peeling the tablet from the sides while washing with warm water. Avoid the use of any instrument to remove the patch. If needed, apply a second patch 24 hours after the first application. In most cases, just one patch is needed.
Warnings: Canker Cover should not be used on children under 5 years old without consulting a physician. If sore mouth symptoms do not improve in 7 days; if irritation pain or redness worsens; or if swelling, rash or fever develops, see your doctor or dentist. Consult your physician if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or taking prescription drugs. Keep this and all drugs out of the reach of children.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place.
You will be prompted with product specific questions when you click Add to Cart:
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BP civil settlement remains elusive as trial nears
NEW ORLEANS (AP) — The U.S. Justice Department and the five Gulf coast states affected by a massive oil spill nearly three years ago have indicated they would like to settle their environmental and economic claims with BP PLC ahead of a trial scheduled to start next week.
The problem is that they haven't been able to agree on the possible terms of such an agreement. Months of negotiations have failed to resolve lingering differences — not just with the London-based oil giant, but among themselves.
The Justice Department convened a meeting with Gulf Coast state officials in Washington late last week in an effort to hammer out an offer to resolve the outstanding civil claims, but an agreement wasn't reached, said a person familiar with the negotiations. The person spoke on condition of anonymity because the discussions were confidential.
Story Archived
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If you have any technical difficulties, either with your username and password or with the payment options, please contact us by e-mail at email@example.com


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2010 Spring Racing Carnival and Melbourne Cup
Friday, October 1st, 2010The Spring Racing Carnival is upon us. There's some great racing this weekend at Randwick starting with the Epsom Handicap. We have the Turnbull Stakes on Sunday at Flemington, an absolutely awesome race with more "big names" than The Expendables. Visit my favourite sites for everything you need to know this Spring Carnival:
2010 Spring Carnival Racing Guide:
- Caulfield Guineas - Date: 9th October 2010
- Caulfield Cup - Date: 16th October 2010
- Cox Plate - Date: 23rd October 2010
- Victoria Derby - Date: 30 October 2010
- Melbourne Cup - Date: 2nd November 2010
- Crown Oaks - Date: 4th November 2010
- Emirates Stakes - Date: 6th November 2010
Use these sites for all of the latest news, results, odds, final field, form guides etc.
Comment on this post


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Funeral services for Mr. Powell will commence on Saturday, Oct. 20, 2012 beginning at 2 p.m. Services will be held at All In The Word World International Ministries in Laurinburg. Apostle Lawrence Jackson III will officiate.
Visitation hours have been scheduled for Friday, Oct. 19, 2012 at Jacskon Funeral Home in Laurinburg from 2-6 p.m.
Mr. Powell is survived by three daughters: Patricia Scott and Catrice Powell of Columbus, Ohio and Renee Rosa Hoist, four sons: James Bostic of California, Johnny Bostic of Hamlet, Darrell Powell of Laurinburg, and Sean Hoist, and his brother Eddie Powell of New York
Arrangements by Jackson Funeral Home.


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Western Michigan University
Job Area: Brass
Job Title: Tuba/Euphonium
Rank: Asst. Professor
Serve as instructor of applied tuba and euphonium for both undergraduate and graduate students. Perform as part of the Western Brass Quintet. Maintain a record of performance and professional activities necessary for tenure. Recruitment and service appropriate for a university faculty member.
Doctorate required. (Masters degree with significant progress toward the doctorate or professional experience equivalent to doctoral work will be considered).Demonstrate excellence in, and commitment to, performance as both a solo and ensemble artist on the tuba. Demonstrated success as a teacher in both tuba and euphonium is required, preferably at the university level. Strong interpersonal, communication, and collaborative skills. Maintain an active career in his or her professionPossess strengths and interest in teaching other courses of the standard music curriculum. Possess experience and interests in teaching related supplementary areas such music technology, entrepreneurship, arts business, etc.
Start Date: August 2012
Application deadline: or until filled
Please apply on-line at www.wmich.edu/hr/careers-at-wmu.html. Your application will include: A cover letter highlighting qualifications, current curriculum vita, and three current letters of recommendation.
Please send 3 current letters of recommendation to: Electronically (Interfolio preferred): firstname.lastname@example.com OR by mail: David Colson, WMU School of Music, 1903 W Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5434.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Salary: Commensurate with qualifications and experience.


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Every blood drive is important because of its potential to save lives, but one Saturday at Grace Moravian Church in Mount Airy is taking on special significance due to Hurricane Sandy.
With this week's storm leading to the cancellation of more than 300 blood drives, supply problems have been noted by the American Red Cross. Nationwide, the cancellations translate into about 11,000 lost units of blood which would have been collected during those drives.
This has left the nation's blood-collection agency putting out the call to communities to help make up for the shortfall, caused by cancellations in East Coast states including North Carolina and Virginia.
"We had units expected to come in, but Sandy changed our plans," said Ginny Anderson of the Red Cross, who coordinates donor recruitment in Surry County.
That is where Saturday's blood drive at the Grace Moravian Church fellowship hall comes into play. The event, planned from 11 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., had already been scheduled before the hurricane struck.
However, Joe Dellinger, a spokesman for the drive, is putting out a special appeal for local residents to roll up their sleeves in light of the need posed by the storm.
An initial goal of 33 pints was set for Saturday's drive.
Red Cross officials say that while there's a need for blood and platelets in areas hardest-hit, there also are everyday requirements of hospital patients in all communities. Despite fewer drives being held allowing people to donate, those needs are continuing, they say.
To give blood, someone must be at least 17 years old, or 16 with parental consent, and meet height and weight requirements in addition to being in general good health.
Other Blood Drives
The Red Cross also has announced additional drives in the area next week, under this schedule:
• Sunday, noon-4:30 p.m., at Salem Fork Christian Church, 2245 White Dirt Road, Dobson.
• Monday, 1:30-6 p.m., at the Surry American Red Cross building, 844 Westlake Drive, Mount Airy.
• Monday, 2-7 p.m., at Central Middle School, 883 Zephyr Road, Dobson.
• Tuesday, 8 a.m.-1:30 p.m., East Surry High School, 801 W. Main St., Pilot Mountain.


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I grew up in a house where horoscopes were banned, and nonfiction was the genre of choice. So personality tests, and all the crunchy-hippie-granola-hooey that goes with them? Not up my alley.
One of the things that I think sucks most about adults is that we don't play make believe enough.
The famous personality test changed my perspective on the way people think.


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HealthWise KnowledgeBase
Acne develops most often on the face, neck, chest, shoulders, or back and can range from mild to severe. It can last for a few months, many years, or come and go your entire life.
Mild acne usually causes only Reference whiteheads and blackheads Opens New Window. At times, these may develop into an infection in the skin pore (Reference pimple Opens New Window).
Severe acne can produce hundreds of pimples that cover large areas of skin. Reference Cystic lesions Opens New Window are pimples that are large and deep. These lesions are often painful and can leave scars on your skin.
Acne can lead to low self-esteem and sometimes depression. These conditions need treatment along with the acne.
By: | Reference Healthwise Staff | Last Revised: Reference February 3, 2011 |
Medical Review: | Reference Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Reference Alexander H. Murray, MD, FRCPC - Dermatology |
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.


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3. | Destruction | ||
When you are beyond hammered and or shitfaced. Destruction usually results in either a blackout or an mip. Destruction also usually consists of the usage of weed to end the night. Person #1: How was last night? Last I saw, you ran naked into the diag.
Person #2: Absolute destruction. I can't remember anything. |
1. | Destruction | ||
Thrash metal band from Germany formed in 1982. Considered to be part of the unholy triumvirate of German thrash alongside Sodom and Kreator. Destruction are a very underrated thrash metal band.
2. | destruction | ||
What you are on the way to if someone takes all your base. See all your base are belong to us and Zero Wing for more. CATS: "All your base are belong to us."
"You are on the way to destruction." |
4. | Destruction | ||
Destruction: the skillful art of demolishing something
A great passtime "those dang kids gone destroyed the school again...burnt it right to the ground before anyone even noticed...nobody cares about school obviously..."
Aug 30, 2003
add a video
5. | Destruction | ||
Legendary thrash metal band from Germany. Featuring: Marcel "Schmier" Schirmer - Bass & Vocals, Mike Sifringer - Lead Guitar, and Marc Reign - Drums. Infernal overkill is a sikk album by Destruction.
6. | destruction | ||
Depends on what end of the pen you're looking at it from I recently dreamed that the ghost of a woman who used to live in my apartment visited my bedside. She told me her name was Marguerite. She proceeded to ask me about my life as she rifled through my belongings. "What are you looking for?" I asked. "My destruction," she said. I asked her to define "destruction." She smirked. "It depends on what end of the pen you're looking at it from."
7. | Destruction | ||
The act of having vigorous, non-commital, sexual relationships with a woman that is too hot not to do so with. "dude, I wanna destroy Samantha so bad! LOOK AT HER MAN!"
"I destroyed michelle last night, it was the first act of destruction i've committed in awhile" |


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Regional University North Rankings
Regional University North Methodology
Regional Universities offer a full range of undergrad programs and some master's programs but few doctoral programs. Regional Universities include Villanova University, The Citadel, Butler University, and Gonzaga University.
These rankings are split into 4 regions: North, South, Midwest, and West.
Villanova, PA
Founded in 1842, Villanova University is a private institution. Villanova University follows a semester-based academic calendar and its admissions are considered more selective.
Fairfield, CT
Located on the Connecticut shoreline, Fairfield University is a private, Jesuit institution. Fairfield encourages students to explore the arts by bringing numerous performers to campus each year.
Baltimore, MD
Loyola University Maryland was established in 1852 as a private institution. Loyola University Maryland follows a semester-based academic calendar and its admissions are considered more selective.
Waltham, MA
A private institution, Bentley University was founded in 1917. Bentley University offers a Greek system, where 14.0 percent of the student body is involved in a sorority and 10.0 percent is involved in a fraternity.
Providence, RI
Providence College has a total undergraduate enrollment of 3,852, with a gender distribution of 42.5 percent male students and 57.5 percent female students. At this school, 78.0 percent of the students live in college-owned, -operated, or -affiliated housing and 22.0 percent of students live off campus.
- In-state tuition and fees:
- $14,378 (2012-13)
- Out-of-state tuition and fees:
- $24,530 (2012-13)
- Enrollment:
- 6,504
- Setting:
- suburban
Ewing, NJ
The College of New Jersey, also known as TCNJ, is a selective, public school with many campus groups and activities for students to try. Home to theaters and an educational television station, TCNJ also hosts more than 150 student organizations and numerous recreational and competitive sports teams.
Rochester, NY
The Rochester Institute of Technology emphasizes co-op experiences in many of its academic programs. Students may also complete accelerated degree programs to earn both a bachelor's and a master's degree.
Poughkeepsie, NY
A private school on the Hudson River in N.Y., Marist College offers students unique opportunities through its partnership with technology giant IBM. Students and staff often work with IBM to explore innovative technologies, and together, created the website for Marist's library.
Philadelphia, PA
A private institution, St. Joseph's University was founded in 1851. St. Joseph's University offers a Greek system, where 16.0 percent of the student body is involved in a sorority and 7.7 percent is involved in a fraternity.
Ithaca, NY
Located within the Finger Lakes of New York State, Ithaca College is a private institution that offers many opportunities for students to volunteer. Ithaca students can help fight hunger through the Food for Thought program, explore more than 200 student organizations, or play a varsity sport.


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- Price
- Size
- Comfort
Regular Price: $579.00
Sale Price: $479.00
Express Local Delivery Available
Serta Apple Valley: Full
The Apple Valley memory foam mattress is a high-quality mattress that uses visco elastic memory foam that reacts to your body's temperature to form to your body's contours giving you the support you need for a restful night's sleep. This Serta mattress features 3-lbs of memory foam in the top 2'' of the mattress for an ultra soft feel.
Available In:


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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Merry Christmas and a safe Happy New Year
Congrats on 992K + points
Good comment about $50 oil and $1,200 gold today. That is a great avatar picture. Merry Christmas to you and yours. Your buddy, Warren :-)
You're up late!
The military and NASA have done a good job in developing fuel cell technology, now we need better and cheaper processes for generating hydrogen and the infrastructure for distribution. Good article on Army TACOM's new energy labs today.
I continue to hear the mantra, Drill! Drill! Drill! What impact will this have on our children's children wells and environment, Grandpadon28110?
Wishing you and your family a Safe, Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. May your stocking be full of lower gas prices!!!!
Lets make the biggest chain whiteboard message. Sign your name on my whiteboard.
Gas Buddy is that you. Your real gas buddy from Salisbury. You got it. Hint. My son is your Alstate representive. Lets be friends.
Congrads on posting for 90 + days. Wanna be buddies?


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The purpose of art is to express the same old universal things but in a refreshing or original way.
Perhaps it an old repeated idea but I made it up too. Believe it or not it is not that obvious to the general public judging by the proliferation of BaDart around with expensive price-tags
© 2013 Atheist Nexus. All rights reserved. Admin: Richard Haynes.


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Diabetes HealthSense
Resources for living well
This booklet has tips for men for getting on track with healthy habits, including eating smart and getting fit.
Weight-Control Information Network (WIN)
This application for the iPhone and iPad provides users with instant access to diabetes nutrition facts for making healthy eating choices.
Go Meals
This booklet shares ways for kids and parents to develop a heart-healthy lifestyle as a family.
WellPoint Foundation
This nutrition and activity guide for parents has colorful pages filled with tips for teaching children about the importance of proper diet and regular physical activity, and to form healthy habits early on. En español
WellPoint Foundation
This website for kids tells you cool stuff about how your body works, how eating right helps you play better and feel good, and how staying active is lots of fun! En español
This in-person program aims to fight the childhood obesity epidemic by fostering an environment where kids know it's hip to be healthy. Nutrition and physical activity is at the root of each program, helping to build healthy bodies and healthy hearts.
Let's Go! is a nationally recognized childhood obesity prevention program that works to increase physical activity and healthy eating for children from birth to 18 through policy and environmental changes.
Barbara Bush Children's Hospital
This interactive learning program helps you plan a healthful diet using nutrition labels while managing calorie intake.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
This school- and community-based fitness program teaches kids to live an active and healthy lifestyle by running or walking 26.2 miles over six months, eating healthy food daily, and even learning to grow fruits and veggies. Available in select cities.
Marathon Kids
This meal planning curriculum is for people living with diabetes and their support persons. The curriculum incorporates participatory nutrition education, food preparation activities, and tasting of foods. En español
Oregon Diabetes Program
Filter Results
Help Me
- Eat healthy Remove
- I Am A Select one:
- Age Select one:
- Type of Resource Select one:
- Language Select one:


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i got in on april 17 after long bus ride from michigan and i got to check in early i stayed till april 22 and they up graded my room to pool side so my girls would be close to the pool the staff and help where very nice and ill be staying there evertime i go to florida .... More
- Also Known As:
- Fort Myers Howard Johnson
- Howard Johnson Fort Myers
- Red Roof Inn Fort Myers Florida
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Ft. Myers is home to so many attractions! Red Roof Ft. Myers is close to the historic winter residences of Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, both among the nation's top 10 historic homes. Relax at our white sand beaches nearby—Sanibel Island, Bonita Beach, Lover's Key, and the Barrier Islands. For fun for the whole family, go to the Imaginarium Science Museum, which features more than 60 interactive exhibits. To really relax, enjoy fishing, waterskiing, sightseeing and eco-tours along the banks of the beautiful Caloosahatchee River. Conveniently located off of Hwy 41, Red Roof Ft. Myers is close to over 10 nearby restaurants. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Hotels.com, Booking.com, Priceline, Red Roof Inn, Venere, EasyToBook, Cheap Tickets and Tingo so you can book your Red Roof Inn Fort Myers reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Rep I totally agree with your statement. It was well-founded and backed up by the manga apparently.
|5| Excellent
|4| Good
|3| Average
|2| Bad
|1| Terrible
Rep I totally agree with your statement. It was well-founded and backed up by the manga apparently.
I am not perfect and I defy you to prove otherwise
Growing Old Gracefully is an Oxymoron ... Mostly Moron !
The old man is awesome when he is out in bleach! Powerful, hope the shimigami can have some break through in the fights!
Wasn't yamimoto's zanpakutou sealed by that kid? I just finished reading the last ~200 chapters to catch up, and I don't remember hearing anything about the old fart getting his zanpakutou back.
Ryujin jakka's flame not the entire zanpaktou....plus at the end it was released from wonderweiss because yamamoto broke him to pieces thus rujin jakka's flame was freed destroying most part of karakura and if not for yamamoto shielding its release could have destroyed an area several times the size of karakura
He Who Speaks Without An Attentive Ear Is Mute.
Originally Posted by halaros536
shut up you weakling!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! you are just angry because i didnt let you became my SERVANT!!!!!! but icould not accept that because you are too weak to be my servant sorry
yeah ,yamamoto is awesome ,but why ichigo still can't break .i wish he will be out in bleach 505


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DC Business and Government Contract Law Expertise
Inflated government spending and increased federal regulations can leave even the most experienced professionals confused as to how they should be operating. Navigating this thicket of red tape and rules unguided can lead to financial and legal disaster. That's why the attorneys of Frias & Daisy Law offer affordable consultation to consumers in need of guidance when it comes to corporate and government law in the DC metro area.
Specializing in business and corporate law, Frias & Daisy Law offers full-spectrum legal services for small businesses as well as corporations. From providing consultation on incorporation to crafting corporate financial strategy and overseeing contractual agreements, the experienced legal team of Frias & Daisy Law makes sure your business is operating correctly.
Frias & Daisy Law serves the Federal sector as well, providing contracting law services to both federal agencies as well as private companies that do business with the federal government. They have on staff a TS/SCI w/CI Poly cleared individual to ease communications and data gathering for all parties. Additionally, Frias & Daisy Law staff offer services geared toward government compliance law and investigation issues, including SEC and DOJ investigations.
Learn more about Frias & Daisy Law's DC business and government contracting law services, for clients around the entire DC metropolitan area including Northern Virginia and Maryland.