text:
Asheville, North Carolina
Asheville, North Carolina | |||
— City — | |||
Downtown Asheville and surrounding area | |||
Nickname(s): "Land of the Sky"[1] | |||
Motto: "Quality of Service, Quality of Life" | |||
Location in North Carolina | |||
Coordinates: 35°34′48″N 82°33′21″W / 35.58000°N 82.55583°WCoordinates: 35°34′48″N 82°33′21″W / 35.58000°N 82.55583°W | |||
Country | United States | ||
State | North Carolina | ||
County | Buncombe | ||
Incorporated | 1797 | ||
Government | |||
• Mayor | Terry Bellamy | ||
• Council Members | Cecil Bothwell, Jan Davis, Esther Manheimer, Chris Pelly, Marc Hunt, Gordon Smith |
Area | |||
• City | 41.3 sq mi (107.0 km2) | ||
• Land | 40.9 sq mi (106.0 km2) | ||
• Water | 0.4 sq mi (1.0 km2) 0.94% | ||
Elevation | 2,134 ft (650 m) | ||
Population (2010)[2] | |||
• City | 83,393 | ||
• Density | 2,032.15/sq mi (786.02/km2) | ||
• Urban | 238,318 | ||
• Metro | 424,858 | ||
• Demonym | Ashevillian | ||
US Census Bureau official | |||
Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) | ||
• Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) | ||
Area code(s) | 828 | ||
FIPS code | 37-02140[3] | ||
GNIS feature ID | 1018864[4] | ||
Website | www.ashevillenc.gov |
Asheville is a city in and the county seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States.[5] It is the largest city in Western North Carolina, and the 11th largest city in North Carolina. The city's population was 83,393 according to the 2010 United States census. It is the principal city in the four-county Asheville metropolitan area, with a population 424,858 in 2010.[6] Asheville is home to the United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), the world's largest active archive of weather data.
Contents |
Before the arrival of the Europeans, the land where Asheville now exists lay within the boundaries of the Cherokee Nation.[7] In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto came to the area, bringing the first European visitors[8] in addition to European diseases which seriously depleted the native population.[9] The area was used as an open hunting ground until the middle of the 19th century.[10]
The history of Asheville, as a town, begins in 1784. In that year, Colonel Samuel Davidson and his family settled in the Swannanoa Valley, redeeming a soldier's land grant from the state of North Carolina. Soon after building a log cabin at the bank of Christian Creek, Davidson was lured into the woods by a band of Cherokee hunters and killed. Davidson's wife, child and female slave fled on foot overnight to Davidson's Fort (named after Davidson's father General John Davidson) 16 miles away.
In response to the killing, Davidson's twin brother Major William Davidson and brother-in-law Colonel Daniel Smith formed an expedition to retrieve Samuel Davidson's body and avenge his murder. Months after the expedition, Major Davidson and other members of his extended family returned to the area and settled at the mouth of Bee Tree Creek.
The United States Census of 1790 counted 1,000 residents of the area, excluding the Cherokee Native Americans. Buncombe County was officially formed in 1792. The county seat, named "Morristown" in 1793, was established on a plateau where two old Indian trails crossed. In 1797, Morristown was incorporated and renamed "Asheville" after North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe.[11][12]
The Civil War[edit]
Asheville, with a population of approximately 2,500 by 1861, remained relatively untouched by the Civil War, but contributed a number of companies to the Confederate States Army, and a substantially smaller number of soldiers to the Union.[citation needed] For a time, an Enfield rifle manufacturing facility was located in the town. The war came to Asheville as an afterthought, when the "Battle of Asheville" was fought in early April 1865 at the present-day site of the University of North Carolina at Asheville, with Union forces withdrawing to Tennessee after encountering resistance from a small group of Confederate senior and junior reserves and recuperating Confederate soldiers in prepared trench lines across the Buncombe Turnpike; orders had been given to the Union force to take Asheville only if this could be accomplished without significant losses.[citation needed]
An engagement was also fought later that month at Swannanoa Gap as part of the larger Stoneman's Raid, with Union forces retreating in the face of resistance from Brig. Gen. Martin, commander of Confederate troops in western North Carolina, but returning to the area via Howard's Gap and Henderson County.[citation needed] In late April 1865 troops under the overall command of Union Gen. Stoneman captured Asheville. Hartley, Stoneman's Raid, p. 362 (Blair, 2010) After a negotiated departure, the troops nevertheless subsequently returned and plundered and burned a number of Confederate supporters' homes in Asheville. Hartley, supra, at p. 350-358. The years following the war were a time of economic and social hardship in Buncombe County, as throughout most of the defeated South.[citation needed]
On October 2, 1880, the Western North Carolina Railroad completed its line from Salisbury to Asheville, the first rail line to reach the city. Almost immediately it was sold and resold to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company, becoming part of the Southern Railway in 1894.[13] With the completion of the first railway, Asheville experienced a slow but steady growth as industrial plants increased in number and size, and new residents built homes. Textile mills were established and plants were set up for the manufacture of wood and mica products, foodstuffs, and other commodities.[14]
The 21-mile distance between Hendersonville and Asheville of the former Asheville and Spartanburg Railroad was completed in 1886.[15] By that point, the line was operated as part of the Richmond and Danville Railroad until 1894 and controlled by the Southern Railway afterward.[16] (Asheville's final passenger train, a coach-only remnant of the Southern Railway's "Carolina Special", last ran on December 5, 1968.)
Asheville had the first electric street railway lines in the state of North Carolina, the first of which opened in 1889. These would be replaced by buses in 1934.[17]
1900s to present[edit]
Asheville prospered in the decades of the 1910s and 1920s and at one point was the third largest city in the state, behind Charlotte and Wilmington. The Great Depression, the period of Asheville's history made world-famous by the novel Look Homeward, Angel, hit Asheville quite hard. On November 20, 1930, eight local banks failed.[18] Only Wachovia remained open with infusions of cash from Winston-Salem.[citation needed] Because of the explosive growth of the previous decades, the per capita debt owed by the city (through municipal bonds) was the highest in the nation.[19] By 1929, both the city and Buncombe County had incurred over $56 million in bonded debt to pay for a wide range of municipal and infrastructure improvements, including the courthouse and City Hall, paved streets, Beaucatcher Tunnel, school buildings and municipal parks. Rather than default, the city paid those debts over a period of fifty years. From the start of the depression through the 1980s, economic growth in Asheville was slow. During this time of financial stagnation, most of the buildings in the downtown district remained unaltered. Therefore, Asheville has one of the most impressive, comprehensive collections of Art Deco architecture in the United States.[20][21]
On July 15–16, 1916, the Asheville area was subject to severe flooding from the remnants of a tropical storm which caused more than $3 million in damage. In September 2004, remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan caused major flooding in Asheville, particularly at Biltmore Village.[22][23]
In 2003, Centennial Olympic Park bomber Eric Robert Rudolph was transported to Asheville from Murphy, North Carolina, for arraignment in federal court.[24][25]
Nationwide recognition[edit]
Asheville pops up on national rankings for a variety of things: "a New Age Mecca" (CBS News' Eye On America, 1996),[26] the "New Freak Capital of the U.S." (Rolling Stone, 2000), one of "The 50 Most Alive Places To Be" (Modern Maturity, 2000),[27] the "Happiest City for Women" (Self, 2002),[28] one of the "Best Places to Reinvent Your Life" (AARP Magazine, 2003),[29] one the "Best Outside Towns" (Outside Magazine, 2006),[30] one of the "Top Seven Places to Live in the U.S." (Frommer's, 2007),[31] one of the "10 Most Beautiful Places in America" (Good Morning America, 2011),[32] and one of the "25 Best Places for Business and Careers" (Forbes, 2012). Asheville has been listed as one of the "Top 25 Small Cities for Art" in AmericanStyle magazine's annual list from 2000 to 2012[33] and has reigned the champion "Beer City USA" each year from 2009 to 2012.
In his 2008 book, The Geography of Bliss, author Eric Weiner cited Asheville as one of the happiest places in the United States.
Asheville and the surrounding mountains are also popular in the autumn when fall foliage peaks in October. The scenic Blue Ridge Parkway runs through the area and near the Biltmore Estate.
Local government[edit]
The City of Asheville operates under a council-manager form of government, via its charter. Over 89 million American citizens live in this type of local government. City Council appoints a city manager to achieve the desired end set by the City Council. The manager oversees day-to-day city operations and executes Council-established laws and policies. The city manager also ensures the entire community is being served. If the manager is not responsive to the governing body's directions and guidance, the governing body has the authority to terminate the manager at any time. City Council also appoints the city attorney and the city clerk.[34] In the absence or disability of the mayor, the vice-mayor performs the mayoral duties. The vice-mayor is appointed by the members of City Council. City Council determines the needs to be addressed and the degree of service to be provided by the administrative branch of city government.
Mayor Terry Bellamy, the city's first African-American female mayor, is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition.[35] In 2005, Mayor Charles Worley signed the U.S. Conference of Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, and in 2006 the City Council created the Sustainable Advisory Committee on Energy and the Environment. In 2007, the Council became the first city on the East Coast to commit to building all municipal buildings to LEED Gold Standards and to achieve 80 percent energy reduction of 2001 standards by 2040. In 2007, the Council signed an agreement with Warren Wilson College stating the intent of the city and college to work together toward climate partnership goals. In 2009, the election of city councilman Cecil Bothwell was challenged because the North Carolina Constitution does not allow for atheists to hold public office.[36] Bothwell has described himself as a "post theist" rather than an atheist[37] and is a member of a local Unitarian Universalist congregation.[38]
While the city council elections are non-partisan, party politics may enter into play with both Republican and Democratic counterparts backing their registered members candidacy. While all of the members of the city council are registered Democrats, the Republicans have held offices in past years – such as Carl Mumpower, who lost a run in 2008 for North Carolina's 11th congressional district seat. The next year, he was defeated for reelection to the council. An effort by the council to return to partisan elections was defeated by voters in a referendum held in November 2007. The 2011 election cycle concluded with Marc Hunt, Chris Pelly elected, and Jan Davis reelected to the Asheville City Council. Lael Gray, Mark Cates, and Saul Chase finished fourth, fifth, and sixth, respectively.[39]
- Current elected officials[40]
- Mayor: Terry Bellamy
- Vice-Mayor: Esther Manheimer
- Council: Cecil Bothwell
- Council: Marc Hunt
- Council: Chris Pelly
- Council: Gordon Smith
- Council: Jan Davis
State government[edit]
In the North Carolina Senate, Martin Nesbitt (D-Asheville) and Tom Apodaca (R-Hendersonville) both represent parts of Buncombe County. Nesbitt represents most of the city of Asheville.[41] Apodaca represents a small portion of the southern part of Asheville.[42]
In the North Carolina House of Representatives, Susan Fisher (D-Asheville), Patsy Keever (D-Asheville), and Tim Moffitt (R-Asheville) all represent parts of the county.[43] All three of them represent parts of the city.
Federal government[edit]
In the 2012 presidential election, Barack Obama won the entirety of Buncombe County with 55% of the vote. Obama has visited the city on a few occasions.[44] In April 2010, he and his family vacationed in the city; it was the first time he visited since October 5, 2008.[45]
North Carolina is represented in the United States Senate by Richard Burr (R-Winston-Salem) and Kay Hagan (D-Greensboro). The city of Asheville is based in both North Carolina's 10th congressional district and North Carolina's 11th congressional district, represented by Patrick McHenry (R-Gaston County) and Mark Meadows (R-Jackson County), respectively.
Asheville is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains at the confluence of the Swannanoa River and the French Broad River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.3 square miles (107.0 km2), of which 40.9 square miles (105.9 km2) is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2) (0.94%) is water.[citation needed]
The climate of Asheville is a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), resembling the rest of the southeastern U.S., but with noticeably cooler temperatures due to the higher altitude. The area's summers in particular, though warm, are not as hot as summers in cities farther east in the state, as the July daily average temperature is 73.8 °F (23.2 °C) and there is an average of only 9.4 days with 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs annually. Moreover, warm nights where the low remains at or above 70 °F (21 °C) are even more uncommon than 90 °F temperatures. Winters are cool, with a January daily average of 37.1 °F (2.8 °C). Snowfall is sporadic and usually light, with an average seasonal amount of 11.8 inches (30.0 cm). Freezing rain often occurs, accompanied by more significant disruption. Precipitation is relatively well spread, though the summer months are noticeably wetter, and totals 45.7 inches (1,160 mm) annually.
Extremes range from −16 °F (−27 °C) on January 21, 1985 to 100 °F (38 °C) on August 21, 1983.[46][47]
Climate data for Asheville, North Carolina (Asheville Regional Airport), 1981–2010 normals | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 47.4 (8.6) |
51.0 (10.6) |
58.7 (14.8) |
67.7 (19.8) |
74.8 (23.8) |
81.3 (27.4) |
84.0 (28.9) |
82.9 (28.3) |
76.9 (24.9) |
68.1 (20.1) |
58.8 (14.9) |
49.5 (9.7) |
66.8 (19.3) |
Average low °F (°C) | 26.7 (−2.9) |
29.7 (−1.3) |
35.5 (1.9) |
42.8 (6) |
51.4 (10.8) |
59.6 (15.3) |
63.7 (17.6) |
62.9 (17.2) |
55.8 (13.2) |
44.6 (7) |
35.8 (2.1) |
29.3 (−1.5) |
44.8 (7.1) |
Precipitation inches (mm) | 3.69 (93.7) |
3.77 (95.8) |
3.82 (97) |
3.33 (84.6) |
3.66 (93) |
4.67 (118.6) |
4.35 (110.5) |
4.41 (112) |
3.84 (97.5) |
2.90 (73.7) |
3.65 (92.7) |
3.61 (91.7) |
45.71 (1,161) |
Snowfall inches (cm) | 4.6 (11.7) |
2.4 (6.1) |
1.9 (4.8) |
0.8 (2) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.3) |
1.9 (4.8) |
11.8 (30) |
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.9 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 125.6 |
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 6.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 176.7 | 183.6 | 223.2 | 252.0 | 263.5 | 267.0 | 257.3 | 226.3 | 207.0 | 220.1 | 180.0 | 167.4 | 2,624.1 |
Source: NOAA,[48] HKO (sun only, 1961–1990)[49] |
- North – includes the neighborhoods of Albemarle Park, Beaverdam, Beaver Lake, Chestnut Hills, Colonial Heights, Grove Park, Hillcrest, Kimberly, Klondyke, Montford, and Norwood Park. Chestnut Hill, Grove Park, Montford, and Norwood Park neighborhoods are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Montford and Albemarle Park have been named local historic districts by the Asheville City Council.
- East – includes the neighborhoods of Beverly Hills, Chunn's Cove, Haw Creek, Oakley, Oteen, Reynolds, Riceville, and Town Mountain.
- West – includes the neighborhoods of Camelot, Wilshire Park, Bear Creek, Deaverview Park, Emma, Hi-Alta Park, Lucerne Park, Malvern Hills, Sulphur Springs, Haywood Road, and Pisgah View.
- South – includes the neighborhoods of Ballantree, Biltmore Village, Biltmore Park, Kenilworth, Oak Forest, Royal Pines, Shiloh, and Skyland. Biltmore Village has been named a local historic district by the Asheville City Council.[50]
Notable architecture in Asheville includes its Art Deco city hall, and other unique buildings in the downtown area, such as the Battery Park Hotel, the original of which was 475-feet long with numerous dormers and chimneys; the Neo-Gothic Jackson Building, the first skyscraper on Pack Square; Grove Arcade, one of America's first indoor shopping malls;[51] and the Basilica of St. Lawrence. The S&W Cafeteria Building is also a fine example of Art Deco architecture in Asheville.[52] The Grove Park Inn is an important example of architecture and design of the Arts and Crafts movement.
Asheville's recovery from the Depression was slow and arduous. Because of the financial stagnation, there was little new construction and much of the downtown district remained unaltered. This however has allowed Asheville to be a great collection of Art Deco and truly a style all its own.
The Montford Area Historic District and other central areas are considered historic districts and include Victorian houses. On the other hand, Biltmore Village, located at the entrance to the famous estate, showcases unique architectural features that are found only in the Asheville area. It was here that workers stayed during the construction of George Vanderbilt's estate.[citation needed] Today, however, as with many of Asheville's historical districts, it has been transformed into a district home to quaint, trendy shops and interesting boutiques. The YMI Cultural Center, founded in 1892 by George Vanderbilt in the heart of downtown, is one of the nation's oldest African-American cultural centers.[53][54]
Historical populations | |||
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1870 | 1,400 |
1880 | 2,616 | 86.9% | |
1890 | 10,235 | 291.2% | |
1900 | 14,694 | 43.6% | |
1910 | 18,762 | 27.7% | |
1920 | 28,504 | 51.9% | |
1930 | 50,193 | 76.1% | |
1940 | 51,310 | 2.2% | |
1950 | 53,000 | 3.3% | |
1960 | 60,192 | 13.6% | |
1970 | 57,929 | −3.8% | |
1980 | 54,022 | −6.7% | |
1990 | 61,607 | 14.0% | |
2000 | 68,889 | 11.8% | |
2010 | 83,393 | 21.1% | |
Est. 2011 | 84,458 | 1.3% | |
2011 estimate |
Asheville is the larger principal city of the Asheville-Brevard CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Asheville metropolitan area (Buncombe, Haywood, Henderson, and Madison counties) and the Brevard micropolitan area (Transylvania County),[55][56][57] which had a combined population of 398,505 at the 2000 census.[3]
At the 2000 census[3], there were 68,889 people, 30,690 households and 16,726 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,683.4 per square mile (650.0/km²). There were 33,567 housing units at an average density of 820.3 per square mile (316.7/km²). The racial composition of the city was: 77.95% White, 17.61% Black or African American, 3.76% Hispanic or Latino American, 0.92% Asian American, 0.35% Native American, 0.06% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, 1.53% some other race, and 1.58% two or more races.
There were 30,690 households of which 22.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.81.
Age distribution was 19.6% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.
The median household income was $32,772, and the median family income was $44,029. Males had a median income of $30,463 versus $23,488 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,024. About 13% of families and 19% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.9% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.
Metropolitan area[edit]
Asheville is the largest city located within the Asheville MSA (Metropolitan Statistical Area). The MSA includes Buncombe County; Haywood County; Henderson County; and Madison County; with a combined population – as of the 2008 Census Bureau population estimate – of 408,436.[6]
Apart from Asheville, the MSA includes Hendersonville and Waynesville, along with a number of smaller incorporated towns: Biltmore Forest, Black Mountain, Canton, Clyde, Flat Rock, Fletcher, Hot Springs, Laurel Park, Maggie Valley, Mars Hill, Marshall, Mills River, Montreat, Weaverville and Woodfin.
Several sizable unincorporated rural and suburban communities are also located nearby: Arden, Barnardsville (incorporated until 1970), Bent Creek, Candler, Enka, Fairview, Jupiter (incorporated until 1970), Leicester, Oteen, Skyland, and Swannanoa.
Largest employers[edit]
According to the city's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[58] the largest employers in the city are:
# | Employer | # of Employees |
1 | Mission Health System | 3,000+ |
2 | Buncombe County Schools System | 3,000+ |
3 | Ingles | 3,000+ |
4 | State of North Carolina | 1,000+ |
5 | Buncombe County | 1,000+ |
6 | Asheville VA Medical Center | 1,000+ |
7 | City of Asheville | 1,000+ |
8 | Wal-Mart | 1,000+ |
9 | The Biltmore Company | 1,000+ |
10 | Asheville–Buncombe Technical Community College | 1,000+ |
11 | Eaton | 1,000+ |
12 | Grove Park Inn | 500–999 |
13 | Asheville City Schools | 500–999 |
14 | Community CarePartners | 500–999 |
15 | United States Postal Service | 500–999 |
16 | BorgWarner Turbo Systems | 500–999 |
17 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 500–999 |
18 | arvato digital services | 500–999 |
19 | Employment Control | 500–999 |
20 | Volvo Construction Equipment | 500–999 |
Public Asheville City Schools include Asheville High School (known as Lee H Edwards High School 1935–1969), School of Inquiry and Life Sciences at Asheville, Asheville Middle School, Claxton Elementary, Randolph Learning Center, Hall Fletcher Elementary, Isaac Dickson Elementary, Ira B. Jones Elementary and Vance Elementary. Asheville High has been ranked by Newsweek magazine as one of the top 100 high schools in the United States. The Buncombe County School System operates high schools, middle schools and elementary schools both inside and outside the city of Asheville. Clyde A. Erwin High School, T C Roberson High School and A. C. Reynolds High School are three Buncombe County schools located in Asheville.[citation needed]
Asheville was formerly home to one of the only Sudbury schools in the Southeast, Katuah Sudbury School. It is also home to several charter schools, including Francine Delany New School for Children (one of the first charter schools in North Carolina) and Evergreen Community Charter School, an Outward Bound-Expeditionary Learning School, recognized as one of the most environmentally conscious schools in the country.[59]
Two private residential high schools are located in the Asheville area: the all-male Christ School (located in Arden) and the co-educational Asheville School. Several other private schools, including Carolina Day School, enroll local day students.
Asheville and its surrounding area have several institutions of higher education:
- Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College (Asheville)
- Black Mountain College (Black Mountain: 1933–1957)
- Shaw University College of Adult and Professional Education or C.A.P.E.
- Brevard College (Brevard)
- Mars Hill College (Mars Hill)
- Montreat College (Montreat)
- University of North Carolina at Asheville (Asheville)
- Warren Wilson College (Swannanoa)
- Western Carolina University (Cullowhee)
- Blue Ridge Community College (Flat Rock)
Asheville is served by Asheville Regional Airport in nearby Fletcher, North Carolina, and by Interstate 40, Interstate 240, and Interstate 26. A milestone was achieved in 2003 when Interstate 26 was extended from Mars Hill (north of Asheville) to Johnson City, Tennessee, completing a 20-year half-billion dollar construction project through the Blue Ridge Mountains. Work continues to improve Interstate 26 from Mars Hill to Interstate 40 by improving U.S. Route 19 and U.S. Route 23 and the western part of Interstate 240. This construction will include a multi-million dollar bridge to cross the French Broad River.[60]
The city operates the Asheville Transit System, which consists of several bus lines connecting parts of the city and surrounding areas.
The Norfolk Southern Railway passes through the city, though passenger service is currently not available in the area.
Public services and utilities[edit]
Drinking water in Asheville is provided by the Asheville water department. The water system consists of three water treatment plants, more than 1,600 miles (2,600 km) of water lines, 30 pumping stations and 27 storage reservoirs. Until recently the direction of the water agency was shared between Buncombe County and the City of Asheville.[citation needed] The two governments are currently seeking agreement on water that could restore the previous intergovermental agency.[citation needed] The public drinking water supply in most areas of Asheville is presently fluoridated by the addition of hydrofluorosilic acid, at a rate of 0.7 parts per million[citation needed].
The original water system in Asheville dates from the 1880s when Asheville constructed a reservoir on Beaucatcher Mountain, collecting water from various springs and branches. Pipes were laid and unfiltered water distributed by gravity flowed down into the town.[citation needed]
Sewer services are provided by the Metropolitan Sewerage District of Buncombe County, power provided by Progress Energy Inc, and natural gas is provided by PSNC Energy.
Local culture[edit]
Live music is a significant element in the tourism-based economy of Asheville and the surrounding area. Seasonal festivals and numerous nightclubs and performance venues offer opportunities for visitors and locals to attend a wide variety of live entertainment events.[61]
Asheville has a strong tradition of street performance and outdoor music, including festivals, such as Bele Chere and the Lexington Avenue Arts & Fun Festival (LAAFF). One event is "Shindig on the Green," which happens Saturday nights during July and August on City/County Plaza. By tradition, the Shindig starts "along about sundown" and features local bluegrass bands and dance teams on stage, and informal jam sessions under the trees surrounding the County Courthouse. The "Mountain Dance & Folk Festival" started in 1928 by Bascom Lamar Lunsford is said to be the first event ever labeled a "Folk Festival". Another popular outdoor music event is "Downtown After 5," a monthly concert series held from 5 pm till 9 pm that hosts popular touring musicians as well as local acts. A regular drum circle, organized by residents in Pritchard Park, is open to all and has been a popular local activity every Friday evening.[62]
Asheville also plays host to the Warren Haynes Christmas Jam, an annual charity event which raises money for Habitat For Humanity, and attracts nationally touring acts; in addition to regular performers Haynes himself, and the two bands he plays with, the Allman Brothers Band and Gov't Mule, past acts include King Crimson, Bob Dylan, Robert Fripp, Dave Matthews, Ani Difranco, Widespread Panic, and Phish. Other big acts that have played the Asheville area in recent years are bands such as Porcupine Tree, Broken Social Scene, Ween, The Avett Brothers, Gillian Welch, Cat Power, Ghost Mice, Loretta Lynn, The Disco Biscuits, STS9, Pretty Lights, Primus, M. Ward and The Mountain Goats. DJ music, as well as a small, but active, dance community are also components of the downtown musical landscape. The town is also home to the Asheville Symphony Orchestra and the Asheville Lyric Opera and there are a number of bluegrass, country, and traditional mountain musicians in the Asheville area. A residency at local music establishment The Orange Peel by Smashing Pumpkins in 2007, along with Beastie Boys in 2009, brought national attention to Asheville.[63] The Seattle based rock band, Band of Horses, have also recorded their last two albums at Echo Mountain Studios in Asheville, as have The Avett Brothers (who have also traditionally played a New Year's Eve concert in Asheville). Christian vocal group the Kingsmen originated in Asheville.
Current teams[edit]
Name | Sport | Founded | League | Venue |
Asheville Tourists | Baseball | 1897 | South Atlantic | McCormick Field |
Asheville Grizzlies | Football | ?? | NAFL | Memorial Stadium |
Previous teams[edit]
Name | Sport | Founded | League | Venue | Years in Asheville |
Asheville Smoke | Ice hockey | 1991 | United Hockey League | Asheville Civic Center | 1998–2002 |
Asheville Aces | Ice hockey | 2004 | Southern Professional Hockey League | Asheville Civic Center | 2004 |
Asheville Altitude | Basketball | 2001 | NBA Development League | Asheville Civic Center | 2001–2005 |
Other sports[edit]
Area colleges and universities, such as the University of North Carolina at Asheville, compete in sports. UNCA's sports teams are known as the Bulldogs and play in the Big South Conference. The Fighting Owls of Warren Wilson College participate in mountain biking and ultimate sports teams. The College is also home of the Hooter Dome, where the Owls play their home basketball games. The Civic Center is home to the Blue Ridge Rollergirls, an up-and-coming team in the sport of Women's Flat-Track Roller Derby.
Recreational sports[edit]
Asheville is a major hub of whitewater recreation, particularly whitewater kayaking, in the eastern US. Many kayak manufacturers have their bases of operation in the Asheville area.[64] Some of the most distinguished whitewater kayakers live in or around Asheville.[65] In its July/August 2006 journal, the group American Whitewater named Asheville one of the top five US whitewater cities.[65] Asheville is also home to numerous Disc Golf courses. Soccer is another popular recreational sport in Asheville. Many games are held at Azalea Park. HFC is the local soccer club in Asheville. The Asheville Hockey League provides opportunities for youth and adult inline hockey at an outdoor rink at Carrier Park. The rink is open to the public and pick-up hockey is also available. The Asheville Civic Center has held recreational ice hockey leagues in the past.
Performing arts[edit]
The Asheville Community Theatre was founded in 1946, producing the first amateur production of the Appalachian drama, Dark of the Moon. Soon after, the young actors Charlton Heston and wife Lydia Clarke would take over the small theatre. The current ACT building has two performance spaces – the Mainstage Auditorium, which seats 399 patrons (and named the Heston Auditorium for its most famous alumni); and the more intimate black box performance space 35below, seating no more than 49 patrons.[citation needed]
The North Carolina Stage Company is the only resident professional theatre in the downtown area.
The Asheville Lyric Opera celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2009 with a concert featuring Angela Brown, David Malis, and Tonio Di Paolo, veterans of the Metropolitan Opera.[66] The ALO has typically performed three fully staged professional operas for the community in addition to its vibrant educational program.
Asheville Vaudeville,[67] Asheville's only monthly vaudeville variety show, performs new material each month from local magicians, jugglers, comedians, musicians, stilt-walkers, knife-throwers and more.[68]
In 2004, the Asheville Arts Center opened. It is a theatre, dance and music studio designed for arts education. The Grand Hall of the Arts Center is a regular venue for local bands as well as the Asheville Movement Collective.
Asheville has been home to many small, experimental theatre companies over the years, such as Consider the Following..., Betterdays Productions, Black Swan Theatre, Dark Horse Theatre and Pleiades Productions.[69]
The Asheville capoeira performance movement was solidified with the arrival of world renowned Mestre Pe de Chumbo to the area in 2006. The capoeira group continues to give performances in the streets, on the stage and during festivals. Due to this group's cumulative efforts in the art of capoeira and in developing community[citation needed] the Asheville Culture Project (ACP) was established in 2010. The ACP is a community arts initiative that offers a space for the integration of cultural performing arts, community and social justice. The cultural center offers the community performances, classes and outreach.
In 2010 the Magnetic Theatre opened in the River Arts District and hosts performances of original works in a variety of genres.[70]
Different Strokes! Performing Arts Collective, founded in 2010, produces and presents theatre that confronts issues of social diversity.[71]
Anam Cara Theatre Company, which opened its doors in West Asheville in February 2011, produces eclectic, avant garde theatre aimed at building community, sparking dialogue, and promoting progressive social change. Recent performances include the recurring Naked Girls Reading series, which seeks to challenge oppressive social norms regarding female nudity and women's bodies, and several works of devised theatre.[72]
Alternative performance thrives with events like the Fringe Festival[73] and Americana Burlesque and Sideshow Festival.[74] Several burlesque and boylesque troupes have had success in town, including Blue Skies Burlesque, Bombs Away Cabaret,[75] Bootstraps Burlesque, The Rebelles and Seduction Sideshow.[76]
Art galleries[edit]
The Flood Fine Arts Center is a non-profit contemporary art institution in the River Arts District.
Places of worship[edit]
Places of worship in Asheville include the Roman Catholic Basilica of St. Lawrence, the Episcopal Cathedral of All Souls and St. Luke's Church, and the Conservative Jewish Beth Israel Synagogue.
Film and television[edit]
Although the area has had a long history with the entertainment industry, recent developments are cementing Asheville as a potential growth area for both film and TV. The Asheville Film Festival has completed its sixth year. However the City of Asheville, which funds the festival, has announced that it will no longer fund the festival. The festival's future is in doubt. The city is also an annual participant in the 48-Hour Film Project.[citation needed] The city's Public-access television cable TV station URTV began broadcasting programs in spring 2006. Films made at least partially in the area include A Breed Apart, Searching for Angela Shelton, Last of the Mohicans, Being There, My Fellow Americans, Loggerheads, The Fugitive, All the Real Girls, Richie Rich, Thunder Road, Hannibal, Songcatcher, Patch Adams, Nell, Forrest Gump, Mr. Destiny, Dirty Dancing, Bull Durham, The Private Eyes, The Swan, The Clearing, House of Poets, The Purple Box, 28 Days and The Hunger Games. Locally produced films include Golden Throats of the 20th century and Anywhere, USA, a winning film at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival.[citation needed]. Asheville also hosts the ActionFest Film Festival, the only festival in the world devoted to action film. The 2010 inaugural edition included Chuck Norris, who was honored as the first ActionFest "man of action."
Asheville is in the "Greenville-Spartanburg-Asheville-Anderson" television DMA and the "Asheville" radio ADI for the city's radio stations.[77]
The primary television station in Asheville is ABC affiliate WLOS-TV Channel 13, with studios in Biltmore Park and a transmitter on Mount Pisgah. Other stations licensed to Asheville include WUNF, PBS station on Channel 33 and The CW affiliate WYCW on Channel 62. Asheville is also served by the Upstate South Carolina stations of WYFF Channel 4 (NBC), WSPA-TV Channel 7 (CBS), WHNS-TV Channel 21 (FOX), MyNetworkTV station WMYA Channel 40 and 3ABN station Channel 41. SCETV PBS affiliates from the Upstate of South Carolina are generally not carried on cable systems in the North Carolina portion of the DMA.
The Asheville Citizen-Times is Asheville's daily newspaper which covers most of Western North Carolina. The Mountain Xpress is the largest weekly in the area, covering arts and politics in the region. The Asheville Daily Planet is a monthly paper.
Friends of Community Radio created Asheville FM, a volunteer-based, grassroots community radio station. The station is licensed under the "Free Form" format. There are also a variety of broadcasts dedicated to Poetry, Interviews, Selected Topics, Children's Radio, and Comedy. The staff have remote broadcast many local concerts including (but not limited too) Monotonix from Israel, JEFF the Brotherhood from Nashville, Screaming Females from New Jersey, and local acts.
Notable people[edit]
- Harry Anderson (born 1952), starred in 9 seasons of NBC's "Night Court."[78]
- John Avery (born 1976), football player in the NFL, XFL, and CFL, attended Asheville High School[79]
- Crezdon Butler (born 1987), National Football League corner back for the Pittsburgh Steelers, born and raised in Asheville, led Asheville High School to 2006 state championship.[80]
- Greg Cartwright (born 1970), rock musician, relocated to Asheville[81]
- Adam "Edge" Copeland (born 1973), retired professional wrestler, author, relocated to Asheville
- Brad Daugherty (born 1965), retired NBA basketball player and current ESPN NASCAR analyst[82]
- Jim Eason (born 1935), Radio talk show host
- Jennifer Pharr Davis (born 1982), long-distance hiker, currently unofficial record holder of shortest thru-hike of Appalachian Trail
- John Ehle (born 1925), author
- Sallie Ford of Sallie Ford and the Sound Outside, singer[83]
- Charles Frazier (born 1950), author, born in Asheville and graduated from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill[84]
- Roberta Flack (born 1937), singer, born in Asheville[85]
- Eileen Fulton (born 1933), actress, born in Asheville, has starred on the CBS soap As the World Turns since 1960[86]
- Gail Godwin (born 1938), novelist, spent her early years in Asheville with her mother Kathleen Krahenbuhl Cole
- Joel Goffin (born 1981), Motion Picture Composer, Music Producer
- Warren Haynes (born 1960), musician, spent his formative years in Asheville[87]
- Darren Holmes (born 1966), MLB player for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Milwaukee Brewers, Colorado Rockies, New York Yankees, Arizona Diamondbacks, St. Louis Cardinals, Baltimore Orioles, and the Atlanta Braves
- David Holt (born 1946), American folk musician, currently residing near Asheville[88]
- Gary Jules (born 1969), American Singer-Songwriter, best known for his rendition of 'Mad World' for the film Donnie Darko.
- Loyd King (born 1949), retired professional basketball player
- Hope Larson (born 1982), Eisner award-winning American illustrator/cartoonist and author of graphic novels Salamander Dream and Chiggers.[89]
- Leonard Little (born 1974), NFL football player with the St. Louis Rams, born and raised in Asheville[90]
- Andie MacDowell (born 1958), actress, lived for several years in Biltmore Forest, adjacent to Asheville[91]
- Cameron Maybin (born 1987), major league baseball player with the San Diego Padres, born and raised in Asheville[92]
- Rashad McCants (born 1984), former NBA basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves and Sacramento Kings and former Erwin High School basketball player[93]
- Sierra McCormick (born 1997) actress[94]
- Bryan Lee O'Malley (born 1976), award-winning Canadian cartoonist and creator of the Scott Pilgrim graphic novel series.[95]
- Buzz Peterson (born 1963), formerly director of player personnel for the Charlotte Bobcats and now men's head basketball coach at UNC Wilmington,[96] born and raised in Asheville[97]
- Robert Pressley (born 1959), retired NASCAR driver, born in Asheville[98]
- Paul Schneider (born 1976), actor
- Angela Shelton (born 1972), actress and producer[99]
- Brett Swain (born 1986), NFL player for the Green Bay Packers
- Roy Williams (born 1950), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill basketball coach, raised in Asheville[100]
- William Winkenwerder, Jr. (born 1954), Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs (2001–2007)[101]
- Donald V. Bennett (1915–2005), former commanding general of the US Army Pacific Command.
- Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910), first recognized woman doctor in the United States
- Joe Bowman (1925–2009), bootmaker and marksman of American West entertainment grew up in Asheville but left for Houston, Texas, in 1937
- William Jennings Bryan (1860–1925), 20th century politician, presidential candidate[102]
- Douglas Ellington (1886–1960), architect, designer of Asheville City Hall, Asheville High School
- Zelda Fitzgerald (1900–1948), wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald, died in a fire with 8 other women at Highland Hospital, an Asheville mental institution in the Montford district.
- Edwin Wiley Grove (1850–1927), patent medicine inventor, builder and owner of the Grove Park Inn
- Rafael Guastavino (1842–1908), architect, final resting place at the Basilica of St. Lawrence, Asheville
- Dorothy Hart (1922–2004), Screen actress, known mostly for her supporting roles.
- William S. Hart (1864–1946), famous cowboy actor in early Hollywood, resided in Asheville around 1900 and coached shows at the Asheville Opera House.[103]
- Shirley Hemphill (1947–1999), stand-up comedian and actress, best known for What's Happening!!, 1976–79
- Charlton Heston (1923–2008), Oscar-winning actor, managed the Asheville Community Theatre with his wife Lydia in 1947
- Hughie Jennings (1869–1968), Major League Baseball player and manager from 1891 to 1925.
- Charlie "Choo Choo" Justice (1924–2003), professional football player
- Bascom Lamar Lunsford (1882–1973), folklorist, musician, folk festival founder
- Bill Monroe (1911–1996), Musician known as "The Father of Bluegrass" lived in Asheville and had a show on a local radio station in 1939.
- Dorothy Montgomery (1924–2009), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
- Robert Moog (1934–2005), pioneer of electronic music, inventor of the Moog synthesizer
- Robert Morgan (1918–2004), pilot of the "Memphis Belle", the famed World War II B-17 bomber
- Doan Ogden (1908–1989), nationally noted landscape architect during the 20th century
- Kenneth Noland (1924–2010), Abstract painter, he was one of the best-known American Color Field painters
- William Sydney Porter "O. Henry" (1862–1910), author, lived for a while in Asheville and is buried in Riverside Cemetery
- Marjorie Rambeau (1889–1970), Hollywood actress, was married to Francis A. Gudger, a resident of Asheville, and resided in Asheville in the winter from 1932 to the mid-1940s.[104]
- Jimmie Rodgers, Singer known as "The Father of Country Music" lived in Asheville and had a show on a local radio station in 1927.[105]
- Nina Simone (1933–2003), Jazz singer, attended Allen Home School for Girls in Asheville[106]
- Kiffin Rockwell (1892–1916), aviator, pilot in the Lafayette Escadrille, first American to shoot down an enemy aircraft
- Root Boy Slim aka Foster Mackenzie III (1945–1993), blues musician
- Don Thompson (1923–2009), Major League Baseball player for the Brooklyn Dodgers
- George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914), entrepreneur, founder of the Biltmore Estate
- Thomas Wolfe (1900–1938), author, born and raised in Asheville, buried in Riverside Cemetery
Asheville in fiction[edit]
- The character Harrison Shepherd, the narrator and protagonist of Barbara Kingsolver's novel The Lacuna lived in Asheville.
- Asheville is featured as a location in the novel One Second After by William R. Forstchen (who lives in the area).
- Asheville is the place Natalie, the heroine in the novel Joshua Spassky by Gwendoline Riley, visits to meet the eponymous hero. She is an admirer of F. Scott Fitzgerald and fascinated by Zelda Fitzgerald who died in a fire at the Highland hospital in Asheville.
- Veronica Corningstone, the new newswoman in the movie Anchorman, is from Asheville.
- Deborah Smith's novel The Crossroads Cafe is set in the mountains above Asheville, and prominent scenes take place in the city. Sequels to that novel also take place in and around Asheville.
Points of interest[edit]
- Moog Music
- BB&T Building, tallest structure in Asheville
- Biltmore Estate
- Blue Ridge Parkway
- Botanical Gardens at Asheville
- Grove Park Inn
- Jackson Building, first skyscraper in western North Carolina
- North Carolina Arboretum
- Smith-McDowell House
- Sliding Rock
- Bent Creek
- Great Smoky Mountains National Park
- McCormick Field
- National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
- Thomas Wolfe House
Sister cities[edit]
Asheville has seven sister cities:[107]
- Karpenisi (Greece)
- Karakol, (Kyrgyzstan)
- San Cristóbal de las Casas (Mexico)
- Saumur (France)
- Valladolid, Yucatán (Mexico)
- Vladikavkaz (Russia)
- Osogbo, (Nigeria)
- ^ "Why Work for BCS?". BCS website. Buncombe County Schools. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
- ^ "2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ a b c "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ a b "Census Bureau Home Page".
- ^ "Original extent of Cherokee claims 1732" (map/.GIF). Collection at the University of Georgia. 26 June 1996. Archived from the original on 26 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ^ The Historic News (1999). "A History of Asheville and Buncombe County" (text/.html). Old Buncombe County Genealogical Society. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ^ "Cherokee History, Part One" (text/.html). Lee Sultzman. 28 February 1996. Archived from the original on July 07 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ^ "Asheville – 0–1800 The Early Settlers" (text/.html). Asheville.be. 2006. Archived from the original on July 21, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ^ Caton, Alex S.; Rebecca Lamb (1999-2004). "The Early Settlement of Buncombe Country and the Drover's Road" (text/.html). Smith-McDowell House Museum. Archived from the original on 20 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ^ "Western North Carolina Heritage: Asheville" (text/.htm). Land of the Sky. 2001-2002. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
- ^ http://www.historync.org/railroad-WNCRR.htm
- ^ The Federal Writers' Project of the Federal Works Agency, Works Projects Administration for the State of North Carolina, "North Carolina: A Guide to the Old North State", The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1939, page 139.
- ^ Thomas Lanier Clingman: Fire Eater from the Carolina Mountains, Thomas E. Jeffrey, page 213
- ^ Appalachian History: Manuscript Resources in Special Collections, Asheville and Spartanburg Railroad Company
- ^ The Federal Writers' Project of the Federal Works Agency, Works Projects Administration for the State of North Carolina, "North Carolina: A Guide to the Old North State", The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1939, pages 69, 139.
- ^ "8 CAROLINA BANKS FAIL AS BOOM ENDS". The New York Times. 21 November 1930. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
- ^ http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/asheville/preservation.htm
- ^ Preservation-Asheville, North Carolina: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary
- ^ Santora, Marc (20 September 2004). "Storm's Devastation Is Revealed, and a Mountain Hamlet Mourns". The New York Times.
- ^ http://www.mountainx.com/news/2007/101007flood
- ^ Ellingwood, Ken (2 June 2003). "The Nation; Fugitive's Capture Heightens Speculation; Locals are touchy about the theory that some sympathetic with his anti-government views helped the suspected bomber elude the law".
- ^ Fletcher, Michael A (3 June 2003). "Rudolph to be tried first in Alabama ; Abortion clinic bomb case said to be strongest". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ CBS News' Eye On America, 1996
- ^ Modern Maturity May–June 2000
- ^ Self, October 2002
- ^ "Best Places to Reinvent Your Life", AARP Magazine, May–June 2003
- ^ Outside Magazine Best Outside Town Archive
- ^ "24 Blue Ridge Mountain Retirement Locations". Retirement Housing Guide. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
- ^ [1]
- ^ AmericanStyle Magazine, Summer 2000-2012
- ^ http://www.ashevillenc.gov/Government/AboutCityGovernment.aspx
- ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members".
- ^ Schrader, Jordan; Neal, Dale (December 8, 2009). "Critics of Cecil Bothwell cite N.C. bar to atheists". Asheville Citizen-Times. Archived from the original on December 10, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
- ^ http://www.citizen-times.com/article/20091208/NEWS01/912080327?nclick_check=1
- ^ http://www.citizen-times.com/article/20091214/NEWS01/312140021/Asheville-councilman-atheism-debate-goes-viral-Cecil-Bothwell-gets-wide-audience
- ^ Asheville City Council results thread "Asheville City Council results thread".
- ^ http://www.ashevillenc.gov/CityCouncil/MeetCityCouncil.aspx
- ^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerDetail.html?ContainerID=12069
- ^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerDetail.html?ContainerID=12068
- ^ http://www.ncleg.net/gascripts/counties/counties.pl?county=Buncombe
- ^ http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2011/10/17/141415067/obama-hearts-north-carolina-but-it-may-have-lost-that-loving-feeling
- ^ Wing, Nicholas (16 April 2010). "Obama Vacation: First Family To Visit Asheville, North Carolina". Huffington Post.
- ^ NOAA records for August – Asheville, NC
- ^ NOAA records for January – Asheville, NC
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Asheville". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
- ^ http://www.ashevilleneighborhoods.info/ Asheville Neighborhoods.info listing of Asheville neighborhoods
- ^ Chase, Nan K. Asheville: A History, (2007): p.39, 61, 93.
- ^ http://www.heritagewnc.org/buildings/s&w_cafeteria.htm WNC Heritage Database
- ^ Putting YMI on the Map: The YMI Cultural Center History Project
- ^ History of the YMI
- ^ METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-08-01.
- ^ MICROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-08-01.
- ^ COMBINED STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENT CORE BASED STATISTICAL AREAS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-08-01.
- ^ "City of Asheville Comprehensive Annual Financial Report" (PDF).
- ^ http://www.evergreenccs.org/
- ^ "I-26 Connector, Asheville, NC". Public Information Website. North Carolina Department of Transportation. undated. Archived from the original on July 06 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-20.
- ^ "Music pumps up economy, enlivens nightlife"; Michael Flynn; Asheville Citizen-Times; August 22, 2003
- ^ Dewan, Shaila (Oct 24, 2010). "36 Hours in Asheville". New York Times. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- ^ "Smashing Pumpkins' return puts Asheville on music map"; Associated Press; June 22, 2007 http://www.ledger-dispatch.com/life/lifeview.asp?c=217801
- ^ Rocking the boat | Mountain Xpress Features | mountainx.com
- ^ a b American Whitewater Journal July/August 2006 (not published on the web yet)
- ^ Asheville Citizen-Times article on Asheville Lyric Opera's Tenth Anniversary. Jan 26, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2009
- ^ [2]
- ^ Vaudeville! Burlesque! Cabaret!
- ^ Williams, Margaret (2001). Act of faith. Mountain Xpress.
- ^ In Asheville, N.C., the River Arts District Blooms. Dec 1, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2011
- ^ Different Strokes! Performing Arts Collective. Retrieved January 26, 2013
- ^ Kiss, Tony. (2011). West Asheville's entertainment district is booming. Asheville Citizen-Times.
- ^ Asheville Fringe Festival. Retrieved January 26, 2013
- ^ Americana Burlesque and Sideshow Festival. Retrieved January 26, 2013
- ^ Bombs Away Cabaret. Retrieved January 26, 2013
- ^ Samuels, Steven. (2010). Vaudeville! Burlesque! Cabaret! Mountain Xpress.
- ^ Market Ranks and Schedule (1–50)
- ^ New York Times – For Harry Anderson, the New Orleans Magic Is Gone; August 30, 2006
- ^ CFL Roster;
- ^ http://www.nfl.com/players/profile?id=BUT133826
- ^ "Despite personal tensions and lineup changes, labelmates Lost Sounds and the Reigning Sound push ahead."; [3]
- ^ "Racer at heart, Daugherty much more than meets eye";
- ^ Ryan White (January 7, 2010). "Sallie Ford and the Sound Outside build some buzz". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
- ^ [4]
- ^ Roberta Flack Biography;
- ^ Eileen Fulton Biography;
- ^ Mule.net Meet the Band;
- ^ David Holt: About David;
- ^ Zack Smith. "Hope Larson on Chiggers and More". Newsarama. Retrieved April 18, 2008.
- ^ Leonard Little
- ^ "The two lives of Andie MacDowell";
- ^ "Keep an Eye on Roberson High School's Cameron Maybin ";
- ^ NBADraft.net – Rashad McCants profile
- ^ SIERRA MCCORMICK "Olive Doyle" Disney Channel Medianet
- ^ Bryan Lee O'Malley|LibraryThing;
- ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/ncb/news/story?id=5102100
- ^ buzzhired
- ^ Robert Pressley
- ^ Angela Shelton (I) – Biography
- ^ asheville.com news: Roy Williams
- ^ http://bulk.resource.org/gpo.gov/record/2001/2001_E02167.pdf Representative Charles H. Taylor – United States Congress – Congressional Record, Thursday, November 29, 2001
- ^ http://www.heritagewnc.org/historic_register_sites/default_national_register.htm National Historic Sites of Asheville, Buncombe County
- ^ [5]
- ^ [6] Asheville Citizen-Times w/ photo
- ^ http://www.jimmierodgers.com/biography.html
- ^ Tolleson, Robin (January 29, 2010). "To Know Nina". Bold Life. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
- ^ "Asheville Sister Cities." Asheville Sister Cities Inc. Retrieved on July 8, 2008.
- "24 Blue Ridge Mountain Retirement Locations". Retirement Housing Guide. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
External links[edit]
- Official Asheville, NC website
- Official Buncombe County, NC website
- Asheville, North Carolina, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
- The Battle of Asheville
- mapAsheville, City of Asheville web-mapping and search tools
- Asheville travel guide from Wikivoyage
- A Weekend in Asheville, N.C. – slideshow by The New York Times
- Mountain Dance & Folk Festival website


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Shopping in East Pensacola Heights
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text:
Swallowing (cont.)Medical Author:
Jay W. Marks, MD
Jay W. Marks, MDJay W. Marks, MD, is a board-certified internist and gastroenterologist. He graduated from Yale University School of Medicine and trained in internal medicine and gastroenterology at UCLA/Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Medical Editor:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MDMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. In this Article
Diseases of the brain
Diseases of the smooth muscle of the esophagus
Patient CommentsViewers share their comments
Dysphagia - Experience
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Welcome to the Division of Public Health Services home page. Our mission within the Arizona Department of Health Services is to protect and improve the public's health through prevention and control of disease and disability.
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Stonehedge Village - Apartment Rentals in Bothell, WA
Stonehedge Village Apartments Description
Stonehedge Village is a getaway from your worries kind of place for you to call home. Here you can reside in a residential area that is only 10 minutes away from downtown Kirkland. 42 acres of open space with seemingly endless views of trees and grass triples the size of most complexes. When you step out onto your balcony you'll be greeted by a view of the beautiful Cascade Mountains, instead of your neighbors. None of the homes look out onto any of the other community members, so you'll be ensured the same kind of privacy that comes with owning your own home. The homes themselves are very spacious as well and all are over 1000 square feet with plenty of space to add your own creative touches to the decor. Put on your chef's hat and experiment in your large and remodeled kitchen. After a big meal you can unwind in your large living room in front of a crackling fireplace into the wee hours of the night. Spend the morning working off your quiet evening with a game of racquetball! With both racquetball and basketball courts, plus a huge gym with cardio and weight machines, you'll be physically fit in no time. If indoor sports don't exactly tickle your fancy, Stonehedge Village is just a few minutes from the renowned St. Edwards Park. This 316 acre park has numerous trails to walk or run on, and 3,000 feet of shoreline to splash around in. The lake caters to water sports such as fishing, boating, swimming, and even water skiing! Our community doesn't lack a water supply though. There is a lake with a fountain and ducks, a new pool area, and two new play areas. We are also within the excellent North Shore school district. This school district has high rankings and the schools are nearby for convenience. You will feel away from it all, but still close enough that it won't take you too long to get there. Find your new home here, at Stonehedge Village.
Pet Policy
Cats and Dogs are allowed. Maximum weight of pet(s): 100. Maximum number of pet(s): 2. Restrictions or other terms: Most dogs accepted..
- Pool
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Stonehedge Village
14610 93rd Blvd NE
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Apartment Rentals Near Bothell, WA
- Shangri-La 2021 201st Pl SE Bothell, WA 98012 Phone Number: (425) 405-6200
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- Bailey Farm 1225 183rd St SE Bothell, WA 98012 Phone Number: (425) 329-4450
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Titanium Power from MSI; the shiniest of the GTX 660s?
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 6, 2012 - 07:01 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: msi, gtx 660 Ti, GK104, factory overclocked, Twin Frozr, 660 Ti Power Edition OC
MSI's GTX 660 Ti Power Edition OC will set you back $300, the same price as most other GTX 660 Ti cards, however that is where the similarity stops. This card sports the famous Twin Frozr IV cooling system, Military Class III components, Triple Overvoltage with Afterburner support and is overclocked above the reference design. If you like the sounds of the card so far does knowing that [H]ard|OCP managed to push the card frequencies farther past the factory overclock than the factory overclock was above the reference design?
"MSI is offering a custom cooled and factory overclocked rendition on the recently released NVIDIA GTX 660 Ti. We examine how well MSI's Twin Frozr IV cooling technology allows us to overclock this new generation video card. We will compare it to a Radeon HD 7950, an overclocked Radeon HD 7870, and a GeForce GTX 670."
Here are some more Graphics Card articles from around the web:
- MSI GTX 670 Power Edition OC Review @ Hardware Canucks
- GTX 660 Ti 5-Way Roundup (ASUS, EVGA, Gigabyte, Galaxy, MSI) @ Hardware Canucks
- GALAXY GTX 660 Ti GC OC vs. OC GTX 670 & HD 7950 @ [H]ard|OCP
- NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 660 2GB @ Tweaktown
- NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 660 2GB @ Tweaktown
- GIGABYTE GTX 680 Super Overclocked Edition @ [H]ard|OCP
- NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Ti at High AA Settings @ [H]ard|OCP
- EVGA GeForce GTX 680 Superclocked Signature 2 @ X-bit Labs
- Matrox DualHead2Go Digital ME and Matrox DualHead2Go Digital SE @ Hardware.info
- Arctic Accelero Hybrid VGA Cooler Review @ Hardware Secrets
- Intel OpenGL Performance: OS X vs. Windows vs. Linux @ Phoronix
- Arctic Accelero Hybrid Graphics Card Cooler @ Bjorn3D
- ntel's HD 4000; Four Months Later @ SemiAccurate
- Desktop Graphics Card Comparison Guide @ TechARP
- AMD's Enduro Switchable Graphics Levels Up @ AnandTech
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7950 3GB Vapor-X OC with Boost @ Tweaktown
- Sapphire HD 7970 Vapor-X GHZ Edition Review @ OCC
- Inno3D GeForce GTX 660 Ti iChill 3GB @ Guru of 3D
- Club 3D HD 7750 Low Profile 1 GB @ techPowerUp
- Sapphire HD7770 Videocard @ Rbmods
- Club 3D Radeon HD 7970 royalAce @ Hardware.Info
- PowerColor Devil 13 HD 7990 Graphics Card Review @ HardwareHeaven
- Powercolor HD 7990 Devil 13 6 GB @ techPowerUp
- apphire Radeon HD 7750 Low Profile Review @ OCC
- HIS Radeon HD 7970 X Turbo edition @ Guru of 3D
- Sapphire HD 7770 GHz FleX Edition Graphics Card Review @ HardwareHeaven
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7750 Low Profile Video Card @ Pro-Clockers
- Sapphire HD 7950 Vapor-X 3 GB @ techPowerUp
The HAWK Returns
The $300 to $400 range of video cards has become quite crowded as of late. If we can remember way back to March when AMD introduced their HD 7800 series of cards, and later that month we saw NVIDIA release their GTX 680 card. Even though NVIDIA held the price/performance crown, AMD continued to offer their products at what many considered to be grossly overpriced considering the competition. Part of this was justified because NVIDIA simply could not meet demand of their latest card, and they were often unavailable for purchase at MSRPs. Eventually AMD started cutting back prices, but this led to another issue. The HD 7950 was approaching the price of the HD 7870 GHz Edition. The difference in prices between these products was around $20, but the 7950 was around 20% faster than the 7870. This made the HD 7870 (and the slightly higher priced overclocked models) a very unattractive option for users.
It seems as though AMD and their partners have finally rectified this situation, and just in time. With NVIDIA finally being able to adequately provide stock for both the GTX 680 and GTX 670, the prices on the upper-midrange cards has taken a nice drop to where we feel they should be. We are now starting to see some very interesting products based on the HD 7850 and HD 7870 cards, one of which we are looking at today.
The MSI R7870 HAWK
The R7870 Hawk utilizes the AMD HD 7870 GPU. This chip has a reference speed of 1 GHz, but with the Hawk it is increased to a full 1100 MHz. The GPU has the entire 20 compute units enabled featuring 1280 stream processors. It has the 256 bit memory bus running 2GB of GDDR-5 memory at 1200 MHz, which gives a total bandwidth of 160 GB/sec. I am somewhat disappointed that MSI did not give the memory speed a boost, but at least the user can enable that for themselves through the Afterburner software.
Continue reading our review of the MSI R7870 HAWK Graphics card!!
What does $399 buy these days?
I think it is pretty safe to say that MSI makes some pretty nice stuff when it comes to video cards. Their previous generation of the HD 6000 and GTX 500 series of cards were quite popular, and we reviewed more than a handful here. That generation of cards really seemed to stake MSI's reputation as one of the top video card vendors in the industry in terms of quality, features, and cooling innovation. Now we are moving onto a new generation of cards from both AMD and NVIDIA, and the challenges of keeping up MSI's reputation seem to have increased.
The competition has become much more aggressive as of late. Asus has some unique solutions, and companies such as XFX have stepped up their designs to challenge the best of the industry. MSI has found themselves to be in a much more crowded space with upgraded cooler designs, robust feature sets, and pricing that reflects the larger selection of products that fit such niches. The question here is if MSI's design methodology for non-reference cards is up to the challenge.
Previously I was able to review the R7970 Lightning from MSI, and it was an impressive card. I had some initial teething problems with that particular model, but a BIOS flash later and some elbow grease allowed it to work as advertised. Today I am looking at the R7950 TwinFrozr3GD5/OC. This card looks to feature a reference PCB combined with a Twin Frozr III cooling solution. I was not entirely sure what to expect with this card, since the Lightning was such a challenge at first.
MSI Shows of Next Generation Twin Frozr IV Cards at Cebit
Subject: Graphics Cards | March 6, 2012 - 08:55 PM | Josh Walrath
Tagged: Twin Frozr, R7970, R7870, msi, Lightning, hd 7950, hd 7850, HD 77750, hd 7770, hawk
The Romanian site Lab 501 was able to snap some shots and get some information about the latest generation of custom built graphics products from MSI. We had actually talked to Alex Chang of MSI about what Twin Frozr IV would bring to the table, but today we actually get to see the (nearly) finished parts.
It looks as if MSI is changing around their color scheme, but the heatsink remains as big as the previous generation's. (image courtesy of Lab 501)
The products shown were of course only the AMD based parts, as the NVIDIA Kepler products are still under wraps (but apparently should see the light of day later this month). MSI is giving the full Twin Frozr IV treatment to every HD 7750 and above part. The HD 7970 is getting the Lightning edition with all the bells and whistles, while the HD 7870 is going under the Hawk brand.
We have few details about what all Twin Frozr IV includes, but it keeps the propeller blades and the anti-dust technology that we first saw in the N580GTX Lightning. From the shots we have, it does not appear that they will be using the temperature sensitive fan units that actually change color when going above 45C.
They were able to take a good shot of the board without the heatsink, and it is just as jam packed as the previous Lightning products. (image courtesy of Lab 501)
The Lightning will feature a total of 4 Display Ports and 2 DVI ports, so it can support up to 6 monitors at once. This appears similar to what Asus did with the EAH6950 and EAH6970 cards that were recently reviewed here. The Hawk will only feature 2 Display Ports, HDMI, and DVI-I. The rest of the lineup looks like reference based cards with custom Twin Frozr IV coolers.
It is good to see MSI continues with the more affordable Hawk brand. (image courtesy of Lab 501)
Of particular interest is the board design of the Lightning card. It is simply jam packed with power regulation components and the new "Twin Form-in-One" bracing system which supports both sides of the PCB with metal plates to minimize warping, improve cooling, and funnel airflow. Looking at the back of the card reveals the plate having a nice sized hole in it which would be perfect for another fan to cool all of the components on the back. More digging has informed us that it is actually a removable "GPU Reactor Core". More details should be available soon.
All New MSI R7800 Twin Frozr Series Runs up to 15˚C Cooler and 9dB Quieter
Subject: General Tech | March 5, 2012 - 05:23 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: msi, hd 7850, hd 7870, Twin Frozr
(Industry, CA) Leading international mainboard and graphics card maker MSI today officially announced the launch of R7870 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC and R7850 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC, two new graphics cards equipped with AMD's latest 28nm HD 7800 GPU. The R7800 series features the exclusive Twin Frozr III cooling design that is equipped with MSI's Propeller Blade technology - patented in several countries – for 20% more cooling than conventional fans. Combined with MSI's SuperPipe technology and large cooling fins, the R7870 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC core temperature is 15°C lower than reference boards and fan noise is reduced by 9dB* in full load. The R7870 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC supports GPU voltage adjustment technology to boost overclocking potential by up to 20%** when used with MSI's exclusive Afterburner overclocking utility. Gamers can now unleash the full potential of their graphics card for gaming and multimedia applications.
Advanced Twin Frozr III Design Runs 15˚C Cooler and 9dB Quieter than Reference Boards
The MSI R7870/R7850 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC features the Twin Frozr III cooling module that has won popular acclaim from media around the world. The proprietary Propeller Blade technology has been patented in multiple countries and features special airflow channels on the edge of the fan blades to increase airflow by 20% compared to conventional designs and reduce noise as well! Under full load, the GPU core of the R7870 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC graphics card is 15˚C lower than the reference design and operating noise is reduced by 9dB to less than 30dB. This combination of outright performance and ultra-quiet operation is proof that MSI products can provide gaming enthusiasts with the coolest and quietest user experience!
MSI's Exclusive Afterburner Core Voltage Adjustment Technology
The R7870 Twin Frozr 2GD5/OC graphics card supports GPU core voltage adjustment technology that can be used with the popular Afterburner overclocking utility to boost overclocking potential by 20%. The ability to push the graphics card to its limits reinforces MSI's excellence in software and hardware customization, making MSI the first choice of overclocking enthusiasts. In addition to overclocking, Afterburner also supports advanced fan speed control, custom overclocking settings, Predator audio/video capture and Kombustor burn-in testing. Most exciting of all is that gamers can download the Afterburner APP for Android or iOS operating systems to perform overclocking, remote monitoring and fan speed control in real-time from their handheld devices.
PCI Express Gen 3 Graphics Card with 28nm GPU
The MSI R7800 family is equipped with AMD's latest 28nm GPU that offers greater performance and processing power than the previous generation, while reducing power consumption. The MSI R7800 series graphics cards support thePCI Express Gen 3 standard, which when combined with a compatible CPU and mainboard, double bandwidth to a staggering 32GB/s for delivering the ultimate in gaming performance.
Supports Next Generation AV Ports and AMD Eyefinity Multi-Display Technology
MSI R7800 graphics cards provide DisplayPort 1.2 and HDMI 1.4a outputs that support 3D video, 7.1 channel lossless TrueHD video and DTS-HD audio, as well as supporting AMD's proprietary Eyefinity multiple display technology. The support for next-generation audio-video standards makes the MSI R7800 family the best choice for professionals and gamers.
MSI's Alex Chang Speaks Up
MSI was founded in 1986 and started producing motherboards and video cards for the quickly growing PC market. Throughout the life of the company they have further diversified their offerings to include barebones systems, notebooks, networking/communication devices, and industrial products. While MSI has a nice base of products, they are still primarily a motherboard and video card company. In the past 10 years MSI has become one of the top brands in North America for video cards, and they have taken a very aggressive approach to design with these products.
I had the chance to send MSI quite a few questions concerning their video card business and how they develop their products.
What is your name, title, and how long have you worked at MSI?
My name is Bob, and I'm…. actually, I'm just Alex Chang. I'm the Associate Marketing Manager. I've been with the company for 2 years.
Typically how long does it take from the original reference design card release to when we can first expect to see a Twin Frozr III based card hit retail? How much longer does it take to create the "Lightning" based products?
Historically, we've seen the introduction of a non-reference thermal solution within 2-4 weeks of product launch. As an example, GTX580 was launched in November 2010, and by December there was already a reference PCB GTX580 w/ the Twin Frozr II cooler.
In the case of Lightning cards, the development timeframe is longer due to more R&D, validation, and procurement of components. With GTX580, the timeframe was around 6 months, but moving forward MSI is pulling in the launch timeframe of our flagship products.


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The apt™ MPZ601 piezo driver module is a dual channel high power (75 V, 500 mA) piezo controller. It has been designed to drive the full range of open and closed loop piezo equipped nano-positioning actuators and stages offered by Thorlabs (see Related Items tab). Equipped with strain gauge feedback circuitry on each channel this unit is able to provide closed loop positioning to the nanometer regime when operated with Thorlabs actuators. In addition flexible software settings make these units highly configurable and therefore suitable for driving a wide range of piezo elements in third party products. A waveform generation capability combined with triggering outputs makes this unit particularly suitable for piezo scanning applications.
This module incorporates the latest high speed digital signal processing (DSP) and low-noise analog electronics technology and has been designed specifically to fit the highly flexible apt™ MMR601 Motion Control 19" Modular Rack System. Multiple MPZ601 piezo modules can be fitted to this rack system (providing up to 12 channels of operation per rack) to support larger scale critical alignment applications where nanometer level motion control is required with a high axis count.
USB connectivity via the MMR601 Rack Enclosure provides easy plug and play PC operation - multiple modules can be connected to a single PC via standard USB hub technology for multi-axis motion control applications. Coupling this with the very user friendly apt™ software allows the user to very quickly get up and running in a short space of time – for example all relevant operating parameters are set automatically for Thorlabs piezo actuator products. Advanced custom motion control applications and sequences are also possible using the extensive ActiveX® programming environment described in more detail on the Software and Video Tutorials tabs.
The MPZ601 piezo driver module is a member of the growing apt™ family of rack, bench top and optical table top motion controllers. It has been designed for use in critical multi-axis alignment applications where manual or automated nanometer level motion control is required. With dual outputs, each drive channel is capable of delivering up to 75V/500 mA and is compatible with all piezo-actuated nanopositioning actuators & stages in the Thorlabs range. The MPZ601 combines the latest high speed digital signal processors (DSP) with low-noise analog electronics and ActiveX® software technology for effortless software controlled piezo motion.
To support such a wide range piezo actuators the apt™ piezo driver module is fully configurable (parameterized) with key settings exposed through software. Intuitive easy to use software graphical panels allows immediate control and visualization of the operation of the piezo controller - adjustment of many key parameters is possible through direct interaction with the graphical panel. Open or closed loop operating modes can be selected on the fly, and in both modes the display can be changed to show drive voltage or position (in microns). In the closed loop operation mode, both the P & I (proportional and integral) components of the feedback control loop can be altered to adjust the servo loop response. The output drive voltage or position can be adjusted by rotating the software-panel control knob.
Note that all such settings and parameters are also accessible through the ActiveX programmable interfaces which allow the user to build automated alignment routines. Refer to the Software tab for further information on the apt™ software support for the MPZ601.
Over and above open and closed loop piezo positioning the DSP controller within the MPZ601 module offers additional and useful functionality. Through software interfaces it is possible to program in a voltage (or position) ramp or waveform as a table of values and then instruct the controller to output (clock out) this table either 'single shot' or continuously. It is possible to specify a hardware output trigger to be generated at a specific point during the waveform output in order to control third party equipment as a function of the piezo voltage (position). Alternatively an external system can trigger the piezo unit to initiate the waveform output in the reverse scenario. This functionality is particularly useful for piezo scanning applications.
A full and sophisticated software support suite is supplied with the MPZ601 piezo drive module. It comprises a number of out of the box user utilities to allow immediate operation of the unit without any detailed pre-configuration. All operating modes can be accessed manually and all operating parameters changed and saved for next time use. For more advanced custom motion control applications a fully featured ActiveX® programming environment is also included to facilitate custom application development in a wide range of programming environments. Note that all such settings and parameters described above are also accessible through these ActiveX® programmable interfaces. For further information on the apt™ software support refer to the Software tab. Demonstration videos illustrating how to program the apt™ software are also available for viewing from the Video Tutorial tab.
The ActiveX® apt™ system software shipped with this module is also compatible with other apt™ family controllers including our bench top and smaller optical table mountable T-Cube controllers. This single unified software offering allows seamless mixing of any apt™ benchtop, table top and rack based units in any single positioning application.
The key innovation of the apt™ range of controllers and associated mechanical products is the ease and speed with which complete automated alignment/positioning systems can be engineered at both the hardware and software level. All controllers in the apt™ range are equipped with USB connectivity. The multi-drop USB bus allows multiple apt™ units to be connected to a single controller PC using commercial USB hubs and cables. When planning a multi-channel application, simply add up the number and type of drive channels required and connect together the associated number of APT controllers.
Click below to download a PDF explaining the benefits and features to system integrators of using the apt™ modular rack system in multi-axis motion control applications.
Differential Inputs. The output from the HV amplifier circuit can be set to be controlled, in part, by the differential signal on these two inputs. If the Input Source is set to include a BNC option, the unit sums this differential signal with any other input sources selected (voltage set using the GUI panel 'Output' control and voltage from an external potentiometer).
0 to 75 V, 0 to 250 mA. Provides the drive signal to the piezo actuator.
The APT (Advanced Positioning Technology) family covers a wide range of motion controller products ranging from small low powered single channel optomechanical motor drivers (the 'Cube' drivers) to high power multi-channel modular 19" rack nanopositioning systems (the APT Rack System).
All controllers in the APT family share a common software platform, the APT System Software. The software CD supplied with all controllers contains an installation of this system software, together with a wealth of support information in the form of handbooks, help files, tutorial videos, FAQs and other relevant information on using and programming these Thorlabs products.
By providing this common software platform, Thorlabs has ensured that users can easily mix and match any of the APT controllers in a single application while only having to learn one single set of software tools. In this way it is perfectly feasible to combine any of the controllers from the low powered single axis to the high powered multi-axis systems and control all from a single PC based unified software interface.
The APT System Software allows two methods of usage - graphical user interface utilities (supplied) for direct interaction and control of the controllers out of the box, and a set of programming interfaces that allow custom integrated positioning and alignment solutions to be easily progammed in the development language of choice.
Detailed information on both usage modes is provided on the CD.
Also of particular interest is the inclusion on the software CD of a range of software video tutorials (see the Video Tutorials tab). These videos illustrate some of the basics of using the APT System Software from both a non-programming and a programming point of view. There are videos that illustrate usage of the supplied APT utilities that allow immediate control of the APT controllers out of the box. There are also a number of videos that explain the basics of programming custom software applications using Visual Basic, LabView and Visual C++.
Click here to go direct to the Thorlabs Download Area to access the full APT software CD. Experiment with the software using the simulator mode - refer to the Tutorial Videos for the APTConfig utility to learn how to select simulator mode.
These videos illustrate some of the basics of using the APT System Software from both a non-programming and a programming point of view. There are videos that illustrate usage of the supplied APT utilities that allow immediate control of the APT controllers out of the box. There are also a number of videos that explain the basics of programming custom software applications using Visual Basic, LabView and Visual C++. Watch the videos now to see what we mean.
To further assist programmers, a guide to programming the APT software in LabView is also available.
Knowing the rate at which a piezo is capable of changing lengths is essential in many high-speed applications. The bandwidth of a piezo controller and stack can be estimated if the following is known:
To drive the output capacitor, current is needed to charge it and to discharge it. The change in charge, dV/dt, is called the slew rate. The larger the capacitance, the more current that is needed.
So for example, for a 100 µm stack, having a capacitance of 20 µF, being driven by a BPC Series piezo controller with a maximum current of 0.5 A, the slew rate is given by
Hence, for an instantaneous voltage change from 0 V to 75 V, it would take 3 ms for the output voltage to reach 75 V.
Note: For these calculations, it is assumed that the absolute maximum bandwidth of the driver is much higher than the bandwidths calculated, and thus, driver bandwidth is not a limiting factor. Also please note that these calculations only apply for open-loop systems. In closed-loop mode, the slow response of the feedback loop puts another limit on the bandwidth.
The bandwidth of the system usually refers to the system's response to a sinusoidal signal of a given amplitude. For a piezo element driven by a sinusoidal signal of peak amplitude A, peak-to-peak voltage Vpp, and frequency f, we have:
A diagram of voltage as a function of time is shown to the right. The maximum slew rate, or voltage change, is reached at t = 2nπ, (n=0, 1, 2,...) at point a in the diagram to the right:
From the first equation, above:
For the example above, the maximum full-range (75 V) bandwidth would be:
For a smaller piezo stack with 10 times lower capacitance, the results would be 10 times better, or about 1060 Hz. Or, if the peak-to-peak signal is reduced to 7.5 V (10% max amplitude) with the 100 µm stack, again, the result would be 10 times better at about 1060 Hz.
For a piezo actuator driven by a triangle wave of max voltage Vpeak and minimum voltage of 0, the slew rate is equal to the slope, or:
or, since f = 1/T:
For a piezo actuator driven by a square wave of max voltage Vpeak and minimum voltage of 0, the slew rate limits the minimum rise and fall time. In this case, the slew rate is equal to the slope while the signal is rising or falling. If tr is the minimum rise time, then:


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Merrell Footwear for men consists of Walking Boots, Hiking Shoes, Sandals and the new revolutionary Merrell Barefoot Range. All Merrell Footwear is designed to aid you in your adventure far & wide in a huge range of weather & terrain.
Ladies Merrell Shoes, Boots and Sandals are all specifically engineered to fit women perfectly and accommodate the natural contours of your feet giving a comfortable ride no matter if you're at the beach or navigating a mountain path.
Why buy from Webtogs?
Featured Video
Merrell Men's Barefoot Run Trail Glove Shoes
The Merrell Men's Trail Glove Shoes are part of the Merrell Barefoot Running Shoe range and what they've done is design an extremely light shoe that gives you the benefit of running with shoes on but with the feeling of being barefooted.
The Men's Trail Gloves have a vibram sole to protect your feet from any objects that may cause harm like roots, rocks and harsh terrain. The Trail Gloves also have an ultra-light upper with a synthetic leather foot sling for stability and glove like fit.
Featured Product
Merrell Women's Barefoot Pace Glove Shoes
The Merrell Women's Barefoot Pace Glove Shoes are an all new part of the Merrell Barefoot Shoe Series and what Merrell have done is create shoes which give you the feeling of running barefoot, because that's the best way to run.
The Ladies Pace Gloves have a vibram sole to protect your feet from rocks and sharp objects while you are exploring. The upper is a synthetic leather foot sling to give a great, glove-like, fit and perfect stability.
The Ladies Pace Gloves have a vibram sole to protect your feet from rocks and sharp objects while you are exploring. The upper is a synthetic leather foot sling to give a great, glove-like, fit and perfect stability.
Merrell Latest Reviews
Merrell Men's Moab Mid Gore-Tex XCR Hiking Boots
They seem good but couldn't wear them and had to be returned. :-( Read More »
Jason - 3rd May, 2013
Sizing - frustrating!
These looked a great deal and was very excited about getting them. I should have listened to some other reviewers - I am size 12 and these felt like a size 11.They seem good but couldn't wear them and had to be returned. :-( Read More »
Jason - 3rd May, 2013
Merrell Men's Moab Mid Gore-Tex XCR Hiking Boots
Lundyshopkeeper - 21st February, 2013
Advice on Size!
I read Swampy's review about buying a large size than you think you need - totally ignored what he said & promptly bought what I usually would - WRONG! If you're new to Merrell's & have feet that are anything wider than narrow, believe Swampy, and now me ..... Read More »Lundyshopkeeper - 21st February, 2013
Merrell Women's Siena Sandals
Kate,47 - 12th July, 2012
Great Buy
I bought these in Persian Red after reading the reviews on them and am so glad I did. I got them for site seeing in New York and, although it is a few weeks till we go, I have been wearing them out and about and they are so comfortable. They also look good - prettier than most walking sandals... Read More »Kate,47 - 12th July, 2012
Merrell like most shoe brands want to get more people to wear their shoes, boot and sandals. Merrell do this by encouraging people to go outside and have fun, the Merrell way of thinking and their mission statement is to increase participation in the outdoors, focusing mainly on children so that later in life there is that want and nostalgia in getting out into the wilderness. Everybody loves to be outside when the weather is great and there are a few people that still love it when the weather is bad also. Merrell want to reach out to everyone and make life more fun and enjoyable, starting from the feet up.
Merrell Technologies
Below are just a few of the Merrell technologies that they use and Merrell are constantly updating and innovation new and improved ways of keeping your feet well looked after.
Q - FormThe Merrell Q-form technology is a women's specific midsole used in most women's Merrell shoes. Q-form helps to realign the way in which ladies walk as it tends to roll from out to in, therefore the midsole has an air cushion which helps to guide your feet back to neutral and add to the all day comfort of the shoes or boots. |
Ortholite AnatomicalThis is they way in which Merrell footwear is constructed. It is made so that each shoe or boot can mould to the natural curves and contours of your feet so making the footwear very comfortable on long and short trips. |
AegisAegis is a treatment that Merrell use to keep microbes and bacteria to a controllable level in your shoes, boots and sandals. Merrell use Aegis because it's 100% free from environmentally harmful substances and so keeping in line with the Merrell way of life. |
OptiwarmOptiwarm is Merrells own synthetic insulating material used in their Winter boots. It's strategically placed in areas where the cold can effect you the most such as your toes, ankles and around the entrance to the boots or shoes. |
All products by Merrell, click to view...
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Amy Elizabeth Smith of Rockingham and Joshua Lee Horton of McColl, S.C., were united in marriage on July 21, 2012. Pastor Gene Alexander officiated the ceremony at the Wallace Lodge in Laurinburg.
The bride is a graduate of Jesus Is Lord Christian School and received a Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education. She is employed with Richmond County Schools at Fairview Heights. Amy is the daughter of Larry and Robyn Smith of Rockingham.
The groom is a graduate of Marlboro County High School and later received an Associate's Degree in Computer Networking from Florence Darlington Technical College. He is employed with Time Warner Cable in Rockingham. He is the son of Carla Horton of McColl, S.C., and Jimmy Horton of Florence, S.C.
During the ceremony, the bride was given in marriage by her father, Larry Smith.
She chose Erica Radford of Fraklin Springs, Ga., as her Maid of Honor and Ashley Smith of Rockingham as the Matron of Honor. Other bridesmaids included Niki Propst of Kodak, Tenn., Angela Bowman of Rockingham and Calli Goodwin of Cheraw, S.C.
Gracie Smith and Carlie Knight, both of Rockingham, served as flower girls while Eli Thompson and Lukas Horton, both of Rockingham, were the ring bearers.
The groom chose Garrett Daniel of Raleigh as his best man. Other groomsmen were Adam Smith of Rockingham, Brian Thompson of Rockingham, Brian Horton of Rockingham and Robin Hurley of Bennettsville, S.C.
A reception followed the ceremony at the Wallace Lodge.
The couple traveled to Montego Bay, Jamaica, for a wedding trip, and currently reside in Rockingham.


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TheBean wrote:Are you maybe moving out of tga mel?
legz wrote:Hey Sarah, could you maybe make up a little book or even a poster showing all the types of materials you stock? I thought that might look good...
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published 03/21/13
published 05/02/13
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