text:
ROME (AP) Rafael Nadal was pushed to three sets for the second consecutive match before ultimately prevailing on Thursday to set up an Italian Open quarterfinal against Andy Murray.
The top-ranked Nadal dropped behind a set and a break against Mikhail Youzhny of Russia, then took 11 of the final 12 games to win 6-7 (4), 6-2, 6-1 on another windy day at the Foro Italico.
''Get used to (it),'' Nadal said of his recent struggles. ''With the years that's the normal thing. Everybody suffers. That's part of the sport.''
At 27, Nadal's best days could be behind him.
''At this age, (Bjorn) Borg was doing other things,'' said Nadal, a 13-time Grand Slam winner. ''It's not possible to win for 10 years with easy scores and easy matches. At the same time, I'm sure I can do much better than I am doing.''
Nadal was looking forward to facing Murray for the first time in more than two years.
''I play against one of the top players in the world after two tough days,'' Nadal said. ''If I play well I'm going to have my chances, if not I'm going to spend the weekend (at home) in Mallorca.''
Murray eliminated Jurgen Melzer of Austria 7-6 (1), 6-4 to celebrate his 27th birthday, and Novak Djokovic fell behind 4-0 in the opening set before rallying for a 4-6, 6-2, 6-1 win over Philipp Kohlschreiber.
In an upset, the seemingly ageless Tommy Haas beat third-seeded Stanislas Wawrinka 5-7, 6-2, 6-3.
On the women's side, Maria Sharapova's 12-match winning streak - which included titles in Stuttgart and Madrid - ended with a 6-1, 6-4 loss to Ana Ivanovic.
Showing no signs of trouble from the left thigh injury that forced her to withdraw from Madrid, defending champion Serena Williams cruised past fellow American Varvara Lepchenko 6-1, 6-2.
Pushed for three hours by Gilles Simon to nearly midnight a day earlier, Nadal didn't generate the usual depth with his groundstrokes, and began to take control only when Youzhny started committing more unforced errors.
''The conditions were very impossible,'' said Nadal, a seven-time Rome champion. ''You always have to find the positive thing. I was able to play with the right motivation even if the feeling was not perfect.''
Nadal consistently ran around his backhand, a shot that also caused him concern in recent losses to David Ferrer and Nicolas Almagro in Monte Carlo and Barcelona, respectively. Of Nadal's 29 winners, only two of them came with his backhand.
Haas, the oldest player in the draw at 36, used his expertise to give Wawrinka trouble with heavy topspin.
Haas last beat a top-10 player more than a year ago in Miami, where he took out then-No. 1 Novak Djokovic.
''These things don't happen too often anymore, so when I take them I'm really proud of them,'' the German said. He has been winning this week in Rome for the first time since he lost the 2002 final to Andre Agassi.
Wawrinka cited a back injury that occurred in colder conditions during his opening win.
''I couldn't move too well,'' he said. ''It's really nothing serious. It's just painful and I need some rest - maybe a few days.''
Wawrinka has made a great start by winning the Australian Open and the Monte Carlo Masters but another early exit in last week's Madrid Open leaves his form in question with the French Open starting in 10 days.
Haas' quarterfinal opponent will be Grigor Dimitrov, who at 22 is the youngest player in the top 20. Dimitrov rallied past sixth-seeded Tomas Berdych 6-7 (3), 6-2, 6-2.
Fifth-seeded David Ferrer beat Ernests Gulbis of Latvia 6-2, 6-3 and will meet Djokovic.
Also, eighth-seeded Milos Raonic defeated 11th-seeded Jo-Wilfried Tsonga 7-6 (5), 6-4, and will next face Jeremy Chardy, the Frenchman who eliminated Ivan Dodig of Croatia 6-3, 6-2 a day after putting out Roger Federer.
In other women's play, second-seeded Li Na defeated Sam Stosur 6-3, 6-1 and will next meet Sara Errani of Italy, who kept the crowd content by beating Czech qualifier Petra Cetkovska 6-4, 7-6 (3).
Also, third-seeded Agnieszka Radwanska eliminated Francesca Schiavone 6-4, 6-1, and will play 2007 and 2008 Rome champion Jelena Jankovic, who got by Flavia Pennetta 6-2, 6-3.
Follow Andrew Dampf at http://twitter.com/asdampf


text:
01-18-2013 by
It was held on Saturday, January 12, 2013 at the New Life Family Center on Central Avenue in Chicago. McCormick's Center worked in collaboration with 14 organizations and agencies to produce this conference which featured eight workshops between 8:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Experts offered workshops on legal aspects of immigration, detention and deportation; available social and economic services and pastoral care.
Among the participants were McCormick professors Ken Sawyer and Deborah Kapp. Dr. Sawyer said, "It was a great all-day program, full of practical help for families struggling to cope with current deportation programs. I was particularly impressed with work of the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (ICIRR), and I was glad to hear McCormick alums Felicia Roman and Carrie Fox right where we often find our graduates: on the front lines in ministry and advocacy."
Dr. Kapp added, "I met new people, found inspiration, broadened my understanding of immigrant rights networks, and learned some hands-on, practical helps for immigrants and their families. I thought it was a great day!"
The focal point of the conference was a scripture from Leviticus 19:34: Any immigrant who lives with you must be treated as if they were one of your citizens. You must love them as yourself, because you were immigrants in the land of Egypt; I am the LORD your God. McCormick President Frank Yamada reminded conference participants of the significance of the scripture in his remarks.
Sponsoring organizations were: Centro Familiar Vida Nueva, Chicago New Sanctuary Coalition at Chicago Religious Leadership Network, Seminario Biblico Hispano, Asociacion Ministerial de Chicago, Asociacion Latinoamericana de Ministros Evangelicos, Latino Empowerment Association of Pastors (LEAP), UNICAP, The Albert "Pete" Pero, Jr. Multicultural Center at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, CALOR, a division of Anixter Center which provides services to Latino/as with disabilities including HIV/AIDS, Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (ICIRR), La Red de Oracion, First Congregational Church of Chicago United Church of Christ, Asociacion Evangelistica de Chicago e Internacional (AECI) and Advanced Latin@Theological Education (ALTE) at Seminary Consortium for Urban Pastoral Education (SCUPE).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It is thought that behaviourally flexible species will be able to cope with novel and rapidly changing environments associated with human activity. However, it is unclear whether such environments are selecting for increases in behavioural plasticity, and whether some species show more pronounced evolutionary changes in plasticity. To test whether anthropogenic environments are selecting for increased behavioural plasticity within species, we measured variation in relative cranial capacity over time and space in 10 species of mammals. We predicted that urban populations would show greater cranial capacity than rural populations and that cranial capacity would increase over time in urban populations. Based on relevant theory, we also predicted that species capable of rapid population growth would show more pronounced evolutionary responses. We found that urban populations of two small mammal species had significantly greater cranial capacity than rural populations. In addition, species with higher fecundity showed more pronounced differentiation between urban and rural populations. Contrary to expectations, we found no increases in cranial capacity over time in urban populations—indeed, two species tended to have a decrease in cranial capacity over time in urban populations. Furthermore, rural populations of all insectivorous species measured showed significant increases in relative cranial capacity over time. Our results provide partial support for the hypothesis that urban environments select for increased behavioural plasticity, although this selection may be most pronounced early during the urban colonization process. Furthermore, these data also suggest that behavioural plasticity may be simultaneously favoured in rural environments, which are also changing because of human activity.
1. Introduction
From climate change to invasive species, humans are responsible for rapid and extreme environmental change, and biologists are increasingly interested in predicting how organisms will respond to such novel and rapidly changing environments [1,2]. Plasticity in the development and expression of behaviour allows animals to rapidly adjust to environmental variation [3,4], suggesting that species with high behavioural plasticity may cope best with human-induced rapid environmental change. Indeed, species with relatively larger brains are more likely to survive after introduction to a new region [5,6] or increase in abundance in the face of anthropogenic environmental changes [7]. The importance of behavioural plasticity for success in human-altered environments should be especially pronounced in cities, which represent some of the most extreme novel environments that organisms are faced with today [8]. Research suggests that species or lineages with relatively larger brains can better cope with urban and suburban environments [9,10] (but see [11,12]). Larger brains may facilitate innovative, novel behaviour that allows animals to survive in cities [13], such as exploiting new food resources, avoiding or ignoring novel predators [14–16], and adjusting signals in the face of noise [17,18].
While we have evidence that species with enhanced behavioural plasticity thrive in human-dominated areas, we know little about whether such environments are a significant selective force within species. Are urban populations of animals adapting to increased demands on cognition? There is evidence that urban populations of some animals have adapted to pollutants [19], and have evolved differences in foraging morphology [20] and mobility [21,22], but it is unclear whether they are also adapting to the novel behavioural challenges associated with living near humans. Alternatively, it is possible that only those groups with relatively large brains can invade cities in the first place, such that selection on plasticity is stronger between species than within species. If animals are showing adaptive evolution of behavioural plasticity in anthropogenic environments, it would also be informative to know which species are showing the most pronounced evolutionary responses. Empirical and theoretical work suggest that both large population size and the potential for rapid population growth increase the likelihood that a species will show rapid evolutionary response to novel, anthropogenic environments, also known as 'evolutionary rescue' [23–28]. This mechanism suggests that species with high fecundity may show greater evolutionary changes in cognition in response to urban environments. At the same time, there is often thought to be a negative correlation between such 'fast' life-history traits and cognition [29,30], suggesting that such species may be unable to invade urban environments in the first place. Thus, it is an open question as to what life-history traits are associated with evolutionary changes in cognition in novel environments such as cities.
This research focused on the hypothesis that urban environments are selecting for increased behavioural plasticity by studying variation in cognition over time and space. We focused on mammals because skulls are readily available on a range of museum specimens, and external measures of skulls reflect relative cranial capacity [31], a commonly used proxy for overall cognitive abilities [32]. We compared variation in cranial capacity over a 100 year period in both rural and urban populations in Minnesota, a state where the majority of the human population (about 75%) have been concentrated in one large urban area (the Twin Cities) in recent history (about 150 years). We tested two predictions of the hypothesis that urban environments are selecting for increased cognition. First, we predicted that cranial capacity would be larger in urban populations relative to rural populations of the same species. Second, we predicted that cranial capacity would increase over time in response to increasing human development, but that this increase would be most pronounced in urban populations relative to rural populations. We tested one prediction of the hypothesis that evolutionary changes in cognition would be most pronounced in species capable of rapid population growth. In particular, we predicted that species with higher fecundity (more litters and greater litter size) would show more pronounced differences in cranial capacity between urban and rural populations.
2. Material and methods
(a) Selection of specimens
From the database for University of Minnesota's Bell Museum mammal collection (more than 19 000 specimens), we tallied the total number of individuals of each species in urban and rural counties of Minnesota. We focused on Ramsey and Hennepin counties as our urban counties, but also included specimens from Anoka, Dakota and Washington counties, if specimens were listed as collected in areas near population centres. We excluded specimens collected in or adjacent to other large metropolitan areas in Minnesota (in particular, Duluth and Rochester). We focused on species with at least 20 specimens available from urban areas, totalling 10 different species from several different families (see the electronic supplementary material).
We aimed to measure 40 specimens from each species (20 each from urban and rural populations). While making measurements, we eliminated damaged and incomplete skeletons, in addition to juvenile specimens, given that cranial capacity changes over development [33]. Thus, for some species, we ended up with fewer than the 20 individuals per population that we aimed to measure (see the electronic supplementary material). To control for variation in sample size across species, we ran power analyses for analyses that did not find significant differences between populations. In particular, we focused on the 'least significant number', or the sample size required for a statistically significant result, given the data structure is comparable for the larger sample. After testing our focal predictions that cranial capacity would vary between populations and over time, we added more specimens to the analysis to test some follow-up predictions (see the electronic supplementary material). In particular, we measured more specimens from rural populations to test whether observed changes in cranial capacity over time varied between lineages and between areas seeing more or less agricultural expansion.
(b) Cranial capacity measurements
To estimate cranial capacity of specimens, three external measurements were recorded (length, height and width of the neurocranium). We used external neurocranium measurements used in past studies that are highly correlated with braincase volume in at least three orders of mammals [31,34,35]. The length was measured from the nasal/frontal suture to the top of the foramen magnum. The width was measured from the widest part of the parietal and squamosal bones. The height was measured from the basisphenoid to the highest point on the top of the cranium, excluding the sagittal crest when present. We used external neurocranium measurements because many of the museum specimens were small, old and fragile, and we did not want to damage the research specimens by using lead shot. All measurements were done by a single person (N.W.) using electronic digital callipers. Each measurement was performed once. All body measurements and additional information were recorded from each specimen's skin label. The complete dataset is available on Dryad (doi:10.5061/dryad.vn5sq).
To test for repeatability, several months after taking the original measurements, three specimens of each species were chosen randomly and re-measured. The difference between the two sets of measurements ranged from 3 to 9% (mean = 6%). We were interested in whether this repeatability may have influenced our analyses. For one of the smaller, more difficult species to measure (Peromyscus leucopus), we repeated all measurements three times (separated by at least 1 min). An ANOVA showed significant variation between individuals, despite the measurement error (R2 = 0.97, F49,100 = 74.6, p < 0.0001). However, measurements repeated within a day were more highly correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.94, p < 0.0001) than those repeated across a several-month period (Spearman's ρ = 0.71, p < 0.0001). To test for the effects of low repeatability across months, we repeated the analyses reported below for P. leucopus, using mean cranial capacity as a function of both the original measurements and those repeated months later—despite the variation, we still found a significant effect of population on cranial capacity, controlling for year and body size (e.g. population effect: F1,46 = 5.28, p = 0.02). Taken together, these analyses of repeatability suggest that our results are conservative—there may be additional significant differences between populations that we did not detect due to high variation across measurements.
We estimated relative cranial capacity as the product of our length, height and width neurocranium measurements, controlling for body size by including body size as a predictor in every statistical model constructed (see below for details). Past studies have found that the highest correlation between external neurocranium measurements and internal measurements of cranial capacity are linear combinations of length, width and height [31,34]. The relative importance of these three parameters for determining volumes varies between orders (depending on the shape of the head): for example, neurocranium length and width are highly correlated with cranial capacity in Artiodactyla, while height and width are highly correlated with cranial capacity in Carnivora [31,34]. However, our analyses make no direct comparisons of volume between species, only comparisons in volume over time and space within species, allowing us to focus on a simple product of the three neurocranial measures.
(c) Controlling for body size and sex
We used total body length, tail length and hindfoot length (taken from skin measurements or measured by hand when absent) as a measure of body size. We ran a principal component analysis on these three variables for each species considered. In general, for all focal species, these variables were positively correlated and the first principal component (PC1) accounted for, on average, 58% of the variation. Results did not qualitatively change when other measures of body size were used (such as total length or hindfoot length alone). We controlled for body size by including this PC1 as a predictor variable in all statistical models constructed. The majority of species showed no significant variation in body size (PC1) across populations or over years, suggesting that temporal changes in body size [36] were not confounding the analysis. There were two exceptions to this observation—Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, which showed body size variation between populations, and Myotis lucifugus, which showed body size variation across years. To prevent this size variation from confounding our results, for these species, we included size-by-year or size-by-population interactions in models, where appropriate. We focused on this model-based method of controlling for body size because using ratios of cranial capacity to body size are wrought with interpretation issues [37]. However, because controlling for body size in different ways can lead to different conclusions about brain evolution [38], we repeated the analyses using the residuals of body size–cranial capacity regressions, and found no qualitative differences with reported results.
We did not include sex in our final analyses for two reasons. First, sex was unknown for 20% of specimens measured. Second, for those specimens where sex was known, there was no significant effect of sex on cranial capacity and the addition of sex into models did not qualitatively change the results.
(d) Comparative analysis of life-history traits
We took life-history data typical for Minnesota populations of the species studied from Hazard [39]. Specifically, we took data on the highest number of offspring (per litter) and largest number of litters (per year) that were typical for a species. For instance, if a species was reported as having 'generally 4–5 litters but sometimes 6 per year', we recorded '5' as the maximum litter number. We treat fecundity as a species-typical trait, and assume that it is the same across urban and rural populations. However, it is important to keep in mind that urban populations may have higher fecundity, although it is unclear whether this effect would vary across species.
We tested for effects of phylogeny on the relationship across species between life-history traits and cranial capacity differences between populations. Our phylogeny (see the electronic supplementary material) was based on phylogenies for relationships between mammal orders [40,41], within Rodentia [42,43] and within murid rodents [44,45]. We used phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) within R to estimate the effect of phylogeny [46,47]. Model selection, using sample-size-corrected Akaike's information criterion (AICc), was used to determine the appropriateness of correcting for phylogeny. As detailed in the results, model selection implied analyses not corrected for phylogeny were more appropriate; however, both phylogenetically corrected and non-corrected analyses produced nearly identical results.
(e) Statistical analyses
We used ANOVA for the majority of our analyses. Our focal analysis treated body size, year, population and a year-by-population interaction as independent variables, and cranial capacity as the dependent variable, run separately for each species. Because each population comparison represents an independent evolutionary event, we do not correct for multiple tests. In our expanded analyses of additional species (see the electronic supplementary material), we treated species, year (nested within species) and body size (nested within species) as our independent variables. All statistical analyses were performed in JMP v. 9.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) apart from the PGLS, which was performed in R.
3. Results
(a) Variation between populations
Of the 10 species measured, two showed significant differences in cranial capacity between rural and urban populations (table 1 and figure 1). Both white-footed mouse (P. leucopus) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) had larger cranial capacity (in a model controlling for body size) in urban relative to rural populations. Our dataset was limited by availability of specimens (in particular, urban specimens), so sample sizes were lower for some species (table 1; electronic supplementary material, figure S1). A power analysis suggested that if sufficient samples were present (up to 70 individuals), the observed differences between urban and rural populations would have also been significant for Eptesicus fuscus and Sorex cinereus (table 1)—these species also showed relatively larger cranial capacity in urban populations (figure 2).
We were interested in variation across species in the degree of difference in cranial capacity between urban and rural populations. We focused on the relative difference in cranial capacity between populations ((urban – rural)/(average urban and rural)) based on means that corrected for body size (least-squares means from models controlling for body size, reported in table 1). Using this metric, across all species measured, there was a significant tendency for urban populations to have relatively larger cranial capacity than rural populations (mean (s.e.) = 0.025 (0.009), t-test against a hypothesized mean of 0: t9 = 2.79, p = 0.02). We then focused on whether fecundity of each species was correlated with the degree of differentiation in cranial capacity between populations. We tested whether it was appropriate to account for phylogenetic relationships across the 10 species. The AICc suggested that the model that ignored the effect of phylogeny was the best model (ΔAICc = 8.5 for model with lambda estimated as 0.67), although the results were virtually identical between models. The model uncorrected for phylogeny revealed a significant effect of litter size on the degree of differentiation of cranial capacity between urban and rural populations (F1,7 = 12.3, p = 0.01; figure 2), but no effect of litter number (F1,7 = 0.02, p = 0.88).
(b) Variation over time
Given that several species showed significant year-by-population interactions for cranial capacity (table 1), we analysed the effects of year on cranial capacity separately for urban and rural populations, in models controlling for body size. There was no significant effect of year on cranial capacity for any urban population (table 2). Contrary to predictions, two species (P. leucopus and E. fuscus) showed marginally significant declines in cranial capacity over time in urban populations (table 2; electronic supplementary material, figure S2). Also contrary to expectations, rural populations of four species (two bats and two shrews) showed significant increases in cranial capacity over time (table 2 and figure 3). Additionally, T. hudsonicus showed marginally significant increases in relative cranial capacity over time in rural populations (table 2).
We found increases in relative cranial capacity in rural populations for all of the insect-feeding species we measured. We were interested in whether this unexpected pattern was a general trend across insect-feeding and carnivorous mammals. To address this idea, we measured 171 additional rural-collected specimens, across five additional insectivore species (shrews and moles), four additional bat species, two additional rodent species and two carnivore species for which enough specimens were available (see the electronic supplementary material for list of all included species). Across all insectivores, bats and carnivorans, we found significant effects of year on cranial capacity for rural populations (table 3). However, no such patterns were detected among rodents.
We were interested in further exploring the unexpected observation that cranial capacity increased over time in several rural populations. We thought that large-scale conversion from native habitats to agriculture might also exert a selective force on cognition. To test this idea, we focused on measurements of 38 additional short-tailed shrews, collected from counties that differed in the extent to which they converted to agriculture, some of which converted to 75–100% agriculture over the last 150 years, and some that converted to less than 25% agriculture over the last 150 years. Contrary to the expectations of this follow-up hypothesis, non-agricultural populations showed a significant increase in relative cranial capacity over time (year: F1,14 = 6.02, p = 0.02; body size: F1,14 = 2.53, p = 0.13), while agricultural populations did not (year: F1,17 = 1.03, p = 0.32; total length: F1,17 = 11.2, p = 0.004). This suggests large-scale conversion to agriculture is not necessarily related to increased cranial capacity.
4. Discussion
(a) Spatial variation in cranial capacity suggests cities sometimes select for cognition
This research sought to test the idea that rapid human-induced environmental change might select for increases in behavioural plasticity within species, not simply sorting of species that vary in behavioural plasticity. Our results provide some support for our first prediction: that, at least for some species, urban populations have relatively greater cranial capacity than rural populations (table 1 and figure 1). In particular, urban populations of two rodent species had roughly 6% greater cranial capacity in urban populations relative to rural populations in the same state. In addition, across all species measured, there was a significant tendency for urban populations to have larger cranial capacity when controlling for body size. These results are consistent with the idea that urban environments select for increased behavioural plasticity.
Studying patterns across 10 species allowed us to simultaneously test predictions about which species might show the most pronounced evolutionary changes in cognition. Both theory and empirical work suggest that population size and capacity for growth are important for evolutionary 'rescue' in response to the strong selection pressure imposed by novel environments such as cities [23–28]. Consistent with this expectation, we found that variation across species in the number of offspring per litter was correlated with the degree of cranial capacity variation (figure 2). Species with higher reproductive rates had significantly greater cranial capacity in urban populations relative to rural populations than species with lower reproductive rates. This result also recalls a separate body of theory linking population size to evolutionary rate, because large populations can more effectively 'explore' a fitness landscape through mutational input, and are sometimes (but not always) more likely to cross fitness valleys [48,49]. However, given that fecundity does not necessarily translate into larger population sizes, its importance here may be due either to its effect on population growth rate or overall population size [23–28]. These results connecting fecundity to cranial capacity in urban populations echo previous research that found that the bird species successful in urban environments tend to be those with high annual fecundity [13]. Similarly, species with more generations since urbanization have been shown to have more fear acclimation towards humans, suggesting selection for reduced fear [50]. All of these studies are consistent with the idea that species capable of high reproduction may show more pronounced evolutionary responses to urban environments.
The results of this study combine with existing research to suggest that there are two distinct possible links between cognition and survival in urban environments. On the one hand, species with relatively greater neural investment are predisposed for survival in urban environments because they can learn to cope with novel conditions [9,10]. Owing to trade-offs between cognition and learning, these species may also be those with 'slow' life histories, consisting of delayed reproduction and lower fecundity [29,30,51]. On the other hand, species in urban areas may evolve increased cognition over many generations in that environment. In this case, species with higher fecundity should show more pronounced responses (figure 2).
(b) Temporal variation in cranial capacity suggests rural environments may also be cognitively demanding
Contrary to our second prediction, we did not find increases in cranial capacity over time in urban environments. In fact, two species showed marginally significant declines in cranial capacity over time in urban populations (table 2; electronic supplementary material, figure S2). These unexpected results may have emerged out of two processes. First, it is possible that response to urbanization was rapid and that our time series missed the main selective events in the Twin Cities area. Industry was already well developed in Minneapolis by 1860, and the population of the city was 200 000 by 1900 [52,53], whereas our earliest samples were from the 1920s and 1930s. Selection experiments on brain size have shown that significant differentiation can emerge after just two generations [54]. Second, it is possible that novel urban environments may only transiently select for increased cognition. While urban and suburban environments are quite extreme novel environments, they are somewhat predictable. For instance, many animals exploit novel, predictable resources such as bird feeders or garbage cans [55–56]. Given that brain tissue is costly [57], we might expect consolidation of behaviour appropriate for city living and a decrease in brain size over time following initial colonization of a novel but predictable environment—in other words, genetic assimilation of behaviour [3]. However, this interpretation is speculative and must be evaluated with more thorough time series.
An additional unexpected result was the finding that all insect-feeding species measured, two bats and two shrews, showed significant increases in cranial capacity over time in rural populations (table 2 and figure 3). Follow-up analyses revealed that this might be a general pattern for a range of insect-feeding and carnivorous species (table 3). This pattern does not seem to be driven by large-scale conversion to agriculture as it also occurred in rural areas with little conversation to agriculture. It is possible that rural environments may also be selecting for increased cognition, at least for certain species. Rural areas may be considered novel not just because of conversion to agriculture, but also because of extensive logging, recreational use and other human development. It is possible that development in rural areas requires increased movement to find enough food, and thus increased spatial memory. This might be especially pronounced in animals such as bats, where we already know spatial memory is important for feeding over wide areas and returning to their roost [58,59]—increased patchiness of food in rural areas may have forced bats to travel further, selecting for increased cognition. Regardless of the explanation, future research should consider the extent to which increased cognition is favoured in rural environments.
The present dataset cannot exclude the possibility that the observed variation in cranial capacity is due to variation in nutrition over time and space. Over the last 100 years, there have been major changes in the availability of once-limited nutrients such as nitrogen [60]. It is possible that improved nutrition of individual prey items has resulted in developmental increases in cranial capacity [61,62]. Similarly, urban environments are also drastically different nutritionally than rural environments, and the body mass of animals living in association with humans has been increasing over the last several decades [63]. However, the fact that there were generally no increases in body size over time or in cities (see Material and methods) suggests that nutritional changes alone cannot explain our results.
(c) Conclusions and future directions
In conclusion, our results provide some support of the hypothesis that urbanization selects for increased cognition, at least for a handful of species. In particular, highly fecund species show pronounced increases in cranial capacity in urban relative to nearby rural populations. The unexpected result that cranial capacity increases in size over time in rural populations suggests that selective or developmental conditions may also favour cognition in rural populations. Our results cannot determine the relative contribution of genetic or developmental differences between populations (and across years). However, given that several of the species studied are commonly used in the laboratory, it would be extremely interesting to follow up this research with a common garden experiment with urban and rural populations (e.g. P. leucopus or M. pennsylvanicus). Such a study on live specimens would also allow for behavioural tests of variation in cognition, instead of simply relying on a proxy for cognition (such as cranial capacity). Furthermore, given that these results are entirely correlational, the causal importance of novel, urban environments would be reinforced with an artificial selection experiment, even if over only a few generations [54]. In combination with previous research, this work reinforces the hypothesis that cognition will be important for survival of animals in novel environments such as cities, and possibly rural environments affected by human development. However, our results also suggest that increases in cranial capacity within species are not necessary for survival within urban environments.
Funding statement
Funding was provided by the University of Minnesota.
Eli Swanson provided invaluable assistance with analyses. We are indebted to Anne Espeset and Bill White for help with recording data on specimens. Sharon Jansa, Ben Lowe and Tom Giarla were instrumental in allowing access to the Bell Museum collection and helping to locate specimens. Eli Swanson, Alex Eilts, Alex Kotrschal and two anonymous reviewers provided insightful comments that helped to improve earlier versions of the manuscript.
- Received May 30, 2013.
- Accepted July 23, 2013.
- © 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.


text:
There was no rest for the Laurel Hill boys basketball team on Friday night. Less than 24 hours after beating Baker on Thursday, the Hoboes were back on the court against Rocky Bayou Christian as a part of the Homecoming doubleheader.
LAUREL HILL � There was no rest for the Laurel Hill boys basketball team on Friday night.
Less than 24 hours after beating Baker on Thursday, the Hoboes were back on the court against Rocky Bayou Christian as a part of the Homecoming doubleheader.
Maybe it was play two games in a short period of time, or maybe it was the distractions of Homecoming, but the Hoboes started slowly before getting going on the way to a 54-34 win
�I felt like we didn�t play very well,� Laurel Hill coach Kent Zessin said. �I felt like our minds were somewhere else. We did play a tough one last night coming off the Baker road trip.
�I think that might have had something to do with it � that and you throw in Homecoming and two plus two adds up on those guys. But they came out and they did what they had to to win.�
The Hoboes (2-2) received a big blow early when post player Lane Strickland was whistled for three fouls in the first two-and-a-half minutes of play.
Before Strickland was forced to the bench with his foul troubles he made his presence known with a nifty assist to Max Smith that gave the Hoboes a quick 2-0 lead.
A pair of free throws by Rocky�s Casey Ponder tied the game at 2-2. The teams traded baskets throughout the first quarter, but as the horn sounded to end the period Ponder hit a long 3-pointer to put the Knights in front 10-9.
Even without their big man, Strickland, on the floor, the Hoboes had plenty of weapons that could score. The two main weapons in Laurel Hill�s arsenal were brothers Tommy and Tamaria Calloway.
Tamaria and Smith each scored four points in the first quarter. But in the second quarter Tamaria would team with Tommy to give the Hoboes the boost they needed.
Thirteen seconds into the second quarter Tamaria scored a basket to put Laurel Hill in front 11-10. A short time later Tommy hit a 3-pointer to push the lead to 14-10.
All totaled the Calloways scored 11 of Laurel Hill�s 18 points in the second quarter.
But it wasn�t just the Calloway brothers pressuring the Knights. Garrett Alford, Tanner McQuaig and Matthew Lewellyn all scored in the second quarter as well forcing the Knights to guard everyone on the floor.
A Tamaria Calloway score late in the second quarter finished off a strong period for the Hoboes as they led 27-20 at the half.
Laurel Hill continued to play hard in the second half.
Back on the court to start the second half, Strickland scored two quick baskets to push the Laurel Hill lead to 31-20.
The Knights responded with a 3-pointer by Ponder and a score by Josh Preston to cut the Laurel Hill lead to 31-25 before the Hoboes started to pull away to the 20-point win.
Tommy Calloway led the Hoboes with 15 points. Tamaria Calloway and Smith each had 10 points. Strickland scored eight points despite missing most of the first half with foul trouble.
Zessin was happy with happy to escape with the win, but he saw plenty of room for improvement.
�They didn�t shoot the ball tremendously well at all,� he said. �I think that may have to do with the fatigue in the legs. And Lane getting in foul trouble early again didn�t help any.
�We�ve just got to go back to work at practice before we play our next game on Friday. We need some gym time right now. We need to get in here four days and get some shooting time in and that will help us out a bunch.�
Randy Dickson is the Crestview News Bulletin�s sports editor. Email him at firstname.lastname@example.com, tweet him @BigRandle, or call 682-6524


text:
The idea is undeniably intriguing: Oregon Coach Chip Kelly in the NFL, bringing his up-tempo offense to the highest level.
Sure, it could be a flop of Steve Spurrier-like proportions, a star college coach watching his Saturday system fizzle in such a spectacular way on Sundays. But it could work too, seeing as most NFL teams have some version of a read-option offense in their playbooks. We've seen San Francisco run it with Colin Kaepernick, Seattle run it with Russell Wilson and Washington run it with Robert Griffin III.
So the rumors swirling that several teams are eyeing Kelly aren't that crazy at all. There has been lingering speculation that Kelly could replace Andy Reid in Philadelphia, for instance.
Kelly can evolve and adapt. He has done that successfully with the Ducks. Not every running back has to be a 5-foot-8, 195-pound water bug like LaMichael James. The burly Jonathan Stewart had a stellar career at Oregon and was a first-round pick.


text:
The Urbane Traveller by Eileen Joyce for Bloomingdale's
DESIGNED BY Eileen Joyce
DESIGNED FOR A sophisticated travel magazine editor
INSPIRED BY This New York City apartment-inspired space is inhabited by a sophisticated travel magazine editor who collects objects from around the world. The room as an early 1960's sensibility, combining modern furnishings with a grass cloth wall covering and appliqué fabric as the window treatment. It's a mix of primitive, Asian, folk art and photography in an urban environment — all anchored by a custom-patterned area rug.
The furnishings listed below are available from Bloomingdale's Furniture on 5
• Fritz Sofa - Thayer Coggin
• Kellie Bunching Tables - Artistica
• Cedric Side Table - Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams
• Tanner Chair - Mitchell Gold + Bob Williams
• Hudson Park Loft Living 3 Drawer Chest - French Heritage
See Eileen's Sketches: The Urbane Traveller
Images: Kristy May


text:
Screen-use options
These files are created for viewing on your monitor
- Small (34.2 kB)
- Medium (105.8 kB)
- Large (797.6 kB)
- Extra Large (1.94 MB)
Highest-quality download options
The best resolution available can be found here.
SN Refsdal, MACS J1149.6+2223
More pictures of this object
Select a thumbnail image below to go to its Picture Album page.
See all Gallery Search Results for SN Refsdal, MACS J1149.6+2223
Selecting this will take you out of this index and relocate you to a Gallery Search Results page.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Rodney (JHU) and the FrontierSN team; T. Treu (UCLA), P. Kelly (UC Berkeley), and the GLASS team; J. Lotz (STScI) and the Frontier Fields team; M. Postman (STScI) and the CLASH team; and Z. Levay (STScI)Learn more in NewsCenter HubbleSite's NewsCenter is the place to find the story behind this image, along with its original news release and all related images.


text:
Once again, Clemson had a chance to pull off the upset against a ranked opponent. Just like the first time, it didn't work out for the Tigers.
CLEMSON — Once again, Clemson had a chance to pull off the upset against a ranked opponent. Just like the first time, it didn't work out for the Tigers.
Clemson erased an early 14-point deficit and grabbed the lead in the second half, but Mark Lyons helped No. 8 Arizona rally for a 66-54 victory at Littlejohn Coliseum on Saturday night.
Last month, the Tigers led No. 10 Gonzaga at the Old Spice Classic before going on to a 57-49 loss.
"This is still a situation where we've played two high-level teams and played reasonably well at times," Clemson coach Brad Brownell said. "But for whatever reason, we haven't been able to finish."
Youth could have something to do with it. The Tigers have just two upperclassmen on the roster in seniors Devin Booker and Milton Jennings. Clemson's depth took a hit this week, too, when guard T.J. Sapp decided to transfer.
"We don't have that go-to scorer that can settle your team down and go make something happen when you need something to happen," Brownell said. "That's a problem at times."
Arizona had squandered a double-digit lead from the opening half and was trailing 42-36 when Lyons and his teammates dug in.
The result was a back-breaking 25-7 surge over the next 10 minutes that gave Arizona a 7-0 record for its best start in 14 years. Lyons finished with a season-high 20 points.
"He has a confidence in our huddle and a toughness about him when going against confident players because he's been in so many big games," Arizona coach Sean Miller said. "He's contagious. And I thought one of the reasons we continued to stay with it and fight in the second half was his disposition."
This is Lyons' first season at Arizona. He spent three years at Xavier, helping the team to three NCAA tournament appearances.
Eligible to play immediately as a graduate transfer, Lyons has thrown himself into his new surroundings.
"It's an easy transition for me because of the guys I'm playing with," he said. "My coach is a great point guard back in his day and he's just making me better every day."
That was apparent at Clemson, especially in the second half.
The Wildcats were staggering after they wasted a 22-8 lead and were down by six after Rod Hall's 3-pointer with a second left on the shot clock. Lyons steadied the team and got back to work.
Lyons and Solomon Hill had two free throws apiece and Brandon Ashley had two baskets to tie it at 44.
Clemson took its last lead moments later at 47-44 on Milton Jennings' 3-pointer with 8:38 to go.
After Jordin Mayes tied it for Arizona with a 3, Lyons found a wide-open Kaleb Tarczewski for the go-ahead layup and the Wildcats never trailed again.
When Lyons went in for a layup with 2:19 remaining, the Wildcats were ahead 61-49.
"This will help our morale," Lyons said. "When we go on the road, we'll be ready. And if we're ever in a close game, we know what it takes to overcome it."
Clemson (5-3) scored just two field goals in the final 8:45. Jennings led the Tigers with 15 points in his return from a two-game suspension because of a drug arrest.
Nick Johnson had 13 points and Hill had seven points and 10 rebounds for Arizona. But it was Lyons' steady control that bailed the Wildcats out down the stretch.
Lyons led the team with four assists and hit all five of his foul shots.
Miller had a few words for those people who thought Lyons' start to the season wasn't crisp enough, with too many turnovers and not enough assists.
"Look, if you leave your job and you're in a different area of the country, I bet you're not going to feel good the first month," Miller said. "It takes time, especially playing that role in point guard."
K.J. McDaniels scored 13 points and Adonis Filer had 10 for the Tigers.
Brownell said this performance should prove to his players that "when we play good basketball, we can play with a lot of teams."


text:
Mobile Home Parks near Egg Harbor Township, NJ
Save This Search
Get a Free Email Alert
See the Latest Listings in Your Area
We'll notify you each time a new listing matches your search, so you'll be the first to see the newest listings!
We'll notify you each time a new listing matches your search, so you'll be the first to see the newest listings!
Create a free account to gain access to the newest listings!
Your Search
Mobile Home Parks near Egg Harbor Township, NJ
Receive Notifications
Log in to MobileHomeParkStore.com AccountYou will need to log in to your account for us to save your search.
Simply Create a FREE Account - It only takes a moment:
By creating this account, you agree to the MobileHomeParkStore.com
User Agreement and
Privacy Statement.
7 mobile home parks listed
Looking for a mobile home park, mobile home community, manufactured home community, multi family housing? MobileHomeParkStore.com has 7 mobile home parks near Egg Harbor Township. Contact us to list your mobile home park in the directory.
|Sign-in to See the Latest Listings
|Back to Search
Regular Listings
Tower Homes - Directory
Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
Pleasantville Mobile Estates
2.2 miles
6.1 miles
6.2 miles
Sign Up for Email Alerts
Get notified for new listings matching your criteria.
Zip codes in Egg Harbor Township, NJ08232 08234
Popular Cities in New JerseyAvenel Barnegat Barnegat Township Berlin Blairstown Branchburg Brick Bridgeton Browns Mills Buena Camden Cape May Carteret Eatontown Egg Harbor Township Egg Harbor Twp Elizabeth Franklin Hazlet Howell Jackson Jersey City Lodi Long Beach Twp Manahawkin Mays Landing Millville Moonachie Newark North Brunswick Ocean View Paterson Pennsville Pittsgrove Rio Grande Sicklerville Somerville Toms River Vincentown Vineland Williamstown
|Back to Search
|List a Mobile Home Park


text:
"On film, I was like boy that little boy doin' his thing out there, man, I'm proud of you man"
Watching this weeks All Access, it looked like Cardinals # 90 talkin' to Russell Wilson as they walked off the field... at the 15 minute mark of my DVR.
Did someone put acid my spam or did I see it right???


text:
SANTIAGO, Chile — Simply eating in Santiago is enough to make me want to return to the Chilean capital: I want to feel the seismic jolt from a cocktail called the Earthquake, succumb to deathly rich cookies and knots of sweet fried dough called twisted underpants, and find Zen in a frothy pisco sour.
Visits to star-rated restaurants of Santiago, where the freshest of seafood is canonized by innovative chefs borrowing influences from Peru, Argentina and Spain, were postponed. On this maiden two-day visit, I wanted the starchy comfort foods sorely missed by my hiking guides after a trek through Torres del Paine National Park in Patagonia.
Their ground rules for my trip to Santiago, near the midpoint of this long noodle of a country on South America's western coast, were simple: Rely on Santiago's efficient light rail system to get around, organize noshing by major rail stops, and use soles instead of taxis because calories consumed vertically and in motion don't count.
Arriving in Santiago after seven days in Patagonia was a culture shock. Instead of a remote, tangled landscape and piercing stillness, there were leafy boulevards and food vendors hawking ice cream. Shoeshine vendors catered to seated gentlemen, and arm-in-arm couples upholstered lush parks.
So it begins
My late-afternoon arrival was timed perfectly for the local custom of onces, (pronounced own-sayss). It's Chile's cocktail hour for adults or snack time for kids. Thirst was quenched at Club Euro Happy (Cumming rail stop) in Barrio Brasil. This 1950s-style bar/cafe uses bookcases as a menu to display more than 300 bottles of beer. Just point to a label, then slide onto a sofa or stool (no Spanish necessary). Oddball brews from Russia and Belgium shared space with a Miller. Beers start at 2,000 Chilean pesos, or almost $4.
Dinner tended to Peruvian-style appetizers at Zanzibar (Escuela Militar rail stop) near the Vitacura neighborhood, where I stayed with a friend's family. Sculpted stacks of potato slices threaded with seafood and vegetables looked like mosaics. The Chilean Pisco Sour (a clear brandy, lemon juice, sugar, egg white) was lighter than Peru's, which uses bitters.
The markets
With my first night in the books, it was time to explore fresh markets the next day. I began at Mercado Central (Puente Cal y Canto rail stop).
Kiosks and restaurants vie for seating after 2 p.m. when the lunch crowd collides with strolling musicians. A hearty crab pie (pastel de jaiba) and shrimp empanadas at Restaurant Donde Augusto hit the spot; the bill for two was $20. Within easy walking distance of the protein palace was La Vega vegetable market (at the Patronato stop).
What a contrast: This sprawl of stalls dazzled the senses with aromas of fruits, flowers and juices in a fiesta of colors. Both markets open daily at 6 a.m. and close before 5 p.m.
The sweets
Sugar lust was continually fueled at myriad bakeries. Among the standard-issue treats were a deep-fried, sugary knot of dough called twisted underpants (calzones rotos) and the ultra-decadent alfajores, a Latin American treat of crisp wafers glued by gobs of dulce de leche, then encircled by coconut or baked meringue.
A hankering for ice cream found too many choices at Emporio La Rosa (Bellas Artes rail stop). This chain advertises 40 ice cream flavors, on rotation, at eight outlets. Black pepper, my first choice, was not available. But rose petal, hazelnut and cherimoya (an ugly green fruit with avocado-like texture and pineapple flavor) assuaged any disappointment.
The Earthquake
Then, fortified by calcium and carbs, I felt prepared for the infamous Earthquake (Terremoto), recommended by my college-age hiking guides and served at La Piojera, which translates as lice house (Plaza de Armas rail stop). This den of dim rooms and sawdust-strewn floors attracts a cross-section of humanity.
People bump elbows at sticky counters to chase cured-ham sandwiches with beer, chichi (fermented apple cider) and the Earthquake. What arrives in a tumbler is a layered marriage of pipeno (medium-sweet wine in tobacco hues), bitters and pineapple ice cream. Inhaling the scene while sipping this head-numbing concoction was a bargain (about $4) worth repeating.
Memories of eating pastel de choclo at Restaurant Galindo (Baquedano rail stop) made one guide homesick. This corner pub draws a crowd in the lively Barrio Bellavista neighborhood. Waiters sashay between cramped tables where a sea of shoulders hunch over platters of mixed grills, fried eggs and glistening potatoes. The family-size chicken/corn stew with a sweet cornmeal crust topped my faves list. Lunch for two with drinks came to $34.
My farewell
My farewell onces was saved for Confiteria Torres (Los Heroes rail stop), the city's oldest cafe (circa 1879). The pisco sour arrived on a silver tray, a frothy zing of sweet and sour. The appetizers included thumb-size fried puffs (sopapillas) with an industrial-strength dipping sauce (pebre). I found heaven as dusk settled outside.
For a moment, the stillness of Patagonia found a niche in this oak-paneled relic in Santiago. My mission was over but not a desire to return for another helping.
If you go
Club Euro Happy, Maturana 516, Barrio Brasil (facebook.com/EUROHAPPYCLUB).
Confiteria Torres, Alameda 1570 (confiteriatorres.cl).
Donde Augusto, Seafood restaurant/bar in Mercado Central (dondeaugusto.cl).
Emporio La Rosa, Cafe/ice cream shop with eight locations (emporiolarosa.com).
La Piojera, Aillavilu 1030, Centro Santiago.
Restaurant Galindo, Dardignac 098, Bellavista (galindo.cl).
Restaurant Zanzibar, San JM Escriva de Balaguer 6400, Vitacura (zanzibar.cl).
$1 equals about 507 Chilean pesos.
Sernatur, the national tourist office, has multiple locations (sernatur.cl). It offers rail maps, brochures and information on free tours, events and hostels.
The subway system has five lines with various fares depending on time of day (metrosantiago.cl).
Santiago Adventures offers personalized tours for individuals and groups led by a multilingual staff (santiagoadventures.com).


text:
MALDEF Calls For National Action In Wake Of Killing Of Third Latino Victim Of A Hate Crime in Five Months
December 10, 2008
LOS ANGELES, CA - Today, Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) President & General Counsel John Trasviña called upon leaders across all communities to unite and speak out against hate violence:
"We mourn and are outraged by the murder in Brooklyn, New York of Jose Osvaldo Sucuzhañay, whose life was violently taken by a group of people, and whose crime, according to witnesses, was motivated by hate-filled bigotry. Only one month ago, 37-year old Marcello Lucero was ferociously beaten and fatally stabbed in Long Island, New York by a group of teenagers who hunted him down simply for being Latino. In July, 25-year old Luis Ramirez lost his life after he was knocked unconscious and kicked in the head by a group of Shenandoah, Pennsylvania teenagers who yelled racial epithets before and during the brutal beating. We extend our sympathies to their families and loved ones.
In the past several years, hate crimes against Latinos have risen 40 percent. This is a national epidemic whose growth is spurred each day by hate speech and anti-immigrant sentiment expressed on cable shows, local radio shows and across the airwaves.
National legislation, such as the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crime Prevention Act, must be a top priority for Congress and the new Administration, but it is not sufficient to reach the hate that threatens to pervade local communities. This drastic rise of hate crimes against Latinos, not coincidentally, has occurred during the same years in which there has been an explosive rebirth of extremist anti-immigrant rhetoric and measures. The serious topic of immigration has been contaminated by hatred and racism, and has created a toxic climate which fosters and condones violence and civil rights violations motivated by bigotry. In seeking to enact unconstitutional anti-immigrant ordinances, irresponsible elected officials spew inflammatory rhetoric that depicts undocumented immigrants as parasites and the root cause of the nation's fallen economy. Television and radio personalities spread misinformation and stereotypes that criminalize and dehumanize Latino immigrants. Meanwhile, white supremacist groups are using this anti-immigrant wave to promote their racist groups and promote violent acts against Latinos. Collectively, the messages and norms they seek to establish are that immigrants are less human and less worthy, and do not merit basic human rights protections our Constitution demands. These messages have begun to infect too many Americans, and they are being manifested through violence. Unfortunately, our elected leaders have failed to recognize and condemn this national crisis, the media has largely remained silent, and families have not acted to protect their children from being infected from this hatred.
As proven by this year's historic election, the great majority of Americans have defeated artificial barriers of racism and ushered us into a new era. After over a century of struggle for freedom and democracy irrespective of race, Americans have abolished the disease of racial hatred; however, a virus continues to linger with some, and we must not allow it to proliferate. There are those that may believe that racism and xenophobia will always exist, but it must not exist in our country, in our democratic institutions, in our schools, and in our homes. We must be ever-vigilant, and stamp it out where we see it.
MALDEF calls upon our national representatives, faith leaders, educators, and parents to stand up and take immediate action against this national wave of hatred. We again call on Congress and the next President to fix our broken, archaic immigration system to establish national immigration priorities, including community integration that serves the nation's interests, allows newcomers to work with legal status and protections against exploitation, and safeguards the nation's communities. Local and federal authorities must prosecute hate crimes to the fullest extent under law. Local officials and media personalities must take responsibility for the consequences of their extremist rhetoric and should spread messages of respect and tolerance. Most importantly, we call on all Americans to unite against this wave of hatred and defeat the hate and violence. It is unacceptable and we must stop it now."
For all media inquiries, please contact Laura Rodriguez.


text:
Search our map for the best Guayama hotels
Use our map to find hotels near the Guayama area or attractions you want to visit.
Use our map to find hotels near the Guayama area or attractions you want to visit.
Feel confident you've booked the perfect stay. Read our real guest reviews before you book.
Find hotel deals in Guayama, along with apartments, hostels and other accommodation with Skyscanner Hotels. Choose and book from over 3 hotels in Guayama or alternatively, compare hotels near popular landmarks, such as , and .
Looking for a specific hotel property in Guayama? Then simply enter that property into the search box above.
Need some inspiration on where to stay? Top rated cheap hotels in Guayama include AC Hotel San Juan Condado, Four Points by Sheraton Caguas Real, and Condado Vanderbilt Hotel based on user reviews.
Skyscanner hotels is a fast, free and simple way to organise your stay. In a few clicks you can easily search, compare and book your Guayama accommodation by clicking directly through to the hotel or travel agent website. No fees are added to your stay by booking with us.
To get started, simply add your chosen travel dates to the search box above and let us find cheap hotel deals for you. Or alternatively, select from the hotel options above.


text:
Skip to comments.Long delayed ethics charges against Rep Maxine Waters to finally go forward
Posted on 06/12/2012 9:02:06 AM PDT by Oldpuppymax
It was in August of 2010 the House Ethics Committee decided to proceed with charges against California Congresswoman Maxine Waters for contriving to procure special favors for the Massachusetts-based, OneUnited Bank. And although Waters has done her damnedest during [these] three years to exploit as many legal technicalities as possible to try to get the investigation halted it now looks as though the jig might finally be up. (1)
In 2008, Representative Waters set up a meeting between officials of the Treasury Department and members of a trade association of minority owned banks. The meeting, however, consisted almost exclusively of OneUnited Bank executives who, to the surprise of the Treasury people, asked them for a $50 million dollar loan!
It seems the minority-owned OneUnited was in trouble. It also seems Maxine Waters husband, Sidney Williams, was on the board of OneUnited and owned $350,000 worth of the banks stockstock which would have been worthless if the bank failed. The Congresswoman forgot to mention this minor point...
(Excerpt) Read more at coachisright.com ...
She needs to have logic charges brought against her.
The wheels of justice grind slowly. Couldn't happen to a more deserving woman...
With all due respect, given that she's Maxine Waters, the probability that she's a felon is almost certain.
However, we're in the Obamadork regime, with Holder the Felon heading the Just-Us Joke department, and a group of liberal congress-critter crooks that would make ideal Kennedy family lawyers.
Nothing will happen, so why waste the money?
"I I I stilllll don't no nuttin bout no bank"">
"[Maxine] Waters has been criticized for her comments regarding the Los Angeles riots of 1992. In defense of the people that looted stores and damaged property, Waters said 'If you call it a riot it sounds like it was just a bunch of crazy people who went out and did bad things for no reason. I maintain it was somewhat understandable, if not acceptable. So I call it a rebellion.'[5] She also said it was 'a spontaneous reaction to a lot of injustice' and 'The anger in my district is righteous. I'm just as angry as they are.' She responded to the mass looting of Korean-owned stores by saying: 'There were mothers who took this as an opportunity to take some milk, to take some bread, to take some shoes. They are not crooks. Everybody in the street was not a thug or a hood.'"
From David Horowitz's FrontpageMag.com /DiscoverTheNetworks.org:
"Throughout its history, one of RCP's [Revolutionary Communist Party's] principal objectives has been to foment civil unrest in the United States. The most notable example of such efforts occurred on April 29, 1992, when RCP members looted and trashed the downtown and government districts of Los Angeles, triggering the infamous Rodney King riots. During the days immediately preceding the violence, RCP -- which maintained close ties to the L.A. gangs known as the Crips and the Bloods -- had circulated throughout South Central Los Angeles a leaflet featuring a statement by RCP National Spokesman Carl Dix, titled 'It's Right To Rebel' -- a quote popularized by Mao Zedong.
Encouraged by Dix, RCP activists helped lead the riots that would leave 58 people dead, more than 2,300 people injured, some 5,300 buildings burned, and $1 billion in property damaged or destroyed. On the ten-year anniversary of the rioting, RCP member Joseph Veale fondly recalled the violence as 'the most beautiful, the most heroic civil action in the history of the United States.'"
"The RCP [Revolutionary Communist Party] upheld the 1992 sometimes-violent unrest in Los Angeles and nationally as a 'rebellion' in the aftermath of the Rodney King verdicts. Then-LAPD chief Daryl Gates alleged that the RCP was involved in the 'riots'. Los Angeles has long been one of the RCP's larger and more active branches. William 'Mobile' Shaw was a local leader who recently passed and received public commendation from the party."
"I maintain it was somewhat understandable, if not acceptable. So I call it a rebellion."--Maxine Waters
Maxine Waters warns Shell president in House committee hearing
Posted: May 23, 2008
2008 WorldNetDaily
A report by Fox News, captured in a clip posted on YouTube.com (Must see video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUaY3LhJ-IQ) , showed Waters challenging the president of Shell Oil, John Hofmeister, to guarantee the prices consumers pay will go down if the oil companies are allowed to drill wherever they want off of U.S. shores.
Hofmeister replied: "I can guarantee to the American people, because of the inaction of the United States Congress, ever-increasing prices unless the demand comes down."
The Shell exec said paying $5 at the pump "will look like a very low price in the years to come if we are prohibited from finding new reserves, new opportunities to increase supplies."
Waters responded, in part, "And guess what this liberal would be all about. This liberal will be about socializing uh, um..."
The congresswoman paused to collect her thoughts [for about 5-6 seconds this went on, while her colleagues behind her laughed].
"...would be about, basically, taking over, and the government running all of your companies..."
The oil executives responded, according to Fox News, by saying they've seen this before, in Hugo Chavez's Venezuela.
Article: Congresswoman threatens to nationalize oil industry Maxine Waters warns Shell president in House committee hearing:
"These charges against me are nothing but a bunch of racist hoohah. I've been an outstanding representative in every way and my constituents know that I would never do anything wrong. I demand you remove these racists charges against me immediately. It's nothing more than an election year witch hunt I tell you."
The web of lies of this most corrupt Administration & the Pelosi/Reid Congress are being revealed.
If low IQ, destructive ignorance and arrogant, in-your-face racism were crimes, Waters would be strapped into the infamous aqua gas chamber at San Quentin, early tomorrow morning.
Maxine Waters is one of several demonRat politicians and Hollyweird celebrities who are on the "World Can't Wait" list of endorsers and supporters. WCW is a revolutionary communist movement masquerading as a so-called "anti-war" group. They are a front for the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP). They infect many of the nation's schools: universities and even high schools!
Endorsers of the [World Can't Wait] Call to Drive Out the Bush Regime Include:
James Abourezk, Aris Anagnos, Rocky Anderson, Anti-Flag, Edward Asner, Russell Banks, Ed Begley Jr., Harry Belafonte, St. Clair Bourne, Gabriel Byrne, Margaret Cho, Ward Churchill, Paulette Cole, US Rep John Conyers Jr., John Densmore, Jesse Diaz Jr., Michael Eric Dyson, Steve Earle, Niles Eldredge, Daniel Ellsberg, Eve Ensler, Laura Flanders, Jane Fonda, Martin Garbus, Senator Mike Gravel, Andre Gregory, Sam Hamill, Suheir Hammad, Rev. Jesse L. Jackson Jr., Mumia Abu-Jamal, Rickie Lee Jones, Sarah Jones, Brig. Gen. (Ret) Janis Karpinski, Jonathan Kozol, Rabbi Michael Lerner, US Rep. Cynthia McKinney, Robin Meyers, Mark Crispin Miller, Tom Morello, Viggo Mortensen, John Nichols, US Rep. Major Owens, Grace Paley, Harvey Pekar, Sean Penn, Michelle Phillips, Harold Pinter, Michael Ratner, Mark Ruffalo, US Rep. Bobby Rush, Susan Sarandon, Richard Serra, Jeff Sharlet, Rev. Al Sharpton, Cindy Sheehan, Martin Sheen, Nancy Spero, Gloria Steinem, Lynne Stewart, Serj Tankian, Sunsara Taylor, Studs Terkel, Gore Vidal, Kurt Vonnegut, Alice Walker, Naomi Wallace, US Rep. Maxine Waters, Cornel West, Ann Wright, Howard Zinn, and thousands more who have already joined us.
"World Can't Wait" (front group of the Revolutionary Communist Party)
World Can't Wait is a Maoist-revolutionary movement organized by the Revolutionary Communist Party. Scroll down the list that appears (after clicking link) to find the World Can't Wait organization (rwor.org is the website of the Revolutionary Communist Party):
From David Horowitz's FrontpageMag.com /DiscoverTheNetworks.org:
Profile: World Can't Wait (WCW)
*Revolutionary communist movement that stages protests against the Bush administration [they've moved onto other things since Bush--ETL]
*Organizes college and high-school students
*Founded in June 2005 by Charles Clark Kissinger, a longtime leader of the Revolutionary Communist Party
At worst she may be subject to receiving a 45 second harangue by Speaker Boehner.
What a joke.
Waters was probably hoping the house would fall back into dem control again...she probably though Pelosi was reading the correct tea leaves...I guess not..
At worse she will be censured and lose ranking which in her mind she will wear as a badge of honor..
Don't think it will be even that severe, not joking either.
Speaks volumes of the people who she represents that continually elect her, again and again.
That's what I was thinking too. Poker players would call it a "tell" - Waters has lost confidence in the election cycle and would rather deal with the current Congress than the next.
She probably doubts a Presidential pardon will be available after January, too...
Didn't Maxine Waters send us TEA Party'ers to hades?
No need to go all the way there when we still have Maxine right here among us for a cheaper and a little bit cooler version of it.
I seem to remember that the bank had a company Porsche, that even though the bank was in trouble, the "trustees" were loathe to part with.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Here, with this household style ideas website, you will find a lot of Standard Door Frame Size Us photographs of great home layout ideas. It is extremely interesting because these photographs such as this will provide you with more creativity. It is ranging broadly on how to organize design of any area within your house, figure out what shade to use of every aspect, wall and spot of suites, planning extras, wall artwork, furniture and small decoration items to complete the awesomeness of one's house. Get ready when household, relatives, and pals stop by your house to gather, to possess your meal, or just to convey hello, you've no problem with embarrassing home style. Through an intensive info, specially with this particular, your house interior and exterior could have an ideal mixture of decoration, shade shim, measurement, comparison and vocal stage, saturation, match and contrasting. No matter if it's artdeco or postmodern topic.
It is very useful everything you are doing right know; that is, gathering details about Standard Door Frame Size Us. Whether you're exploring it because you want to retain providers from the drafter, architect, and internal design advisor, designer or even if you should be about to manage the design strategy by yourself, in my opinion this blog provides you with a lot of idea of your overall or upcoming property interior and outside design. There will not be confusion of selecting units, units, gates, platforms, wooden seats and miscellaneous upholstery in addition to substance; including: wooden, a white laminate, highpressure laminate, or selecting a more costly finnier.
Beside Standard Door Frame Size Us, maybe you want to take a look at some other photographs linked to new and best home-improvement ideas on this website. Feel free to search it. Everybody has their own particular curiosity about period of what sort of property or perhaps a house should look and feel like. But having a lot of selections of mixture and complement photographs could be the best start to design a customized principle for yourself. You'll find many pictures to sparkle your creative mind being a designer. Preferably, each and every room in your house could be renovated as you wish, such as wonderful living room, relaxed and relaxing bedroom, cozy bath and splashy bathroom, impressive house exterior, imaginative indoor and outside furniture arrangement, relaxed and impressive color tone of wall artwork, peaceful light, relaxing family bar room, new yard, and all other type of items. Thanks for considering this Standard Door Frame Size Us image. Ideally you will be influenced with the style.standard door measurements,door measurements,wreaths for front door


text:
Bio Info
Having served in leadership positions in the financial services industry for three decades, John is a pioneer of authentic stewardship, who made the decision to reimburse clients affected by the collapse of a money market mutual fund. He most recently served as CEO of RBC Wealth Management – U.S., one of the leading full-service retail brokerage firms in the United States.
Director of the Center for Economic Freedom at FreedomWorks; Editor of RealClearMarkets; Senior Economic Advisor to Toreador Research & Trading; Author of Popular Economics and Who Needs the Fed?
Bio Info
As the world becomes smaller and the marketplace larger, John Tamny challenges collected, conventional wisdom, making the money people and the rest of us think.
Do We Really Need the Federal Reserve? Addressing the Pros and Cons of the World's Foremost Central Bank
Member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors (2009-2017); Author: Banking on Basel: The Future of International Financial Regulation
Types: Economist, Male, NEW Speaker
Bio Info
Called "the most important person in banking" by the Wall Street Journal for his role at the Federal Reserve in the post-crisis overhaul of financial regulation, Daniel Tarullo also helped shape monetary policy during and after the crisis.
Online Investment and Personal Finance Pioneers
Types: Author, Entrepreneur, Futurist, Male, Top Executives
Bio Info
Brothers Tom and David Gardner believed in the wisdom of crowds before it was fashionable. Their online community develops extraordinary economic insights that they share in their talks.


text:
Alibi Chart
Investigating Officer(s): Det. S. Murphy. Det. E. Parker
Incident No.: 003972-25K-2012
Case Description: Monica Drum Homicide Investigation
Investigators have compiled the following summary of the witness alibis for the night of Saturday, November 24, 2012 and the early morning hours of Sunday, November 25, 2012, when Monica Drum was shot to death. Also included is information on the results of attempts to verify the alibis.
The complete document is available to Detectives only. Your access level is Public.
|Join Here. Like us on Facebook and Save $3


text:
Stephanie holds a degree in finance and has ten years of experience in sales and marketing with both Procter & Gamble and Marriott Hotels. In 1995 she retired from the corporate world to stay home with her sons. In 2001 she founded her free website www.couponmom.com committed to helping consumers save money and feed the hungry by increasing food donations to hunger organizations with the Cut Out Hunger program.
Cut Out Hunger shoppers nationally have donated tons of food to hunger organizations in their communities. In 2004 the Coca Cola company honored the Cut Out Hunger program by selecting Stephanie to be a torch runner in their Athens 2004 Olympic Torch Relay. Coca Cola selected participants for their "ability to inspire others and make a positive difference in people's lives." In 2003 the Dannon Company recognized the Cut Out Hunger program in their Families Feeding America contest. In 2002 North Fulton Community Charities named Stephanie one of their "Volunteers of the Year" for the food donations generated by the Cut Out Hunger program.
Stephanie lives with her husband and two sons in Atlanta, Georgia. Media inquiries can be directed to Stephanie Nelson at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Pope Francis coined a phrase and set an ideal when he said that "shepherds should smell of the sheep," referring to bishops and priests.
Actually, while such closeness between priests and people is an ideal certainly to revere, and it certainly requires focus and determination on the part of priests and bishops, it has definitely been seen in the United States.
As the country celebrates Labor Day on Sept. 1, 2014, as it observes Labor Day every year on the first Monday of the ninth month, the occasion presents itself for priests to recall in days past when others in Holy Orders, bishops and priests, very much smelt of the sheep because these priests and bishops were so close to their people and responded to their people's needs.
Indeed, priests, bishops and lay Catholics were essential to the movement that came to be so influential and respected in America that, in 1894, Congress established Labor Day as a national holiday, an act approved by President Grover Cleveland.
Creation of the holiday did not come on the spur of the moment. The concept originally came from the son of a poor Irish Catholic family, Peter J. McGuire, who had been born in New York City in 1852. McGuire, along with so many other Americans of his ethnic and religious background, went to work without the benefit of much education.
At the time, the Industrial Revolution was well underway in this country, especially in the great cities of the East and, more and more, in the developing cities of the Midwest. Being a laborer in industry was no fun, almost as a universal rule.
Hours were long — such as 12-hour days, six days a week. Everything was at the pleasure of management. Nothing was provided for vacation, nothing for sick leave. Pensions were unknown. The level of compensation completely was at the discretion of the owners and managers.
No even casual perusal of newspapers of the period fails to put front and center the hazards faced by workers. If injured on the job, and many were injured, they were on the own. Too bad.
Monetary investment and capital were the only fonts of rights.
Broadly speaking, a new social system was coming to be. Always the United States had been the scene of the rich and the poor, but the great industries that were gaining strength every day were producing a stark, and what could have been a disastrous, contrast between the very rich and the desperately poor.
When this surge of industry still was in its infancy, a publisher in Philadelphia, Matthew Carey, began to insist publicly that workers had rights, just as owners and investors had rights. In 1845, he organized the Catholic Freeman's Journal. The mere circulation of his periodical formed a network of workers and of other citizens interested in human dignity and the rights bestowed by this dignity.
Carey's cry was for a just wage. He argued, and he would not abide compromise, that workers were due earnings that enabled them to provide for themselves, and their dependents, the necessities of life.
Today, it all seems so natural, a truism that workers deserve adequate pay. At the time, it was a revolutionary concept. It rejected the theory that supply-and-demand set the standard for wages, and it also belittled the absolute right of owners and managers to set wages at any level they preferred.
About the same time, the first of American Catholic episcopal voices to befriend workers was heard. It was a voice that in time became a mighty chorus. This pioneer voice belonged to Archbishop Francis Xavier Norbert Blanchet of Oregon City, Oregon, a see later moved to Portland.
Archbishop Blanchet was French-Canadian, having been born in a small town in the Province of Quebec in 1795. Ordained a priest in 1819, he for a while served in parishes in Quebec and in Canada's Maritime Provinces. In 1836, however, he first heard the call of Catholics who were hurrying to what is now the Pacific Northwest of the United States to make a fortune — or die in the attempt — in the fur-trapping industry and in timber.
Already fur-trapping was organized, part of the extensive efforts of the Hudson Bay Company. Consecrated bishop for the Oregon Territory in 1845, he eventually saw how this company was treating its workers. He demanded better conditions and just wages for them.
Back in the East, industry was growing, and so were efforts to attain rights for workers. As far as the Church was concerned, it was not a movement without problems. The country's first union, if the term can be used, the Knights of Labor, was a secret group. More than a few Catholic priests thought that it actually was tied to Freemasonry. Others were suspicious of what they heard were secret religious rituals.
Into this picture came two American Catholics who had huge impact, not just in terms of the Church's engagement with organized labor in this country, but on the entire structure, actually, of American and economic life.
One was Terence V. Powderly, of Irish and Catholic stock, born in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, in 1849. He was hardly the only Irish-Catholic to take an interest in politics at the time, but he was rare indeed among Irish-Catholic politicians in that he was a Republican. He eventually was elected mayor of Scranton. He held national office under Republican presidents.
His interest was with the workers. In 1879, he was chosen as head of the Knights of Labor. His own Catholic identity allowed his access to, and the trust of, the United States' unquestioned Catholic leader, Cardinal James Gibbons, the archbishop of Baltimore.
From this association, at least in part, grew the cardinal's championing of the rights of workers. Gibbons arranged a meeting between Powderly and all the American archbishops, critical since it occurred not long after the Canadian hierarchy had condemned the Knights of Labor. Of the 12 U.S. archbishops, 10 approved the Knights. Among them was Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul, who was to become as ardent a backer of workers' rights as was Gibbons.
Cardinal Gibbons, however, was the kingpin. He lobbied in Rome, not just for the rights of workers to organize for collective bargaining, but for a full, broad expression of workers' rights at the magisterial level.
In 1891, surely in part because of Baltimore's cardinal, came Rerum Novarum from the pen of Pope Leo XIII. Profound and profoundly bold, this encyclical literally set the Church directly ahead on a deliberate new course — pursuing, and insisting upon, rights of workers.
Before long, the same impulse to assure the rights of workers led Catholics in rural areas to seek the same in agriculture.
Pope Pius XI, in 1931, underscored the Church's view about workers' rights and human rights in Quadragesimo Anno.
Rerum Novarum and Quadragesimo Anno were the preludes to the masterful social encyclicals of Popes St. John XXIII, soon to be Blessed Paul VI, St. John Paul II, and Benedict XVI.
Always — from McGuire to Blanchet to Powderly to Gibbons, to cite the prominent — the Catholic place in the overall American Labor Movement has been a matter of fact. The names of bishops and priests are sprinkled across every page of the movement's history.
For example, Father John Curran (1859-1936), of the Diocese of Scranton, was recognized so widely as an authority on matters of labor and economics, as so clear in his grasp of moral principles as they related to labor and economics, and so straightforward in his integrity and judgment that he often was asked to mediate disputes between managers and workers. President Theodore Roosevelt, a patrician Episcopalian from New York, even asked Father Curran's help in resolving the 1902 strike of coal miners in New York.
Father Peter Dietz (1878-1947), of the Cleveland diocese, worked with the American Federation of Labor to bond its Catholic members together.
Msgr. John A. Ryan (1865-1945), of the St. Paul archdiocese, became a national authority in questions of labor and managements. His stress always was on the rights of workers. His renown was so well established that, in 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, another Episcopalian aristocrat, asked Msgr. Ryan to give the invocation at the president's fourth inauguration.
The list of priests goes on and on: Jesuit Fathers Benjamin L. Masse and William Smith, Father Philip Carey, Sulpician Father John F. Cronin, and the most recent, and legendary, Msgr. George G. Higgins. For most of the decades of the 20th century, unusual would have been the informed Catholic, involved in the labor movement or not, who would not have been familiar with these names.
Few informed Catholics also would have not been aware of the cavalcade of American bishops who not just supported, but vigorously advocated for, the rights of workers to organize and to bargain collectively.
It might be argued that this heritage of energetic connection with the labor movement on the part of bishops and priests inspired, and indeed enabled, the strong association of Catholics, clergy and lay, and the institutional Church itself, with the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
Certainly no history of Catholics and the American Labor Movement is complete without strong mention of the numerous Catholic laypersons who befriended the workers of the country. Among them, after Powderly, of course, were leaders such as Martin Durkin and James Mitchell, Philip Murray, George Meaney, Heyward Broun, J. A. Beirne, John Brophy, George Delaney, Joseph Curran, Cesar Chavez and James Carey, to name only a few prominent in the Golden Age of American labor.
Not to forget Catholic men and women Religious, the great array of facilities owned and operated by Religious, at times fearlessly, put these notions about rights into their employment policies.
All these American Catholics helped to change American life.
Think about how things have changed. No employer would dream of, or be allowed to require, work of 12 hours a day, six days a week, without generous overtime and at the employee's consent. Vacations are a part of life. So are safe working conditions — at the employer's expense. Pensions are a way of life. So is workman's compensation. So is the minimum wage. Not that uncommon is profit-sharing.
Talk about a social revolution, and it all sprang from a full and dedicated attention to Catholic doctrine regarding the dignity of each person. Fundamentally, this teaching proceeded from the Scriptures.
A series of Roman pontiffs gave magnificent testimony to this dignity, and precisely it, in landmark encyclicals.
Priests and bishops, however, certainly in this country played an indisputably vital role in bringing theory about human dignity to reality through their entry into the effort to attain a full measure of rights for workers.
It was about principle, and it was about concepts, and much of it came from theology textbooks, magisterial teachings, biblical commentaries and such academic sources.
For American Catholics, and for American Catholic bishops and priests, the glory of the Church's link with labor is that it all reveals in strong, powerful colors the picture of the Church's ordained ministers being with, beside and behind those people who were the workers.
The shepherds, as Pope Francis would wish, were so near the sheep that their very beings caught the scent of the sheep, and their hearts beat with those of the sheep, yearning for peace and for life.
The labor movement in a sense today is a victim of its own success. American society is not perfect. But, as enumerated above, rights once demanded are now presumed. The quality of life, at least for millions, has improved.
Yesterday's Catholics would not believe their eyes if they saw life in this country, in many instances, today. Catholics can take pride in concluding that not only now does the society in general experience a higher standard of living, but that social unrest, and indeed communism, were thwarted in the process.
New issues have created new movements. New alliances have formed. New attitudes have developed.
Still, the story is stunningly beautiful, and the cause very definitely remains: To speak and to act for, never to relent, that the Church's teaching be part of life and law, that each person is created in God's image and likeness, entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
MSGR. CAMPION, a priest of the Diocese of Nashville, is associate publisher of Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., and editor of The Priest magazine.
Copyright © 1996-2018 Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.


text:
Members of this committee currently include:
|Caching Name
|Hill Folk
Objective: To help maintain strong relations with the land managers in the State of Iowa, including the Iowa DNR, County Conservation Boards, City Parks and Recreation Departments, US Army Corps of Engineers, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
- To compile information on all geocaching policies for the IGO web site.
- To answer the questions of land managers and assist them in developing sound and fair geocaching policies.
- To assist in obtaining permission and remind geocachers of obtaining necessary permits.
Who Should sign up? - Anyone with good communication skills who is willing to help educate Land Managers and geocachers about our sport.
Ideally committee members are located in different areas across the state, but that is not necessary.


text:
IT Management Slideshow: 10 Ways to Defuse Conflict Within Your IT Teams
By Dennis McCafferty | Posted 07-22-2011
In leading IT teams, it's inevitable that you'll see things heat up among members. Heck, you may even find yourself drawn into the fire. In many cases, the best way to put out these blazes is to douse the flames early on. In other cases, it's best to let conflict take its course and allow your employees to work things out like mature professionals. Clearly, this is a judgment call - a nuanced aspect of management that they likely didn't teach you in school. The recent book "Conflict 101: A Manager's Guide to Resolving Problems so Everyone Can Get Back To Work" (Amacom/Available now), examines the essence of workplace confrontation and offers a wide range of best practices for CIOs and other senior executives to consider. Author Susan H. Shearouse establishes guidance and modeling behaviors that you can provide to help your teams work things out on their own. And it also sheds insight on steps you need to take if your personal involvement is required. Shearouse is a consultant and mediator specializing in differences resolution for organizations such as Lockheed Martin, the Federal Aviation Administration and the IRS.
Loading Comments...


text:
Washburn University Libraries / All Locations
Your session will expire automatically in
Continue session
End session now
Web Access Management Login
For example, type "Jane Smith" and then press the ENTER key.
Your Name:
For example, type "312312..." and then press the ENTER key.
WUID (without the W) or Barcode Number:
All ATLAS Libraries
ATLAS Member Websites:
Washburn University Mabee Library
Washburn University Carnegie Education Library
Washburn University School of Law Library
Kansas Supreme Court Law Library
Kansas Historical Society Library and Archives


text:
Writing a successful grant proposal requires a lot of know-how and research, but with the right training, the right resources, and the right attitude it can be a very rewarding experience (and certainly more so when the dollars for that project of yours start coming in!). The links below are intended to help you in the research and writing process. We hope these resources will also help you gain fuller insight into the grant-making world and its relationship with OC. Happy hunting!
OC Info:
See the University Profile for enrollment statistics, course offerings, student demographics, and University accolades.
To learn more of the story behind Oklahoma Christian, visit the OC History site.
General Research:
National and regional statistics prove invaluable to many grant proposals. Finding those statistics is not always easy, however. The following sites should help you greatly in your research:
U.S. Census Bureau: American FactFinder
View community demographics, earnings reports, household statistics, and various other reports. Click here to see the facts on Oklahoma.
Provides community profiles for 1000s of cities nationwide. To view the City of Edmond's profile, click here.
Foundation Research and Grant Listings:
Now that you have a project in mind, how do you go about finding organizations that will be interested in partnering with you on that project? Well, lucky for you there are thousands of foundations out there just waiting for the right project to come along--you just have to know where to look! The links below will help you to explore the philanthropic landscape and to identify potential organizational partners:
The Chronicle of Philanthropy Online
The Chronicle is a valuable source of information for professionals in the non-profit world. The publication's webpage showcases the latest trends in philanthropic giving and highlights recent grants made nationwide. View the Grant Deadlines to see upcoming grant competitions.
ED Grants
Listing of current grant competitions through the Department of Education.
"The single access point for over 1000 grant programs offered by all Federal grant-making agencies." Most every government grant program announces competitions through Grants.gov. You can even register for email notification of grant opportunities, if you wish.
Online database of non-profit organizations around the world. The website provides useful background information and funding interests for many Oklahoma foundations. Unfortunately, little is available without a paid subscription. (But if you spot a potential partner, contact the Foundations Team and we will help you research further!)
Council on Foundations
The Council provides some useful information on understanding philanthropy and the basics of grant-making. The site also allows registered members to search for community foundations across the nation.
Foundation Center Online
The Center collects, organizes, analyzes, and disseminates information on foundations, corporate giving, and related subjects. The Center's website explains grant-writing fundamentals and the basics of philanthropy, and provides research tools for fundraisers.
FundsNet Services Online
This site allows you to search for foundation and corporate partners by category and major interests. The database includes research and background information on local foundations, national grantmakers, regional funders, international funders, government programs, and more.
RFP Bulletin
The RFP (Request for Proposals) Bulletin is published weekly by the Philanthropy News Digest. Listings provide brief overviews of current funding opportunities through foundations and other grant-making organizations.
Yahoo! - Grant-Making Foundations
This Yahoo! Directory allows you to conduct word searches that are restricted to the webpages of grant-making foundations. The directory also allows you to search by giving interests and regional focus.
Grant-writing Help & How-tos:
Crafting a grant proposal from the ground up requires strategic planning and finesse. Moreover, it requires a thorough understanding of the typical grant review process--what information is commonly sought after and what is regularly discarded. Navigating this process can be frustrating without the right resources and the proper guidance. Fortunately, there are some tried and true strategies for grant-writing success, which we would like to share with you via the links below:
Grantsmanship Center
The Grantsmanship provides training and resources for non-profits and grant-seekers nationwide. Their website includes help and how-to articles on proposal writing and grant-seeking.
Online Orientation to the Grantseeking Process/Guide to Funding Research
This overview comes from The Foundation Center and discusses many important fundamentals to grant-writing, including: approaches to funding research, what funders look for, types of support, hints on proposal writing, and more.
Grant Proposal Writing Tips
This page, from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (which reviews hundreds of proposals each year), lists several clear and useful tips for developing successful grant proposals.
This site, developed by longtime grant-writer, Elizabeth Brunner, provides a thorough overview of the grant-seeking process. It includes discussions on research, inquiry and cover letters, standard components of a proposal, advice from funders, and more.
The Foundation Center's Proposal Writing Short Course
This free, online course goes through the major components of a typical grant proposal and recommends strategies for more effective writing.
Writing a Successful Grant Proposal
Developed by the Minnesota Council on Foundations, this guide for writing grant proposals examines the grant-seeking process in a thorough, step-by-step fashion. Entries take the reader from the brainstorming stage to stewarding awarded funds.