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I am naturally drawn to teams that work at an insane pace. The momentum, and persistent drive to increase that momentum, generates amazing results. And it's crazy fun.
In such environments, however, I've found one thing to be a constant struggle for everybody on the team -- leaders, managers, and individual doers alike: remembering to take the necessary time to do the right thing. This sounds obvious, but it's very easy to lose sight of this important principle when deadlines loom, customers and managers and shareholders demand, and the overall team is running ahead at a breakneak pace.
A nice phrase I learned from a past manager of mine was, "sometimes you need to slow down to speed up."
By taking shortcuts today, though attractive in that they help meet that next closest deadline, you almost always pay for them down the road. You might subsequently become quagmired in bugs because quality was comprimised from the outset. You may create a platform that others build upon, only to realize later that the architecture is wrong in need of revamping, incurring a ripple effect on an entire software stack. You may realize that your whole system performs poorly under load, such that just when your startup was beginning to skyrocket to success, users instead flee due to the poor experience. The manifestation differs, but the root cause is the same.
The level of quality you need for a project is very specific to your technology and business. I'll admit that working on systems software demands different quality standards than web software, for example. And the quality demands change as a project matures, when the focus shifts from writing reams of new code to modifying existing code... although the early phases are in fact the most challenging: this is when the most critical cultural traits are not yet set but are developing, when things have the highest risk of getting set off in the wrong direction, and is when you are most likely to scrimp on quality due to the need to make rapid progress on a broad set of problems all at once.
So how do you ensure people end up doing the right thing? Well, I'd be lying if I didn't say it is a real challenge.
As a leader, it is important to create a culture where individuals get rewarded for doing the right thing. Nothing beats having a team full of folks that "self-police" themselves using a shared set of demanding principles.
To achieve this, leaders needs to be consistent, demanding, and hyper-aware of what's going on around them. You need to be able to recognize quality versus junk, so that you can reward the right people. You need to set up a culture where critical feedback when shortcuts are being taken is "okay" and "expected." I've made my beliefs pretty evident in prior articles, however I simply don't believe you can do this right in the early days without being highly technical yourself. As a team grows, your attention to technical detail may get stretched thin, in which case you need to scale by adding new technical leaders that share, recognize, and maintain or advance these cultural traits.
You also can't punish people for getting less done than they could have if they took those shortcuts. Many cultures reward those who hammer out large quantities of poorly written code. You get what you reward.
In fact, you must do the opposite, by making an example out of the people who check in crappy code.
Facebook has this slogan "move fast and break things." It may seem that what I'm saying above is at odds with that famous slogan. Indeed they are somewhat contradictory, however paradoxically they are also highly complementary. Although you need to slow down to do the right thing, you do also need to keep moving fast. If that seems impossible, it's not; but it sure is difficult to find the right balance.
I have a belief that I'm almost embarassed to admit: I believe that most people are incredibly lazy. I think most quality comprimise stems from an inherent laziness that leads to details being glossed over, even if they are consciously recognized as needing attention. The best developers maintain this almost supernatural drive that comes from somewhere deep within, and they use this drive to stave off the laziness. If you're moving fast and writing a lot of code, strive to utilize every ounce of intellectual horsepower you can muster -- sustained, for the entire time you are writing code. Even if that's for 16 hours straight. If at any moment a thought occurs that might save you time down the road, stop, ponder it, course correct on the fly. This is a way of "slowing down to speed up" but in a way where you can still be moving fast. Many lazier people let these fleeting thoughts go without exploring them fully. They will consciously do the wrong thing because doing the right thing takes more time.
I've developed odd habits over the years. As a compile runs, I literally pore over every modified line of code, wondering if there's a better way to do it. If I see something, I push it on the stack and make sure to come back to it. By the time I've actually commited some new code -- regardless of whether it's 10,000 lines of freshly written code, or a 10 line modification to some existing stuff -- chances are that I've read each line of code at least three times. I disallow any detail I see to slip through the cracks. And my mind obsesses over all aspects of my work, even during "off times" (e.g., eating dinner, walking down the hallway, etc). Each of these opportunities represents a chance to slow down, reflect, and course correct.
Do I still miss thing? Sure I do. But that's why it's so critical to have a team around you who shares the same principles and will help to identify any shortcomings that I've missed.
Another practice I encourage on my team is fixing broken windows. I'm sure folks are aware of the so-called broken windows theory, where neighborhoods in which broken windows are tolerated tend to accumulate more and more broken windows with time. It happens in code, too. If people are discouraged from stopping to fix the broken windows, you will end up with lots of them. And guess what, each broken window actually slows you down. As more and more accumulate, it can become a real chore to get anything meaningful done. I guarantee you will not be able to move very fast if too many broken windows pile up and start needing attention. Slowing down to fix them incrementally, as soon as they are noticed, speeds you up down the road.
Building a quality-focused team isn't easy. But creating a culture that slows down to do the right thing, while simultaneously moving fast, provides an enormous competetive advantage. It's not as common as you might think.
I mentioned a few months back that my team had collaborated with MSR to publish a paper to OOPSLA about some novel aspects of our programming language (see here and here).
I was excited when Jonathan over at InfoQ asked to interview me about this work. We had a fun back and forth, and I hope the result helps to clarify some of the design goals and decisions we made along the way.
You can check it out here: Uniqueness and Reference Immutability for Safe Parallelism.
It's really hard to build a great team. It can take years of hard work and an enormous amount of patience.
The reality is that there's only a finite (read: small) number of truly amazing software developers in the world, especially compared to the opportunities and exciting projects available to them.
And yet, great teams are fueled first and foremost by great people. I often liken this to the aphorism "a rising tide lifts all boats."
The original meaning of the phrase of course had nothing to do with software. It was the notion that focusing on growth of the overall economy's GDP will necessarily have a positive impact on the incomes of individuals within that economy. Now, of course, it's not always true, and I'm no theoretical economist, however the basic idea in spirit is an intuitively interesting one.
Applying this thinking to teams, it implies you should always strive to hire better and better people. That by doing so, the overall quality of the team will rise. Hiring better and better people has a nonlinear impact to the culture, because a team is not just a disjoint set of nodes, but is instead a fully connected graph of individuals who have conversations and collaborate together. A greater overall quality of the team means richer connections and more powerful, higher quality innovation and software. It means your chance of truly changing the world has grown nonlinearly as well.
I strive to only hire people who are better than me, and better than people already on the team, in some interesting dimension. As soon as you let your high standards drop even an ounce, the average drops and there is a cumulative snowballing effect. The connections grow weaker, and a nonlinear drop in quality and innovation will occur. This is my nightmare scenario because it can go downhill very quickly.
This applies to an entire company as well as individual teams. Including what can happen should the tides lower. The brain drain begins as a slow drip, and can quickly turn into a torrential downpour in an instant. It often starts from the top, because culture and hiring start from the top.
Now, I will be the first to admit that raising the tide is hard. Damn hard, in fact. I have another phrase which is "always be on." That incredible engineer you worked with ten years ago just might be the piece missing in the puzzle today, and a good way to lift the boats. Opportunities come and go when you least suspect them, and you want those people to want to join your team. I have several individuals that literally took years of effort to recruit. And the wait was well worth it. This advice applies to individual contributers as much as it does to managers. You never know if in a few years, you'll be leading a team, kicking off your own startup, or even just helping to make your own team a better place.
And as a leader you owe all of this to your existing team. By lifting the boats, your entire team benefits. They grow, learn new things, and reach new heights in their own careers.
Despite being hard work, this all pays off the end. There is very little I find more satisfying in life than building and growing a great team, seeing the year over year improvements, and creating amazing things together. Perhaps even more than coding. (gasp)
The very notion of "authority" is 90% in your head. And it's one that often holds back otherwise very capable people.
This is yet another one that I got entirely wrong early in my own career.
When starting a new job, it's natural to be in what I call "understanding and assessment" mode. In fact, coming into a new job and telling everybody how they are doing things wrong is a recipe to not only get you off on the wrong foot, but also permanently poison your relationship with what would have been very important allies down the road. However, it's critical to turn the corner at some point before it's too late. The more experience you have, the less time it should take.
When I first came to Microsoft, I was suddenly surrounded by lots of smart people with momentum and energy on whatever it was that they were building. This led me to initially assume that these people knew what was going on. It led me to assume that, simply because some guy has the title of "Corporate Vice President" or "Distinguished Engineer", they knew what was going on. In fact, in my first day on the job -- and I will never forget this -- I was in a design meeting where I had the "audacity" to tell another DE (Microsoft's highest ranking technical position at the time) that I disagreed with what he was saying. I was polite about it, and to this day think I was right. However, I was pulled aside afterwards and told how stupid a move that was. And what's worse, I actually listened for my first two years and went out of my way not to rock the boat too much. This was against my better judgment. I was still young, and had come from another job where I was confident and could safely question anything; but I made the silly mistake of thinking "well, maybe things are different around here." I still wish I could get those two years back.
Allow me to let you in on a little secret. (Well, okay, it's not really a secret, but if only I could go back and tell my younger self this. And I suppose it ought to be obvious.) These people don't always know what is going on. It's probably safe to assume that these people have been rewarded in their careers because, statistically speaking, they are right more often than they are wrong. But it's still just statistics. And truthfully, if they are any good, they will like being questioned. They enjoy the technical debate. This is a critical aspect of a great team.
In fact, if they don't enjoy the debate, you are likely in the wrong place. The person who told me I was being stupid was actually right. The organization I had joined punished, rather than rewarded, people who questioned people in positions of authority. As soon as I realized this, I got out. It's a very personal preference, I suppose, but I personally prefer organizations that reward and promote people based on ability and direct impact. Sadly, in organizations where authority prevails, advancement is almost always based on who-likes-who, ass-kissing, and time-in-position. For folks looking for cozy jobs with guaranteed income, perhaps this is ideal; but you're quite unlikely to grow rapidly, build amazing things, and change the world in such places.
The employees I love the most are those that ask tons of questions and aren't afraid to tell me when I'm wrong. These people are inquisitive about everything, whether the topic is highly technical or pure business. By questioning my own views, and forcing me to articulate them, there is an overall strengthening of the culture. Not only do I benefit as a leader by having to methodically think through and defend my approach to problem solving, however those around me also benefit because (a) often they end up influencing the organization in big ways, and (b) even if my original stance survives, they understand the rationale behind certain decisions and can grow as a result. And it's fun! -- albeit passionately heated at times.
In fact, it's painful for me to see the opposite. An employee who has been trained to blindly respect authority. I was an admittedly rebellious youngster, so I've always known that this trait is simply not in my nature. I often reflect on how lucky I am to have landed in software rather than the military. Even when making those mistakes early in my career, I knew in my heart that they were mistakes at the time. But I do know that some people feel comfortable with a hierarchy of authority. They like the structure, and questioning it simply isn't an option. Sadly, some such people are beyond repair.
These days, I have to say that kids who grew up programming in their teens are the most fearless and rebellious. I have a dirty admission: I love hiring and mentoring and growing these individuals the most, because they have yet to be "trained" to respect authority. Once a vulnerable person early in their career has been brainwashed, it is an incredibly difficult thing to reverse. And so, as their career progresses, the longer these habits sit unaddressed, the less salvageable they become. Thankfully I caught it early on. I've managed plenty of folks who didn't.
Now, you can't be an asshole about it. And you can't be arrogant. Software is all about people and collaboration, and all of this questioning must be done with a single goal in mind: to make the software, the organization, and/or its people better. Authority is there for a reason, which is that ultimately someone needs to run the business, make decisions, and have their butt on the line. Sometimes the simple reality is that a leader's intuition is extremely good, and though data may be lacking to support the decision, you can trust it. It's okay to agree to disagree, or sometimes admit that someone simply has a stronger background than you in a particular area and so maybe you aren't in a position to fully understand why a certain decision was made. I have always tried to turn such occasions into learning opportunities. Jot down a few notes, and go read about it afterwards. I always jot down and research any term I hear that I'm not totally on top of, technical or business. It happens all the time.
In your next job interview, go out of your way to question a thing or two. If the person on the other end acts offended, either you asked in the wrong way (remember: respectful but inquisitive), or you shouldn't take the job. If it's a startup, read the business plan ahead of time and come prepared with some hard questions. If it's a corporation, ask what is rewarded, find holes in the technical architecture, question areas of the engineering process that could be improved. I really do think this is one of the most important cultural traits of a well-run team. And I guarantee you'll have way more fun on such a team, perhaps the most important cultural trait of all.
I sincerely apologize that comments are disabled on my blog right now.
I dislike one way conversations.
However, it turns out that spammers have caught up to the technology my blog used circa 2010 to filter out nasty and wretched comments. I simply can't keep up with deleting them by hand any longer.
I am, of course, always interested in your emails and feedback. Please feel free to shoot me a note at joedu AT microsoft DOT com if you are so inclined. I promise to read and respond.
And I sincerely hope that within the next month I'll manage to upgrade my blog software. It seems like a daunting task for some reason, even though it is trivial in nature.
The best people in software have an innate ability to communicate using code. They have an idea and simply code it up, thereby making it reality. In fact, the best people are, I would say, obsessed with code.
Pick somebody in software that has done great things. Bill Gates comes to mind for me, because that's who inspired me to get started in software. He wrote code for as long as he could manage, and famously delivered code reviews even as his company grew to 1,000s of engineers. No matter who you pick, I am sure one thing rings true: they obsessed over the details. And when it comes to software, those details are in the code.
Those who cannot read and write code must spend all of their time convincing other people of their ideas, and are usually sufficiently disconnected from reality (i.e., the code) that their ideas do not work in practice. This is an awful situation to be in, particularly at a company whose primary asset is code. Worse, most people voluntarily place themselves into this category, particularly over time in their careers, because they believe that coding is "not one of their job responsibilities." What rubbish!
I have three particular pet peeve examples to give.
The first is what I like to call the "mediocre mid-level manager syndrome." I'll admit that when you manage large enough teams, you have to give up on a bit of coding. I will personally never give it up entirely, even as I manage teams of 1,000s of engineers. I will always use the product my team is building, I will read the checkins to at least understand what's going on and stay grounded, and, assuming I continue to manage groups building development platforms, I will write code using that platform. But for managers who assume responsibility for 10 or fewer engineers, there is absolutely no excuse for slacking in these areas. It's just pure laziness, and the teams suffer enormously: such teams typically lack "adult supervision" in the area of engineering culture, lack a role model, and build wrong and crappy things. In short, such managers literally add negative value. I can't tell you how many "Software Development Leads" at large corporations fall into this category. That this is often culturally accepted is totally broken; needless to say, it is not acceptable on my teams.
The second is something I call "code is beneath me." The two most prominent examples are folks late in their careers and researchers. The former often goes hand in hand with the mid-level manager problem. But I've seen it afflict software engineers too: "I've been a professional developer for 10 years, so my job is now to tell others what to do rather than doing anything myself." At this point, they might adopt the title Architect. The research issue, however, quite frankly perplexes me. Computer Science is an odd mixture of pure math and applied engineering. I get that many CS researchers are more math-oriented, and wish to basically do mathematics rather than software. I also get that much of this research bears fruit. But in my experience there is a very large contingency of researchers that do not produce "first rate mathematics," and yet resist becoming grounded in code. The idea that you can improve the state of software, whose bloodline is code, without ever writing a line of it or becoming proficient in it, is complete insanity. And yet it's generally accepted.
The last example, which is close to home since I made this mistake myself for a couple years early in my career, is "I manage things, I don't build them." The title of Program Manager is a specific manifestation of this problem. Most have backgrounds in CS, and have probably written a little code. But most PMs are also usually not very good at it, don't love it, and probably haven't written much since leaving school. And yet these people are often "in charge" of making decisions about features, prioritization, and competitive offerings. It's true that some people have great intuition and can make some good decisions without knowing how things work. But when it comes to software, those abilities need to be grounded by the code. If that's not interesting to them, I always encourage considering positions in sales and marketing, HR, or one of the other organizations in such companies that isn't focused on actually building the software. I would literally abolish the PM position at my company if I could. Those who love code should become developers.
I have the utmost respect for people who have fallen into any of these traps, but then realizes it and gets out. Hey, I did so myself.
Even those that write code often don't do it enough. I've seen so many fall into the trap of debating whether or not something would work, or how elegant it would be. Certain people are afraid of failure, or find it difficult to get motivated to "start" coding. The best people, however, realize that questions are easily answered by writing the code in prototype form. They go from 0-60 in an instant, having a vision of what they would like to build, and letting nothing get in the way. I call this "oozing code from your fingertips." I do think some of this is a skillset thing. In software, the top 20% are easily 50X more productive than the bottom 20%. But I also think these traits can be learned, given role models who exhibit and demonstrate the behavior.
Finally, I do encourage software leaders to read as much code as they can. Reading code is a great way to learn how things work, and to stay on top of what's actually happening in your project. And it keeps your mind fresh, and often leads to new ideas.
If it isn't obvious, I might have a slightly atypical bias here. But it's one of the things I am most passionate about with respect to running software teams. Code speaks. Love the code.
I've been managing software teams for several years. Perhaps more importantly, I have worked for some excellent leaders and have had the opportunity to learn from their good (and bad) habits.
Because I haven't written a line of .NET code in a few years now, that blogging well has kind of run dry. And sadly my team is not yet ready to openly share our platform externally, so I cannot blog about that either.
As a result, I thought it would be fun to start a series about leadership in software. Not just the kind of leadership expected of managers, but also individual developers and architects. I have no idea how frequently I'll write something, however just having a continuum of content to contribute to when I have a spare moment will help liven this place back up again, I'm sure. Furthermore, one lesson that's been imparted upon me over the years is that "writing is thinking"; so by writing this stuff down, I'm sure it will crystalize even further.
The series will be called "Software Leadership" because, after all, it's about the software. I hope you enjoy.
I mentioned recently that a paper from my team appeared at OOPSLA in October:
Uniqueness and Reference Immutability for Safe Parallelism (ACM, MSR Tech Report [PDF])
It's refreshing that we were able to release it. Our project only occasionally gets a public shout-out, usually when something leaks by accident. But this time it was intentional.
I began the language work described about 5 years ago, and it's taken several turns of the crank to get to a good point. (Hint: several more than even what you see in the paper.) Given the novel proof work in collaboration with our intern, folks in MSR, and a visiting professor expert in the area, however, it seemed like a good checkpoint that would be sufficiently interesting to release to the public. Perhaps some day Microsoft's development community will get to try it out in earnest.
There seems to have been some confusion over the goals of this work. I wanted to take a moment to clear the air.
First, despite assertions elsewhere, the primary focus of this work was not "implicit parallelism." Instead, I would summarize our goals as:
The language features in the paper are a vast subset of the full suite needed to achieve our overall project goals. However, these alone have exceeded our original expectations.
I've programmed a great deal in functional languages. I'm a long-time lover of LISP and ML, and my closest friends know about my hard-core dedication to Haskell (expressed in an admittedly odd manner). In fact, Haskell's elegant marriage of pure functional programming with monads, notably the state monad, was a major inspiration for the design of the type system. There are of course many other influences, such as regions, linear types, affine types, etc.; however, I'd say Haskell was the strongest.
In some sense, we have simply taken the reverse angle of Haskell with its monads: what would it be like to embed pure functional programming within an otherwise imperative language?
This first goal is proving to be my fondest aspect of the language. The ability to have "pockets of imperative mutability," familiar to programmers with C, C++, C#, and Java backgrounds, connected by a "functional tissue," is not only clarifying, but works quite well in practice for building large and complex concurrent systems. It turns out many systems follow this model. Concurrent Haskell shares this high-level architecture, as does Erlang. Well-written C# systems do the same, though the language doesn't (yet) help you to get it right.
Of course, as called out by the second goal, immutability and controlled side-effects are tremendously useful features on their own. Novel optimizations abound.
And it helps programmers declare and verify their intent. As mentioned in the paper, we have found/prevented many significant bugs this way. Did you ever want to verify that your contracts and assertions are pure, such that conditional compilation doesn't change the outcome of your program? Or that your sort comparator isn't mutating the elements while performing its comparisons? Neither has much to do with concurrency, although the latter facilitates parallel sorts. Many other systems introduce specific verification techniques to address specific problems, rather than employing a general purpose type system.
I would say the strength with respect to concurrency is not the type system itself, but rather what you can do with it.
The focus on implicit parallelism in the recent forum discussions was unfortunate. I guess "implicit parallelism" just makes for catchy and controversial titles. Yes, the type system makes implicit parallelism "safe and possible," some forms of which are indeed profitable, but it's not as though suddenly all of your for loops are going to run 8-times faster after a recompile. The optimization angle is an orthogonal, but very real, concern. There are decades of research and experience here.
Even when tasks are explicitly spawned, however, the fact that the type system catches unsafe mutable state capture that would lead to race conditions is, I dare say, game changing. I could never go back to the old model of instruction-level races, which now-a-days feels like programming a PDP6 to me (no insults implied). And yes, data parallel works great in this model. It may take a bit of imagination, rereading the article, and perhaps looking at related work such as Deterministic Parallel Java, to understand how, but it does.
The effort grew out of my work on Software Transactional Memory in 2004, then Parallel Extensions (TPL and PLINQ), and then my book, a few years later. I had grown frustrated that our programming languages didn't help us write correct concurrent code. Instead, these systems simply keep offering more and more unsafe building blocks and synchronization primitives. Although I admit to contributing to the mess, it continues to this day. How many flavors of tasks and blocking queues does the world need? I was also dismayed by the oft-cited "functional programming cures everything" mantra, which clearly isn't true: most languages, Haskell aside, still offer mutability. And few of them track said mutability in a way that is visible to the type system (Haskell, again, being the exception). This means that races are still omnipresent, and thus concurrent programs expensive and error prone to write and maintain.
Reflecting back, I am somewhat amazed that the language has taken so long to hatch. Type systems that are sound and strike the right balance of utility and approachability are hard work!
I am ecstatic that we've been able to make inroads towards solving these hard problems. My team is, quite simply, an amazing group of people, and without them the ideas would have never made it beyond the "that will never work" phase. I look forward to sharing more about our work in the years to come.
.NET holds an enormous advantage over C++.
Well, okay, there are a few, but I'm thinking about one in particular: A single string type.
What's not to love about that? Anybody who has done more than an hour's worth of Windows programming in C++ should appreciate this feature. No more zero-terminated char* vs. length-prefixed char* vs. BSTR vs. wchar_t vs. CStringA vs. CStringW vs. CComBSTR. Just System.String. Hurray!
There's one very specific thing not to love, however: The ease with which you can allocate a new one.
I've been working in an environment where performance is critical, and everything is managed code, for several years now. That might sound like an oxymoron, but our system can in fact beat the pants off all the popular native programming environments. The key to success? Thought and discipline.
We, in fact, love our single string type. And yet our team has learned (the hard way) that string allocations, while seemingly innocuous and small, spell certain death.
It may seem strange to pick on string. There are dozens of other objects you might allocate, like custom data types, arrays, lists, and whatnot. But there tend to be many core infrastructural pieces that deal with string manipulation, and if you build atop the wrong abstractions then things are sure to go wrong.
Imagine a web stack. It's all about string parsing and processing. And anything to do with distributed processing of data is most likely going to involve strings at some level. Etc.
There are landmine APIs lurking out there, like String.Split and String.Substring. Even if you've got an interned string in hand (often rare in a server environment where strings are built from dynamically produced data), using these APIs will allocate boatloads of tiny little strings. And boatloads of tiny little strings means collections.
For example, imagine I just want to perform some action for each substring in a comma-delimited string. I could of course write it as follows:
string str = ...; string[] substrs = str.Split(','); foreach (string subtr in substrs) { Process(substr); }
Or I could write it as follows:
string str = ...; int lastIndex = 0; int commaIndex; while ((commaIndex = str.IndexOf(',', commaIndex)) != -1) { Process(substr, lastIndex, commaIndex); lastIndex = commaIndex + 1; }
The latter certainly requires a bit more thought. That's primarily because .NET doesn't have an efficient notion of substring – creating one requires an allocation. But the performance difference is night and day. The first one allocates an array and individual substrings, whereas the second performs no allocations. If this is, say, parsing HTTP headers on a heavily loaded server, you bet it's going to make a noticeable difference.
Honestly, I've witnessed programs that should be I/O bound turn into programs that are compute-bound, simply due to use of inefficient string parsing routines across enormous amounts of data. (Okay, the developers also did other sloppy allocation-heavy things, but string certainly contributed.) Remember, many managed programs must compete with C++, where developers are accustomed to being more thoughtful about allocations in the context of parsing. Mainly because it's such a pain in the ass to managed ad-hoc allocation lifetimes, versus in-place or stack-based parsing where it's trivial.
"But gen0 collections are free," you might say. Sure, they are cheaper than gen1 and gen2 collections, but they are most certainly not free. Each collection is a linked list traversal that executes a nontrivial number of instructions and trashes your cache. It's true that generational collectors minimize the pain, but they do not completely eliminate it. This, I think, is one of the biggest fallacies that plagues managed code to this day. Developers who treat the GC like their zero-cost scratch pad end up creating abstractions that poison the well for everybody.
Crank up .NET's XmlReader and profile loading a modest XML document. You'll be surprised to see that allocations during parsing add up to approximately 4X the document's size. Many of these are strings. How did we end up in such a place? Presumably because whoever wrote these abstractions fell trap to the fallacy that "gen0 collections are free." But also because layers upon layers of such things lie beneath.
It doesn't have to be this way. String does, after all, have an indexer. And it's type-safe! So in-place parsing at least won't lead to buffer overruns. Sadly, I have concluded that few people, at least in the context of .NET, will write efficient string parsing code. The whole platform is written to assume that strings are available, and does not have an efficient representation of a transient substring. And of course the APIs have been designed to coax you into making copy after copy, rather than doing efficient text manipulation in place. Hell, even the HTTP and ASP.NET web stacks are rife with such inefficiencies.
In certain arenas, doing all of this efficiently actually pays the bills. In others arenas, it doesn't, and I suppose it's possible to ignore all of this and let the GC chew up 30% or more of your program's execution time without anybody noticing. I'm baffled that such software is written, but at the same time I realize that my expectations are out of whack with respect to common practice.
The moral of the story? Love your single string type. It's a wonderful thing. But always remember: An allocation is an allocation; make sure you can afford it. Gen0 collections aren't free, and software written to assume they are is easily detectible. String.Split allocates an array and a substring for each element within; there's almost always a better way.
A glimpse of some research we've done recently just appeared at OOPSLA last week:
Uniqueness and Reference Immutability for Safe Parallelism A key challenge for concurrent programming is that side-effects (memory operations) in one thread can affect the behavior of another thread. In this paper, we present a type system to restrict the updates to memory to prevent these unintended side-effects. We provide a novel combination of immutable and unique (isolated) types that ensures safe parallelism (race freedom and deterministic execution). The type system includes support for polymorphism over type qualifiers, and can easily create cycles of immutable objects. Key to the system's flexibility is the ability to recover immutable or externally unique references after violating uniqueness without any explicit alias tracking. Our type system models a prototype extension to C# that is in active use by a Microsoft team. We describe their experiences building large systems with this extension. We prove the soundness of the type system by an embedding into a program logic.
Uniqueness and Reference Immutability for Safe Parallelism
A key challenge for concurrent programming is that side-effects (memory operations) in one thread can affect the behavior of another thread. In this paper, we present a type system to restrict the updates to memory to prevent these unintended side-effects. We provide a novel combination of immutable and unique (isolated) types that ensures safe parallelism (race freedom and deterministic execution). The type system includes support for polymorphism over type qualifiers, and can easily create cycles of immutable objects. Key to the system's flexibility is the ability to recover immutable or externally unique references after violating uniqueness without any explicit alias tracking. Our type system models a prototype extension to C# that is in active use by a Microsoft team. We describe their experiences building large systems with this extension. We prove the soundness of the type system by an embedding into a program logic.
The official ACM page is here, and a tech report version is available on MSR's website.
As I said, this is just a glimpse. Its focus was mainly on the type soundness work we've done jointly with MSR, and less about the language, syntax, and uses. You'll have to use your imagination to fill in the rest


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The Mattiazzi Branca Chair is also known by the following manufacturer Item Number: MGR00.
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For additional information, please see our shipping and delivery policies page.

subset: commoncrawl


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CINCINNATI -- When Giants starter Barry Zito struggled out of the gate, manager Bruce Bochy yanked the left-hander after just 22/3 innings.
When Cincinnati's Mike Leake struggled out of the gate, manager Dusty Baker stuck with his starter ... until a two-run fifth broke the game open.
Did Baker think about taking out Leake any earlier?
"Well, I mean, did you know it was going to happen during that time?" Baker said, sensing he was being second-guessed after the Giants' 8-3 victory in Game 4 of the National League Division Series. "(Leake) was dealing during that time. You can always look back and say, 'Hey, should you have taken him out at that time. But what if he had gone another two or three innings and dealt."
Baker, a three-time N.L. Manager of the Year with the Giants, has more victories than any active manager other than the Detroit Tigers' Jim Leyland. But his patience backfired this time as Leake surrendered five runs in 41/3 innings.
Leake's outing ended in the fifth after he surrendered back-to-back doubles to Joaquin Arias and Angel Pagan, and Marco Scutaro bunted Pagan to third base.
"He was getting the ball up in the middle of the plate," Baker said. "When he does that, generally speaking, like most pitchers, he gets hit."
Sanchez proved as much over nine
"Two walks in one game is amazing for me!" he said. "I was focused."


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Here we go again. It was supposed to be announced later tonight, but I guess info came in early.
Check it out: http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/a...ack-ops-2.aspx
Seems like it's modern or even futuristic. What do you think?
Here we go again. It was supposed to be announced later tonight, but I guess info came in early.
Check it out: http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/a...ack-ops-2.aspx
Seems like it's modern or even futuristic. What do you think?
This one has drones.
The box art is reminiscent of the 2010 edition.
Character has his head down because he's ashamed of being on the cover. XD
R.I.P Xbox
2001 - 2013
Xbox Went Home
I'm buying it.
People hate COD way too much. It's not this terrible, evil game. It's a fun game to play with your friends.
The quality of the games themselves is personal preference. I, for example, find them to be fairly mediocre examples of the modern shooter. The main reason people dislike the games is because they've failed to evolve beyond the formula introduced in the original Modern Warfare, which was five years ago.
To be honest there's not a whole lot they can evolve on. Since zombies came they've pretty much had everything they need. But about releasing on every year, don't lie; if you make a video game that spawns millions of dollars in sales and breaks multiple records every year, you're going to make one every year.
Oh, I know. From a business standpoint, it'd be utterly stupid of Activision to cease what is essentially a license to print money. The games just have this air about them. The entire series comes off more as a factory production line, churning out yearly releases with the absolute bare minimum in creativity and design, guaranteed to sell millions.
The thing is that the games aren't just evolving less, they're getting worse in most people's eyes.
For me, it goes something like this - CoD4 > MW2 > Black Ops > WaW > MW3
Notice that if you put WaW (which, to be fair, I didn't give much of a chance) after CoD4, it's chronologically backwards? That's not a good sign. Plus, MW3 was a sloppy mess imo. The maps sucked, the online was too complicated, and the singleplayer took no more than 4 hours to complete.
Don't get me wrong, I'll probably buy BO2, but the series is going down the drain imo. Also, when the hell will they make a European WW2 game? It's been long enough.
I said I'd probably buy it. If it doesn't look good, I won't get it.
Besides, no matter if I buy it or not, the series is still gonna sell more than any other. And for the record, I still enjoy the games, just not as much as the older ones, which weren't purely focused on the online portion of the game.
I found kind of a repeating process with he COD games. They're awesome for the first month or two, then they start to get boring. A few months later they're fun again. Once the next game's boring, the old one becomes fun again.
Also WaW was a great game, it's almost impossible to find a non-hacked game.


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LOL, i think you need to relax. we were arguing about the game.
I don't think real life has nothing to do with it.
you have more metals. so what?
the meaning of the Olympic games is not to win, but to participate.
And since we discuss about real life, i don't believe either Americans or Greeks or Indians or etc.. are the best.
Every country has good and bad people


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Thursday, May 20, 2010
Perhaps it's time to move Derek out of the leadoff slot
Derek Jeter is at .266/.312/.387; .314 wOBA, and is close to shattering (if he has not already done so) the all-time record for groundouts to the shortstop.
I'm obviously well aware that slumps are part of the game, and I expect Jeter's numbers will be where they should be after all is said and done, but right now he's really hurting the offense. I don't think it would be the worst thing in the world to try Gardner -- still leading the American League in pitches per plate appearance -- as the leadoff hitter and bump Jeet down to the two-hole until he gets his bat going again.
With Grit getting on base over 40% of the time, working the count and not swinging at the first pitch he sees and grounding out to short in every at-bat, it should set a more positive tone for the lineup and hopefully allow Tex and A-Rod to actually get some at-bats in the first inning with less than two outs.
7 comments:
Hi Larry,
I missed last night's game (can't say I'm too sorry about that!), so my perceptive is a game behind. Just thought I'd mention that
I came up with 2 arguments for keeping Jeter where he is:
1. he hit in the leadoff spot all year last year to a 334 BA and 406 OBP... not sure what his career numbers are from the leadoff spot, but i would guess they're pretty good, and the sample size is pretty big
2. Yankees run production in losses isnt that low, and most of the games they lost, I feel like they lost bc they pitched horribly, except those 2 in detriot where they pitched well and didnt hit a lick. here are their May losses:
5/1 to White Sox 6-7
5/9 to Boston 3-9
5/10 to Detroit 4-5
5/12 to Detriot 2-0
5/13 to Detriot 6-0
5/16 to Min 6-3
5/18 to Boston 6-7
5/19 to Tampa 6-10
Ugh, look how many times they scored 6 runs and lost the game!
However, I feel like its a fine idea to shake the line up around every once in a while, but I dont think Girardi will do it.
~jamieWhich is fine, but for Jeter's career he has hit into a high amount of double plays, which is part of why he is better as a lead off hitter. He does get on base a lot, in a good year, but when he doesn't he makes a lot of ground ball outs. This is a big reason why it's better that he not bat second.
ReplyDeleteGirardi likes to keep his lineup set, something I think is a good quality. But if we're discussing where Jeter should move during the slump I say it's the 9 hole, which he'd never agree to.
And Jeter does need to take a freakin' pitch. The swing at everything routine is clearly not getting him out of his slump.


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The Coaches versus Cancer weekend continued on Sunday. Siena and Saint Rose shared the hosting duties for one of the biggest tournaments of the season. YNN's Seth Leavitt has the details.


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Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD: A Comprehensive Clinical and Neurocognitive Characterization
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 04/26/2012
Thakur GA et al. – The results suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with a more severe form of attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by more severe clinical manifestations and poorer neuropsychological performance. This phenotypic signature associated with MSDP may help to identify a more homogenous subgroup of children with ADHD.


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You're watching...
Kucinich: We can't cut jobs to pay off the debt
Former Democratic presidential candidate responds to president's State of the Union address
- Duration 2:55
- Date Feb 13, 2013
You're watching...
Former Democratic presidential candidate responds to president's State of the Union address
Also in this playlist...
Auto-advance: ON
Auto-advanceThis transcript is automatically generated
-- of the night and that is the president's state of the union.
Address here with reaction Fox's contributor former congressman Dennis Kucinich is -- us.
Congressman first of all your rational thoughts I know you that you hear is you stand a little slightly left of me.
But we also on the great comparison -- Marco Rubio is response which I told one of the best responses.
To a State of the Union Address I'd seen but your reaction your overall thoughts.
Well first of all we have a debt based economic system and when you consider the exponential growth of the dead due to compound -- interest.
No amount of cutting is gonna solve that we need to look at.
Changing our monetary policy.
Vote you know and the other thing is this government waste money you bet it does and should we have a tax increase to cover that absolutely not I'm opposed any tax increases.
We have to start thinking about we can't.
Cut jobs to pay off the debt.
We need to create jobs and if there's more tax revenue coming yet.
So you know these are things.
You know noted tax increases note austerity and the other thing I want to add.
No means testing -- Social Security.
That would undermine social security and Social Security is not part of the deficit problem.
It's rock solid through the years 4032 without any changes whatsoever -- I am of my hearing you correctly here is my ear piece off here congressman.
But let -- I agree with almost everything you said -- you're against the tax increases the president.
Has called for more tax increases you just got one.
He did talk about going after what he's he's -- his words not mine wealthy seniors and what he said deficit reduction not an economic plan.
Well certainly debt accumulation.
Is robbing from our children that scares me and then I really didn't address it in a big way.
Well -- our economic system money equals -- this is the problem people don't always think about this.
And as long as money equals debt and we're borrowing money -- -- borrow money from China to pursue the war in Iraq.
We're going to keep having more debt the compounded interest on the debt is going growing exponentially so what do we do.
You gotta go back to 1913 Federal Reserve was created.
Privatize the money supply.
Put the data and the government we've got -- Take back article went section -- -- constitution which gave the government the power to be able to move the economy forward and it.
And a spur the private sector I don't believe it increased taxation.
To get the economy going that takes it in the opposite direction what you have to look at the structure of our monetary system shot in order to have verse same discussion about that slot you know why did I miss this Dennis Kucinich out on the campaign trail -- might of I might have been a bigger supporter congressman.
Let me ask you what you thought of bomb what I think is going to be a big story of the night that was the the Republican response by Marco -- what -- your thoughts.
-- I was on my way to the studio when -- minister Mario spoke so I'm I'm sorry I didn't hear it now that -- that's fair but.
Congressman I know it's late thank you so much for being with us we appreciate it.
-- -- attention -- thank you I want to come back --


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I think so :3 If you wanna start, you make the IC and link me here. If you'd rather I do it, then just reply telling me to do so
It's up! Sorry, first post is long, my openings usually are....
Ok here are all the species I could think up. If you ever wanna add any more, here's a MS [monster sheet lolz]. Also, let me know if you want me to add anything in, and I'll edit it all into the first post so that it's in one place and easy to find k? :3
I moved it. See the first page for the real complete list.
Spoiler: Appearance
Alright! Now with that madness out of the way [lolz it was fun to make and I hope you find it useful, possibly even add to it yourself] I did want to mention something.
As I stated in my CS, my character is hiding as a male werecat at the moment, thus the reason why I referred to her as a he for the duration of my post. Not only that, but the most she's revealed is the small size of her paws. You can make him question the paw size difference, if you want, but until Xent'ax reveals that she is really Vren'ya, she's actually a he for the time being. So, if its not too much trouble, could you change it so your post refers to her as a male, and doesn't make it seem like he's figured out one of her two secrets just yet? Please and thank you :3
Wow! That was really impressive! I will definitely have to use it!
And of course. I'm sorry! I apparently missed the fact that you were hiding as a male. I can't remember if it was you who had the odd use for pronouns... (a little embarrassing...) Someone I'm RPing with says hir / zir instead of him or her, and I guess I just wasn't thinking clearly. Changing it now.
I'm not sure how to use a spoiler...
SPECIES: Banshee
LEVEL OF RARITY: Rare
HOMELAN The Glades
OTHER: Banshees are spirits who can sense death, and wail with sorrow at it. They do not bring death, but some commit suicide when hearing the Banshee. They can usually appear as women of any age, but very few are men.
Spoiler: Banshee Female
SPECIES: Naga
LEVEL OF RARITY: Somewhat rare
HOMELAN The Desert of Njafar
LEADER'S NAME: Saiathasashi
OTHER: Nagas are snakemen, they usually have bodies of a snake, and the torso of a man. They do not wear clothing, and do not need water to survive. They usually prefer warm places, and like to keep to themselves.
Spoiler: Naga
SPECIES: Djinni
LEVEL OF RARITY: Rare
HOMELAN Subspace
LEADER'S NAME: Maju Garzett
OTHER: Djinni can only be summoned by powerful magicians, and even then cannot be fully controlled. They must obey their summoner, but will look for any loophole to escape. The summoner must make it extremely clear what their order is, and must make it so it cannot be understood in a way that the Djinni would want. Once the Djinni can find a loophole, their freedom edges closer. When they become fully free, the Djinni will usually enslave the magician, kill him/her, or wreak havoc on the place.
Spoiler: Djinni
SPECIES: Harpie
LEVEL OF RARITY: Common
HOMELAN The Skies of Ralis
LEADER'S NAME: Queen Natasha
OTHER: Harpies are bird people. The only ones to leave they sky are the women, the men are primarily used for breeding purposes. They love sewing pestilence and kidnapping. They can have a soft side, usually if they see a mate they like.
Spoiler: Harpie
SPECIES: Mermaid / Mermen / Siren
LEVEL OF RARITY: Very rare
HOMELAN The Great Ocean
OTHER: Mermaids and Sirens are both of the same race. Mermaids are not killers, while Sirens are. The sirens usually delight in luring people to their rocks using their attractive bodies and voices, then drag people down to their watery depts, and devour them. Mermaids have more sophisticated behavior, they have their own secret civilization underwater, it is quite rare to find a merperson above water.
Spoiler: Mermaids / Mermen
SPECIES: Aqrabuamelu (Scorpion men)
LEVEL OF RARITY: Rare
HOMELAN The Desert of Njafar
LEADER'S NAME: Unknown
OTHER: Aqrabuamelu are giant scorpions, usually about seven to ten feet long, and about six feet tall with the torso of a man at the front of their body. Their hide is near impenetrable, and highly prized, moreso than gold, as it protects the wearer from magic, and most weapons. Their stinger is highly poisonous, and can kill at the will of the Aqrabuamelu, from within seconds, to days. They are highly knowledgable, and seek wisdom and intelligence above all else. They despise those who are not smart, especially orcs and goblins. They have alliances against Drakia.
Spoiler: Scorpion men
SPECIES: Kender
LEVEL OF RARITY: Extremely common
HOMELAN Mostly everywhere
LEADER'S NAME: Tasselhoff Burrfoot
OTHER: Kender are one of the most despised races ever. They appear as mini humans, almost always young. They never exceed five feet, and are usually about four feet tall. Kenders in general are very friendly. They have an immunity to fear, an extremely strong sense of curiosity, and a love for wandering. Kender are best known for their thievery, although they do not think of it as thieving. They are master lock-pickers, there is no "kender proof lock." Being called a thief is an insult to them. Kender are also very talented insulters, often coming up with highly amusing and accurate insults. Through out their history no kender thief has ever been known to exist. The problem therefore lies in the fact that kender "find" things that aren't theirs, and discover "lost" items, but they NEVER steal. Kender are not curious to find out what is in your pouch because they want to take your possessions, but because they just have a basic "need to know". Then they can become so enthralled with what ever it is that they forget to return it. So, they simply slip it into a pouch so it can be returned later...that is if they remember they have it. Sometimes this intense curiosity can usually get a kender into a lot of trouble. It might even get them killed. Kender are experts at picking locks, just ask any locksmith.
Spoiler: Kender
Last edited by Drakonnas; 05-18-2012 at 10:08 PM.
Dude those are awesome :3
And the way you use spoilers is by typing [HI DE= ] without the space, and after the = you can put the title that you want visible. Then to close it off, you put [/HI DE] without the space, and everything within the two is in a spoiler
Updated with pics.
I'll play along.
It won't be Toby this time.... hehe!


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Yesterday (Wednesday 20 April) the relatively early morning hours found me on the way to the industrial area of Arad (for those not familiar with local geography on the border between the Negev and Judean dessert), there for the first time to visit Asif winery.
Founded in 2006, Asif has a double role, the first in making their own wines and the second as a service winery producing wines for other small wineries that do not have their own physical plants. The winery is entirely kosher and under the supervision of American born owner-winemaker Ya'acov Oryah is currently producing between 20,000-25,000 bottles annually under its own label and another 15,000-20,000 at least in part for other "wineries", several of which do not have their own physical facilities and rely on the winery in nearly all aspects of winemaking..
Asif itself is currently producing wine in three series, Adam v'Adama, Chevlei Aretz and Resheet, the first two being age worthy and the third of popularly priced releases. Winemaker Oryah who seems to be moving more in the direction of whites, obviously takes pleasure from experimental blends and aging techniques, all of which is fine as the winery has clearly taken a step forward in quality and interest, that especially indicated by the 2007, 2008 and 2009 wines that were tasted today.
On a somewhat amusing note, related to the current Passover holiday, this was the very first time in a rather long career that I attended a tasting at which matzot and not bread was on the table. To my surprise, a fine palate cleanser and, like heroin just a bit addictive as I kept munching between wines throughout the entire tasting. My thanks to Ya'akov Oryah for his warm welcome, a fascinating and thoroughly professional tasting, the matzot, some very nice cheeses after the tasting and several fine cups of espresso coffee.
Eighteen White Wines and One Rose
Asif, Art Nouveau, Resheet, 2009: Deep shining gold in color, an unoaked dry white blend of 35% Chardonnay, 25% Viognier and 20% each of, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon. Opens with a nose rich in summer fruits, goes on to reflect those with peaches, nectarines and citrus on the palate, the fruits supported by light hints of spices that linger through to the long and generous finish. Drink now-2013. Score 89. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Art Nouveau, Resheet, 2010 (Advance Tasting): Deep gold with green and orange tints, a medium-bodied blend of Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Viognier (35%, 30%, 20% and 15% respectively). Unoaked, with fine balancing acidity to highlight aromas and flavors of white peaches, nectarines and citrus peel. Lively and complex. Drink from release-2014. Score 89. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Chardonnay, Chevlei Aretz, 2008: Made entirely from Chardonnay grapes, light golden straw in color with orange reflections. Intentionally unoaked, showing medium-bodied and lively with appealing pear, citrus and citrus peel on a near creamy background, all lingering nicely. Drink now or in the next year or so. Score 88. K (Re-tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Chardonnay, Chevlei Aretz, 2009: Unoaked Chardonnay, medium bodied, opens slowly in the glass to reveal notes of lemon and lime on nose and then blossoming to reveal flavors of honeydew melon, pears and roasted almonds, all lingering nicely. Simultaneously lively, refreshing and complex. Drink now-2013. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Chardonnay, Chevlei Aretz, 2010 (Advance Tasting): Light goldwith a green tint, medium- perhaps medium- to full-bodied, a lively and concentrated wine opening to reveal aromas and flavors of Anjou pears and Granny Smith apples, those followed by notes of nectarines and melon. A wine that seems to open in enchanting layers, all lingering nicely. Drink from release-2014. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Viognier, Chevlei Aretz, 2009: Showing better than at an earlier pre-release tasting. Unoaked, showing light gold in color, with aromas of peaches and citrus, opening in the glass to reveal flavors of mango, pineapple and almonds on an appealing background of earthy minerals. Drink now-2012. Score 88. K (Re-tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Viognier, Chevlei Aretz, 2010 (Advance Tasting): Unoaked as is the case with many of the Asif whitewines, showing glistening gold with green tints. On the nose and palate, mango, and nectarine fruits, those complemented nicely by notes of orange marmalade, vanilla and candied lemon zest. Fine balance between finesse and power, all leading to a long mineral-rich finish Drink from rlease-2015l. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Chenin Blanc, Chevlei Aretz, 2010 (Advance Tasting): Light bright golden straw in color, medium bodied, with citrus and tropical fruits on the nose. Opens to reveal green gage plums, white peaches, Jonathan apples, and notes of honeysuckle. On the long finish an enchanting hint of chamomile. Impressive even though at this stage of its development, perhaps a bit too acidic. No fear however for the balance is here and that acidity will settle down given the appropriate time. Best from mid-2012-2015. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, White Blend, 2008: A somewhat unlikely blend of Sauvignon Blanc, Gewurztraminer and Viognier (64%, 28% and 8% respectively) in which, alas, the varietal traits of each of the grapes is lost. Despite that, a pleasant blend, showing medium-bodied, with lively acidity to highlight aromas and flavors of summer fruits, grapefruit, spices and floral notes. Creamy and round. Drink now. Score 86. K (Re-tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Avant Garde, Chevlei Aretz, 2009: Light gold in color, with citrus and summer fruits on the nose. A medium-bodied blend of 30% each Sauvignon Blanc and Gewurztraminer, 21% Chardonnay, 12% Viognier and 7% Semillon, opening in the glass to show aromas and flavors of tangerine, grapefruit and star fruit on a background that hints of citrus peel. On the long finish appealing notes of bitter almonds. Drink now-2014. Score 89. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Avant Garde, Chevlei Aretz, 2010 (Advance Tasting): A blend that changes a bit from year to year, this year of 25% Gewurztraminer, 20% each of Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnayand Viognier and 15% of Semillon. Light bright gold in color, opens with a light sulfur stink that blows off quickly to revel citrus, litchi and tropical fruits. Lacks complexity but round and generous. Drink from release, 2014. Score 87. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Classique, Chevlei Aretz, 2009: Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc (69% and 31% respectively), aged partly in new French oak for 4 months, showing generous acidity on a medium-bodied frame. On the nose and palate pineapple, white peaches and peach pits on a background that barely hints of spicy oak. Easy to drink and with just enough complexity to grab the attention. Drink now-2013. Score 88. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Classique, Chevlei Aretz, 2010 (Advance Tasting): 70% Semillon and 30% Sauvignon Blanc, 20% of which was developed in new oak. Medium-bodied, light shining gold in color, with a floral and fruit-packed nose, opens in the glass to reveal aromas and flavors of lemon and lime, those yielding to citrus peel, exotic spices and notes of kiwis and nectarines. Lively, pleasant and just complex enough to take the attention. Drink from release-2014. Score 89. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Semillon, Adam v'Adama, 2009 (Advance Tasting): Think of this as an experimental wine, made from intentionally early harvested grapes and unoaked at this stage. Shows crisp acidigy and medium-body on a well balanced frame and at this stage showing ripe and concentrated with aromas and flavors tangerines, nectarines, orange blossoms and spices, all starting to come together as a rich and coherent whole. Destined for release only in another 4 – 5 years when it will show long and fine. Tentative Score 89-91. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011).
Asif, Semillon, Adam v'Adama, 2010 (Barrel Tasting): Still in its infancy (and five years from release) already showing deep golden and packed with aromas and flavors, those including apricots, pineapple, honey and vanilla along with a hint of toasted marshmallows on the long finish. Delicious now and promising to develop very nicely before its release. Tentative Score 89-91. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Viognier, Adam v'Adama, 2008: Deep gold with orange and green tints, developed partly on its leeks and with 30% in oak. Smooth and round, off-dry but with fine balancing acidity to keep it lively, opening to show aromas and flavors of pears and litchi fruits on a creamy background that hints nicely of white pepper. Long and generous. Drink now. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Orange Wine, Adam v'Adama, 2010 (Barrel Tasting): Another of the winemaker's experiments, and showing quite successful. Israel's first "orange wine", those made largely in Friuli-Venezia Giulia in Italy, by allowing for long skin contact and maceration of white grapes, that giving the wine its color and even a hint of tannins. Medium- perhaps medium- to full-bodied, showing aromas and flavors of Meyer lemons (a cross between lemons and mandarin oranges), papaya, star fruit, stony minerals and spices, all lingering nicely. Drink from release. Tentative Score 90-92. K
(Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, White Dessert Wine, Resheet, 2009: Yet another of the winemaker's experiments, a blend of Gewurztrminer, Viognier, Semillon and French Colombard, fermentation stopped by adding enough alcohol to bring the wine to a 13.5% alcohol level. Bright shining gold, medium-bodied, with its moderate sweetness set off by crisp acidity. On the nose and palate, apricots, nectarines and honeyed peaches, all coming together nicely. A fun and easy to drink dessert wine. Drink now-2013. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Rosé, Chevlei Aretz, 2009: A blend of 62% Barbera, 22% Mourvedre and 16% Syrah, the grapes kept in contact for a fairly extended period giving the wine a deep ruby toward garnet color, far darker than one normally finds in a rose wine. What surprises is that despite its medium-body, dark color and hint of tannins, the nose and palate perceive this as a true rosé in every way. Crisply dry, with good balancing acidity, on first attack black cherries and wild berries, those yielding to notes of blueberries and raspberries. Delicious and, largely because of the cognitive dissonance caused by the color, body and tannic hint, fascinating. Drink now-2013. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Eight Red Wines
Asif, Syrah, Resheet, 2008: Blended with 5% Cabernet Sauvignon, dark garnet with a royal purple rim, showing medium- to full-bodied with gently gripping tannins and generously (perhaps a bit too generous) acidity, opens in the glass to show red plums, cassis and herbal notes, all lingering nicely. Not overly complex but a very pleasant quaffer. Drink now or in the next year or so. Score 88. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Merlot, Resheet, 2008: Dark garnet, medium- to full bodied, a blend of 85% Merlot, 10% Cabernet Franc and 5% Cabernet Sauvignon. Opens with ripe red plums on the nose, goes on to reveal aromas and flavors of cassis, wild berries and tobacco, all on a background of near-sweet, gently gripping tannins. Round and generous. Drink now or in the next year or so. Score 88. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Negev Red, Resheet, 2009 (Advance Tasting): A blend of six grapes (the kind I think of at times as a blend of "everything in the kitchen sink"), those including Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Morvedre, Cabernet Franc and Malbec in varying percentages. Considering the potpourri blend, a perhaps surprising success, showing dark garnet, medium- to full-bodied and reflecting its 12 months in oak with generously gripping tannins and abundant black fruits, among those blackcurrants, black cherries, blackberries, those on a lightly spicy and herbal background and, on the moderately long finish, a note of bittersweet chocolate. Drink from release-2013, perhaps longer. Score 89. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Negev Red, Resheet, 2010 (Barrel Tasting): A Bordeaux blend this year of 83% Merlot, 15% Cabernet Sauvignon and 2% Cabernet Franc. Almost impenetrably dark garnet, full-bodied, with generous acidity and lightly gripping tannins. With a nose replete with spicy black fruits opens in the glass to show blackcherry, blackberry and cassis fruits on a background that hints of citrus peel and roasted herbs. Drink from release-2014. Score 88. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Asif Red, Chevlei Aretz, 2007: Super-dark garnet in color, with red and black fruits on the nose, a medium- to full-bodied, gently tannic blend of 85% Cabernet Sauvignon, 12 Merlot and 3% Syrah. A distinctly red fruit nose yields in the glass to aromas and flavors of blackcurrants, black cherries and crushed berries, those on a background of freshly picked Mediterranean herbs and tobacco, all with an appealing hint of green almonds. Drink now-2013. Score 87. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Asif Red, Chevleai Aretz, 2008 (Advance Tasting): Another of the winery's ever-changing blend this year of 57% Merlot, 26% Cabernet Sauvignon, 12% Petit Verdot and 5% Cabernet Franc. Dark garnet, medium- to full-bodied (leaning to the full), reflecting its development in oak with gently gripping tannins. On the nose and palate blackcurrants, red and black cherries and roasted herbs, all lingering nicely, tannins and fruits rising on the finish. Drink from release-2014. Score 88. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Asif Red, Chevlei Aretz, 2010 (Barrel Tasting): Dark garnet, full-bodied, with its firm, lip and cheek coating tannins now starting to settle in nicely, opens with a distinctly red fruit nose. A blend of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Petite Sirah and Merlot (42%, 35%, 20% and 3% respectively). Opens slowly in the glass at this stage to show a generous array of purple plums, black currants and black cherries, those supported comfortably by notes of spices and bitter herbs, all coming together even at this early stage as a coherent whole. Promises very nicely for the future. Drink from release-2015, perhaps longer. Tentative Score 89-91. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Cabernet Franc, Adam v'Adama, 2008: Oak aged for 10 months in second and third year oak, blended with 10% Petit Verdot, showing dark garnet with soft, near-sweet tannns that caress gently. Supple and lively, with raspberry, black cherry and pomegranate aromas and flavors on a background of licorice and freshly hung tobacco, all of which lead to a long and generous fnish. Drink now-2014. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)
Asif, Tifferet, Adam v'Adama, n.v.: Call this one "weird" if you like but one has to admit that it is weird in a most pleasant manner. A blend of 49% Cabernet Sauvignon from the 2006 vintage that lightly fortified, 33% Shiraz from the 2008 vintage and 18% Zinfandel from the 2009 vintage, all from extremely low yield vineyards. Impenetrably dark garnet, opens with a Port-like nose and goes on to revel ripe raspberry, cherry and plum fruits, those on a background of molasses, espresso and bittersweet chocolate. Thick chewy tannins that go on and on to a long and powerful finish. "Weird" enough that all I can do is guess at a drinking window, from release-2018. Score 90. K (Tasted 20 Apr 2011)


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Mamas & Papas - 2 Pack Hooded Towel & Mitt - Natural
Catalogue Number: 484-1946
- Ideal for after bath time, at the pool or on holiday
- Super soft towelling
- Snag resistant
Product Details
Why Buy Me: - Ideal for after bath time, at the pool or on holiday- Super soft towelling- Snag resistant Features & Benefits: - Comes complete with a mitt- Available in a unisex, pink and blue colourway Age suitability: Birth+ Size: H: 75 x W: 75cm approx.Composition: 100% cotton
back to topProduct specifications
Variant | |
Colour | Cream |
Key Information | |
Type | Hooded towel & mitt |
Pack Size | 2 |
Material | |
Material | 100% cotton |
Features | |
Design | Patterned |
Machine Washable | Y |
Dimensions | |
Product Height | 75.0 CM |
Product Width | 75.0 CM |
Unit of Measure for Product Dimensions | CM |
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Outdoors: Wildlife won't let snowstorms, winter stop their routines
A full day before this past week's snowstorm, the wildlife of Northeast Ohio were busy feeding in anticipation of a long layover.
The wildlife were fattening up in preparation of hunkering down, a well-documented but little understood natural history phenomena, said wildlife biologists.
Deer, especially, on Christmas Day, were mowing the grass, eating succulent twigs and still-forming buds off trees, or rooting around the earth in search of fat- and protein-rich acorns.
"That's always been the thought, that wildlife can tell when there's a weather change, especially when something major is brewing," said Jeff Westerfield, a wildlife biologist for the Ohio Division of Wildlife's District Three (Northeast Ohio) office in Akron.
"Just this morning one of our guys here in the office remarked that his trail camera was going 'pop,' 'pop,' 'pop,' showing all kinds of activity from deer as the animals fed."
The obvious question is: How do these animals know when a storm is approaching?
"I asked that of the deer once," Westerfield said with a laugh. "Not really, but it's just the same as it is for how waterfowl know when and where to migrate. Mother Nature has given them the ability to know."
Westerfield also said perhaps the senses of human beings have just gotten "soft," no longer being able to gauge when a storm is on the warpath.
Yet even without fully understanding the physiological dynamics of why deer, wild turkeys, songbirds, waterfowl and the like can sense a storm's approach, the process remains a fascinating scientific area of study, Westerfield said.
"Oh, yeah, that what makes my job so interesting," he said. "We can't just say that 'x' equals 'y' when it comes to wildlife. Maybe in the end we won't figure everything out, but we have to keep working on it." Continued...
When asked how soon after a storm event will critters begin to stir and move about, Westerfield said wildlife won't waste any time.
"I suspect it will come pretty quickly," Westerfield said. "They'll know when it's over and time to feed."
Until then, the wildlife will live off their reserves, their bodies burning up stored body fat.
Deer can easily go 72 hours before refueling with whatever the woods and fields can provide. The same is true for wild turkeys and almost any other wild animal, as each is entering the winter mode of conserving energy, Westerfield said.
"We can go without food, too, for a while, though who wants to go without hot chocolate and cookies this time of year?" Westerfield said.
Then again, some wildlife species actually begin using winter to prepare themselves for the spring breeding season.
In fact, American bald eagles have already used the period October through this month to perform courtship rituals and set up nest building.
Eggs will be laid anywhere from mid-February to late March.
Meanwhile, if you hear the eerie and mournful "hoo-hoo-hooo!" call of the great-horned owl, chances are one owl is calling to its mate.
Great-horned owls don't waste a winter day, the species' peak breeding period being from late January through mid-March with their offspring hatching anywhere from late February to early April. Continued...
The same is true for the great-horned owl's woodland neighbor, the barred owl.
"There's actually a lot of activity during the winter, weather depending," said John Pogacnik, John, Lake Metroparks' biologist. "You just have to look a little harder and a little more closely than you do in the summer. I believe that a lot of people think that once winter comes there isn't much activity."
Even some salamander species — as well as crickets — can stir on unusually warm winter days, Pogacnik said.
"I was on Kelleys Island a couple of weekends ago, and I saw garter snakes," Pogacnik said. "Even a few bats were out."
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My wife and I spent the two days after our wedding at The Thorncroft, and I stayed there the night prior to the wedding. We live on the island and had a choice of where to stay as it was in the shoulder season and chose The Thorncroft for its location and the reputation of the inn. The Buders are... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Thorncroft Inn is a romantic, secluded, first class, exclusively couples oriented, fourteen room country inn situated in three restored buildings on 2½ acres of landscaped treed grounds, in an area of summer estates in the West Chop area of Vineyard Haven, on the Island of Martha's Vineyard. The inn specializes in honeymoons, anniversaries, engagements and birthdays. Most of the inn's bedrooms have working fireplaces; some have furnished balconies, private exterior entrances with private porches, two person whirlpools or private hot tubs. All room prices include renowned concierge service, full country breakfast in our dining room or breakfast in bed, wireless and wired high-speed internet access. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Travelocity, Orbitz and Priceline so you can book your Thorncroft Inn reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Bold, concentrated aromas and flavors of wild berry, spice and smoke. Lush and full on the palate, showing elegance through the lingering finish. This versatile wine is a fine accompaniment to grilled lamb, stews, roasted tomatoes and rich cheeses. - Randy Ullom, Winemaster
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You must earn 10,000 points to post other members' whiteboard
Less than 8 hours left to get your guess in the Guess the Gas Price Game. I hope you'll join us this round!
Congratulations on having the dedication to post for 1,700 consecutive days. Keep up the Great Work. Want to become buddies??? Warren :-D
Hi, I'm a buddy of "TuanCanCook" and noticed your great avatar at his site today. I am a fellow dog lover, a 6 yr. old Bichon "puppy" rules out home. Want to become buddies??? Warren {:-)
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Love your dog photo! What are their names?
Hey Rich, you're doing great...it appears you have an excellent chance of moving up the SJ list! I've noticed the buddy ahead has been declining in frequency of posts over the past severa months, an now has been at 0 for some time. Another 10-11 days and you'll move up another notch! Way to go!
Hi, BIG congratulations on having the dedication to post for 1,600 consecutive days. WOW!! Keep up the great work and Good Luck in the future! Want to become buddies??? Warren :-)
A very merry Christmas to you and your family as we reflect on God's greatest gift - His Son. Peace and prosperity to you in 2013.
Good looking, I've not heard of English Shepards before. Thx for becoming a buddy and have a good weekend.


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office of the registrar
Contact UsOffice of the Registrar, Manhattan Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Transfer CreditMetropolitan College of New York makes applying easy for transfer students. Our open admission policy allows students to apply and enroll in any of our three semesters. If you apply online, we'll waive the application fee! Our flexible credit policy allows applicants to transfer as many credits as appropriate. Some students may transfer up to 90 credits, depending on program requirements and individual transcripts. For consideration, transfer students must hold a minimum grade point average of 2.0 at their previous college. Grades of C or better are eligible for transfer. Transfer students are also required to submit an official transcript from each institution previously attended, prior to start of the semester. Metropolitan College of New York grants substantial credit for students who completed an Associate of Arts or Associate of Science degree. Students who have not earned an Associate degree can have their credits transferred to their best advantage towards an applicable degree program. Students may transfer credits from another college into the:
To arrange for a transfer credit review, contact the Admissions Office. Transferring to Associate Degree ProgramsYou may be awarded up to 12 credits toward the undergraduate Associate degree. Credits are transferable if you have earned a "C" or better in courses comparable to the MCNY degree program curriculum into which you are accepted.
Transferring to Bachelor Degree ProgramsFour-year college transfer students may be awarded up to 90 credits toward the undergraduate Bachelor's degree. Two-year college transfer students may be awarded up to 60-64 credits toward the undergraduate Bachelor's degree. Credits are transferable if you have earned a "C" or better in courses comparable to the MCNY degree program curriculum into which you are accepted.
For students who want to earn the Bachelor of Business Administration degree, the College-Level Examination Program® or CLEP provides students with an opportunity to demonstrate college-level achievement through a program of exams. Click here for information about CLEP testing. CLEP examination results are due the semester prior to registering for the course(s). You may receive up to 35 CLEP credits within a maximum of 64 transfer credits toward your Bachelor's degree in Business. Click here for a chart of MCNY's CLEP equivalents: MCNY School of Management CLEP chart Advance Standing (Life Experience) Program:Students entering the Bachelor of Human Services (BPS) with extensive professional experience may be eligible for the Advance standing program. Exemptions for one, two, or three semesters may be granted for significant, paid work experience through a guided portfolio development program. Life/Professional Experience: The Life Experience Program gives students the opportunity to apply their Prior Learning Experience towards a college degree. Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) students enrolled in the School of Management with extensive professional experience and previous education may apply for the Prior Learning Experience, which will allow them to advance their college standing. A maximum of nine (9) credits are awarded towards the BBA degree, upon presentation of a formal portfolio by the student. Contact Director of Business Programs for more information. Military Experience: MCNY honors veterans and the sacrifices they have made serving our country. Military coursework will be considered toward your MCNY degree by using the SMART and AARTS transcript. All transferable coursework complies with guidelines set forth by the American Council on Education. Transfer Articulation AgreementMCNY has Transfer articulation agreements with several Community and Private Colleges that make transferring effortless and efficient. Through our Transfer Articulation Agreements MCNY ensures that students from those institutions who meet the admissions criteria can seamlessly transfer to Metropolitan College. Transfer students who meet the admissions criteria are eligible for the $4000 Transfer Articulation grant. Transfer students who have completed an Associate degree from the colleges listed below may qualify to pass over the first four semesters and enter directly in our fifth semester as a junior. The Bachelor's degree can then be completed in just 16 months!
Transferring to Master Degree ProgramsYou may be awarded up to 6 credits toward the graduate degrees. Credits are transferable if you have earned a "B" or better in courses comparable to the MCNY degree program curriculum into which you are accepted. (The MBA in Financial Services permits up to 12 credits in transfer.) Credits earned within a degree can not be transferred. Only credits earned within 5 years will be accepted.
Exemption CreditsIf you transfer between programs (Human Services or Business) at the same grade level (undergraduate or graduate), you may be awarded "exemption" for comparable courses within the program into which you are registering. Contact the DeanContact the dean of your program to arrange an evaluation of your transfer credits.
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text: With 2012 marking thirty years of Stone Island, the Autumn/Winter collection is something of a celebration, with a selection of anniversary pieces that revive and rework iconic styles from the brand's illustrious history. This short sleeved cotton pique polo shirt is crafted in Italy, and features engraved metal buttons - a nod to the very first Stone Island collection - and a special edition embroidered '30 Anni' compass logo on the chest. Each polo is manufactured using the most technologically advanced dyeing processes available, making each individual garment unique.


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Centres for Research-based Innovation (SFI)
14 Centres for Research-based innovation (CRIs) were appointed by the Executive Board of the Norwegian Research Council and announced by the Minister of Education and Research on 16 June 2006.
7 new SFI's were appointed by the Executive Board and announced December 16th 2010. These centres started their activities during 2011.
The main objective for the CRIs is to enhance the capability of the business sector to innovate by focusing on long-term research based on forging close alliances between research-intensive enterprises and prominent research groups.
CRI's where partners from Oslo University Hospital are host institutions:
Appointed in 2006:
Appointed in 2010:


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