text:
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease | |
Classification and external resources | |
Micrograph of a heart with fibrosis (yellow) and amyloidosis (brown). Movat's stain. |
DiseasesDB | 28808 |
MeSH | D002318 |
Cardiovascular disease (also called heart disease) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins).[1]
Cardiovascular disease refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, principally cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral arterial disease.[2] The causes of cardiovascular disease are diverse but atherosclerosis and/or hypertension are the most common. Additionally, with aging come a number of physiological and morphological changes that alter cardiovascular function and lead to subsequently increased risk of cardiovascular disease, even in healthy asymptomatic individuals.[3]
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, though since the 1970s, cardiovascular mortality rates have declined in many high-income countries.[4] At the same time, cardiovascular deaths and disease have increased at a fast rate in low- and middle-income countries.[5] Although cardiovascular disease usually affects older adults, the antecedents of cardiovascular disease, notably atherosclerosis, begin in early life, making primary prevention efforts necessary from childhood.[6] There is therefore increased emphasis on preventing atherosclerosis by modifying risk factors, such as healthy eating, exercise, and avoidance of smoking.
Contents |
- Coronary heart disease (also ischaemic heart disease or coronary artery disease)
- Cardiomyopathy - diseases of cardiac muscle
- Hypertensive heart disease - diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure
- Heart failure
- Cor pulmonale - a failure of the right side of the heart
- Cardiac dysrhythmias - abnormalities of heart rhythm
- Inflammatory heart disease
- Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The structures most commonly involved are the heart valves.
- Inflammatory cardiomegaly
- Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart.
- Valvular heart disease
- Cerebrovascular disease - disease of blood vessels that supplies to the brain such as stroke
- Peripheral arterial disease - disease of blood vessels that supplies to the arms and legs
- Congenital heart disease - heart structure malformations existing at birth
- Rheumatic heart disease - heart muscles and valves damage due to rheumatic fever caused by streptococcal bacteria infections
Risk factors[edit]
Epidemiology suggests a number of risk factors for heart disease: age, gender, high blood pressure, high serum cholesterol levels, tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, psychosocial factors, diabetes mellitus, air pollution.[2] While the individual contribution of each risk factor varies between different communities or ethnic groups the consistency of the overall contribution of these risk factors to epidemiological studies is remarkably strong.[8] Some of these risk factors, such as age, gender or family history, are immutable; however, many important cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable by lifestyle change, drug treatment or social change.
Age is an important risk factor in developing cardiovascular diseases. It is estimated that 87 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 60 and older.[9] At the same time, the risk of stroke doubles every decade after age 55.[10]
Multiple explanations have been proposed to explain why age increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. One of them is related to serum cholesterol level.[11] In most populations, the serum total cholesterol level increases as age increases. In men, this increase levels off around age 45 to 50 years. In women, the increase continues sharply until age 60 to 65 years.[11]
Aging is also associated with changes in the mechanical and structural properties of the vascular wall, which leads to the loss of arterial elasticity and reduced arterial compliance and may subsequently lead to coronary artery disease.[12]
Men are at greater risk of heart disease than pre-menopausal women.[13] However, once past menopause, a woman's risk is similar to a man's.[13]
Among middle-aged people, coronary heart disease is 2 to 5 times more common in men than in women.[11] In a study done by the World Health Organization, sex contributes to approximately 40% of the variation in the sex ratios of coronary heart disease mortality.[14] Another study reports similar results that gender difference explains nearly half of the risk associated with cardiovascular diseases[11] One of the proposed explanations for the gender difference in cardiovascular disease is hormonal difference.[11] Among women, estrogen is the predominant sex hormone. Estrogen may have protective effects through glucose metabolism and hemostatic system, and it may have a direct effect on improving endothelial cell function.[11] The production of estrogen decreases after menopause, and may change the female lipid metabolism toward a more atherogenic form by decreasing the HDL cholesterol level and by increasing LDL and total cholesterol levels.[11] Women who have experienced early menopause, either naturally or because they have had a hysterectomy, are twice as likely to develop heart disease as women of the same age group who have not yet gone through menopause.[citation needed]
Among men and women, there are differences in body weight, height, body fat distribution, heart rate, stroke volume, and arterial compliance.[12] In the very elderly, age related large artery pulsatility and stiffness is more pronounced in women.[12] This may be caused by the smaller body size and arterial dimensions independent of menopause.[12]
Air pollution[edit]
Particulate matter has been studied for its short- and long-term exposure effects on cardiovascular disease. Currently, PM2.5 is the major focus, in which gradients are used to determine CVD risk. For every 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 long-term exposure, there was an estimated 8-18% CVD mortality risk.[15] Women had a higher relative risk (RR) (1.42) for PM2.5 induced coronary artery disease than men (0.90) did.[15] Overall, long-term PM exposure increased rate of atherosclerosis and inflammation. In regards to short-term exposure (2 hours), every 25 μg/m3 of PM2.5 resulted in a 48% increase of CVD mortality risk.[16] Additionally, after only 5 days of exposure, a rise in systolic (2.8 mmHg) and diastolic (2.7 mmHg) blood pressure occurred for every 10.5 μg/m3 of PM2.5.[16] Other research has implicated PM2.5 in irregular heart rhythm, reduced heart rate variability (decreased vagal tone), and most notably heart failure.[16][17] PM2.5 is also linked to carotid artery thickening and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction.[16][17]
Population based studies show that atherosclerosis the major precursor of cardiovascular disease begins in childhood. The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth Study demonstrated that intimal lesions appear in all the aortas and more than half of the right coronary arteries of youths aged 7–9 years.[18]
This is extremely important considering that 1 in 3 people will die from complications attributable to atherosclerosis. In order to stem the tide education and awareness that cardiovascular disease poses the greatest threat and measures to prevent or reverse this disease must be taken.
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are often linked to cardiovascular disease,[19] as are a history of chronic kidney disease and hypercholesterolaemia.[20] In fact, cardiovascular disease is the most life threatening of the diabetic complications and diabetics are two- to four-fold more likely to die of cardiovascular-related causes than nondiabetics.[21][22][23]
Screening ECGs (either at rest or with exercise) are not recommended in those without symptoms who are at low risk.[24] In those at higher risk the evidence for screening with ECGs is inconclusive.[24]
Some biomarkers may add to conventional cardiovascular risk factors in predicting the risk of future cardiovascular disease; however, the clinical value of some biomarkers is still questionable.[25][26] Currently, biomarkers which may reflect a higher risk of cardiovascular disease include:
- Coronary artery calcification
- Carotid intima-media thickness
- Carotid total plaque area [27]
- Higher fibrinogen and PAI-1 blood concentrations
- Elevated homocysteine
- Elevated blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine
- Inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein
- Elevated blood levels of brain natriuretic peptide (also known as B-type) (BNP)[28]
Currently practiced measures to prevent cardiovascular disease include:
- A low-fat, high-fiber diet including whole grains and plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables (at least five portions a day)[29][30]
- Tobacco cessation and avoidance of second-hand smoke;[29]
- Limit alcohol consumption to the recommended daily limits;[29] consumption of 1-2 standard alcoholic drinks per day may reduce risk by 30%[31][32] However excessive alcohol intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.[33]
- Lower blood pressures, if elevated, through the use of antihypertensive medications[citation needed];
- Decrease body fat (BMI) if overweight or obese;[34]
- Increase daily activity to 30 minutes of vigorous exercise per day at least five times per week;[29]
- Decrease psychosocial stress.[35] Stress however plays a relatively minor role in hypertension.[36] Specific relaxation therapies are not supported by the evidence.[37]
Routine counselling of adults to advise them to improve their diet and increase their physical activity has not been found to significantly alter behaviour, and thus is not recommended.[38]
Evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular outcomes.[39] This may be by "about 30 percent" in those at high risk.[40] In clinical trials the DASH diet (high in nuts, fish, fruits and vegetables, and low in sweets, red meat and fat) has been shown to reduce blood pressure,[41] lower total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [42] and improve metabolic syndrome;[43] but the long term benefits outside the context of a clinical trial have been questioned.[44]
Total fat intake does not appear to be an important risk factor.[45] A diet high in trans fatty acids however does appear to increase rates of cardiovascular disease.[46][45]
Worldwide, dietary guidelines recommend a reduction in saturated fat.[47] There however is some questions around the effect of saturated fat on cardiovascular disease in the medical literature.[48][49] A 2012 Cochrane review found suggestive evidence of a small benefit from replacing dietary saturated fat by unsaturated fat.[50] A 2013 meta analysis concludes that substitution with omega 6 linoleic acid (a type of unsaturated fat) may increase cardiovascular risk.[47] Replacement of saturated fats with carbohydrates does not change or may increase risk.[51][52] Benefits from replacement with polyunsaturated fat appears greatest[45][53] however supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (a type of polysaturated fat) does not appear have an effect.[54]
The effect of a low salt diet is unclear with any benefit in either hypertensive or normal tensive people being small if present.[55] A low salt diet may be harmful in those with congestive heart failure.[55]
While a healthy diet is beneficial, the effect of antioxidant supplementation (vitamin E, vitamin C, etc.) or vitamins generally has not been shown to improve protection against cardiovascular disease and in some cases may possibly result in harm.[56][57] Niacin, a type of vitamin B3, may be an exception with a modest decrease in the risk of cardiovascular events in those at high risk.[58][59] Magnesium supplementation lowers high blood pressure in a dose dependent manner.[60] Magnesium therapy is recommended for patients with ventricular arrhythmia associated with torsade de pointes who present with long QT syndrome as well as for the treatment of patients with digoxin intoxication-induced arrhythmias.[61] Results from an observational study conducted in the general Japanese population demonstrated that lower serum magnesium levels were associated with a greater average intima-media thickness and the risk of at least two carotid plaques.[62] Evidence to support omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is lacking.[63]
Aspirin has not been found to be of benefit overall in those at low risk of heart disease as the risk of serious bleeding is equal to the benefit with respect to cardiovascular problems.[64] Statins are effective in preventing further cardiovascular disease in those with a history of cardiovascular disease.[65] A decreased risk of death and strokes however seems to only occur in men.[65] In those without cardiovascular disease but risk factors statins appear to also be beneficial with a decrease in mortality and further heart disease.[66]
Cardiovascular disease is treatable with initial treatment primarily focused on diet and lifestyle interventions.[67][68][69]
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. In 2008, 30% of all global death is attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Death caused by cardiovascular diseases are also higher in low and middle-income countries as over 80% of all global death caused by cardiovascular diseases occurred in those countries. It is also estimated that by 2030, over 23 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases annually.
The first studies on cardiovascular health were performed in 1949 by Jerry Morris using occupational health data and were published in 1958.[71] The causes, prevention, and/or treatment of all forms of cardiovascular disease remain active fields of biomedical research, with hundreds of scientific studies being published on a weekly basis. A trend has emerged, particularly in the early 2000s, in which numerous studies have revealed a link between fast food and an increase in heart disease. These studies include those conducted by the Ryan Mackey Memorial Research Institute, Harvard University and the Sydney Center for Cardiovascular Health. Many major fast food chains, particularly McDonald's, have protested the methods used in these studies and have responded with healthier menu options.
A fairly recent emphasis is on the link between low-grade inflammation that hallmarks atherosclerosis and its possible interventions. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a common inflammatory marker that has been found to be present in increased levels in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease.[72] Also osteoprotegerin which involved with regulation of a key inflammatory transcription factor called NF-κB has been found to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease and mortality.[73][74]
Some areas currently being researched include possible links between infection with Chlamydophila pneumoniae (a major cause of pneumonia) and coronary artery disease. The Chlamydia link has become less plausible with the absence of improvement after antibiotic use.[75]
Several research also investigated the benefits of melatonin on cardiovascular diseases prevention and cure. Melatonin is a pineal gland secretion and it is shown to be able to lower total cholesterol, very low density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood plasma of rats. Reduction of blood pressure is also observed when pharmacological doses are applied. Thus, it is deemed to be a plausible treatment for hypertension. However, further research needs to be conducted to investigate the side effects, optimal dosage and etc. before it can be licensed for use.[76]
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- ^ Ornish, D., Scherwitz, L. W., Doody, R. S., Kesten, D., McLanahan, S. M., Brown, S. E. "et al." (1983). "Effects of stress management training and dietary changes in treating ischemic heart disease". JAMA 249 (54): 54. doi:10.1001/jama.249.1.54. PMID 6336794.
- ^ Ornish, D., Scherwitz, L. W., Billings, J. H., Brown, S. E., Gould, K. L., Merritt, T. A. "et al." (1998). "Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease". JAMA 280 (23): 2001–7. doi:10.1001/jama.280.23.2001. PMID 9863851.
- ^ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2009.
- ^ Morris J. N., Crawford Margaret D. (1958). "Coronary Heart Disease and Physical Activity of Work". British Medical Journal 2 (5111): 1485–1496. PMC 2027542. PMID 13608027.
- ^ Karakas M, Koenig W (December 2009). "CRP in cardiovascular disease". Herz 34 (8): 607–13. doi:10.1007/s00059-009-3305-7. PMID 20024640.
- ^ 20448212
- ^ Venuraju SM, Yerramasu A, Corder R, Lahiri A (May 2010). "Osteoprotegerin as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55 (19): 2049–61. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.013. PMID 20447527.
- ^ Andraws R, Berger JS, Brown DL (Jun 2005). "Effects of antibiotic therapy on outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". JAMA 293 (21): 2641–7. doi:10.1001/jama.293.21.2641. PMID 15928286.
- ^ Dominguez-Rodriguez, Alberto (January 2012). "Melatonin and Cardiovascular Disease: Myth or Reality?". Rev Esp Cardiol 65: 215–218.
External links[edit]
- Cardiovascular disease at the Open Directory Project
- European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)


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Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund Announces 2012 Grant Recipients
The Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund (DWCF) released its 2012 annual grants, awarding more than $1.8 million to 75 conservation projects around the globe including $130,000 to Florida based projects.
Since its beginnings in 1995 DWCF has donated nearly $4 million benefiting 257 programs from 59 organizations in Florida. This year, six projects supporting the conservation of Florida wildlife were selected, including:
- The Sea Turtle Conservancy
- The University of Florida
- Marine Resources Council of East Florida
- The Wildlife Foundation of Florida
- The Coral Restoration Foundation
- The Ecostudies Institute
Disneys commitment to protect the planet and help create connections between kids and nature around the world in 40 countries is amazing, said Dr. Beth Stevens, Senior Vice President, Disney Corporate Citizenship, Environment & Conservation. We are grateful to the many scientists, educators and community conservationists who devote their lives to conservation and are very proud to work with our guests, fans, employees and cast members to help ensure a better future for our planet.
Through its grants program, DWCF is helping to preserve habitats, protect endangered species, foster kids connections to nature and ensure future generations can enjoy wildlife and wild places.
Highlights of the six Florida-based projects include:
- The Coral Restoration Foundation has developed a project dedicated to restoring coral reefs in the Florida Keys through an offshore nursery.
- The Sea Turtle Conservancy combines educational workshops with hands-on activities, to encourage awareness of a vital sea turtle nesting site located on Floridas East Coast.
- The Ecostudies Institute has designed a program to raise awareness about the ecosystems in South Florida and promote the conservation of the Mangrove Cuckoo, a species whose populations have shrunk by up to 95% in recent years.
- The Wildlife Foundation of Florida explores water temperatures in Florida to determine the best habitat-rebuilding sight to promote manatee recovery.
Globally, DWCF has awarded $20 million to support conservation programs in 112 countries on six continents since 1995. For a complete list of grant recipients and to view The Walt Disney Companys most recent Conservation Report, visit www.disney.com/conservation
If ever there is a tomorrow when we're not together.......
there is something you must always remember.
You are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, and smarter than you think.
But the most important thing is, even if we're apart...... I'll always be with you.
Winne the Pooh - A A Milne
A friend is a hand that is always holding yours,
no matter how close or far apart you may be.
A friend is someone who is always there and will always, always care.
A friend is a feeling of forever in the heart.
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Comments about Duracell� Alkaline AAA Batteries; 16-Pack:
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LAKE WYLIE Denver Marine Monster Bass Invitational Winter Trail Series on Lake Wylie began Nov. 10.
With eight tournaments in all the next event is Saturday, Nov. 24. Launch at 8 a.m. and weigh-in at 3 p.m. Buster Boyd Access Area. Other dates are Dec. 1, Dec. 22, Jan. 5, Jan. 12, Jan. 19 and Jan. 26. The fish off Feb. 2 is a guaranteed $5,000 payouts with a field of 75.
Cost is $100 entry fee for each tournament, plus $30 membership fee and $10 optional big fish pot. For more information, call 704-483-2628.
Catfish Club tourney continues
The Catawba Catfish Club's 2012-13 tournaments schedule continues:
• Dec. 8, Lake Wateree, Lake Wateree State Park
• Jan. 5, Lake Wylie, Buster Boyd Access Area
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March 2, Fishing Creek Reservoir, Hwy. 21 Access
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• Championship event for Catawba Catfish Club, May 4-5, Lake Wylie, Ebenezer Park
For more information, visit catawbacatfishclub.com.
Boat parade is close
LAKE WYLIE The 24th annual "Lights on the Lake" Holiday Boat Parade will be Dec. 15 on Lake Wylie.
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Registration forms and more information are available by calling 803-831-2827, emailing firstname.lastname@example.com or visiting lakewyliesc.com.
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Personally speaking, I've learned to be wary of reviews where the golfer is euphoric about the item in question immediately after the purchase or first driving range/launch monitor session. I call that the "honeymoon phase", and I admit to writing a review like that in the past as well. A few months ago, I purchased the TM Burner 2.0 irons and was totally blown away with the increased yardages gained. However as I took those irons to several courses over the summer, I realized that distance meant little if all of the shots veered left of the target. Initially I though it was simply a by-product of my adjusting from nike blades, but the draw bias was so severe that working the ball anywhere but left was near impossible. I purchased the Nike VR-S irons after the price drop and took them to the course the same afternoon. What I noticed was the VR-S were just as long as the Burners, but ten times more accurate. I've been playing these VR-S irons for the past six weeks and more than 15 rounds/tournaments now, and I can work the ball left, right, or straight again. There was no way I could say that about the Burners, and no, I did not change anything with my swing to accomplish that workability. My only gripe is the grips should have had some sort of alignment aid on them for this class of club, but that is an easy fix. Oh I do need to mention that (like the burners), the shafts are marginally longer than standard, so you will need to have some "alone" time with them to become truly efficient with them. I can assure you that once you've done that, you will cherish the day you put these quality irons in your bag.
Bought these irons a few days ago. I purchased the 4-PW,AW set with stiff, steel shafts. Said they were in VERY GOOD condition and they meant it, the clubs are in great shape. The minute I held these irons in my hand they just felt so much better than the irons I had before. I played a round with them and every shot I hit was true to the club and only went left or right of the target because of me being misaligned. They just put the ball into the air so easily and fly on a great trajectory. I am a mid handicapper and will be making my way to low handicapper with the help of these clubs... BUY THEM
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About G.O.E.D | Governor Herbert | For Media | Business in Utah | Contact Us
Utah Governor's Office of Economic Development
Utah—Life Elevated
Governor's Summit
Audio recordings:
- Morning Session 91min 86mb Spencer P. Eccles, Natalie Gochnour, Larry Andreini
- Afternoon Session 51min 49mb Spencer P. Eccles, Scott Anderson, Governor Gary R. Herbert
- Breakout Session 58min 54mb Paul S. Edwards, Matthew S. Holland, Randy Shumway
Video recordings:
- Morning Session Spencer P. Eccles, Natalie Gochnour, Larry Andreini
- Afternoon Session Spencer P. Eccles, Scott Anderson, Governor Gary R. Herbert
- Breakout Session Paul S. Edwards, Matthew S. Holland, Randy Shumway
On behalf of the Governor's Office of Economic Development, we are proud to present the annual Governor's Utah Economic Summit. It will be held again at the Grand America Hotel on Thursday, April 11, 2013. The Summit is designed to enhance Utah business in the local, national and global marketplace by providing in-depth analysis on economic development, policy and growth as a path for executives to lead their companies to exponential growth.
The annual Governor's Utah Economic Summit provides business leaders and decision-makers from the business, government and academic communities the opportunity to learn more about strategic opportunities and challenges facing businesses today. Governor Gary Herbert will keynote the summit.
Individual presenters and panels of knowledgeable state and national experts of business innovation, law, entrepreneurship, economic development, global expansion, energy, real estate, political process, economics and more will be conducting specialized breakout sessions in multiple tracks throughout the day.
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Other PressPSNI (Police Service of Northern Ireland) target éirígí members in clampdown on G8 opposition 17:50 Jun 13 0 comments Secuestrado, torturado y asesinado el joven campesino Heriberto Rivera Catalán, en Montes de María 07:30 Jun 02 0 comments Colombia: Heridos, detenidos y un desaparecido durante protestas en la zona bananera 06:05 Jun 01 0 comments Persecución y detención arbitraria a miembros de ASCAP, filial de Fensuagro-CUT 22:25 May 30 0 comments ¿LA EMERGENCIA CARCELARIA UNA VICTORIA DEL MOVIMIENTO NACIONAL CARCELARIO? 22:07 May 30 0 comments more >> |
Recent articles by Larry Gambone
Anarquismo y Gobiernos Radicales 0 comments Principled Bakuninism 10 comments Le associazioni di quartiere un'esperienza personale 0 comments Recent Articles about North America / Mexico Repression / prisonersNO a la desaparición forzada en México Jun 11 13 México DF: Mitin por la presentación con vida de Teodulfo Torres, El ... May 23 13 En el Día del Maestro, exigen libertad a Alberto Patishtán, 'un maestr... May 23 13 Police State Tactics at Toronto G8 -20
north america / mexico |
repression / prisoners |
opinion / analysis
Tuesday July 06, 2010 18:43 by Larry Gambone
Why the state over-reacted is now being debated. Many people figure they deliberately let the black bloc run free as a rationalization for the billion squandered on security. An equal number believe the violence was a warning of what to expect if people react against the coming government cut-backs, the so-called austerity program to destroy workers living standards. Others think that the government does not have such a fine tuned level of control and the police simply went berserk, venting their hatred against those who do not share their anti-democratic sentiments. The majority of the population opposed spending a billion dollars on so-called security. Torontonians were angry in having their down town turned into an armed camp. Saturday June 26. saw a demonstration with an estimated 30,000 participants. Trade unionists, Indigenous activists, poverty, women's and environmental groups were there. After a nonviolent march, a black block of 50 to 100 in number broke away and began smashing the windows of corporate businesses. The police abandoned four cruisers in their path and these cars were soon in flames. A journalist followed the Black Bloc for almost an hour and a half and the police did not intervene against them. When the police did act, it was against the peaceful demonstrators in the assigned protest area. Close to a thousand people were arrested in the course of two days of demonstrations. This was the largest mass arrest in Canadian history. People were beaten, trampled by horses, and six journalists were assaulted, one of whom was with the Manchester Guardian. The arrested were held in a make-shift jail and were held for 35 hours without food, denied water and the right to make a phone call. Quebecois, gay and minority people were targeted for special abuse. Some young women had to endure a cavity search and were threatened with rape. Saturday night the police invaded houses and people were carted away. In the meantime, the mass media only showed the images of the burning cop cars and black blockers smashing windows. They mentioned nothing about the hundreds of victimized protesters. So-called pundits ranted hypocritically about violent criminals and the need to suppress them. It looked as though the black block action totally discredited the movement in opposition to the G8-20 summit, or at least that was the media's spin on the event. Twenty four hours later the picture began to look somewhat different. The brutal and irrational over-reaction on the part of the state could no longer be ignored. Videos showed the police assaulting journalists and demonstrators. As people were released, the conditions in the jail were made public through the social and alternative media. Ordinary people begin to turn their anger against the authorities. The comments section on the CBC reports of the later G8-20 actions ran ten-to one against the police and the Harper government. Many people suspected a set-up. An organized response was not long in coming. Demonstrations occurred in half a dozen cities. Musicians, politicians and a host of academics, as well as Amnesty International and the Civil Liberties Association denounced the government's action. What's more, the labour movement got on board. The Canadian Labour Congress and individual trade unions as well, demanded an inquiry into the government and the police actions. By attacking, brutalizing and arresting peaceful protesters the government has succeeded in uniting labour, the radical left, academia and the social movements, when their goal had been to sow division among these groups. They have also radicalized thousands of people, for all talk of liberal democracy and Canada is different will seem utter hypocrisy to the victims, their families and friends. Had they simply rounded up the black blockers, few would care. The government seemingly snatched defeat from the jaws of victory. Why the state over-reacted is now being debated. Many people figure they deliberately let the black bloc run free as a rationalization for the billion squandered on security. An equal number believe the violence was a warning of what to expect if people react against the coming government cut-backs, the so-called austerity program to destroy workers living standards. Others think that the government does not have such a fine tuned level of control and the police simply went berserk, venting their hatred against those who do not share their anti-democratic sentiments. One should not let fear run away with us. The police attacked the community activist sector of the march. They did not attack the trade union section, and the reason for this is that they fear unionized workers. If they get the organized work force really angry they will do more that break a few windows, and the cops know this. Whatever the reasons behind the attacks, Saturday, June 26th marks a new stage in the development of a mass anti-capitalist, anti-authoritarian movement in Canada. Comments (1 of 1)
by gsmonks - musician Sun Aug 01, 2010 14:29 gsmonks at gmail dot com Box 22, Spalding, Saskatchewan, S0K 4C0 1 306 872 4309
The problem with amassing a huge number of police in one place is that their mentality often deteriorates, as in the case of the G8 summit in Toronto. Safety in numbers allowed them to turn into a gang of swaggering goons. 'Roid rage may well be part of the problem, as far too many cops are into steroids, but they too are subject to mob mentality. For their part, they were, and remain, blissfully oblivious to the fact. |
Front pageLutar Contra o Aumento da Tarifa Pela Força e Vontade das Ruas! Les assassins de Clément Méric devront répondre de leur crime Lo que faltaba: macartismo indigenista Chile: El Frente de Estudiantes Libertarios (FEL) cumple 10 años Clasa muncitoare din România: țintă sigură în bătaia puştii capitalismului 10 years of the Balkan Anarchist Bookfair i-ANC Ikhumula Isifihla Buso Sayo! Kubulewe Abasebenzi! Mayday. Remembering the past, fighting for tomorrow Brazilian anarchism interview on the Crisis, World Cup, Especifismo La revolución bolivariana en la encrucijada Mobilizações contra o Aumento do Transporte em Porto Alegre, Brasil La conquête du pain, un enjeu d'actualité ! Habemus Papam: Aquel que esté libre de pecado que arroje la primera piedra 8 marzo: Dopo gli anni delle veline, gli anni della vittima Reflexiones libertarias sobre la muerte de Hugo Chávez [Chile] Definitivamente, no somos iguales ante la ley Avance de los libertarios en la construcción de una alternativa sindical en Uruguay. Estado español: cuando cruje el edificio XIe Congrès dAlternative Libertaire: La ville rose en rouge et noir Latest NewsNorth America / Mexico | Repression / prisoners | en Thu 20 Jun, 16:10 Will the Department of Justice Get Their Way in Seattle? 08:10 Thu 28 Jun 0 comments Oaxaca: David Venegas Reyes freed! 20:42 Wed 01 Feb 0 comments We demand to know the whereabouts of David Venegas Reyes 23:55 Mon 30 Jan 1 comments International Day of Solidarity with Leonard Peltier 03:58 Fri 30 Sep 0 comments Thousands Of Invisible Pickets 18:18 Thu 16 Dec 0 comments Workers Solidarity Alliance (WSA) Statement Against Political Police Raids 14:51 Thu 07 Oct 5 comments Hands off the Anti-War movement! Defend FRSO! Anarchist Solidarity against the Political Police 01:28 Tue 28 Sep 0 comments London Activists Target Of Police Intimidation 10:17 Wed 23 Jun 0 comments Statements From The Autonomous Municipality Of San Juan Copala Press Conference On May 21st, 2010 18:48 Thu 27 May 0 comments Libertarian statement of solidarity with the comrades in Oaxaca, Mexico 01:07 Sun 09 May 6 comments more >>Opinion and AnalysisIdeas: Sound of the Police Feb 11 0 comments Quebec police forced to own up to use of agent provocateurs at summit protest Aug 24 2 comments They First Came For.... Mar 25 0 comments The Next Battle of the Social War: Nine Black Panthers and state repression Jan 24 6 comments "Anarchy" in New Orleans? Sep 14 1 comments more >>Press ReleasesWe demand to know the whereabouts of David Venegas Reyes Jan 30 VOCAL 1 comments International Day of Solidarity with Leonard Peltier Sep 30 LPDOC 0 comments Thousands Of Invisible Pickets Dec 16 WSA 0 comments Workers Solidarity Alliance (WSA) Statement Against Political Police Raids Oct 07 WSA 5 comments London Activists Target Of Police Intimidation Jun 23 Common cause - Ontario Anarchist Organisation 0 comments more >> |


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Prosperity through Empowerment: Focus on Women in South Asia
Empowering women in South Asia can help address the twin issues of gender and urban poverty, say ADB's senior social development specialist Francesco Tornieri and urban development specialist Ron Slangen.
Why are gender and urban poverty issues interrelated?
Francesco Tornieri is senior social development specialist at ADB's South Asia Regional Department. Photo: Eric Sales/ADB |
Ron Slangen is urban development specialist at ADB's South Asia Regional Department. Photo: Eric Sales/ADB |
Poverty has ill effects on everybody, regardless of sex, race, or age. Yet, these can be more detrimental for some groups. The saying that poverty has a woman's face is especially true in South Asia, where women in poor urban communities can have hard lives.
For example, given the lack of safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation and healthcare facilities, women find themselves spending more time fetching water and taking care of sick family members than on earning a living. Lack of sanitation facilities also exposes women to harassment since they are forced to relieve themselves in open areas.
How can empowering women help reduce poverty in urban areas?
With economic and social support, such as microcredit, skills training, and childcare support, women can help provide healthy food, education, healthcare, and safe housing for the family. In turn, this will improve the quality of life for all.
What has been the experience of South Asia in tackling gender and poverty issues?
Report: Gender and Urban Poverty in South Asia |
South Asian governments have demonstrated strong political will in addressing poverty and gender discrimination. They have very good national poverty reduction strategies, as well as remarkable legislation outlawing women's discrimination in the economic, social, and political spheres. India requires 33% of the seats in local municipal bodies be reserved for women. Bangladesh and Nepal also have similar policies that promote the active participation of women and other vulnerable groups in governance. Sri Lanka has pending legislation allotting 25% of the seats to women.
However, there seems to be some weaknesses in implementation. Governments need resources - financial, material, and human - to successfully implement their initiatives. That is where ADB and other multilateral donor organizations are most needed.
How is ADB helping its member countries in South Asia address these issues?
Under ADB's Strategy 2020, at least 40% of ADB projects must address gender gaps, a target recently raised to 45%. In South Asia, ADB has consistently met this target since 2011. In 2012, 52% of projects have successfully mainstreamed gender, i.e., they have features that promote and facilitate women's access to a project and its benefits.
Can you cite some success stories showcasing women's empowerment in South Asian cities?
Women's economic empowerment. View photo essay. |
In 2003, ADB introduced a new integrated approach to urban development in Bangladesh, linking infrastructure investment with enhanced capacity and accountability in municipal management. The project increased women's representation in 35 targeted municipalities by making the implementation of gender action plans a performance criterion for additional infrastructure funding.
Another ADB project that promoted women's active involvement was in the resettlement of more than 3,000 families who were living in slum communities in Kolkata, India. An outstanding feature of this project was the awarding of flat titles to women, which addressed the lingering gender issue on women's property rights. Women were also charged with managing the apartment blocks. In addition, livelihood training and microcredit benefited many women who formed self-help groups and were able to sustain their livelihood and improve living conditions.
What still needs to be done in promote gender equality in urban areas?
"ADB's field experience demonstrates that achieving gender equality requires a concerted action involving strategies, tools, actions, and partnerships forged at different levels."
There is no quick fix or magic bullet for establishing inclusive cities, because the challenges related to urban planning and governance are complex and what works in one country may not work in another. However, ADB's field experience demonstrates that achieving gender equality requires a concerted action involving strategies, tools, actions, and partnerships forged at different levels.
Gender mainstreaming has proven to be a key strategy in gender equality and should be pursued further. There should also be more awareness building across government agencies and adequate project funds for the necessary technical and financial resources and for the monitoring of gender equality results.
Greater support to "engender" public-private partnership modalities is an emerging area of interest, as is the development of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) policies.


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parttime wrote:I have been pondering a map box created from pressure treated 2x boards and a hinged lid. Should be pretty bomb proof. I have some scrap untreated 2x laying around that I could build a prototype this week.
The last wooden one I put up was made of 1" boards, but somebody just ripped it from the tree and tossed it in the pond. Someone is also prying the markers off now, too. If it won't cost you to make it, go for it and we'll give it a try. We just need to anchor it to a tree really well to keep that from happening again. Thanks parttime.


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This room is available:
Price per room per night | Fri | Total | ||
Family Room |
(Cancel up until noon on the date of arrival)
£46.00 | £46.00 |
Travelodge Burton A38 Southbound Hotel
A38 Southbound
Calls cost 10 pence per minute from a standard BT
Calls from other networks and mobiles may vary.
Important Information
Due to the main road location, as you might expect, some external noise may be heard.
Directions supplied by Travelodge
On the A38 southbound, 5 miles to the south of Burton-upon-Trent and 1/4 mile past Barton Fields Garden Centre.Please note if using a Sat Nav, the postcode may take you to the wrong address so please follow the below directions or phone the hotel direct.
The hotel is situated on A38 South Bound, a mile from the Burton roundabout (A5121) and just past the Barton Fields Garden Centre whcih is 100 yards before the Barton under Needwood Junction (B5016). Please be aware of a sharp left after the Garden Centre so that the turning will not be missed.


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Fantastic Films Weekend, Bradford(0) On 15 – 17 June 2012 the National Media Museum, Bradford will devote itself to all things macabre and fantastical for a weekend of horror, SF and fantasy cinema like no other at the 11th Fantastic Films Weekend. Spread across the Museum's Pictureville and Cubby Broccoli cinemas and its unique TV Heaven viewing rooms, Fantastic Films Weekend has a reputation for welcoming diverse guests like The Wicker Man's Robin Hardy, Flash Gordon director Mike Hodges, An American Werewolf In London's Jenny Agutter, and creator of the outrageous Birdemic, James Nguyen. Every year retro classics rub shoulders with contemporary cult previews and hits, and the Museum becomes a hub for horror and fantasy fans from across Europe. The Fantastic Films Weekend is programmed by fans of the genre for fans of the genre. This year they have set their sights on some of the biggest names in horror and SF film. Watch this space for all the latest news about guests, previews, retro classics and fantastic events. And remember the next scream you hear could be your own… |
Contacts and information |
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Doris Evelyn Fulks, 71, died Tuesday, December 11, 2012, at her home.
Services will be held at 1 p.m., Friday, December 14, 2012, at Willis Funeral Home with Pastor Jimmy Chapman officiating. Burial will follow in the Perkins Ridge Cemetery. Friends may call at the funeral home from 6-8 p.m., Thursday, December 13, 2012.


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100 Percent October 17th 2009 Video UpdateWatch October 17th episode of 100 Percent serial online. This is the video update of 100 Percent for Saturday, October 17 2009. Watch 100 Percent October 17 video update online. All links, videos, mirrors, are not part of Apni TV. These are user contributed links that are found on the internet and search engines. We do not claim resposibility for the reliability, validity, legality, or safety of these external weblinks. Visit them at your sole discretion. Some may contain harmful material, or pop-ups beyond user control. 100 Percent October 17 2009Latest episode available:100 Percent December 27th 2009 Episode
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If you think campus dining means dull cafeteria fare, think again. Think fresh and made-to-order. Think flavor and imagination. Think personal pasta dishes whipped up at your request by our sauté chef. And think about sending in a recipe from home for us to prepare for everyone—part of our "Favorites from Home" program.
You will find everything here from delicious comfort foods (waffle bar, anyone?) to a full range of healthy meals: natural, organic, locally grown, vegetarian, and vegan options, all with readily available nutritional information. In fact, at each meal you will find "Better Tomorrow for Your Health Plates," carefully prepared to meet guidelines for excellent nutrition and moderate calorie totals. In addition, an on-campus dietitian can help plan meals for you if you have special dietary needs.
All students living on campus are required to sign up for a meal plan. For those off campus, it's optional. You'll choose from a range of plans, offering a combination of pre-paid, all-you-care-to-eat meals and flex dollars, which can be used to purchase items at any of the campus dining locations. The idea is that you can decide how many traditional sit-down meals you would like in a dining hall setting and how often you'd rather have something quick on-the-go.
Additional options are available if you are an off-campus student, and more details on dining, including dining facility hours and menus, are available at www.drakeudining.com.
In the following locations, you can dine on your meal plan or use flex dollars:
In the following locations, you can use flex dollars, Bulldog Bucks (see below), or cash:
For a flexible and convenient way to make food and other purchases, you can take advantage of our Bulldog Bucks program. Load money onto your Drake ID card and then use the balance on the card instead of cash at all campus dining locations plus athletic events, some vending machines, and a number of neighborhood restaurants. These include Buffalo Wild Wings, Chipotle, Drake Diner, Godfather's Pizza, Haiku Japanese Steakhouse and Sushi, Planet Sub, Starbucks at Drake West Village, Sunsation Spa, and Woody's Smoke Shack.
June, July, August: The Office of Admission is open for individual campus visits and tours Monday-Friday.
June -The application for Fall 2013 transfer admission will be accepted through the end of the month. Applications submitted after July 1 will be considered on a space-available basis.
July 4-5- Drake closed for Independence Day
August 1 - application opens for Fall 2014 admission
August 5-9- Iowa Private College Week
August 21 - First Year Student move-in day
August 26 - First day of fall semester


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Find out how to collect your favorite items
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September 15, 2011–March 10, 2012
Timely and Timeless celebrates the development and growth of the comic art collections at the Library of Congress. The new acquisitions on display build on the established strengths of the Library's holdings in political and social satire, comic strips, and caricature. The breadth of the selection presented in this exhibition provides an opportunity to explore and experience the richness of cartoon art preserved at the Library for future generations.
Read more about Timely and Timeless »
Past masters of graphic satire use well-honed drawing skills to comment insightfully on the complex impact of historical events and social conditions. Read more about Historical Masters of the Cartoon »
States of Emotion
Napoleon's Decisive Moment
View all items from Historical Masters of the Cartoon »
Political cartoons from the last century demonstrate how visual metaphors can address such varied themes as World War II, the social impact of urbanization and industrial technology, civil rights, race relations, and civic reponsibility. Read more about Twentieth Century Cartoon Critics »
Questioning the Power of the Press
View all items from Twentieth Century Cartoon Critics »
Contemporary editorial cartoonists often incorporate mixed media and use digital technology to craft their comments on climate change, environmental conditions, American involvement in war, struggles for civil rights and personal privacy, and the recent, historic presidential outcome. Read more about Recent Editorial Cartoons »
Concern for the Environment
Incursions on Privacy
View all items from Recent Editorial Cartoons »
Eye-catching compositions for magazine cover art and humor cartoons engage, amuse, and enlighten viewers. These tightly constructed, cleverly conceived designs capture the mood of an era or distill the essence of complex economic and social conditions—all within the confines of a single frame. Read more about Cover Designs and Single Panel Cartoons »
A Picture of Worry
Caveat Emptor
View all items from Cover Designs and Single Panel Cartoons »
Amid the painful aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, comic book artists and writers were among the first in the artistic community to respond creatively. The many moving stories they drew and wrote prompted both mainstream and alternative comic book publishers to produce anthologies of visually compelling work. Read more about Remembering September 11th »
Heroic Passengers
Buildings Embody Humanity
View all items from Remembering September 11th »
Masters of caricature exaggerate or even boldly distort their human subjects' features in order to reveal essential traits of character and personality. These selected works exemplify varied approaches to this art form through skillful linear technique as well as expressive use of color. Read more about Caricature »
Fairy-Tale Romance
Iconic Singer-Songwriter
View all items from Caricature »
Contemporary comic strip artists relate stories situated in very different kinds of imagined worlds, each with its own unique cast of characters and settings that typically reflect widely diverse aspects of modern life. Read more about Modern Life in Comic Strips »
Bedtime Story?
Comic Filled with Commentary
View all items from Modern Life in Comic Strips »
Beginning in the 1930s, graphic artists applied their skills and imaginations to the creation of comic books and wordless graphic narratives. Although popular art and fine art visual storytelling have waxed and waned in the marketplace, both currently enjoy a resurgence in critical acclaim. Read more about Comic Book and Graphic Narrative »
Wordless Classic of Modern Urban Life
Spider-Man, A Silver Age Classic
View all items from Comic Book and Graphic Narrative »


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Does your little one simply light up every time they see a pony? Then you should definitely throw her a fantastic pony party! The Pony Party Standard Kit comes with a seven inch round cake plate that has a picture of a horse in front of a field on it, a beverage napkin that shares the same style as the plate, a nine ounce cup with a picture of an elegant horse riding in a field, and a set of blue cutlery that includes a fork, knife, and spoon. The Pony Party Standard Kit comes with one of every item mentioned - perfect if you are having an extra guest at the last minute! The Pony Party Standard Kit is one fun kit that comes with all the essentials for a perfect pony party!
kit Includes:


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6. | panda eyes | ||
May 16, 2012 Urban Word of the Day
Someone who has had a lack of sleep, resulting in dark circles under their eyes.
Someone who, as a result of too much marajuana, has dark circles under their eyes 1. James was so tired, after only 2hours sleep last night, he has panda eyes.
2. Dude, how stoned are you, you have massive panda eyes |
1. | Panda Eyes | ||
When a girl wearing mascara has a shower and it causes her eyes to look dark like a Panda. Coming out of the shower,
Marina "Oh my god my mascara ran, I have Panda eyes." Alice "Ha Ha, me too" |
2. | Panda Eyes | ||
Obtained from sitting in the sun whilst wearing sun glasses. The sun glasses protect the eye socket area from the sun, whilst tanning the uncovered parts of the face. This results in an unbalanced tan, "Panda Eyes" Gabor was sitting on the sun drenched beach wearing his sun glasses for many hours, when he returned home and removed his glasses he was concerned by the white rings around his eyes, he said "Oh my, I have Panda Eyes"
3. | panda eyes | ||
work-a-holic. Someone who has a lack of sleep from working too much. He works so much, he's got panda eyes
4. | panda eyes | ||
When one punches both eyes of another person and gives the victim 2 black eyes; causing the victim to have a strong facial resemblance of the panda. I caught my girl cheating on me, so I grabbed sancho and beat the living hell out of him, and finished by knocking him out by punching the spleen, sprinkling birdseed and honey all over him, dragging his naked body onto a crowded street before finishing off his punk arse with a nice set of panda eyes. That'll teach him not to cheat again.
5. | Panda Eyes | ||
In the midst of a ferocious blow job, the male member can spontaneously wang to one side and out of alignment with the oral oriface. This is problematic since, through simple physical mechanisms, the most common destination of the wanging willy is the concavity of the blow job giver's eye socket. The result is almost universally a black eye. Panda Eyes are achieved when the owner of the wanging willy deliberately wangs towards the other eye socket in a quest for bilateral symmetry!
Verb form - to pandarise Margot saved on eye makeup after persuading the local butcher to give her Panda Eyes.
Alice: Go easy on my mouth! Bob: Take it... take it Alice: Ow... my eye! Bob: Yeehaw.. ooo yeah Alice: Oh nooo, my other eye! Bob: That's right baby Upon her return home from the local alcoholics anonymous group, Sybil was taken aside by Percival and pandarised. |


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(AP) -- Americans in much of the country will be getting a slight break from the oppressive heat, one day after temperatures rose to above 100 degrees from the central states to the mid-Atlantic. Yet for many, the cooler temperatures won't exactly be comfortable, falling only into the 90s.
Cooler air is sweeping southward in the eastern half of the country on Sunday, bringing down some temperatures by 15 or more degrees from Saturday's highs. In St. Louis, the 13-degree drop still will leave residents baking in 93-degree weather - the high Saturday was a record 106.
Temperatures in Philadelphia, Washington, and Indianapolis will fall to the low 90s or upper 80s after crossing 100 on Saturday. Louisville residents can expect a high of 95, a day after hitting 105.
For many areas, the cooler temperatures were ushered in by thunderstorms that knocked out power to thousands.
At least 30 deaths have been blamed on the heat. The heat also is blamed for more than 30 deaths across the country. A 4-month-old girl died and a 16-month-old girl was hospitalized Saturday in separate incidents in suburban Indianapolis when both were found trapped in cars during near-record 105-degree heat.
For more coverage on the heat wave, click here
(Copyright ©2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Click here for the adoption application form EXCITING NEWS: All in-coming rescues are quarantined for 72 hrs. During this time they are dewormed ("Strongid") & treated for other internal /external parasites ("Revolution"). They are then taken to the veterinarian for their initial vaccinations and a rabies shot (+12 weeks old) and a general check-up. Adult canines get a heartworm test. Heartworm exists in our area of rescue & we strongly recommend follow-up screening & preventatives. Puppies are tested for the parvovirus. ALL ARF dogs are microchipped before adoption. All in-coming rescues are dewormed ("Strongid") & treated for other internal/external parasites ("Revolution"). They are then taken to the veterinarian for their initial vaccinations and a rabies shot (+12 weeks old) and a general check-up. Adult canines get a heartworm test. Heartworm exists in our area of rescue & we strongly
recommend follow-up screening & preventatives. Puppies are monitored for the parvovirus which also exists in our areas.
All CANINE adoptions – regardless of dog's age - include Training 101 seminars with ARF's "Awesome Dogs" behavioural consultant (held in Dorchester Ontario) to encourage & instruct responsible positive reinforcement training. We want all of our wonderful canines to stay in permanent loving homes and our Training Sessions will help us all see that happens! Out of town adopters: please be prepared to source your own local training classes OR return for ARF's classes – either way class attendance is a part of your adoption contract.
The adoption fees certainly do not cover the majority of an in-coming rescue's medical costs. Our creatures are true rescues and need more than your average pet's Vet care in order to get them healthy again.
WHEN YOU APPLY TO ADOPT: Your application should be thorough, the more info we have the better we can assist. You should receive a response thanking you for your application WITHIN 48 HOURS of sending it. This is to confirm the receipt only. If the foster family of the animal you are applying for wishes to consider a meeting then an adoption coordinator will e-mail you to request a telephone interview. Only those applicants proceeding to a telephone interview will be contacted after the initial application-receipt e-mail. ADOPTION APPLICATION |
WONDERFUL RESCUE TRIP! ARF EVENTS Meet Puppies May 25th Pups to Snuggle May 25th Pups to Meet May 25th ARF Ambassadors! May 25th Events Info! Dropoff Locations! Adopt-a-Cat "Bellissima" with help from Bark 'n' Fitz and Global Pet Foods on Wonderland Adoption Option! "Lego" Success Stories! Blog CanFix! Ambassadors! AWESOME SUPPORTERS! ARFlings Rock! Check this out... www.efundraising online.ca TRAINING! Video! More Info! Meet & Greet Every Month! Details! Haven't found your grrrreat match yet? Animal Care Centre Lobo has canine & feline companions for adoption. |
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