text:
|Trends and Challenges for Work in the 21st Century
Opinions and views in these papers are those expressed by the author(s). They are not to be taken as expressions of support for particular positions by the Department of Labor. Please do not cite these papers without prior permission of the author(s).
Robert I. Lerman
Stefanie R. Schmidt
The Urban Institute
Washington, D.C.
- Review the full report (PDF)
VII. The Low-Skilled Labor Market
The low-skilled labor market has changed markedly in the last decades. The returns to education and other measures of skill grew rapidly between the early 1970s and the early 1990s; the returns to skill have stabilized since then. The rising return to education has induced two important supply responses. First, young people have enrolled in college and completed college degrees at much higher rates. Second, young unskilled men, particularly black men, have decreased their labor force participation and their hours of work.
While inequality has increased among education groups, it has declined between men and women and blacks and whites. While evidence of labor market discrimination still exists, much of the remaining gap in black and white mens wages can be attributed to their level of skills before they enter the labor market.
Welfare reform and an expanding economy have pushed 1 million women on TANF into the labor market; the vast majority of former TANF recipients are low-skilled and have entered low-wage jobs. In addition, many unskilled immigrants have joined the labor force in several large American cities.
Despite rising levels of formal education, many adults lack the basic math and reading skills, work habits, and interpersonal skills that most employers require. Increasingly, those individuals have become disenfranchised from the market economy.
The future prospects of unskilled workers will depend largely on the education system and on the willingness of federal and state governments to provide income supplementation in sensible ways to low-skill workers and their families. Policymakers should focus on preparing young adults to enter the labor market. Reducing the flow into the low-skilled market both improves the job opportunities of young, better-trained workers and lowers the overall supply of low-skilled workers, which makes low-skilled adults more scarce. Clearly, the K-12 education system needs reform if more high school graduates are to obtain the basic math, reading, and communication skills required by most employers. Given that government training programs have limited success in increasing basic skills, public policy for adults older than age 25 should focus on making work pay through wage subsidies or decreases in employment taxes.
The Supply of Low-Skilled Workers: Educational Attainment
One measure of skill is educational attainment. By that measure, the supply of low-skilled workers has declined since the early 1970s. Typically, analysts categorize high school dropouts and individuals with a high school diploma and no college as low-skilled or medium-skilled workers.
The most rapid increase in educational attainment in the past 25 years has come from individuals who attended college but did not complete a degree. In 1971, 44 percent of 25- to 29-year-olds had completed some college; in 1995, 62 percent had. College graduation rates also rose over the same period, from 22 percent to 28 percent. High school graduation rates, which were already quite high, increased modestly from 83 to 85 percent of 18- to 24-year olds.
Levels of formal schooling differ widely among ethnic groups. Blacks and Hispanics lag well behind whites in their levels of college attendance and graduation. In 1995, 65 percent of whites, 52 percent of blacks, and 50 percent of Hispanics had completed some college. In the same year, 28 percent of whites, 18 percent of blacks, and 16 percent of Hispanics had completed a four-year college degree.
The black high school graduation rate is only slightly lower than the white rate; in 1995, 85 percent of black youths and 90 percent of white youths had graduated from high school. The Hispanic high school graduation rate, 63 percent, was much lower than the black or white rates.
Trends in Other Measures of Skill
Formal education is an imperfect measure of skill because individuals with the same level of formal schooling show vastly different levels of skill on standardized tests (Kilburn and Lillard, 1997).
Only one time series measure of the skill level of the adult population exists. The General Social Survey has administered a 10-question vocabulary quiz to its respondents since the early 1970s. Judged on the basis of GSS scores, the vocabulary capabilities of the adult population have declined over time. While this trend portrays a pessimistic view, the short vocabulary test provides only limited information on one dimension of skill.
Time series data have been collected on high school students performance on two standardized tests, the SAT and National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP). Average student performance on both tests has changed little over the last 20 years. The average SAT math score dipped slightly in the mid-1970s, but has returned to its early 1970s levels. The average math score was 509 in 1972 and 511 in 1997. Average SAT verbal scores declined from 530 in 1972 to 509 in 1976, but have remained roughly constant since. In 1997, the average SAT verbal score was 505 (College Board, 1997).
The NAEP has been administered to a random sample of 17-year-olds enrolled in high school since 1970. Average NAEP science and math scores declined slightly in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but have since returned to their early 1970s levels. Reading scores have remained roughly constant since 1971, but writing scores have declined slightly, but not significantly, since 1984 (National Center for Education Statistics, 1997).
Because the population of students taking the SAT and NAEP has become more ethnically and economically diverse, the lack of a trend in test scores can be interpreted as a sign of modest progress. High schools have succeeded in holding achievement constant while educating a more diverse group of students. When they complete high school, youths have roughly the same skills they did 20 years ago. But because college attendance is rising, the average youth today likely enters the labor market with more skills than youths did in the 1970s.
The 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey provides a snapshot of the math and reading skills of the U.S. adult population in 1992. The survey found that a substantial minority of adults have limited basic skills. The survey found that 21 percent of the adult population had only rudimentary reading, writing, and math skills. Such individuals could not locate an intersection on a street map or total the costs of a purchase from an order form. Another 25 percent of the population had the second-lowest level of reading, writing, and math skills; they could not calculate a 10 percent discount from a bill using a calculator or use a bus schedule (National Center for Education Statistics, 1998). Individuals at the lowest two levels of literacy do not have the skills required by most employers; 66 percent of all jobs require more than the lowest two levels of literacy (Levenson, Reardon, and Schmidt, 1999).
The Demand for Skills
Most analysts agree that todays employers demand more skills than they did in the past. Several factors have contributed to the rising demand for skills in the labor market: technological and organizational change, trade, deregulation of key industries, and the decline of unions. Three types of empirical evidence support the hypothesis that the demand for skills has risen: estimates of the returns to skill, time series data on the content of a representative sample of jobs, and evidence from case studies of individual firms or industries.
A large literature has documented that the returns to education have increased at the same time that the supply of college-educated workers has increased. The data are consistent with an upward shift in the demand for skill. Since 1973, the average hourly earnings for workers with a high school degree or less have declined in real terms; male high school dropouts wages declined by 2 percent, and male high school graduates wages declined by 1.2 percent. At the same time, male college graduates wages have remained roughly constant in real terms, and men with graduate degrees experienced a 0.7-percentage-point increase in hourly earnings (Burtless, 1998a).
There is also evidence consistent with an increase in the returns to cognitive skills. Murnane, Willett, and Levy (1995) compare the returns to mathematics, reading, and vocabulary skills across two cohorts of young workers. The first cohort graduated from high school in 1972 and the second cohort graduated in 1980. They find that the returns to cognitive skills were higher when the 1980 cohort entered the labor market than when the 1972 cohort did.
Individual-level data on workers and their jobs provide direct evidence that workers use more skills than they did in the past. Using representative samples of workers, Howell and Wolff (1991) show that between 1960 and 1985 the changing occupational and industrial structure of the economy has led to a rising demand for cognitive and interpersonal skills and a decline in the demand for motor skills. Using data from 94 job titles in 93 manufacturing establishments, Cappelli (1993) finds that manufacturing occupations substantially upgraded their skill requirements between 1978 and 1986. Clerical jobs showed an even split between jobs that were upskilled and those that were deskilled; the jobs that were deskilled appear to be associated with the development of new office equipment. As noted above, in the 1994 National Employer Survey of establishments, three-fourths of employers reported the skills required to perform production and support jobs had increased over the prior three years.
Most case studies of particular firms or industries have shown an increase in the skills used by most workers. However, the differences between industries, occupations, or firms within a particular industry are substantial.
Evidence from a cross-sectional survey of firms in four large metropolitan areas suggests there is a substantial gap between the skills that employers require and those that disadvantaged workers possess. Among jobs that did not require a college education, 70 percent required that workers deal with customers, 61 percent required that workers read or write paragraphs, 65 percent required arithmetic, and 51 percent required the use of computers. In addition, 71 percent required a high school diploma and 61 percent required specific vocational experience. Holzer (1998) finds that 42 percent of black and Hispanic high school dropouts, 24 percent of white high school dropouts, and 21 percent of female welfare recipients would face very limited job availability in their cities.
Declining Male-Female and Black-White Wage Gap
While wage inequality has grown among education groups, wage differentials have narrowed between men and women as well as between whites and blacks. Overall, the male-female wage gap declined from 37.1 percent in 1984 to 23.8 percent in 1995. Over the same period, the wage differential between white and black men declined from 26.7 percent to 18.0 percent, and the wage differential between white and black women declined from 8.7 percent to 6.0 percent (Lerman, 1997a).
Much of the remaining difference in hourly earnings for white and black men can be explained by differences in their level of skills before they enter the labor market (Neal and Johnson, 1997). U.S. schools tend to be segregated by race, and the schools that black students attend are worse quality than those that white students attend. In addition, black and other minority students face discrimination by their teachers in terms of placement into academic courses. Black and other minority students who do well on standardized tests are much less likely to be placed in academic high school courses than white students with comparable test scores. Students placed in a non-academic track have less access to college prep math, science, and English courses that teach the skills demanded by most employers and most colleges.
Changes in Labor Force Participation of Unskilled Men and Women
In response to the declining real wages, unskilled men have witnessed a marked decline in labor force participation in the last 20 years. Between 1982-1983 and 1987-1989, the labor force participation rate of men in the first quintile of the wage distribution declined 4 percentage points, while the labor force participation rate declined 1 percentage point for men in the second quintile of the wage distribution (Juhn, Murphy, and Topel, 1991). The remainder of the male wage distribution had virtually no change in their labor force participation rates. Conditional on working, high school dropouts and high school graduate men are working fewer hours than they did in the past (Coleman and Pencavel, 1994).
The fact that many unskilled men have withdrawn from the labor force may have affected the composition of families, although causation may run from weak family structure to reduced labor force activity. In any event, marriage rates are much lower among labor force non-participants than among other men. Only 46.7 percent of men who are long-term non-participants in the labor force live with their wives. In contrast, 86.1 percent of men who work full-year live with their wives.
While unskilled men have decreased their labor force participation, unskilled women have gradually increased their labor force participation since the early 1970s. Within the last four years, one group of low-skilled womenunmarried mothershas raised dramatically their participation in the labor market and the trend is likely to continue. As noted above in the work and family section, the increase in single mothers labor market participation was due in part to a 1996 federal law that placed a lifetime limit on the number of years a family could receive AFDC benefits.
Welfare reform will play an important role in the future of the unskilled labor market. Many analysts think that the influx of welfare mothers into the labor market will crowd out men and immigrants. Others argue that the labor market will be able to absorb welfare mothers by creating new jobs; studies show that large groups of unskilled immigrants have been fully absorbed by the labor market with minimal displacement of native-born workers.
Within the last four to six years, low-skilled workers, including high school dropouts, have raised their employment levels substantially. In part, the gains for low-skilled workers are the result of an economic expansion that has brought unemployment rates to 4.5 percent, a 30-year low. Another likely reason is that the number of dropouts entering the labor force has been entirely offset by high school dropouts leaving the market as older, less-educated workers retire. As noted above, of the 11.7 million net increase in employment of workers 25 and over, over 90 percent have attended college and over 50 percent have BA degrees. With fewer competitors, more low-skilled workers have managed to find jobs. In the coming decade, the demographic shifts will be less favorable for low-skilled workers.
Allen, Steven G. Technology and the Wage Structure. North Carolina State University and National Bureau of Economic Research, North Carolina, 1997.
Applebaum, Eileen and Rosemary Batt. The New American Workplace: Transforming Work Systems in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Baldwin, Robert E. and Glen G. Cain. "Shifts in U.S. Relative Wages: The Role of Trade, Technology, and Factor Endowments." Discussion Paper 1132-97, Institute for Research on Poverty, 1997.
Beede, David N. and Kan H. Young. Patterns of Advanced Technology Adoption and Manufacturing Performance: Employment Growth, Labor Productivity, and Employee Earnings. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, 1996.
Bernstein, Jared, and Lawrence Mishel. "Has Wage Inequality Stopped Growing?" Monthly Labor Review (1997): 3-16.
Bishop, John H. "Is Welfare Reform Succeeding?" Center for Advanced Human Resources Research Working Paper #98-15, New York State School of Labor and Industrial Relations, Cornell University, 1998.
Blau, Francine D. and Ronald Ehrenberg. Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1997.
Blumberg, Linda J. and David W. Liska. The Uninsured in the United States: A Status Report. The Urban Institute, Washington, DC, 1996.
Bond, James T., Ellen Galinsky, and Jennifer E. Swanberg. "The 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce." Executive Summary (1998): 1-16.
Borjas, George J., Richard B. Freeman, and Lawrence F. Katz. "How Much Do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1 (1997): 1-90.
Bresnahan, Timothy F., Erik Brynjolfsson, and Lorin M. Hitt. How Do Information Technology and Work Place Organization Affect Labor Demand? Firm-Level Evidence. Unpublished manuscript, 1998.
Bresnahan, Timothy F. Computerization and Wage Dispersion: An Analytical Reinterpretation. Unpublished manuscript presented at National Bureau of Economic Research Summer Institute,1997.
Brynjolfsson, Erik and Lorin M. Hitt. Beyond the Productivity Paradox: Computers Are the Catalyst for Bigger Changes. Communications of the ACM, August 1998.
. Information Technology and Organizational Design: Evidence From Micro Data. Unpublished manuscript, 1998.
Bureau of Economic Analysis. Selected Financial and Operating Data of Nonbank U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies: by Country of Ultimate Beneficial Owners and by Industry of Affiliate, 1996.
Burtless, Gary. Low-Wage Workers in a Globalizing Economy. The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 1998a.
. "Technological Change and International Trade: How Well Do They Explain the Rise in U.S. Income Inequality." The Inequality Paradox: Growth of Income Disparity. James A. Auerbach and Richard S. Belous (eds.), 60-91. Washington, DC: National Policy Association, 1998b.
Campbell, Jay R., Kristin Voelkl, and Patricia Donahue. Report in Brief, NAEP 1996 Trends in Academic Progress. National Center for Education Statistics 97-986. U.S. Department of Education, 1997.
Cappelli, Peter. "Are Skill Requirements Rising? Evidence From Production and Clerical Jobs." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46, no. 3 (1993): 515-30.
Card, David. Economic Effects on Immigration: Past and Present. New York: The Jerome Levy Economic Institute of Bard College, 1996.
Cline, William R. Trade and Income Distribution. Washington, DC: Institute of International Economics, 1997.
Coleman, Mary T. and John Pencavel. "Changes in Work Hours of Male Employees: 1940-1988." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46, no. 2 (1993a): 262-83.
. "Trends in Market Work Behavior of Women Since 1940." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 46, no. 4 (1993b): 653-76.
Collins, Susan M. "Economic Integration and the American Worker: An Overview." Imports Exports, and the American Worker. Susan M. Collins (ed.), 3-48. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
Council of Economic Advisers. Economic Report of the President. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1997.
Crowell, Nancy A. and Ethel M. Leeper. America's Fathers and Public Policy. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1994.
David, Paul A. "The Dynamo and the Computer: A Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox." AEA Papers and Proceedings (1990): 355-61.
DeLong, J. Bradford. "Trade Policy and America's Standard of Living: A Historical Perspective." Imports, Exports, and the American Worker. Susan B. Collins (ed.), 349-88. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
Devine, Theresa J. "Characteristics of Self-Employed Women in the United States." Monthly Labor Review (1994): 20-34.
DiNardo, John E. and John Steffen Pischke. "The Returns to Computer Use Revisited: Have Pencils Changed the Wage Structure Too?" The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1997): 291-303.
Employee Benefit Research Institute. "Worker Investment Decisions: An Analysis of Large 401(k) Plan Data." EBRI Issue Brief, no. 176 (1996b): 1-16.
. "Participant Education: Actions and Outcomes." EBRI Issue Brief, no. 169 (1996a): 1-28.
. "Can We Save Enough to Retire? Participant Education in Defined Contribution Plans." EBRI Issue Brief, no. 160 (1995): 1-24.
Ettner, Susan L. "The Opportunity Costs of Elder Care." The Journal of Human Resources 31, no. 1 (1995): 189-205.
Families and Work Institute. "Ahead of the Curve: Why America's Leading Employers Are Addressing the Need of New and Expectant Parents." Executive Summary (1998): 9-20.
Family and Work Institute. "Business Work - Lite Study." Executive Summary (1998): 1-16.
Frazis, Harley, Maury Gittleman, Michael Horrigan, and Mary Joyce. "Results From the 1995 Survey of Employer-Provided Training." Monthly Labor Review (1998): 3-13.
Freeman, Richard B. "Are Your Wages Set in Beijing?" The Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 3 (1993): 15-23.
. "Will Globalization Dominate U.S. Labor Market Outcomes?" Imports, Exports, and the American Worker. Susan M. Collins (ed.), 101-30. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
Galinsky, Ellen, James T. Bond, and Dana Friedman. "The Role of Employers in Addressing the Needs of Employed Parents." Journal of Social Issues 52, no. 3 (1996): 111-36.
General Accounting Office. "Health Insurance: Coverage Leads to Increased Health Care Access for Children." GAO/HEHS-98-14 (1997a).
. "Employment-Based Health Insurance." GAO/HEHS-97-35 (1997b).
. "Health Insurance for Children." GAO/HEHS-97-105 (1987).
Gerson, Kathleen. "A Few Good Men." The American Prospect (1994): 78-90.
Glied, Sherry and Mark Stabile. Graduation to Health Insurance Coverage: 1981-1996, Columbia University, New York, NY, 1998.
Greider, William. One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
Holzer, Harry J. "Employer Skill Needs and Labor Market Outcomes by Race and Gender." Discussion Paper No. 1087-96, Institute for Research on Poverty, 1996.
Holzer, Harry J., and Sheldon Danziger. "Are Jobs Available for Disadvantaged Workers in Urban Areas?" Discussion Paper No. 1157-98, Institute for Research on Poverty, 1998.
Howell, David R. and Edward Wolff. "Trends in the Growth and Distribution of Skills in the US Workplace, 1960-1985." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44, no. 3 (1991): 486-502.
Ichniowski, Casey, Kathryn Shaw, and Giovanna Prennushi. The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Productivity, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 1995.
John, Andrew. "Employment Fluctuations in a Share Economy." Oxford University Press 43 (1991): 75-84.
Juhn, Chinhui and Kevin M. Murphy. Wage Inequality and Family Labor Supply, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 1996.
Juhn, Chinhui, Kevin M. Murphy, and Robert H. Topel. "Why Has the Natural Rate of Unemployment Increased Over Time?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (1991:2): 75-142.
Kalleberg, Arne L., Edith Rasell, Ken Hudson, David Webster, Barbara Reskin, Naomi Cassirer, and Eileen Applebaum. Nonstandard Work, Substandard Jobs. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 1997.
Klerman, Jacob A. and Arleen Leibowitz. "The Work-Employment Distinction Among New Mothers." The Journal of Human Resources 29, no. 2: 277-303.
Kniesner, Thomas J. "The Overworked American?" Book Review (1992): 681-88.
Krugman, Paul. "Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, no. 1 (1995): 327-77.
Kuttner, Robert. Everything for Sale: The Virtues and Limits of Markets. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.
Lawrence, Robert Z. Single World, Divided Nations? Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1996.
Lawrence, Robert Z., and Robert E. Litan. Globaphobia: The Wrong Debate Over Trade Policy. Brookings Policy Brief, no. 24 (1997).
Lee, Eddy. "Globalization and Employment: Is Anxiety Justified?" International Labour Review 135, no. 5 (1996): 485-97.
Lerman, Robert I. Meritocracy Without Rising Inequality. Urban Institute, 1997a.
. "Reassessing Trends in U.S. Earnings Inequality." Monthly Labor Review (1997b): 17-25.
Levenson, Alec R., Elaine Reardon, and Stefanie Schmidt. Welfare Jobs and Basic Skills: The Employment Prospects of Wefare Recipients in the Most Populous U.S. Counties, National Center for Adult Learning and Literacy, Report #10. Cambridge, MA: April 1999.
Lewis, William W., Andreas Siemen, Michael Balay, and Koji Sakate. "Service Sector Productivity and International Competitiveness." The McKinsey Quarterly 2 (1992): 69-91.
Long, Sharon K., Gretchen G. Kirby, Robin Kurka, Shelley Waters. Child Care Assistance Under Welfare Reform: Early Responses by the States. Urban Institute, Assessing the New Federalism Occasional Paper #15, 1998.
National Center for Health Statistics. Divorces and Annulments and Rates: United States, 1940-90. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 1995.
Olsen, Kelly and Jack VanDerheri. "Defined Contribution Plan Dominance Grows Across Sectors and Employers Size, While Mega Defined Benefit Plans Remain Strong: Where We Are and Where We Are Going." Employee Benefit Research Institute, no. 190 (1997).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. "Employment Outlook" (1998).
Pension Research Council. Forecasting Retirement Needs and Retirement Wealth, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, April 1998.
Piore, Michael J. "Trade and the Social Structure of Economic Activity." Imports, Exports, and the American Worker. Susan B. Collins (ed.), 257-86. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
Reich, Robert B. and Karen Nussebaum. Care Around the Clock: Developing Child Care Resources Before Nine and After Five. U.S. Department of Labor, 1995.
Richardson, J. David. "Income Inequality and Trade: How to Think, What to Conclude." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 3 (1995): 33-56.
Robinson, John P. "How Americans Use Time." The Futurist (1991): 23-27.
Robinson, John P. and Geoffrey Godbey. In Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Use Their Time, Penn State University Press, 1995.
. "Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Use Their Time." Social Forces 76, no. 3 (1997): 1166-68.
Sachs, Jeffrey and Howard J. Shatz. "International Trade and Wage Inequality in the United States: Some New Results." Imports, Exports, and the American Worker. Susan B. Collins (ed.), 215-56. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1998.
Samwick, Andrew A. and Jonathan Skinner. "How Will Defined Contribution Pension Plans Affect Retirement Income"1998.
Schor, Juliet B. The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure. New York: Basic Books, 1991.
Schwenk, Albert E. "Difference Among Private Industry Occupational Groups in Pay Levels and Trends." Compensation and Working Conditions (1997a): 12-18.
. "Measuring Trends in the Structure and Level of Employee Compensation." Compensation and Working Conditions (1997b): 3-14.
Scott, Robert E., Thea Lee, and John Schmitt. Trading Away Good Jobs: An Examination of Employment and Wages in the US 1979-94, Economic Policy Institute, 1997.
Shellenbarger, Sue. "Companies Are Finding It Really Pays to Be Nice to Employees." The Wall Street Journal, 22 July 1998, sec. Marketplace.
Spalter-Roth, Roberta M., Arne Kalleberg, Edith Rasell, Naomi Cassirer, Barbara Reskin, Ken Hudson, David Webster, Eileen Applebaum, and Betty Dooley. Managing Work and Family. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 1997.
Stone, Deborah. "Work and the Moral Woman." The American Prospect (1997): 78-86.
Summers, Lawrence. "On the Share Economy: Prospects and Problems." Challenges (1986): 47-50.
Technical Panel on Trends and Issues in Retirement Savings. Report of the 1994-1996 Advisory Council on Social Security, Volume II: Reports of the Technical Panel on Trends and Issues in Retirement Savings, Washington, DC, 1997.
U.S. Department of Education. 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey, National Center for Education Statistics, 1992.
U.S. Department of Labor Women's Bureau. Work and Elder Care: Facts for Caregivers and Their Employers, 98-1. 1998.
Walker, Martha A.C. and Bruce Bergman. "Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in Empoyer Costs for Employee Compensation." Compensation and Working Conditions (1998): 17-27.
Weitzman, Martin L. "Comment on Can the Share Economy Conquer Stagflation?" The Quarterly Journal of Economics 103, no. 1 (1988): 219-23.
. The Share Economy: Conquering Stagflation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Wolman, William and Anne Colamosca. The Judas Economy: The Triumph of Capital and the Betrayal of Work. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1997.
Wood, Adrian. "How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers." The Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 3 (1995): 57-80.
(1). Relative to workers in other OECD countries, workers in the U.S. are more likely to obtain job-related training, but average fewer hours per trainee. As a result, the average amount of training hours per worker is similar to the average for other OECD countries.


text:
- MFLS Forums
Forums : MFLS Central Forum Thread : USMNT
[thread started by Carnival FC on Tue 3/31 13:51 ET]
[moderated by 1860 Oakland, SDFC Macross]
from Carnival FC
on Tue 3/31 13:51 ET
Reply to This Message
Chandler is so frustrating. Watch the replay of the goal for
Switzerland. What was Chandler doing? He kept the
Switzerland scorer onside...
from Stormin Union
on Wed 4/1 0:27 ET
Reply to This Message
Jozy was even more frustrating, if a player says f##k you to a
ref what does he think will happen? Use your brain Jozy.
from Seattle SC
on Wed 4/1 0:28 ET
Reply to This Message
agreed from Castle Hill Comets
on Wed 4/1 10:19 ET
Reply to This Message
The ref wasn't Willie Collum, from Scotland, by any chance? If so,
it is excusable, as every supporter in Scotland says the same
thing every week ...
from Dynamo Salem
on Wed 4/1 11:00 ET
Reply to This Message
Maybe I'm crazy but if I yellow card a player and he lays a few f-bombs on me, I have no problem pulling another one for ungentlemanly conduct. that being said I see a lot of abuse hurled at refs without the immediate response. from FC Byrd Turgler
on Mon 4/6 1:44 ET
Reply to This Message
Can we come after Blatter with the pitchforks yet?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
wayne_r needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 24 designs submitted by 6 freelance designers.
We are launching a new product called SoftwareTrailer which does for software applications what movie trailers do for movies - create excitement and generate buzz.
We are wanting a logo that leverages the branding of movie trailers and works well with our Envisica brand.
Envisica's mission is to improve the sales performance of our customers. We work with customers active in the B2B market. http://www.envisica.com
The target audience is comprised of sales and marketing decision makers and influencers within software application companies.
Provide a logo design including eps or ai source files.
Colors must align with our color palette (attached) although suggested extensions to our colors will be considered.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
Dulsco unveils eco-friendly waste disposal device
Abu Dhabi, January 15, 2012
Dulsco, a leader in waste management solutions, has unveiled a new environment-friendly technology that will help the hospitality industry dispose waste food and organic material in a safer and cost-effective manner.
Dulsco has successfully concluded trials on Converta, which turns organic waste into solid usable bio-compost in 48 to 72 hours, a statement said.
Combining modern engineering with bio-sciences, Converta contains two major chambers that treat organic waste systematically by adding natural plant extracts at regular intervals, using low amounts of electricity.
Using a fully automated dosing system, bio-stimulant is injected into the Converta chambers at various points. This combines with automated temperature, controlled movement and oxygenation stimulation to enable the rapid conversion of the waste. The microbiological process can be monitored to enable fine adjustment of the stimulant, in addition to achieving optimum efficiency within the digestion process.
The bio-compost material formed as a result is nutrient-rich and can be used as soil enhancers at farms, lawns and for agricultural purposes. Developed by the UK-based Converta Limited, Converta minimises human intervention in the waste treatment process and conforms to local regulations on proper organic waste management.
Prakash Parab, director of Dulsco Waste Management Services, said, "Typically, organic waste accounts for a major share of the material reaching landfills. Proper treatment and management of such waste is a challenge faced by all as untreated and unmanaged organic material creates odour, hygiene concerns and causes adverse environmental impacts."
"In our constant endeavour to introduce innovative technologies and products in our portfolio of services, we found Converta to be an excellent alternative waste management solution. Using this technology, the hospitality industry can treat organic waste at the source itself, thus easing the pressure on the country's landfills," he added.
The introduction of Converta will immensely benefit the region's hotels, restaurants, schools, in-flight caterers and canteens, which generate high volumes of organic waste every day, according to Parab.
The compact size and design of the equipment make it easy to install in any commercial kitchen or facility.
Converta has already attracted a high interest from the region's hospitality sector, which is always exploring cheaper and environment-friendly methods for management of organic waste. By using the machine, these facilities can now reduce the organic waste that reaches the landfills while keeping operational costs to the minimum.
The revolutionary technology will be showcased at the upcoming World Future Energy Summit 2012, the world's foremost annual meeting dedicated towards future energy, energy efficiency and clean technologies, taking place in Abu Dhabi from January 16 to 19. – TradeArabia News Service


text:
31243, Hymns, Know This, That Every Soul Is Free, no. 240
1. Know this, that ev'ry soul is free
To choose his life and what he'll be;
For this eternal truth is giv'n:
That God will force no man to heav'n.
2. He'll call, persuade, direct aright,
And bless with wisdom, love, and light,
In nameless ways be good and kind,
But never force the human mind.
3. Freedom and reason make us men;
Take these away, what are we then?
Mere animals, and just as well
The beasts may think of heav'n or hell.
4. May we no more our pow'rs abuse,
But ways of truth and goodness choose;
Our God is pleased when we improve
His grace and seek his perfect love.
Text: Anon., ca. 1805, Boston. Included in the first LDS hymnbook, 1835.
Music: Roger L. Miller, b. 1937. © 1985 IRI
Helaman 14:30-31
2 Nephi 10:23-24


text:
Breanne Benson – Babe of the Day
Today's Babe of the Day is adult film star Breanne Benson, one of the industry's pioneers. We'd blaze all kinds of trails for this hottie.
Miss Benson actually studied psychology and human sexuality after she graduated high school before entering the adult industry in 2003. Her career was comprised of a lot of solo and girl-on-girl scenes, but she decided to take on the boys in 2009, which was an awesome movie. One of her claims to fame is starring in some of the first 3D adult films. In more recent years, she's been taking part in pornographic parodies, letting dudes see their fantasies unfold onscreen.
Become a fan of Breanne's on Instagram, Twitter and her own NSFW website.


text:
NEW YORK (MarketWatch) — U.S. stocks fell about 1% Monday in their worst drop of the year, as uncertainty over Europe rattled investors and pushed Spanish bond yields higher.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +0.49% ended down 129.71 points, or 0.9%, at 13,880.08. On Friday, it had closed above 14,000 for the first time since October 2007. Only one out of the Dow average's 30 components — Boeing Co. BA, -1.65% — ended higher on Monday.
While Europe emerging again as an issue for global markets, including Wall Street, analysts for weeks have been saying that a correction or even a pullback of 3% to 5% would be welcome. January's more than 5% advance, which pushed equities to five-year highs, is seen as an unsustainable trend, and a retreat would draw in sidelined money.
Elliott Spar, market strategist at Stifel, Nicolaus & Co., put it this way: "The book of excuses has been opened wide this morning in trying to explain this selloff. It goes from European political issues, higher rates on European peripheral debt to the Ravens winning the Super Bowl. How about this: The market was long overdue for a pullback, and buying every dip was just making it too easy for everyone to make a fast buck."
The S&P 500 Index SPX, +0.22% ended down 17.46 points, or 1.2%, at 1,495.71. On Friday it had closed at its highest since December 2007.
On Monday, all 10 S&P 500 industry groups were in the red, led by losses in tech and financial stocks. McGraw-Hill Cos. US:MHP and Moody's Corp. MCO, -0.14% were the worst performers, off more than 10% each, after Standard & Poor's Ratings Services said the Justice Department was planning to file civil charges for its role in rating certain mortgage-bond securities in 2007. Read: S&P faces DOJ lawsuit over mortgage-bond ratings.
The Nasdaq Composite Index COMP, -0.15% shed 47.93 points, or 1.5%, at 3,131.17.
For every share that rose, nearly four fell on the New York Stock Exchange, where 693 million shares traded. Composite volume topped 3.3 billion.
"We had a heck of a run, but you can see the spillover from Europe today, and we're back to the same old story, with Italian and Spanish yields in particular spooking European markets," said Bill Stone, chief investment strategist at PNC Asset Management Group.
In Spain, Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy is mired in a corruption scandal amid calls for his resignation from the opposition Socialist Party. Yields on Spain's 10-year government notes surged to above 5%. See: Spain turmoil spurs euro profit-taking.
Reforms implemented in Italy are viewed as at risk by the increasing popularity of Silvio Berlusconi, with the former prime minister a contender in general elections slated for later in the month. Read more on Italy's selloff in Europe Markets.
Stocks held sharp losses after the Commerce Department reported factory orders rose a less-than-forecast 1.8% in December, illustrating a decline in nondurable goods that overcame advances in computers and construction equipment.
• Which tech company reigns supreme?
• Google needs a new killer app to make it a buy
• Apple is dead money for now
• Yahoo as punching bag no more
• What Tech Giants do top performers like?
• Microsoft: Nothing to offer beyond the dividend
Herbalife Ltd. HLF, +0.42% ended up 1.3% after falling as much as 12%. The supplement distributor said in a statement that it was demanding a correction from the New York Post after the newspaper reported the Federal Trade Commission was investigating it. Late last year, hedge-fund manager Bill Ackman said he was betting against the stock, calling Herbalife a pyramid scheme. See The Tell: Herbalife slumps on report of federal probe (but rebounds as company denies).
Reduced ratings
Wal-Mart Stores Inc. WMT, -1.86% shares fell 1.2% after J.P. Morgan Chase downgraded the discount retailer to neutral from overweight. Read more movers.
Chevron Corp. CVX, +1.80% shed 1.1% after UBS AG downgraded the oil producer to neutral from buy.
Merck & Co. MRK, +1.63% declined 2.3% after Morgan Stanley cut the pharmaceutical firm to underweight from equal weight.
Oracle Corp. ORCL, +1.07% slid 3% after the business-software maker said it would buy Acme Packet Inc. US:APKT for $1.7 billion. Acme Packet shares jumped 24%. Read more in Tech Stocks.
Providing critical information for the U.S. trading day. Subscribe to MarketWatch's free Need to Know newsletter. Sign up here.


text:
Keep calm … and shut the hell up.
Helen Mirren, in full Queen Elizabeth II regalia, wasn't amused on Saturday when she stormed out of the Gielgud Theater in London's West End, where she currently is playing the lead role as Her Majesty in the play The Audience.
No, it wasn't simply a cell phone going off in the theater that got the Oscar winner's goat – it was an entire troupe of dancing drummers beating their instruments outside while she was performing on stage, reports the Daily Telegraph.
Apparently, according to a video that captured the incident, the drummers got their own earful from Dame Helen in return.
Those on the street were there to drum up attention for London's As One In the Park gay music festival.
As parade organizer Mark McKenzie told the newspaper: "Not much shocks you on the gay scene. But seeing Helen Mirren dressed as the Queen cussing and swearing and making you stop your parade – that's a new one."
Mirren told the Telegraph" afterward: "I'm afraid there were a few 'thespian' words used. They got a very stern royal ticking off, but I have to say they were very sweet, and they stopped immediately."
In the play, for which Mirren, 67, recently won an Olivier Award (the West End equivalent of a Broadway Tony), the actress repeats the same role that won her an Oscar, for 2006's The Queen. Playwright Peter Morgan's stage drama (he also wrote The Queen) opened in February and traces QEII's relationship with her prime ministers for the past six decades.
Next month, National Theatre Live will broadcast The Audience in HD internationally – presumably without interruption from outside the theater.
PHOTOS: Kate & the Queen's Adventures on the London Tube


text:
The Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program is being stalled, leaving public servants nationwide waiting and unsure… https://t.co/6dKXwz28wi
Polis, Colleagues Urge Feds to Respect State Marijuana Laws
Congressman Jared Polis (D-CO) today in a letter to Attorney General Eric Holder and Drug Enforcement Administration Administrator Michele Leonhart urged that federal law enforcement take no action against anyone who acts in compliance with the laws of Colorado, Washington and any other states that choose to regulate access to marijuana. The letter was signed by the following members of Congress: Steve Cohen (D-TN), Diana DeGette (D-CO), Ed Perlmutter (D-CO), Barney Frank (D-MA), Earl Blumenauer (D-OR), Jerrold Nadler (D-NY), Jan Schakowsky (D-IL), Sam Farr (D-CA), Jim Moran (D-VA), Chellie Pingree (D-ME), Adam Smith (D-WA), Barbara Lee (D-CA), Dennis Kucinich (D-OH), Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ), Robert C. "Bobby" Scott (D-VA) and John Conyers (D-MI).
The full text of the letter is below and can also be accessed by clicking here.
Dear Attorney General Holder and Administrator Leonhart:
We are writing to urge federal law enforcement to consider carefully the recent decisions by the people of Colorado and Washington to legalize small amounts of marijuana for personal use by adults. Under the new laws, each state will establish a comprehensive regulatory scheme governing the production, sale and personal use of marijuana. We believe that it would be a mistake for the federal government to focus enforcement action on individuals whose actions are in compliance with state law.
We are concerned that the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) continue to threaten individuals and businesses acting within the scope of their states' laws on the medicinal use of marijuana despite formal guidance on exercising prosecutorial discretion. These actions contradict assurances made by DOJ in 2009 that the Department would not prioritize criminal charges against those who act in compliance with state law. It is also a poor use of limited federal resources. We hope your agencies will not take a similar approach with regard to individuals and businesses who comply with Colorado's and Washington's new laws, each of which were approved with overwhelming public support.
As Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis once observed, states are the laboratories of democracy. The people of Colorado and Washington have decided that marijuana ought to be regulated much like alcohol, with strong and efficient regulation of production, retail sales, and distribution, coupled with strict laws against underage use and driving while intoxicated. The voters chose to eliminate the illegal marijuana market controlled by cartels and criminals and recognized the disproportionate impact that marijuana prohibition has on minorities. These states have chosen to move from a drug policy that spends millions of dollars turning ordinary Americans into criminals toward one that will tightly regulate the use of marijuana while raising tax revenue to support cash-strapped state and local governments. We believe this approach embraces the goals of existing federal marijuana law: to stop international trafficking, deter domestic organized criminal organizations, stop violence associated with the drug trade and protect children.
While we recognize that other states have chosen a different path, and further understand that the federal government has an important role to play in protecting against interstate shipments of marijuana leaving Colorado or Washington, we ask that your Departments take no enforcement action against anyone who acts in compliance with the laws of Colorado, Washington and any other states that choose to regulate access to marijuana for medicinal or personal use. The voters of these states chose, by a substantial margin, to forge a new and effective policy with respect to marijuana. The tide of public opinion is changing, both at the ballot box and in state legislatures across the country. We believe that the collective judgment of voters and state lawmakers must be respected. Thank you for your attention to this important matter.


text:
British 'villains' team up for ad
British "baddies" Tom Hiddleston, Sir Ben Kingsley and Mark Strong have joined forces for a new Super Bowl car advert in the US.
The trio, best known for their villainous turns on the big screen, are seen in a swish helicopter and two F-Type Coupes in the newly released 60-second commercial for Jaguar, which will run during Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2.
The ad, titled Rendezvous - which launches Jaguar's British Villains campaign to promote its F-Type Coupe - opens with Ben, who played the Mandarin in Iron Man 3, saying: "Have you ever noticed that in Hollywood movies, all the villains are played by Brits?"
Mark - who has played baddies in Kick-Ass, Green Lantern and Sherlock Holmes - then says: "Maybe we just sound right," with Tom, better known as Thor villain Loki, sipping a cup of tea in a helicopter, adding: "We're more focused, more precise... And we're obsessed by power!"
Oscar-winning filmmaker Tom Hooper, who directed The King's Speech and Les Miserables, directed the commercial, with an original soundtrack composed and conducted by Alexandre Desplat.


text:
By: Mark McGrouther, Category: Science, Date: 02 Aug 2010
Three new links from Pelagos. Thank you Adrian!
Following on from the Deep Horizon oil spill, it's nice to report a feel-good fishy story from the Gulf. New species of pancake batfish in the Gulf of Mexico
Deepwater currents move animals between ocean basins.
Benguela Goby – the humble goby steps in for sardines. It's a vertically migrating species that 'reoxygenates' at night and hides in jellyfish clouds.
Tags fishes, ichthyology,


text:
A comprehensive, web-based learning tool that features a series of interactive video vignettes to help health-care professionals better understand end-of-life care and prepare them for difficult conversations with patients and families is now available online. The program, called "eDoctoring," is available at http://edoc.ucdavis.edu.
With funding from the National Cancer Institute to create a high-quality, multidisciplinary curriculum on end-of-life care, a consortium of University of California faculty, in collaboration with San Diego Hospice experts, developed the website. It represents the first standardized educational training for medical professionals to be developed and implemented by all five UC campuses, and it has been tested by more than 2,000 students and physicians.
The program offers engaging patient scenarios, informative tutorials and practical learning materials that address the challenges of providing appropriate and compassionate care at the end of life. Topics include pain management, improving communication with patients and family members, and ethical issues.
Michael Wilkes, the UC Davis professor of internal medicine and medical education expert who leads the project, said the new online program focuses on enabling caregivers to shift from disease-directed therapy, or therapy with curative intent, to being able to provide patients with relief from physical, emotional, social and spiritual suffering.
"Addressing the medical and psychological needs of dying patients and respecting their values, preferences for care, advance directives and need for information are critical in helping them die with dignity, minimal discomfort and maximum social support," said Wilkes. "During end-of-life care, we want to ensure that physicians, nurses and other health professionals know how to improve quality of life and functional status for individuals when length of life can no longer be extended."
The online training curriculum is available at no cost. It includes a series of 16 broadcast-quality videos that illustrate core concepts in patient-physician interactions and end-of-life care. The website offers educational tools to reinforce learning and promote self reflection and interactivity. The curriculum is integrated with a special online portfolio system, which enables participants to track their progress and create a plan of study. The tool also provides a format for discussion groups, blogging and connections between learners in different locations.
"The tool offers the very latest in interactive online education that is patient-focused, evidence- based and fun," said Wilkes. "This new online curriculum is called 'eDoctoring' because it takes clinician training and education to the next level by effectively merging the concepts of adult learning theory, best practices in care and online technology. It is based on our award-winning 'Doctoring' classes that students now take each year in the schools of medicine at UC Davis and UCLA."
eDoctoring features include:
- Innovative and highly interactive
- Accessible and convenient
- All content and pre-set courses available at no cost
- Meets mandated requirement for training
- Focused on clinical practice and improving communication skills
- Drives toward systems-based practice
- Allows faculty the option of creating customized courses
- Continuing medical education of up to 12 credits (available through the University of California, San Francisco)
For more information about eDoctoring or to register online, visit http://edoc.ucdavis.edu To schedule a brief demonstration session or obtain additional information about the program, contact Polly Latow at 530-754-7337 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
It's true -- after a well-deserved vacation day today, I'll be joining David Petraeus on the unemployment line for three days, get re-hired for a day next Sunday, then get laid off again for three more days. Or, as some would call it, unpaid furlough. Where was Obama on this one? Banks got bailed out, newspapers got sold out.
So, while I'm gone chew these matters over:
1) The weird thing about Petraeus os that he's such a political Rohrchach test that makes everyone see what they want to see. Is it the downfall of a conservative icon, or the downfall of an Obama administration official? The only thing I know for sure is that what the conjoined Petraeus scandal/Benghazi issue WON'T do is a prompt an "adult conversation" about what we're doing in Libya and elsewhere in the Middle East and, since we're there, how can we do it better? Instead,, conservatives will salivate over this as a way to hurt Obama (it won't) while the Obama administration will try too hard to make it go away (they shouldn't), Regarding Benghazi, let Petraeus testify and tell the truth. America has nothing to fear.
2) Who won the 2012 election in one word? Science.
3) Occupy Wall Street isn't dead. While you were wasting your time watching the Eagles, those "urine soaked moochers" (not) are working their butts off trying to save Staten Island. God bless them.
4) Also, God bless America's veterans as we honor them this weekend. We should be in awe of their service and their sacrifices:
See you briefly on Sunday.


text:
How to reach our customer service...
Send an e-mail to: email@example.com .
Give us a call at 1.888.898.0369, or +1.819.459.1459 if you are outside North America.
Fill out this contact form.
Open a ticket.
The Disappearing Male is about one of the most important, and least publicized, issues facing the human species: the toxic threat to the male reproductive system.
The last few decades have seen steady and dramatic increases in the incidence of boys and young men suffering from genital deformities, low sperm count, sperm abnormalities and testicular cancer.
At the same time, boys are now far more at risk of suffering from ADHD, autism, Tourette's syndrome, cerebral palsy, and dyslexia.
The Disappearing Male takes a close and disturbing look at the ubiquitous chemicals many doctors and researchers now suspect are responsible for many of these developmental problems: endocrine disruptors.
***Support the 5Gyres Plastic Free Oceans Indiegogo Campaign!" Continues until July 28, 2014, and every dollar raised up to $15,000 will be matched by Klean Kanteen.***
The "Beat the Micro Bead" campaign by 5Gyres.org asks you to sign their petition urging Proctor & Gamble to eliminate plastic polyethylene micro-beads from their products by no later than January 1st, 2015.
The tiny beads of plastic, which are employed as an exfoliant in personal care products, are designed to be washed down the drain. They go through the sewage system and many enter the natural environment where they can have a devastating effect over the long term as they are ingested up the food chain.
Please contribute to this campaign by asking retailers to STOP selling consumer products containing micro-beads and urging manufacturers to STOP using micro-beads in consumer products.
Sign the petition HERE.
We launched Life Without Plastic ("LWP") in 2006 after several years of daydreaming about how to make a contribution to reducing the large quantities of plastic that are consumed every second of every day around the world.
We wanted to address the environmental disaster that the consumption of plastic is causing, and the damage that leaching plastic can cause to human and animal health.
We quickly realized that before we could effectively help people reduce their plastic consumption, we had to be able to point them toward non-plastic alternatives that could replace the plastic items currently used in day-to-day life.
Our son was born in 2003, and he was the catalyst. He made us look more actively for alternatives in North America and in other countries around the world.
You can call us any time of day or night 24/7/365 at this toll-free number (in North America): 1.888.898.0369 . A friendly English and French speaking person (yes, a bilingual person, not a machine!) will happily take your call. We will return your call during our business hours, which are from 9 am to 5 pm (EST/EDT), Monday to Friday. Outside North America, please call +1.819.459.1459.
You may also send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com
Or you can fill out this Contact Us form.
If you have a question about an order or a specific product you've purchased, you can open a ticket by logging into your account and clicking on Help Desk. Click here to open a ticket now.
You have no items to compare.
I sincerely appreciate your prompt, courteous service and will not hesitate to recommend your site to both friends and family. Furthermore, I will not hesitate to order with you folks any time in the future, as the entire process has been an example of how an online business interested in true customer service should operate. Thanks again.


text:
|2006-11-05, 18:36
|Link #1
Just call me Ojisan
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: U.K. Hampshire
Kanon - Spoilers & Speculation (for experienced Kagikkos only)
This thread is for the experienced Kanon viewer (of either the Game and/or the original Kanon 2002 series), its purpose is to allow free discussion of theories and speculation over the new Kanon 2006 series, it therefore will contain unmarked spoilers. If you are a first time viewer of Kanon 2006, then do not read this thread unless you want to be spoiled (use the Kanon - Speculation & Theories thread).
Since posters are expected to be familiar with the game and/or original series, there is no real need for spoiler tags, but feel free to include them if you so wish.
If you don't know how to use a spoiler tag, please read the BB Code FAQ.
Spoiler tag examples
[spoiler] Text to be hidden [/spoiler] becomes
[spoiler=subject title] Text to be hidden [/spoiler] becomes
Spoiler for subject title:
Finally, please remain on-topic and do not use this thread if it's just discussion about the current or previous episodes. If you want to speculate or theorize over jam, be it Akiko's or otherwise, please post in the What the heck is in Akiko's jam!? thread
|2006-11-05, 18:40
|Link #2
Beautiful fighter.
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: England, UK
Age: 32
Might as well kick start things~
Episode 09 is titled
Last edited by Shiroth; 2006-11-05 at 18:54.
|2006-11-05, 18:53
|Link #3
Old to the New
Join Date: Oct 2006
Spoiler for I have to be careful for those who may have missed the first post's warning. I take the fault for not being able to be vague.:
Well. Just gotta wait, eh. I'll be looking forward to see how the next couple of episodes turn out and if it may lead to the conclusion of Makoto's story.
|2006-11-06, 05:45
|Link #8
Just call me Ojisan
Join Date: Jan 2003
Location: U.K. Hampshire
If anyone does want to use spoiler tags, then it's very helpful if you include a subject title in the spoiler tag.
[spoiler=subject title] Text to be hidden [/spoiler] becomes
Spoiler for subject title:
|2006-11-06, 05:55
|Link #9
Anime Snark
Join Date: May 2006
Location: Singapore
Age: 35
|2006-11-06, 14:31
|Link #11
I desire Tomorrow!
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: As far away from reality as possible
Age: 36
I was pretty sad with Makoto's arc, I think it was the saddest part of the 2k2 Kanon. The other arc was Nayuki's, and Ayu's before she miraculously rose from the dead.
|2006-11-06, 14:55
|Link #12
Obey the Darkly Cute ...
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: On the whole, I'd rather be in Kyoto ...
Age: 61
Aye.... I'm just going to stop talking about the 2002 version at this point because I have a suspicion that this version will move it into the dustbin on story interpretation alone (much less the animation differences). Other than a nod to locations and visual references, KyoAni seems to be focusing on the source story material though it remains to be seen how they will integrate some of it.
Anyway, so far I've been delighted with the interpretation and thread-weaving of the story. It looks like each thread is going to get full play (though it is fascinating to watch how some of it interweaves). Some of the threads may require tweaking though to make them fit and I'm interested to see how they accomplish that.
I think most *literate* fans are holding their breath to see if KyoAni "AIR-izes" the plot instead of just following the TOEI plot line (in other words... just how tragic are things going to get?)
|2006-11-06, 15:07
|Link #13
Tell me who I am.
Join Date: Oct 2006
I have some of the weirdest speculations sometimes, but...
For Kanon, I think it might be interesting if they go for a no-ending route, in that the show ends before the story ends, leaving the viewers to guess what possible ending is the actual ending for the show. They can even leave enough clues to determine the actual ending, but not actually show it.
|2006-11-06, 16:59
|Link #14
Waiting for more taiyuki!
Join Date: Jan 2004
If that happens, could you imagine all the Ayu and Nayuki fans storming the place? Oh, the carnage.
But npal, she was never dead from the beginning of ep. 1.
Or we could have the "Air" ending. Everyone dies and Nayuki sends him off on the train. Yuichi holding the good luck charm saying, "I'll always be with her..."
Last edited by orion; 2006-11-06 at 17:19.
|2006-11-06, 17:58
|Link #15
Obey the Darkly Cute ...
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: On the whole, I'd rather be in Kyoto ...
Age: 61
The narrator's situation was one of the "weak" points of the first anime.... how everyone might think/assume she was no more and then have Nayuki discover her at the end.... or did I misread that sequence?
|2006-11-06, 18:38
|Link #16
Join Date: Dec 2003
Age: 36
|2006-11-06, 22:36
|Link #18
Anime Snark
Join Date: May 2006
Location: Singapore
Age: 35
Okay, I think there has been enough forewarning in the earlier posts. No more spoiler tags from me from here on.
I always felt that Toei's version of Ayu's ending was too happy. Kanon's story has a huge potential to be an emotional carnage. Every main character, with the sole exception of Nayuki( because Akiko took the fall for her), has the potential to die in this story.
As I said in an earlier post made by me on another thread, I personally think it would be beautiful if after Ayu's awakening, Ayu chooses to use up her last promise to save someone and finally departs from the mortal world after clinging to her promise with Yuuichi for seven years.
That way, it will not cheapen her 'first' disappearance/death scene. In my opinion of course.
|2006-11-06, 23:55
|Link #19
Seriously, it seemed all too obvious she was really dead, but...I don't expect to see that aspect of the show change. The sad ending is certainly a possibility, of course, but I don't see it happening. But we shall see.
Last edited by VRMN; 2006-11-06 at 23:58. Reason: grammar
|2006-11-06, 23:55
|Link #20
AnimeSuki's Hentai-sama
i have a question for y'all..... sooo.. this was taken from Episode 4 discussion
i've also watched the old school kanon, but i believe i don't remember Ayu lying in a coma, i thought she died...?
|Thread Tools


text:
While each of the elements shown in Figure 1 contributes toward effective retrieval (for instance a domain element, such as gov, can be combined with a keyword element, such as travel, to retrieve all NetFirst records describing travel-related government sites), it is the inclusion of one or more DDC numbers in NetFirst records that supports the browsing and filtering capabilities unique to the NetFirst interface. Using the hierarchical structure of the DDC and revamped Dewey captions, the NetFirst browse capability allows a user to select from subject categories (such as health, home, technology), topics (such as health and medicine) and subtopics (such as health, preventive medicine) to view records grouped by DDC numbers (Figure 2).
With just three clicks of the mouse, a set of records numbering over 16,000 is reduced to a more manageable set of some 370 records (Figure 3). Further refinements in searching can be achieved by combining one or more terms with DDC categories. For instance, a NetFirst user interested in finding resources containing information about health concerns for travelers can browse to the second level topic, health and medicine, and then search the selected topic area for items on this topic. This is accomplished by entering search terms in the box below the category list (e.g., travel or tourism) and clicking on the search button. Browsing and filtering the database records in this way (using the structure of DDC, but not its class numbers) enables users to retrieve relevant items that may not be as easily discovered using traditional keyword searching capabilities. In this case, a keyword search for health and (travel or tourism) retrieves 185 items; a similar search filtered by DDC topic area retrieves 47 items (Figure 4).
In addition to NetFirst, several other World Wide Web information services are using the DDC to organize electronic resources. The following are among them:
Adapting the DDC for Electronic Resources
Edition 21 of the DDC has undergone many improvements that make it more suitable than previous editions for searching and browsing Internet resources. For example, the Dewey knowledge base has been expanded by the addition of many new classes and extensions of existing ones. Several examples can be found in the topic area computers and computer networking -- new classes have been added for Client-server computing (004.36), Internet (004.678), Visual programming (005.118) and Neural nets (006.32), etc. Additional computer science topics can be accommodated by class structure extensions that include subdivision by operating system, user interface and mode of processing. Another area of improvement in DDC 21 is the updating of terminology throughout the edition. Changes were made to DDC descriptions to reflect currency, international usage and sensitivity to the preferred usage of social and national groups. These enhancements make the DDC easier to apply and support new uses of the underlying database. For a more complete description of recent adaptations in the Dewey Decimal Classification, see Mitchell (1997).
Beyond these editorial improvements, additional steps are being taken by OCLC to make the DDC even more versatile and applicable to electronic resources. These include a Web-accessible service of OCLC Forest Press and three complementary Office of Research projects. The Forest Press service called Hot Classification Topics provides up-to-date information on new and changed DDC classes, suggested numbers for emerging subject areas and newly approved Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) paired with candidate DDC numbers. This service is accessible at
The DDC-oriented research projects are
These projects interact with one another to explore the potential of the DDC as a knowledge-structuring tool for large collections of electronic documents (especially on the Internet and WWW). The Scorpion system is a research project that explores indexing and cataloging of electronic resources, with emphasis on building tools for automatic subject recognition using schemes like the DDC (see article by Shafer in this issue of the Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science). Dewey ETC Trees and WordSmith are concerned with expanding the Dewey knowledge base and enhancing the vocabulary and terminology of the DDC to make the DDC even more useful in systems like Scorpion. The goal of the Dewey ETC Trees project is to link subject-access systems like LCSH and the Library of Congress Classification with the DDC. Its scope is narrower than that of WordSmith, which is focused on building a set of natural language parsing tools that can be used in concert with other OCLC research projects. In this article we will focus on WordSmith tools that are used to enhance the DDC. The synergy among the projects will be illustrated by the examples given in the next section.
Enhancing the DDC
A combination of techniques is being employed within the Dewey ETC Trees project to link Dewey with LCSH. One approach matches Dewey relative index terms to authorized heading fields in LCSH. For example, the Dewey topic Tourism (338.4791) can be mapped to the LC heading Tourist trade as shown in Figure 5. Through these mappings, we are able to associate synonyms and other variants from LCSH (MARC tags 4xx) with a given Dewey topic, thereby expanding the vocabulary and terminology associated with the topic. The variants from LCSH are then added to their corresponding Dewey records in experimental versions of Scorpion Dewey databases. Preliminary experiments indicate that this technique improves the ability of the Scorpion system to automatically assign (classes) subjects to electronic documents.
In addition to mapping, we are exploring using the Scorpion Dewey databases themselves to associate LC Headings with the DDC. This technique involves generating HTML tagged versions of LC Subject Authority records and submitting them to a Scorpion Dewey database for categorization. Again using the LC heading Tourist trade as an example, the results presented in Figure 6A show that Scorpion assigns DDC class 338.4791 as the most highly ranked Dewey subject for this LC heading. The field labeled Raw Text of Document contains the terms derived from the authority record. In this case MARC fields 150 (Topical terms), 450 (Topical See From Tracings) and 550 (Topical See Also From Tracings) were included in the classified document (see table 1 Record A). We are currently experimenting with various combinations of MARC fields to determine the optimal combination(s) for our purposes.
When neither mapping nor Scorpion classifications produce satisfactory results, as is the case for the LC heading Tourist information centers (see Figure 6B "Scorpion Results" and Table 1 Record B), we turn to the WordSmith team for assistance. They have demonstrated that it is possible to extract new and emerging concepts and terminology from unrestricted text and link them to the DDC. The following terms were recently extracted from Web-accessible newspaper texts: alternative rock band, anonymous ftp site, artificial life, baby-boomer parents, chat rooms, frames-capable browser, high-performance computing and virtual mall. None of these concepts are found in the current version of the DDC, but through the adaptation of statistical techniques developed by computational linguists, WordSmith processes have been developed to automatically mine such topics from free text and classify them according to Dewey. See Godby (1996) for a more detailed description of these techniques. The concepts extracted from free text and their candidate classifications can be reviewed by the DDC editorial staff for possible inclusion in future DDC editions or be used to provide end-user vocabulary that enables electronic versions of the DDC to be customized to a particular database. Although the major goal of this work is to provide additional indexing vocabulary for the DDC, it can also supplement the effort to map the LCSH to the DDC. Part of the process of associating a concept such as virtual mall with the DDC involves constructing a context comprising the words that are highly associated with the term: business, commercial, marketplace, net, networking, shopping, Web...
When this context is used as a query to Scorpion, the top five categories retrieved reveal the two most prominent facets of a concept that refers to shopping on the Internet:
|Interfacing and communications
|Information storage and retrieval
|Commerce (trade)
|Retail trade
By applying similar procedures to LC headings, such as Tourist information centers, that are otherwise difficult to associate with the DDC we are able to effect additional links between LCSH and Dewey.
In the Dewey ETC tree and WordSmith projects we are demonstrating how the DDC knowledge base can be enhanced with supplemental concepts and indexing vocabulary. Mapped headings often represent current and popular topics not represented by existing captions or Dewey index terms but within the scope of Dewey's structure. We further show how terminology imported from free text can form a bridge between prevailing language usage and the Dewey editorial process. The new associations (from free text and controlled indexing systems) can be used in turn to enhance Scorpion Dewey databases capable of automatically generating NetFirst-like metadata. Through these complementary efforts we are trying to explore the true potential of a library classification scheme to organize electronic resources.
Godby, C. J. (1996). "Enhancing the indexing vocabulary of the Dewey Decimal Classification." Annual Review of OCLC Research 1996. Accessible at http://www.oclc.org/oclc/research/publications/reviews96/vocabulary.htm
Mitchell, J. S. (1997). "DDC 21: an Introduction." In Dewey Decimal Classification: Edition 21 and International Perspectives. Albany, NY: Forest Press, 3-15.
Examples used in this article were previously published in the OCLC Newsletter March/April 1997 No. 226. Search results have been updated to reflect the content of the NetFirst database as it appeared during August 1997.


text:
Hey, Jim Kelly! Try some warm olive oil on top of your head, ya bigcrybaby.
Hey, Marv Levy, put a bookmark in it. Patton never won a Super Bowl, andall that history hasn't done you much good, either.
And Thurman Thomas, hang on to your helmet. Art Donovan once played with aguy who didn't think he needed one.
You, Cowboys. America isn't big enough for America's team and Donovan,America's most loquacious and irreverent former Baltimore Colt.
As the Dallas Cowboys and the Buffalo Bills prepared for Super Bowl XXVIItoday, The Sun checked in with Donovan, the Hall of Fame defensive lineman, torecord his unvarnished opinions.
Donovan is often seen on local television and nationally on "Late Nightwith David Letterman." But this time, he was pontificating from the ValleyCountry Club in Towson, which he owns and operates. As usual, Donovan was, howshall we say . . . candid.
Question: If the Bills lose this Super Bowl, it will be their thirdstraight Super Bowl defeat. Can you imagine what it is like to lose somethingthat big, that many times?
Answer: You have to take one game at a time. It doesn't matter if theylost two in a row or five in a row. This game is a completely different gameall together. If they lose, it's not the end of the world. They'll just bericher.
I was never in a Super Bowl, but I know in the championship game in '58 inNew York, we were so much better than the Giants, and we're losing in thefourth quarter and I said to [ Gino] Marchetti, "Hey, if we lose this game,what a damn shame." But hey, life doesn't end there. There are more things inlife than the Super Bowl.
I don't know about this Bills team though. I don't like[quarterback Jim] Kelly. I don't like the way he acts. He's a damn crybaby. Hethrows an interception, and he comes over and complains to the ballboy thatthere's not enough air in the football. But when they win he's throwing theballs up in the stands. But I like Frank Reich, and if he was quarterbackingI'd be rooting for Buffalo.
Q: Which Smith do you like better, Bruce or Emmitt? And which one is goingto have a bigger impact on the game?
A: Emmitt, he's a hell of a runner. But I think Bruce Smith, the rightdefensive end for Buffalo, is a vastly overrated defensive end. He couldn'thold Marchetti's jock. I think that No. 91, the middle guard, I don't evenknow him, [Jeff] Wright I think his name is. I don't even know where he comesfrom, but to me, he is the best defensive lineman they have. And they havesome great linebackers.
I watch the game strictly as a guy who played defense all his life. Iwatch what they do to Smith and on running plays, they don't even have toblock him on account of he takes such an outside rush. These guys on TV havebuilt him up to where he's a Superman, and believe me, he's not.
The Cowboys, I never watch. They say they are America's Team. Well theyaren't my team, and I'm part of America.
Q: The media has made quite a fuss over the fact that Thurman Thomas, theBills' running back, misplaced his helmet at the start of last year's SuperBowl and missed the first couple of plays. Anybody you know ever do anythingthat dumb?
A: We had a guy who forgot to put his helmet on playing against the Ramsout in the [Los Angeles] Coliseum. It was Don Shinnick, a linebacker, and DickSzymanski says, "Shinnick, where's your helmet?" Shinnick went to feel for it,and says, "Oh my God, I forgot it. I'll play without it." But the officialsmade us take a timeout, and Shinnick was over on the sidelines looking for itwhile we were giving him all kinds of hell. And he says, "Hey, leave me alone,will ya? I'm nervous enough."
He didn't even know he didn't have it on until Szymanski said something.
Q: Pro football has been pretty tough on Jim Kelly's hair. There isn'tmuch left. Or is the game, with its situation defenses and no-huddle offenses,just tougher on what's underneath the hair?
A: Hey, he's gonna be a young guy and be bald, that's all. There are a lotof bald guys that are young. I thought I was going bald when I was young, andI used to put mud in my hair because a guy told me it was good for your hair.It must have worked. I still got some.
What did work was warm olive oil. I came out of the Marine Corps in 1945and my mother every night put warm olive oil on my hair. Whatever hair I haveshe saved.
Seriously, it's a smart quarterback's game. You gotta be thinking all thetime, and especially the quarterback, because he's the catalyst. But they'reno smarter today than [ Johnny] Unitas or Bobby Lane or [Norm] Van Brocklin orY. A. Tittle.
When I played, there was offense and defense. Now they say it is theepitome of football. Guys come in to pick their noses. What do I know fromthat?
Q: The losers of this game are going to make $32,000. What was yourbiggest paycheck? What did you do with your bonus money?
A: Our biggest paycheck I guess would have to be the '58 championshipgame. We got $5,000 as our share and some benevolent people gave another$5,000 each because we won the game. Who it was I never asked. I know NationalBoh and Mr. [Jerry] Hoffberger donated so much,but who else, I don't know. Itwas none of my business, I took the money like a thief in the night and I ran.I used it to put a fence around the country club here.
Q: Jerry Jones and Jimmy Johnson, the owner and the coach of the Cowboys,were roommates when they played at Arkansas. Did you ever see a coach and anowner that close? Is it a good thing?
A: Arkansas. Great. That means we got three clowns now. Those two guys andthe President. I wonder if they play a saxophone.
Who knows? It took them to the Super Bowl. I guess you can't get muchbetter than that. I'm not a Jimmy Johnson fan because when he coached thatMiami bunch, they were nothing but a bunch of gangsters evidently. And whenthey went to the bowl game against Penn State, they all showed up in Armyfatigues. I wonder what they'd do if they heard a gun go off. So then PennState goes out and shoved the ball down their throats sideways.
Q: Marv Levy, coach of the Bills, reads history books and quotesChurchill. Did you ever know anybody that smart? Did you ever know it to helpthem play football?
A: [New York Giants general manager] George Young is brilliant. He readsbooks. Me, I'm not that smart. I went to college to play football. I guess Ilearned something, probably by osmosis. The priest that taught us religionsaid, "I don't like what you do, [but] as long as you come to my class, I'llpass you. You'll learn something just by sitting there."
But I don't think quoting history is going to help you win football games.If that was the case, then General Patton and General MacArthur would havebeen the greatest football coaches of all time.
Q: This is the last Super Bowl before free agency. Did anyone else everwant you bad enough to try to get you away from the Colts? And would you havegone?
A: Nobody came after me, first of all. I take that back. One time theywanted me to go to Canada, but I didn't go. I knew how great I had it here.Would I be crazy to leave Baltimore and go someplace else for a couple ofyears? There's no way. I met my wife here. I raised my kids here. I did verywell financially here. Why would I want to go anyplace else?
The only other thing I was ever going to do -- after the '54 season, I wasgoing to quit and become a cop in New York. It didn't work out, so the bestthing that ever happened to me was I stayed here. I'm serious. By now, I'd bea retired inspector in the department or I'd be a dead cop.
Q: Buffalo has a bunch of seasoned veteran guys who have been to two SuperBowls. Dallas has a bunch of cocky kids, guys who have plenty to be cockyabout. Which would you rather have playing beside you?
A: Hey. Dallas got to the Super Bowl, didn't they? They played betterteams than Buffalo did. Who'd they play? The Jets twice, the Patriots twice,the Colts twice, the Little Sisters of the Poor, the Blind . . .
Q: You have two good quarterbacks in Troy Aikman and Jim Kelly. Two goodrunning backs in Emmitt Smith and Thurman Thomas. If you were playing in agame this big, who would you want the outcome to rest on -- a quarterback'sarm or a back's back?
A: I don't care who wins, but I might pick the Bills because the guy whois their general manager [Bill Polian] went to the same high school I did inthe Bronx. I never met him, but they tell me he is a very smart guy. And givenmy druthers, why wouldn't I root for him instead of those creeps from Dallas?They're in another world anyway, those people in Texas.
Hey, but anybody who reads what I think is crazy in the first place.


text:
"How To Start
Beekeeping Even If
If You're Ready To Have
Fun With Beekeeping & Enjoy
Upgrade your Flash Player to version 8 to view this video! (Click here for the download)
Maybe it's the fact that it's an insect that creates a food product that's enjoyed by millions of humans every year. (400 million pounds are consumed every year in the America alone)
Maybe it's the wonder that an insect can create something that's so sweet and tasty.
Whatever it is, you and I both know that honey is an extra-special food.
Maybe that's why there are as many as 200,000 beekeepers in the United States, most of which are hobbyists.
And that's probably why you are here on this page... wishing you, too, could join the crowd and start beekeeping.
But when it comes to beekeeping...
Many People Don't Know Where To Start!
You may have dreams in your head about your own honeybee colony. But you may have had questions and problems pop into your mind just as quickly.
It can be a little overwhelming and discouraging!
"If only there was an all-in-one resource that would teach me all I need to know to get started with beekeeping," you might be wishing.
I have good news for you: now there is a resource just like that!
In "Beekeeping For Beginners," You'll Discover...
Beekeeping is NOT for everyone.
Because beekeeping is a slightly "different" hobby.
It's not a simple hobby like video gaming, or even bottle collecting or coin collecting.
It's a hobby where you learn, go outside to work, and then enjoy the rewards when you harvest your first crop of honey.
But here's my real warning...
It can be really easy to get frustrated. But there's a reason so many people get frustrated.
They don't have a good guide to follow!
That's exactly what "Beekeeping for Beginners" is.
Whether you know some things about beekeeping already or know
nothing about beekeeping, "Beekeeping for Beginners" will get you
started with the information you need to know!
4 Huge Benefits of Beekeeping...
There's no doubt beekeeping is a worthwhile hobby.
But now -
You Need To Ask Yourself This Question...
Sure, you could do that - pulling a little information from this source, searching for the question to another beekeeping question, trying to put it all together....
But that's the hard route!
Why not take the easy route instead?
All you have to do is invest a bit of money to get a guide, Beekeeping for Beginners, that will show you exactly how to get started with beekeeping.
I think the choice is simple!
"OK Keith - So What's The Cost
Let's do a quick comparison...
One of the popular ways to learn beekeeping is to attend a beekeeping class or course. I did a quick search on beekeeping courses, and three of the sites I found had prices of over $100, over $150, and over $300 respectively.
What would be a fair price for "Beekeeping For Beginners"? Well, the average cost of the three classes I just listed is about $180. If I charged just half of that, the price of "Beekeeping For Beginners" would be $90.
But I'm not even going to charge you half of that! Your investment for the entire "Beekeeping For Beginners" eBook is just $27.00!
You'll never have to worry
about keeping up with a class because you can go at any pace you'd
like. You'll never have to spend lots of money for a class, spend
time and money on transportation, and find a parking space.
2 FREE Bonuses Come With
This offer is good enough, right? Not for someone who over-delivers like me! I decided to offer something unheard of. It's...
Keith Gilbert
P.S. Remember, "Beekeeping For Beginners" is the eBook that will take you from knowing little or nothing about beekeeping to enjoying your first harvest of honey! It is the key that will unlock the world of beekeeping for you. Order now.
P.S.S. Don't forget about the 2 valuable bonuses you'll receive free when you order - the "Beekeeping Quick Start Guide" eBook and the "How To Extract Honey" eReport. I thought of offering only "Beekeeping For Beginners" for your purchase price with neither of the bonuses, but I like to over-deliver!
P.S.S.S. One last thing. It may sound cheesy, but it's true: Beekeeping can truly make a huge positive impact on your life. Don't put this off a day. I know it's easy just to stick this site in your website bookmarks folder, but if you're like me, and almost never go back to your bookmarks, you'll lose out on this extremely valuable resource, and never even realize it! Grab your copy of "Beekeeping For Beginners" - you'll be able to read the eBook and bonuses 5 minutes from now!
Need technical assistance?


text:
The Cape Verdean Blues
After the success of Song for My Father and its hit title cut, Horace Silver was moved to pay further tribute to his dad, not to mention connect with some of his roots. Silver's father was born in the island nation of Cape Verde (near West Africa) before emigrating to the United States, and that's the inspiration behind The Cape Verdean Blues. Not all of the tracks are directly influenced by the music of Cape Verde (though some do incorporate Silver's taste for light exoticism); however, there's a spirit of adventure that pervades the entire album, a sense of exploration that wouldn't have been quite the same with Silver's quintet of old. On average, the tracks are longer than usual, and the lineup -- featuring tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson (a holdover from the Song for My Father sessions) and trumpeter Woody Shaw -- is one of the most modernist-leaning Silver ever recorded with. They push Silver into more advanced territory than he was normally accustomed to working, with mild dissonances and (especially in Henderson's case) a rawer edge to the playing. What's more, bop trombone legend J.J. Johnson appears on half of the six tracks, and Silver sounds excited to finally work with a collaborator he'd been pursuing for some time. Johnson ably handles some of the album's most challenging material, like the moody, swelling "Bonita" and the complex, up-tempo rhythms of "Nutville." Most interesting, though, is the lilting title track, which conjures the flavor of the islands with a blend of Latin-tinged rhythms and calypso melodies that nonetheless don't sound quite Caribbean in origin. Also noteworthy are "The African Queen," with its blend of emotional power and drifting hints of freedom, and "Pretty Eyes," Silver's first original waltz. Yet another worthwhile Silver album.
Product Details
|Release Date:
|Audio Wave Music
Album Credits
Customer Reviews
Average Review


text:
State of Minnesota Launches Bid to Land Super Bowl LII
The State of Minnesota is officially in the running for Super Bowl LLII.
Monday morning, Governor Mark Dayton announced the formation of a committee to attempt to land the February 4, 2018 game.
Three Twin Cities business leaders will co-chair the effort:
• Doug Baker, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ecolab
• Marilyn Carlson Nelson, former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Carlson
• Richard Davis, Chairman/President/Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Bancorp
In a press release, Governor Dayton said:
The Super Bowl is the most watched annual event in the world.
In addition to game attendees, it brings over 100,000 people to the host community for a weeklong celebration.
"Hosting the Super Bowl would bring enormous economic benefits to many Minnesota businesses, as well as provide a terrific opportunity to again showcase Minnesota to the world.
Minneapolis is one of three cities in the running for the 2018 game; Indianapolis and New Orleans are the others. The game would be played at the Vikings new stadium, which is scheduled to open on the current Metrodome site for the 2016 season.
The host city for Super Bowl LII will be announced in May at the NFL Owners Meetings in Atlanta.
Minneapolis hosted Super Bowl XXVI in 1992.


text:
NEW YORK (AP) Chicago Fire defender Austin Berry has been voted Major League Soccer's Rookie of the Year.
The 24-year-old, selected from Louisville with the seventh pick of January's draft, made 28 consecutive starts and received 140 percent of weighted ballots added from team, media and player votes, the league said Monday.
D.C. United midfielder Nick DeLeon was second with 74 percent, followed by Vancouver forward Darren Mattocks with 26 percent.
MLS also said New England won the team Fair Play Award and Chicago midfielder Logan Pause won the individual Fair Play Award.


text:
This final organizing manual for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom details all logistics of the march, including the purpose of the march and accommodations for arriving in Washington, D.C.
Digital Archive brought to you
by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Enjoying the Digital Archives? Help us maintain and expand the collection. Donate to The King Center


text:
11 New Bee Species Discovered In Eastern United States main content.
by AMNH on
New Finds Include Four Species From New York; One Named Gotham For New York City
Eleven new species of bees, including four from New York City and its suburbs, have been discovered with the help of the vast digital and physical bee collections at the American Museum of Natural History. The newly described sweat bees - small-to-medium-sized bees named for their attraction to the salt in human sweat - are presented by Cornell University postdoctoral researcher Jason Gibbs in a paper in the journal Zootaxa. One of the new species found in New York City - in the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx and in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden - was given an especially fitting name: Lasioglossum gotham.
"Declines in honey bees and other bees have received a lot of attention in recent years, but it is not generally appreciated that bee species entirely new to science are still being discovered even within our largest cities. New York City has a surprising diversity of bees, with more than 250 described species recorded," said John Ascher, a research scientist in the Museum's Division of Invertebrate Zoology who collected and curated specimens of some of the new species. Asher leads the Digital Bee Collections Network, a collaborative project that serves as the online clearinghouse for information about the world's bee species.
The new batch of bees also includes Lasioglossum ascheri, which was classified from just two specimens found in Westchester and Suffolk counties; L. katherinae from Brooklyn and Nassau County; Lasioglossum rozeni from Suffolk County; and L. georgeickworti from Queens and Nassau and Suffolk counties.
"It's remarkable that so many bees are able to live in such a major urban area," said Gibbs, who used the Museum's collection to help determine the new species. "Natural areas like urban parks and rooftop and botanical gardens provide the nesting sites and floral diversity that bees need. This little bee has been quietly living in the city, pollinating flowers in people's gardens for years. It's a pleasure to help give it some well-deserved recognition."
Bees are the most important pollinators in the Northeastern United States, fertilizing plants as they fly from flower to flower on pollen-collecting missions. The discovery of new bee species in New York City and the vicinity highlights the need for additional study of native bee diversity across the country, Gibbs said.
"There are many more new species in the United States that remain to be described," he said. "These new species are just the tip of the iceberg."
Information about these new species and all others from the eastern United States, including georeferenced specimens recorded by the Museum, are available through the biodiversity web portal Discover Life. This website integrates specimen records from more than a dozen bee collections, so far totaling about 700,000 records, captured in the Digital Bee Collections Network. This collaborative project, led by Ascher, digitizes locality, date, and host plant information from bee specimen labels and displays these data on species pages linked to global maps and identification guides. It is funded by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant #0956388 and receives additional support from Chairman Emeritus of the Museum's Board of Trustees, Robert G. Goelet, who collected specimens of the new species L. rozeni from Gardiners Island.
"The assembled records document changes in the status of bee pollinators, including the sudden declines of several bumble bees," Ascher said. "In addition, study of the new and historical collections has revealed the presence of previously overlooked bee species, many of which still await taxonomic description."
Gibbs' revisionary study was supported with funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and other sponsors listed at www.bolnet.ca. Support for the final stages of this paper was received from NSERC, NSF, and the United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.
American Museum of Natural History (amnh.org)
The American Museum of Natural History, founded in 1869, is one of the world's preeminent scientific, educational, and cultural institutions. The Museum encompasses 45 permanent exhibition halls and galleries for temporary exhibitions, the Rose Center for Earth and Space with the Hayden Planetarium, state-of-the-art research laboratories and five active research divisions that support more than 200 scientists in addition to one of the largest natural history libraries in the Western Hemisphere and a permanent collection of more than 32 million specimens and cultural artifacts. Through its Richard Gilder Graduate School, it is the first American museum to grant the Ph.D. degree. In 2012, the Museum will begin offering a pilot Master of Arts in Teaching with a specialization in earth science. Approximately 5 million visitors from around the world came to the Museum last year, and its exhibitions and Space Shows can be seen in venues on five continents. The Museum's website and growing collection of apps for mobile devices extend its collections, exhibitions, and educational programs to millions more beyond its walls. Visit amnh.org for more information.
Become a fan of the Museum on Facebook at facebook.com/naturalhistory, or visit twitter.com/AMNH to follow us on Twitter.
Media Inquiries: Department of Communications, 212-769-5800


text:
product description
Related Products:
Edge Pro
Edge Pro Sharpening Systems
Sharpening and Maintenance Items
Maker: Edge Pro (click to see more by this maker)
Price: $9.00
Item num: 86946
Item weight: 0.56 oz.Size: Pack of 15 tapes
Description: This 7000 grit polishing tape is designed to be used with Edge Pro Sharpening Systems. It should be attached to a Polishing Blank. It is an ideal grit for creating the highly polished, high performance edge, required by professional chefs and hair stylists. A 2000 grit tape will generally be required before polishing to 7000 grit.
Availability: Backordered - usually ships in 1-2 weeks