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Anybody care to guess when something like this will be commonplace? (because when it happens down here in Venezuela we better find alternative means of income! )
Anybody care to guess when something like this will be commonplace? (because when it happens down here in Venezuela we better find alternative means of income! )
Commonplace? 100 years for first-world nations.
Possible? 50 years.
I live in the heart of Canada's oil and gas industry. This year there are billions of dollars invested in drilling new wells and even more billion in what we call 'oilsand' production. :P
To quote the greatest sage of the 20th century, Alfred E. Neuman:
"What, me worry?" :wink:
We are swimming in dough. PLEASE ask Mr.Chavez to rock the boat some more...oil and natural gas prices are 'Up, Up and Away'.
I hope this technology pans out. At current rates of consumption, we're set to just about run out of fossil fuels when this becomes a economically viable energy option.
I hope they get the issue of where to build ITER settled soon. It's good news that the EU is willing to shoulder it alone if need be, too.
"we're set to just about run out of fossil fuels"
We are nowhere near set to run out of fossil fuels. The question is one of the economic incentive to explore for new sources or to bring existing sources into production.
People confuse depleting 'known reserves' with potential reserves. We would have run out of fossil fuels decades ago if we were dependent on the 'known reserves' of the time.
Alberta's tarsands...about 22% of known world oil was not once included in the world's known reserves. At $22 U.S. a barrel to develp it was not economic to do so. The economy to produce the oil is now there and almost a million barrels are now produced each day.
Many oil and natural gas wells are shut in and many coal mines closed not because they are 'empty' but because they are not viable economically. The question becomes is there any realistic energy alternative that will be less expensive to utilize than re-opening a coal mine or investing the hundreds of millions in a new mine.
Just to put Alberta's reserves into perspective...
There is more oil locked up in oilsands there than there is oil in Saudi Arabia.
Fusion is the way to go. It's a crying shame that humanity is investing so little in that technology!!!
And util fusion becomes available, more fission. Why not????
Because people are afraid of it. What a shame...
They like solar, why wouldn't they like fusion. Same thing.
Funny thing... do you know how many people died because of the Chernobyl accident? about 30, some stretch to 50.
How many die because of the pollution from fossil fuel burning? Millions over the years. How much environmental damage was done by hydroelectric plants? A lot!
If I was Greenpeace, my slogan would be "NUCLEAR OR DEATH"
That doesn't sound right somehow. Are you sure about that?
Yes. 31 were killed in the short term, 29 of radiation poisoning. These deaths were among the emergency workers and plant workers. Deaths among the surrounding populations are somewhat difficult to determine, but estimates place it around 10 deaths due to complications with thyroid cancer. The UNSCEAR 2000 report didn't mention these.
Thanks Glom
It's amazing what the anti-nucular smear campaign has done to us. I also though it was like 100 thousand people before I checked the facts!!!!
And yes, very well pointed out, Glom, the vast majority of the casualties were among firefighters and emergency teams who were poorly trained and didnt know how to deal with a nuclear leak...
And don't even get me started on Germany's Atomausstieg (Atomic "Stepout") #-o
My applause goes to France.
After doing a quick google search I find that the 30-50 dead you quote is only people killed in the initial explosion. From http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/722533.stmOriginally Posted by mopc
and thats just from the people sent in to clean up afterwardsAbout 15,000 people were killed and 50,000 left handicapped in the emergency clean-up after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, according to a group representing those who worked in the relief operations.
So your numbers are way off. However I believe that a well run nuclear reactor isn't that much of a problem as long as you can prevent sabotage and you protect the waste shipments.The exact number of dead has never been given, but it is estimated that five million people were exposed to radiation in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
While I don't doubt your figures on fossil fuels I feel that I must say that all hydro plants do is flood the area behind them, which only will cause problems to those people living in that area.
As it stands, I can see only two methods of power generation being both economic and environmentally friendly. Nuclear (fission or fusion) and geothermal power. I'd be happy with either.
Geothermal is great when you can get it, but you can't get it everywhere unless you want to drill great holes in the crust to the mantle and form new tectonic plates.
You don't need to drill that far down. I'm not sure of the actual depth required, but it's doable.
Geothermal cooling and heating systems for your home only require a 80-100ft shaft. All you need to do is get down to a level where the heat is constant year-round, then use a heat exchanger. It doesn't matter how thick the crust is in your particular location.
Thanks for the links. Well, I am no expert, I just read stuff. But of those 15,000, how many died from incompetence in dealing with the situation?Originally Posted by Bilateralrope
Can anybody else with more knowledge (Glom?) comment on the total impact of Chernobyl?
If compared to the average radiation released by normal non-nuclear activities, how does nuclear radiation compare?
I think anyone who expects fusion power to replace fossil fuel plants is grossly delusional. At the current rate of demand growth, there will be coal burning plants operating hand in hand with fission, solar, and fusion reactors for some time to come. Why replace, when you can complement?
Because fusion would be vastly more efficient and cheaper than any other form of power generation.
Those figures are wrong. Remember that website belongs to the BBC, the saints of bad journalism. That came from before UNSCEAR 2000. Apart from thyroid cancer, there is no statistical increase in any other conditions, from solid tumours to birth defects.Originally Posted by Bilateralrope
Originally Posted by Annex J
Here is some info on Chernobyl.
holy canoli Glom! thanks!!!!
I'll put aside my War and Peace and go for a really long text... your post!
Nice, Glom, very nice.
No need to ask him, it's his favorite entertaintment (and THAT's about as close to politics I'm going to get in THIS board, would love to discuss it ad-nauseaum at FWIS but there seems to be some problem with my registration, I'll PM SciFi Chick about that)Originally Posted by fossilnut2
Heh heh heh, looking at the responses it seems I stirred up the hornet's nest and in the meantime got some info on Chernobyl (as tragic as it was), in any case it's about the first time I see something on Nuclear Fusion Power that APPEARS to show some determination on making it a reality.
I say ban solar energy!
Do you realise just how many folk die or suffer because of solar radiation induced melanoma?
The point is everthing has a risk associated with it, including going back to the trees and fighting wild animals with clubs. I've said before that energy producers need to be a bit more open and honest about what they produce and how they propose to decommission when plant has outlived it's useful life (not just nuclear) We have to keep a sense of perspective, use no more than we need and clean up at the back of us whatever the prime energy source is. That means ultimately that everyone of us has to be prepared to foot the bill.
If anyone wants to know the problems left behind from just mining coal (never mind burning it) have a read of this page and the effects mining has had on our local coast. Link
For the cost in human terms (UK only) please also view this site
Especially this:
Every country in the world that has produced deep mined coal also has their own list of casualties.The Aberfan Disaster 21st. October. 1966. 144 killed, 116 were children. A collapse of the colliery waste tip, engulfed several houses and the Infant and Junior school.
Nuclear power might be the way to go but we need to be careful
Chernobyl was a terrible accident but could have been many times worse after I have read reports that less tha 1% of the nuke Energy escaped
From bombs we see people at Hiroshima see much higher rates of Leukopenia, Ischemic heart disease, Cancer, Liver disease
veterans groups say those who went out to watch the US atomic bombs were given placebo pills that would svae them from the Nuclear explosions, however much of Nevada, Utah and Arizona now have very high-levels of radioactive contamination, 58
In '58 nuclear criticality accident occured from a solution in a plutonium recovery operation at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in New Mexico. The operator died later of acute radiation sickness.
They say the Three Mile Island incident has caused increases in the rates of cancer , they say watch out for that radioactive Strontium-90 there were reports which said the US government study found the fallout from nuclear tests carried out by the US in Nevada has caused the death of an estimated 14,910 Americans, other studies estimates that 81,200 people who lived around Atomic test sites have contracted or will contract cancer as a result of American nuclear tests. There are others who say that the Nevada atmospheric nuclear tests had caused the deaths of thousands of American babies. The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (IEER) man Arjun Makhijani believes the study showed people living thousands of miles away from nuclear tests had been affected.. Many people think John Wayne, contracted cancer and died as a result of the fallout from a bomb tests which were about 102 miles downwind from where he was doing his movie. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC said fallout from Nevada, New Mexico testing has likely killed 11,000. There are also reports that say women, enticed by relatively high wages worked places like at the Radium Dial Company's factory and workers encouraged by management, licked their brushes, and hence the radium, to make a fine tip for applying the substance that made the numerals on watches and instruments glow. Glow in the dark watches and clocks were painted with 226Ra, the most common isotope of radium. The radium was applied with small paint brushes and the workers, mainly women, would get a fine point on the brushes by licking and molding with their lips. Many of these women developed jaw and other mouth cancers. Also the National Cancer Institute admitted that fallout from the 1950's atomic bomb tests blanketed the nation at levels far inexcess of what the government has admitted to, and in one of its reports t it said there could be between 10,000 and 75,000 cases of thyroid cancer among those exposed due to Iodine 131. There are also other studies going on with Cesium-137 Zirconium, there are more reports on this shown on atmoic veterans websites
Nuke Energy is a very powerful idea and could help us greatly and solve much of the world's energy problems, it is a very good energy source
However Nuclear power is young and has already been responsible for many deaths, safety is very important but Fusion has the potential to become a clean energy source giving an almost inexhaustable supply of power. This power source would be very good and help other sciences to develop and help other areas of technological developments. I can see why France with Chirac and Tony Blair from Uk are behind this, European Union EU stated it wants to start building the world's first nuclear fusion reactor, they say it is long-term solution to the world's energy problems, as it would be low on pollution and use sea water as fuel I can see why they are going to go-ahead and build this with or without an international agreement
I think Oil from the middle East is sometimes a total waste of time, some of those corrupt Arab nations give out the hand of friendship to the USA and then stab Americans in the back with the other hand. There is much corruption and the oil shock of the 70s should have taught us much about corruption, bleeding other economics with their hijack type oil dimplomacy that cost the US economy billions of dollars in the 70s and the dangers of such blockades. The Middle east seems to be a waste of time, and no matter what path or what USA does there seems to be growing anti-Amercanism. I think if the USA were to move away from depending so much on this area it would help America a lot. The region is high unstable and has cost America much, also Oil groups cost the US economy a lot and cost the USA's industry. IF Europe or the USA builds a Fusion reactor and no longer needs to depend so much on this area it will help them a lot.
TMI caused nothing of the kind. The venting of radioactive gas was within prescribed limits.


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Steven D. Chang, MD, the Robert C. and Jeannette Powell Professor
Publication Details
Stereotactic radiosurgery of angiographically occult vascular malformations: 14-year experience.
Neurosurgery. 1998; (2): 213-20; discussion 220-1
Radiosurgery is generally effective in obliterating true arteriovenous malformations, but less is known about its effects on angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs). Since July 1983, 57 patients with surgically inaccessible AOVMs of the brain were treated using helium ion (47 patients) or linear accelerator (10 patients) radiosurgery. This study retrospectively evaluates the response of these AOVMs to treatment.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Mr. Lamido Sanusi, on Thursday, decried the low literacy level in the North saying that 93 per cent of female children in the region lacked secondary education.
The apex bank boss, who said this at this year's Isaac Moghalu Foundation Leadership Lecture and Symposium held in Abuja, said the situation, if left unchecked, was detrimental to the economy.
The governor sited Jigawa State, where school completion rate among female is as low as seven per cent as an example.
Net enrolment of girls in schools in the country, according to him, is 22 per cent.
He said, "In the North-West, 70 per cent of women between 20 and 29 are unable to read, compared to 9.7 per cent in the South West.
"Only three per cent of females complete secondary education in the Northern zone. Now how do you build the country when 93 per cent of the girls in the most populous region of the country do not complete secondary schools?
"We are only treating the symptoms and not the ailment. We are spending so much on security compared to education and healthcare services. We cannot succeed in security without fixing the original problems
"If the women are sent to school and they have access to proper healthcare services, there may not be need to spend so much on security."
He described illiteracy among women in the region as frightening, adding that senior female officials in the country had not done enough to assist the women folk.
Sanusi said, "The problem we have is that women are their own enemies. If you are a female minister or hold an important public position and after four years you cannot say what you did for women, shame on you.
"Many of these women secure these positions on the platform of gender, ethnicity among others and when they get there, they forget the ladder on which they went there.
"They become the queen bee and do not want to share the limelight with other women."
He charged women to hold their counterparts, in leadership positions to account, adding that such move would help to reduce neglect.
Also speaking at the event, the Executive Director of IMoF, Mrs. Maryanne Moghalu, said the foundation would continue to focus on key areas to assist the society.
The areas, she said, include human capital development through education for under privileged children, strategic learning infrastructure support for educational institutions, vocational skills training, and public policy advocacy.
Moghalu added that the foundation would also examine the success of the country in developing women to leadership positions.
She expressed the need for women to be well trained and prepared for leadership roles in the public, private and non-profit sectors.
Moghalu stressed that the absence of women in leadership position had been identified by many countries including Nigeria as a major challenge in the process of economic and social development.
The foundation was founded in 2005 in memory of Mr. Isaac Moghalu, one of Nigeria's pioneer diplomats and a former permanent secretary.
Source: The Punch
From a distance the Northern Nigeria environment shimmers like brown jewel in the darkness of space, the rich and incomparable enclave has been destroyed by it's political leaders! They remain accountable for turning the enclave into a cirque of emptiness.
Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi and Shehu Sanni have and share things in common! The trio are of Hausa-Fulani ethnic stock of Northern Nigeria, they are diminutive, with courage and boldness implanted in them, they dare, they say as it is, no hods barred! With the demise of Western Nigeria's vociferous and anti-corruption crusader, late Chief Gani Fawehinmi, the star has now sifted to the Northern axis of Nigeria and the trio could be described as "Aurora Borealis" The Northern Hemisphere light!
Mallam Nasir El-Rufai's 'Accidental Public Servant' explains former president Olusegun Obasanjo's ill fated third term hidden agenda [still no comment from Obasanjo], Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, [Nigeria CBN governor] exposure of National Assembly overhead cost and the resultant effect on Nigeria's economy [still no comment from the National Assembly], Shehu Sanni's exposure of a colossal revenue the Northern governors had collected and still the region remains backward and poorest [still no comment from the Northern States governors].
Sani Shehu (left) El-Rufai (Right)
Despite some mistakes about Mallam Nasir El-Rufais' handling of restoration of Abuja City master-plan, his tracks remains unique. The ban of commercial motorcyclists from Abuja City center, the unique Abuja Urban Mass Transit, Abuja Geographical Information System [AGIS], and Abuja Environmental Protection Board [AEPB], he indeed tried his best.
Sanusi Lamido Sanusi Nigeria's GBN Governor, a Kano prince and a seasoned economist, Shehu Sanni and Mallam Nasir El-Rufai, the trio remains a beacon of hope and a shinning light [Aurora Borealis] to the Northerners who has wallowed [and still wallowing] in poverty, unemployment, and poor health care facilities.
What I want the duo to address now, is how the Northerners rule of Nigeria for about 35 year and had nothing to show for it! From decay of infrastructure to army of jobless youths, poverty, stagnation, destruction of lives ans properties by Africa's second deadliest Islamic fundamentalists [after al-Shabab of Somalia], the Boko Haram, insecurity, dearth of industries in the zone, rusty country side, polio savagery, lead poisoning. And now the Northerners is insisting of coming back to occupy Nigeria's No 1 seat. The Yoruba's will called it 'Agogo Eewo' 'Gong of Taboo', it must not sounded, never to be heard! Are they coming to clear the alluvium of the deluge of these?
With available data at their disposal, the trio will be able to prove that the crop of Northern rulers caused Nigeria's decay and Northern candidates for 2015 Nigeria president will be a hard nut to sell to Nigerians voters [electorates]. Will unbend-able Gen Buhari step down for Alhaji Sule Lamido?
My ink has run dried!
Taiwo Lawrence Adeyemi.
Country Representative; Whisper Poetry.
Cells:+234 [0] 812-148-2077.
+234 [0] 816-950-3218.
Lamido Sanusi, the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, is noticeably extroverted and loquacious. A public intellectual, the hell-raising technocrat would have been in his element in a university department of economics or a right-wing policy research centre where his managerialist and neoliberalist perspectives on the economy would have had full play. As the helmsman of the nation's apex bank and lender of last resort, Sanusi comes across as frighteningly apolitical and stormy person, in a profession reputed for reticence and deadpan demeanour. His latest intervention, canvassing among others, a 50 per cent cut in the public sector workforce, a drastic pruning down of the legislature, the 36-state structure as well as the number of local government areas have had full play in the media.
In a vigorous reply to the acerbic criticisms, not to say uproar that trailed the publication of his opinion, Sanusi in a discussion with reporters in London argued that his views were sensationalised out of context but nonetheless went on to add that "the Central Bank is not a popularity contest. My job is to give frank and honest opinion as to where I think the economy should go". Giving policy advice should of course take the form of a formal, or informal behind-the-door briefing to decision makers; the wisdom of giving advice on sensitive national topics on the pages of newspapers where they are in any case subject to trivialisation and the pressures imposed by headlines and deadlines remain extremely debatable. It is possible, however, that Sanusi was trying to raise a debate around matters which he had canvassed in policymaking circles, in which case he should have anticipated much of the spirited and hostile responses to his suggestions, especially from interest groups fingered in his dangling axe thesis. Apart from the extremely controversial dimension of sacking half of the nation's civil servants, much of what Sanusi had to say concerning the urgency of prunning the political superstructure had been voiced at different times by others, including Prof. Pat Utomi, who tirelessly advocates part-time legislators, as well as Bola Tinubu, who recently called for a unicameral legislature to bring down the ever- rising tide of national expenditure.
These proposals are eminently sensible and should feed into the ongoing constitutional review process. It should be noted, however, that they do not exhaust the problems of our national prodigality and bonanza-spending which have assumed alarming dimensions under the Goodluck Jonathan administration, as illustrated by recent decisions to increase the presidential fleet of jets, as well as construct a banquet hall at the Villa costing N2.2bn. In contemplating the still-raging public storm that greeted Sanusi's reform proposals, we encounter what this writer has elsewhere described as the 'tragedy of reforms without reformers' denoting a mindset which assumes that political leaders can manifest an opulence which will make American billionaires green with envy and yet call on the populace to tighten further their already tight belts beyond their survival margins. Querying Sanusi's own moral credentials, for example, the National Assembly spokesperson, Victor Ogene, argues that not only has Sanusi jerked up the CBN workforce to 6,000 from 5,000, but that the CBN budget for last year is double that of the National Assembly. Cited, too is the IMF's statement that for every N100 spent on services and projects in Nigeria, N80 ends up in the private pockets of corrupt officials and their cronies. In other words, Sanusi's reformism, if it is a genuine one, should have commenced not just at the institution he oversees, but at the entire ensemble of governmental institutions, ethos and racketeering that increasingly define the current administration.
One can further illustrate the contradictory and superficial nature of Sanusi's panacea with reference to the issue of workforce downsizing which he advocates. Initially downsizing was viewed globally as a quick-fix by distressed corporate and governmental organisations; a lower wage bill was expected to translate to a smarter institution more efficiently run and task-oriented. Study after study has shown, however, that the expected yields from downsizing, construed narrowly as job layoffs, hardly materialise. As one human resources expert once wittingly quipped, "Downsize, Rightsize and Capsize". For example, a recent survey which appeared in the Wall Street Journal found out that of 1,000 United States firms which downsized, only 46 per cent had reduced expenditure; 32 per cent had a bulge in profit; 22 per cent had increases in productivity; and 22 per cent successfully reduced bureaucracy. Beyond these dismal statistics is the more disturbing fact that downsized organisations often went down with profound human resource ailments arising from survival syndrome and insecurity of those who were untouched by the exercise much less of the deleterious effects of throwing more workers into an economy already reeling from high unemployment. In the case of governmental institutions in Africa, retrenchment, as it is popularly called, is often followed by backdoor swelling of the workforce through several unmanned entry points and is hardly attended by reduction in running cost. Thus, what the right hand surrenders, the left hand retrieves by stealth.
In the same manner as management experts are increasingly emphasising corporate reinvention rather than downsizing, merely calling for a reduction of the workforce addresses only a tip of the iceberg of footloose spending that characterises the Nigerian government. More to the point is the urgency to challenge the way and manner in which governmental businesses are conducted which would include an investigation of the myriad loopholes through which funds meant for development are illegitimately diverted. Such a project which would be a genuine transformation agenda as opposed to an oratorical one will seek to change the ethos of windfall spending and ingrained indolent and unaccountable culture which facilitates the easy looting of the treasury by those at the top as well as the retooling of the workforce and supportive technologies. This, of course, would mean that those championing such reforms will manifest the sacrificial values which would convince the rest of the nation that they mean business. It is only in this context that piecemeal suggestions like reducing the admittedly bloated political superstructure will indeed make sense. Needless to say that initiating and sustaining that limited reform programme would require strong and disciplined leaders who can stay the course. Leaders who advocate one thing and do another are hardly candidates for any such political and economic transformation.
The furore and outburst at Sanusi's suggestions, one suspects, constitute a referendum of sorts on an administration perennially calling for sacrifices from the hard-pressed citizenry but insists on maintaining for its own members a luxurious and insensitively affluent lifestyle. To sustain such prodigality, the administration, apart from increasing taxes and removing subsidies, has gone wildly aborrowing to the tune of 2.57tn in two years as The PUNCH revealed on Tuesday December 4, 2012. These are the real reasons one fears for the uproar against Sanusinomics.
Nigeria's relative macro-economic stability of the past decade has been aided by the groundwork of reforms embarked upon by two-term finance minister, Ngozi Okonjo – Iweala and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) governor, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi.
In 1995, Nigeria's inflation rate was a vertigo inducing 75 percent, while the naira which was at virtual parity with the dollar in the early eighties had tumbled to N21/ $1 by 1999, a more than 400 percent devaluation, according to a BusinessDay analysis of available CBN data.
This was of course in the official market, which met less than a tenth of dollar demand; in the parallel markets where the naira exchanged for N88/$1(in 1999) the rate of naira devaluation was much higher, at over 640 percent, between 1980 and 1999.
"Macro stability in the past decade has resulted fundamentally from the fiscal reforms put in place by Okonjo-Iweala in her first term (in particular, capping the deficit at 3 percent of GDP), and more recently, from the tighter monetary policy regime put in place by the
CBN," said Razia Khan, regional Head of Research, Africa, at Standard Chartered Bank, in an email response to questions.
In the 20-year period (1980 – 1999) the CPI averaged 25.8 percent. This compares with the 2000 to 2010 period, when inflation averaged 11.9 percent, while the naira has moved from N110/$1 in 2000 – to N157/$1 in 2012, a 42 percent devaluation in ten years, and a testament to the relative macro-economic stability in the latter period.
The reforms have aided the development of the domestic bond market as well.
Moribund until 2003, the domestic bond market today finances much of the FG budget deficit, and some long term infrastructure projects.
This has eliminated the so called 'ways and means' (money printing) deficit financing, rampant in the eighties and nineties, and a major source of inflation.
Nigeria's bond market development has benefited from the lifting of the 1 Year holding period restriction on FGN bonds by Sanusi last year, and a hike in interest rates, leading to attractive yields, and ultimately, the addition of Nigerian Bonds to JPMorgan's GBI-EM and the Barclays EMLC index.
"It is very unlikely that foreigners would be showing the interest they currently show in Nigeria's bond market, in the absence of reassurance on these reforms," said Khan.
The size of the domestic bond market in 2011 was N9.5 trillion ($60 billion), made up of AMCON bonds (57.42 percent), FGN bonds (37.21 percent), Sub nationals (3.58 percent) and Corporate bonds (1.79 percent).
The value of transactions in the domestic fixed income market is up four folds since 2006, reaching a value of N14.7 trillion at the end of 2010, from an almost negligible level in 2000 according to data from investment firm, Vetiva Capital.
"The launch of the Primary Dealers Market Makers platform in 2006 ensured some broadly consistent trading activity in on-the-run bonds, and two-way quotes over-the-counter," said Samir Gadio, an emerging markets strategist at Standard Bank.
Meanwhile, the nation's yield curve has extended from 3 months to 20 years, with 3year, 5 year, 10 year and 20 year bonds, routinely issued by the Debt Management Office (DMO).
According to Khan, the important building blocks needed before this could become possible, were put in place by Okonjo-Iweala and Sanusi.
"As a result of the increased flow from offshore investors, the Naira is stable. This has helped too, with macro-economic stability, and acts as a check on policies that should continue to guarantee stability", he said.
Nigeria last week got an upgrade and new coverage of its sovereign debt, as Standard and Poor's (S&P) upped it to BB- and Moody's initiated coverage at the equivalent level, due to progress on reforms.
*Unemployment rises to 23%
*Retains MPR at 12%
*Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 8.68
Output and Prices
Provisional data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) indicated that real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 8.68 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2011 up from 6.64, 7.72, and 7.40 per cent in the 1st , 2nd and 3rd quarters, respectively. The overall GDP growth rate in 2011 was estimated by the NBS at 7.69 per cent, marginally lower than the 7.87 per cent recorded in 2010. This projection is based on the estimated Quarter III and Quarter IV growth rate of 7.40 per cent and 8.68 per cent respectively. The 2012 Budget proposal assumed a growth rate of 7.2 per cent. This is in line with the latest World Bank forecast of 7.1 per cent growth for Nigeria in 2012. The Committee noted with satisfaction, the good 4 performance of non-oil activities including agricultural and services sectors as well as the recovery in crude oil output in 2011, particularly in the fourth quarter. In the Committee"s view, the opportunity to build on the robust non-oil growth with further investments in infrastructure and manufacturing and processing activities should be utilized in order to mitigate any negative impacts from the likely external shocks during the year.
The Committee also noted the NBS survey data on the rise in the unemployment rate to 23.9 per cent in 2011 from 21.4 per cent in 2010. The latest unemployment rate is considerably higher than the 12.3 per cent recorded in 2006 by the NBS survey, which suggests that the consistently high output growth during this period had failed to create adequate employment for the growing labour force. In view of this, the Committee recommends that in addition to the structural reforms being currently pursued, emphasis should be placed on technical and vocational education in order to produce a labour force that is compatible with the current stage of the country"s development.
In 2011, the Inflation rate fluctuated within the lower double-digits range during the early part of the year, but moderated thereafter. The year-on-year headline inflation rate, which was 12.1 per cent in 5 January 2011 rose to 12.8 per cent in March, before moderating to 10.2, 10.3, and 10.3 per cent in June, September, and December, respectively. Similarly, food inflation rose from 10.3 per cent in January 2011 to 12.2 per cent in March and thereafter moderated to 9.2, 9.5, and 11.0 per cent in, June, September, and December, respectively. Core inflation also rose from 12.1 per cent in January to 12.8 per cent in March stabilizing at 11.5, 11.6, and 10.8 per cent in June, September and December, respectively.
The headline inflation rate stood at 10.3 per cent in December 2011, by far the lowest since December 2008 and lower than the average of 12.75 per cent during the period 2001-11. Food inflation, at 11.0 per cent in December 2011, was lower than its level in the preceding three years. Similarly, the year-on-year core inflation declined in
2011. At 10.8 per cent in December 2011, core inflation was marginally lower than the 10.9 per cent in December 2010 and 11.2 per cent in December 2009. The Committee noted that both food and core inflation have remained high exerting immense pressure on the headline inflation rate. The Committee was therefore of the view
that while the focus on growth continues to be a key imperative, the containment of inflation equally deserves immediate attention. It noted that the inflation outlook in the short- term will be impacted by the anticipated fiscal injections in relation to the proposed 2012 budget, the recent partial deregulation of pump price of PMS, and 6 new tariff regimes on certain food imports. The Committee has also noted comments indicating possible plans by the National Assembly to revise the budget benchmark price of oil from $ 70 per barrel to $75 or even $80 per barrel. Such a measure would significantly increase expenditures especially given the already high oil output assumptions.
In addition, it would reduce accretion to the Excess Crude Account (ECA) and increase the inflationary pressure already in place on the supply-side. In the event of this happening, the likelihood of further tightening during 2012 increases. The Committee would like to reaffirm its commitment to price and exchange rate stability and its determination not to pursue an accommodative policy stance. The Committee therefore, strongly supports the recommendations of the Executive for a benchmark price of a maximum of $70 per barrel.
External Sector Developments
Foreign exchange reserves amounted to US$ 32.64 billion as at end December 2011, more or less flat relative to the US$32.34 billion as at end December 2010, despite the higher oil price in 2011. Notwithstanding the high prices of Nigeria's reference crude oil (Bonny Light) which averaged US$106.32 per barrel for the year, the
limited accretion to external reserves was due to the high demand for foreign exchange in the market. The Committee noted that pressure on the exchange rate emanating from the high demand reflected the import-dependent nature of the economy, probably compounded by the activities of speculators. The reduction in
arbitrage opportunities in the oil marketing sectors combined with stronger controls in foreign exchange practices have already led to a noticeable moderation in foreign exchange net demand. The official wDAS rate (inclusive of 1 per cent commission) moved up from N151.62 per US$1 in January 2011 to N154.45/US$1 in June and
further to N158.21/US$1 in December 2011. The volatility in the official rates, however, was limited with the coefficient of variation being 9 1.28 per cent for the year as a whole compared to 0.32 per cent in 2010. The Committee commended the CBN for its efforts at establishing stability in the market. It also urged the CBN to strive to
eliminate speculative demand for foreign exchange. The Committee also noted that as at January 24, 2012, the exchange rate was N158.57/US$1, while the foreign exchange reserves amounted to $34.18 billion on January 27, 2012, which could finance over 6 months of imports of goods and services. The outlook for oil prices in the short-term as well as the forecast demand/supply balance, suggest that the current exchange rate band should be retained while still achieving moderate continuous accretion to reserves
The Committee's Considerations
The Committee is pleased that ahead of most African countries, Nigeria had been proactive by responding to the threats of inflation induced by fiscal spending and global food, fuel and other commodity prices as well as to the challenges of financial stability. The Committee observed tat the mandate of the Bank was largely
achieved, as inflation was contained within tolerable levels and the exchange rate was generally stable throughout 2011. The resolution of the banking crisis during the year was also commended. Against this background, the Committee welcomed the stated fiscal stance of the Federal Government as part of its programmed movement 10
towards fiscal consolidation. The increased share of capital expenditure in the proposed total expenditure in 2012 is an important signal of the commitment of the Federal Government to improve the productive capacity of the economy. The Committee finds the current environment to be conducive for improved cooperation and coordination between fiscal and monetary
The Committee acknowledged that the decision to remove the fuel subsidy was a major development that took place since its last meeting in November 2011. It commended the Federal Government on the partial removal of subsidy on Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), which it noted will have salutary effects on the external reserves and exchange rate as well as on investment in oil and gas downstream sector. It further commended the Federal Government for the commitment towards the passage of the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) which, it believes, would further complement the benefits of the fuel subsidy removal. On the other hand, it recognized the possible
negative impact of the partial removal of fuel subsidy on the general price level and hence inflation in the short run. In this regard, it underscored the need for the speedy implementation of the palliative measures and entrenchment of social safety nets for the more vulnerable groups. However, the long-term benefits far outweigh the likely short term costs as far as inflation is concerned. 11 Furthermore, the Committee commended the fiscal authorities for the benchmark crude oil price of $70 per barrel as proposed in the 2012 budget and advocated for its retention as any upward revision would tend to undermine macroeconomic stability.
The Committee considered the need to sustain the high output growth that the country has seen in recent years partly because of the slowdown in the advanced and other emerging economies and partly because of the need to generate employment in the economy. However, to help generate new jobs, it would be essential for the Federal Government to move quickly with the structural reforms such as (a) power sector reforms, (b) implementing the agricultural sector transformation programmes and the associated value chain, and (c) refocusing attention to the provision of technical and vocational training to bring about skills development that would match the needs of the economy. The Committee underscored the need for maintaining price stability in a manner conducive to the achievement of employmentgenerating growth. In this connection, it observed that the announced increase in import duties on some food items by the end of June 2012 would exert further pressure on food prices which would
compound the effect of increased transportation costs induced by 12 the partial removal of the fuel subsidy on the general price level and the associated inflation expectation.
The Committee noted that historically, upward adjustments in the price of PMS have tended to have a short-term impact on the rate of inflation. A review of previous instances of adjustment in fuel prices shows that without exception, each instance is accompanied by an increase in the rate of inflation followed almost immediately
by a moderation in the short - to - medium term. Staff estimates indicate that inflation in the first two quarters of 2012 would range between 11.0 per cent and 14.5 per cent, and then moderate steadily towards the single digit zone by late 2013. Real interest rates are therefore likely to remain positive on a trend basis, even if the
rate of inflation were to rise briefly above the MPR in the second quarter. Finally, the Committee recognized the current security challenges and Government's efforts to find a lasting solution through dialogue, economic measures and enhanced intelligence. It expressed confidence on the ability of Government to resolve the problem.13
Decisions In the light of the above, and considering the clear impact of previous tightening on the rate of inflation and exchange rates up to December 2011, the Committee unanimously decided as follows:
1. Retain MPR at 12.0 per cent with interest rate corridor of +/- 200
basis points;
2. Retain CRR at 8.0 per cent;
3. Retain minimum liquidity Ratio of 30.0 per cent; and 4. Retain the Mid-point of exchange rate at N155/US$1 with a band of +/-3.0 per cent.
The Committee also resolved to watch closely developments with respect to the fiscal stance and to respond appropriately if, and when, the need arises.
Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, CON
Central Bank of Nigeria
January 31, 2012
It is beginning to look that Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, the executive governor of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is stepping into a pathway of perplexing contradictions. At the time that International Monetary Fund (IMF) recommended for Nigeria to devalue naira, Sanusi was insisting that there is no need for the devaluation. He did everything he can to make it absolutely certain to every one listening that there is no logical financial reason to devalue the already malleable and soft naira. Most Nigerians were singing his praises that Nigeria has gotten a financial leader that cannot be intimidate by overbearing IMF, a leader that is not willing to be genuflecting to the international financial institutions. But apparently not, the CBN chieftain is doing Texas-Two Step backward dance.
What's up?
Sanusi has begun to sing a new tune; it is no more the IMF asking him to drink the bitter liquid of devaluation. The CBN titan has chose to do it for the public good as it appears to keep the economy floating as the bulwark to the anticipated nosedive of oil price, with subconsequent lower foreign reserve. The reason that is more plausible is to appease the international financial powers who are probably breathing per irately down his neck. The naira has been devalued up to N160 to $1 but the devaluation will not stop there. Go and mark this, it is a slippery slope and the devaluation will continue. But interestingly, Nigeria does not have the requisite dollar reserve to satiate the demand that comes with the devaluation.
Finacial Times of London wrote: "Nigeria devalued the naira on Monday as falling reserves, caused by weak oil revenues, forced its hand. The central bank announced the naira would be pegged to the dollar within a target range of N150 to N160, up from a bracket of N145 to N155 per dollar. The bank wants to converge the official forex rates with the interbank rate and narrow arbitrage trading opportunities – the chance for investors to profit from the two different rates"
David Kahone of Financial Times further reported that, "The main reason for Nigeria's decision to devalue, according to Renaissance Capital, the Russian investment bank, is a fall in its reserves brought about by lower than expected oil production in 2011 and a low projected oil price in 2012. Africa's biggest oil producer derives some 75 per cent of its revenues from oil and is revising down its benchmark oil price in the 2012 budget to $70 per barrel from $75 per barrel – not an insignificant shift"
The apparent devaluation will not bring about any affirmative result that compelled CBN in first place to devalue naira. Nigeria had passed through this path before and it did not make a difference nor did it change the economic paradigm of the nation in good trends. The problem with Nigerian economy is beyond the application of monetary policy and in this case the devaluation of naira. Nigeria has major structural problem that cannot be rectify by artificial depreciation of the naira. The problem with country's economy is over reliance on oil and by thinking that the party will last forever. The idea of diversification is a lip service given by policy makers as the country is busy chasing a shadow that is merely a mirage. A nation cannot become economically independent by exporting one commodity with a weak currency which will eventually attract IMF's neo-liberal policies. As the country implement neo-liberal policies, it will not stop with devaluation of naira, the shrinking of spending on social program will follow put including the removal of fuel subsidy and banning of importation of many essential commodities. The government will balance the budget on the back of the poor people of Nigeria and suffering will geometrically increase.
The major contradiction coming form naira's devaluation is threat it posed to stabilizing inflation and the further erosion of domestic value of naira. Devaluation is another method of creating more money in the circulation especially with the weaken naira. With devaluation and subsequent enormous soft naira in circulation the prices of food, goods and services will go up; that will make the ugly hand of inflation to rigidly standout and making it more difficult to rein in inflation. Then CBN will restore to further mopping of the liquidity by tightening monetary tool, thereby jacking up interest rate which will conversely slow down the economic growth. No matter from which perspective or angle one looks at the naira devaluation its benefit is quite limited and there is no optimum quantifiable outcome. One thing it can do is to discourage importation, but Nigerians are already addicted to foreign products and travelling abroad; surely Nigerians will find a way to circumvent it and continue with their addictions.
The price of oil and foreign reserve have the propensity to be gyrating cyclically and using naira's devaluation to stabiles the economy is not logical at long term. It should be a tactical response to a momentarily problem but it is not strategically plausible to become the panacea. Nigerian economy is standing on a dislocated table that can be easily be pull down by forces of the market. The economy is growing at above 7 percent but without infrastructure and security the growth may not be sustainable.
CBN's chief Lamido Sanusi may do the public good and world economy good by devaluation that will make oil cheaper. It can be accepted for a short time but Nigeria may not necessarily be the beneficiary because Nigeria does not have arrays of commodities and finished products to export. This boils down on the lopsided economy and portrays how weak the manufacturing and agricultural sectors are in the country. The source of country's earning of foreign exchange must be expanded beyond oil export by diversification of the economy. This must be made perfectly clear to the policymakers that Nigeria cannot devalue her currency to a successful economy.
Central Bank of Nigeria raises benchmark interest rate to 9.25 percent, up from 8.75 percent
ABUJA (Reuters) - Nigeria's central bank monetary policy committee on Monday raised its benchmark interest rate for the fifth time this year in anticipation of upward inflationary pressures and to support the weakened local currency. The MPC lifted its benchmark rate to 9.25 percent, up from 8.75 percent, a move at the top end of analysts' expectations. Central Bank Governor, Lamido Sanusi, said although inflation had declined in the last two-months, high government spending, a new minimum wage, the likely removal of fuel subsidies and a flood of expected liquidity from the state "bad bank" were all likely to push prices higher.
"Concerns remain about sustaining the current inflation trend. The anticipated high liquidity in the near future would have a bearing on inflation in the near future," Sanusi told reporters, reading from the MPC communique in Abuja."The fiscal stance continues to be expansionary. In addition there is the weight of structural factors such as the announced hikes in electricity tariffs and the expected removal of the petroleum subsidy."
The committee voted 8-3 to raise rates and they all agreed to maintain a 200 basis point corridor around the MPR, meaning its recommended deposit rate is 7.25 percent and lending rate 11.25 percent. Sanusi said the decision to lift the benchmark rate was also influenced by the need to support the naira, which weakened to its lowest level against the U.S. dollar for four months on Monday.
The central bank has tried to prop up the local currency by selling dollars at a bi-weekly auction and through monetary tightening but without sustained success."It looks as though there is a clear intent to bring real interest rates to positive levels, in order to shore up support for the naira," said Razia Khan, Head of Africa Research at Standard Chartered.
"With GDP growth between 7-8 percent, and a questionable transmission mechanism of monetary tightening to the real economy in any case, this is something the CBN can afford to do."
Analysts had been divided on the likely outcome prior to the meeting. Seven of the 13 analysts polled by Reuters expected rates to rise by 25-50 basis points, with the rest predicting rates would be unchanged. Nigeria's inflation remained steady within the central bank's notional single-digit target in August, data showed this week. Headline inflation was 9.3 percent year-on-year in August from 9.4 percent in July, while growth in food prices, the largest contributor to the consumer inflation figure, rose to 8.7 percent in August from 7.9 percent in July.
But core inflation, which excludes some volatile components such as food and energy, remained in double digits in August and the central bank remains concerned about continued high government spending, especially recurrent expenditure. Nigeria's new finance minister, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, pledged to cut back government spending when she arrived last month but early benchmarks set out for the 2012 budget last week showed few signs of a promised fiscal prudence.
Okonjo-Iweala's cautious plans did not convince Sanusi.
"The government has announced a target of a 1 percent annual reduction in government recurrent spending and when viewed in the context of the anticipated injections associated with the new national minimum wage this reflects that the fiscal retrenchment is likely to be drawn out," he said.
Sanusi said stalling global economic growth was likely to impact Nigeria through a drop in trade and investment, while the recent poor performance of the Nigerian stock market was a reflection of declining risk appetite internationally
Nigeria's central bank may raise its benchmark interest rate tomorrow for the fourth time this year to bring borrowing costs above inflation and slow price-growth to below 10 percent, according to a survey of analysts. Bank Governor Lamido Sanusi will raise the monetary policy rate to 8.5 percent from 8 percent, said London-based analysts Razia Khan at Standard Chartered Plc, Samir Gadio of Standard Bank Plc and Alan Cameron at CSL Stockbrokers Ltd. He is due to announce the decision in a televised press conference at 2.30 p.m. local time. "The debate is not about whether the MPR keeps rising - we are convinced it will - but how quickly it will rise," Cameron said in an e-mailed note on July 22. "We are still a long way from positive real interest rates."
Inflation slowed in June to 10.2 percent from 12.4 percent the month before after the naira strengthened against the dollar, easing import costs. The central bank of Africa's top oil producer has raised rates as it attempts to slow inflation that peaked at 15.6 percent in February of last year and tries to stem a slide in the local currency. The naira has strengthened 2.7 percent against the dollar since June 1.
"Even though the naira has been firmer in recent weeks, demand for foreign exchange remains elevated and foreign capital is unlikely to really start flowing in until positive real rates are achieved," Cameron said.
Plans by President Goodluck Jonathan to end fuel subsidies this year may also push prices higher.
Most members of the monetary policy committee "seem to be keenly aware of the impact that fuel price deregulation could have and for this reason are likely to continue voting for hikes," Cameron said.
CBN's Sanusi listed among world's 100 most influential people
The story of Nigeria's first half-century of Independence is a tale of wasted potential: sub-Saharan Africa's most populous country, home to its biggest oil riches, impoverished by thieving autocrats. A key reason a new Nigeria no longer seems fanciful is Central Bank governor Lamido Sanusi.
Time 100 LIST includes names like President Obama, Oprah Winfrey and others
Meet the most influential people in the world. They are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution. Welcome to this year's TIME 100
• Wael Ghonim
• Joseph Stiglitz
• Reed Hastings
• Amy Poehler
• Geoffrey Canada
• Mark Zuckerberg
• Peter Vesterbacka
• Angela Merkel
• Julian Assange
• Ron Bruder
• Lamido Sanusi
• Colin Firth
• Amy Chua
• Joe Biden
• Jennifer Egan
• Kim Clijsters
• Ahmed Shuja Pasha
• Aung San Suu Kyi
• Cory Booker
• Gabrielle Giffords
• Katsunobu Sakurai
• Michelle Obama
• Paul Ryan
• Ai Weiwei
• Rob Bell
• Fathi Terbil
• Dilma Rousseff
• Tom Ford
• Liang Guanglie
• Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
• Takeshi Kanno
• Nicolas Sarkozy
• Michele Bachmann
• Saad Mohseni
• Chris Christie
• Matthew Weiner
• Lisa Jackson
• Jean-Claude Trichet
• Justin Bieber
• Prince William and Kate Middleton
• Joe Scarborough
• Blake Lively
• Hillary Clinton
• Muqtada al-Sadr
• Anwar al-Awlaki
• Kim Jong Un
• Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
• Hassan Nasrallah
• Nathan Wolfe
• Oprah Winfrey
• Sergio Marchionne
• Mahendra Singh Dhoni
• Felisa Wolfe-Simon
• Esther Duflo
• Rain
• Larry Page
• Mia Wasikowska
• David Cameron
• John Lasseter
• Maria Bashir
• Mukesh Ambani
• Chris Colfer
• Major General Margaret Woodward
• Bruno Mars
• David and Charles Koch
• Hung Huang
• General David Petraeus
• Matt Damon and Gary White
• Cecile Richards
• George R.R. Martin
• Marine Le Pen
• Grant Achatz
• Feisal Abdul Rauf
• El Général
• Jamie Dimon
• Heidi Murkoff
• Sting
• Jonathan Franzen
• V.S. Ramachandran
• Michelle Rhee
• Mark Wahlberg
• Rebecca Eaton
• Xi Jinping
• Kathy Giusti
• Arianna Huffington
• Barack Obama
• Lionel Messi
• Azim Premji
• Aruna Roy
• Ray Chambers
• Scott Rudin
• John Boehner
• Derrick Rossi
• Hu Shuli
• Benjamin Netanyahu
• Ayman Mohyeldin
• Charles Chao
• Bineta Diop
• Dharma Master Cheng Yen
• Patti Smith
Sanusi Lamido Sanusi: Afripol Person of the Week
The Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Malam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi has been in the position for less than two years but has taken pragmatic steps to reform Nigerian troubling banking system. Since his inception as the head of Nigerian Reserve Bank; the financial and economic experts at Afripol has been monitoring his application of monetary policy to stabilize the banking sector of the economy. We all can agree that he has done his level possible best, with affirmative result.
Malam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi is a free market banker and is dedicated in deepening a disciplined banking system with a well thought monetary policy. He has taken a bold but prudent step to rectify the crumbling Nigerian banking system. He introduced a reformed blueprint grounded in transparency and probity to check profligacy.
Without fear or favor he exposed the lapses in Nigerian banks and took the necessary steps to make things better. The failed banks were bailed-out, rescued and rejuvenated. The culprits in the banking sector especially the managing directors of five banks were sacked and the debtors to the banks were made to pay back the illogical deferred loans.
With quantitative easing he injected liquidity into the monetary base that aided to ease the credit crunch that brought back the availability of credits to the business community. With the prudent monetary policies, the Nigerian economy was not decelerated and the economic growth appreciated. At the end of the fourth quarter of 2110, the Nigerian economy was cruising at annual rate of 7.8 percent.
Sanusi brought a culture of professionalism and transparency that have been fizzled out for a while in Nigerian banking sector. He did not waited for banking sector to completely fall apart before he commenced with his encompassing and comprehensive banking reform. The good works he did as the chieftain of Nigerian Central bank has brought glowing attributes and accolades to him. Last week a well respected British publication, The Banker conferred to him the World's Central Bank Governor of the Year for 2011.
Some experts were concerned about the large injection of funds into the banking sector, but this is not a zero-sum game but a win-win exercise for both the taxpayers and the banks. While the banks were rescued, the economic growth was not interrupted and taxpayers in near future will be compensated when the toxic securities are traded.
As a citizen and patriot, Sanusi spoke out on the nation spending one quarter of its generated fund on the business of running the country's national assembly. This is about 25.4percent of Nigeria's overhead cost in a country with 70 percent of its citizens living in poverty. Malam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi never back down and stood up for his principle and freedom of speech.
Sanusi has brought back the respect that the Nigerian banks once enjoyed, and foreign investors are looking favorably to Nigerian banking stocks. The most important accomplishment is bringing back confidence in the banking community. The Governor of Central Bank must be guiding and monitoring the inflationary trend that may be threatening to these great efforts and reforms.
For his hard work, vigilance, pragmatism and patriotism; The Management and Staff of Afripol Organization chose Malam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi as the PERSON OF THE WEEK.
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22 year old woman awoke with left-sided weakness and a facial droop. She is taking oral contraceptives.
left Hemiplegia
Heart Murmur
⢠CT day 1 --hyperdense middle cerebral artery (HDMCA sign) suggesting intraluminal clot
⢠MRI day 1 -- Early cytotoxic edema and restricted diffusion consistent with acute right MCA infarct
⢠MRI 7 weeks later -- well developed MCA infarct with evidence of laminar necrosis
Acute middle cerebral artery embolus with infarct
Herpes encephalitis
Dx: Paradoxic Embolization, patent foramen ovale, cerebral infarction
Dx Confirmed by: CT, MRI, and physical examination
Transesophageal Doppler revealed patent foramen ovale (PFO) with a right to left shunt. The PFO was occluded by cardiology.
Seven weeks later the patient the returned with some dizziness. The focal neurological deficits had resolved.
Although the patient was on BCP's her coagulation studies were unremarkable. It was determined that the most likely cause of the infarct was a cardiac embolus (HDMCA sign) resulting from PVO.
Approximately 1 million people suffer a symptomatic stroke each year in the United States with 160,000 of these considered cryptogenic strokes. A stroke is classified as cryptogenic when no cause is identified after extensive evaluation. This occurs in 25-40% of strokes in young adults.
Relatively recently, paradoxical embolism through an atrial communication such as a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD) has been recognized as a cause cerebral ischemic events previously considered cryptogenic. Approximately 40-70% of patients suffering cryptogenic strokes have PFOs whereas the incidence of PFOs in the general population is 10-23%. Stroke patients with PFOs are also at risk for recurrent cerebral thromboembolic events at a rate of 3.4-3.8% per year.
Mechanistic theories of paradoxical embolism include right to left shunting of venous thromboemboli and the PFO acting as a tunnel within which thrombus can develop secondary to stasis with embolization occurring during periods of valsalva.
Diagnosis of a PFO or ASD can be made with transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography using agitated saline with bubbles for a contrast agent.
Current management includes medical therapy with antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, surgical closure and the more recent development of transcatheter closure with a variety of closure devices. Studies investigating transcatheter device closure of PFOs have been encouraging.
cow_pt.html :: find me


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I only stayed here one night but what a fantastic stay I had! Firstly, the hotel is in a very good location, set back from the main high street but an easy walk down to the Marina for a boat trip in the sunshine. There isn't much you can say in respect of the décor, you either like quirky or... More
- Also Known As:
- Debrett Hotel Auckland
- Hotel DeBrett Auckland, New Zealand
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- A vibrant boutique hotel experience in the heart of Auckland City's fashion and business precincts. Hotel DeBrett's iconic building features 25 individually designed rooms and suites, with luxurious beds and lavish bathrooms with divinely deep baths, granite floors and underfloor heating. Dine in award winning "Kitchen" restaurant, unwind in the warm inviting spaces and enjoy personal service. ... more less
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Bobby and Kathleen Odom Mumford spent a special weekend at home for their 50th wedding anniversary on May 5, 2012.
They were married May 5, 1962, in the parsonage at Eastside Baptist Church in McColl, S.C., by the Rev. L.B. Morrison, Pastor.
The couple has 3 children, 4 grandchildren and 2 great grandchildren.


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The Mazda MX-5 is a car to cheer you up. Just seeing one on the road puts me in mind of sunny days... whatever the weather at the time. After all, the two-seater sports car as a model must be motoring's finest evocation of carefree life.
The Mazda MX-5 is a car to cheer you up. Just seeing one on the road puts me in mind of sunny days... whatever the weather at the time.
After all, the two-seater sports car as a model must be motoring's finest evocation of carefree life.
And it was my chance to sample some of that, as the Japanese company loaned M.E.N Motoring their latest model for a week's road test.
It was to be my third time in the past eight years in an MX-5, and it was great to be reacquainted.
The car has been around for 20 or so years, and looking at pictures of the motor over that period, you can seen that the design has become more muscular but retaining the lithe and sleek lines that wins so many hearts.
In fact the MX-5 has more than 100,000 UK sales to its name. Low slung and dynamic, the car looks poised and well- planted.
The 2011 model can be instantly identified by its striking five-point lower air intake, which visually aligns the MX-5 with other models in the range.
Smart headlamps with white indicator lights, rakish front fog lamp housings and a sleek bumper heighten the car's presence, as do the prominent side sills.
At the rear, the bumper and tail-lights offer aerodynamic advantages for improved fuel economy.
Our test car, a 2.0i Sport Tech, had 17in alloy wheels and some suspension tweaks, with a specification that also included five-stage heated seats, climate control air conditioning, cruise control, a premium audio system with six-CD changer and seven speakers, and Bluetooth technology with voice recognition for hands-free phone operation.
Slip inside the car and a snug, versatile, high-quality cabin greets you, with plastics and other trim that are rewarding to the touch, including a sporty brushed aluminium panel that runs the length of the dashboard.
Our car had fine quality leather upholstery, the seats adjusting easily to find your comfortable driving position.
There's some neat storage too, including a handy lockable cubbyhole between and just to the rear of the two seats.
The centre console's cupholders have a removable partition that allows the use of either two cups or one large storage space, and there's a storage tray in front of the gear lever large enough for an MP3 player.
The dash layout is immediately clear and coherent, and all controls – major and minor – fall easily to hand and foot.
Build quality throughout is top class.
The driving experience is rewarding, with the stubby, short-throw gearstick giving slick changes.
The six-speed manual gearbox (there is an automatic option) is mated to a two-litre, 16-valve petrol engine, which delivers a lovely, sporting exhaust note, further enhanced on our Sport Tech model by a hi-tech audio component called an Induction Sound Enhancer.
The engineers have been at work to reduce fuel consumption and lower emissions without impacting on performance and drivability, delivering a fuel figure of 37mpg (combined).
The car is pacy, with a 0-62 figure of 7.6 seconds and top speed of 132mph, and the handling is gloriously crisp, responsive and agile, aided by its perfect 50:50 weight distribution.
The MX-5 also has Dynamic Stability control as standard throughout the 10-strong soft top and roadster coupe model line-up.
Other electronic safety systems are traction control, anti-lock braking and electronic brake-force distribution.
My daily commute takes in winding country lanes, undulating moorland roads and a motorway stretch, and the MX-5 felt at home in all conditions.
And top-down motoring is easy. The premium black cloth roof, with heated glass rear window, is so simple to fold back and stow.
Put simply, the MX-5 is a gem of a car... and it's smiles better at cheering you up.
Make/model: Mazda MX-5 2.0i Sport Tech
Technical: Four cylinder,
16-valve, 160bhp petrol
engine with six-speed manual gearbox.
Performance: 0-62mph, 7.6 seconds; top speed, 132mph.
Fuel: 37mpg (combined)
Emissions: 181g/km
Insurance: Group 27E
Price: Range starts at £17,990 on the road.
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Financial News and Rate Information
If at first you don't succeed, try these ideas that can help unload your home.
Does your bill contain charges you've never seen? Take these steps to correct the mistakes.
Sign up for one of these checking accounts, and you could win big. But is it smart?
Can you save for a rainy day without slipping? Follow these tips to stay on track.
Consider these six options to help you pay for your life insurance coverage.
We chose the best states to retire in on the basis of climate, cost of living and other factors.
or ? See your bank, thrift or credit union's star rating. Find one that's safe enough for you.
Time is not on a car owner's side. Depreciation eats at these five cars like rust on a fender.
As mortgage rates keep rising, you can point a finger at the Fed for some ill-timed words.
Consumers are still cautious when it comes to their spending habits, despite lower gas prices.
With the changing retirement landscape, do you ask yourself if you'll ever get to retire?


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Handbags Silverlake Drawstring (Punch) Bags and Luggage
The beautiful 'Silverlake Drawstring' handbag from The Sak™ is a great everyday companion. ; Made of genuine leather. ; Holds your wallet, sunglasses, personal technology and a bottle of water. ; Dimensions: 8 1/2 wide across bottom, 12 wide across center, 9 1/2 wide across top x 7 deep x 12 high. ; Dual handles with an attachable shoulder strap. Handle drop: 6 length. Shoulder drop: 17 1/2 length. ; Buckle accents. ; Platform bottom. ; Inside magnetic snap and drawstring closure. ; Interior lining with a back wall zip pocket and multifunctional slip pockets. ; 35.00 oz.
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Found the same room at a different price? Tell us, and we'll offer to match it.
Reviews - The Kenilworth
4 | AA Assessed Guest Accommodation | Ratings explained |
Jesmond itself offers an eclectic mix of bars, cafes, restaurants and designer shops as well as Jesmond Dene park, a spacious nature reserve and park within the City.
For all guests the Kenilworth provides free WiFi, fax facilities and car parking. Breakfast is served in our restaurant with a good choice of fruit, cereals and English Breakfast. Special diets can be catered for by prior arrangement. Bedrooms are contemporary with modern fabrics and furniture, and all 11 rooms have complimentary beverage facilities, Freeview, DVD players (with free library) and hairdryers as well as private bathrooms with complimentary toiletries.
Ru Bar:Lounge:Kitchen on the ground floor offers the perfect place to relax. Recently opened (February 2011), the menu includes a great range of gourmet burgers, grills and snacks, all cooked on the premises from quality local produce. The well stocked bar complements the delicious food with a wide selection of beers, spirits, wines and cocktails, all served to your table by friendly staff. In the summer, the outside heated terraces are great for al fresco dining and people watching.
Families and larger groups also welcome.
Reviews can only be left by customers of LateRooms who have booked and stayed at this property. All reviews are left in accordance with our conditions of posting. All reviews posted are the opinions of people who have stayed at this accommodation, not of LateRooms.com. These opinions may vary greatly and should be considered alongside all the other information available for this property. If you have more questions regarding our guest reviews read our FAQS. Terms and Conditions of Hotel ReviewsOnly the opinions of a person, or people, who have actually stayed at the hotel(s) concerned may be submitted. You must accept all liability for the contents of all postings made by you, or on your behalf. Please be aware that the hotel which you review will receive a preview of your comments 2 days prior to them appearing on the website. The hotelier may request your booking reference number in order to address your comments. In some circumstances this may affect your anonymity, but only with regard to the hotel you are reviewing. Your review may be withheld for up to fourteen days, while LateRooms.com vet all comments for posting. We will review all submissions for basic profanities and vulgar language, and we reserve the right to remove (or not publish) comments at our discretion. We also reserve the right to identify you in response to a court order, threat of legal action or complaint. If you believe that there is a review on LateRooms.com that should be removed due to the fact that it may offend or be illegal, please let us know and we will investigate and take action if appropriate. Please be advised that any review that you post on LateRooms.com will be shared across all websites operated by LateRooms Ltd including miniBreaks.com and may be distributed to selected LateRooms.com partner websites. Please be aware the name and location you choose in the reviews form will be displayed alongside your review. You may not use, or allow others to use, your review questionnaire to: Please be advised that any review that you post on LateRooms.com may be used through our marketing communications channels. Complaints If you wish to complain about, or have any concerns about any review left by others on the site, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. |


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BioResource Inflamyar Ointment is a homeopathic ointment for arthritis, sports injuries, joint problems and muscle strains. Experience the pain-reducing effect of Inflamyar Ointment today. Simply apply Inflamyar Ointment as often as needed. 3.5oz/ 100g
Inflamyar Ointment is a homeopathic-spagyric ointment to help treat pain and inflammation from soft tissue injuries. Eight herbal ingredients provide powerful healing of traumatic injuries ranging from sports injuries to minor bumps and bruises.
Inflamyar Ointment treats rheumatic, arthritic and inflammatory conditions to greatly ease pain and bring quick relief to afflicted patients – all without the side effects of chemical drugs.
Inflamyar Ointment was created for the treatment of
Sports Injuries
In addition to treating chronic conditions effectively, Inflamyar ointment is great for healing traumatic sport injuries, such as sprains, bruises and ligament strains. Although the Inflamyar ointment is normally rubbed on to the affected area, it can also be generously applied to a bandage or gauze to maximize its healing and pain easing abilities.
Inflamyar Ointment Features:
Routine use of Inflamyar Ointment restores flexibility and elasticity to muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
The herbs used in Inflamyar were carefully selected for their proven healing qualities:
Arnica montana - helps relieve hematoma, rheumatism of the muscles and joints, and bursitis. This substance is also indicated in cases where the skin or joints are extremely sensitive to the touch, and when the veins in the hands are expanded. It reduces inflammation and improves circulation.
Bellis perennis - stimulates circulation in the capillaries to help improve myalgia-arthritis conditions with accompanying pain. In addition, this substance also helps heal sprains, contusions and hematoma resulting from injuries.
Bryonia cretica -provides pain relief and promotes healing activity in the muscles, connective tissues, tendons and joints. It is indicated for joint and muscle rheumatism, and also helps relieve gout and swelling conditions with redness.
Guajacum -helps treat shortened tendons, neuralgia, neuritis, tendonitis, gout and rheumatic pains in the joints. It is also an excellent therapeutic substance for relieving Polyarthritis rheumatica with stabbing pains.
Ledum palustre -combats rheumatic pain, stiffness when exposed to cold, numbness when at rest, and gout symptoms such as swollen, inflamed balls of the toes.
Ruta graveolens - provides a similar effectiveness profile to Arnica. It is specifically indicated for treatment of hematoma, contusions, and numbness of the knee and legs. It improves circulation in the afflicted areas and eliminates venous blockage.
Toxidendron quercifolium (Rhus toxicodendron) - is indicated for treatment joint and muscle pain, as well as lumbago and sciatica. It also helps relieve stiffness in the joints and ligaments that occurs following long periods of rest or inactivity which improves only after painful movement or warmth has been administered.
Viscum album - is indicated for treatment of rheumatic spasms. This substance treats vessels and congestive developments throughout the entire body. It also is indicated for treatment of acute and chronic conditions that involve tearing, pulling pain, inflammation and irritation of the nerves.
BioResource CEO and author Michael Sheehan says "I use the ointment quite often treating for sports related bumps, bruises and muscle strains...it does not simply reduce pain, but helps heal the injured tissue and reduces inflammation with it's combination of 8 ingredients."
Inflamyar is an effective treatment for world class athetes and families alike.
Inflamyar is produced by Pekana and distributed in the U.S.A by BioResource Inc.
3.5oz/ 100g
Located in the beautiful Sonoma wine country of Northern California, BioResource Inc. is distributing to American practitioners the highest quality, German-made "energy medicines" with passion and integrity.
Founded by Michael Sheehan in 1998, BioResource Inc. is the exclusive US distributer for powerful brands of German homeopathic medicines such as Pekana, SanPharma, and Syntrion. Thanks to the efforts of Michael Sheehan and BioResource Inc., Americans can now purchase these German-made homeopathic brands right here in the United States.
The most well-known of the German-made homeopathic remedies distributed by BioResource, Inc. is the incredibly popular ointment: Inflamyar, made by Pekana. This effective topical remedy is used by athetes and moms alike to treat sports injuries, sprains, bruises, joint problems, and muscle strains.
CEO Michael Sheehan helped propell the Pekana Inflamyar product into the spotlight when he mentioned it in his debut novel, One Fine Season. Sheehan's main character keeps his pitching arm from trauma by using the German-made natural medication. A number of pro-athletes, including Lance Armstrong, have benefitted from using Pekana Inflamyar.
Brand: BioResource
Delivery type: Topical
Made In: USA
Spagyric and/or homeopathic preparations of: Arnica montana 12X, Bellis perennis 8X, Bryonia cretica 4X, Guajacum officinale 4X, Ledum palustre 4X, Rhus toxicodendron 12X, Ruta graviolens 6X, Viscum album 4X
Other Ingredients
Inactive Ingredients: Purified water cetyl alcohol, synthetic cetaceum, triglycerides. Selected ingredients prepared by spagyric processes.
Suggested Use
Unless otherwise prescribed, adults apply a moderate amount of ointment 2-3 times per day by rubbing gently into the skin. For external use ONLY.
If symptoms persist, contact a licensed practitioner. If you are pregnant or nursing a baby, seek the advice of a health care professional before use. Keep out of the reach of children. Protect from light and heat. Do not use if strip is broken or removed from base of cap.
Wonderful homeopathic ointment for sprains, pains, etc. Got this first from a practitioner as a free sample. Unable to find it in the health food stores here but it beats Arnice and Truameel! Thank you for carrying and for the quick ship!
Order # 002-3285674-4933801 (Posted on 10/17/12)
I put Inflamyar in xmas stockings two years ago and continue to hear rave reviews from family members who think I use voodoo for medicine. I have used other arnica based creams and rubs and find this one to work deeper and more quickly. The first time I bought it from an acupuncturist who sells out as soon as her shipment arrives. I just put it on a strained ACL 10 minutes ago and am already experiencing relief! And I discovered I am running out, so that's why I am ordering more now! (Posted on 10/17/12)


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breaking news
For more information, click HERE.
Readers Feel...
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routes du bonheur Suggestions for itineraries to discover the world
On reservation this offer includes:
1 night in a double room
1 dinner for 2 persons (drinks included)
1 breakfast for 2 persons
Restaurant of a Grand Chef Relais & Châteaux and hotel in the country (Le Noirmont) This Mecca of fine dining, in the heart of the Franches Montagnes in the Swiss Jura, just a few kilometres from the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds, a Unesco World Heritage site, is the epitome of relaxed elegance. Everything here simply exudes authenticity. Grand Chef Georges Wenger serves a seasonal cuisine that is light, creative and full of flavour. A cuisine based on ingredients, pairings and contrasts, which constantly seeks to invent anew its rich local heritage. Morels, asparagus, trout, rhubarb, game, truffles and wild berries have pride of place on his table. Georges Wenger is also a true wine enthusiast: he has built up an outstanding cellar with more than 1,000 wines, which alone is reason enough for a visit. Lys offer valid throughout the year except for weekends ("weekend is defined as the period from Friday evening to Sunday noon included)
Restaurant of a Grand Chef Relais & Châteaux and hotel in a village (Vufflens-le-Château) Bernard, Ruth, Nathalie, Isabelle, Guy, as soon as guests put their bags down in this family home, they are already on first-name terms with the entire Ravet family, and feel right at home. The Ravets are exceptionally welcoming and have a knack for getting things just right. In the kitchen, Grands Chefs Bernard and Guy Ravet conjure up masterpieces. Isabelle is the pastry fairy. The 16th century winery is classified as a historic monument and, in the boutique, Ruth and Nathalie, renowned sommeliers, select the finest local specialities. Lys offer valid throughout the year except for weekends ("weekend is defined as the period from Friday evening to Sunday noon included)
Hotel and restaurant in town (Vevey) The famous interior designer Pierre-Yves Rochon has restored the elegance of this majestic 19th century residence on the shores of Lake Geneva. Rochon has created a universe that celebrates the historic past and combines it with subtle contemporary flourishes. The rooms look out on the lake and the Alps, the spa is exceptional and there is an oriental lounge where rare teas can be savoured. The cuisine gives pride of place to fresh produce, featuring fish from the lake and spices from all over the world. This is an inspirational place; Anita Brookner wrote her novel Hôtel du Lac within these very walls.
Hotel and restaurant in a village (Glion) For Toni and Barbara Mittermair, "guests don't come to the hotel, they come to our home". This home is beautifully located on the banks of Lake Geneva, with snowy mountain peaks behind. It is a pleasure to sip aperitifs on the terrace, whilst watching the beautiful sunset. This is the very panorama that inspired Jean-Jacques Rousseau's novel The New Heloise. In the hotel's restaurant, the chef and his team create simple cuisine inspired by the south of France, such as the rack of Sisteron lamb with herbs accompanied by straw potatoes and ratatouille nicoise.
Hotel and restaurant in the mountains (Schönried) Close to Gstaad and its 250 km of ski slopes, there is a quiet chalet with breathtaking views of the mountains and the glittering glaciers. In summer as well as in winter, the Hostellerie Alpenrose is incredibly charming and is the ideal starting point for excursions into truly unspoilt landscapes. After some brisk outdoor activity, the cosy rooms, pampering in the wellness-center and delicious gourmet cuisine guarantee ultimate well-being at alpine altitudes.
Hotel and restaurant in town (Geneva) The Saint-Pierre Cathedral, the Reformation Wall, the fountain, the English garden… The discovery of Geneva's cultural wonders begins with a stay in this hotel located in the heart of the city. The golden stork which stands above the door sets the tone of this stunningly decorated palace, with its baroque fountain, Belle Epoque fresco and tall stone columns… In the kitchen, original dishes accentuate the enchantment, with the roasted catfish served with thinly sliced marinated pumpkin and chopped nuts. Geneva, I love you…
Hotel and restaurant in the mountains (Verbier) In a picture-postcard setting with unbelievable views of snowy peaks, Le Chalet d'Adrien seems to cling to the mountainside. It overlooks Verbier, one of the most charming high altitude resorts in Switzerland. In winter it is an unrivalled ski paradise, and in summer the high mountain pastures are the perfect place for magnificent hikes. Matching wood panelling and fabrics, antique furniture, books and objets d'art scattered around in a homey way all combine to create a charming, cosy atmosphere from which the pristine beauty of the landscape can be enjoyed. The pool looking onto the mountains, and the spa are an invitation to well-being. The restaurants feature the culinary flavours of nearby Italy and showcase Valais products and wines. Lys offer valid in low season from 1 November to 31 March – except for mountain properties: from 1 May to 30 November
Hotel and restaurant in the mountains (Leukerbad) A revitalizing bath in this property's very own thermal hot springs in the open-air is one of those experiences that are simply unforgettable. All around the springs lies virgin white snow. Hot-stone and essential oil massages, fango, and slimming or sculpting body treatments complete the extensive menu of spa treatments. Moreover, individual slimming diets are proposed. The spacious and welcoming rooms have been refurbished in 2012. In the restaurant, fresh, well-balanced cuisine highlights the flavours of surf and turf. The chef's personal motto - "be a wise gourmet" - rises to the occasion in this temple of health and well-being.
Hotel and restaurant in the mountains (Saas-Fee) The Saas-Fee valley is also called the pearl of the Alps, and the Waldhotel Fletschhorn, which has just celebrated its centennial anniversary, is the pearl of this valley. This hotel is unique and even has its own art gallery. The restaurant is the perfect place to stop for gourmet food and great culinary experiences, such as the delicious buffalo steak with green pepper jus and Anna potatoes or the Saas lamb. Meals are served on one of the most beautiful forest terraces in the world accompanied by a wine selection from the cellar with more than 42,000 bottles collected from expertly selected vintages.
Hotel and restaurant on a lake (Murten-Meyriez) Imagine a grand, charming residence in the lakeside landscapes of the Fribourg Jura, with its extraordinary sunsets and magical plays of light. At Le Vieux Manoir, delight in an exceptional setting and the same dedication to hospitality that this hotel has been renowned for over one hundred years. Take part in the numerous activities on offer and discover the gentle pleasures of staying here, whether they be culinary or cultural. Lys offer valid throughout the year except for weekends ("weekend is defined as the period from Friday evening to Sunday noon included)
Hotel and restaurant in the mountains (Pontresina) There is a very special canton in Switzerland; a canton where the people speak Romansh, Italian and German. A canton where the famous author Johanna Spyri drew inspiration for her famous novel, Heidi. A canton whose railway line from Thusis over the Bernina pass to Tirano has been added to the Unesco World Heritage list. It is the canton of Graubünden. This is the location of Hotel Walther, a fairytale castle that appears out of nowhere. Walther has been an elegant hotel for over one hundred years. The "wellness oasis" has a waterfall and the Cristallino stone grotto is unique in Europe. This grotto is an extraordinary sauna in an igloo made of Andeer granite. Another speciality is Hotel Walther's own recipe, marinated Bernina-Bresaola served in the restaurant La Stüva. Lys offer valid throughout the year except for weekends ("weekend is defined as the period from Friday evening to Sunday noon included)
Restaurant and hotel in the mountains (Ftan) This luxury hideaway is located in an idyllic landscape with an exceptional panorama of the blooming meadows and snow-covered peaks of the Dolomites. The interior has been furnished with precious works of art and antiquities of reputed Engadine Valley artists. The three restaurants offer diverse pleasures – ranging from Swiss specialities in the antique Bauernstube down to gourmet cuisine in L'Autezza. Extensive wellness offerings and pure relaxation can be enjoyed by guests in the hotel's spa – complete with magnificent views of the Silvretta summit. Far away from mass tourism, the hotel is the ideal starting point for extensive walks and bicycle tours. One of the most beautiful golf courses in Switzerland is nearby and in winter, the 60 km tracks and pistes are a delight for alpine and cross-country skiers.
Hotel and restaurant in the mountains (Tarasp) Schlosshotel Chastè is brimming with character and set in particularly peaceful surroundings, at the foot of Tarasp Castle in the Engadin, a region renowned for its national parks. This former inn, managed by the Pazeller family, embodies all that is gentle about Switzerland: the warmly welcoming living and guest rooms are panelled in Alpine pine in traditional fashion. Its inventive cuisine is served with superb wines from the cellar in bright, friendly dining rooms. Lys offer valid in low season from 1 November to 31 March – except for mountain properties: from 1 May to 30 November
Relais & Châteaux offers you a vast choice of travel gift certificates : discover honeymoon travel package, spa gift certificates, romantic gift ideas, and luxury gift ideas for special occasions, and discover our guide of hotel, restaurant certificates to select theme stays around the world


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GlobalPaw provides dog lovers with valuable content including Dog Pictures, Dog Chat Room, Member Blogs, Dog Articles, Dog Treat Recipes, and more!
vBulletin Message |
Greetings Dog Lovers! I'm currently upgrading the website to a newer software version. We may be down until early July, 2010. We apologize for this inconvenience. -Mike |


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Web Extra: Storms in the Forecast? Turn on Your Weather Radio
By: KARK 4 News
Updated: January 29, 2013
The National Weather Service in Little Rock broadcasts weather information 24 hours a day on NOAA Weather Radio.
When it becomes necessary to issue a severe weather or tornado warning, the National Weather Service can activate an alarm tone. This tone activates specially equipped Weather Radio to alert you that very important information will follow. The advantage is that you do not have to continuously monitor your radio, because it will put out an audible alert.
Since most Weather Radios are portable, you can take them on vacations or other trips. If you are camping, you can hear the latest forecast and information on potentially severe weather.
Weather Radio provides more than severe weather warnings, it provides tailored area forecasts, hourly weather reports, summaries of the past weather, and more. The advantage is that the information you hear on Weather Radio is routinely updated. During adverse weather, along with forecasts and warnings, safety information is broadcast. For example, if a tornado warning has been issued, you may be told what the safest locations are to protect yourself.
S.A.M.E. codes for every county in Arkansas:
You use these codes to program your weather radio for your county. It also lists the frequency the radio should be tuned to in many towns to get the weather radio transmission. These frequencies will work for most, but you should always try a couple near you to see which one sounds best for your area.
Weather Radio broadcasts are originated at various National Weather Service offices nationwide. Each transmitter has a normal range of 35 to 40 miles, but with high quality receiver and antennas, the signal can be picked up at greater distances. One of the goals of the National Weather Service is to expand the Weather Radio network to include nearly every location in the United States.
Links to weather radio apps for iPhone, iPad & android:
iMap Weather Radio from iTunes
iMap Weather Radio from Google
Free Android Weather Radio App


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InstructionsYou can use the open communication through ISO-on-TCP connections for data exchange by way of the Industrial Ethernet CPs of S7-300 and S7-400.
Below we describe how to configure an ISO-on-TCP connection for sending and receiving data by way of an Industrial Ethernet CP of S7-300 and S7-400.
ISOonTCP_Connection_en.pdf ( 2121 KB )
The functions below are called in the user program of the CPU for sending and receiving data by way of configured ISO-on-TCP connections.
The entries below contain sample programs and instructions for programming the above-mentioned functions in the user programs of S7-300 and S7-400: 17853532 and 18513371.
NoteMore information on communication over the Industrial Ethernet with S7-300 and S7-400 is available in the entries below.


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Shirts and Pulls
MTR 71 Top Women RRP $ 49.00
This top without internal support is distinguished by its light weight and high air permeability. It is ideal for hot summer days.
Item no. | 1041-05580 |
Colour | spring-dark spring |
Fabric | VENtech™ |
Oberstoff_K1 | VENtech™ |
weight in g | 62 |
Recommended retail price | $ 49.00 |
- Wonderfully refreshing light knitted fabric, ideal for warm temperatures
- Great freedom of movement thanks to the high elastane content in the fabric
- Fast drying material to prevent chills and provide lasting comfort
- The material's high breathability prevents the build-up of heat and promotes temperature regulation
- Antibacterial treatment to help reduce the formation of perspiration odors
- Wonderfully dynamic seam design without stabilizing insert in the chest area
- Flatlock seams for extra elasticity and to prevent abrasion
- Reflective logos for visual safety
- Athletic seam design
- Distinctive line print
- Athletic Fit
Ideal for
Trail RunningSuitable for
Backpacking, Nordic Walking, Mountain Hiking, Training/Workout ClimbingEquipment
VENtech™ | ||||||
Composition 1


text: Yeah, the kid is a spoiled brat that hates my guts. He kind of smirked at me when he found out that the biggest thing I got for Christmas was my Sims 3 game and I know it was on sale. Hello, money isn't love! His parents throw it at him. I'm glad my parents raised me right. I didn't have a cellphone until my 18th birthday and that was after I graduated high school. Anything I want, I save up for it. There is no other sense of pride then owning something you earned. I'm afraid he will never know this pride.