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Last post Apr 20, 2012 06:42 AM by restlessoul
Apr 04, 2012 06:33 AM|LINK
I need to implement the ISpeechPhraseElement so that i can use the AusioStreamOffset
in c# so that i can get the current offset but i dont have any idea how i can do it as all example on the net are all made in vb. Ill be gratefull if someone put me in the right direction. i need this for a text to speech in a web application.
10x alot.
Apr 09, 2012 03:33 AM|LINK
Seem this API just supports Visual Basic and you can't apply it in your c# code. But altermatively, you can try System.Speech Namespaces which contain types that support speech recognition.
Bwt, the both references may be helpful to you:
Apr 09, 2012 09:26 PM|LINK
thanks alot i will try and use the following links :)
Apr 10, 2012 07:45 AM|LINK
the interface you told me to use are for speech recognition, are they good too for text to speech?
Apr 11, 2012 03:59 AM|LINK
are they good too for text to speech?
Try to use SimpleTTS for c#, it is an elementary application showcasing text-to-speech (TTS). The application speaks the text in the text box using a default voice:
More useful references about converting text to speech please have a check carefully:
Apr 11, 2012 07:40 AM|LINK
The example given is in VB but the code doesn't look very complicated. Have you tried writing C# code? What problem do you have?
Apr 11, 2012 02:44 PM|LINK
yes i tried but i cant refernce to the methods like he is doing in the vb examples.
Apr 12, 2012 08:28 AM|LINK
Please check my replies.
Apr 12, 2012 07:04 PM|LINK
do you have any idea what method should i use to find the current byte offset of the current being read word?
Apr 13, 2012 06:07 AM|LINK
do you have any idea what method should i use to find the current byte offset of the current being read word?
This software development kit contains the documentation, development resources, tools and samples for development of speech applications that utilize the Microsoft Speech Platform Runtime 11:
And some posts discussed the relevant topic:


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subset: commoncrawl


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Fix all Errors: Scan, Repair & Fix Errors
All Errors Solved: Get technical support to solve errors.
- Thoroughly scans and get rid from the malicous registry entries, malware and temporary internet file as well.
- Clean up corrupt and damage registry completely.
- Detects malware and removes it from system


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UPDATE: Route 35 to Reopen, But Barrier Island Access Will Still be Restricted
Brick details access plan; others await word on plans to re-open areas on Monday
When the Brick Township portion of the barrier island repopulates Jan. 7, some areas will still be restricted to residents only, officials have announced.
The new access rules go into effect 7 a.m. Monday.
Route 35 will open unrestricted southbound from the Mantoloking Bridge to Toms River, according to a statement from the Brick Township Police Department, but side streets on the island will be accessible to residents, their contractors, governmental personnel and "individuals critical to implementing individual or governmental recovery efforts only."
"While safety is always of paramount concern, the repopulation of the barrier island is also a priority for the Township of Brick," said Mayor Stephen C. Acropolis, in the statement.
Residents may return to their homes on a full-time basis. However, a curfew for residents will be in effect from 6 p.m. to 5 a.m., and access to the ocean beach will be restricted to emergency personnel and those employed in recovery efforts only.
A speed limit of 25 m.p.h. will also be in effect for all streets within Brick Township.
Mantoloking Borough announced earlier this week that Route 35 will remain closed north of the Mantoloking Bridge, as that town is not a part of the repopulation plan. Likewise to Brick, all of Mantoloking's side streets off Route 35 will remain closed.
The mayors of Brick Township, Toms River and Seaside Heights have announced re-population plans in a joint request to Governor Chris Christie to allow residents access back into their homes.
The North Beach area of Toms River, all of Brick and single-family homes in Seaside Heights were included in a formal joint request to re-populate their towns on the same day, on Jan. 7.
10:56 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
Peter, I am so stinking furious about no action on Ortley!! I just want to go home!!!
8:52 am on Saturday, January 5, 2013
Can my contractor start work in Seaside Park without a BTPD sticker on his truck?
they can do that
10:32 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
What is the reason why rt 35 is still closed in mantoloking? Commuting from toms river to point pleasant beach through brick is a nightmare. 20 minute ride now can take upwards of 1 hour.
Ryan Meyers
11:52 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
Who is paying all the overtime for the cops to sit out there ? I imagine the figures will end up being mind blowing? Scott care to offer some numbers for Brick ?
Brick Surfer
4:08 pm on Friday, January 4, 2013
The latest storms that came through revealed sink holes under Route 35 north of Herbert street. For obvious reasons, that all needs to be looked at and addressed, before anyone can drive on that portion of roadway.
10:35 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
Mantoloking needs to get it together. Let the people who can return, return home. Curfew still?? Seriously, this is not new orleans. What about people who work at night?? Enough of this dam police state. I have been in mantoloking and as terrible as it is, there is no reason people who want to shouldnt be able to go home. They are only delaying progress. The people dont need the government protecting them from themselves.
Michelle Blamble
11:13 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
So access to Rt 35S is completely unrestricted but I can only go to my home on Rt 35S in Ortley Beach on "allowed" days. How does this make any sense?
Further, they are repopulating Brick & northern TR beaches, but Ortley is still subject to every third day restrictions for "collections". Does that mean they aren't collecting debris in the repopulated towns?
How does it make sense that my neighbor two blocks away in Lavalette can live in his home while my contractor gets his TR permit pulled for working on the wrong day? We really need a good explanation why they won't open Ortley up (and collections doesn't cut it).
TR government is seriously slowing recovery down!
pam ulrich
11:21 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
Please open route 35 north just for commuting hours.
Don Smith
11:54 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
"Access to the ocean beach will be restricted to emergency personnel and those employed in recovery efforts only."
Are we saying the ocean is still too rough or are they planning a party?
Peter S
11:58 am on Friday, January 4, 2013
Maybe Ortley Beach will be a new tourist attraction for Toms River to offset the 20% loss of ratables. It is shameful that everyone has to has to drive though Ortley and yet we can't go home.
Lifetime Resident
12:25 am on Saturday, January 5, 2013
let see, many house are still dangerously unstable, there is still fire risk from homes with corroded electric..There are sink holes,many homes are still marked for demolition, dangerous debris still in large quantity.. it has reflooded twice now.. People still trying to loot abandoned areas.(police having problem with people going into these destroyed homes that don't belong to them)it really sucks that people can't home yet but there are real safety issues down there. and if one person dies or is injured then everyone will be up in arms blaming towns and police for letting people down there..
Michelle Blamble
10:10 am on Sunday, January 6, 2013
"Lifetime" resident - clearly no one should move into a home that is dangerously unstable, or in a sink hole. There is no risk from homes with corroded electric as those homes have no electric, etc. What do all of the things you mentioned have to do with anything? Are you telling me that the other beaches are completely cleaned up? I know that's not true. Things don't have to be perfect to let people back in their homes. Your comment just makes me think you work for the Toms River government and are trying to justify your abuse of power.
Michelle Blamble
10:13 am on Sunday, January 6, 2013
and regarding looters in abandoned areas. If the police didn't guarantee that thieves knew those areas were empty there wouldn't be so many problems. That's one of the things that concerns me - how easy it is for someone driving by to pop in steal things.
1:01 pm on Sunday, January 6, 2013
My mom's been a resident of Ortley Beach for 40 years.... and cant go home...We need media attention... and the governor's attention... Ortley Beach is getting no press!!! Probably because they're not allowed there... What's with the Toms River mayor??? Did he forget about Ortley? But he still wants the tax money!!!!!
Betty Ann Fuller
7:34 am on Monday, January 7, 2013
when will the tax assessor department post the new tax bills on the website since they are due 2/1? Many of us already submitted the forms personally, but my taxes have not yet decreased for the next due date.
7:57 am on Monday, January 7, 2013
don't hold your breath,we are waiting to hear back also.


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POLKTON — Kenneth Marvin Curran Jr., 69, died on Dec. 11, 2012 at FirstHealth Richmond Memorial Hospital in Rockingham.
Funeral services will be 2 p.m. Friday at New Home Baptist Church with Dr. Joe Brown and Dr. Tommy Ross officiating. Interment will follow in the church cemetery.
The family will greet friends on Thursday from 5 p.m. until 7 p.m. at Leavitt Funeral Home and other times at the home.
Curran was born May 18, 1943 in Anson County, a son of the late Kenneth Marvin and Geneva Walters Curran. He worked for more than 20 years with Professional Piping in Peachland and later retired from Lisk Trucking as a mechanic with 10 years of service. He was a faithful member of New Home Baptist Church.
Surviving are his wife of 48 years, Ruby Davis Curran of the home; his son, Kenneth Marvin "Kenny" Curran III of Charlotte; his daughter and son-in-law, Kimberly Curran Edwards and Kirk of Polkton; his grandchildren, Jon, Olivia, Brooke, and Emily Edwards; his sisters and brothers-in-law, Diane and Malcolm Fowler, and Pam and Bobby McCollum, all of Polkton.
Memorials may be made to New Home Baptist Church, 1617 New Home Church Road, Peachland, NC 28133. The arrangements are in care of Leavitt Funeral Home.
Online condolences may be made at www.leavittfuneralhomewadesboro.com.


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Dec 04, 2012 | 03:37 PM | Thorsten Schier
Tags Vale, nickel, nickel pig iron, nickel pricing, Murilo Ferreira, New York Stock Exchange, Thorsten Schier
NEW YORK The availability of nickel ore from Indonesia will be a key factor determining nickel prices next year, according to the top executive of Brazilian miner Vale SA. "Indonesia is a very important supplier of nickel ore. The availability of the ore can influence the nickel price in a very big way," Vale president and chief executive officer Murilo Ferreira said during a press conference at the....
NEW YORK The availability of nickel ore from Indonesia will be a key factor determining nickel prices next year, according to the top executive of Brazilian miner Vale SA.
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Do you think steel mills will succeed in their efforts to stop selling at a discount to the CRU index?
June 20-21, 2013 New York
This whole thing is becoming a game of smoke.
Midwest service center


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MORE Prayers ()
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Introduction to Indulgences
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Come Holy Spirit
Come Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your faithful and kindle in them the fire of your love. Send forth your Spirit and they shall be created. And You shall renew the face of the earth. O, God, who by the light of the Holy Spirit, did instruct the hearts of the faithful, grant that by the same Holy Spirit we may be truly wise and ever ... continue reading
Prayer to My Guardian Angel.
Angel of God's light, whom God sends as a companion for me on earth, protect me from the snares of the devil, and help me to walk always as a child of God, my Creator. Angel of God's truth, whose perfect knowledge serves what is true, protect me from deceits and temptations. Help me to know the truth, and always to live the truth. Angel of God's love, who ... continue reading
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Albanian politicians spend huge sums annually on US lobbying, trying to impress voters with their access to policymakers - but what do they achieve and where does the money come from?
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The Hague Tribunal has been successful in bringing wartime commanders to justice but hasn't met expectations on reconciliation, chief prosecutor Serge Brammertz told BIRN.


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Installing and Compiling Ant
Taken directly from:
The process of exporting from .pde to .apk may look like a herculean task especially for beginners such as me. I spent a good amount of time researching this stuff and finally nailed it down. So here goes,
If you have the app you built in processing running on your phone the you probably have all the environment variables set in the PATH. Oh I am using windows 7 and processing 0190 build. To begin with make sure you have keytool, jarsigner, ant etc. commands working from your command prompt. If not then install them, just google for those packages.
You will require OpenSSL as well required to generate your secret key for the application. Installing this is slightly tricky but the easiest way is to install Cygwin and during the installation you can choose to install OpenSSL. After this you will mostly be set to create your .apk.
Step 1: Hit the Export button on Processing's IDE
Step 2: Goto the /android folder and you will see bin, lib, res etc. (i could not find an apk file kind of freaked out the first time but not to worry all the files needed for creating the .apk are in here)
Step 3: Open command prompt and get to your /android folder
Step 4: Type the following command to generate your secret key that will be required for signing your application:
C:\Desktop\<sketchname>\android> keytool -genkey -v -keystore <sktechname>-release-key.keystore -alias <your name or anything> -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -validity 10000
It will then ask you the following questions:
Enter keystore password:
Re-enter new password:
What is your first and last name?
What is the name of your organizational unit?
What is the name of your organization?
What is the name of your City or Locality?
What is the name of your State or Province?
What is the two-letter country code for this unit?
Is CN=name , OU=name, O=name, L=blah, ST=PA, C=US correct?
[no]: yes
Generating 2,048 bit RSA key pair and self-signed certificate (SHA1withRSA) with a validity of 10,000 days
for: CN=name, OU=name, O=name, L=blah, ST=PA, C=US
Enter key password for <your alias>
(RETURN if same as keystore password):
Re-enter new password:
[Storing <appname>-release-key.keystore]
This creates a <appname>-release-key.keystore file in your /android folder.
Step 5: Now we create the .apk file which is unsigned. So type in the following:
C:\Desktop\<appname>\android>ant release
Total time: 12 seconds
You should get this in your console if the build is successful.
Step 6: You can now see in your bin folder the .apk file named as <appname>-unsigned.apk (Yay!)
Step 7: Now you will need to sign this with your secret key in order to release it on the android market. So here goes, (you can choose to copy the keystore file into your bin folder and execute the following command (too lazy to type too many characters) or keep it where it is.
C:\Desktop\<sketchname>\android>jarsigner -verbose -keystore <appname>-release-key.keystore c:\Desktop\<sketchname>\android\<appname>-unsigned.apk <your alias>
Then you will get a bunch of statements such as
Enter Passphrase for keystore:
adding: META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
adding: META-INF/ALIAS.SF
adding: META-INF/ALIAS.RSA
signing: assets/ComicSansMS-25.vlw
signing: assets/CurlzMT-150.vlw
signing: assets/SegoePrint-60.vlw
signing: res/drawable/icon.png
signing: res/layout/main.xml
signing: AndroidManifest.xml
signing: resources.arsc
signing: res/drawable-hdpi/icon.png
signing: classes.dex
Step 7: We are almost done! So we need to verify the previous step i.e. we need to make sure that jarsigner has signed the app correctly.
So execute the following:
C:\Desktop\<sketchname>\android>jarsigner -verify c:\Desktop\<sketchname>\android\<appname>-unsigned.apk
jar verified.
You should get JAR VERIFIED else something maybe wrong.
Step 8: Now to create your signed and distributable .apk file
C:\Desktop\<appname>\android>zipalign -v 4 c:\Desktop\<appname>\android\<appname>-unsigned.apk <new appname>.apk
Verifying alignment of <appname>.apk (4)…
50 META-INF/MANIFEST.MF (OK – compressed)
973 META-INF/ALIAS.SF (OK – compressed)
1958 META-INF/ALIAS.RSA (OK – compressed)
3094 assets/ComicSansMS-25.vlw (OK – compressed)
23456 assets/CurlzMT-150.vlw (OK – compressed)
205025 assets/SegoePrint-60.vlw (OK – compressed)
7002884 res/drawable/icon.png (OK)
7005452 res/layout/main.xml (OK – compressed)
7005745 AndroidManifest.xml (OK – compressed)
7006548 resources.arsc (OK)
7007504 res/drawable-hdpi/icon.png (OK)
7011152 classes.dex (OK – compressed)
Verification succesful
Hurray we are all set. Now you can happily distribute you android app built using processing to your friends! You may not able to run it on Samsung Captivate unrooted phone as it does not permit non-market app installation (ofcourse they can install it once you release it to market) Hate that X-|
I hope this helps as I have learned a lot in the last few weeks and soon I should be releasing a game in the market :) so wait for it.
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text:
Laurent Chretienneau
Principal Engineer
Acquia, Inc.
Laurent has nearly fifteen years of experience in open source development. He was co-founder of OpenProj, an open source replacement for Microsoft Project with over 2,000,000 users. Laurent holds a Master of Engineering degree from "Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne" (a French Grande Ecole).


text:
- Home
- MIG Welding Made Easy DVD
- Product Reviews
This DVD will take the intimidation out of MIG welding!
MIG welding is widely used for car and motorcycle building and modification, but few people really understand how each of the variables affects the finished weld. This program can be easily understood by a beginner, but it covers information even seasoned professionals can benefit from.
- Step-by-step instruction
- 70-minute DVD
- Presented by Ron Covell
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Ron Covell goes through the entire process step-by-step, and gives clear descriptions of how each factor changes the weld, including wire speed, voltage, wire stick-out, gun angle, travel speed, and gas flow. 70-minute DVD.
When welding, use appropriate safety equipment, welding eye shields, welding gloves and aprons.
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Disappointing, too much of an ad for Miller welders
(Posted on 2/25/11)
Review by Neil -
Quality Price Value
For something with so much Miller product placement, the video could have been cheaper in my opinion - or go the other way and beef up the instructive content. The way it came out, it's very middle of the road. I wish it wasn't.
It's clear that Covell is very capable as an instructor, he's clear and gets his point across. I sense that the video could have been much more useful had he had more leeway to use the time in ways other than showing off Miller product.
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Shop by Phone: 1-866-563-9925 (Toll Free)
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Genuine Briggs & Stratton Platinum Spark Plug - 5066A
Extended Life Series Platinum Spark PlugReplaces RC14YCProvides long life, easy starting, increased ignitability and idle stabilityFor selected OHV engines. Extended Life Series Version of 496018S/5092
Briggs and Stratton, Murray and Snapper have merged. Many of their part numbers are the same. Manufacturer listed may vary.


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Shemar Moore (@SFM420) tweets, "At work chillin about to go on set n shoot the bad guy.. Thought I'd just Say What's up Party People!!!"


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***Official Monumental Post Thread***
Posted by matuzz on May 22, 2013 9:28 AM
We need one here, don't we? "We are all excited about the next COD, and discussions on these forums are great. Posts like these drown out relevant posts about COD." Its off-topic there is about 100 sections to talk about "relevant posts about COD", OT is that one section where we can enjoy not having constant COD posts. Hope JeepChick you will cut some slack and not lock this one, plz
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00353 1 899 1351
Women's Diamond Ring Details
Eighteen round diamonds are pavé-set in 18k white gold.
Diamond Information
Number of round diamonds: | 18 |
0.20 |
Setting type: | Pavé setting |
Customer Feedback
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Embryonic stem cell
This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. (November 2011) |
Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage embryo.[1] Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells. Isolating the embryoblast or inner cell mass (ICM) results in destruction of the fertilized human embryo, which raises ethical issues. Those issues include whether or not a human life at the embryonic stage should be granted the moral status of a human being.[2][3]
Human ES cells measure approximately 14μm while mouse ES cells are closer to 8μm.[4]
Embryonic stem cells are distinguished by two distinctive properties:
- their pluripotency, and
- their ability to replicate indefinitely.[5]
ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These include each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult body. Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells found in adults; while embryonic stem cells can generate all cell types in the body, adult stem cells are multipotent and can produce only a limited number of cell types.
Additionally, under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of propagating themselves indefinitely. This allows embryonic stem cells to be employed as useful tools for both research and regenerative medicine, because they can produce limitless numbers of themselves for continued research or clinical use.
Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, ES cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. Diseases that could potentially be treated by pluripotent stem cells include a number of blood and immune-system related genetic diseases, cancers, and disorders; juvenile diabetes; Parkinson's; blindness and spinal cord injuries. Besides the ethical concerns of stem cell therapy (see stem cell controversy), there is a technical problem of graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, these problems associated with histocompatibility may be solved using autologous donor adult stem cells, therapeutic cloning, stem cell banks or more recently by reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors (e.g. induced pluripotent stem cells). Other potential uses of embryonic stem cells include investigation of early human development, study of genetic disease and as in vitro systems for toxicology testing.
Research history and developments[edit]
In 1964, researchers isolated a single type of cell from a teratocarcinoma, a tumor now known to be derived from a germ cell. These cells isolated from the teratocarcinoma replicated and grew in cell culture as a stem cell and are now known as embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells.[6] Although similarities in morphology and differentiating potential (pluripotency) led to the use of EC cells as the in vitro model for early mouse development,[7] EC cells harbor genetic mutations and often abnormal karyotypes that accumulated during the development of the teratocarcinoma. These genetic aberrations further emphasized the need to be able to culture pluripotent cells directly from the inner cell mass.
In 1981, embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were independently first derived from mouse embryos by two groups. Martin Evans and Matthew Kaufman from the Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge published first in July, revealing a new technique for culturing the mouse embryos in the uterus to allow for an increase in cell number, allowing for the derivation of ES cells from these embryos.[8] Gail R. Martin, from the Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, published her paper in December and coined the term "Embryonic Stem Cell".[9] She showed that embryos could be cultured in vitro and that ES cells could be derived from these embryos. In 1998, a breakthrough occurred when researchers, led by James Thomson at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, first developed a technique to isolate and grow human embryonic stem cells in cell culture.[10]
Techniques and conditions for embryonic stem cell derivation and culture[edit]
Derivation of human embryonic stem cells[edit]
In vitro fertilization generates multiple embryos. The surplus of embryos is not clinically used or is unsuitable for implantation into the patient, and therefore may be donated by the donor with consent. Human embryonic stem cells are derived from these donated embryos that would otherwise be discarded.[11] The inner cell mass (cells of interest), from the blastocyst stage of the embryo, is separated from the trophectoderm, the cells that would differentiate into extra-embryonic tissue. Immunosurgery, the process in which antibodies are bound to the trophectoderm and removed by another solution, and mechanical dissection are performed to achieve separation. The resulting inner cell mass cells are plated onto cells that will supply support. The inner cell mass cells attach and expand further to form a human embryonic cell line, which are undifferentiated. These cells are fed daily and are enzymatically or mechanically separated every four to seven days. For differentiation to occur, the human embryonic stem cell line is removed from the supporting cells to form embryoid bodies, is co-cultured with a serum containing necessary signals, or is grafted in a three-dimensional scaffold to result.[12]
Derivation of embryonic stem cells from other animals[edit]
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the early embryo, which are harvested from the donor mother animal. Martin Evans and Matthew Kaufman reported a technique that delays embryo implantation, allowing the inner cell mass to increase. This process includes removing the donor mother's ovaries and dosing her with progesterone, changing the hormone environment, which causes the embryos to remain free in the uterus. After 4–6 days of this intrauterine culture, the embryos are harvested and grown in in vitro culture until the inner cell mass forms "egg cylinder-like structures," which are dissociated into single cells, and plated on fibroblasts treated with mitomycin-c (to prevent fibroblast mitosis). Clonal cell lines are created by growing up a single cell. Evans and Kaufman showed that the cells grown out from these cultures could form teratomas and embryoid bodies, and differentiate in vitro, all of which indicating that the cells are pluripotent.[8]
Gail Martin derived and cultured her ES cells differently. She removed the embryos from the donor mother at approximately 76 hours after copulation and cultured them overnight in media containing serum. The following day, she removed the inner cell mass from the late blastocyst using microsurgery. The extracted inner cell mass was cultured on fibroblasts treated with mitomycin-c in media that containing serum and was conditioned by ES cells. After approximately one week, colonies of cells grew out. These cells grew in culture and demonstrated pluripotent characteristics, as demonstrated by the ability to form teratomas, differentiate in vitro, and form embryoid bodies. Martin referred to these cells as ES cells.[9]
It is now known that the feeder cells provide leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and serum provides bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are necessary to prevent ES cells from differentiating.[13][14] These factors are extremely important for the efficiency of deriving ES cells. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that different mouse strains have different efficiencies for isolating ES cells.[15] Current uses for mouse ES cells include the generation of transgenic mice, including knockout mice. For human treatment, there is a need for patient specific pluripotent cells. Generation of human ES cells is more difficult and faces ethical issues. So, in addition to human ES cell research, many groups are focused on the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells).[16]
Contamination by reagents used in cell culture[edit]
The online edition of Nature Medicine published a study on January 24, 2005, which stated that the human embryonic stem cells available for federally funded research are contaminated with non-human molecules from the culture medium used to grow the cells.[17] It is a common technique to use mouse cells and other animal cells to maintain the pluripotency of actively dividing stem cells. The problem was discovered when non-human sialic acid in the growth media was found to compromise the potential uses of the embryonic stem cells in humans, according to scientists at the University of California, San Diego.[18]
However, a study published in the online edition of Lancet Medical Journal on March 8, 2005 detailed information about a new stem cell line that was derived from human embryos under completely cell- and serum-free conditions. After more than 6 months of undifferentiated proliferation, these cells demonstrated the potential to form derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers both in vitro and in teratomas. These properties were also successfully maintained (for more than 30 passages) with the established stem cell lines.[19]
Potential clinical use[edit]
According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering."[20]
Reducing donor-host rejection[edit]
There is also ongoing research to reduce the potential for rejection of the differentiated cells derived from ES cells once researchers are capable of creating an approved therapy from ES cell research. One of the possibilities to prevent rejection is by creating embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to the patient via therapeutic cloning.[citation needed]
An alternative solution for rejection by the patient to therapies derived from non-cloned ES cells is to derive many well-characterized ES cell lines from different genetic backgrounds and use the cell line that is most similar to the patient; treatment can then be tailored to the patient, minimizing the risk of rejection.[citation needed]
The cheapest and technically least demanding alternative to reduce rejection would be to transplant a patient conceived embryo immediately following menstrual extraction. Drugs to reduce transplant rejection such as those derived from cordyceps fungus could also be used in cases where the embryo and patient are unrelated.
Safety: reducing the risk of teratoma and other cancers as a side effect[edit]
- The major concern with the possible transplantation of ESC into patients as therapies is their ability to form tumors including teratoma.[21] Safety issues prompted the FDA to place a hold on the first ESC clinical trial (see below), however no tumors were observed.
- The main strategy to enhance the safety of ESC for potential clinical use is to differentiate the ESC into specific cell types (e.g. neurons, muscle, liver cells) that have reduced or eliminated ability to cause tumors. Following differentiation, the cells are subjected to sorting by flow cytometry for further purification. ESC are predicted to be inherently safer than IPS cells because they are not genetically modified with genes such as c-Myc that are linked to cancer. Nonetheless, ESC express very high levels of the iPS inducing genes and these genes including Myc are essential for ESC self-renewal and pluripotency,[22] and potential strategies to improve safety by eliminating Myc expression are unlikely to preserve the cells' "stemness".
First clinical trial[edit]
On January 23, 2009, Phase I clinical trials for transplantation of oligodendrocytes (a cell type of the brain and spinal cord) derived from human ES cells into spinal cord-injured individuals received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), marking it the world's first human ES cell human trial.[23] The study leading to this scientific advancement was conducted by Hans Keirstead and colleagues at the University of California, Irvine and supported by Geron Corporation of Menlo Park, CA. A previous experiment had shown an improvement in locomotor recovery in spinal cord-injured rats after a 7-day delayed transplantation of human ES cells that had been pushed into an oligodendrocytic lineage.[24] In the proposed phase I clinical study, about eight to ten paraplegics who have had their injuries no longer than two weeks before the trial begins, will be selected, since the cells must be injected before scar tissue is able to form. However, the researchers are emphasizing that the injections are not expected to fully cure the patients and restore all mobility. Based on the results of the rodent trials, researchers say restoration of myelin sheathes, and an increase in mobility is probable. This first trial is mainly testing the safety of these procedures and if everything goes well, it could lead to future studies that involve people with more severe disabilities.[25] The trial had been put on hold in August 2009 due to concerns made by the FDA regarding a small number of microscopic cysts found in several treated rat models but the hold has been lifted as of July 30, 2010.[26]
In October 2010 researchers enrolled and administered ESTs to the first patient at Shepherd Center in Atlanta.[27] The makers of the stem cell therapy, Geron Corporation, estimate that it will take several months for the stem cells to replicate and for the GRNOPC1 therapy to be evaluated for success or failure. In November 2011 Geron announced it was dropping out of stem cell research for financial reasons, but would continue to monitor existing patients, and was attempting to find a partner that could continue their research.[28]
Potential method for new cell line derivation[edit]
On August 23, 2006, the online edition of Nature scientific journal published a letter by Dr. Robert Lanza (medical director of Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, MA) stating that his team had found a way to extract embryonic stem cells without destroying the actual embryo.[29] This technical achievement would potentially enable scientists to work with new lines of embryonic stem cells derived using public funding in the USA, where federal funding was at the time limited to research using embryonic stem cell lines derived prior to August 2001. In March, 2009, the limitation was lifted.[30]
Recently, it was shown that pluripotent stem cells highly similar to embryonic stem cells can be generated by the delivery of three genes (Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4) to differentiated cells.[31] The delivery of these genes "reprograms" differentiated cells into pluripotent stem cells, allowing for the generation of pluripotent stem cells without the embryo. Because ethical concerns regarding embryonic stem cells typically are about their derivation from terminated embryos, it is believed that reprogramming to these "induced pluripotent stem cells" (iPS cells) may be less controversial. Both human and mouse cells can be reprogrammed by this methodology, generating both human pluripotent stem cells and mouse pluripotent stem cells without an embryo.[32]
This may enable the generation of patient specific ES cell lines that could potentially be used for cell replacement therapies. In addition, this will allow the generation of ES cell lines from patients with a variety of genetic diseases and will provide invaluable models to study those diseases.
However, as a first indication that the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) cell technology can in rapid succession lead to new cures, it was used by a research team headed by Rudolf Jaenisch of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to cure mice of sickle cell anemia, as reported by Science journal's online edition on December 6, 2007.[33]
On January 16, 2008, a California based company, Stemagen, announced that they had created the first mature cloned human embryos from single skin cells taken from adults. These embryos can be harvested for patient matching embryonic stem cells.[34]
Use of human embryonic stem cells as models for human genetic disorders[edit]
Several new studies have started to address this issue. This has been done either by genetically manipulating the cells, or more recently by deriving diseased cell lines identified by prenatal genetic diagnosis (PGD). This approach may very well prove invaluable at studying disorders such as Fragile-X syndrome, Cystic fibrosis, and other genetic maladies that have no reliable model system.
Yury Verlinsky, a Russian-American medical researcher who specialized in embryo and cellular genetics (genetic cytology), developed prenatal diagnosis testing methods to determine genetic and chromosomal disorders a month and a half earlier than standard amniocentesis. The techniques are now used by many pregnant women and prospective parents, especially those couples with a history of genetic abnormalities or where the woman is over the age of 35, when the risk of genetically related disorders is higher. In addition, by allowing parents to select an embryo without genetic disorders, they have the potential of saving the lives of siblings that already had similar disorders and diseases using cells from the disease free offspring.[35]
Scientists have discovered a new technique for deriving human embryonic stem cell (ESC). Normal ESC lines from different sources of embryonic material including morula and whole blastocysts have been established. These findings allows researchers to construct ESC lines from embryos that acquire different genetic abnormalities; therefore, allowing for recognition of mechanisms in the molecular level that are possibly blocked that could impede the disease progression. The ESC lines originating from embryos with genetic and chromosomal abnormalities provide the data necessary to understand the pathways of genetic defects.[36]
A donor patient acquires one defective gene copy and one normal, and only one of these two copies is used for reproduction. By selecting egg cell derived from embryonic stem cells that have two normal copies, researchers can find variety of treatments for various diseases. To test this theory Dr. McLaughlin and several of his colleagues looked at whether parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells can be used in a mouse model that has thalassemia intermedia. This disease is described as an inherited blood disorder in which there is a lack of hemoglobin leading to anemia. The mouse model used, had one defective gene copy. Embryonic stem cells from an unfertilized egg of the diseased mice were gathered and those stem cells that contained only healthy hemoglobin genes were identified. The healthy embryonic stem cell lines were then converted into cells transplanted into the carrier mice. After five weeks, the test results from the transplant illustrated that these carrier mice now had a normal blood cell count and hemoglobin levels.[37]
See also[edit]
- Embryoid body
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Oversight (ESCRO) Committees
- Fetal tissue implant
- Stem cell controversy
- ^ Thomson et. al; Itskovitz-Eldor, J; Shapiro, SS; Waknitz, MA; Swiergiel, JJ; Marshall, VS; Jones, JM (1998). "Blastocysts Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human". Science 282 (5391): 1145–1147. doi:10.1126/science.282.5391.1145. PMID 9804556.
- ^ Baldwing A (2009). "Morality and human embryo research. Introduction to the Talking Point on morality and human embryo research.". EMBO 10 (4): 299–300. doi:10.1038/embor.2009.37. PMC 2672902. PMID 19337297.
- ^ Nakaya, Andrea C. "Current Issues: Biomedical Ethics". GALILEO.
- ^ Thomson, James A.; Zwaka (10). "Homologous recombination in human embryonic stem cells". Nature biotechnology 21 (3): 319–321. doi:10.1038/nbt788. PMID 12577066.
- ^ Ying et. al; Nichols, J; Chambers, I; Smith, A (2003). "BMP Induction of Id Proteins Suppresses Differentiation and Sustains Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Collaboration with STAT3". Cell 115 (3): 281–292. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00847-X. PMID 14636556.
- ^ Andrews P, Matin M, Bahrami A, Damjanov I, Gokhale P, Draper J (2005). "Embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells: opposite sides of the same coin". Biochem Soc Trans 33 (Pt 6): 1526–30. doi:10.1042/BST20051526. PMID 16246161.
- ^ Martin GR (1980). "Teratocarcinomas and mammalian embryogenesis". Science 209 (4458): 768–76. doi:10.1126/science.6250214. PMID 6250214.
- ^ a b Evans M, Kaufman M (1981). "Establishment in culture of pluripotent cells from mouse embryos". Nature 292 (5819): 154–6. doi:10.1038/292154a0. PMID 7242681.
- ^ a b Martin G (1981). "Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78 (12): 7634–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.12.7634. PMC 349323. PMID 6950406.
- ^ Thomson J, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro S, Waknitz M, Swiergiel J, Marshall V, Jones J (1998). "Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts". Science 282 (5391): 1145–7. doi:10.1126/science.282.5391.1145. PMID 9804556.
- ^ Mountford, JC (2008). "Human embryonic stem cells: origins, characteristics and potential for regenerative therapy". Transfus Med 18 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3148.2007.00807.x. PMID 18279188.
- ^ Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, Jones JM, J. A.; Itskovitz-Eldor, J; Shapiro, SS; Waknitz, MA; Swiergiel, JJ; Marshall, VS; Jones, JM (1998). "Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts". Science 282 (5391): 1145–1147. doi:10.1126/science.282.5391.1145. PMID 9804556.
- ^ Smith AG, Heath JK, Donaldson DD, Wong GG, Moreau J, Stahl M, Rogers D (1988). "Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides". Nature 336 (6200): 688–690. doi:10.1038/336688a0. PMID 3143917.
- ^ Williams RL, Hilton DJ, Pease S, Willson TA, Stewart CL, Gearing DP, Wagner EF, Metcalf D, Nicola NA, Gough NM (1988). "Myeloid leukaemia inhibitory factor maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells". Nature 336 (6200): 684–687. doi:10.1038/336684a0. PMID 3143916.
- ^ Ledermann B, Bürki K (1991). "Establishment of a germ-line competent C57BL/6 embryonic stem cell line". Exp Cell Res 197 (2): 254–258. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(91)90430-3. PMID 1959560.
- ^ Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, Yamanaka S. (2007). "Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors". Cell 131 (5): 861–872. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.019. PMID 18035408.
- ^ Ebert, Jessica (24 January 2005). "Human stem cells trigger immune attack". News from "Nature" (London: Nature Publishing Group). doi:10.1038/news050124-1. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
- ^ Martin MJ, Muotri A, Gage F, Varki A (2005). "Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid". Nat. Med. 11 (2): 228–32. doi:10.1038/nm1181. PMID 15685172.
- ^ Klimanskaya I, Chung Y, Meisner L, Johnson J, West MD, Lanza R (2005). "Human embryonic stem cells derived without feeder cells". Lancet 365 (9471): 1636–41. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66473-2. PMID 15885296.
- ^ "Endothelial cells derived from human embryonic stem cells". Retrieved 28 September 2012..
- ^ Knoepfler, Paul S. (2009). "Deconstructing Stem Cell Tumorigenicity: A Roadmap to Safe Regenerative Medicine". Stem Cells 27 (5): 1050–6. doi:10.1002/stem.37. PMC 2733374. PMID 19415771.
- ^ Varlakhanova, Natalia V.; Cotterman, Rebecca F.; Devries, Wilhelmine N.; Morgan, Judy; Donahue, Leah Rae; Murray, Stephen; Knowles, Barbara B.; Knoepfler, Paul S. (2010). "Myc maintains embryonic stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal". Differentiation 80 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1016/j.diff.2010.05.001. PMC 2916696. PMID 20537458.
- ^ "FDA approves human embryonic stem cell study - CNN.com". January 23, 2009. Retrieved May 1, 2010.
- ^ Keirstead HS, Nistor G, Bernal G, et al. (2005). "Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transplants remyelinate and restore locomotion after spinal cord injury". J. Neurosci. 25 (19): 4694–705. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0311-05.2005. PMID 15888645.
- ^ Steven Reinberg FDA OKs 1st Embryonic Stem Cell Trial
- ^ Geron comments on FDA hold on spinal cord injury trial http://www.geron.com/media/pressview.aspx?id=1188
- ^ Vergano, Dan (11 October 2010). "Embryonic stem cells used on patient for first time". USA Today. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ Brown, Eryn (November 15, 2011). "Geron exits stem cell research". LA Times. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
- ^ Klimanskaya I, Chung Y, Becker S, Lu SJ, Lanza R. (2006). "Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres". Nature 444 (7118): 481–5. doi:10.1038/nature05142. PMID 16929302.
- ^ US scientists relieved as Obama lifts ban on stem cell research, The Guardian, 10 March 2009
- ^ "Human stem cells may be produced without embryos 'within months'". Zangani. 2007-07-17.
- ^ "Embryonic stem cells made without embryos". Reuters. 2007-11-21.
- ^ Rick Weiss (2007-12-07). "Scientists Cure Mice Of Sickle Cell Using Stem Cell Technique: New Approach Is From Skin, Not Embryos". Washington Post. pp. A02.
- ^ Helen Briggs (2008-01-17). "US team makes embryo clone of men". BBC. pp. A01.
- ^ "Dr. Yury Verlinsky, 1943-2009: Expert in reproductive technology" Chicago Tribune, July 20, 2009
- ^ Verlinsky, Y; Strelchenko, N; Kukharenko, V; Rechitsky, S; Verlinsky, O; Galat, V; Kuliev, A (2005). "Human embryonic stem cell lines with genetic disorders". Reproductive biomedicine online 10 (1): 105–10. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60810-3. PMID 15705304.
- ^ Embryonic Stem Cells Help Deliver 'Good Genes' In A Model Of Inherited Blood Disorder, ScienceDaily (February 13, 2011).
External links[edit]
- Understanding Stem Cells: A View of the Science and Issues from the National Academies
- National Institutes of Health
- Fact sheet on embryonic stem cells
- Fact sheet on ethical issues in embryonic stem cell research
- Information & Alternatives to Embryonic Stem Cell Research
- A blog focusing specifically on ES cells and iPS cells including research, biotech, and patient-oriented issues


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Residents of Castleford Way are experiencing flooded properties, eroded lawns and construction debris every time it rains.
Kim Day, a resident of 23 Castleford Way, said that her concrete driveway is nearly washed away with every storm.
Day's next door neighbor, Ron Fine, located at 25 Castleford Way, said that several of the shrubs in his yard are uprooted and his dog lot is often filled with mud, silt, rocks and branches. Nearly 15 homes on Castleford Way are effected similarly. Residents of Abby Lane, Abby Court and Ennismore Drive have also reported similar complaints to the Middlesboro Daily News.
The domino effect is allegedly caused by a construction project on property owned by Ken and Ann Macuila. Macuila is developing his land— situated uphill from Castleford Way on Thornaby Ridgeway, also in the Ambleside subdivision— into a horse farm.
When the flooding began in October 2008, an upset Day contacted the Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection to file a complaint. The agency responded and according to documentation, cited Macuila for a violation.
Macuila said that the agency visited his construction site on three occasions, and claims that each time he complied with their directions and guidelines. "We've complied and probably more so, most of which was done voluntarily," stated Macuila.
However, Macuila does accept some responsibility for the problems. Macuila said, as a precaution, he erected 400 feet of silt fence and hay around the perimeter of his property, to serve as an obstacle for the mud and water.
Day and Fine agreed that Macuila had installed a barrier. However, the barrier has since slid down the hill with rainwater. A portion of the fencing slid downhill onto Day's property, where it has been since December, according to Day.
"Every time it rains, we're flooded," said Day.
The Bell County Road Department made a trip to Ambleside last month, in response to reports of debris scattered roadways. The crew installed large rocks around the culvert beside Day's house and underneath her driveway to prevent further erosion. Representatives from the Bell County Road Department were unavailable for comment.
"We are just literally tired of working hard and cleaning up after his [Macuila's] mess," Fine remarked.
Sarah Miracle is a staff writer for the Daily News. She can be contacted via e-mail at email@example.com.


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I was so inspired by this post from joyful on purpose … I just had to share it. Let us see and love our own beauty we posses. We are loved and we are beautiful.
Flowers don't worry about how they're going to bloom. They just open up and turn toward the light and that makes them beautiful. ~Jim Carrey
I've been thinking about beauty lately… how obsessed we are with beauty and the current standard. For me, beauty is so easily seen in nature: the glorious colors of flowers, the texture of moss or tree bark, even the cycle of birth and death as the seasons change. I find it much more burdensome to see beauty in people, especially myself. Like many people, I can point out every single flaw in myself, all the imperfections that don't quite meet the definition of beauty. (Who gets to define it, anyway? Who are "they" and can we fire them?) Trying to reach the acceptable standard has taken a toll on me over the years, and it is still difficult to change my mindset even as I become more and more aware of what true beauty is. It is a daily chore, a conscious effort, for me to wake up and have a healthy view of myself and others.
I wish we were all more like flowers. The quote above rings true in my heart and my mind. Flowers don't worry at all about how they will open up, how they will be seen as the petals unfold and reveal what is inside. Flowers also turn toward the light without thought, craving its warmth and knowing that it provides life as well as illumination.
As human beings living in a gorgeous world, surrounded by beautiful objects, we should take better care of ourselves and of each other by being less obsessed with unrealistic standards. A geranium never tries to be a rose. A thistle doesn't strive to be like a lily. Each one is simply beautiful in its own way, its own very perfect way. They all turn toward the light, open up, and radiate beauty. I wish, for myself and for you, to follow the way of the flowers. I want to turn my face toward the light, all that is positive and wonderful. I want to smile and open up my heart and my life, letting the beauty within reveal itself. Perfect in its own way, just as it is.
-written by joyful on purpose


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Great food from the kitchen, but the out front organization is a total failure.
They told me one time they had no seating available when there was only one table occupied...when I pointed that out they said that one of the wait staff didn't show up and they could not service the remaining tables.
This place, especially without a beer license (who eats curry without beer) will be vacating this space like every other eatery that has been here.
Smily's, at the same time, continues to flourish.
I purchased a groupon for this restaurant and went in the middle of the week at about 7 pm with my child and husband. It took almost 18 minutes to seat us even though we were the only ones standing there, 27 minutes to get us a menu, we had to waive somone down to take our drink orders, wave someone down again to take our food orders after waiting so long.... I was timing all of this as it really got ridiculous. The food was cold when we got it, was okay but curry out of a can at home would have been better, and the bell pepper in the curry still had the store sticker on it, cooked in with the curry. We left at 9 pm when they closed, which the meal should have taken 45 minutes at most. I would have left, had I not bought the groupon already. I have never not given a tip before, this was the first time I didn't give a tip :(


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Comment #97413 by - RON
DO batterys and a young kitchen wench come in the deal? 5 swipes - by SLOHAND62
Try living in a town full of them...I don't dare let myself fall asleep at night! 5L for the giggle. - by MissPriss
it burns ....it burns - by Reality Lord
only regan and his UN speach on aliens even came close :) - by Reality Lord
5weet! I'm not the only one who views seasons like that. I not forever alone after all! - by thecrotchetyoldcynic
It's got be humor. I've seen the weirdest coupes, and I think, "Him? And her? Yeah, that makes sense." - by thecrotchetyoldcynic
The one reason I refuse to ride carnival rides. I have seen those critters setting them up. Sorry, but the "zipper" should take more than 30 minutes to construct. - by 5150monkeylove
proof positive of reincarnation... Hitler trying to revive his youth movement. - by 5150monkeylove
Spider-Can, Spider-Can, Glued to the ceiling by his retarded owners. - by EdisonoftheFuture
No. Everyone around them does - by dporter8462


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As you graduate from North Georgia and move into your future, it is easy to lose touch with those with whom you've shared joys, triumphs, sorrows, and laughter. North Georgia NetCommunity brings you "home" and puts you in touch with fellow North Georgia alumni. Enjoy the many events available to alumni at North Georgia. Members of the Alumni Association have access to exclusive, members-only benefits, including an Online Directory! Join the Alumni Association now...
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Hartwell, GA Area Gathering June 22, 2013
Columbia, SC Area GatheringJune 29, 2013
Ft. Bragg Area GatheringAugust 17, 2013
1963 ReunionSeptember 20-22, 2013
1983 ReunionSeptember 27-29, 2013
1968 Reunion October 4-6, 2013
Chattahoochee Golf Tournament October 14, 2013
Gold Rush October 19-21, 2013


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Chances are, you've heard them loud and clear.
It's the time of year that a species of locust called cicadas are high in the trees and making plenty of noise, but why?
It's mating season for the insects, who spend the majority of the year underground. When the days have more sunlight in these summer months, the bugs come out of the ground to mate and cause the racket.
Roanoke College Biology Professor Rachel Collins tells WDBJ7 once the mating season is over, the adults you're hearing now will burrow back into the ground and lay their eggs before they die.


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After reading a portion of the book "The C# Programming Language: Third Edition," I found a section in the introduction that introduced abstract classes and methods that involved an example that included the concept of expression trees. The code was easy to implement since it just had to be copied out of the book. After playing around with the program a little and extending it, I thought that it would be fun to write a program in C# that could (interactively) evaluate expressions and display the results. Not knowing C# quite as well as Python led to the following program written and tested in Python 3.0 (not sure about previous languages).
The first section of the code includes port of the program from the aforementioned book along with extra code that allows for further features not originally included in the C# version. Those sections are clearly marked as being new code written by yours truly. The second area of the program has six functions that are profusely documented so as to explain how they go about parsing and processing expressions entered for evaluation. For those wishing to use the code, the "run" function should be all that you need. The final part of the module contains a test program that can be used to check the validity of the how well the program works.
The parser is not very complicated and will except expressions that are both normal to Python and completely illegal in Python. The main features are its ability to (1) identify simple assignment and mathematical operations, (2) identify constant floating point numbers, and (3) identify variables that would otherwise have no other meaning to the program. A limited number of error messages are given when appropriate but may leave one guessing what the problem really is. Mathematical operations are evaluated from left to right without regards to precedence, and assignment statements are evaluated from right to left.
Utility Mill is another wonderful Blended Technologies project.
copyright, owned and operated by Blended Technologies LLC.