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NEW YORK – Recent high-profile attacks on tourists in India, Brazil, Turkey and Mexico – including rapes – have raised questions about personal safety for overseas travel, especially for women. But frequent travelers and those who work in the industry say a few commonsense precautions can go a long way to ensuring personal safety.
For example:
Fly.com Vice President Warren Chang didn't hang a "Do not disturb" sign on his hotel-room door on a trip to Jordan because he didn't want to advertise his presence.
Cindy Vanhoutte, who works for the vacation rental site HomeAway.com, always checks Google Street View to see what neighborhoods look like before renting there.
And Pauline Frommer, co-publisher of Frommer Guidebooks, leaves her jewelry home and tries to dress according to "local norms" – recently wearing long, loose trousers in Morocco.
It's also prudent to check the U.S. State Department website for travel warnings, which track everything from crime to terrorism to natural disasters.
Sometimes travelers simply become careless, forgetting that crime is everywhere.
"The cynicisms get left at home," said Alex Puig, a regional security director for International SOS, a medical and security crisis-response company. "I was on a train recently in Geneva, Switzerland. It's like Disney World there, but an individual had his bag stolen."
Puig himself was robbed by a gang in Rio but gave up his wallet and was unharmed.
"Be prepared to lose whatever you're carrying," he said.
Puig says travelers may be less cautious these days because websites and TV shows have made extreme adventures and off-the-beaten-path destinations seem routine.
"In the digital world, we can instantaneously show our friends all the cool, weird things we're doing," Puig said. "Our clients are flying to the developing world and going to spots they never would have gone to 10 years ago. In the era of Facebook postings, all the great things you're doing can lead people to bad judgment."
One important tip from Puig: Most crimes occur between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m., so stay indoors or be careful between those hours.
Elizabeth Becker, author of the new book Overbooked: The Exploding Business of Travel and Tourism, said sometimes people "do things abroad they would never consider doing at home."
"They travel to countries where they don't speak the language, have a superficial knowledge of the culture and do little advance preparations beyond booking hotels and buying a tourist guide," Becker said. "My suggestion is to do your homework and spend the money to hire a reputable guide. If possible, make a connection to a local before you visit – either through a trusted friend, family member or colleague. The local can help steer you away from dangerous situations."
Carole Cambata's company Travel Leaders/Greaves Travel in Highland Park, Ill., specializes in travel to India. She said her agency got a few calls after several attacks there on women, including from parents whose daughters are heading there as students or volunteers. Cambata says the safest way for tourists to travel in India is by car and driver rather than public transportation, with the exception of certain trains, and she noted that it's much more affordable to have private cars there than here. She sometimes books female travelers on hotel floors that are female only – both guests and housekeepers.
While nobody is blaming the victims for any of these attacks, Cambata also advises visitors to avoid going out late alone, to dress conservatively and to stay away from isolated areas.
"I wouldn't send a tourist to a dodgy area in New York, either," she said.
The recent attacks inspired STA Travel, which specializes in student travel, to post "Tips for Safe Travels" on the STA blog. Advice includes staying in a group, never leaving your belongings unattended, and making sure gadgets and other valuables are out of sight. Young travelers also are encouraged to drink and party "responsibly": Don't ever leave a drink unattended where someone can slip something in it.
Chang advises leaving a spare ATM card and credit card in the hotel safe, so you still have access to cash if you're pickpocketed or robbed. He says some travelers ask for hotel rooms above ground floor, to prevent street-level break-ins, but below the sixth floor, so they can easily flee a fire. When he flies, he says, he counts rows between his seat and the emergency exit, in case the lights go out or the cabin fills with smoke.
Nearly 274,000 U.S. students participated in study-abroad programs in 2010-11, and horror stories occasionally surface. The woman gang-raped last month on a public van in Rio was an American student, and three Boston University students died last year in a minivan accident in New Zealand.
A critical-incident database for study-abroad programs is being launched this year by the Forum on Education Abroad to see where vulnerabilities exist – whether crimes, accidents or illnesses – and prevent future problems. The first data is expected early next year.
Several companies that organize group tours – including Gate 1 Travel, Abercrombie & Kent, Overseas Adventure Travel, and Road Scholar – said they experienced no cancellations and no changed itineraries as a result of the attacks in India and Brazil. They also noted that safety is one reason people – especially women and solo travelers – choose group tours.
"They tell us that our expert local guides allow them to travel comfortably to places where they hesitate to go on their own due to language and cultural differences," said Pamela Lassers, spokeswoman for the luxury Abercrombie & Kent company.
Peter Greenberg, travel editor of CBS News and author of the Like a Local guidebook series, says immersing yourself in local culture still is the best way to travel, but you must use common sense.
"There are places in Ohio and New Jersey I wouldn't frequent, but that doesn't stop me from going to Cincinnati or the Jersey shore," he said. "A quick review of travel crime statistics will reveal the truth: More Americans are injured or killed in accidents in their own bathtubs than are victims of crime or terrorism overseas. The only real downside to going off the beaten track is when you act like a tourist, not a traveler."


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Nicknamed the "Trail Sofa," the SMA3 provides the perfect balance between all-mountain performance and all-day comfort. The anatomical and narrow shape combined with a sloping rear allow for quick position changes from seated to the downhill position. Orthopedic seat foam is used for maximum support and effective pressure distribution. The relief channel offers pressure distribution away from the soft tissue area. The SMA3 was developed in close collaboration with freeride legend, Richie Schley.
- Uses: all-mountain, MTB
- Rail: solid steel
- Shell: nylon composite
- Cover: microfiber
- Approximate weight: 330g

subset: commoncrawl


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Life in Iran with Rick Steves
In March of 2008 Rick Steves asked me to accompany him to Iran to help him produce a travel documentary on Iran and its people. Rick's intention was to put a human face on the people of Iran as opposed to the sensational news clips that tend to demonize people of other countries whose governments we don't agree with. I was delighted to accept!
Over the years, Rick had introduced so many travelers to European destinations through travel books, television programs, and travel blogs. Friends asked him to consider how he could increase understanding between Iran and the United States. Rick realized that the most powerful thing would be to produce a television show introducing Americans to the true Iran … the people, their extraordinary hospitality, their beautiful country, and ancient history.
Everywhere we went, we came across people young and old, teachers, students, artists, business people, soldiers, and farmers and we were always, always received with warmest welcomes and with smiling faces. Here are some of the photos and stories from our ten days of traveling.
Click on the pictures to see Abdi's Photo Diary of Life in Iran with Rick Steves.
Photographer Abdi Sami studied filmmaking at the University of Southern California. He has worked in the film industry for over twenty years and has also worked as a consultant with creative companies and non-profit organizations. Abdi has traveled to over thirty countries and visits Iran,his country of birth, regularly.
Abdi hopes to create more understanding between the people of Iran and the United States. Abdi can be reached by email.
When the Smiling Rose Looks at You in Spring
Iraj Anvar reads this poem by Hafez in Farsi and English.
Prevent War with Iran:
Learn the facts, the options, and what you can do to stop the war with Iran before it starts.
|Check out Rick Steves' website and find out more about his trip and why he went to Iran.


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EAST HARTFORD — The Friends of Center Cemetery was about to revamp its 20-year-old walking tour booklet when it occurred to Ray Tubbs, the group's president, that the printed word might have a foot in the grave.
People don't want printed guides anymore, Tubbs said, and printing them is expensive and distributing them is problematic.
"A lot of people would much sooner look at their iPad or smartphone than try to seek a source where they could get a booklet," Tubbs said.
So the organization decided to put the aging booklet to rest and in 2011 began developing a walking tour of notable graves and monuments in Center Cemetery using podcasts and QR codes, becoming...


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'Fifty Shades of Grey' Movie Casting Roundup & Poll (VOTE!)
It has been the topic on everyone's mind for the past week and now we are wrapping up a week of Fifty Shades of Grey casting rumors with a reminder of who is up for the role of Christian Grey!
We have narrowed it down to eight guys who seem to be seriously in consideration for the role: Jamie Dornan, Luke Bracey, Scott Eastwood, Francois Arnaud, Billy Magnussen, Christian Cooke, Theo James, and Alexander Skarsgard.
As we exclusively reported a few days ago, only Scott and four of the other guys are still in talks. The frontrunner seems to be Jamie after he had a "really good read," according to E! News. We can't wait to find out who really gets the role. Vote below to tell us who you want the role to go to!
Click through the slideshow for more polls on each potential Christian Grey…


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Filter Results
A Masked Ball tickets for premium seating and affordable pricing are available through Vivid Seats. Vivid Seats boasts an extensive inventory of opera tickets for seats ranging from the front rows to the back. To purchase your tickets, simply click on the opera dates above. When you purchase your A Masked Ball tickets through Vivid Seats, you are also purchasing a buyer guarantee that assures you your cheap A Masked Ball tickets will be accurate, valid, and delivered on time. Your guarantee also assures you your payment information will be kept secure in our server. If you have any questions or concerns regarding your A Masked Ball tickets, feel free to contact Vivid Seats' customer service at: 866-848-TIXX.


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Lisa is cursing at the Tom Tom on the dashboard. I am cursing at my dysfunctional laptop and/or cellphone. It is raining and cold. Our windows are fogged. Probably with the steam from our ears.
This is what happens when 21st-century reporters go off in search of old-fashioned tourist attractions in central Florida.
We had just come from Port Canaveral, after a two-night cruise aboard the new Disney Dream, and perhaps this little road trip would be the yang to the Disney yin. The low-tech and homespun versus the futuristic and sophisticated.
But that wasn't how this trip came together. No, the reason we are heading west right now, back through the center of the state...


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myDetour5X5 third lap in Parma has its winner.
The winner is Francesca No with the notebook "New map new land": The author has drawn a map fragment in every page. By collecting all the pages the jury put back together the whole map.
The Moleskine notebook will be exhibited in Naples, forth lap of the project, from September 16th to October 11th 2009 at la Feltrinelli, via S. Caterina a Chiaia 23.
For more info on myDetour 5x5 click here.


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Opinions of Sunday, 27 January 2013
Columnist: Asimenu-Forson, Kwaku
By Kwaku Asimenu-Forson
I have always taken for granted that Ghana is one nation and is bound to continue so, ' for better for worse.' But events since 2008 have caused me to see Ghana more like a cloth made of many pieces sewn together both in geography and in terms of peoples. That kind of cloth known in my village as 'nsansa' which is 'manufactured 'by the local seamstress or taylor who put together the leftovers of customers' materials. Depending on the pieces sewn, nsansa cloth could look very beautiful or terrible but always colourful. One challenge with this type of cloth is that, the owner must regularly sew the joints since the pieces regularly threaten to pull apart. This is how Ghana appears to me now.
Not that I am unaware of how we got the modern day Ghana. I am not ignorant of how Ashanti joined the Colony or the Annexation of the Northern territories or the plebiscite of 1956. But in 2004 when the first civilian president completed a full term in the 4th republic, I believed the nation had come to terms with a sustainable new dispensation of democratic culture based on mutual respect and the common realization that together we are better off that separate. But now, I am convinced that there are people in frontline politics and public service who would want the map of Ghana to look different from what it is today. I also believe that these people are in the minority. Therefore, in the interest of the vast majority , I wish to make a suggestion which in my view, will strengthen the hems and joints holding Ghana together as full- piece cloth. Before I do so let me make a comment on President Mahama's 200 senior high schools and how it would not add to the unity of the nation.
The boarding system at both the second cycle and tertiary levels has long been known to be a unifying force in the Ghanaian society. Indeed many of the key actors in the political system today have known each other very closely due to boardenisation. Talk of Akuffo Addo and Dr Kwadwo Afari Djan and you are talking about brothers. Brothers in the university. Roommates for three years. Indeed I wonder if afari Djan of all people could or should be the one to connive to deprive Akuffo Addo of his victory. In fact, I disbelieve the conspiracy theory. There may have been irregularities but connivance and contrivance by Dr Djan? What did Akuffo do to him for him to steal his victory twice as claimed by some? I believe the deep personal knowledge that such key players in the political system have of each other influences the good decisions so far that they have taken to safeguard the peace of the country . This is why I believe the 200 new SHS, as day schools, in era where tertiary education has far gone beyond brick and mortar education will take something away from the next generation.
This is happening in an era of globalization where nationalism is waning and traditional identities bodering on ethnicity and religion are getting a boost globally. Will the Ghana project survive? Indeed, the breakaway of South Sudan,the stillborn Somaliland Republic out of Somalia, the temporary partitioning of Cote D'Ivoire and the current Azawad project in Mali should give all African leaders a headache . As for Nigeria, Gaddafi prophesied its break-up before his own country was overrun. Westphalian sovereignty is under threat especially in Africa. In the next fifty years, are we going to have the same boders we have now in Africa? How many failed states is the continent yet to birth and will Ghana be one?
In my view, a key way of keeping Ghana together is through compulsory military conscription of all persons who attain voting age. Not only will conscription increase public displine in Ghana but it will increase national consciousness and identity at the expense of negative regionalism and ethnicisation of national politics. It will also enhance the security consciousness of the population while it also remains a cost effective means of raising a large army which is always ready against external aggression. Talking of external aggression, it is considered that the continuous spread of the Sahara will continue to push populations and conflicts down south. Ask the people of Ashanti Agogo and they will tell you where the Fulani came from. External threats to the peace and stability of Ghana is real.
Compulsory military conscription will be a great national team-building exercise, an enhancer of a unified national identity, a force for reducing social gap and a project for national unity and stability. Who is listening to me?


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The Boston Bruins have beaten the Chicago Blackhawks 2-0 to take a 2-1 lead in the Stanley Cup finals.
Daniel Paille and Patrice Bergeron scored in the second period and Tuukka Rask posted his third shutout of the playoffs by turning aside 28 shots Monday night, moving the Bruins within two wins of their second NHL championship in three years.
The Blackhawks suffered a key loss moments before the game when high-scoring forward Marian Hossa was scratched from the lineup after being hit by a puck during warm-ups.
Bryan Bickell nearly scored for Chicago, but his shot hit the right post with 42 seconds left.
Game 4 of the best-of-seven series is Wednesday night in Boston with the series shifting to Chicago on Saturday night.


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Main features
- Highly customizable – every aspect of the map can be styled using built-in configuration options or CSS.
- Create multi-level drill-downs.
- Create map charts (heatmaps or otherwise known as choropleth maps).
- Use any images in any format as map markers.
- Support for real-life latitude and longitude coordinates.
- Apply built-in or custom textures.
- Display multi-segment lines and routes.
- Customize initial and user-controllable zoom options.
- Control the map via JavaScript API (change data and configuration options, simulate user interactions, attach custom funcitonality to various events, etc.)
Hundreds of maps
JavaScript Maps comes with hundreds of hand-crafted maps in two detail levels – low-resolution (to conserve bandwidth) and high-resolution (for extra detail).
Check our free SVG maps page for a complete list and preview.
Unique features
Multiple map projections
JavaScript Maps supports popular map projections on all maps out-of-the box: Mercator, Winkel trippel, Eckert 3, Eckert 5, Eckert 6, Miller, and Equirectangular.
You can even switch the projections on the fly via API.
Advanced image animations
Animate any image on the map with just a few config options. The map will take care of every detail – speed, size, trajectory and even rotate your image to face the direction it is moving to.
Using some additional coding you can easily have motion-maps which change data at run time and illustrate how it changed during some time period. Check this motion-map demo, (click MAP tab on the top) which is based on the famous Gapminder widget. It is made using our charting and mapping library with some stuff from jQuery UI.
Zoom or pan the map, drill-down to other maps, select countries, states or provinces, display HTML-rich contextual info.
Export options
Annotate and export maps dynamically to various formats including static images, SVG, PDF.
Enhance capabilities with a range of plugins built by amCharts team.
Resize your browser window, rotate the phone, watch the map not just take the new shape, but adapt its contents and controls accommodate available space. Use full-fledged responsive features transparently, or write your own responsive rules.
We made it extremely easily control the maps using touch gestures. Zoom, pan, tap, without sacrificing the general responsiveness of the web page.
Highly configurable and flexible
With hundreds of configuration options tailor the maps to fully suit your target functionality and appearance.
Supports themes & CSS styling
Use one of the bundled beautiful themes, or build your own.
Apply CSS styling including transforms and animations to just about any chart element.
Unique styling options
Ever seen a map that looks like it's chalked down on a blackboard? Or scratched on a metal? Hand-drawn? It's easy to enable using amChart's unique options and themes.
Width just one setting, switch between nearly 30 languages bundled with our product. Or easily override any textual prompt with your own translation.
Powerful API
Update data, size or just about any other configuration variable dynamically, without reloading the page. Add info, markers, lines, images, or change colors, trigger animations on the fly via well-documented API. Tap into map's various events using custom handler functions.
Live-updated maps and timelines
Update data every second to create "live" map. Simulate just about any interaction using API function calls.
Well supported
Supports wide range of browsers and platforms
Backed by rock-solid support service
When we say we're serious about user support, we truly mean it. Paid customers and free users, we're always eager and ready to help. Read more on how we do it.
Available to download or via CDN
Download directly from our website or pull via GitHub, Bower, or npm. Or simply load directly via our super-reliable CDN. Your call. Get more details in Downloads.
Complementary services and tools
Premium Map Pack – a collection of high-quality world, and regional maps, that are available for commercial license holders.
County Map Pack – a collection of county map sets for United States, Canada and Mexico.
Pixel Map Generator and Visited Countries/States Map
If writing code is not your cup of tea, we have a a few online tools lined up for you. Use them to visually edit maps, configure them, then just grab the code or a static image.
Running WordPress? Use a native amCharts WordPress plugin to easily add charts to your posts or pages.


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The KLC implements procurement practices which facilitate the effective and efficient acquisition of goods and services necessary to meet strategic objectives and achieve the KLC's mission.
General Information
Whether you are a new business entity or an established business seeking to participate in the KLC's procurement opportunities, information is posted on the KLC's Web site at www.kylottery.com by clicking on the procurement link of the homepage.
The procurement section of the web site provides general purchasing information, how to become a supplier, and current solicitations.
Supplier Profile Form: (Click here for form)
Please complete the Supplier Profile form and return to the Purchasing Department. The information is input in the KLC's computer data base utilized by the Accounting and Purchasing departments for developing a supplier commodity code solicitation list, issuing purchase orders, and processing payments.
A Supplier shall not use its relationship with the KLC as a part of any commercial advertising without prior written consent of the KLC.


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Assassin bugs (Stenolemus bituberus) hunt web-building spiders by invading the web and plucking the silk to generate vibrations that lure the resident spider into striking range. To test whether vibrations generated by bugs aggressively mimic the vibrations generated by insect prey, we compared the responses of spiders to bugs with how they responded to prey, courting male spiders and leaves falling into the web. We also analysed the associated vibrations. Similar spider orientation and approach behaviours were observed in response to vibrations from bugs and prey, whereas different behaviours were observed in response to vibrations from male spiders and leaves. Peak frequency and duration of vibrations generated by bugs were similar to those generated by prey and courting males. Further, vibrations from bugs had a temporal structure and amplitude that were similar to vibrations generated by leg and body movements of prey and distinctly different to vibrations from courting males or leaves, or prey beating their wings. To be an effective predator, bugs do not need to mimic the full range of prey vibrations. Instead bugs are general mimics of a subset of prey vibrations that fall within the range of vibrations classified by spiders as 'prey'.
1. Introduction
Predators commonly rely on cryptic morphology and behaviour to avoid detection by the prey they are stalking or preparing to ambush. However, predators belonging to a less-studied minority actively advertise their presence and use deceptive communication to lure their prey into range of attack. These predators tap into existing sensory and perceptual biases in their prey, exploiting their tendency to approach certain stimuli. When the lure resembles another organism and solicits a similar response, the luring tactic is called 'aggressive mimicry' [1,2]. Some aggressive mimics, especially those exploiting sexual signals, are highly specific (sensu [3]), bearing close resemblance to a readily identifiable model. For example, Photuris fireflies mimic the visual courtship signals of female Photinus to attract males as prey [4–6]. Portia fimbriata jumping spiders lure female Euryattus sp. by mimicking male courtship vibrations [7]. Bolas spiders use chemical aggressive mimicry, imitating the pheromones from female moths to attract males [8–11]. Other aggressive mimics are more general, having limited resemblance to models and perhaps bearing similarity to a broader class of models rather than a specific model. For example, anglerfish use a general food-mimicking lure in front of their head to attract small prey [12,13].
Web-building spiders rely on vibrations in their webs to detect, identify and locate intercepted prey, and respond in a characteristic and predictable manner [14–17]. However, reliance on vibratory cues and predictable responses leaves web-building spiders vulnerable to exploitation by predators that aggressively mimic prey stimuli to gain control over their behaviour. Spiders from at least five different families routinely invade the webs of other spiders and lure them as prey with vibratory signals (e.g. Pholcus 'cellar' or 'daddy long-leg' spiders [18]; salticid 'jumping' spiders from the genera Portia, Brettus, Cyrba and Gelotia [19,20]). Several jumping spiders have been reported to use trial and error to derive effective signals [7,19–23]. To date, only one previous study has demonstrated a resemblance between vibratory signals used by web-invading spiders to manipulate prey spider behaviour and those generated by prey struggling in the prey spider's web [23].
As web-builders themselves, or as predators descended from web-building ancestors, it is perhaps not surprising to discover web invasion and vibratory deception in aranaeophagic spiders. A much more unexpected example comes from the aranaeophagic insect Stenolemus bituberus Stål (Emesinae, Reduviidae; electronic supplementary material), an assassin bug (hereafter 'bug') that uses two distinct predatory strategies, stalking and luring, to hunt web-building spiders [24,25] (electronic supplementary material). When stalking, they slowly approach the spider until within striking range and when luring they use their forelegs to pluck the silk threads, which lures the resident spider to within striking range [24–26]. Qualitative observations suggest that spiders approach luring bugs in a manner similar to how they approach prey struggling in the web, leading to the hypothesis that the plucking behaviours of bugs generate vibrations that mimic the vibrations generated by prey struggling in the web [24,25]. We test this hypothesis by quantitatively comparing behavioural responses of spiders to bugs and prey. Other vibrations in spider webs include mates and debris, and these are also potential models for aggressive mimicry. Hence, we also compare spider behaviour in response to courting males and leaves falling into the web. Further, to ascertain the resemblance between bug signals and each of the potential models, we quantify and compare the frequency, temporal and amplitude structure of vibrations generated by bugs to the vibrations generated by prey, mates and debris.
2. Material and methods
(a) Study animals
While bugs hunt web-building spiders from several genera they most often hunt spiders from the genus Achaearanea (Theridiidae [24]) and use luring to bring these spiders within range of attack [25]. Hence, we selected Achaearanea sp. as prey in our trials, using juveniles and adults (males and females) collected from the grounds of Macquarie University (Sydney, Australia). Individual spiders were housed in the laboratory inside wooden frames (20 × 20 × 3 cm) for at least 2 days before being used in a trial, allowing them to build webs. Male Achaearanea sp. (n = 5) were used to record courtship behaviour in the webs of adult females. We maintained males in individual 10 ml plastic vials. The laboratory was maintained at 24–26°C and 60–70 per cent RH under full spectrum lighting on a 12 L : 12 D cycle. We collected juvenile and adult bugs from Macquarie University grounds on the day before testing.
Two potential prey were used: Drosophila melanogaster (hereafter referred to as 'vinegar fly'), maintained in laboratory cultures, and an unidentified species of Aphididae (hereafter referred to as 'aphid') that is often found in the webs of Achaearanea sp. in nature (A. Wignall 2007, personal observation). Specimens of spiders and aphids have been lodged at the Australian Museum, Sydney. We used sweep-netting to obtain live specimens of the aphids from standing grass immediately before each trial. To simulate debris falling into a spider web, we collected fresh leaves from plants (mean weight: 0.014 g, s.d.: ±0.003 g, range: 0.008 g−0.02 g). We recorded 20 examples each of hunting by bugs, struggles of vinegar flies and aphids, and leaves falling into the web. We also recorded five examples of courting male spiders. All vibrations from each recording were analysed.
(b) Recording techniques
Experiments were conducted inside a sound-attenuating chamber (1.8 × 1.8 × 2 m) on a vibration-isolating table (Kinetic Systems, USA) under full spectrum lighting. Video recordings were made using a 540TVL GoVideo camera (Digital Products International Inc., USA) and digitized to hard drive through a Digital Rapids DC 1500 A to D board using Stream v. 1.5.23 software (Digital Rapids, Canada) run on a computer with Microsoft Windows XP operating system (Dual 3.0 GHz Xeon, 4 GB RAM). Vibrations were recorded using a digital laser vibrometer (Polytec PDV100, Germany). The AES (Audio Engineering Society) output of the laser vibrometer was converted to EBU (CO3, Midiman, M-Audio, USA) and synchronized to the audio track of the video recording. Vibrations were recorded at 44.1 kHz per 16 bits. To ensure the laser was adequately focused, we monitored output of the laser vibrometer during the trials using headphones from a Eurorack UB 802 soundboard (Behringer, Germany) that was connected to the laser vibrometer's analogue output.
(c) Experimental procedure
To record vibrations generated by hunting bugs, a frame containing an Achaearanea sp. in its web was placed on the vibration-isolating table the day before testing, along with a bug in a 10 ml plastic vial containing clean paper as substrate. Four vinegar fly wings, cut in half, were carefully placed at regular intervals in the spider web, each approximately 5 cm from the spider's resting place. These wings were used as focal points for the laser vibrometer to record transverse vibrations, while minimizing the loading on the web [17]. The wing closest to the spider was selected for recordings. Care was taken not to damage the web. If damage did occur, the web was set aside and was not used in trials until the following day, allowing the spider time to repair the damage. Recordings began 5 min after placing wings in the web, during which time the spider could settle down if it had been disturbed during the set-up of equipment.
The piece of paper that the bug stood on inside its vial was removed from the vial along with the bug and placed adjacent to the periphery of the spider web. The bug was allowed to make its own way onto the web. Trials were aborted if hunting did not begin within 30 min. Hunting was defined as antennal tapping of the substrate or antennal waving (up and down movement of the distal segment of the antennae) in the direction of the spider, both of which are commonly observed during predation [26]. We continued recording until the spider was caught by the bug, or until the bug stopped hunting (defined as no predatory behaviours observed for 30 min).
To record the vibrations generated by prey struggling in the web, we used a pipette to collect prey (either a vinegar fly or aphid) and gently propel it into the web from a distance of 5 cm. If the prey did not stick in the web, we aborted the trial and set up a new spider. We continued recording until the spider oriented to or approached the prey. If no spider response was observed within 10 min, we ended the trial. To record the courtship vibrations generated by male spiders, we released a male spider onto the frame and allowed 30 min for courtship to begin (defined by the male either approaching and tapping the female or cutting silk threads). Recordings of courting males continued until the male copulated with the female. To record the vibrations generated by leaves falling into a web, we dropped the leaf into the web from a distance of 5 cm, and continued recording for 10 min. Trials in which the leaf did not stick to the web were aborted.
(d) Analyses
To assess spider responses to each of our treatments, we defined five general sequences of spider response: (i) no response; (ii) orient, no approach to stimulus; (iii) orient, pause, approach stimulus; (iv) orient, pause, approach stimulus, adopt copulatory position; and (v) approach stimulus, no pause. We also measured the latency until the spider responded to the vibrations by counting the number of vibrations before a response and by measuring the latency until response from the start of the vibration immediately preceding the spider's response. We analysed vibrations using Autosignal v. 1.7 (SeaSolve Software, Inc., USA) and Peak v. 4.13 (BIAS, Inc., USA), which allows synchronized analysis of video and acoustic recordings. We measured the frequency and duration of each vibration generated by luring bugs, prey, courting males and leaves falling into the spider web. Vibrations were often of very short duration (less than 0.006 s), which does not allow spectrograms to be calculated. We used fast Fourier transform to calculate peak waveform frequencies (similar results were obtained when analysed with discrete Fourier transform and peak-to-peak analyses). When data deviated significantly from a normal distribution, we used a Box-Cox transformation [27]. The sample sizes for analyses varied slightly depending on whether a particular variable could be calculated from a vibration. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP v. 220.127.116.11 for Apple Macintosh (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).
3. Results
(a) Differential responses of spiders to stimuli
We found significant differences in the responses of spiders to the different vibration sources (Fisher's exact test p < 0.01; figure 1). How spiders responded to bugs was extremely similar to how spiders responded to prey (Fisher's exact tests, vinegar flies versus bugs: p = 0.56; aphids versus bugs: p = 0.65; vinegar flies versus aphids, p = 1.00). For both types of prey there were only two instances in which the spider made a direct approach, and each of these four instances was within 1 s of the initial impact in the web. Spider responses to other vibration sources were significantly different (all p < 0.01; figure 1). Spiders tended not to respond to leaves (65% no response) and female spiders responded to male courtship by entering a characteristic copulatory position.
There were no significant differences among vibration sources in the response latency (i.e. time elapsing from the last vibration until the spider responded; whole model F4,67 = 1.84, p = 0.13) or in the number of vibrations preceding the spider's response (F4,67 = 1.11, p = 0.36).
(b) Vibratory characteristics of stimuli
Linear discriminant analysis showed that there was significant variation in frequency, amplitude and duration of vibrations generated by hunting bugs, struggling vinegar flies and aphids, courting male spiders and leaves falling into webs (Wilks's lambda: approx. F12,12 610 = 328.07, p < 0.01). There was substantial overlap in the frequency, amplitude and/or duration of vibrations generated by each source, with 33.08 per cent of vibrations misclassified (i.e. resembling more than one vibration source; electronic supplementary material).
Repeated-measures MANOVA revealed significant differences in the frequency, amplitude and duration of vibrations generated by each source (whole model: F4,4768 = 48.26, p < 0.01). Repeated-measures ANOVA on the peak frequencies showed that the vibrations generated by bugs plucking silk and vinegar flies struggling in the web were of significantly higher peak frequency than those generated by leaves falling in the web (F84,4704 = 58.89, p < 0.01; see figure 2 for Tukey's tests). However, there were no significant differences in the peak frequency of vibrations generated by bugs and the two prey types or courting males. Repeated-measures ANOVA on vibration amplitude showed that bugs generated lower amplitudes than prey or leaves in webs (F84,4706 = 64.51, p < 0.01; see figure 3a for Tukey's tests). We also compared amplitudes of the first vibration generated in the web of each recording, as these include the initial 'impact' with the web. Initial amplitudes generated by bugs and courting males were lower than those from prey or leaves (F4,81 = 96.15, p < 0.01; see figure 3b for Tukey's tests). When these initial impact vibrations were excluded from the analyses, the amplitudes generated by bugs only overlapped those of courting males (F71,4634 = 69.96, p < 0.01; see figure 3c for Tukey's tests). However, amplitudes generated by courting males also overlapped with those generated by the two prey. Repeated-measures ANOVA on vibration duration generated a significant overall model (F84,4714 = 30.38, p < 0.01) but found no evidence of differences among the sources (F4,80 = 2.25, p = 0.07). A repeated-measures ANOVA on interval between vibrations also generated a significant overall model (whole model: F71,4625 = 16.78, p < 0.01) but again found no evidence of differences among the sources (F4,67 = 1.14, p = 0.34).
Global differences in frequency and duration provide limited discrimination among the stimuli, so we also examined the fine temporal structure and relative amplitude of vibrations produced by the different sources. Vibrations generated by bugs (figure 4a) were most similar to the short, low-amplitude vibrations generated by prey moving their body or limbs (figure 4c,d) and courting males (figure 4g). In addition to these vibrations, male spiders also generated a repeated, distinctive vibration (figure 4h) that was never observed from any of the other sources. This distinctive vibration would provide females with the means to discriminate males from other stimuli. The initial vibrations generated by both prey and leaves were characterized by a single high-amplitude vibration generated by impact with the web (figure 4b,e,f), and such vibrations were never observed in bugs or males. Wing beats of struggling prey were of much higher amplitude, of longer duration, and of both more variable and higher frequency than body and limb movements; again, such vibrations were never observed from bugs (figure 4i,j). After the initial impact, leaves made few, if any, subsequent vibrations in the web. In contrast, prey continued generating high-amplitude vibrations from wing beating and low-amplitude vibrations from movements of the limbs and body.
4. Discussion
How spiders responded to signalling bugs was similar to how they responded to prey (vinegar flies and aphids) caught in the web. These responses were characterized by orientation to the source, or orientation and intermittent approach. This is in sharp contrast to the responses of female spiders to courting males, which were characterized by the adoption of a distinctive copulatory posture and the lack of detectable responses to leaves (figure 1). This tendency supports the interpretation of luring behaviour of bugs as aggressive mimicry of prey. Such an interpretation leads naturally to questions of vibratory features by which spiders classify vinegar flies and aphids, and misclassify luring bugs, as prey.
The vibrations generated by bugs showed clear structural similarities to those generated by prey struggling in the web. While there were some similarities to the vibrations generated by leaves and courting males, these vibrations also show clear differences in fine structure to those generated by bugs and prey. The distinctive responses of spiders to leaves and courting males indicate that they can readily discern differences between these stimuli. Courting males (the source that generated vibrations with the most overlap in peak frequency distribution with the prey) generate a temporally distinctive pattern that was not observed from any other source throughout interactions with females (figure 4h). Such vibrations are common in courting Achaearanea (e.g. observations of Lubin [28]) and may be generated by abdominal vibrating, tremulation or stridulation, as stridulatory devices are common in theridiid spiders [29]. Male spiders, on entering the female's web, also spend up to several minutes approaching the female and tapping her legs and body. Females may use these tactile stimuli and vibratory differences to identify males in the web. Leaves falling into the web generated a high-amplitude pulse of vibration on the initial impact with the web, but rarely generated any subsequent vibrations. While prey also generate an initial high-amplitude vibration upon impact with the web, they also produce numerous vibrations after impact as they struggle. The presence of subsequent vibrations may provide spiders with a means to discriminate between debris and prey.
Vibrations generated by bugs occupied a narrower band of frequencies compared with the much more variable and often higher-frequency vibrations from both types of prey. Given the similar size range of aphids and vinegar flies, and the similar challenge faced by struggling prey stuck in a web, it is not surprising that there is substantial overlap in characteristics of the vibrations produced. Rather than aggressively mimicking a specific prey model, bugs are best interpreted as general mimics that exploit a bias in spiders to approach prey-like vibrations in the web. In addition to wing-beating, prey ensnared in the web also make smaller-amplitude, slower movements such as pulling a leg or moving the head or thorax, which generate much lower-frequency and -amplitude vibrations. Bugs pluck, stretch and cut silk threads very slowly with their forelegs, using low-amplitude movements [26]. These behaviours do not generate the higher-frequency and -amplitude vibrations observed in impact or wing beating of prey or courtship vibrations of courting males. To a spider, the vibrations generated by bugs may resemble small or exhausted prey that cannot mount high-amplitude or high-frequency struggles.
The responses of spiders to prey in the web were occasionally characterized by a direct and rapid approach towards prey without pauses. This response was never observed towards bugs or the other sources, and may be elicited by the presence of higher-frequency and -amplitude vibrations in the struggles of prey. Flying prey that is ensnared by a web will usually beat its wings while struggling to escape. Vinegar flies can beat their wings at up to 185 times per second during flight [30]. In a three-dimensional web such as that of Achaearanea, this can generate vibrations in the high-frequency range observed, whereas in two-dimensional webs the frequencies generated by prey appear to be much lower (compare [31] with [17]). Although the physics of vibration propagation in three-dimensional webs is not well understood, the behaviour of prey is able to generate higher-frequency vibrations in the web than is observed from bugs. The tendency of bugs to generate vibrations in the lower-frequency and -amplitude range produced by prey may be adaptive. Spiders are dangerous prey, and we have observed bugs being counter-attacked, killed and eaten by the spider they were hunting [24,25]. This risk may be considerably increased when the spider approaches rapidly and without pause. The only occasions when we observed spiders directly approaching prey were immediately after high-amplitude vibrations. Bugs hence appear to aggressively mimic a broad class of prey-like vibrations that are effective at soliciting approaches but are also unlikely to elicit highly aggressive, dangerous responses.
We would like to thank F. Barth, C. Evans, A. Harmer, J. Hemmi, M. Herberstein, R. Jackson, D. Kane, R. Mankin, C. Schaber and S. Wilcox for their assistance and useful discussions throughout the period of this study. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Research Council.
- Received September 24, 2010.
- Accepted October 6, 2010.
- This Journal is © 2010 The Royal Society


text:
Throughout the year, the Office of Admissions receives
notices of scholarships that are offered through external
organizations. Information about the scholarship awards
that are currently available is listed below. Award
notices are listed in the order in which they were received.
You may also find information on other outside scholarship
awards on the Internet. The following sites are useful
for finding scholarship and financial aid information:
NEW! Illinois Judicial Council Foundation Scholarships
Application Deadline: March 23, 2012
The Illinois Judicial Council (IJC) Foundation announces its 2012 Law School Scholarships. The IJC, founded in 1983, is an organization comprised primarily, but not exclusively, of African-American State and Federal judges, administrative judges and hearing officers. It has dedicated itself to bridging the gap between the judiciary and the community through educational dialogues regarding the legal system. Since 1999, the IJC Foundation has funded numerous scholarships, totaling in excess of $100,000 to minority and other deserving law school students throughout Illinois and beyond. To be eligible for consideration, an applicant must meet all of the following criteria: be enrolled full-time in an accredited Illinois law school, submit an official transcript, submit a financial statement, submit a completed scholarship application, submit two letters of recommendation, submit a personal statement and resume, and submit to a personal interview by the scholarship committee. You may download a copy of the application form here. Applications and supporting documentation must be submitted electronically to firstname.lastname@example.com by Friday, March 23, 2012.
NEW! Bohemian Lawyers' Association of Chicago Scholarship
Application Deadline: April 2, 2012
The Bohemian Lawyers' Association of Chicago (BLAC) has several scholarships each in the amount of $2,000 available to students attending law school in the greater Chicagoland area. These scholarships are open to students of Czech, Moravian, Ruthenian, Silesian or Slovak ancestry. The scholarships will be presented at the BLAC Annual Installation Dinner held in Chicago in May. Applications must be submitted by midnight on April 2, 2012. All students interested in applying must submit a completed scholarship application form, resume, transcript, and essay (limit 250 words). Applications are online at http://www.bohemianlawyers.org/scholarships.html.
NEW! The London Law Consortium Lord Acton Memorial Scholarship
Application Deadline: April 6, 2012
The London Law Consortium is a member of the Association of American Study Abroad programs, and this organization is announcing the Lord Acton Memorial Scholarship which provides financial support to a deserving study abroad student to pursue academic study in the United Kingdom. The $1,000 merit-based scholarship will be awarded to the applicant who demonstrates an understanding and appreciation of the value of an international education experience and who agrees to share with AASAP/UK members the ways in which the scholarship has helped to fulfill academic and personal ambitions. Qualified students who will participate on a study abroad in the United Kingdom offered by a Full or Associate member of AASAP/UK are eligible to apply. Relevant information, including eligibility requirements, instructions, application form and reference form, are posted on the AASAP/UK News page: http://www.aasapuk.org/services/news.php. The application deadline is April 6, 2012.
Polish Women's Civic Club, Inc. Scholarships
Application Deadline: July 1 , 2012
The Polish Women's Civic Club, Inc. is a philanthropic organization of American women of Polish descent interested in discovering the richness of their Polish heritage and sharing it with others. The Club supports educational activities and personal efforts of Polish American students, male and female, through financial scholarships. To qualify for consideration of a scholarship, a student must fulfill the following requirements: be a U.S. citizen; have at least one parent of Polish heritage; be a permanent resident of Illinois; currently enrolled full-time second or third year student attending Chicago area school; have acceptable grades; and demonstrate financial need. For additional application requirements and to apply online please visit www.pwcci.org.
The Robert Masur Fellowship for Civil Liberties
The Robert Masur Fellowship for Civil Liberties is open to current first-year law students. Offered annually by The Nation Institute, it consists of a $1000 honorarium for students�who intend to carry out significant activities during the summer (in between their first and second year) in the areas of civil rights and/or civil liberties. Proposed activities may include a writing or research project, work with a public interest organization in the areas of civil rights or civil liberties, work on a civil rights or civil liberties law case under the supervision of a faculty member or lawyer, or any other work in the areas of civil rights or civil liberties.
Applicants should send a proposal, no more than two pages, describing his or her intended summer project, along with a resume, a brief letter of recommendation, and the name of their faculty or organizational sponsor. All applications must be received by March 23, 2012. For more information about the Fellowship and The Nation Institute, please visit http://www.nationinstitute.org/prizes/1068/the_robert_masur_fellowship_in_civil_liberties/.
Grand Rapids Community Foundation Scholarships
Application Deadline: April 1, 2012
The Grand Rapids Community Foundation administers two scholarship programs funded by local law firms aimed at increasing diversity in all areas of the legal profession.
Miller Johnson West Michigan Diversity Scholarships for minority students are available to students of ethnic minority currently residing in Michigan (with preference given to West Michigan residents) pursuing a law degree at any accredited law school in the United States. One $5,000 scholarship is awarded each year.
Warner Norcross & Judd LLP Scholarships for minority students are awarded to students of racial and ethnic minority heritage pursuing a law degree. One $5,000 scholarship is awarded each year. The law school scholarship is not limited to schools in Michigan; however the applicant must be a current or former resident of Michigan if they are not currently attending a school in Michigan.
Applications and additional information are available online at http://grcf.egrant.org. Online applications must be received no later than 5pm on April 1, 2012.
The Geri and Ron Yonover Fellowship
Application Deadline: March 1, 2012 - Deadline Extended!
The Geri and Ron Yonover Fellowship was established to provide financial assistance to a full-time student who has completed his or her first year of law school and has primary custody of a child or children under the age of fifteen. The $2,000 fellowship will help defray the cost of the recipient's tuition in spring 2012. To apply, applicants should forward a letter of interest, copy of law school transcript, and current resume to the Office of Admissions, ATTN: Karla Davis, email@example.com by March 1, 2012.
The American Association for Justice Auxiliary Scholarship Fund - 2012 Alia Herrera Memorial Scholarship
Application Deadline: May 1, 2012
The American Association for Justice Auxiliary Scholarship Fund announces its 2012 Alia Herrera Memorial Scholarship, in the amount of $3,000. This is open to law students who are entering their second or third year of law school, or have the equivalent of one year to complete. The winning applicant MUST be able to commit to attending the AAJ Auxiliary Luncheon in Chicago, Illinois, on Tuesday, July 31, 2012. Interested applicants should submit the AAJ Auxiliary Scholarship Application by May 1, 2012.
Crusade for Education Financial Aid Program
Application Deadline: April 30, 2012
Students of Polish descent in need of financial aid may apply to the Knights of Dabrowski Crusade for Education program for help. A limited number of scholarships are available on the basis of documented financial need, academic performance and community involvement. Students are eligible to apply who meet the following requirements: full-time student enrolled in law school at a fully accredited college/university in the U.S.; U.S. citizen or documented legal alien of Polish descent; good academic standing and documented financial need; resident of Chicago metropolitan area for at least four years (proof of residency required); and recipient must be able to attend a scheduled interview in late spring/summer and Award Presentation Ceremony in the fall of 2012. To apply, interested students should contact the organization by email at email@example.com or call 773.792.1800 to request an application.
Central Illinois Women's Bar Association Scholarship
Application Deadline: March 9, 2012
The Central Illinois Women's Bar Association is proud to announce its 2012 scholarship opportunity. One $1,500 scholarship will be awarded in 2012. To apply, applicants must be female, enrolled in an accredited law school, and a resident of one of the following Illinois counties upon graduating from high school:
Adams, Brown, Calhoun, Cass, Champaign, Christian, Clark, Coles, Cumberland, DeWitt, Douglas, Edgar, Ford, Greene, Jersey, Livingston, Logan, Macon, Menard, Montgomery, Morgan, Moultrie, Piatt, Pike, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott, Vermilion, and Woodford.
Interested persons must complete the application form, write an essay, provide two letters of recommendation, and law school transcript to Central Illinois Women's Bar Association; Attn: Scholarship Program/RDG; 400 S. Ninth Street, Suite 200; Springfield, IL 62701. For more information about the scholarship, email email@example.com. Applications are available in the Office of Admissions, suite 230.
DuPage Association of Woman Lawyers Judge Helen C. Kinney Award
The DuPage Association of Women Lawyers and the Chair of the Scholarship Committee, announce their annual Judge Helen C. Kinney Scholarship and invite women law students to apply. The scholarship is open to all first, second and third year women law students with a connection to DuPage County. The DAWL application deadline for the 2011-2012 award year has been extended through March 23, 2012.
DuPage County Chapter of the Justinian Society of Lawyers Scholarship
Application Deadline: April 13, 2012
The DuPage County Chapter of the Justinian Society of Lawyers will once again award a scholarship to students of Italian extraction who have completed at least one semester of law school and are currently enrolled in law school. Scholarships range from $1,000 to $5,000. The committee must receive applications and letters of recommendation from law school faculty no later than April 13, 2012 for full consideration. Scholarship recipients will be notified by May 24, 2012. Click here for the 2012 application.
The Darleen J. and Robert L. Walker Scholarship Fund
Application Deadline: June 25 , 2012
The Darleen J. and Robert L. Walker Scholarship Fund is accepting applications for the 2012-2013 academic year. Interested applicants must submit an online application and supply their Student Aid Report or FAFSA documentation. Additional instructions for applying may be obtained on the foundation web site: www.walkerscholarship.org.
Preference will be given to a son or daughter of a member of Masonic Lodge 1098 in Lombard, Illinois, or to former residents of the Masonic Children's Home in La Grange, Illinois, and those from Masonic families. The deadline to apply is June 25, 2012.
The Illinois Government Bar Association Scholarship
The Illinois Government Bar Association serves public interest attorneys throughout the state of Illinois. Members include circuit, appellate and federal judges, as well as practitioners in many State agencies. The association is now accepting applications for its annual scholarship of $750. This scholarship is designed to recognize outstanding commitment and achievement in public interest law. Applications must be postmarked by April 1, 2012 to be considered. Application guidelines are available in the office of admissions, suite 230.
Northwest Suburban Bar Association, Timothy Evans Scholarship
Application Deadline: March 23, 2012
The Northwest Suburban Bar Association Foundation is pleased to announce that they are accepting applications for the "Honorable Timothy C. Evans Scholarship".� The scholarship was established to honor the commitment and dedication that Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Timothy C. Evans has devoted to the Northwest Suburban Bar Association (NWSBA) and the community of Cook County.
The scholarship is offered to currently enrolled law school students who reside in the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division (this includes Lake, Kane, DuPage, Cook, Will, Kendall, Grundy & LaSalle counties). Scholarship awards range from $500 - $2500.
Interested applicants must submit the 2012 application by the March 23rd deadline.
Questions can be directed to the Northwest Suburban Bar Association Foundation at email@example.com or 847-221-2601.
The Women Trial Lawyers Caucus of the American Association for Justice (AAJ), Mike Eidson Scholarship
Application Deadline: May 31, 2012
The Mike Eidson Scholarship Fund was established by the AAJ Women� Trial Lawyers Caucus in 2008, in honor of AAJ Past President Mike Eidson, whose vision and generosity inspired it. �The Scholarship, traditionally given in the amount of $5,000, is awarded annually to a rising 3L (or rising 4L in a night program) female student who has demonstrated a commitment to a career as a trial lawyer, along with dedication to upholding and defending the principles of the Constitution, and to the concept of a fair trial, the adversary system, and a just result for the injured, the accused, and those whose rights are jeopardized.
The application deadline is May 31, 2012 and the Scholarship will be awarded at the AAJ Annual Convention, which will take place this year in July in New York City. For additional information, please see the AAJ Scholarship Application.
ABA Legal Opportunity Scholarship
Application Deadline: March 1, 2012
The ABA Legal Opportunity Scholarship Fund will award $5,000 of financial assistance annually to each scholarship recipient attending an ABA-accredited law school. An award made to an entering first-year student may be renewable for two additional years, resulting in financial assistance totaling $15,000 during his or her time in law school. Recipients will be selected based on their qualifications for the scholarship and not on the law school they plan to attend. Therefore law students applying to any and all-ABA accredited law schools may benefit from these scholarships. The application is available online at http://www.ambar.org/DiversityScholarship. Completed scholarship applications must be postmarked no later than March 1, 2012.
Application Deadline: January 30 and June 30, 2012
The Get Prepped LSAT Prep Law Student Scholarship is available to first, second and third year law students. One or more grants of $1000 are awarded twice yearly. Class rank, degree/major courses, LSAT test scores, best short personal statement and other review factors are used to determine awards. Request a full application packet using the online contact form at the Get Prepped LSAT Prep website www.GetPrepped.com.
The Michigan Auto Law Diversity Scholarship
Michigan Auto Law is pleased to announce the firm's new scholarship program�open to students currently in their first or second year of law school.���The recipient�must be�a member of an ethnic or racial minority or demonstrate a defined commitment to issues of diversity within their academic career.� �One $2,000 scholarship is awarded each year.��Applicants must be a resident of Michigan OR attend a Michigan Law School.
�For more information visit the Opportunities section in the Michigan Auto Law website. (please link to http://www.michiganautolaw.com).
For a complete list of the awards that have been posted
in the 2011-12 Record, click
here. Although the application deadlines for these awards
have already passed, this information can aid you in planning
for next year by assisting you in determining the time of
year that certain awards are typically offered. You
may also access a complete list of the 2010-11 scholarship
notices by clicking here.
If you have been awarded a Chicago-Kent scholarship for
the 2011-12 academic year, please refer to the Scholarship
Policies from the current Student Handbook for important
information concerning your award. Please direct any
questions about your scholarship to the Office
of Admissions, Suite 230.
Main Chicago-Kent event
Academic calendar
CLE calendar
Alumnae/i event calendar
Admissions calendar


text:
BasouKazuma wrote:
I banned logain!!!! lol
If you want me to unban you email my Junk email account [email protected]
But that doesn't actually mean a ban, coz he can come back any time ><!
Should've just been temp banned for 3 days as he stated
( i luv the "Banned!" text above the picture )
member since FOREVER
It is a temp ban. Everyone with any type of ban has that branded above their name.
Former Crunchyroll Employee
so, banning can be played?
^He asked me to ban him, to help him. He thanked me in an email.
I'm sorry lets get back on topic. Well i guess banning him was part of the topic .. but we're straying!
Former Crunchyroll Employee
I have a problem(errr whatever)
Can you help me with this?
simpleyesa wrote:
Who can tutor me with Macromedia flash? I've been studying this stuff for quite sometime but I really wanted to learn deeper. I want an expert to teach me. Stupid fees for flash tutorial are way high.
logain wrote:
Here is my problem, see there is this girl who i like but she wont sleep with me. I tried everything from brute force to force. I stalked her all year long and even killed her old boy-friend so she could have a clear mind. But still she just does not want anything to do with me Is it just because I dont understand women or am I missing something .
a logain, logain, if she still cant see what a gentle, caring boy you are by now, sh'e justt not the girl for you! find someone else.
BasouKazuma wrote:
Come on, anyone with any real problems?
ok, here is my real problem (sorry if i'm double posting)
my older sister who i used to able to rant to when i was upste has gone of to a faraway land called "japan" until next august. my 2 best friends are always fighting or bi****** about someone or or something. friend 1 has severe emotional problems. she is extremely anti-social, stubborn and opininated. best friend b is a whiny crybaby who is extremely popular and smart and usualy pretty much ignors me when we are in school. neither are friends i can givbe up, because dispite everything, i lovew them dearly, but i cant really talk to either of them anymore. i have a lot of other friends that a fun to hang out with, bnut i cant really talk to them about what bothering me. my ex-boyfriend (whom i dumped because i was amarrassed about how affectinate he was in public), whom i still haven gotten over, evern though its been 2 years sice we broke up, is now dating a new friend of mine i pariculy like. i have no other male friend i am even mildly attracted to. i do not express my emotions very well (hardly at all, actualy) so none of my friends or family know how lonely i feel.
what do i do?
ps-yes, this is my actual problem. sorry its so long, i tryed to summarize it.
New manga! Please read and Review! http://redtea-chan.deviantart.com/
It was hard for me to even find what your problem was.
But seriously, this doesnt sound like much of a problem. I sense that you, like 95% of all other people your age, are placing to much importance on dating. In the end he is just a guy who's not right for you. Both of you will go through many changes in the upcoming years and will drift away from each other. So basically, you need to learn to be able to emotionally separate yourself from some people.
Nigima ease up a bit, she's still young. Not a pair of old bumpkins like us.
Former Crunchyroll Employee
Xrn_the_Nigma wrote:
Alright I'll ease up slightly.
Do you remember when you were her age and would maybe (I don't know) complain about little things? I did almost all of the time and then someone showed me that my problems are minute (pronunciation is "my-newt" as in small and tiny) and that no one cares about them. You need to figure out what to do about those problems yourself and stop relying on other people for advice. That will make you a stronger person in the end instead of a weak-willed person.
i know that it seems like i am just being a whiner (and like i said before, i relise that these things really arent important) but how would you feel if there was no one in the world you feel you can talk to?
by the way, if you knew me you would know i never complain like this in the real world.
ps- i already knew what "minute" means, as well as how to pronounce it.
New manga! Please read and Review! http://redtea-chan.deviantart.com/
gosh Xrn! Stop bashing the girl.
ok... thanks! ^^,
i will try to do some of that, although as for drop kicking friend B, that is a no-no, because when we are hanging out in a non-school setting she is still the same sweetheart who has been like a sister to me since pre-school. but anyway, thank you for your advice. i'm goin' to bed now.
g'night! ^^
New manga! Please read and Review! http://redtea-chan.deviantart.com/
Xrn_the_Nigma wrote:
I'm not "bashing" (are you serious) her and it would be quite apparent if I was. I'm just trying to help her out in the best possible way that I know of. If I seem like a prick then you can take it that way but it's not my intention to do so.
Be thankful she's nice.
Cos if she's not you'll be in mess.
*you're flaming Xrn... CHILL!
ooops! Chill! We're not enemies Xrn and you can't just ignore, coz I'm always around.
Personal Advice please:
How to deal with someone's tantrums?
Back hand slap the culprit.
Repeat if necessary.
Former Crunchyroll Employee
I got a problem for you guys. I just lost $200 at Yonkers Raceway yesterday with my uncle. I didn't want to go, but he convinced me because we were in the area.
Now, I wish to hire a hitman to assassinate this guy, any takers?
cbisram wrote:
I got a problem for you guys. I just lost $200 at Yonkers Raceway yesterday with my uncle. I didn't want to go, but he convinced me because we were in the area.
Now, I wish to hire a hitman to assassinate this guy, any takers?
Hiring a hitman is more than losing $200.


text:
Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita's office earns international award for Business Services Division online portal
May 25, 2010
Secretary Rokita's Business Services Division earns second international award in three years
(Indianapolis)- Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita's Business Services Division won the 2010 Merit Award earlier this week, an honor bestowed by the International Association of Commercial Administrators (IACA) for programs that improve efficiency and customer service in government administration.
"When we designed the online portal, we spoke with Hoosiers business owners about how the Business Services Division can provide better, faster and cheaper service," Rokita said. "The result is an award-winning online service that empowers more entrepreneurs to do business in Indiana with minimal interference from state government."
Secretary Rokita's Business Services Division was honored for its efforts to make available online more than 6.5 million images of corporate documents, business filings and other registrations on file with the office. The images are accessible instantly, 24 hours a day and free of charge through the online portal found at www.sos.in.gov/business.
These document filings, specifically accessed hundreds of times a day by the legal and financial communities, along with the businesses themselves, were previously available only in person at the Business Services Division in Indianapolis or through the mail. These document images are commonly accessed to research the names and addresses of the principal officers of a business, for use in mergers and acquisitions or in the pursuit of capital to allow businesses to grow.
"The ability to search corporate document images online has been a tremendous help to my business," said Ned Dragic, facilities manager at Riley Bennett & Egloff in Indianapolis. "I have been able to find the information I need quickly and easily, simply by searching the online database."
Secretary Rokita's Business Services Division launched the online portal in 2007 to allow most new Indiana businesses to be chartered with the Secretary of State quickly and conveniently online.
In 2008, the Business Services Division won the IACA Merit Award for developing a system through the online portal where new businesses can be registered online.
The IACA Merit Award was presented May 24 at the IACA Annual Conference in Austin, Texas.
Media contact: Jim Gavin, 317.233.8655 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Download the photo from the award ceremony. From left to right, Liz Keele, director of the Business Services Division; Randy Moes, president of IACA; Beth Swindle, deputy director of the Business Services Division.


text:
Earth Hour 2012: More Than 120 Rezidor Hotels Participating
March 30, 2012 // Franchising.com // Brussels - More than 120 Radisson Blu- and Park Inn by Radisson hotels across Europe, the Middle East and Africa participate in Earth Hour 2012: This coming Saturday at 8:30 pm they turn off their non-essential lights and other electrical appliances in order to raise awareness for the need to take action against climate change.
Earth Hour is an environmental initiative organized by WWF (World Wildlife Fund). It started in 2007 in Sydney, and soon became a global event. In 2012, households, businesses and governments in more than 5,200 cities in 135 countries worldwide will participate in Earth Hour.
Rezidor hotels take the opportunity to engage guests, employees and business partners during Earth Hour and arrange special events in the dark. The Radisson Blu Diplomat Hotel in Manama/Bahrain for example will organize a lecture with an environmental specialist. The guests of Radisson Blu Resort El Quseir/Egypt and Radisson Blu Gewandhaus Hotel, Dresden/Germany, will enjoy a candlelight dinner. The luxurious Radisson Royal Hotel, Moscow/Russia will totally switch off lights on its impressive historical façade.
"Earth Hour is an excellent opportunity to raise awareness and engage guests in Rezidor's energy saving initiatives", said Inge Huijbrechts, Director Responsible Business at Rezidor. "We clearly support WWF to go 'Beyond the Hour' and continue energy saving initiatives as part of our award winning Responsible Business programme."
This long-standing and company-wide programme is based on three pillars: health & safety for guests and employees; respect for social & ethical issues within the company and community; and a reduced impact on theenvironment. In early 2012, Rezidor also launched "Think Planet", an ambitious energy saving initiative which aims to save 25% on energy consumption by 2016.
About The Rezidor Hotel Group
The Rezidor Hotel Group is one of the most dynamic and fastest growing hotel companies in the world. The group currently features a portfolio of 425 hotels with 93,000 rooms in operation and under development in 65 countries across Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Rezidor operates the core brands Radisson Blu and Park Inn by Radisson – as well as Hotel Missoni, a new lifestyle brand which is developed worldwide following a licence agreement with the iconic Italian fashion house Missoni.
Rezidor is part of the Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group, one of the world's ten largest hotel groups. Rezidor's long-standing, wide-ranging and award winning Responsible Business programme contributed to the group being named one of the World's Most Ethical Companies in 2012 for the third year.
For further information, visit www.rezidor.com and www.carlsonrezidor.com
Christiane Reiter
Director Corporate Communications
+32 2 702 9331
Inge Huijbrechts
Director Responsible Business
+32 2 702 9295


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If you already made a purchaseContact Customer Service for order status and other after-sales issues.
If you are considering a purchasechat with Online Sales for more information before your purchase! Start Online Chat
> Optional Equipment
> Printing machine
> RSM-IJP-V70 Ink-jet printing machine
Tips: You can get the PDF format profile of the machine in this page by clicking the link here . If you need more of others, please go to the specific download page to obtain.
© 2005-2018 RS Automation Copyright, All Rights Reserved.


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If you are using Internet Explorer, right-click the download link and select "save target as".
Features of the Standback
- Lightweight and durable - Weighs less than a pound, and new 'ribbed' design will support amps up to 100 lbs.
- Amp stays on floor maintaining your low end (Coupling effect)
- Folds flat to fit in your gig bag or in the back of most amps
- Adjustable amp angle


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Admission to the Social Work Major
The Social Work Major is open to qualified students who have liberal arts backgrounds and who are committed to developing professional social work knowledge, values and skills.
A student electing the Social Work Major must qualify for regular admission to the College. However, admission to Nyack College does not guarantee admission to the Social Work major.
Criteria for admission to the Social Work Major are:
1. Academic achievement that includes:
a) Completion of a substantial portion (approximately 50 credit hours) of the Nyack College core curriculum and most prerequisites.
b) A minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.5.
2. Submission of departmental application
3. Emotional stability to deal with emotional stress in himself/herself as well as in others.
4. Intellectual capacity to think conceptually and analytically.
5. Physical health and vigor that provide energy to handle a rigorous academic schedule and field practicum.
Students should apply in their sophomore year during the spring semester. The deadline to submit applications is the first Monday in March. There is no admission to the Social Work major during the Fall semester.
Application Materials:
- Social Work Major Application Form
- Personal Essay
- One copy of current transcript
Please submit applications to:
Percelene MCLain (NYC Campus) Dr. Carol Awasu (Rockland Campus)
2 Washington Street, 20th fl., Rm. 2022 1 South Boulevard
New York, NY 10004 Betty Knopp Bldg. – Rm. 1A
Nyack, NY 10960-3698
The applicant's file will be reviewed by a designated Social Work faculty member. The faculty member may request additional information or/and an interview with the student for more information. The applicant will be notified by the Social Work Department of the faculty's decision in writingby May 1st.


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Car Deals
Luxury Car Deals: October 2013
Many popular luxury cars are available in October with strong incentives and special offers from automakers. We've listed some of our favorite luxury car deals for shoppers interested in getting the best possible price on a new luxury vehicle.
Audi A6
The Audi A6 is a midsize luxury sedan with available front- or all-wheel drive. In October, it's offered with a few incentives -- especially for shoppers interested in the 240-horsepower 3.0 TDI diesel model. Through the end of the month, shoppers can get up to $1,500 cash back on that trim level. For qualified buyers looking to finance, Audi is also offering a good deal this month: interest rates as low as 1.9 percent for up to 36 months. Interestingly, that deal is offered on the fuel-efficient diesel model only, meaning you'll save money when you buy -- and at the pump.
Hyundai Equus
The full-size Hyundai Equus is a large luxury sedan that competes with flagship models from brands such as Mercedes-Benz and Lexus. In October, drivers can get a good deal on the Equus, whether they're looking to lease or pay with cash. For cash buyers, Hyundai is offering up to $1,000 back on the 2014 Equus. Shoppers who would rather lease get an even better deal. Through the end of the month, qualified drivers can get a 48-month lease with payments starting at $775 per month -- a big number, but far less than lease deals many rivals offer. Best of all, that deal is available with nothing down at lease signing.
Lexus GS
The Lexus GS is a midsize luxury sport sedan offered with rear- or all-wheel drive. In October, it's also offered with strong incentives whether shoppers are looking to finance the sedan or lease it. For drivers who want to lease, Lexus is offering an attractive 27-month term on the 2013 GS 350 AWD. That deal requires $3,568 down at lease signing but boasts payments from $469 per month. Qualified drivers looking to finance also get a good deal: Through the end of the month, Lexus is offering all GS models with interest rates as low as 1.9 percent for up to 60 months. It may not be a 0 percent offer, but it's still a good deal since low-interest offers from Lexus are rare.
Mercedes-Benz CLA
The all-new Mercedes CLA is an entry-level luxury sedan that breaks tradition with usual Mercedes models by offering front-wheel drive. Although it's new for 2014, the CLA is already available with a strong lease deal to help start sales on a good note. Through the end of the month, drivers interested in a CLA can lease the sedan for 36 months with payments starting at $329 per month. While that deal requires $3,623 down at signing, it's cheaper than the $4,043 down and $349 per month payments on the larger, rear-wheel-drive C250 sedan.
Volvo S60
The Volvo S60 is an entry-level luxury sedan with sporty turbocharged engines and available all-wheel drive. In October, drivers can take advantage of several good lease deals on each 2013 S60 trim level. The best deal is on a base-level S60 T5. Through the end of the month, shoppers can get a 24-month lease on that model with payments starting at just $279 per month. While that figure requires $1,879 down at lease signing, it offers up to $3,000 in options allowances. Shoppers who would prefer all-wheel drive can get the same deal, though monthly payments start at $319.
What it means to you: Many great incentives are available on upscale models this month, as we've highlighted in our list of luxury car deals.


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For adventurous kids who want to go, go, go! This battery-powered quad looks like the real thing, but reaches a maximum speed of two miles per hour, just right for the drive way or back yard. Kids will like theses realistic features: forward and reverse driving, working headlights and taillights, and horn. Ages 3-6.
Dimensions: 37.5 x 26.5 x 28.75 inches. Supports weight up to 66 pounds. Operates with 1.6-volt rechargeable battery. Horn requires 3 AA batteries, not included.
WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD--Small parts. Not for children under 3 years.


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The retail sector is starting the year off on the right foot with sales jumping 1.1% in February, according to the Commerce Department, and experts say consumers can expect more deals as spring approaches.
Continue Reading Below
Technology advances will continue to change how consumers shop, according to Fiona Dias, chief strategy officer of deal finder ShopRunner.com. She points to the release of the latest Samsung Galaxy tablet and other new smartphones with larger screens that will make mobile shopping and deal finding easier.
"This encourages multimedia buying on tablets and phones," she says. "It's fueling an 'always-on' behavior so people are looking at deals all day and even in bed at night."
Game consoles are also stepping up their ability to coincide with the world of ecommerce, she says. The newest Xbox and PlayStation games incorporate advertisements into their platforms. Social media is also getting in on this trend, with Facebook and Twitter building models that influence consumers.
"Now you can see that your two best friends like something, and that may tell you what or where to buy," Dias says.
If February's retail trend continues, consumers will be opening their wallets with greater frequency as the weather turns warmer. Here are several items consumers can expect to find deals on this spring:
Luggage. Lindsay Sakraida, features director at dealnews.com, says luggage sales always pick up ahead of spring breaks and summer vacation plans.
"We see retailers try to capitalize on the moods within consumers who are planning trips," she says. "There have been deals for the past few years through March and the spring online, in department stores and even in budget stores."
Toys and games. Last year, Toys 'R' Us had its "Christmas in July" sale, and this year Burt Flickinger, managing director of consumer goods consulting firm Strategic Resource, says toy sales will come even earlier in the season.
"The toy industry is really struggling, so over the next quarter you will see more of those toys and video games discounted," he says.
Electronics. Consumers can expect significant price cuts on big-screen TVs in the coming months. Sakraida says those who don't want to wait for Black Friday to buy a new unit should consider purchasing in the spring.
"2013 models will be making their way into stores, so there will be all-time-low prices," she says. "You can save even more on plasma screen TVs, they are almost as energy efficient as LCD models but come in at lower price points."
Spring apparel. The later into the season, the lower prices will go on the latest spring fashion, Sakraida says.
Flickinger says the discounts consumers will experience this season are driven in part to JCPenney (NYSE:JCP). "The cash flow situation becomes more concerning so these competitors have been pounding the pavement. As soon as JCPenney starts a promotional price war, Macy's (NYSE:N), the Gap (NYSE:TGT), Target (NYSE:TGT) and the Limited (NYSE:LTD) will respond very aggressively."


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Artist Spotlight: Roddy McLean
It's not uncommon for tattooers to offer free tattoos to clients who are willing to take or to leave the design presented by the artist, and with free rein, he or she is able to experiment and evolve a personal tattoo style. It's this process -- and trust -- that is often cited when talking about tattooing rising to the level of "a fine art."
Tattooer Roddy McLean of Timeless Tattoo in Glasgow, Scotland is skilled in a variety of tattoo genres, although particularly influenced by Japanese traditions in his tattooing. However, when he wanted to create tattoo designs based around the concept of "dissolution," and put into skin the drawings he had been doing of dissolving images, Roddy decided that he would offer one free tattoo a month through the year to clients willing to accept, as is, his artwork on their bodies. Roddy explains, "By doing this it gives me a break from being the dancing monkey that tattooing makes you." And clients jumped at the chance. He's already booked every month until the end of the year.
The tattoos shown here are part of Roddy's dissolution project. Check more on his blog.
Roddy also put together a video art project, shown below, which explores dissolution themes and also offers a glimpse into the tattoo process of the sleeve featured in this post.
abstract tattoo
Roddy McLean Tattoo
Timeless Tattoo


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product description
Related Products:
Kumagoro "Hammer Finished"
Carbon Steel
Artisan Made
Blade Style - San Mai
Carbon Steel - V2
Granton Edge
Japanese/Asian Knives
Petit Gyuto
Utility and Fruit Knives
Wood - Ho Wood
Right Handed Knives
Double Bevel
Maker: Kumagoro (click to see more by this maker)
Price: $143.90
Item num: 83668
Blade length: 5.37 in.Total length: 10.50 in.Blade height (at heel): 1.64 in.Blade thickness (near bolster): 0.18 in.Item weight: 3.84 oz.Shipment weight: 6.32 oz.Blade: V2 forged between two layers of low carbon steel, tempered to 62-63 HrcBolster: Molded ferruleHandle: Ho wood
Description: Petit gyuto hocho, meaning small slicing knife, are a great general purpose utility knife for tasks around the kitchen. The taller blade on this petit gyuto provides finger clearance while chopping over a cutting board and makes it very useful and versatile from slicing fruit to chopping garlic.
The blade is forged from Takefu V2, among the most prized of carbon steels. Tempered to 62 - 63 Hrc, this steel has exceptional edge holding and takes a keen edge. This center core is forged between two layers of mild steel. The surface is hammer finished so that food does not stick to the sides of the knife while slicing. Because the blades are forged from carbon steel, rather than stainless steel, they require minimal additional care to prevent corrosion and staining, but have a far keener edge than their stainless counterparts.
The right-handed 'D' shape handle fits comfortably and securely in the hand and is best used by a right handed user. It is formed from ho wood, the traditional wood for Japanese handles. This wood, which is a relative of magnolia, holds up extremely well in the harsh environment of the kitchen. Each knife is sent in a nice gift box.
Availability: In stock. Usually ships in 1-2 business days


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White House: We Will Not Support An ITU Treaty That Blurs Telecom Infrastructure With The Info That Crosses Over It
from the good-for-them dept
But we should not confuse telecommunications infrastructure with the information that traverses it. The global consensus for a free and open Internet is overwhelming. Millions in the United States and around the world have already added their voices to this conversation, and their position is clear: they do not want the WCIT to govern the Internet or legitimize more state control over online content. Our Administration could not agree more – and will not support a treaty that sets that kind of precedent.This is the key point. Many in the ITU seem to want to blur the distinction between the infrastructure itself and the information that runs over it. They believe that their mandate over "telecommunications" includes the specific "communications" that run over those networks. That's a massive rewriting of history. Their mandate is supposed to be focused on the technological infrastructure, rather than how it is used.


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HUGMECompany Name : HUGME Company Description : This should be 'About we' since HUGME.in is revolutionary shopping destination built based on an innovative shopping model called Mutual Shopping.Through this model everyone shopping in www.hugme.in makes money. Company Url : www.hugme.in
Eugene SellaCompany Name : Eugene Sella Company Description : EugeneSella started from mid 2012. Eugene is the "financial provider" and Sella is the "runner". We begin our small online business by selling car accessories. Company Url : www.eugenesella.com
Trade in TownCompany Name : Trade in Town Company Description : Company Url : www.tradeintown.com
Q2RCompany Name : Q2R Company Description : Company Url : www.q2r.dk
Property VoucherCompany Name : Property Voucher Company Description : Property Voucher is the catalyst that brings off-the-plan real estate buyers together with developers on the launch of any new project, when plans, details and a price list are released. Company Url : propertyvoucher.com
My PartyCompany Name : My Party Company Description : Hong Kong is a fast paced city where you can find just about anything under the sun… you just can't find them all in one place or within easy reach. Company Url : www.mypartyhk.net
LAXCompany Name : LAX Company Description : Our products are designed to meet your everyday needs. With over fifteen years of experience in the cell phone industry, we design our products with the customer in mind. We understand how personal your cellphone is, and we design our products to protect them with style. Company Url […]
Konxept LivingCompany Name : Konxept Living Company Description : True to Konxept Living's tagline, we are here to Improve Your Life. Our furniture designs are designed to be modernist, and neutral enough in order to avoid nationality and cultural preferences. And on top of keeping up with good designs, we also do keep up with the […]
Glenburn Fine TeaCompany Name : Glenburn Fine Tea Company Description : Glenburn Direct is a proprietary Internet business model set up by the Prakash family, a dynasty with a 100-year tradition in growing and manufacturing tea. Company Url : glenburnfinetea.com
Discount SparkyCompany Name : Discount Sparky Company Description : Company Url : discountsparky.com
CottontaillivingCompany Name : Cottontailliving Company Description : Company Url : cottontailliving.com
Centura PharmaceuticalsCompany Name : Centura Pharmaceuticals Company Description : Centura Pharmaceuticals in collaboration with leading, highly qualified pharmacists has embarked on the development of high quality consumer products with effective outcomes for various common conditions. Company Url : centurapharma.com


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Highway 5
South on Victoria Drive/Cty 11 - 2.2 miles
West on Red Fox Drive
Turn right on to Lakeside Drive
The model will be on your left
For detailed directions, enter "Lennar at Laketown" in Google Maps.
Plans and elevations are rendering and may contain options, which are not standard on all models. Lennar reserves the right to make changes to these floor plans, specifications, dimensions and elevations without prior notice. Stated dimensions and square footage are approximate and should not be used as representation of the home's Precise or actual size. Any statement, verbal or written, regarding "under air" or "finished area" or any other description or modifier of the square footage size of any home is a shorthand description of the manner in which the square footage was estimated and should not be constructed to indicate certainty. map is not to scale.
Lennar reserves the right to change or withdraw any offer at any time. Prices subject to change without notice. See a Lennar new home consultant for furthur information.
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