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H. P. Lovecraft
Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) — known as H. P. Lovecraft — was an American author of horror, fantasy, poetry and science fiction, especially the subgenre known as weird fiction.[1]
Lovecraft's guiding aesthetic and philosophical principle was what he termed "cosmicism" or "cosmic horror", the idea that life is incomprehensible to human minds and that the universe is fundamentally inimical to the interests of humankind. As such, his stories express a profound indifference to human beliefs and affairs. Lovecraft is the originator of the Cthulhu Mythos story cycle and the Necronomicon, a fictional magical textbook of rites and forbidden lore.[2]
Although Lovecraft's readership was limited during his lifetime, his reputation has grown over the decades, and he is now regarded as one of the most influential horror writers of the 20th century. According to Joyce Carol Oates, an award-winning author, Lovecraft—as with Edgar Allan Poe in the 19th century—has exerted "an incalculable influence on succeeding generations of writers of horror fiction".[3] The science fiction and fantasy author Stephen King called Lovecraft "the twentieth century's greatest practitioner of the classic horror tale."[4][5] King made it clear in his semi-autobiographical non-fiction book Danse Macabre that Lovecraft was responsible for King's own fascination with horror and the macabre, and was the single largest figure to influence his fiction writing.[6] Lovecraft's stories have been adapted into plays, films and games.
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Life and career [edit]
Early life [edit]
Lovecraft was born on August 20, 1890, in his family home at 194 (later 454) Angell Street in Providence, Rhode Island.[7] (The house was demolished in 1961.) He was the only child of Winfield Scott Lovecraft, a traveling salesman of jewelry and precious metals, and Sarah Susan Phillips Lovecraft, who could trace her ancestry to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1631. His parents married when they were in their thirties, unusually late in life for the time period. In 1893, when Lovecraft was three, his father became acutely psychotic in a Chicago hotel room while on a business trip. The elder Lovecraft was taken back to Providence and placed in Butler Hospital, where he remained until his death in 1898.[7] Lovecraft maintained throughout his life that his father had died in a condition of paralysis brought on by "nervous exhaustion" due to over work, but it is now almost certain that the actual cause was paresis due to syphilis.[8] It is unknown whether the younger Lovecraft was ever aware of the actual nature of his father's illness or its cause, although his mother likely was.
After his father's hospitalization, Lovecraft was raised by his mother, his two aunts (Lillian Delora Phillips and Annie Emeline Phillips), and his maternal grandfather, Whipple Van Buren Phillips, an American businessman. All five resided together in the family home. Lovecraft was a prodigy, reciting poetry at the age of three, and writing complete poems by six. His grandfather encouraged his reading, providing him with classics such as The Arabian Nights, Bulfinch's Age of Fable, and children's versions of the Iliad and the Odyssey. His grandfather also stirred the boy's interest in the weird by telling him his own original tales of Gothic horror.
Lovecraft was frequently ill as a child. Due to his sickly condition, he barely attended school until he was eight years old, and then was withdrawn after a year. He read voraciously during this period and became especially enamored of chemistry and astronomy. He produced several hectographed publications with a limited circulation beginning in 1899 with The Scientific Gazette. Four years later, he returned to public school at Hope High School (Rhode Island). Beginning in his early life, Lovecraft is believed to have suffered from night terrors, a rare parasomnia disorder; he believed himself to be assaulted at night by horrific "night gaunts." Much of his later work is thought to have been directly inspired by these terrors. (Indeed, "Night Gaunts" became the subject of a poem he wrote of the same name, in which they were personified as devil-like creatures without faces.)
His grandfather's death in 1904 greatly affected Lovecraft's life. Mismanagement of his grandfather's estate left his family in a poor financial situation, and they were forced to move into much smaller accommodations at 598 (now a duplex at 598-600) Angell Street. In 1908, prior to his high school graduation, he himself claimed to have suffered what he later described as a "nervous breakdown", and consequently never received his high school diploma (although he maintained for most of his life that he did graduate). S. T. Joshi suggests in his biography of Lovecraft that a primary cause for this breakdown was his difficulty in higher mathematics, a subject he needed to master to become a professional astronomer.
Lovecraft wrote some fiction as a youth but, from 1908 until 1913, his output was primarily poetry. During that time, he lived a hermit's existence, having almost no contact with anyone but his mother. This changed when he wrote a letter to The Argosy, a pulp magazine, complaining about the insipidness of the love stories of one of the publication's writers, Fred Jackson.[9] The ensuing debate in the magazine's letters column caught the eye of Edward F. Daas, President of the United Amateur Press Association (UAPA), who invited Lovecraft to join them in 1914. The UAPA reinvigorated Lovecraft and incited him to contribute many poems and essays. In 1917, at the prodding of correspondents, he returned to fiction with more polished stories, such as "The Tomb" and "Dagon". The latter was his first professionally-published work, appearing in W. Paul Cook's The Vagrant (November 1919) and Weird Tales in 1923. Around that time, he began to build up a huge network of correspondents. His lengthy and frequent missives would make him one of the great letter writers of the century. Among his correspondents were Robert Bloch (Psycho), Clark Ashton Smith, and Robert E. Howard (Conan the Barbarian series).
In 1919, after suffering from hysteria and depression for a long period of time, Lovecraft's mother was committed to Butler Hospital just as her husband had been.[10] Nevertheless, she wrote frequent letters to Lovecraft, and they remained close until her death on May 24, 1921, the result of complications from gall bladder surgery.
Marriage and New York [edit]
A few weeks after his mother's death, Lovecraft attended an amateur journalist convention in Boston, Massachusetts, where he met Sonia Greene. Born in 1883, she was of Ukrainian-Jewish ancestry and seven years older than Lovecraft. They married in 1924, and the couple relocated to Brooklyn and moved into her apartment. Lovecraft's aunts may have been unhappy with this arrangement, as they were not fond of Lovecraft being married to a tradeswoman (Greene owned a hat shop). Initially, Lovecraft was enthralled by New York, but soon the couple were facing financial difficulties. Greene lost her hat shop and suffered poor health. Lovecraft could not find work to support them both, so his wife moved to Cleveland for employment. Lovecraft lived by himself in the Red Hook neighborhood of Brooklyn and came to dislike New York life intensely.[11] Indeed, this daunting reality of failure to secure any work in the midst of a large immigrant population—especially irreconcilable with his opinion of himself as a privileged Anglo-Saxon—has been theorized as galvanizing his racism to the point of fear, a sentiment he employed in the short story "The Horror at Red Hook."[12]
A few years later, Lovecraft and his wife, still living separately, agreed to an amicable divorce, which was never fully completed. He returned to Providence to live with his aunts during their remaining years.
Return to Providence [edit]
Back in Providence, Lovecraft lived in a "spacious brown Victorian wooden house" at 10 Barnes Street until 1933. The same address is given as the home of Dr. Willett in Lovecraft's The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. The period after his return to Providence — the last decade of his life — was Lovecraft's most prolific; in that time he produced short stories for the leading pulp publications of the day (primarily Weird Tales), as well as longer efforts, such as The Case of Charles Dexter Ward and At the Mountains of Madness. He frequently revised work for other authors and did a large amount of ghost-writing, including "The Mound", "Winged Death", "The Diary of Alonzo Typer" and for Harry Houdini "Under the Pyramids" (also known as "Imprisoned with the Pharaohs").
Lovecraft considered himself a "New Deal Democrat," and was an ardent supporter of Franklin D. Roosevelt. His political views can be considered as "moderately socialist."[13]
Later, he was forced to move to smaller and meaner lodgings with his surviving aunt. He was also deeply affected by the suicide of his correspondent Robert E. Howard. In 1936, Lovecraft was diagnosed with cancer of the small intestine,[14] and he also suffered from malnutrition. He lived in constant pain until his death on March 15, 1937, in Providence.
In accordance with his lifelong scientific curiosity, he kept a diary of his illness until close to the moment of his death.
Lovecraft was listed along with his parents on the Phillips family monument (41°51′14″N 71°22′52″W / 41.8540176°N 71.3810921°W). That was not enough for his fans, so in 1977 a group of them raised the money to buy him a headstone of his own in Swan Point cemetery, on which they had inscribed Lovecraft's name, the dates of his birth and death, and the phrase "I AM PROVIDENCE," a line from one of his personal letters.
Themes [edit]
This section may contain previously unpublished synthesis of published material that conveys ideas not attributable to the original sources. (February 2009) |
Several themes recur in Lovecraft's stories:
Now all my tales are based on the fundamental premise that common human laws and interests and emotions have no validity or significance in the vast cosmos-at-large. To me there is nothing but puerility in a tale in which the human form—and the local human passions and conditions and standards—are depicted as native to other worlds or other universes. To achieve the essence of real externality, whether of time or space or dimension, one must forget that such things as organic life, good and evil, love and hate, and all such local attributes of a negligible and temporary race called mankind, have any existence at all. Only the human scenes and characters must have human qualities. These must be handled with unsparing realism, (not catch-penny romanticism) but when we cross the line to the boundless and hideous unknown—the shadow-haunted Outside—we must remember to leave our humanity and terrestrialism at the threshold. |
—H. P. Lovecraft in note to the editor of Weird Tales on resubmission of "The Call of Cthulhu"[15] |
Forbidden knowledge [edit]
Forbidden knowledge is a central theme in many of Lovecraft's works.[16] Many of his characters are driven by curiosity or scientific endeavor, and in many of his stories the knowledge they uncover proves Promethean in nature, either filling the seeker with regret for what they have learned, destroying them psychically, or completely destroying the person who holds the knowledge.[16][17][18][19][20][21]
Some critics argue that this theme is a reflection of Lovecraft's contempt of the world around him, causing him to search inwardly for knowledge and inspiration.[22]
Non-human influences on humanity [edit]
The beings of Lovecraft's mythos often have human (or mostly human) servants; Cthulhu, for instance, is worshipped under various names by cults amongst both the Eskimos of Greenland and voodoo circles of Louisiana, and in many other parts of the world.
These worshippers served a useful narrative purpose for Lovecraft. Many beings of the Mythos were too powerful to be defeated by human opponents, and so horrific that direct knowledge of them meant insanity for the victim. When dealing with such beings, Lovecraft needed a way to provide exposition and build tension without bringing the story to a premature end. Human followers gave him a way to reveal information about their "gods" in a diluted form, and also made it possible for his protagonists to win paltry victories. Lovecraft, like his contemporaries, envisioned "savages" as closer to supernatural knowledge unknown to civilized man.
Inherited guilt [edit]
Another recurring theme in Lovecraft's stories is the idea that descendants in a bloodline can never escape the stain of crimes committed by their forebears, at least if the crimes are atrocious enough. Descendants may be very far removed, both in place and in time (and, indeed, in culpability), from the act itself, and yet, they may be haunted by the revenant past, e.g. "The Rats in the Walls", "The Lurking Fear", "Arthur Jermyn", "The Alchemist", "The Shadow Over Innsmouth", "The Doom that Came to Sarnath" and The Case of Charles Dexter Ward.
Fate [edit]
Often in Lovecraft's works the protagonist is not in control of his own actions, or finds it impossible to change course. Many of his characters would be free from danger if they simply managed to run away; however, this possibility either never arises or is somehow curtailed by some outside force, such as in "The Colour Out of Space" and "The Dreams in the Witch House". Often his characters are subject to a compulsive influence from powerful malevolent or indifferent beings. As with the inevitability of one's ancestry, eventually even running away, or death itself, provides no safety ("The Thing on the Doorstep", "The Outsider", The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, etc.). In some cases, this doom is manifest in the entirety of humanity, and no escape is possible ("The Shadow Out of Time").
Civilization under threat [edit]
Lovecraft was familiar with the work of the German conservative-revolutionary theorist Oswald Spengler, whose pessimistic thesis of the decadence of the modern West formed a crucial element in Lovecraft's overall anti-modern worldview. Spenglerian imagery of cyclical decay is present in particular in At the Mountains of Madness. S. T. Joshi, in H. P. Lovecraft: The Decline of the West, places Spengler at the center of his discussion of Lovecraft's political and philosophical ideas.[23]
Lovecraft wrote to Clark Ashton Smith in 1927: "It is my belief, and was so long before Spengler put his seal of scholarly proof on it, that our mechanical and industrial age is one of frank decadence".[24] Lovecraft was also acquainted with the writings of another German philosopher of decadence: Friedrich Nietzsche.[25]
Lovecraft frequently dealt with the idea of civilization struggling against dark, primitive barbarism. In some stories this struggle is at an individual level; many of his protagonists are cultured, highly-educated men who are gradually corrupted by some obscure and feared influence.
In such stories, the "curse" is often a hereditary one, either because of interbreeding with non-humans (e.g., "Facts Concerning the Late Arthur Jermyn and His Family" (1920), "The Shadow over Innsmouth" (1931) or through direct magical influence (The Case of Charles Dexter Ward). Physical and mental degradation often come together; this theme of 'tainted blood' may represent concerns relating to Lovecraft's own family history, particularly the death of his father due to what Lovecraft must have suspected to be a syphilitic disorder.
In other tales, an entire society is threatened by barbarism. Sometimes the barbarism comes as an external threat, with a civilized race destroyed in war (e.g., "Polaris"). Sometimes, an isolated pocket of humanity falls into decadence and atavism of its own accord (e.g., "The Lurking Fear"). But most often, such stories involve a civilized culture being gradually undermined by a malevolent underclass influenced by inhuman forces.
There is a lack of analysis as to whether England's gradual loss of prominence and related conflicts (Boer War, India, World War I) had an influence on Lovecraft's worldview. It is likely that the "roaring twenties" left Lovecraft disillusioned as he was still obscure and struggling with the basic necessities of daily life, combined with seeing non-Western European immigrants in New York City.
Race, ethnicity, and class [edit]
Racism is the most controversial aspect of Lovecraft's works which "does not endear Lovecraft to the modern reader," and it comes across through many disparaging remarks against the various non-Anglo-Saxon races and cultures within his work. Lovecraft did not seem to hold all white people in high regard, but rather he held English people, and persons of English descent, above all others.[26][27][28] While his racist perspective is undeniable, many critics argue this does not detract from his ability to create compelling philosophical worlds which have inspired many artists and readers.[14][28] In his published essays, private letters and personal utterances, he argued for a strong color line, for the purpose of preserving race and culture.[14][26][27][29] These arguments occurred through direct statements against different races in his journalistic work and personal correspondence,[12][14][26][27][28] or perhaps allegorically in his work using non-human races.[18][26][30][31] Reading Lovecraft's work, his racial attitude was seen as more cultural than biological, showing sympathy to others who assimilated into the western culture and even marrying a Jewish woman whom he viewed as "well assimilated."[14][26][27][31] While Lovecraft's racial attitude has been seen as directly influenced by the time, a reflection of the New England society he grew up in,[26][27][28][32][33] this racism appeared stronger than the popular viewpoints held at that time.[28][31] Some researchers note that his views failed to change in the face of increased social change of that time.[14][26]
Risks of a scientific era [edit]
At the turn of the 20th century, man's increased reliance upon science was both opening new worlds and solidifying the manners by which he could understand them. Lovecraft portrays this potential for a growing gap of man's understanding of the universe as a potential for horror. Most notably in "The Colour Out of Space", the inability of science to comprehend a contaminated meteorite leads to horror.
In a letter to James F. Morton in 1923, Lovecraft specifically points to Einstein's theory on relativity as throwing the world into chaos and making the cosmos a jest. And in a 1929 letter to Woodburn Harris, he speculates that technological comforts risk the collapse of science. Indeed, at a time when men viewed science as limitless and powerful, Lovecraft imagined alternative potential and fearful outcomes. In "The Call of Cthulhu", Lovecraft's characters encounter architecture which is "abnormal, non-Euclidian, and loathsomely redolent of spheres and dimensions apart from ours".[34] Non-Euclidean geometry is the mathematical language and background of Einstein's general theory of relativity, and Lovecraft references it repeatedly in exploring alien archaeology.
Religion [edit]
Lovecraft's works are ruled by several distinct pantheons of deities (actually aliens who are worshipped by humans as deities) who are either indifferent or actively hostile to humanity. Lovecraft's actual philosophy has been termed "cosmic indifferentism" and this is expressed in his fiction. Several of Lovecraft's stories of the Old Ones (alien beings of the Cthulhu Mythos), propose alternate mythic human origins in contrast to those found in the creation stories of existing religions, expanding on a natural world view. For instance, in Lovecraft's "At the Mountains of Madness" it is proposed that humankind was actually created as a slave race by the Old Ones. Protagonist characters in Lovecraft are usually educated men, citing scientific and rationalist evidence to support their non-faith. Herbert West–Reanimator reflects on the atheism common within academic circles. In "The Silver Key", the character Randolph Carter loses the ability to dream and seeks solace in religion, specifically Congregationalism, but does not find it and ultimately loses faith.
Lovecraft himself adopted the stance of atheism early in his life. In 1932 he wrote in a letter to Robert E. Howard: "All I say is that I think it is damned unlikely that anything like a central cosmic will, a spirit world, or an eternal survival of personality exist. They are the most preposterous and unjustified of all the guesses which can be made about the universe, and I am not enough of a hair-splitter to pretend that I don't regard them as arrant and negligible moonshine. In theory I am an agnostic, but pending the appearance of radical evidence I must be classed, practically and provisionally, as an atheist."[35]
Influences on Lovecraft [edit]
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Some of Lovecraft's work was inspired by his own nightmares. His interest started from his childhood days when his grandfather would tell him Gothic horror stories.
Lovecraft's biggest influence was Edgar Allan Poe. Lovecraft had many similarities with Poe; they both lost their fathers at a young age, loved poetry, and used archaisms (language that is no longer current) in their writing. They both went against the contemporary styles and created their own worlds of fantasy.
He was influenced by Arthur Machen's carefully constructed tales concerning the survival of ancient evil into modern times in an otherwise realistic world and his beliefs in hidden mysteries which lay behind reality. Lovecraft was also influenced by authors such as Oswald Spengler and Robert W. Chambers. Chambers was the writer of The King in Yellow, of whom Lovecraft wrote in a letter to Clark Ashton Smith: "Chambers is like Rupert Hughes and a few other fallen Titans — equipped with the right brains and education but wholly out of the habit of using them". Lovecraft's discovery of the stories of Lord Dunsany, with their pantheon of mighty gods existing in dreamlike outer realms, moved his writing in a new direction, resulting in a series of imitative fantasies in a "Dreamlands" setting.
He also cited Algernon Blackwood as an influence, quoting The Centaur in the head paragraph of The Call of Cthulhu. He declared Blackwood's story "The Willows" to be the single best piece of weird fiction ever written.[36]
Another inspiration came from a completely different source: scientific progress in biology, astronomy, geology, and physics. His study of science contributed to Lovecraft's view of the human race as insignificant, powerless, and doomed in a materialistic and mechanistic universe. Lovecraft was a keen amateur astronomer from his youth, often visiting the Ladd Observatory in Providence, and penning numerous astronomical articles for local newspapers. His astronomical telescope is now housed in the rooms of the August Derleth Society.
Lovecraft's materialist views led him to espouse his philosophical views through his fiction; these philosophical views came to be called cosmicism. Cosmicism took on a dark tone with his creation of what is today often called the Cthulhu Mythos, a pantheon of alien extra-dimensional deities and horrors which predate humanity, and which are hinted at in aeons-old myths and legends. The term "Cthulhu Mythos" was coined by Lovecraft's correspondent and fellow author, August Derleth, after Lovecraft's death; Lovecraft jocularly referred to his artificial mythology as "Yog-Sothothery".
Lovecraft considered himself a man best suited to the early 18th century. His writing style, especially in his many letters, owes much to Augustan British writers of the Enlightenment like Joseph Addison and Jonathan Swift.
Among the books found in his library (as evidenced in Lovecraft's Library by S. T. Joshi) was The Seven Who Were Hanged by Leonid Andreyev and A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder by James De Mille.
Lovecraft's style has often been criticised by unsympathetic critics, yet scholars such as S. T. Joshi have shown that Lovecraft consciously utilised a variety of literary devices to form a unique style of his own - these include conscious archaism, prose-poetic techniques combined with essay-form techniques, alliteration, anaphora, crescendo, transferred epithet, metaphor, symbolism and colloquialism.
Influence on culture [edit]
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Lovecraft was relatively unknown during his own time. While his stories appeared in the pages of prominent pulp magazines such as Weird Tales (eliciting letters of outrage as often as letters of praise from regular readers of the magazines), not many people knew his name. He did, however, correspond regularly with other contemporary writers, such as Clark Ashton Smith and August Derleth, people who became good friends of his, even though they never met in person. This group of writers became known as the "Lovecraft Circle", since they all freely borrowed elements of Lovecraft's stories – the mysterious books with disturbing names, the pantheon of ancient alien entities, such as Cthulhu and Azathoth, and eldritch places, such as the New England town of Arkham and its Miskatonic University – for use in their own works with Lovecraft's encouragement.
After Lovecraft's death, the Lovecraft Circle carried on. August Derleth in particular added to and expanded on Lovecraft's vision. However, Derleth's contributions have been controversial. While Lovecraft never considered his pantheon of alien gods more than a mere plot device, Derleth created an entire cosmology, complete with a war between the good Elder Gods and the evil Outer Gods, such as Cthulhu and his ilk). The forces of good were supposed to have won, locking Cthulhu and others up beneath the earth, in the ocean, and so forth. Derleth's Cthulhu Mythos stories went on to associate different gods with the traditional four elements of fire, air, earth and water - an artificial constraint which required rationalizations on Derleth's part as Lovecraft himself never envisioned such a scheme.
Lovecraft's fiction has been grouped into three categories by some critics. While Lovecraft did not refer to these categories himself, he did once write, "There are my 'Poe' pieces and my 'Dunsany pieces' – but alas – where are any Lovecraft pieces?"[37]
- Macabre stories (approximately 1905–1920)
- Dream Cycle stories (approximately 1920–1927)
- Cthulhu Mythos/Lovecraft Mythos stories (approximately 1925–1935)
H. P. Lovecraft's writing, particularly the so-called Cthulhu Mythos, has influenced fiction authors including modern horror and fantasy writers such as Stephen King, Bentley Little, Joe R. Lansdale, Alan Moore, Junji Ito, F. Paul Wilson, Brian Lumley, Caitlín R. Kiernan, and Neil Gaiman, have cited Lovecraft as one of their primary influences. Beyond direct adaptation, Lovecraft and his stories have had a profound impact on popular culture. Some influence was direct, as he was a friend, inspiration, and correspondent to many of his contemporaries, such as August Derleth, Robert E. Howard, Robert Bloch and Fritz Leiber. Many later figures were influenced by Lovecraft's works, including author and artist Clive Barker, prolific horror writer Stephen King, comics writers Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman and Mike Mignola, film directors John Carpenter, Stuart Gordon, and Guillermo Del Toro, horror manga artist Junji Ito, and artist H. R. Giger.[38]
Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges wrote his short story "There Are More Things" in memory of Lovecraft. Contemporary French writer Michel Houellebecq wrote a literary biography of Lovecraft called H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life. Prolific American writer Joyce Carol Oates wrote an introduction for a collection of Lovecraft stories. The Library of America published a volume of Lovecraft's work in 2005, essentially declaring him a canonical American writer.[39][40][41] French philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari made reference to Lovecraft in A Thousand Plateaus and called the short story "Through the Gates of the Silver Key" one of his masterpieces.[42]
Music [edit]
Lovecraft's fictional Mythos has influenced a number of musicians. The psychedelic rock band H. P. Lovecraft (who shortened their name to Lovecraft and then Love Craft in the 1970s) who released the H. P. Lovecraft and H. P. Lovecraft II albums in 1967 and 1968 respectively. Metallica recorded a song inspired by "The Call of Cthulhu", an instrumental titled "The Call of Ktulu", and another song based on The Shadow Over Innsmouth titled "The Thing That Should Not Be", and another based on Frank Belknap Long's "The Hounds of Tindalos", titled "All Nightmare Long".[43] Black Sabbath's "Behind the Wall of Sleep" appeared on their 1970 debut album and is based on Lovecraft's short story "Beyond the Wall of Sleep". The Darkest of the Hillside Thickets entire repertoire is Lovecraft-based. Melodic death metal band The Black Dahlia Murder produced "Throne of Lunacy" and "Thy Horror Cosmic" based on the Cthulhu Mythos. Progressive metal band Dream Theater's song "The Dark Eternal Night" is based on Lovecraft's story "Nyarlathotep". UK anarcho-punk band Rudimentary Peni make repeated references in their song titles, lyrics and artwork, including in the album Cacophony, all 30 songs of which are inspired by the life and writings of Lovecraft.[44] In the Iron Maiden album Live After Death, the band mascot, Eddie, is rising from a grave inscribed with the name "H.P. Lovecraft" and a quotation from The Nameless City: "That is not dead which can eternal lie yet with strange aeons even death may die." German metal group Mekong Delta made an album called The Music of Erich Zann.
- Australian experimental blackened death metal band Portal bases all of their lyrics off of Lovecraft's writings.
- The first track in the Greek symphonic death metal band Septic Flesh's album Communion is titled "Lovecraft's Death".
- Doom metal band Catacombs has an album based on Lovecraft titled In the Depths of R'lyeh.
- Swedish death metal band Paganizer provides a song called "Total Lovecraftian Armageddon" in their album Into The Catacombs.
- Swedish doom metal band Draconian includes a track entitled "Cthuluh Rising" on one of their demos Dark Oceans We Cry
- Other metal bands who use these themes include:
- "Cthulhu Dawn" from Cradle of Filth's 2000 album Midian (album), and "The Abhorrent" and "Siding With The Titans" from their 2012 album, The Manticore and Other Horrors, all make displays of Lovecraftian horror. They also released a compilation album in 2002 called Lovecraft & Witch Hearts. "Mother of Abominations", from their 2004 album, Nymphetamine, is introduced with the repetitive chant, "Ia ia Cthulhu Fhtagn".
- In the electro house genre, producer Deadmau5 wrote a song called "Cthulhu Sleeps", which appears on his album 4x4=12.
- The darkwave/dark ambient music duo Nox Arcana released an entire album, titled Necronomicon, inspired by the Cthulhu mythos.
- British Post-Punk band The Fall has several Lovecraft-inspired songs, the most direct of which is"'Spectre Vs Rector" from the Dragnet album, which contains the chant "Yog-Sothoth, rape me lord".
Games [edit]
Lovecraft also has influenced gaming. Chaosium's role-playing game Call of Cthulhu (currently in its sixth major edition) has been in print for 30 years and has garnered consistent praise for the high quality of its campaign and adventure supplements. The board game Arkham Horror and dice game Elder Sign are derived from mechanisms first introduced in the Call of Cthulhu RPG. Two collectible card games are Mythos and Call of Cthulhu, the Living Card Game. Several video games are based on or influenced heavily by Lovecraft such as Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth, Quest for Glory IV: Shadows of Darkness, Shadow of the Comet, Prisoner of Ice, Shadowman, Alone in the Dark, Chzo Mythos, Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, Cthulhu Saves the World, Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened, Amnesia: The Dark Descent, Dead Space, Splatterhouse, Darkness Within: In Pursuit of Loath Nolder, Penumbra, Blood (according to Nick Newhard, its designer) and Quake. The MMORPG The Secret World is heavily based on Lovecraftian lore. In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim – Dragonborn, the Daedric Prince Hermaeus Mora and his realm of Oblivion, Apocrypha, are both heavily influenced by Lovecraft.
Character in fiction [edit]
Aside from his thinly-veiled appearance in Robert Bloch's "The Shambler from the Stars", Lovecraft continues to be used as a character in supernatural fiction. An early version of Ray Bradbury's "The Exiles"[45] uses Lovecraft as a character, who makes a brief, 600-word appearance eating ice cream in front of a fire and complaining about how cold he is. Lovecraft and some associates are included at length in Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea's The Illuminatus! Trilogy (1975).
Other notable works with Lovecraft as a character include Richard Lupoff's Lovecraft's Book (1985), H.P. Lovecraft's: Necronomicon (1993), David Barbour and Richard Raleigh's Shadows Bend (2000), Peter Cannon's The Lovecraft Chronicles (2004) and Stargate SG-1: Roswell (2007). Lovecraft also appears in the Season 6, Episode 21 episode "Let it Bleed" of the TV show Supernatural. A satirical version of Lovecraft named "H.P. Hatecraft" appeared as a recurring character on the Cartoon Network television series Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated.
Survey of the work [edit]
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For most of the 20th century, the definitive editions (specifically At the Mountains of Madness and Other Novels, Dagon and Other Macabre Tales, The Dunwich Horror and Others, and The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions) of his prose fiction were published by Arkham House, a publisher originally started with the intent of publishing the work of Lovecraft, but which has since published a considerable amount of other literature as well. Penguin Classics has at present issued three volumes of Lovecraft's works: The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories, The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories, and most recently The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories. They collect the standard texts as edited by S. T. Joshi, most of which were available in the Arkham House editions, with the exception of the restored text of "The Shadow Out of Time" from The Dreams in the Witch House, which had been previously released by small-press publisher Hippocampus Press. In 2005 the prestigious Library of America canonized Lovecraft with a volume of his stories edited by Peter Straub, and Random House's Modern Library line have issued the "definitive edition" of Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness (also including "Supernatural Horror in Literature").
Lovecraft's poetry is collected in The Ancient Track: The Complete Poetical Works of H. P. Lovecraft (Night Shade Books, 2001), while much of his juvenilia, various essays on philosophical, political and literary topics, antiquarian travelogues, and other things, can be found in Miscellaneous Writings (Arkham House, 1989). Lovecraft's essay "Supernatural Horror in Literature", first published in 1927, is a historical survey of horror literature available with endnotes as The Annotated Supernatural Horror in Literature.
Letters [edit]
Although Lovecraft is known mostly for his works of weird fiction, the bulk of his writing consists of voluminous letters about a variety of topics, from weird fiction and art criticism to politics and history. Lovecraft's biographer L. Sprague De Camp estimates that Lovecraft wrote 100,000 letters in his lifetime, a fifth of which are believed to survive.
He sometimes dated his letters 200 years before the current date, which would have put the writing back in U.S. colonial times, before the American Revolution (a war which offended his Anglophilia). He explained that he thought that the 18th and 20th centuries were the "best"; the former being a period of noble grace, and the latter a century of science.
Lovecraft was not a very active letter-writer in youth. In 1931 he admitted: "In youth I scarcely did any letter-writing — thanking anybody for a present was so much of an ordeal that I would rather have written a two hundred fifty-line pastoral or a twenty-page treatise on the rings of Saturn." (SL 3.369–70). The initial interest in letters stemmed from his correspondence with his cousin Phillips Gamwell but even more important was his involvement in the amateur journalism movement, which was initially responsible for the enormous number of letters Lovecraft produced.
Despite his light letter-writing in youth, in later life his correspondence was so voluminous that it has been estimated that he may have written around 30,000 letters to various correspondents, a figure which places him second only to Voltaire as an epistolarian. Lovecraft's later correspondence is primarily to fellow weird fiction writers, rather than to the amateur journalist friends of his earlier years.
Lovecraft clearly states that his contact to numerous different people through letter-writing was one of the main factors in broadening his view of the world: "I found myself opened up to dozens of points of view which would otherwise never have occurred to me. My understanding and sympathies were enlarged, and many of my social, political, and economic views were modified as a consequence of increased knowledge." (SL 4.389).
Today there are five publishing houses that have released letters from Lovecraft, most prominently Arkham House with its five-volume edition Selected Letters. (Those volumes, however, severely abridge the letters they contain). Other publishers are Hippocampus Press (Letters to Alfred Galpin et al.), Night Shade Books (Mysteries of Time and Spirit: The Letters of H. P. Lovecraft and Donald Wandrei et al..), Necronomicon Press (Letters to Samuel Loveman and Vincent Starrett et al.), and University of Tampa Press (O Fortunate Floridian: H. P. Lovecraft's Letters to R. H. Barlow). S.T. Joshi is supervising an ongoing series of volumes collecting Lovecraft's unabridged letters to particular correspondents.
Ohio University Press also published "Lord of a Visible World — An Autobiography in Letters" in 2000 which presents his letters according to themes, such as adolescence and travel. It was edited by S. T. Joshi and David E. Schultz.
Copyright [edit]
There is controversy over the copyright status of many of Lovecraft's works, especially his later works. Lovecraft had specified that the young R. H. Barlow would serve as executor of his literary estate,[46] but these instructions had not been incorporated into his will. Nevertheless his surviving aunt carried out his expressed wishes, and Barlow was given charge of the massive and complex literary estate upon Lovecraft's death.
Barlow deposited the bulk of the papers, including the voluminous correspondence, with the John Hay Library, and attempted to organize and maintain Lovecraft's other writing. August Derleth, an older and more established writer than Barlow, vied for control of the literary estate. One result of these conflicts was the legal confusion over who owned what copyrights.
All works published before 1923 are public domain in the U.S.[47] However, there is some disagreement over who exactly owns or owned the copyrights and whether the copyrights apply to the majority of Lovecraft's works published post-1923.
Questions center over whether copyrights for Lovecraft's works were ever renewed under the terms of the United States Copyright Act of 1976 for works created prior to January 1, 1978. The problem comes from the fact that before the Copyright Act of 1976 the number of years a work was copyrighted in the U.S. was based on publication rather than life of the author plus a certain number of years and that it was good for only 28 years. After that point, a new copyright had to be filed, and any work that did not have its copyright renewed fell back into the public domain. The Copyright Act of 1976 retroactively extended this renewal period for all works to a period of 47 years[48] and the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998 added another 20 years to that, for a total of 95 years from publication. If the works were renewed, the copyrights would still be valid in the United States.
The European Union Directive on harmonising the term of copyright protection of 1993 extended the copyrights to 70 years after the author's death. So, all works of Lovecraft published during his lifetime, became public domain in all 27 European Union countries on January 1, 2008. In those Berne Convention countries who have implemented only the minimum copyright period, copyright expires 50 years after the author's death.
Lovecraft protégés and part owners of Arkham House, August Derleth and Donald Wandrei, often claimed copyrights over Lovecraft's works. On October 9, 1947, Derleth purchased all rights to Weird Tales. However, since April 1926 at the latest, Lovecraft had reserved all second printing rights to stories published in Weird Tales. Hence, Weird Tales may only have owned the rights to at most six of Lovecraft's tales. Again, even if Derleth did obtain the copyrights to Lovecraft's tales, no evidence as yet has been found that the copyrights were renewed.[49]
S. T. Joshi concludes in his biography, H. P. Lovecraft: A Life, that Derleth's claims are "almost certainly fictitious" and that most of Lovecraft's works published in the amateur press are most likely now in the public domain. The copyright for Lovecraft's works would have been inherited by the only surviving heir of his 1912 will: Lovecraft's aunt, Annie Gamwell. Gamwell herself perished in 1941 and the copyrights then passed to her remaining descendants, Ethel Phillips Morrish and Edna Lewis. Morrish and Lewis then signed a document, sometimes referred to as the Morrish-Lewis gift, permitting Arkham House to republish Lovecraft's works but retaining the copyrights for themselves. Searches of the Library of Congress have failed to find any evidence that these copyrights were then renewed after the 28-year period and, hence, it is likely that these works are now in the public domain.
Chaosium, publishers of the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game, have a trademark on the phrase "The Call of Cthulhu" for use in game products. Another RPG publisher, TSR, Inc., original publisher of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, included in one of that game's earlier supplements, Deities & Demigods (originally published in 1980 and later renamed to "Legends & Lore"), a section on the Cthulhu Mythos; TSR, Inc. later agreed to remove this section at Chaosium's request.
Regardless of the legal disagreements surrounding Lovecraft's works, Lovecraft himself was extremely generous with his own works and actively encouraged others to borrow ideas from his stories, particularly with regard to his Cthulhu mythos. He actively encouraged other writers to reference his creations, such as the Necronomicon, Cthulhu and Yog-Sothoth. After his death, many writers have contributed stories and enriched the shared mythology of the Cthulhu Mythos, as well as making numerous references to his work.
Locations featured in Lovecraft stories [edit]
Lovecraft drew extensively from his native New England for settings in his fiction. Numerous real historical locations are mentioned, and several fictional New England locations make frequent appearances.
Historical locations [edit]
- Pascoag, Rhode Island, in The Horror at Red Hook
- Chepachet, Rhode Island, in The Horror at Red Hook
- Gainesville, Florida, in The Statement of Randolph Carter
- Binger in Caddo County, Oklahoma (The Mound)
- Copp's Hill, Boston, Massachusetts
- Red Line (MBTA)
- Pawtuxet (now Cranston, Rhode Island)
- Newburyport, Massachusetts
- Ipswich, Massachusetts
- Dunedin, New Zealand
- Ayer, Massachusetts
- Bolton, Massachusetts
- Salem, Massachusetts
- Brattleboro, Vermont
- Albany, New York
- Many locations within his hometown of Providence, Rhode Island, including the (then purportedly haunted) Halsey House, Prospect Terrace and Brown University's John Hay Library and John Carter Brown Library.
- Danvers State Hospital, in Danvers, Massachusetts, which is largely believed to have served as inspiration for the infamous Arkham sanatorium from "The Thing on the Doorstep".
- Catskill Mountains, New York
- New York City, New York
- Mainalo Mountain, Arcadia, Greece
- Tegea, Arcadia, Greece
- Kilderry, Ireland
- Nome, Alaska
- Noatak, Alaska
- Fort Morton, Alaska, in "The Horror in the Museum"
- New Orleans, Louisiana, in "The Call of Cthulhu", including a mention of Tulane University.
- Newport, Rhode Island
- Paterson, New Jersey, in "The Call of Cthulhu"
- Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, in "The Beast in the Cave"
- Oslo, Norway, in "The Call of Cthulhu"
Fictional locations [edit]
- Miskatonic University in the fictional Arkham, Massachusetts
- Dunwich, Massachusetts
- Innsmouth, Massachusetts
- Kingsport, Massachusetts
- Aylesbury, Massachusetts
- Martin's Beach
- The Miskatonic River
- The fictional Central University Library at the real University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. According to Lovecraft there is a copy of the Necronomicon here, but the University of Buenos Aires never had a central library.
Bibliography [edit]
Further reading [edit]
- The Strange Sound of Cthulhu: Music Inspired by the Writings of H. P. Lovecraft (ISBN 978-1-84728-776-2), written by Gary Hill.
- Lovecraft: Disturbing the Universe (ISBN 0-8131-1728-3), by Donald R. Burleson, PhD, a longtime scholar on Lovecraft and acquaintance of S. T. Joshi, is probably the only book analyzing Lovecraft's literature from a deconstructionist standpoint. University Press of Kentucky, November 1990.
- The Gentleman From Angell Street: Memories of H. P. Lovecraft ( ISBN 978-0-9701699-1-4), written by Muriel and C. M. Eddy, Jr. is a collection of personal remembrances and anecdotes from two of Lovecraft's closest friends in Providence. The Eddys were fellow writers, and Mr. Eddy was a frequent contributor to Weird Tales.
- Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos (ISBN 0-586-04166-4), written by Lin Carter in 1972, is a survey of Lovecraft's work (along with that of other members of the Lovecraft Circle) with considerable information on his life.
- The Rise and Fall of the Cthulhu Mythos by S. T. Joshi (Mythos Books, 2008) is the first full-length critical study since Lin Carter's to examine the development of Lovecraft's Mythos and its outworking in the oeuvres of various modern writers.
- The first full-length biography was Lovecraft: a Biography (ISBN 0-345-25115-6), written by L. Sprague de Camp; published in 1975, it is now out of print.
- Frank Belknap Long's Howard Phillips Lovecraft: Dreamer on the Nightside (Arkham House, 1975, ISBN 0-87054-068-8) presents a more personal look at Lovecraft's life, combining reminiscence, biography and literary criticism. Long was a friend and correspondent of Lovecraft, as well as a fellow fantasist who wrote a number of Lovecraft-influenced Cthulhu Mythos stories (including The Hounds of Tindalos).
- A newer, more extensive biography is H. P. Lovecraft: A Life (ISBN 0-940884-88-7) written by Lovecraft scholar S. T. Joshi. An alternative is Joshi's abridged A Dreamer & A Visionary: H. P. Lovecraft in His Time (ISBN 0-85323-946-0). An unabridged reprint in two volumes of Joshi's biography, newly retitled I Am Providence:", was published in 2010 by Hippocampus Press.
- An English translation of Michel Houellebecq's H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life (ISBN 1-932416-18-8) was published by Believer Books in 2005.
- Other significant Lovecraft-related works are An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia by Joshi and David S. Schulz; Lovecraft's Library: A Catalogue (a meticulous listing of many of the books in Lovecraft's now scattered library), by Joshi; Lovecraft at Last, an account by Willis Conover of his teenage correspondence with Lovecraft; Joshi's A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft.
- Andrew Migliore and John Strysik's Lurker in the Lobby: The Guide to the Cinema of H. P. Lovecraft and Charles P. Mitchell's The Complete H. P. Lovecraft Filmography both discuss films containing Lovecraftian elements.
- Lovecraft's prose fiction being published as corrected texts were released by Arkham House in the 1980s, and many other collections of his stories have appeared, including Ballantine Books editions and three Del Rey editions. The three collections published by Penguin, The Call of Cthulhu and Other Weird Stories, The Thing on the Doorstep and Other Weird Stories, and The Dreams in the Witch House and Other Weird Stories, incorporate the modifications made in the corrected texts as well as the annotations provided by Joshi.
- Lovecraft's ghost-written works are compiled in The Horror in the Museum and Other Revisions, edited again by Joshi.
- Some of Lovecraft's writings are annotated with footnotes or endnotes. In addition to the Penguin editions mentioned above and The Annotated Supernatural Horror in Literature, Joshi has produced The Annotated H. P. Lovecraft as well as More Annotated H. P. Lovecraft, both of which are footnoted extensively.
- An Epicure in the Terrible (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1991), edited by David E. Schultz and S. T. Joshi is an anthology of 13 essays on Lovecraft (excluding Joshi's lengthy introduction)on the centennial of Lovecraft's birth. The essays are arranged into 3 sections; Biographical, Thematic Studies and Comparative and Genre Studies. The authors include S. T. Joshi, Kenneth W. Faig, Jr, Jason C. Eckhardt, Will Murray, Donald R. Burleson, Peter Cannon, Stefan Dziemianowicz, Steven J. Mariconda, David E. Schultz, Robert H. Waugh, Robert M. Price, R. Boerem, Norman R. Gatford and Barton Levi St. Armand.
- "H. P. Lovecraft: Alone in Space," chapter 3 in Emperors of Dreams: Some Notes on Weird Poetry by S. T. Joshi (Sydney: P'rea Press, 2008: ISBN 978-0-9804625-3-1 (pbk) and ISBN 978-0-9804625-4-8 (hbk)), discusses some of Lovecraft's weird poetry.
- The Intersection of Fantasy and Native America: From H.P. Lovecraft to Leslie Marmon Silko edited by Amy H. Sturgis and David D. Oberhelman (Mythopoeic Press, 2009: ISBN 978-1-887726-12-2).
- Poole, W. Scott. Monsters in America: Our Historical Obsession with the Hideous and the Haunting. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-1-60258-314-6.
- Anderson, James Arthur. Out of the Shadows: a structuralist approach to understanding the fiction of H.P. Lovecraft (The Milford Series, Popular Writers of Today, Vol. 75 Wildside Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-8095-3002-1 A close reading of Lovecraft's fiction.
Notes [edit]
- ^ Joshi, S.T. "Introduction". The Weird Tale.
- ^ Don G. Smith, H. P. Lovecraft in Popular Culture, 2005, ISBN 0-7864-2091-X,page 85, "Lovecraft never had much good to say about families either"
- ^ Joyce Carol Oates (October 31, 1996). "The King of Weird". The New York Review of Books 43 (17). Retrieved 2009-02-15.
- ^ King quoted on front cover of 1982 paperback edition of The Best of H. P. Lovecraft: Bloodcurdling Tales of Horror and the Macabre published by Del Rey Books with introduction by Robert Bloch. Other sources quote King as calling this judgement of Lovecraft "undeniable"[1] or "beyond doubt."[2]
- ^ Wohleber, Curt (December 1995). The Man Who Can Scare Stephen King (volume 46, issue 8). American Heritage Magazine.
- ^ http://www.librosgratisweb.com/pdf/king-stephen/danse-macabre.pdf Pg 63
- ^ a b Joshi, Schultz 2001, p. xiii
- ^ S. T. Joshi, "A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft", Wildside Press (1996), p 14.
- ^ An Epicure In The Terrible.
- ^ Joshi, Schultz 2001, p. xv
- ^ This situation is closely paralleled in the semi-autobiographical "He", as noted by Michel Houellebecq in 'H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life
- ^ a b H. P. Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life, Michel Houellebecq
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b c d e f Joshi, S. (2001). P.+intitle:Lovecraft+intitle:in+intitle:his+intitle:time&hl=en&ei=usJXTr6LF8X40gHD9MXIDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false A Dreamer and a Visionary: H. P. Lovecraft in his Time. Liverpool University Press. pp. 95, 97, 111, 221–222, 359–360. ISBN 0-85323-936-3.
- ^ H. P. Lovecraft Letter to Farnsworth Wrigth (July 27, 1927), in Selected Letters 1925-1929 (Sauk City, Wisconsin: Arkham House, 1968), p.150.
- ^ a b Burleson, Donald (1991). "On Lovecraft's Themes: Touching the Glass". an Epicure in the Terrible: a centennial Anthology of Essay's in Honor of H. P. Lovecraft (Associated University Pressess). pp. 135–147. ISBN 0-8386-3415-X.
- ^ Dziemianowicz, Stefan (1991). "Outsiders and Aliens". an Epicure in the Terrible: a centennial Anthology of Essay's in Honor of H. P. Lovecraft (Associated University Pressess). pp. 159–187. ISBN 0-8386-3415-X.
- ^ a b Hambly, Barbara (1996). "Introduction: The Man Who Loved His Craft". The transition of H. P. Lovecraft: the road to madness (The Random House Publishing Group). p. viii. ISBN 0-345-38422-9.
- ^ Burleson, Donald (1990). Lovecraft: Disturbing the Universe. the University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-1728-3.
- ^ Schweitzer, Darrell (2001). Discovering H. P. Lovecraft. Borgo Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-58715-471-3.
- ^ Price, Robert M. (1991). Introduction:The New Lovecraft Circle. Random House Publishing. ISBN 0-345-44406-X.
- ^ St. Armand, Barton Levi (1991). "Synchronistic Worlds: Lovecraft and Borges". an Epicure in the Terrible: a centennial Anthology of Essay's in Honor of H. P. Lovecraft (Associated University Pressess). pp. 319–320. ISBN 0-8386-3415-X.
- ^ S. T. Joshi, H. P. Lovecraft: Decline of the West, (Starmont Studies in Literary Criticism, No. 37), Borgo Pr, 1991, ISBN 978-1-55742-208-8.
- ^ China Miéville's introduction to "At the Mountains of Madness", Modern Library Classics, 2005
- ^ Joshi, S. T. (1996). A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft. Wildside Press LLC, p. 38. ISBN 1-880448-61-0
- ^ a b c d e f g Joshi, S. T. (1996). A Subtler Magic: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft. Borgo Press. pp. 22, 41–42, 76–77, 107–108, 162, 229, 230. ISBN 1-880448-61-0.
- ^ a b c d e Steiner, Bernd (2005). H. P. Lovecraft and the Literature of the fantastic: explorations in a Literary Genre. GRIN Verlag. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-3-638-84462-8.
- ^ a b c d e Tyson, Donald (2010). The Dream World of H. P. Lovecraft: His Life, His Demons, His Universe. Llewellyn Publications. pp. 5–6, 57–59. ISBN 978-0-7387-2284-9.
- ^ David Punter, (1996), The Literature of Terror: A History of Gothic Fictions from 1765 to the Present Day, Vol. I, 'Modern Gothic", p. 40.
- ^ Bloch, Robert (1982). "Introduction: Heritage of Horror". The Best of H. P. Lovecraft: Bloodcurdling Tales of Horror and the Macabre (The Random House Publishing Group). p. xii. ISBN 0-345-38422-9.
- ^ a b c Mieville, China (2005). "Introduction". At the Mountains of Madness (The Random House Publishing Group). p. xvii-xx. ISBN 0-8129-7441-7.
- ^ Schweitzer, Darrell (1998). Windows of the Imagination. Wildside Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 1-880448-60-2.
- ^ Schwader, Ann (2004). "Mail Order Bride". Eldritch Blue: Love and Sex in the Cthulhu Mythos (Lindisfarne Press). p. 59. ISBN 0-9740297-5-0.
- ^ Lovecraft, "The Call of Cthulhu", p. 151.
- ^ H. P. Lovecraft Letter to Robert E. Howard (August 16, 1932), in Selected Letters 1932-1934 (Sauk City, Wisconsin: Arkham House, 1976), p.57."
- ^ "In this essay Lovecraft calls W. H. Hodgeson the second best writer of weird fictions behind Blackwood. Later, he says Blackwood's best work is "The Willows"". Gaslight.mtroyal.ca. 1988-01-01. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Letter to Elizabeth Toldridge, March 8, 1929, quoted in Lovecraft: A Look Behind the Cthulhu Mythos
- ^ Giger, Hansruedi (2005): Necronomicon I & II. Erftstadt: Area.
- ^ H. P. Lovecraft. "H.P Lovecraft: Tales (The Library of America)". Loa.org. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ "The Horror, the Horror!". The Weekly Standard. 2005-03-07. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Kenney, Michael (2005-02-15). /15/the_library_of_america_scares_up_a_collection_of_lovecrafts_local_lore/ "The Library of America scares up a collection of Lovecraft's local lore — The Boston Globe". Boston.com. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ Deleuze, Gilles & Guattari, Félix (translated by Brian Massumi). A Thousand Plateaus. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993, p. 240, 539
- ^ "CANOE - JAM! Music - Artists - Metallica: Interview with James Hetfield". Jam.canoe.ca. 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ "Rudimentary Peni: Cacophony". Deathrock.com. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^ Published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Volume 1 No. 2 (Winter-Spring 1950), and later to become part of Bradbury's Martian Chronicles
- ^ Joshi, Schultz 2001, p. 16
- ^ How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a Work- U.S. Copyright Office
- ^ Copyright Basics by Terry Carroll 1994
- ^ William Johns, 'Lovecraft Copyright', archived at http://phantasmal.sourceforge.net/Innsmouth/LovecraftCopyright.html
References [edit]
- Dziemianowicz, Stefan (July 12, 2010), "Terror Eternal: The enduring popularity of H.P. Lovecraft", Publishers Weekly
- Extract from H P Lovecraft: Against the World, Against Life by Michel Houellebecq
- "H.P. Lovecraft's Afterlife" by John J. Miller of the Wall Street Journal
- Sante, Luc (October 19, 2006), "The Heroic Nerd", The New York Review of Books (New York) 53 (16): 37
- Joshi, S. T.; Schultz, David E. (2001). An H.P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group.
External links [edit]
Find more about H. P. Lovecraft at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
Media from Commons | |
Quotations from Wikiquote | |
Source texts from Wikisource | |
Travel information from Wikivoyage |
- H. P. Lovecraft at the Internet Movie Database
- The H.P. Lovecraft Archive
- The eBook Lovecraft Collection
- H. P. Lovecraft at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
- "H.P. Lovecraft" by S. T. Joshi
- The H.P. Lovecraft Film Festival and CthulhuCon
- The H.P. Lovecraft Historical Society
- A Virtual Walking Tour of Lovecraft's Providence
- The Howard P. Lovecraft Collection in Special Collections at John Hay Library [4]
- Works by H. P. Lovecraft at Project Gutenberg
- H. P. Lovecraft public domain audiobooks from LibriVox
- 1890 births
- 1937 deaths
- American agnostics
- American atheists
- American socialists
- American fantasy writers
- American horror writers
- American people of English descent
- American science fiction writers
- Cancer deaths in Rhode Island
- Cthulhu Mythos writers
- Deaths from colorectal cancer
- H. P. Lovecraft
- Materialists
- People from Providence, Rhode Island
- Pulp fiction writers
- Science fiction critics
- Writers from Rhode Island
- 20th-century American novelists


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What happens after a juvenile is cited for a crime in Placer County?
Upon receipt of the juvenile crime report, a referral will be made to the Placer County Probation Department. The Placer County Juvenile Probation Department will make a formal written contact with the juvenile within two months following the citation.
What is a Juvenile Citation Hearing?
A Juvenile Citation Hearing is a formal probation meeting held by the Placer County Probation Department. Individuals present at the meeting may include a probation officer, a social worker intern, parents of the juvenile and the juvenile who was cited. If the juvenile does not contest the citation, and with parents consent, they may be assigned to Informal Probation or Peer Court depending on the status of offense.
What is Informal Probation?
If on informal probation, a minor is required to observe good behavior for a period of six months, make restitution to the victim for any damages, and obey parents. If deemed necessary, parents will be required to participate in a parent skill-building program for defiant or strong willed youth called Parent Project.
What is Formal Probation?
More serious crimes, such as burglary or robbery, will rarely be handled informally. If the charge is a felony (the most serious category of crimes) the law requires the probation department to refer the case to the District Attorney. Mandatory referral is also required when the child has had a prior crime which was handled informally. The probation department's phone number is: 916-784-6432.
What if your child displays defiant behavior but has not been cited for a crime?
The Placer County Sheriff's Office is committed to law enforcement intervention. School Resource Officers, specially trained in handling juvenile crime, are available for parents to talk to or make referrals. Parents are also encouraged to contact the Sheriff's Office and have a patrol deputy respond and talk with their child or teen and the family at the time the incident is occurring. Parent Project is also an effective program for parents.
What is Parent Project and Parent Project Teen?
Parent Project is in 33 states and has taught over 300,000 parents nationwide, and offered in Roseville. It is a 10-week skill-building course for parents of strong-willed or defiant youth. Most parents have tried unsuccessfully, counseling, lecturing, and restriction. Parent Project puts parents "back in charge". Parent Project Teen is a 10-week skill-building program for juveniles whose parents are attending Parent Project. Ages are 17 – 11. Teens don't view themselves as having problems; it's everyone else that is causing them to have problems. Teen will lean about labeling their feelings, sexualizing their behavior, peer pressure, drugs/alcohol and future choices.
Can families get help with truancy or running away behavior?
Running away or truancy is not a criminal offense, yet they are possibly early indicators of future criminal behavior. The Placer County Sheriff's Office has a full-time deputy assigned to each high school and middle school, and elementary school in the county. These cases come to the attention of law enforcement because of the at-risk behavior involved. If you would like to contact the officer assigned to your child's school please call the Sheriff's Office, South Placer Sub-Station at 916-652-2400.
I would like to find out who the school resource officer is for my child's school.Contact the Sheriff's Office at 916-652-2400 or the Sheriff's website at www.placer.ca.gov/sheriff


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About the speakers
Matthew Curry, Head of E-commerce, Lovehoney
Matthew Curry is Head of E-commerce for Lovehoney. He's seen things you wouldn't believe actually exist let alone are bought online, is not easily embarrassed and has worked in e-commerce for nearly ten years. Previous to perverting the nation, he sold frozen food to the elderly. He's a statistician by trade, a perfumer by fancy and a constant delight at parties. You can find him on Twitter @mattycurry.


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Posted on October 11, 2011, in Best To Wear, Devils Army, New Jersey Devils, NHL and tagged barr, Best to Wear, Devils, dowd, hockey, jersey, macmillan, madden, mair, mcammond, new, New Jersey Devils, shanahan. Bookmark the permalink. 1 Comment.
Devils Army Blog
The Devils Army Blog is written for the Devils Army by the Devils Army Generals. The Devils Army Generals provide an inside look at the organization and from the perspective of some of the biggest fans of Jersey's Team. Founded in early 2011, the Devils Army Generals engage and interact with the Devils Army using digital platforms and are creating an online fan base other teams envy.@DevilsGenerals
- We take a look back... What If Patrik Wasn't Precise? bit.ly/13sI7IP 4 days ago
- RT @njdevil00: #NHL14Facts: Cats have Brodeur like reflexes. #NHL14Brodeur #NHL14CoverVote 5 days ago
- Happy Birthday to nhldevils d-man, Mark #Fayne! #njdevils instagram.com/p/ZV4z2hox4v/ 6 days ago
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breaking news
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Kris Schuller anchors Local 5 News at Four and is a General Assignment Reporter for WFRV.
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Los Angeles, CA (PRWEB) February 13, 2013
Incidents of bariatric surgery performed on teenagers are on the rise in America. While new reports suggest that bariatric surgery may be the best option available for obese teens, Diet Doc reminds consumers that the company offers equal results to those of invasive bariatric surgery, yet without any of the hassle, potentially harmful side effects, and invasiveness. Diet Doc reveals an improved program for teenagers over 18, who desperately must lose weight in order to prevent dangerous, obesity related health risks. Diet Doc offers fast weight loss for post-pubescent teens with customized hCG diet plans, eliminating the need for surgery.
Invasive bariatric surgery has been deemed safe for weight loss, but the procedure is not without inherent risk and health hazardous complications. WebMD reports that more and more teenagers are now choosing bariatric surgery as their preferred choice for weight loss. Yet this invasive procedure, like any other that requires a hospital stay, is not without serious health risks, including infection, trauma to the operation site, and unforeseen medical mistakes. ABC news reports that teenagers who are already obese are prone to heart problems stemming from their obesity. The positive effects of weight loss are also well established. Dr. Marc Michalsky, with Nationwide Children's Hospital says, "Many of the abnormalities that we documented during the initial baseline study, actually showed significant improvement after the weight loss had been obtained." Diet Doc's hCG diet plans are equally, and often times more effective for losing weight than invasive bariatric surgery, yet boasts none of the inherent risks of a medical procedure. Their sophisticated diet plans produce great results, and also lead to improved heart function and reduced risk of heart related disease. Not only do these diet plans help patients lose weight quickly and safely, but in-house nutritionists individually design a nutrition plan for each client, leading to a lifetime of habit changing behavior. President of Diet Doc, Julie Wright claims that "Bariatric surgery merely treats the symptoms of weight gain, while our hCG diet plans treat both the symptoms and the causes, teaching patients about making healthy choices, staying steadfast, and using these new good habits to maintain a healthy lifestyle indefinitely."
Bariatric surgery does produce fast weight loss, but not without all too frequent side effects for patients. Studies show that invasive gastric bypass, bariatric, and Lap-Band surgery are still very complicated and risky procedures. A study of insurance claims of 2522 patients that underwent bariatric surgery revealed that 21.9% of patients experienced complications during the initial hospital stay and a total of 40% had a risk of complications in the subsequent 180 days. Inherent risks of detrimental side effects still accompany invasive bariatric surgery like serious infections, gastro-intestinal trauma, and painful incisions in the skin and tissue. A less invasive, equally effective weight loss method exists, called the hCG diet deemed safe for nearly everyone, including teenagers over 16 years old.
Diet Doc offers proven effective hCG diet plans that produce equal to and often greater results than risky bariatric surgery. For teens that desperately need to lose weight an hCG weight loss diet could be the difference between contracting dangerous weight related diseases like heart disease, certain cancers, diabetes, and living a fruitful, healthy life free of disease. The company's hCG diet plans are recommended for any teen over the age of 18, and in addition, a teenager's high metabolism often generates greater results with far less effort than their older counterparts. For anyone not willing to subject themselves to invasive bariatric surgery, hCG diet plans provide fast weight loss with little to no side effects and often times greater results than with painful bariatric surgery. Patients on this plan routinely lose a pound per day, and 30 pounds per month.
Julie Wright adds that "There is no need for people to resort to risky bariatric surgery or Lap-band surgery. Diet Doc can help every person lose weight, guaranteed. hCG treatment is medically supervised, and used in conjunction with a personalized low calorie, high protein diet, enabling patients to lose weight fast in the most stubborn areas like waist, hips, and underarms." Diet Doc offers clients prescription strength hCG along with immensely important unlimited consultation 6 days a week and personalized care. Diet Doc physicians and counselors provide unlimited diet support enabling clients to meet and surpass their health goals now, and continue to a lifetime of healthy living.
Contact Diet Doc:
Follow: Twitter.com/DietDoc10
Friend: Facebook.com/dietdochcg


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The flurry of brilliant colors, feathers, drums and dancing of the Grand Entry was nothing less than spectacular. American Indians from all across the United States and Canada gathered to perform and participate in drum and dance competitions. Bright yellows, reds, sparkles and feathers galore adorned the participants. Feet stepped, jumped and spun to the time of the drums. My ten-year-old daughter Nikki and I sat in the grass in front of the bleachers encircling the dance area. We were just a few feet (and hay barriers) away from dancers. They were men, women, and children of all ages. One little girl and boy all dressed up looked about two years old. My daughter, camera in hand, caught it all.
The Ossahatochee Indian Festival and Pow Wow in Hamilton is held on the third weekend in October, so on Saturday, we headed toward Hamilton. The policy of the festival is "no alcohol, no coolers, no drugs, no pets, no politics." You can be assured it is a fun family day trip. The entry fee is pretty reasonable: $8 for adults, $5 for children 6-12, and children 5 & under free. However, as you can't bring in coolers, and there are crafts for sale, extra money is a must. My "Indian Taco" cost $7. It was a lot of taco for the money and I couldn't finish it all. Our daughter saw a lot of other children of all ages carrying bows and arrows. Having given her $10, she now owns her own bow and two arrows (with the points carefully taped with electric tape.)
It worked out perfectly that the festival was on this weekend. Nikki had a teepee project that she was working on for a 4th grade class. Before us was a teepee encampment all set up. The owners waited inside to share their stories. From one man we found out that only one in three (at the most) teepees were decorated. And then the design had to come from a dream or a vision. His own design came from a dream. His symbols represented Christian beliefs.
There were reenactors with muskets and a mini cannon demonstration at an early American military encampment. Pottery making, basketry, corn shuck dolls, and wet-scrape tanning were all there to enjoy.
One of the most touching events was the Veterans Honor Dance. Any veterans in the audience, including police and firefighters, were invited into the circle. There they were honored with a special musical presentation of singing and drums. They were led out with dancing.
The hoop dancewas where an Indian (which is the term they used) danced with at least eight bright yellow hoops and created whatever he pictured in his mind with hoops twirling on arms, shoulders and legs as he danced to the drums. A blanket was laid down for donations. Members of the audience went on to the field to place down the donation. The Emcee, Ron Colombe, explained that this is a tradition that goes back into history. To show respect to the hoop dancer, those watching would leave gifts. "Only today, you can't spend a special gift at Wal-Mart," laughed the emcee.
Some of the competition dancing that we enjoyed included the Fancy Shawl Dance, the Jingle Dress Dance and also the more sedate and respectful traditional dances.
I wish we could have seen the demonstrations of primitive technologies such as flint-knapping, fire by friction, atlatl spear, blow gun, and other tools. But on Saturday, those demonstrations were shown at sundown. While you could get a bracelet to get back in, we were not going to stay in the area all day long. It was an hour drive back to Thomaston. So, we missed this part of the Pow Wow. The Sunday demonstrations were earlier in the morning.
If you have never been to a Pow Wow, and we had not, I'd recommend it. And if you are feeling particularly brave, you might want to join in with the dancers on the "everybody dances" time. Or maybe just take pictures.


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30.Jun.10 Greater Cambridge Athletic Network hosts first QuadKids Final
On Saturday 5th June 2010 the Greater Cambridge Athletic Network (GCAN) hosted the first GCAN QuadKids Final. The competition comprised of composite teams from local schools and junior athletic clubs including; East Cambridgeshire AC, Priory Junior School, Cambridge Community Athletic Club and Impington Community Athletic Club.
28.Jun.10 Athletics Network coverage in the South
Martin Beaver, Area Team leader for the South of England has compiled a document which summarises Athletics Network coverage in the South.
28.Jun.10 Bedfordshire Athletics Network seeking Network Activator
The Bedfordshire McCain Athletics Network (BMAN) are offering a contract of service arrangement to a well organised and motivated individual to oversee the promotional, financial, coach liaison and general administrative tasks associated with ensuring the success of the operation of this network.


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stevekur Reviews: 1 |
Another Brilliant episode, glad to see the boys return for a highly anticipated 3rd season. Love the referance that was used in this episode. dont want to give away any spoilers.... just watch it, and you'll know what i mean... Read more Review posted on Friday, October 5th 2007 at 7:58 am |
baconTV Reviews: 19 |
This series will have an X-files style death allowing the subplot dominance of the weekly episodes. How long can writers maintain twists and turns of the actual apocalypse? Read more Review posted on Friday, May 18th 2012 at 9:31 pm |
Zepar Reviews: 6 |
First of all, this show is incredible, so incredible I watched all three seasons in a little under a week. Read more Review posted on Saturday, November 29th 2008 at 8:48 pm |


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Snorkels Flexible Snorkels Purge Valve Snorkels Semi-Dry Top Snorkels Tusa Snorkels
This product has a limited warranty of 12 months.
www.tusa.com(800) 482-2282
Whats in the box:Tusa Imprex Hyperdry Snorkel with Snorkel Keeper
(based on 2 reviews)
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Perfect, I use it for lap swimming.
By Ed
from Lynn Ma 01905
About Me Professional
Best Uses
Comments about Tusa Imprex Hyperdry Snorkel:
As I stated, I use it for lap swimming. For me, it is a perfect fit with my Seal Mask. I have been using a snorkel for 12 years 3-4 times a year, this is my 3rd Tusa.
Comment on this review
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Works well, used in confined water cert.
By jR
from Iowa
About Me Novice Diver
I can only compare this to cheaper versions of snorkels, like those purchased from [...] (which would fill with water easily.) Snorkel worked great, it got a little water inside but I managed to use it for my 300 yard swim and very seldom did I have to purge. My only complaint, the Cobalt Blue looked purple to me and it did not match the cobalt blue on my Tusa fins!
Copyright © 2006 LeisurePro Ltd. All Rights Reserved LeisurePro • 42 West 18th Street • New York, NY • 10011 • 1.800.637.6880 For technical difficulties please contact our webmaster


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From what turns us on to the crucial role kissing plays in romance and relationships (18 Photos)
Is It in His Kiss?
Oh, yes. Osculation, the scientific term for kissing, in many ways says everything about your compatibility with your mate and the health of your relationship. We asked scientist and journalist Sheril Kirshenbaum, author of the new book, The Science of Kissing: What Our Lips Are Telling Us, to tackle some of your top questions when it comes to smooching. Curious to know what happens inside our brains and bodies when we do it? Wondering whether a kiss means more to you than to your guy, or whether you can make your make-out session even better? Read on.


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Philadelphia's Authority on Food, Drink and Deals.
Follow us on Tumblr for Foobooz highlights that include the best photography, quotes and who knows what else.
Unofficial Map: Transportation of Walt Disney World Resort, Florida
Here's a seriously impressive piece of work by Arthur de Wolf that I came...
Philadelphia Freedom Art Print by Aaron Draplin
this week, since i'm off on friday, i can take hour lunches (love/hate summer hours). which is perfect because i've been meaning to get over to ...
Vintage Philly Beers T-shirt (http://www.retrophilly.com/Vintage-Philly-Beers-p/rr057.htm)
Southwark and Sly Fox team up for a beer dinner.


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This Swirl Soccer Goalie Jersey has an unique sublimated swirl design with additional designs along the length of the sleeve. It is made of 100% polyester high-luster fabric with a "V" neck collar. This jersey has an embroidered logo below the collar with padded elbows.
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Product Description
Unique sublimated swirl design with additional designs along length of sleeve.100% polyester high-luster fabric with "V" neck collar. Embroidered logo below collar.
Padded elbows.
Around the chest measurements in inches: YS=32, YM=33, YL=37, AS=41, AM=43, AL=46, AXL=49, AXXL=51
Matching Swirl Goalkeeper Gloves Item# E1683
Usually ships within 1 to 2 business days.
Heat Press Decoration... Allow an extra 3 to 5 business days, plus shipping time.
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For decoration details and pricing please call: 888-269-2440.
Due to color differences in monitors, the colors on this site are for reference only. Please contact Epic Sports if you have any color questions.
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Jerseys look good and appear to be of good quality. Ordered them for our rec league so the price was great!
A. DURLE (Pennsylvania) on January 22, 2013
purchased the jersy for our 12 yr old son. He is a little above average size for his age. The jersey i a little big, but we wanted it that way. It was a great value and we are very pleased with our purchase.
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Good quality good fit fast shipping.
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text: Pussies? They go through a lot more than testicles. So, instead of calling them something strong that takes a beating and can push out a 6 - 9 pound baby, call them something soft that hangs on the outside and is extremely sensitive to any touch, be it with a lot of force or not.


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Beautiful goodbye
its too mainstream to do nothing while we were waiting for the train.. so here's some little-short project we made in station.. (:
Taken by spidey27 with a Nikon FM3a loaded with diy redscale fuji superia 200 film in Bandung, Indonesia. These tags describe this photo: station, boy, train, goodbye, farewell, girl, beautiful, and beauty. Date: 2013-01. Time: Noon. This photo can also be found in the album Beautiful goodbye.Please login to get more out of this site
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This sale is for one Authentic Ruler Prop Swatch Autograph card of RYAN SHAMROCK. This card is 200pt thick, from the 2011 Benchwarmer Hot For Teacher Trading Cards. The lettering are in Blue Foil, numbered #7 on the back. The signature is in Blue Ink with serial number #1/2, in NRMT-MINT condition.
Alicia Nicole Webb (born May 4, 1979) is an American professional wrestling valet. She is perhaps best known for her appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1998 until 1999 as Ryan Shamrock
Postage is $5 for Registered Post within Australia. International Registered Airmail is $12. Each additional card is $0.50 ($1 for each 200pt thick card), with maximum cost of $25. Save on postage with multiple purchases, and Sydney buyers can pay cash & pick up in person at Villawood.
You can pay by cheque/money order/bank deposit/Paypal. Item will be sent out after confirmation of payment. Feel free to check my response to offer with confidence.
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If you have time, please view my other sales on many various items, including Bench Warmer, Rugby League, Yu-Gi-Oh, sports & non-sports cards. Thank you for reading, and good luck.
This item has been shown 108 times.


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CHICAGO (MarketWatch) -- The Starz cable movie channel will start talking to potential buyers right after it is spun off Liberty Media Corp. /quotes/zigman/13637761/quotes/nls/lmca LMCA -1.45% next month, the Wall Street Journal reported Wednesday, citing unnamed sources. The news follows word Tuesday that Starz will not extend a current contract with Walt Disney /quotes/zigman/245568/quotes/nls/dis DIS -1.47% that applies to movies hitting theaters through 2015. Netflix /quotes/zigman/87598/quotes/nls/nflx NFLX +1.52% will get those rights instead. The deal gives Starz the rights to a dozen movies a year for which it pays about $200 million, the newspaper noted.
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NIV Archaeological Study Bible, Bonded Leather Red 1984Zondervan / 2006 / Bonded Leather
$27.99 (CBD Price)
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CBD Stock No: WW35375
Product DescriptionAn Illustrated Walk Through Biblical History and Culture, The NIV Archaeological Study Bible sheds new light on the Bible. From the beginnings of Genesis to the end of Revelation, this new study Bible is filled with informative articles and full-color photographs of places and objects that will open your eyes to the historical context of the stories you read and the people you meet in Scripture. From kings and empires to weapons of war to clay pots used for carrying water, the archaeological record surrounding God's Word will help contextualize and inform your personal study. Features:
Product Information
Related ProductsPublisher's DescriptionFeaturing a four-color interior, over 500 full-color photographs, in-text maps, detailed charts, study notes and cultural facts that bring the ancient biblical world to life
The Archaeological Study Bible will opens your eyes to the archaeological, historical, and cultural contexts of the stories you read and the people you meet in Scripture.
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text: The Ribcap is a soft, flexible cap that hardens on impact to protect the head from damage. The secret lies in the use of an elastomeric compound called d3o. It was discovered by researchers at University of Hertfordshire. It's a shear thickening material, which is flexible when moved slowly, but when it is compressed by… [Continue Reading]


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Plot for coin number 92.1057
Object type: Coin
Region: British
Area: Western
Tribe/ Civitas: Dobunni
Van Arsdell type: 1135.01
Allen type: DOB I
Metal type: Silver
Weight: 0.71 g
Notes: Slight wear.
Obverse die: 0
Reverse die: 0
Findspot details
Country: ENGLAND
County: OXFORDSHIRE
Findspot known as:
Discovery year: 1992
Discovery method: Metal detector
This map is limited to a maximum zoom level on a user permissions basis. You can zoom in by using either the sliding scale or the zoom box (accessed by clicking on zoom in the bottom left hand corner.


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HOUSTON - UCLA finally found its quarterback of the future in Brett Hundley.
At least everything about his debut Thursday indicated as much.
Hundley took the first play from scrimmage and ran 72 yards, somehow dancing between and around three defenders with the help of just one teammate blocking for him down field.
He ran into the end zone for a touchdown that settled the butterflies for him, Jim Mora - also making his debut as coach - and UCLA fans desperate for a quarterback to covet.
Hundley wasn't perfect, but he sure was good as he led UCLA to a 49-24 win over Rice at Rice Stadium.
Hundley completed 21 of 28 passes for 202 yards, two touchdowns and one interception.
"I was
He had a freshman mistake, telegraphing his pass all the way to San Antonio and never saw linebacker Cameron Nwosu, who snatched the ball in front of Shaq Evans for an interception with 41 seconds left in the first half. The mistake wasn't a killer since Damien Holmes recovered a fumble and returned it 43 yards for a score 24 seconds later. UCLA led 35-24 at halftime and never was challenged after that.
"I think he did a nice job at times and sometimes he was a little hesitant," Mora said about Hundley. "The throw at the end of the ... half, he'd like to have back.
Hundley's grandmother, who lives in Houston, was in attendance along with a group of 15 friends and family who flew in from Los Angeles for the Hundley debut.
It was a debut they'll never forget.
He wore a dog-tag necklace with a cross, given to him by his stepmom. He wore it all through camp in San Bernardino, where he won the starting job, so he saw no reason to change it.
When Hundley was a high school quarterback in Chandler, Ariz., he would eat calzones and take a nap before the game.
That wasn't the case Thursday.
He listened to Dwelle, music he deems "chill," and relaxed. He claimed he wasn't that nervous.
"Hundley did OK," running back Johnathan Franklin said while laughing because Hundley was within earshot.
"Nah, he did a great job. He needed that first play. Brett's a great player, and I expected great things out of him."
Just not ripping off a big-play touchdown on his first carry. UCLA offensive coordinator Noel Mazzone drew that play up for Hundley to get the ball to Franklin, but Hundley noticed some space, kept the ball, ran to the outside and with a block downfield from Evans, he scored.
"I don't know how I split those defenders," Hundley said.
He can watch it on tape later.
"Wow, I didn't draw that one up like that," Mazzone said. "I drew it up to put in Franklin's hands. He pulled it and took off."
Hundley shook hands and took off after the game too, but turned back when tight end Joseph Fauria, who hauled in the 22-yard touchdown reception, shouted his name.
The senior put his arm around Hundley, and the two walked into the Rice Stadium tunnel discussing the game.
Then Hundley got a handshake from athletic director Dan Guerrero.
"I told him, `Way to lead,' " Guerrero said. "He showed poise and had command of the offense."
Quarterback controversy is a phrase that has defined UCLA the past few years, but it's no longer a hip term, unless you talk about that Matt Barkley billboard that was in Westwood.
There wasn't really a quarterback competition anyway, since Kevin Prince and Richard Brehaut were clearly in the running for backup quarterback duties.
Even former UCLA coach Rick Neuheisel, fired after four lackluster seasons as UCLA's coach, took to Twitter to make sure everyone knew he was the coach who recruited Hundley.
Of course, he was the same coach who didn't use him last year, either.
"Touchdown for Brett Hundley on his first collegiate play," Neuheisel said. "The recruiting was worth it."
Hundley was worthy in his debut as UCLA's starting quarterback. Now let's see what he can do for an encore against Nebraska next week at the Rose Bowl.
At least from his debut, UCLA can look forward to a quarterback with a bright future.


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USA has reportedly ordered a prequel movie to Burn Notice.
According to Entertainment Weekly, the network's president Jeff Wachtel made the announcement at the show's Comic-Con panel.
The movie is expected to star Bruce Campbell, who appears in the series as Sam Axe. The story will reportedly follow the time Sam spent in the military.
The Wrap reports that production on the TV movie will begin in the next few months.
The fourth series of Burn Notice is currently airing on Thursdays at 9/8c on USA.


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Judge Grants CCFD Second Chance at Passing Budget, With Stipulations
Special Master Richard Land will begin planning for a possible liquidation, but will simultaneously work on a new, updated budget to present to taxpayers. Central Coventry residents will also be required to pay the first three quarters of this year's tax
Members of the Central Coventry Fire Department wrapped up an eventful and unpredictable week on what most consider to be a positive note on Friday. At Thursday's emergency hearing, Superior Court Judge Brian P. Stern heard testimony from various members of the district, board, union, town and legal counsel in regards to a possible liquidation now being considered following the rejection of Land's proposed budget and tax rate on Monday night. After nearly three hours of deliberation, Judge Stern requested that any parties who had feasible ideas to keep the district afloat meet and formulate a solid plan to be presented to him in Superior Court for a final ruling at 1 p.m. on Friday - a mere 19 hours in the future. After brainstorming …
9:13 pm on Wednesday, March 6, 2013
@ Western Citizen, first the unions have been involved in CCFD since the mid 1980's or beginning of the 90's and there was NO problem! At that time and up until the merger, all the talk was that Coventry didn't need 8 fire districts with seperate boards and duplication of effort and services. Now the process everyone, mostly taxpayers, wanted is here and people managing the new district make a …   more ›


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The male American bulldog mix pictured above faced euthanization at Jackson Rabies Control Animal Shelter in Tennessee on Thursday, after his owner saw him mounting another male dog, assumed he was gay, and turned him in.
A Facebook user, under the name "Jackson Madison Rabies Control Stalker," often visits the kill shelter looking for dogs to advertise for adoption. The 39-year-old mother and animal lover featured this unwanted dog on her page, in a post that received more than 4,200 shares and 1,405 comments overnight.
What the owner of the dog obviously didn't know, as The Atlantic Wire points out, is that dogs "often mount each other to show dominance."
Facebook users expressed their outrage in the comments. "Please tell me this dog was adopted and that we can put the ex-owner down for ignorance and sheer stupidity?" wrote one.
A woman named Stephanie Fryns, reportedly connected to the no-kill animal shelter Woof Connections, answered the calls of hundreds of commenters, who frantically encouraged someone to adopt the dog before his 1 p.m. kill time. Fryns said she would adopt the dog as soon as possible.
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