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New 'Duck Dynasty' Stars Alan, Lisa Robertson on His Wild Past, Ministry and Joining the Show
Alan Robertson, the newest cast member of the hit A&E show "Duck Dynasty," made his debut on the network last week during the season 4 premiere after leaving his pastoral ministry to join his family's duck call business.
Prior to stepping into the spotlight, Robertson ministered at White's Ferry Road Church of Christ in West Monroe, La., for over 20 years. He and his wife, Lisa, recently sat down with CBN News' "700 Club" for an interview to discuss their decision to leave their ministry, his journey to Christ and the humble beginnings of Duck Commander.
Once known as a rebellious teenager, Alan faced a fair share of challenges before he was called to lead a congregation.
"My high school years were just terrible and it was all a secret life – running around and drinking and cutting up," he said. "So I was at the worst possible place. I was hiding in plain sight. I was in the church but I wasn't a Christian. I wasn't living for Christ."
After committing his life to God and years later during his time in ministry, Alan continued to face challenges in his personal life, including his marriage, but according to him, those obstacles made him stronger. Two decades later and a successful ministry left in the hands of other pastors at White's Ferry Road Church, he and Lisa have found a new calling and one that will allow them to reach millions they otherwise would not have access to.
"To have a great church is good. But there are people out there that's not ever going to darken the doors that we have here and they may not ever darken the doors of any church building," said Lisa.
Their decision to leave the pulpit for the reality show stemmed from the realization that their ministry could have an impact on a worldwide audience through their family's mega successful TV series.
"If we can give them a little taste of Christianity, a little taste of God, but in a fun way to tell them that just because you are a Christian doesn't mean that you can't have loads of fun and laugh all the time and just enjoy what God's given you," said Lisa.
Their debut on the show last week gave audiences a taste of their Christian background as nearly 12 million viewers tuned in for the season premiere on Aug. 14. Now, audiences will become acquainted with the Robertsons throughout the series as they showcase their journey in embracing their new roles as reality stars.
"I really feel like God had prepared us for such a moment as this," Alan said. "And when America needs some family to say, 'Hey, we can make mistakes, you know, we can come from nothing. We can have all these things now, but ultimately none of it matters except that we're saved and we're going to be in heaven forever with Christ.'"
That same humble attitude is seen in his parents, Phil and Kay Robertson, as well as his brothers and sisters-in-law who appear on the show. Now that their business has earned them international recognition, Alan remembers a time when their multi-million dollar empire was just beginning.
"We made everything in there," said Alan during the interview, pointing to an old shed behind his dad's house. "There used to be an old band saw out back and I used to cut [duck] calls in half. I was little, I was 12 years old, I mean, OSHA, we didn't know what OSHA was in those days."
Over the years, Alan and Lisa have remained unpretentious despite their family's success, which Lisa says is an attitude derived from her mother-in-law.
"She says that whenever she prays she says if the money or the fame or anything ever takes us away from Christ, then take it all away and leave us with nothing. You know, because when we're with nothing, we've got everything with Christ," said Lisa.
Aside from helping Duck Commander expand, the Robertsons say they will continue to spread God's word and Alan will take on speaking engagements throughout the country alongside his father.
"I call us the feather and the sledge hammer. I come in and I get people laughing. I get their tickle bone because I'm kind of the humor guy," said Alan. "And then dad comes in with a sledgehammer – boom! You know, 'This is what God has done for you. This is what our nation needs. Boom, boom, boom.'"
During these events, Alan says he makes it known that he is related to the beard-rocking 'Duck Dynasty" clan despite his lack of facial hair, since many question the connection at first glance.
"I figure you need to know what they look like underneath so a lot of times I'll go out in a crowd and say, 'What about if I did this?'" he says as he covers his mouth and chin as though he has a beard. "And people say, 'Oh, that's more like it' 'cause they get the vision and they can tell I belong to the family," said Alan.
But according to Lisa, she prefers him to keep his clean-shaven image.
"You know, when there are things crawling out of your beard or whenever you've got food left from lunch or dinner, I don't know, that just kind of grosses me out," she said.
And he agrees.
"I don't want to get stuck with that look, I mean, are you kidding me?"
Duck Dynasty airs on A&E every Wednesday at 10/9C.


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Jerry Bengston took advantage of a defensive mix-up to score the winning goal in the 79th minute as Honduras beat the United States 2-1 Wednesday in the opener of the final qualifying round for next year's World Cup.
Clint Dempsey put the Americans ahead in the 36th minute but the Americans, using a new-look defense that featured Omar Gonzalez and Timmy Chandler, gave up the lead when Juan Carlos Garcia leveled the score in the 40th at San Pedro Sula.
Bengston, who plays for Major League Soccer's New England Revolution, scored the winner when defender Geoff Cameron and goalkeeper Tim Howard both went for a pass by Maynor Figueroa to Oscar Boniek Garcia. That allowed Garcia to tap the ball across to Bengston for a shot into an open net, and Gonzalez was too late to challenge him.

subset: commoncrawl


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Common crane
(Grus grus)
Facts about this animal
The common crane is a medium-sized crane species. Males are about 115 cm long, have a wing span of 180-200 cm and weigh about 5-6 kg. Females are slightly smaller.
The plumage is mainly grey with a cloak of loose feathers falling over tail. The head is darker grey, the upper neck marked by a white band from the eye to the upper back. The flight feathers are black.
Did you know?
that the main threat to Common Cranes is habitat loss and degradation which has occurred throughout their range? The principal causes are drainage, dams, changes in agricultural practice, development and other human activities.
|Name (Scientific)
|Grus grus
|Name (English)
|Common crane
|Name (French)
|Grue cendrée
|Name (German)
|Grauer Kranich
|Name (Spanish)
|Grulla común
|Local names
|Croatian, Serbian: Sivi zdral
Czech: Jerab popelavý
Danish, Norwegisn: Trane
Dutch: Kraanvogel
Estonian: Sookurg
Finnish: Kurki
Greek: Geranós
Hungarian: Daru
Italian: Gru
Latvian: Dzerve
Lithuanian: Pilkoji gerve
Polish: Zuraw
Portuguese: Grou-comum
Romanian: Cocorul-mare
Romansh: Gru grisch
Slovakian: Zeriav popolavý
Slovenian: Zerjav
Swedish: Trana
|CITES Status
|Appendix II
|CMS Status
|Appendix II
Photo Copyright by
Marek Szczepanek
|The common crane is widely distributed in the Old World and occurs in the following countries either as breeding bird or as regular visitor: Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR, Korea Rep, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal Lao PDR, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen Europe: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia former Yug. Rep., Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom As an occasional visitor the species may be encountered in many more countries, including in eastern Canada, and the United States
|Tundra, open forest, shrubland, steppe and wetlands.
|Wild population
|The global population isestimated to be 270,000 individuals by Wetlands International (2002).
|Zoo population
|125 birds, mostly of the nominate subspecies reported to ISIS (2007).
In the Zoo
How this animal should be transported
For air transport, Container Note 17 of the IATA Live Animals Regulations should be followed.
Find this animal on ZooLex
Photo Copyright by
J. M. Garg
Why do zoos keep this animal
The common crane is not a threatened species. Zoos keep it primarily for educational reasons and as an ambassador species for wetland conservation.


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Medical Recruiting Brigade
Arriving Soldiers
Educators/Future Soldiers
Welcome Future Soldiers
I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate each "Future Soldier" regarding your decision to serve as a member of the Army Medical Department, United States Army. I understand that for some the decision was more challenging but the outcome will be rewarding for all. The intent of this site is to offer some assistance and information. Please do not hesitate to provide feedback. Awareness and focus are essential to any game plan, or as we like to say in the brigade, "Vigilant and Steadfast"--remain in contact with your recruiter, they are there to assist you along this journey. I wish all of you the best in your near and future endeavors.
Please click on this link to access the AMEDD Leader Development Branch website for Fort Sam Houston,Texas. This site will provide you with information on your up coming basic course and numerous other facts you will need to know.
If you have been accepted to the Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP) you will need to get with your recruiter to get a user ID and password for this site, MODS . All HPSP selects must register and maintain their information in the Medical Operational Data System (MODS) to received credit and pay.
COL Heather Kness
Commander, Medical Recruiting Brigade
Our Battalions
USAREC | Cadet Command | USATC Fort Jackson | AKO Army Knowledge Online
USAAC Home | USAAC Enterprise Portal | Privacy & Security Notice
Date Last Modified: Wed Jun 21 14:09:19 EDT 2017
The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the
United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC)
of this Web site or the information, products or services contained therein.
For other than authorized activities such as military exchanges and Morale, Welfare and Recreation sites, the
United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC)
does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations.
Such links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this DoD Web site.


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San Diego Collection
J&L Collection
Bruce Scher Collection - "Hidden Liberty II" Collection
Heritage 1/2008:3414, $69,000 - Heritage 4/2008:2528, $86,250 - Heritage 7/2009:1388, $77,625 - "Empire" Collection - Heritage 1/2015:4438, $73,438
Ron Guth: The 1900-dated Lafayette silver dollar represents the first United States commemorative coin of that denomination and the only silver dollar commemorative to be minted until decades later in the 1980s. Interestingly, from an official viewpoint the "1900" designation appearing on the Lafayette dollar is not the official date of the coin. Indeed, apparently, the coin has no official date.
In 1899 the Lafayette Memorial Commission sought to raise funds to erect in Paris in 1900 (in connection with the Universal Exposition to be held there) a statue of General Lafayette on horseback, to be sculpted by Paul Wayland Bartlett. This was to be a gift of the American people to honor the Frenchman who in 1777, when he was not quite 20 years old, risked his life and fortune when he paid for French troops to come with him to America to aid the colonists. Although he was wounded in the Battle of Brandywine, Lafayette, who received the designation major general, served until the end of the war. In 1824 the French hero of the American Revolution visited the United States once again, was given a grand welcome, toured all 24 states, and was designated by Congress as "the nation's guest." The relationship between America and France has been close ever since that time, as evidenced, among other things, by France's gift to America of the Statue of Liberty, dedicated in 1886.
In early 1899 the Commission petitioned Congress for an appropriation to coin 100,000 commemorative half dollars. By the time the legislation was approved on March 3, 1899, the authorization was for 50,000 silver one-dollar pieces, to be known as Lafayette dollars, to bear designs selected by the director of the Mint, with the approval of the secretary of the Treasury. The Treasury was authorized to purchase in the open market $25,000 worth of silver bullion or as much as might be needed to coin such pieces. Subsequently the quantity of 38,675.875 ounces of fine silver was purchased for $23,032.80, making possible the striking of 50,000 coins per the legislation, plus an additional 26 pieces for the assay. It was intended that the coins be sold for $2 each to the public.
The die work for the Lafayette dollar was accomplished by Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber, who, according to conventional history, took the portrait of Washington from the famous bust by Jean Antoine Houdon (the same portrait that was to be utilized years later by John Flanagan when the 1932 Washington quarter dollar was created). Lafayette's portrait, which appears behind and slightly forward of Washington's, was said to have been taken from an 1824 "Defender of American and French Liberty" medal made in France by François Augustin Caunois.[1]
However, as historian Arlie Slabaugh has pointed out, the conjoined portraits of Washington and Lafayette on the obverse of the 1900 commemorative dollar were almost certainly plagiarized by Barber from the obverse of the Yorktown Centennial medal of 1881, made from dies engraved by Peter L. Krider.[2] Stated more kindly, the Yorktown medal was an intermediary between the commemorative dollar and the earlier work of Houdon and Caunois. The shadow relief of Barber's work is but a travesty of Krider's extremely detailed high-relief artistry.
Bartlett's Statue
On the reverse of the Lafayette silver dollar was shown Bartlett's statue of Lafayette on horseback, a representation taken from an early model that differed in certain respects from that eventually erected in Paris. Bartlett's surname appeared on the coin.
The project had its inception when a Chicagoan suggested that a statue honoring Lafayette be paid for by a subscription among American schoolchildren, and that an American sculptor be commissioned to do the work. Karl Bitter (who had supervised the sculpture exhibits at the World's Columbian Exposition) was contacted, but he suggested that Paul Wyland Bartlett, who had spent much of his adult life in Paris and who had close ties with France, would be a better choice. On July 4, 1899, the architect of the Louvre, then visiting New York City, approved Bartlett's sketches, which the artist had created in New York. The actual work of sculpting in plaster was done by the artist in the small French village of St. Leu. Exhibited at the Louvre, the finished plaster model was widely admired. This was the version depicted on the 1900 Lafayette dollar.
In the meantime in 1899 schoolchildren all over the United States engaged in fund raising, many of them contributing coins from their savings toward the sum of $50,000 needed to create the statue and present it to France in time for unveiling in connection with the 1900 Exposition in Paris.[3] The Paris Exposition, or Exposition Universelle, was France's equivalent of the World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago seven years earlier and showcased the achievements of the French nation. Certain of the settings were designed by Alphonse Mucha, master of the Art Nouveau movement.
As quoted by Lorado Taft,[4] Bartlett described the first version of his statue as follows: "Lafayette is represented in the statue as a fact and a symbol, offering his sword and services to the American colonists in the cause of liberty. He is shown sitting firmly on his horse, which he holds vigorously…. Lafayette's youthful face is turned toward the west, his sheathed sword being slightly uplifted and delicately offered. He appears as the emblem of the aristocratic and enthusiastic sympathy shown by France to our forefathers. His youth, his distinction, his noble bearing, the richness of his costume and of the trappings of his horse – everything serves to emphasize the difference of his race and his education. The statue was desired for the Fourth of July, 1900, but the order was given so tardily that it was impossible to have the bronze ready. Indeed, the one-third sized model was completed but six weeks before the date of unveiling. A colossal plaster model was therefore prepared and used upon the occasion. That even this could be accomplished in six weeks is remarkable, but the French are at home in such problems. The 'working model' was sawed into pieces and distributed in several establishments in Paris; thus the horse and rider developed in various parts of the city at the same time.... These scattered fragments were brought together only a day or two before the ceremony but fitted perfectly."
Bartlett, however, was dissatisfied and set about making major changes. Lafayette's three-cornered hat was discarded as was his coat, the position of his arm and sword were changed, and a severer figure was created. A different type of horse was also employed, one less dashing and flamboyant. The new statue in bronze was installed in 1908 in the Place du Carrousel in the court of the Tuileries adjacent to the Louvre.
Unusual Features
A problem arose concerning the dating of the Lafayette silver dollar, for the Lafayette Memorial Commission desired that the pieces be struck as early as possible in the year 1899, but bear the date 1900 to coincide with the date of the Paris Exposition. Mint practice did not permit the antedating of a coin,[5] so the issue was circumvented by placing on the reverse an inscription which read as follows: ERECTED BY THE YOUTH OF THE UNITED STATES IN HONOR OF GEN. LAFAYETTE / PARIS 1900. Actually this legend referred to the date the statue was erected, not to the striking of the coins, so it can said that the coins themselves bore no date, a curious footnote in American numismatics.
Another aspect of the Lafayette silver dollar is that it depicts Washington for the first time on a legal tender coin made for public sale. Washington's portrait had been proposed for use on coins on numerous occasions including in 1791-1792 when United States coinage was being formulated prior to the opening of the Philadelphia Mint. In the 1860s his portrait was utilized on several varieties of pattern pieces. However, it was not until the Lafayette dollar became a reality that Washington's portrait actually appeared on a coin that achieved public distribution.
Still another interesting feature is the appearance of the denomination of the coin as LAFAYETTE DOLLAR, per the obverse inscription, rather than the standard ONE DOLLAR used before and since. This may have been inspired by the use of such wording as COLUMBIAN HALF DOLLAR and COLUMBIAN QUAR. DOL. to express the denomination of the commemorative half dollars and quarters issued for the World's Columbian Exposition.
Production of the Coins
Striking of all 50,026 Lafayette dollars was accomplished in one day, on December 14, 1899, at the Philadelphia Mint, utilizing an old press which spewed out the pieces at the rate of 80 per minute, equal to 4,800 coins per hour.[6] After striking, Lafayette dollars were mechanically ejected into a hopper. No care was given to preserving the surface quality for collectors. As a result, specimens with pristine surfaces are very elusive today.
An account from the Philadelphia Public Ledger, date not stated, described the striking on December 14, 1899:[7]
"There was very little ceremony Friday, only a small group of Mint officials, members of the Memorial Association and representatives of the press being present. The coin press used was an old one in the Mint, and had been exhibited all over the country at international and state expositions.[8] It was made years ago at Merrick's. It was operated by Miss Gleary.
"As the first coin, heated by tons of pressure put upon it, was taken from the dies, she handed it to Superintendent Boyer, of the Mint, and it was then inspected by the engraver [Charles E. Barber] and pronounced perfect. After showing it to Robert J. Thompson, secretary of the Lafayette Memorial Commission, it was given to Mr. Roberts, Director of the Mint, who had come on from Washington to be present on this occasion. After placing it in a suitable case it will be given to president McKinley, who will send it to the president of the French Republic."
An offer of $5,000 was made to the Treasury Department for the first Lafayette dollar struck, a reflection of the $10,000 offer that the Remington Typewriter interests had made for the first 1892 Columbian half dollar struck earlier in the decade. However, as noted, it was decided to send the first specimen to President William McKinley, who had it encased in a special presentation casket, which cost $1,000 and forwarded it by sea on the S.S. Champagne to France. Robert J. Thompson, secretary of the Lafayette Memorial Commission, delivered the coin to President Loubet in a special ceremony intended to be held on Washington's birthday, February 22nd, but which took place in the Elysée Palace on March 3, 1900.
Distribution of Lafayette Dollars
Relatively few Lafayette silver dollars were sold to coin collectors, and not much excitement appeared in print concerning them in the American Journal of Numismatics, The Numismatist, or in dealers' catalogues of the day. By a year or two later examples were available on the market for less than the $2 issue price. Reporting in The Numismatist, January 1903, on a meeting of the Providence (Rhode Island) Curio & Numismatic Association, George C. Arnold noted: "Another member stated that early in November when over to New York, he had purchased four Lafayette dollars for $1.10 each, and these you remember were issued at $2.00 each, the total issue being only 50,000." Arnold went on to relate: "Some 1,800 were left in the hands of the committee, 10,000 being returned from France."
Over a period of time approximately 36,000 Lafayette dollars were distributed. It is believed that some of the pieces were released into circulation at face value, and it is a certainty that many who acquired them at a $2 premium subsequently tired of them and simply spent the pieces, for today it is not unusual to see examples in grades such as Extremely Fine and AU. The unsold remainder, amounting to 14,000 coins, went to the Treasury Building in Washington, D.C., where unknown to collectors the pieces were stored in cloth bags of 1,000 each in the same vault used to store large bundles of currency (including $5,000 and $10,000 notes). In the meantime Lafayette dollars had become desirable numismatic items.
In 1945 the Treasury Department converted the pieces to silver bullion, not realizing that the coins could have been sold at 10 times face value or more. Aubrey and Adeline Bebee, dealers who specialized in commemoratives, learned of the cache from government records, but, upon contacting the Treasury Department, found that their inquiry did not come in time to save their destruction.
Collecting Lafayette Dollars
Interestingly, the Lafayette silver dollar was produced in several different die combinations, which have been described by George H. Clapp, Howland Wood, David M. Bullowa, and other numismatists.[9] The following is adapted from the descriptions given by David M. Bullowa in 1938:
Obverse 1: With a small point on the bust of Washington. The tip of Lafayette's bust is over the top of the L in DOLLAR. AT in STATES is cut high.
Obverse 2: With left foot on the final A in the AMERICA recut, and with the A in STATES high. Second S in STATES repunched (this is diagnostic).
Obverse 3: With AT in STATES recut and final S low. The letters F in OF and LAFAYETTE are broken from the lower tip of the crossbar and to the right base extension, and AMERICA is spaced as A ME RI C A. The period after OF is close to the A of AMERICA. The tip of Lafayette's vest falls to the right of the top of the first L in DOLLAR.
Obverse 4: With C in AMERICA repunched at the inside top (this is diagnostic). With CA in AMERICA differently spaced from the obverses just described.
Reverse A: With 14 long leaves and long stem. Tip of lowest leaf over 1 in 1900.
Reverse B: With 14 shorter leaves and short stem. Tip of lowest leaf over space between 1 and 9 in 1900.
Reverse C: With 14 medium leaves and short, bent stem. Tip of lowest leaf over 9 in 1900.
Reverse D: With 15 long leaves and short, bent stem. Tip of lowest leaf over 9 in 1900.
Reverse E: Tip of lowest leaf over space left of 1 in 1900.
The rarity ratings, slightly modified from those assigned by Swiatek and Breen, are as follows:[10]
1-A: Scarce
1-B: Most often seen variety
1-C: Very rare. Reported by Anthony Swiatek in 1980.
2-C: Rare.
3-D: Very rare.
4-E: Very rare. Discovered by Frank DuVall and first published in 1988.[11]
As a professional numismatist I have never received a want list for die varieties of Lafayette silver dollars – probably because the cost of Mint State coins is such that most collectors are satisfied with owning just one example to illustrate the type.
Lafayette dollars are fairly plentiful today. The majority of specimens encountered are apt to grade from AU-50 to MS-60. Cleaned and polished coins are common. MS-63 and finer examples are very elusive, and pristine MS-65 coins are rare and highly prized. In face, of all silver commemoratives, the Lafayette dollar in higher Mint State levels is one of the most elusive.
GRADING SUMMARY: As noted in the preceding commentary, no care was taken at the time of striking to create or preserve carefully pieces for collectors, and most Lafayette dollars showed planchet contact marks particularly at the centers of both sides, before they left the Mint.[12] By the time they were distributed, most coins were in a grade less than what we would call MS-63 today. Many seen on the present market have imperfect lustre and dull finishes. Most have marks due to handling and storage in bags. The reverses of many often lack detail. Some people have searched for a "rounded, full boot" on the Lafayette statue depicted on the reverse of the coin. Nearly all coins show friction and/or contact marks on the cheek of George Washington. To a lesser extent, such evidences will also be seen on Lafayette's bust on the obverse and on the higher parts of the statue on the reverse. Most coins have fields that are somewhat satiny, a characteristic of the reverse, in particular. Watch out for cleaned, polished, or overdipped coins, and beware of deeply toned coins which mask friction or wear. Attractive Lafayette dollars are very difficult to find, and you may have to reject quite a few before you find one that is aesthetically pleasing. This coin is quite underrated in this regard.
Commemorating: Erection of a statue of Lafayette in Paris in connection with the 1900 Paris Exposition
Obverse motif: Portraits of Lafayette and Washington
Reverse motif: Statue of Lafayette on horseback
Authorization date: March 3, 1899
Date on coins: 1900 (actually, the date of the statue's intended erection in Paris)
Date when coins were actually minted: December 14, 1899
Mint used: Philadelphia
Maximum quantity authorized: 50,000
Total quantity minted (including assay coins): 50,026
Assay coins (included in above): 26
Quantity melted: 14,000
Net number distributed (including assay coins): 36,026
Issued by: Lafayette Memorial Commission through the American Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago, Illinois
Standard original packaging: Coins were mailed in large manila envelopes bearing return address of OFFICE OF COMMISSIONER-GENERAL FOR THE UNITED STATES TO THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1900. LAFAYETTE MEMORIAL COMMISSION. CHICAGO. with certification that the envelope contained a certain number of Lafayette dollars. Such certification appears in the lower left corner and is signed by two individuals (appearing to be M.W. Buckley and A.W. Clark), most likely employees and not Commission members.
Official sale price: $2
Designer of obverse and reverse: Charles E. Barber
Interesting facts: Struck the year before the date appearing on the coin, on December 14, 1899, the 100th anniversary of Washington's death; Lafayette and Washington pictured on obverse, Lafayette on horseback on reverse, thus the first U.S. coin with the same person depicted twice on the same coin; first commemorative silver dollar; first depiction of a president on a publicly distributed legal tender U.S. coin.
[1] Caunois (June 12, 1787-1859), a pupil of Dejoux, enrolled in the École des Beaux-Arts in 1813. Later he became a medalist who was well known for his portraits.
[2] Krider was a prolific medalist during the late 19th century. He is also remembered for assisting with restriking 1861-dated Confederate States of America cents in 1874.
[3] A smaller version of this statue was later displayed at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition held in San Francisco in 1915.
[4] Taft was one of America's best-known sculptors; unfortunately, he was never associated with coinage. Taft was interested in numismatics, particularly in medals, and on at least two occasions welcomed groups of visitors consisting of American Numismatic Association convention attendees. The quotation is from The History of American Sculpture (New York, 1930), as in turn quoted by Cornelius Vermeule in Numismatic Art in America (1971, p. 101). Trygve Rovelstad, designer of the 1936 Elgin Centennial half dollar, studied under Taft and was considered to be an especially brilliant pupil.
[5] Per Revised Statutes, 3517, which stated that coin inscriptions were to include "the year of the coinage." Among later commemoratives, particularly for certain issues minted in 1930s and onward, this statute was widely ignored. For example, 1938-dated New Rochelle half dollars were minted in 1937.
[6] Contemporary accounts mention only one press. If just one press was used, minting would have continued into the evening.
[7] As quoted by Tom Culhane, writing in The Commemorative Trail, Fall 1988, page 29.
[8] Including at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, where it had been used to strike brass medals which were sold for 25¢ each.
[9] The general descriptions given here are from The Commemorative Coins of the United States, David M. Bullowa, 1938, p. 20. Also see The Encyclopedia of U.S. Silver & Gold Commemorative Coins, Anthony Swiatek and Walter Breen, 1980, pp. 129-130.
[10] Variety 4-E was unknown to Swiatek and Breen in 1980 but is mentioned by Walter Breen in his 1990 appendix to the second printing of the work.
[11] The Commemorative Trail, Fall 1988, p. 14.
[12] Most such marks seen on otherwise high-grade Mint State coins seem to be planchet abrasions, from the original blank planchet surface still visible at the center, due to incomplete striking up in that area (per a comment from Bill Fivaz to the author, February 3, 1991).
David Hall: The 1900 Lafayette dollar is one of the most important issues of the silver commemorative series. It is the only silver dollar commemorative of the 1892-1954 "classic era" of U.S. commemorative coinage. The Lafayette dollar was actually struck in December, 1900. The original amount struck was 50,026. There were 14,000 coins melted as unsold at the $2 issue price, leaving an effective mintage of 36,036 coins. Though this is not a particularly low mintage by silver commemorative standards, the Lafayette was an early issue in the series and many specimens saw circulation. The typical surviving Lafayette grades in the AU50 to MS62/63 range. There are a number of lower grade examples. Specimens in MS64 are scarce, and MS65 examples are rare. Above MS65, Lafayettes are very rare.
The relative rarity in Gem condition can be explained by the fact that the surfaces are large (as a silver dollar is considerably larger than a half dollar) and the design is quite flat. This design set-up attracts marks and abraisions and there are also a number of survivors with noticeable high point "rub". Hence the rarity of Gem examples. The luster on Lafayettes is typically a mix of satiny surfaces and a soft frosty iridescent look. A Gem condition Lafayette is a really beautiful coin. It is also highly desirable and one of the key issues in the silver commemorative series.
© 1999-2018 Collectors Universe NASDAQ: CLCT


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(Wasabia japonica) Variety 'Misuma' Chances are, the wasabi you've never had real wasabi but rather a combination of mustard, horseradish, and food coloring. Native to Japan, it is grown for its unique, enlarged stem or rhizome. Wasabi prefers shade and cool temperatures, so is well suited to the Pacific NW. The highest grade of wasabi is grown in moving water but it does just fine in soil and in containers. Wasabi grows best in summer shade on soils high in organic matter, well watered with good drainage. When planting wasabi, the crown should remain above the soil surface. Temperatures below 27° F. will kill the top growth and perhaps the whole plant so winter protection is advisable. Its ideal range is between 40 and 70 degrees. Slugs love it, so slug control may be necessary. Instructions are included with each plant! 4" pot.
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It was either the shot heard 'round the Golden State, or it was, in the words of Governor Jerry Brown, a "fart."
Texas Gov. Rick Perry has released a radio ad in California hoping to lure businesses to the Lone Star state. Unlike California, Texas has no corporate or state personal income taxes.
"Building a business is tough," Gov. Perry says in the ad, "but I hear building a business in California is next to impossible." In the commercial he touts Texas' "low taxes, sensible regulations, and fair legal system." (Hey, he remembered all three reasons!)


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
The Baltimore Ravens weren't the only winners on Super Bowl Sunday.
Niagara University also performed well on the world's biggest sporting stage, with current students and recent graduates involved in three different projects associated with Super Bowl XLVII in New Orleans.
Eleven students enrolled in NU's College of Hospitality and Tourism Management were selected for the five-day trip to The Big Easy, where they greeted visitors, worked on Super Bowl Boulevard and took a few shifts at the NFL Experience, the league's interactive theme park, among the several other activities requested by organizers.
On Super Bowl Sunday, the hospitality, tourism and sport management majors offered hospitality services during the sold-out NFL On Location pregame party, before attending the game and coordinating the postgame hoopla on the field at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome.
"Being able to work with NFL On Location at Super Bowl XLVII was a true once-in-a-lifetime experience," exclaimed senior Dan Pearson. "There were also so many events that not only went on at the Superdome, but throughout the city of New Orleans. Having the opportunity to work at pregame and postgame parties and ensure every fan had a memorable experience wherever I could time was very humbling. I know this trip will only help me in my future sports career."
On the Monday morning following the game, the students woke up early to volunteer in a soup kitchen at the St. Vincent de Paul Society in Baton Rouge.
"While volunteering at the Super Bowl was an experience in itself, being able to give back to the people of the Baton Rouge community was also a rewarding experience," stated senior Alexis Wayne. "Considering Niagara is a Vincentian university, it only felt fitting that we had the opportunity to volunteer for the St. Vincent de Paul Society in Louisiana. It felt good being able to relate the values we've learned at Niagara to a completely different community."
This is the fifth time in seven years that Niagara University students have participated in the NFL's showcase event. And this time, the group was assisted by a pair of Niagara University alumni: Cameron Kovach, '11, a volunteer coordinator with the New Orleans host committee who attended Super Bowl XLV as an NU student; and Ashley Blossom, '11, who worked in the NFL Accreditation Center.
Similar service-learning experiences are offered regularly by the College of Hospitality and Tourism Management. This spring, for example, several sport management students will volunteer during Major League Baseball's spring training.
After graduating last May with a degree in communication studies, Derek Zeller hooked up with www.proplayerinsiders.com, a professional football website that's affiliated with the NFL Players Association. Zeller photographed seven Buffalo Bills games from the sidelines this year (including preseason) and then, in January, got the call to capture images of the numerous events in New Orleans leading up to the Super Bowl - as well as The Big Game.
"It has been such a surreal experience - a dream come true," said Zeller a few hours after snapping more than 3,000 pictures during Baltimore's 34-31 win over San Francisco. "Between the events to Radio Row to the game itself, you're used to seeing all these people on TV and now you're standing right next to them, shaking hands with guys like Jerry Rice and Andre Reed."
Meanwhile, Carmen Ruby Floyd, a 2000 Niagara University alumna, is used to rubbing elbows with A-list celebrities. The successful Broadway actress has performed for Ruby Dee, August Wilson and Bette Milder, and her work has given her the opportunity to meet former President Bill Clinton, Diana Ross Tom Hanks and Sarah Jessica Parker.
On Sunday, Floyd was featured prominently in Tide's "Miracle Stain" advertisement, a 60-second spot that was rated among the evening's top commercials by The New York Times, The Washington Post, USA Today and several others. Floyd played the role of the Baltimore Ravens fan who "mistakenly" washed her husband's 49ers jersey after it had incurred a stain in the shape of former San Francisco great Joe Montana.
It was Tide's first Super Bowl commercial since 2008.
Coincidentally, Floyd discovered that she would be working with the same director who coordinated a Sprint commercial she appeared in four years ago.
"It was quite wonderful and all we did was laugh on set," Floyd told WIVB Channel 4. "It was one of the easiest, best jobs. It's a wonderful blessing, it's really, really great and I'm so fortunate to do this."
In 2000, Floyd, then a student, appeared in a commercial for Niagara University.
For more information on Niagara University, visit http://www.niagara.edu or call 716-286-8700.


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I am studying for a test tomorrow and would like to know how I am doing. Right now I am going through Chapter 3 in the workbook. (I will be doing 4 and 5 later tonight.) Can someone check to see if I am right nor not?
The reputation of men and women is great my friend.
-Fama virorum et feminarum est magnorum amicus meus.
The people give much money to the sons of Romans.
-Populi multa pecunia filiis Romanorum dant.
My friend's son sees the girl.
-Mei amici filium puellam videt.
We often praise the boy's friends.
-Pueri amici saipe laundant.
Many men today do not love the wisdom of ancient philosophy.
-Multi viri hodie sapientiam antiquae philosophiae non amant.
I know I am messing something up with the underlined words (but this doesn't mean that these are the only ones!), but I need someone to break it down for me. My mind has dumped.


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Appointed by the Mayor, the Office of Finance and Management ensures the financial assets of the government are protected. The Office of Finance and Management is responsible for the City's financial management which includes: preparing the City budget, investing City funds, and compiling accounting data to prepare the annual financial reports.
The Office of Finance and Management oversees the processing of the Human Resources Division, Purchasing Division, and Barrett Law project debt.
Learn about the Local Homestead Credit Review Commission
2019 Proposed Budget Book
2018 Budget Book Adopted FINAL.pdf
Additional Budget Information
City of Indianapolis Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) - December 31, 2017
2017 Marion County Audited Financial Statements
Recent Grant Proposals
Suite 2222200 E. Washington St.Indianapolis, IN 46204
Hours: 8:00-5:00 (M-F)Phone: (317) 327-4310
Click here to viewonline City auctions


text:
Brand Strategy - Visual Identity - 2D & 3D Packaging Design - Retail Experience Design
In just 15 years, Nespresso has become one of the most successful global food and beverage brands in the world. As the global brand guardian since the beginning, we inform every aspect of the Nespresso brand experience from product innovation to its AAA sustainability programme.
Our challenge was to create a new market in coffee consumption, leveraging proprietary internal technologies at Nestlé and become the icon for the best coffee in the world.
FutureBrand foresight identified shifting trends in food and coffee consumption towards gastronomy and quality, and the rise of desire for every day luxury experiences.
To establish Nespresso's uniqueness and superiority, we developed a global brand universe to showcase luxury codes from product and packaging design to retail experience and loyalty. The Nespresso Club was central to this strategy, building on the insight that consumers want to be part of luxury brands, not just use them.
We are proud to have been working with Nespresso for over 15 years. With an average of 30% growth since 2000, Nespresso continues to be the fastest growing global brand in the Nestlé Group. Its contribution to net profit is three times that of the other brands within the Nestlé portfolio.
Richard Girardot, CEO of Nestlé Nespresso SA
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Reasons To Adminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-47090992009648833142012-06-16T16:08:00.000-07:002012-06-19T18:24:50.500-07:00Small Living Room Decorating Ideas: Focus On FunctionMost people think of their homes as a way to express their personal style and taste. Homes can reflect who we are, what we appreciate and our preferences. Decorating a home can be a rewarding experience that allows home owners to enjoy their space as much as possible, either by themselves or with company. However, the architectural configurations of a house can greatly limit what a home owner mayAdminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-79074273536270528902012-03-31T19:09:00.000-07:002012-07-31T19:02:37.919-07:00The Beauty of Long Hairstyles Casual Long Straight Hairstyles The right long hairstyle will bring your natural beauty to the forefront. People will notice your best features and skip over the blemishes. The style of your hair will make a great impression on the people who you meet. It is the shape of the face that determines your best style. Your hair is the frame for your face, and a great frame can make the restAdminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-69412535559665545032011-11-27T02:59:00.001-08:002012-07-09T20:22:26.916-07:00Bed BugsBed bugs are horrible! If your home is infested by this stinky insects, you will not feel comfortable living in the house anymore. Once bed bugs are in your house, you will lose comfort of sitting in your sofa or any other chair, your sleep will be in lack of quality because bed bugs are in your bed too (yes, this insects are named bed bugs primarily for this reason = bugging your bed?). The Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-11454396615317126222011-10-18T18:42:00.000-07:002011-10-18T18:43:31.453-07:00Halloween WallpaperHappy halloween. Put these halloween wallpapers on your computer and cellphone. Moon, Bats Halloween wallpaper for cellphone Blue moon halloween wallpaper for cellphone Devil halloween wallpaper for your computer Scary moon halloween wallpaper for your cellphone Have a scariest ever unforgettable Halloween day.Adminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-50753328793691081112011-10-02T15:53:00.000-07:002012-08-15T17:56:22.808-07:00Baby Shower Baby shower is held to celebrate the excitement of a baby on the way. Its a fine occasion where friend and relative share the happiness and to wish her a safe delivery. This the time to give blessings, well wish, advice, to share experience and of course, gift for the mom-to-be as well as the baby. Usually first time pregnancy celebrate baby shower, tough no rule that says the second, or third,Adminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-88066346485256649542011-09-21T02:46:00.000-07:002011-10-16T18:55:48.823-07:00Chocolate Cake It is always preferable to give present that is age appropriate, but when it come to give a 70 years old, it's best to think out of the box. Giving clothes or book will be too boring. Why not give them a colorful balloons, or a movie ticket, or a pass to Disney World? That would be like giving injection of some fun into their life. Or, better still, why not whip up a chocolate cake and their Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-25552783109733088792011-09-19T05:18:00.000-07:002011-10-16T18:55:15.902-07:00Birthday CakeA birthday party without a birthday cake? That would be like food without salt, just plain bland. Because no matter how delicious, how many courses of meal is to be served but birthday cake is the one people waiting for. So it should be nice and special. And no matter how many years it is your birthday has come, I am sure none will feel tired or bored to blow the candle, make a wish and cut the Adminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-72051945591922404192011-08-28T17:28:00.000-07:002011-12-14T17:51:00.080-08:00Black And WhiteBlack and white pictures are awesome. Black and white photograph shows you the deep beauty of its captured objects. It's also convey strong emotion behind its creation. The best known black and white photographer is Ansel Easton Adams, an American photographer and environmentalist. Black And White Girl Wallpaper Picture Black And White Lake View Picture Black And White Foggy Trees Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-9638412515236181722011-08-19T17:41:00.000-07:002011-12-14T17:47:47.956-08:00MW3 WallpaperCall of Duty Modern Warfare 3 - MW3 - is first person shooter video game developed by infinity ward with assisted development from Sledgehammer Games and Raven Software co developing multiplayer. This post includes MW3 wallpaper. Each image links to its original image location. Call of Duty - MW3 Wallpaper White Background Call of Duty - MW3 Wallpaper Illustration Call of Duty - MW3 Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-44838302401455512502011-08-19T01:57:00.000-07:002012-08-15T18:20:46.457-07:00Short HairThere are plenty options to style your short hair. The benefit of wearing your hair short is that you could get ready in a zap, also its easier to manage and to care, plus you'll save a lot of money in hair care products as you will only need a small amount. To look your most attractive, decide on a short hair style that is suitable for your face shape. You could style your short hair with prettyAdminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-92137537693723980802011-08-16T03:11:00.000-07:002011-08-16T03:16:28.957-07:00Blue EyesGirls, are your eyes blue? Then you have the most attractive eyes with you, without winking at all. Seriously, blue eyes make boys want to look deep into your eyes. Blue eyes are glaring, for boys, take a look at a glance is not enough. Do your blue eyes need makeup? The answer is no! But your fashion need so. 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A baby photo contains something in addition to only the cute little being. To a parent, everything a baby does is worth capturing, it exhibits the parents' affection and shows to everyone the depths of multi-dimensional human feelings. Cutest baby picture Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-3479753957158505422011-08-06T01:23:00.000-07:002012-08-15T18:25:25.610-07:00Long HairstylesHaving a silky, flowing long hairstyles are very satisfying for women, and even suitable for some men too. The options are never-ending when it comes to styling lengthy fine hair. Long hairstyles can be straight and sleek long hair style, textured and curly long hair style, updos and long hair style. You could add some bang and layers to your simple long hair in order not to look boring. If you Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-5320059360684355612011-08-03T03:31:00.000-07:002012-08-15T17:54:22.283-07:00Baby Shower CakesBaby shower cakes have some different names. Some time it is called a diaper cake if it is made out of diapers that arranged to look like a cake, some time, it is made out of other baby type items, or just a baby cake that is really a cake , actually be made out of a cake. Of course you can eat it. Make sure the mother to be is agree with the type of baby shower cake that you are looking for whenAdminhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-49437225455142280992011-07-29T19:25:00.000-07:002012-08-15T17:45:20.090-07:00I Love YouI love you. The 3 magical, ever important words. They say action speaks louder than words, but no matter how wonderful a lover you might be, if you never or rarely say I love you to your partner I'm sure he/she will not be happy about it. So, have you ever say "I love you" to someone special? Try to be more creative. Say it with pictures, put them on Facebook wall, on fridge, on her/his room Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-55787826452382282412011-07-28T16:45:00.000-07:002012-07-31T19:22:47.659-07:00Emma Watson HairstylesEmma Watson hairstyles has been long, medium and now pixy short hairstyles. By the age of fifteen Emma had already done justice with the four parts of "Harry Potter" released and was being lauded for her convincing performance in the films. The character Hermione has strong personal attributes which range from wit, loyalty and intelligence to innocence of the children and fear of the unknown, Adminhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2449578323289656376.post-60729368054665406512011-07-27T21:48:00.000-07:002012-08-28T19:43:34.930-07:00Graduation HairstylesWhen you go for graduation event, it's time to use formal hairstyles. 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ICD-10 Diagnosis Code S04.891
Injury of other cranial nerves, right side
Diagnosis Code S04.891
Short Description: Injury of other cranial nerves, right side
Long Description: Injury of other cranial nerves, right side
This is the 2019 version of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code S04.891
Not Valid for Submission
The code S04.891 is a "header" and not valid for submission for HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00–T98)
Injuries to the head (S00-S09)
- Injury of cranial nerve (S04)
- Injuries to the head (S00-S09)
Information for Medical Professionals
Information for Patients
Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Also called: Neuritis, Peripheral neuritis, Peripheral neuropathy
Your peripheral nerves are the ones outside your brain and spinal cord. Like static on a telephone line, peripheral nerve disorders distort or interrupt the messages between the brain and the rest of the body.
There are more than 100 kinds of peripheral nerve disorders. They can affect one nerve or many nerves. Some are the result of other diseases, like diabetic nerve problems. Others, like Guillain-Barre syndrome, happen after a virus infection. Still others are from nerve compression, like carpal tunnel syndrome or thoracic outlet syndrome. In some cases, like complex regional pain syndrome and brachial plexus injuries, the problem begins after an injury. Some people are born with peripheral nerve disorders.
Symptoms often start gradually, and then get worse. They include
- Numbness
- Pain
- Burning or tingling
- Muscle weakness
- Sensitivity to touch
Treatment aims to treat any underlying problem, reduce pain and control symptoms.
NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Axillary nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Common peroneal nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Distal median nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Femoral nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Metabolic neuropathies (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Mononeuritis multiplex (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Neuralgia (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Neuropathy secondary to drugs (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Peripheral neuropathy (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Radial nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Sensorimotor polyneuropathy (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Tibial nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Ulnar nerve dysfunction (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]


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Gene Therapy Microbicide Protects Mice Against HIV
- Details
- Category: Microbicides
- Published on Friday, 20 May 2011 04:03
- Written by Children's Hospital Boston
CD4 cells engineered to knock out HIV genes or CCR5 co-receptors blocked viral infection in laboratory cells and humanized mice, suggesting they can be used in a vaginal microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of HIV.
Below is an edited excerpt from a press release issued by Children's Hospital Boston describing the research and its findings.
Mouse Studies Point to Long-Lasting Protection against
HIV Infection Using Topical, RNAi-based Microbicide
Using a technique that silences genes promoting infection, researchers have developed a novel, topically-applied molecular microbicide capable of preventing HIV transmission. The microbicide is predicted to have long-lasting effects in mice, opening the door to developing an intravaginal microbicide that could protect women against HIV infection potentially for weeks at a time and bolster public health efforts to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS.
The study, led by Lee Adam Wheeler and Judy Lieberman, MD, PhD, of the Immune Disease Institute and the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Children's Hospital Boston, was published online on May 16 in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
The microbicide takes advantage of a molecular phenomenon called RNA interference (RNAi), in which small pieces of RNA called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) silence the expression of individual genes with complementary sequences. Originally observed in plants, RNAi was found to be active in mammals only a decade ago, but it is already the focus of many clinical investigations.
Lieberman and Wheeler chose to investigate RNAi's potential to provide a molecular barrier against HIV transmission based on earlier work in her laboratory showing that the phenomenon could be harnessed to prevent herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmission, and also on recent advances in understanding how HIV penetrates the body. "The current model of HIV transmission holds that the virus is localized to the genital tract for about a week, which could provide a window of opportunity to intervene and prevent the infection from establishing itself throughout the body," said Lieberman. "And last year it was shown that it is possible to prevent HIV transmission, at least to some extent, with a topical vaginal agent using an antiviral drug, thus providing proof-of-principle that a topical strategy could interfere with virus transmission."
In the current study, the researchers used siRNAs that turned off two viral genes and that of one of HIV's two host co-receptors, CCR5. HIV uses CCR5, found on immune cells called T cells and macrophages, to gain entry into an uninfected person's immune cells and establish a foothold within the body. Individuals harboring mutations that deactivate CCR5 are resistant to infection with HIV.
To ensure that the siRNAs would be delivered only to the immune cells targeted by HIV, the research team linked the siRNAs to an aptamer -- a second piece of RNA designed to attach to a specific molecule -- that binds to HIV's main receptor, CD4, to create CD4 aptamer-siRNA chimeras (CD4-AsiCs).
"By using CD4 as a binding site but knocking down CCR5, we get specificity for the cells targeted by HIV but avoid the risk of interfering with the overall immune response," Lieberman noted.
When tested in vitro using cell lines and blood cells, the CD4-AsiCs bound only to immune cells displaying CD4 on their surface; turned off expression in those cells of the three targeted genes; and prevented HIV replication. In addition, CD4-AsiCs successfully penetrated cultured human cervicovaginal tissues to reach immune cells deep within the tissue layers, silence target gene expression, and prevent HIV infection of the cultures.
To test the effectiveness of this system in vivo, the study team applied CD4-AsiCs topically within the vaginal canal of female mice with humanized immune systems, and then exposed those mice intravaginally to HIV so as to mimic sexual transmission of the virus. As in the in vitro model, the CD4-AsiCs were able to penetrate through the vaginal walls of these mice to the immune cells within the tissues, deliver the siRNAs to cells displaying CD4, and turn off the expression of the targeted genes. Over the following 12 weeks, none of the mice treated with the siRNAs showed any biological signs of HIV infection, while all of the control mice progressed to full-blown HIV infection.
Lieberman thinks that the RNAi-based microbicide's specificity and duration of action make it attractive for further pharmaceutical development. "The problem with most topical methods for preventing sexual transmission of disease is that you have to use them just before having sex, and compliance is a huge issue," she said. "But our laboratory results show that we can knock down CCR5 expression potentially for weeks, suggesting that we could create a stable viral-resistant state where one would only have to apply the agent every couple of weeks."
According to Wheeler, the method's modularity suggests that its promise is not limited to HIV. "You could basically switch in or out any kind of siRNA or aptamer for any binding target to knock down any gene you would want, be it host or viral." Lieberman added, "Conceivably, one could include siRNAs against multiple viral agents in a cocktail to gain protection from multiple sexually transmitted diseases, including HSV and human papilloma virus."
Investigator affiliations: Immune Disease Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
LA Wheeler, R Trifonova, V Vrbanac, et al. Inhibition of HIV transmission in human cervicovaginal explants and humanized mice using CD4 aptamer-siRNA chimeras. Journal of Clinical Investigation (abstract). May 16, 2011 (Epub ahead of print).
Other Source
Children's Hospital Boston. Mouse Studies Point to Long-Lasting Protection against HIV Infection Using Topical, RNAi-based Microbicide. Press release. May 16, 2011.


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Commencement (June 8 through August 31)
There are no events in Commencement during the specified time period.
Event Topics
- Alumni
- Application Deadline
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BU Today: Latest Headlines
- Betsy DeVos Proposes New Rules for How Colleges Handle Sexual Harassment Claims November 16, 2018Betsy DeVos, US Secretary of Education, proposed controversial federal rule changes Friday that would require significant alterations in the way colleges and universities handle complaints of sexual harassment and sexual assault. The change that garnered the most attention was a requirement that a hearing be held where representatives of accusers and of their alleged victims […]
- Did You Win Free Tickets to Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald? November 16, 2018Today, the world of J. K. Rowling returns to the big screen when one of the most anticipated films of the fall season—Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald—opens across the country. A sequel to 2016's hit Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, the new film stars Oscar-winning actor Eddie Redmayne, returning as magizoolgoist Newt Scamander, […]
- Cinemathèque Screens Documentary about NYC Police Whistle-blowers Friday November 16, 2018Filmmaker Stephen Maing doesn't shy away from conflict. The Emmy-nominated Maing (COM'97) has earned a reputation for documentaries that focus on people who challenge the status quo. Filmed over five years, his first feature documentary, High Tech, Low Life (2013), chronicled two of China's first citizen-journalists who reported on censored news throughout their country. His next, The Surrender (2015), […]
- Win Free Tickets to Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald November 16, 2018After a two-year hiatus, this weekend moviegoers can once again be transported to J. K. Rowling's Wizarding World with the arrival of Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. A sequel to Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), it's the second of what's expected to be a five-film Fantastic Beast franchise, a prequel to […]
- Athleticism and Artistry Hallmark of BU Figure Skating Club November 15, 2018"Magic," "exhilaration," "empowerment," "happy place"—these are some words BU Figure Skating Club athletes use to describe how they feel about a sport that combines strength, athleticism, and artistic expression. As they'll tell you, doing jumps and multiple revolutions, then landing on one foot on a half-inch blade is special, but you'll see in our video […]


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Weekly AUDIO NEWS for Oct. 30, 2001
Nimbus Records Spins Down - Nimbus, the independent UK classical label, CD-pressing-plant owner and distributor of other CD labels, has gone into receivership. Gerald Reynolds, a director at Nimbus, made the announcement last Wednesday. He reported it reflected the current problems in the classical market, and with the events of 911 and what he called "the collapse in U.S. Consumer confidence" it was impossible to continue. All 16 staff were laid off.
The extensive Nimbus catalog made it a mainstay of the British market for over 15 years. It was central to fans of SSfM [Surround Sound for Music] because nearly its entire catalog was recorded in UHJ Ambisonic, which is the most successful method of achieving surround sound from only two channels. Nimbus even issued a successful series of historical recordings from old 78s which were played on a restored acoustic phonograph with a large "morning glory" horn and then recorded Ambisonically in a hall with excellent acoustics. In recent years Nimbus had stopped mentioning the Ambisonic encoding on the booklets or jewel boxes due to wanting to reduce confusion in the prospective buyers as to whether they had the proper equipment to play back the discs. (They are stereo compatible but tend to sound overly-reverberant without the most basic of passive decoding.)
Book Says Handel Was Gay - A new book by Ellen Harris published by Harvard University Press claims that George Frideric Handel of "Messiah" fame was homosexual. She says avoidance of gender for singers in a number of his cantatas, as well as a homosexual subtext in his operatic works points to this. She also describes the gay circle that strongly supported Handel in his day, which continues today. The book is "Handel as Orpheus, Voice and Desire in the Chamber Cantatas."
Drop in Worldwide CD Sales - Not just the classical CD market is suffering - mass-scale CD copying and piracy are having a strong impact on music sales worldwide. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry announced sales for the first half of 2001. They feel by 5% in value, the first decrease in a decade. The IFPI blamed CD burning hardware and websites with illegal music downloads, especially peer-to-peer networks such as Napster. The National Association of Recording Merchandisers also issued a similar statement blaming the decrease in music sales on the proliferation of CD-R and P2P. Taking a closer look at the quandary, it appears that all parties share blame in the downturn in recorded music - the record labels, the websites, and consumers themselves.
Negative Aspect of 911 on Consumer Spending Exaggerated - A new survey from the CEA shows that consumers in general now feel that "spending time/keeping in touch with family and friends.? "Staying abreast of world events" and "letting others know your whereabouts" to be much more important now that before the terrorist attacks. Respondents showed a 12% increase in phone use, 9% in surfing the Net, 4% more likely to buy wireless phones, and 7% more likely to sign up for broadband Net access.
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2009-11-18 / Columnists
Pets, Pets, Pets
The recording "Who Let the Dogs Out?" is #3 on a Rolling Stone poll of the most annoying songs of all time. It ranks right behind "The Macarena". Irritating as it is, this Baha Men tune is not nearly as annoying or frustrating as the town shelter "Who Let the Dogs Out?" lament concerning unclaimed strays. Too few of the lost dogs picked up by animal control or brought in by Good Samaritans are redeemed by owners.
On Long Island, most adult dogs, unlike less fortunate felines, had a home at some point in their lives. Therefore, who DID let the dogs out? Furthermore, why don't they come looking for them? It can't be that in each case either a little old lady died or the former family was abducted by aliens, leaving poor Fido to fend for himself.
Some strays are so unique that it becomes more remarkable that no one is on their trail. From the "Babylon Believe or Not" files, the strangest stray to date has to be the Shepherd that entered Babylon Shelter circa 1990 wearing a handsewn pirate costume. Nope, it wasn't Halloween. Staring now at his smudged Polaroid still in disbelief, I recall a new family adopted the pup sans his skull n' crossbones garb.
B. C. (Before Computers, that is) it was more difficult to track dogs via vets. Around the same time as the pirate pooch, a Doberman with an external othopedic rod and a limping Afghan whose leg x-ray showed she already had a surgical plate surfaced at the shelter. In both cases specialists had performed expensive operations, yet no one reclaimed either dog. With the help of various rescues, "Ruby" the Dobie went to ladies in Bayside while the Afghan received a new plate and then the doting home (and Icelandic name for "witch") of an Afghan who had just died.
More recently Babylon Shelter took in atypical foundlings- separate Yorkie puppies; a litter of tiny Shihtzus; a senior St. Bernard and last summer a young Dogue De Bordeaux (Turner & Hooch Mastiff) wandering at Belmont Lake. Wouldn't you notice if you were missing any of these dogs?
We realize that some folks callously dump their pets, whereas others are not telling the truth when they bring a "found" dog to the shelter; but until canines come equipped with polygraphs, we will have to piece together the clues to determine which are abandoned and which are really lost. This brings me to several current stray dog mysteries:
•First there is "Phelps", the Retriever mix (see "Pets" Beacon 10/1/09) who swam the Babylon canal into the waiting arms of the police. After several months unclaimed at the shelter, he went to Last Hope where he had a leg lump removed which turned out to be mast cell cancer. He is doing quite well but still needs a home.
•Next "Jersey Girl" is a black Shepherd in a slim Greyhound figure found foraging on industrial Jersey Street by Babylon Shelter. Lo & behold, there was a microchip in this emaciated gal that traced to disconnected phones in Shirley. Because of the chip, we now know Jersey Girl's real name, which shelter originally adopted her out, her age of 2 years 5 months old, but we haven't a clue how she got the 30 miles from Shirley to West Babylon. She too is a Last Hope (www. lasthopeanimalrescue.org) foster now.
•Then there is "Pops" an older Mini Poodle, representative of scores of senior Poodles, Malteses, Shihtzus, and Lhasas who materialize at our town shelters. With a shadowy veil over their eyes and skin scarred with neglect, these dogs are matted, filthy, and terrified. Once upon a time there was a caretaker; otherwise the oldsters could not have survived to this ripe age. They certainly don't look as if they would run away from home. Often it takes patience before these bewildered souls trust humans again, but they do after shelter personnel groom and nurture them.
•Finally there is "Roscoe", now at Oyster Bay Town Shelter, another contender for the most unusual, unclaimed stray dog ever. A lady found him several weeks ago on Forest Avenue near the Massapequa/ Seaford border. "Roscoe" is a young Shepherd mix with a bobbed tail. More important, he has what looks like a congenitally deformed front leg bent at a right angle. Roscoe holds it up like a waiter perpetually balancing a tray of cocktails. The leg seems bothersome because it pitches him forward when he walks. Despite his disability, Roscoe is a sweet and loving fellow. Roscoe's owner, where art thou?
As usual, the people who need enlightenment will never see this column. Preaching anyway- pet responsibility is an investment in devotion. Over and above food, shelter, and veterinary care, adopting a dog is not a whim or a phase, rather a lifetime- 15 to 20 year- commitment. Dogs should be wearing tags 24/7. Microchips with current contacts can always find you. When a dog goes missing, a reasonable search requires the owner's effort.
Often the lost pet is as near as your town shelter. You won't know unless you go there in person. To be perfectly honest, there are plenty of instances where the shelter staff and volunteers who truly care about your dog, hope you don't show up. Then they can do their best to find your dog a better home.
For Adoption: "Roscoe" #746 the sweet Shepherd with the deformed limb is available at Oyster Bay Town Shelter (516- 677-5784) Miller Pl. Syosset. However, "Pops" the Poodle #92872 and the rest listed are at Babylon Town Shelter (643-9270) Lamar St. W. Babylon.
Female: "Hallie", "Roxy", "Ginger"- vivacious variations on the Pit mix theme; "Penny"- eviction calico; "Silent Meow" in C-2- tabby with a dash of orange.
Male: black Corgi mix Cage 3; "Teddy"- Retriever Cage 6; friendly cats "Winston" & "Leo" in the lobby.


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Agricultural economists predict crop protection costs will rise just slightly in 2014.
"Most expectations are that we expect to see more of a nominal kind of average increase in crop protection chemicals," says Barry Ward, leader of production business management, Ohio State University.
According to Ward, crop protection costs will represent between 6% and 10% of a total farm budget for 2014. Budgets on the higher end of that spectrum represent those farms that choose to use a fungicide in addition to a standard weed control and insecticide program. So, growers should factor in a small increase in their crop protection cost portion of the budget for next year.
However, one input that may be immune to this predicted increase is the cost of herbicides, which may not rise at all for 2014.
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"If we maintain our present situation, looking forward into 2014, then I expect glyphosate prices will be pretty flat," says Ward. He notes that China is a big factor in the glyphosate market, since it dominates a large portion of glyphosate manufacturing in the world.
Alan Miller, a Purdue University farm business management specialist, agrees. In a Purdue Extension article from September, he says: "For the most part, chemical prices will be up slightly — about 1%. The exception is herbicide, where prices will remain flat."
Crop mix impact
One factor that may contribute to the overall expectation of a low increase in crop protection prices for next year is the type of crops that will be grown.
"Planted acreage may shift out of corn and into beans or other crops in 2014 if current market prices persist, which may negatively affect demand for fungicides and insecticides," says Miller.
The 2014 Purdue Crop Cost and Return Guide provides cost projections for farm inputs for 2014. Pesticide price predictions include the cost of insecticides and herbicides. On soil that has average productivity, the cost for pesticides on rotation corn will be $44/acre. For rotation beans, the cost is projected at $28/acre, and for wheat, it will be $12/acre.
Fungicides are not factored into those prices. The guide states: "If fungicide is applied, this will add an additional $28 to $32/acre for material and application. Pesticide costs can vary widely based on herbicides selected, required rate of application and product pricing."
Ward says farmers should take advantage of buying in bulk to keep crop protection costs low during the next growing season. He also notes it's important when making seed-buying decisions to consider seed and chemical package deals, but only if it makes sense for your farm.


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Ink Dish: Dinnerware with Attitude
- Location: Online
- Specialty: Bringing cutting edge artists to dishware
- Price range: $$
- Website: inkdish.com
Store History
- Founded: 2008
- Founded by: Caroline Harding
- Headquarters: San Diego
Caroline Harding was born into the dinnerware design industry. Her mother started off designing in Staffordshire and Limoges and, after graduating from art school, Caroline decided to join her in the ceramic design business as well. Four years ago Caroline started Ink Dish with a collaboration with tattoo artist Paul Timman. Since then Ink Dish has added more artists to their roster of designers.
Originally from the UK, Caroline had recently moved to San Diego when she decided to start Ink Dish. As much as she loved the dinnerware design business, Caroline was "feeling a little creatively stifled by years and years of painting flowers and butterflies and at the same time we were incredibly inspired by the contemporary artists we were seeing in the US." Caroline was sure there was a more imaginative approach to dinnerware decoration and so, with just a little capital, started working with tattoo artist Paul Timman. Following the success of that first line, Ink Dish now works with Austin artist Alyson Fox, Cleveland artist Dana Oldfather, and LA artist David Palmer.
(Images: Ink Dish)
Around the Web
- Ink Dish [Bobby Berk Home]
- Ink Dish at Newlywish[Newlywish]
- Q & A with Ink Dish[Find. Eat. Drink.]


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On both the clinical and commercial sides of the pharmaceutical business, the options for using data have proliferated to the point of becoming overwhelming. Everything is bigger, from the databases themselves, to the investment required, to the payoffs for getting it right.
The Walls Are Tumbling Down
Other sectors—namely the retail, consumer packaged goods, and financial industries—have been coping with Big Data for as long as a decade. So, why is it just now becoming topical in the pharmaceutical industry? There are two interrelated reasons.First, the healthcare delivery system has traditionally been very fragmented, and information has not flowed freely across entities. Rather, each party has used its own data (or created data as a biproduct of automation), and there was no impetus to share it. However, with the rapid increase in usage of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), which is the result of federal funding, the creation of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), and the rise of health information exchanges, those silos are breaking down. There is a drive to allow information systems to communicate with one another across all points in the delivery of care.
Second, there is a growing, almost insatiable, demand for information as healthcare becomes evidence-based. Every party in the system—from manufacturers, to payers, policymakers, to providers and patients—has much to gain from understanding what works and what doesn't. And that requires a comprehensive view that can only be gained from multiple data sources that, when amassed, become Big Data.
The Obama administration further reinforced the need for Big Data in its March 29 announcement of $200 million in funding for a "Big Data Research and Development Initiative," which seeks to improve our ability to extract knowledge and insights from large and complex collections of digital data. While the initiative is intended to address scientific discovery, environmental and biomedical research, education, and national security, healthcare clearly stands to benefit from such significant investment.
The new sources of information that are causing such a stir within the pharmaceutical industry include:
Electronic Medical Records. The data contained in these systems provide a detailed clinical picture within the site of care and contribute to an overall view of a patient's treatment pathway.
Social Media. Patients use social networking to, as the Pew Internet & American Life Project described it, "lend a hand, lend an ear, lend advice" to one another. "Listening in" on such public exchanges can provide rich insights into the patient or prescriber perspective.
Real-World Evidence. Privately funded and government-sponsored longitudinal studies produce a wealth of information on treatment practices, patient persistence and compliance, and health outcomes, which are increasingly required by payers.
Personalized Medicine. When, in the foreseeable future, an individual's genome can be mapped affordably, the amount of data—while staggering—will bring exponential value to medicine. It will be possible to go beyond understanding what works and what doesn't, to actually predicting what will work, person by person.
Track-and-Trace Systems. If the FDA succeeds in mandating that pharmaceutical companies install systems to track and trace their products, the systems would generate a data point every time a package "hits a node" on the distribution system.
When all of these elements are added to existing information sources—including secondary data, a company's own closed-loop marketing program, or other internal data—the Big Data challenge grows exponentially.


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Australian frigate HMAS Darwin has struck again, this time relieving drug smugglers of more than six tonnes of hash in a high seas bust off the coast of Africa.
The operation follows a succession of major seizures of hashish and heroin and other drugs, now totalling more than 12 tonnes, since Darwin deployed to the Middle East in March.
In the latest bust, Darwin's boarding parties located 315 bags, each containing around 20 kilograms of hashish, hidden aboard a smuggling dhow intercepted in international waters in the Indian Ocean.
The total haul came to 6248 kilograms, with an estimated street value of some $250 million.
Darwin commanding officer Commander Terry Morrison said the removal of this quantity of narcotics would have a significant impact on the funding of terrorist organisations.
Darwin is operating a part of Combined Task Force 150 whose commander, Royal Navy Commodore Jeremy Blunden said this was another outstanding result.
"My congratulations to Commander Morrison and his very fine ship's company who have set new standards for professionalism and teamwork in counter narcotics activity in the Indian Ocean," he said in a statement.
Hauls of seized drugs are dumped overboard and the crews of smuggling vessels sent on their way.