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Jay Robinson, 83, a character actor who had a burst of fame after his film debut as Caligula in the 1953 biblical epic "The Robe" but saw his career take a downturn following his arrest for drug possession, died Friday at his home in Sherman Oaks, said longtime friend Lee Brandon. Robinson had
Robinson, a New York native, was routinely labeled the "boy genius" of Broadway after a string of noteworthy performances in the early 1950s, highlighted by his role as the fop Le Beau in a 1950 production of Shakespeare's "As You Like It" that starred Katharine Hepburn.
He was 23 when "The Robe," starring
But Robinson's life took a turn in the late '50s. He was arrested in December 1959 at his home in Bel-Air and charged with possessing and selling heroin. He was found guilty the next spring, sentenced to a year in jail, released on bond expecting probation and began the appeals process.
He said years later that frustration at being typecast led to his drug use. But after his arrest, there was no work at all.
"I lost everything in Hollywood," Robinson told The Times.
He took menial jobs, working as a short-order cook and a veterinarian's assistant. In 1966 he was arrested on a bench warrant for failing to appear for a retrial of his original case and was sent to the state prison in Tracy, where he was put to work as a firefighter. Paroled after 15 months in the spring of 1968, he began to rebuild his life and career.
He won guest spots on "Bewitched," "Mannix," "The Waltons" and other TV series, landed a regular role on the daytime soap "Days of Our Lives" and was cast in small parts in "Shampoo," "Big Top Pee-wee" and a handful of other movies.
"I feel like the ultimate survivor," he told United Press International in 1988.
Times staff


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EQ383, New May 2001
Land application is the most desirable method for making use of the nutrients and organic matter in animal manure. The value of the manure is usually maximized if it can be substituted for the purchase of commercial fertilizer.
Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Unified National Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations, the desired outcome is for all concentrated animal feeding operations to develop and implement a comprehensive nutrient management plan. This plan should address, as necessary, feed management, manure handling and storage, a nutrient management plan for land application of manure, land management, record keeping, and options for making use of manure. In addition to nutrients, the plan should address other pollutants, such as pathogens, to minimize the effects of animal feeding operations on water quality and public health.
At a minimum, nutrient management should prevent the application of nutrients at rates that exceed the capacity of the soil and the anticipated needs of crops. To determine nutrient needs and content, soils and manure should be tested and nutrient removal by crop yield should be evaluated. Manure application equipment should be calibrated to ensure that the intended quantity of material is being applied. Records of crops removed annually and the total amount of manure applied should be kept to maintain the desired nutrient balance. Electronic totalizing flow-rate meters in slurry and lagoon pumping systems are frequently used by custom applicators to calibrate equipment and record the amount applied per acre. These meters can also be a component in site-specific variable-rate application. GPS guidance systems can facilitate record keeping and help in maintaining correct "swath width" for broadcast applicators, including maintaining proper separation distances from wells, streams, water impoundments, sinkholes and property lines.
Table 1 compares various manure application systems by means of an environmental rating system developed at the University of Nebraska and based on five important factors. The first of these is that manure application equipment should provide uniform application, similar to that of fertilizer or chemical applicators, and should be easily calibrated for the desired rate per acre. Timeliness of manure application is an important consideration because there is usually a short window of time when field conditions are suitable and losses will be minimized. Conservation of ammonium nitrogen varies with the method of storage and with weather conditions after manure is applied and before it is incorporated into the soil and used by the crop. Manure application systems vary widely in the resulting odor emissions (nuisances) after application. This is often the determining factor in the choice of application method, especially in densely populated locations.
The high volumes and weights of manure normally handled, usually during the spring and fall when the soil is wet and subject to compaction, give an advantage to systems that pump the manure to the field. In general, systems treat manure as a solid or semisolid to be hauled and spread, or as a liquid (such as a slurry or lagoon effluent) that can be pumped and injected by a tractor-drawn applicator or surface applied by irrigation.
Surface application of liquid manure without immediate incorporation can result in significant losses of the available nitrogen due to ammonia volatilization. Ammonia nitrogen losses vary with application method and with soil and climate conditions from near zero to as much as 80 percent due to ammonia volatilization, depending on the time between land application and incorporation of the manure (Table 2). Without incorporation, most volatilization losses occur within the first 24 hours after land application. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources requires use of an ammonia loss factor of 40 percent on permitted facilities using the plant available nitrogen (PAN) procedure.
Slurries are much more odorous than lagoon effluent or dry solid manure. Aerosol sprays produced by mixing manure and air can carry odors for considerable distances as evidenced from the data in Table 3.
Table 1Environmental comparison of manure application systems.
Table 2Nitrogen losses during land application. Percent of total nitrogen lost within 4 days of application.
Table 3Odor emission rates during land spreading of pig slurry from manure storage.
The equipment used for land application is usually determined by the solids content of the manure. The consistency of manure is usually classified as solid, semisolid, slurry or liquid, depending on its fluidity. Figure 1 relates the consistency of manure from various species to the solids content. This guide will discuss land application equipment used for each of the four classifications in Figure 1.
Figure 1Relative handling characteristics of different types of manure.
Solid manure management systems typically handle less weight and volume than liquid systems because evaporation and separation reduce the amount of water in the manure. The volume of manure may be greater if large amounts of bedding have been added to increase the solids content and make the manure less fluid. Solid manure handling equipment may have lower cost and power requirements; however, the labor required for operation and management is generally greater than for other methods.
The most common equipment for applying solids to the land is a rear-discharge, box-type spreader equipped with beaters that broadcast the manure over a width of several feet (Figure 2). Usually, the manure is conveyed to the beaters at the rear by slats attached at each end to a sprocket-driven chain. Some use a powered front endgate to push the material to the beaters at the rear. To handle semisolid manure, a tight-fitting, closable rear endgate is required. Some spreaders have a side discharge; most of these have V-shaped hoppers and feed the material to the discharge with augers (Figure 3). A rotating expeller slings the material out of the discharge port. The application rate is varied by an adjustable gate opening, usually operated by a hydraulic cylinder. Flail-type spreaders have a semicircular hopper bottom and a rotating shaft with chain-suspended hammers to fling the material from the hopper. The flail-type and the side-discharge spreaders are adapted to both semisolid and solid manure.
Figure 2This box-type spreader is equipped with a chain-driven conveyor to move solid manure to the beaters for rear discharge.
Figure 3This side-discharge, hopper-type spreader can be used for solid and semisolid manure.
Manure spreaders may be tractor-drawn models or they may be mounted on a truck. Most tractor-drawn spreaders are PTO operated, but some are driven from the ground wheels. Some are hydraulically powered for greater speed variation, especially for the apron drive, to vary the application rate. In the past, spreader capacities varied from about 30 to 400 cubic feet with tractor horsepower requirements ranging from 10 to more than 120.
NoteSome newer spreaders have capacities and power requirements approximately double those figures.
Ratings may be expressed in different ways, from cubic feet struck level to bushels heaped. One bushel equals 1.25 cubic feet.
The distance between successive passes of the spreader must be properly adjusted to achieve the best uniformity of application.
Agitation of the manure storage before and during pumping is recommended to reduce the buildup of solids and for a consistent application of sampled nutrients. In the past, most slurry has been transported to the field in tank wagons equipped to either broadcast the slurry onto the soil surface (Figure 4) or to inject the slurry below the surface. Custom operators and large animal feeding operations may use self-propelled applicators, and tender trucks to keep the applicator operating in the field (Figures 5A and 5B). As operations become larger and the potential odor and environmental problems become greater, there is a trend toward injecting or incorporating the slurry with a drag-hose, tractor-drawn applicator (Figures 6 and 7). Injection or immediate incorporation can prevent the loss of ammonia nitrogen to the air. Where odor and erosion problems are minimal, slurry can be surface-applied by sprinkler irrigation with a choice of fixed sprinklers, hand-carried sprinklers, traveling guns or specially equipped center-pivot irrigators. High fiber slurry, such as from dairy and beef animals, may require chopper pumps. Care must be taken not to overapply manure nutrients when using sprinkler irrigation equipment with slurry manure.
Figure 4This tank-type applicator is broadcasting slurry onto the soil surface.
Figure 5AThis self-propelled, tank-type applicator is equipped to inject slurry below the soil surface, thus reducing nutrient losses and odor emissions.
Figure 5BThe self-propelled, tank-type applicator shown in Figure 5A is being refilled from a tender truck.
Figure 6This drag-hose applicator can inject liquid and slurry below the soil surface.
Figure 7The aggressiveness of this incorporating applicator can be increased by angling the tine shaft.
An open-impeller centrifugal pump capable of handling large solids up to 1 inch in diameter may be selected for pumping livestock slurry to minimize clogging problems. Open impeller pumps may handle liquids with solids content up to 15 percent. They often have a sharp rotating blade at the pump inlet to chop large material such as bedding, hay, or silage.
Used for liquids with high solids content, foot valves can leak, thus requiring re-priming of centrifugal pumps used for livestock waste. To avoid priming problems, install the pump below the reservoir level. To reduce the risk of overland flow in case of a piping failure, the pump may be installed in a dry well.
Irrigating high-fiber slurry may require large sprinkler nozzles to prevent clogging. More details on pumps and irrigation can be found in the following section on applying lagoon effluent.
Injector-type applicators (either tanker mounted or tractor-mounted and hose-fed) usually have chisels or sweeps spaced at least 20 inches apart on a toolbar. Use of wide sweeps for injection results in a more uniform application of manure than knives. Generally, injecting with wide sweeps operating 4 to 5 inches below the surface takes less fuel and may have an advantage in sandy soils to place the nutrients near the root zone to minimize leaching. Knife injectors may have an advantage in heavy soils if subsoiling is needed to break up a clay pan. Large amounts of manure applied in a knife channel a short time before planting may result in damage to seedling root development.
Some injectors have paired disks or other furrow closing or covering devices to lessen the chance for odor emission or erosion of the slurry from the slot. Manufacturers are striving to develop applicators that create minimal disturbance of sod or residue cover (to aid in soil conservation compliance). Each opener may require from 10 to 30 or more horsepower, depending on soil, depth, opener design and speed.
The incorporating-type applicators mix the slurry with the surface soil layer using rotating spikes (e.g., an Aer-Way type, Figure 7) or knives (e.g., a rotary tiller). These applicators may take considerably less power than the injector-type, depending on the degree of incorporation. More odor may be emitted from incorporated manure than from injected manure.
Land application by sprinkler irrigation or by a drag-hose, tractor-mounted applicator are the current practical methods of transporting and applying large volumes of lagoon effluent or ponded lot runoff. Drag-hose applicators can decrease odor problems and the loss of ammonia nitrogen to the air by incorporating the manure. The advantages of irrigation include reduced cost and lower power and labor requirements. However, land application of manure slurry and lagoon effluent with irrigation equipment requires a higher level of management than other methods of spreading in order to avoid pollution and nuisance problems. Labor costs are reduced by permanently installed underground pipes to sprinkler risers, center-pivot irrigators or hose attachment points for traveling guns or drag-hose applicators.
Figure 8This PTO-powered, high-pressure centrifugal pump fed by a submersible chopper pump, is typical of pumps used with irrigation systems and drag-hose applicators handling slurry manure.
Table 4Solids content for various liquid manure handling systems.
Effluents from manure lagoons, feedlot runoff holding ponds, and milkhouses (less than 4 percent solids content) can often be handled by conventional irrigation pumps and equipment. Large quantities of these wastes are usually encountered in a system. Pipeline transport is most common because it is impractical to transport such highly dilute manure by tank wagon or truck. Single-stage, standard closed-impeller centrifugal pumps work well. Semi-open impeller pumps are sometimes desirable to reduce clogging. Large solids should be screened out at the pump inlet. The screen area should be as large as possible to minimize velocities into the screen and to eliminate plugging. A trash guard with a 5- to 15-foot radius encircling the screen is often beneficial. The guard can be constructed with small-diameter woven or meshed wire. When large sprinkler nozzles are used, most operators float the intake 18 to 24 inches below the surface and do not use an intake strainer (Figure 9). This keeps the intake free of floating debris, and above the sludge layer at the bottom of the lagoon. The pump should be located as far as is practicable from the inlet pipe to a livestock lagoon. If the lagoon is located in an area where there is a prevailing wind direction, the pump should be located on the upwind side of the lagoon since solids tend to migrate to the downwind side by wind and wave action.
Figure 9To prevent intake of floating debris, suspend an irrigation pump intake about 2 feet below the surface of a lagoon.
Swine, beef and dairy manure as excreted contains about 10 to 12 percent solids, whereas sheep and poultry manure contains about 25 percent solids. To be pumped with conventional irrigation pumps, the solids content should be diluted to 4 percent or less. Because of dilution from rainfall, water (effluent) pumped from lagoons typically contains less than 1 to 2 percent solids and presents no special pumping problem if no large or fibrous solids are present. If long, fibrous solids are present in the liquid being pumped, a chopper pump may be required (Figure 10). The larger the pump size, the larger the solid particles it can pump.
Figure 10Chopper blades on the intake of a centrifugal pump.
Positive displacement helical screw pumps can handle liquids with high solids content, but they must be free of hard abrasive solids such as nails, sand or stones. Do not operate these pumps dry. A common practice is to add a small stream of fresh water directly into the pump inlet to ensure lubrication during operation. With positive displacement pumps, monitor line pressure when sprinkler irrigating directly out of liquid manure pits. If irrigation nozzles clog, pressure buildup can burst pipes.
Some high-capacity centrifugal pumps have two discharges, one to fill a tanker, the other a nozzle to agitate a pit or lagoon to suspend the solids (Figure 11). All-steel pumps are less susceptible to corrosion than pumps with brass impellers. Flushing the system with clean water after use prolongs equipment life by reducing corrosion. Table 5 shows data on several common types of manure pumps.
Figure 11This PTO-powered, high-capacity pump can either fill tankers or bypass effluent to agitate a lagoon, or both.
Table 5Typical manure pump characteristics.
As a general rule, pipelines should be sized to limit fluid velocities in the pipe to 5 fps (feet per second) to reduce water hammer and excessive friction losses. Size pump suction lines so that velocities are less than 2 to 3 fps. Table 6 shows capacities and friction loss for various pipe sizes based on maximum velocity of 5 fps.
Table 7 contains friction loss data for portable aluminum pipe with couplings at 30 foot intervals and for PVC pipe. For 20-foot lengths of aluminum pipe, increase values by 7 percent. Table 8 lists recommended pipe sizes for various flow rate ranges.
Table 6Friction loss in feet of head per 100 feet of pipe for flow rates with velocities limited to 5 fps.
Table 7Friction loss, feet of head per 100 feet of pipe.
NoteFlow rates below the values in boldfaced type for each pipe size exceed the recommended 5 feet per second velocity.
Table 8Recommended pipe sizes for ranges of flow rates in gallons per minute.
NoteThis table provides general guidelines only. Larger pipe size may be required to keep total operating pressure within reason for long lengths of pipeline or large elevation differences between the pump and the application area.
Custom operators of traveling guns and drag-hose applicators frequently use feeder hoses in lieu of rigid pipe for ease in loading the conduit for transport with a reel rather than loading pipe onto a trailer (Figure 12). Because of the high cost of hose, operators may tolerate higher pressure losses with hose than with pipe. Estimated pressure losses due to friction are shown in Table 9. Traveling guns may use either a soft hose or a hard hose. Hard-hose travelers are more convenient for fields with varying lengths of travel but have higher friction losses with a given hose diameter.
Figure 12Hose carts provide a compact, fast means to transport, lay out and take up flexible drag hose or feeder hose.
Table 9Estimated pressure loss in psi (due to friction) for 100 feet of soft hose* per 100 feet of hard hose**.
Pump power requirements are determined by flow rate, pump efficiency and total head (the sum of total lift, friction losses, and the required pressure at the irrigator, expressed in feet) as follows:
Horsepower = (gpm x total head in feet) / (3960 x pump efficiency (decimal)
ExampleYou want to calculate the power required for a traveling gun with 90 psi (208 feet) pressure at the discharge (at the nozzle) operating 40 feet above the lagoon water surface at 700 gpm flow rate with total pipe friction losses for 3,000 feet of 8 inches x 30 feet aluminum pipe at about 35 feet (or 15 psi) and hose friction for a hard hose 4.5 inches x 1200 feet at 72 psi (or about 166 feet). Assume the pump efficiency is 70 percent.
Horsepower = (700 gpm x (208 + 40 + 35 + 166 = 449)) / (3960 x 0.70 pump efficiency) = 113.4 horsepower
NoteIf the pump is operating near the water level, almost the entire 449 feet of head will apply at the pump discharge, subjecting the pipe to about 194 psi pressure, which may exceed the pressure rating of the pipe. If so, the pumping rate may have to be reduced to a point where the pipe will tolerate the operating pressure. This will result in a smaller coverage by the gun; thus, the travel lane spacing must be reduced.
Although the equipment required for pumping and distributing lagoon effluent may be similar to conventional irrigation equipment, the smaller volume of water handled in most livestock lagoons generally allows the use of smaller and less costly systems. The type of sprinkler system chosen may depend on the particle size of the solids in the waste. The system capacity and type selected may depend on the capital available and the annual time window and labor available for pumping. Table 10 shows the estimated annual lagoon pumpdown time in hours for various animal species and systems. Table 11 gives the labor requirement and the number of sets for sprinkling 10 acres with various systems.
Table 10Pumping time required to irrigate the annual average pumpdown volume for lagoons.
Table 11Labor and number of sets for 10 sprinkled acres.
Hand-move sprinkler systemsThe simplest and least costly sprinkler systems are the hand-carry or hand-move types that require labor input for setting up and moving the system. These systems usually have a 4-inch or 6-inch mainline pipe with one or more laterals, which tee off the main line at appropriate intervals. The laterals are assembled from 20-, 30-, or 40-foot sections of aluminum pipe and with sprinklers that cover 60- to 80-foot circles.
As the pump runs, a strip is sprinkled as long as the lateral and as wide as the cover diameter of an individual sprinkler. That strip is one set. After that set is irrigated, the pump is shut off and the pipe is disassembled, moved to a new location, reassembled, and the new set is sprinkled.
With a typical system, a 1/4-mile lateral covers 1.8 acres with each 60-foot move; 32 sprinklers can discharge 10 gpm each for a total 320 gpm pumped through 5-inch pipe. The application rate is 0.4 inch per hour and the power required is about 20 hp.
Nozzle sizes for these systems are generally in the 1/2 to 1-inch range (Figure 14) and typically cover 1/2 to 2 acres per sprinkler depending on nozzle size and system operating pressure. Although labor input is required, these systems may be applicable for small lagoons (Figure 15).
Figure 13The use of aluminum pipe requires more labor than flexible hose requires.
Figure 14Small sprinklers (up to 3/4-inch diameter) can be used to irrigate lagoon effluent onto irregularly shaped fields.
Figure 15Small hand-set sprinklers require more labor than other systems but may be more economical for small operations.
Figure 16Stationary big gun on wheels to facilitate moving.
Stationary big gunThis system is applicable to many waste disposal systems. The system includes a pump and a main line similar to the handmove system, but with one or more large volume gun sprinklers replacing small hand-move sprinklers. Advantages of the big gun system include larger flow rates and a larger wetted area so less labor is required in moving the sprinkler. Some big guns are wheel mounted to facilitate moving the unit (Figure 16). Stationary big guns typically have nozzle sizes ranging from 1 to 2 inches, and operate best at pressures of 80 to 120 psi. Coverage areas of 2.5 to 6.0 acres can be obtained with proper selection of nozzle size and operating pressure. Although stationary big guns cost more than smaller hand-carry systems, the reduced labor cost and higher flow rates may offset the higher cost.
A typical big gun discharging 330 gpm sprinkles a 350 feet diameter circle (2.2 acres) at 0.33 inch per hour and 90 psi. The power requirement is about 30 hp.
Sprinkler systems require labor for movement from one set or location to another to ensure that the soil does not become saturated.
Traveling big gunThe traveling big gun is justifiable on large acreages irrigated several times a year. A single conventional gun sprinkler is mounted on a running gear that is pulled across the field. This self-propelled unit covers larger areas than stationary sprinklers of the same size and has variable speeds to control application depths. Generally, a water-driven winch on the machine pulls the traveling gun across the ground by a cable anchored at the end of the field (a soft-hose traveling gun, Figure 17), or the gun is pulled by a hard hose feeding the water to the traveling gun. A small engine may also drive the winch (on some models). Such an arrangement prevents solids from plugging the water turbine. However, plugging problems are minimal when pumping effluent from properly sized and operated lagoons. An engine-driven cable winch on a soft-hose traveler can be mounted on the traveler or anchored at the far end of the field.
Effluent is usually carried from the lagoon to the point of attachment in the field by portable aluminum pipe (Figure 18) or underground plastic pipe. Traveling guns require pressure ranging from 75 to 120 psi with flow rates from 100 to 800 gpm. Pressure required at the pump may range from 80 to 200 psi, normally being higher for hard-hose travelers than for soft-hose traveling guns. Soft-hose traveling guns usually travel either 660 feet or 1320 feet on each set. The hose is a major cost item on a traveling gun. Typical coverages range from 4 acres per set for small traveling guns to 13 acres per set for large traveling guns, depending on nozzle diameter, operating pressure, sprinkler angle and hose length.
Figure 17Soft-hose traveling big gun irrigators are frequently the system of choice for land application of lagoon effluent.
Figure 18Portable aluminum pipe is available in a variety of sizes for use as a low-friction feeder conduit for irrigators and tractor-drawn, drag-hose applicators and injectors.
Large traveling guns are too costly for pumping typical livestock lagoons, unless also used for crop irrigation or for custom application of effluent. A common size irrigates 10 acres per set compared to about 2 acres for a stationary gun. Most manufacturers of traveling guns now make small units that are competitive in cost with the hand-move or stationary big gun sprinklers. These units are adaptable to the rolling terrain often encountered near lagoons and are easily transported.
Center-pivot irrigation systemsCenter-pivot systems (Figure 19), which move around in a circle like the spokes of a wheel, have been used for some large livestock operations and are customarily used for irrigating effluent from municipal systems. Center-pivot irrigators are becoming more common for land application of livestock manure as the size of operations increases. Center pivots offer almost complete automation. Disadvantages include high initial cost, small sprinklers, and a fixed area of coverage. Systems with nozzles less than 1/4-inch diameter are not recommended because solids in the effluent could plug them.
Figure 19Center-pivot irrigator.
In some cases, an irrigation reservoir also serves as the lagoon receiving livestock waste. In such cases, take care that the reservoir does not overflow, or that the overflow does not violate pollution laws and regulations.
If a lagoon and an irrigation reservoir are located close together, a properly designed pump intake system may allow simultaneous withdrawal of liquid from both the irrigation reservoir and the lagoon. If the irrigation water source and the lagoon are some distance apart, a pump at the lagoon will probably be required to inject the lagoon effluent into the pipe downstream from the pump serving the center-pivot system. This method may also be used to inject manure pit effluent into an irrigation system. Another alternative is to pump or drain the lagoon effluent into the irrigation reservoir provided there is sufficient volume available.
Special center-pivot systems are available with sequencing big guns for irrigating undiluted manure from pits and storage ponds.
Side-roll systems, which roll sideways across a rectangular field, are more adaptable than center-pivot systems but are limited to low-growing crops. Crop clearance is slightly less than half the diameter of the wheel at each lateral joint. Side-roll systems require rectangular fields and have small sprinklers and several mechanical devices to deal with.
Solid-set systems throughout a field are generally too expensive to install, except perhaps for small systems using small-diameter plastic pipe, or for year-round effluent disposal fields. The risers and sprinklers are always in place and must be avoided with machinery and protected from animals. Solid-set sprinkler systems are the most flexible and labor-saving of all systems. If automation is desired, remote control valves can be programmed to operate separate laterals or blocks in sequence.
Gated pipe systems (Figure 20) can provide low-pressure application at low cost and with low energy requirements. Labor requirements, however, may be high, and uniformity of application may be low.
Figure 20Gated pipe systems are occasionally fed by gravity from a lagoon at a higher elevation.
Three performance characteristics are critical to proper land application of wastewater by irrigation. These performance characteristics are determined by site conditions and requirements as shown in the table that follows.
Sprinkler application rate is a characteristic of sprinkler hardware and operating parameters (nozzle type, size, trajectory, pressure). Hence, sprinklers should be selected to be compatible with soil infiltration rate or permeability. If the sprinkler application rate is higher than the soil infiltration rate, the probability of runoff increases. Since runoff must be prevented when irrigating with wastewater, sprinklers are often selected for the lowest application rate possible.
The maximum allowable rate of application (inches per hour) to prevent runoff depends on the intake rate of the soil. The intake rate of an initially dry soil typically decreases at a high rate as water is added and approaches the permeability of the soil. County soil surveys give the permeability of soils in inches per hour and the available water-holding capacity in inches per inch. Contact your local Natural Resources Conservation Service office for a current soil survey.
Depth of application per irrigation event should be matched to the water holding capacity of the soil. The total amount (inches) of an application depends on the water holding capacity (moisture deficit) of the soil at the time of application.
Exceeding the water-holding capacity of the soil can result in runoff and contamination of surface water or percolation into groundwater. Depth of application is determined by duration of operation in the case of stationary sprinklers, and by travel speed in the case of traveling sprinklers.
The total depth of effluent applied annually should provide the target amount of nutrients to the receiving management plan area. This may be accomplished in a single irrigation event, or may require several separate applications, depending on site conditions and annual depth of application. See MU publication EQ327 for more information about determining sprinkler application rate and the depth of application per irrigation event and calculating the total depth of effluent to be applied annually.
Order publications online at http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/shop/ or call toll-free 800-292-0969.

subset: commoncrawl


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Car Review
2013 Nissan GT-R: New Car Review
Pros: Very fast; superb acceleration; extremely agile; upscale interior; abundant premium amenities; affordable relative to competition.
Cons: Less of a status symbol than most competitors; feels a little large and heavy in corners.
What's New for 2013: More horsepower and torque; refined transmission and suspension; standard carbon fiber spoiler for Black Edition; standard backup camera.
The 2013 Nissan GT-R is a 2+2 sport coupe, but that description doesn't do it justice. This supercar's track-caliber credentials are on par with many exotics that cost three, four and even five times as much. For that reason, it's considered one of the best high-performance values in the world.
The GT-R achieves its world-class status thanks to an extremely potent twin-turbo V6, a fast-shifting automated manual gearbox, sport-tuned suspension, powerful Brembo brakes and a sophisticated all-wheel-drive system. All of these elements come together to make the GT-R an extremely capable sports car.
Despite its intentions in performance, the GT-R is not light; it has a curb weight of more than 3,800 lb. And although its dynamics are above and beyond those of most performance cars, it can feel a little weighed down when taking corners at high speeds. Still, with more power for 2013, the GT-R is a track-ready machine that begs to be pushed to its limits.
Inside and out, the GT-R looks the part of a fast car. Its exterior is sleek and aerodynamic, and inside is a well-crafted, sport-infused cockpit with no shortage of performance cues.
For 2013, output of the GT-R is increased to 545 hp and 463 lb-ft torque. The transmission is refined for smoother, quieter shifts and the suspension has been retuned. Blue lighting accents the tachometer ring, and a backup camera is now standard. The Black Edition returns for 2013 with a new, handmade dry carbon spoiler.
Blending performance, technology, aesthetics and affordability, the Nissan GT-R is a rare breed among fast cars. Some enthusiasts might be turned off by the fact that it's a Nissan and not a European exotic, but for anyone wanting a superb sports car without breaking the bank, there might be no better choice.
Comfort & Utility
A high-tech, high-performance cockpit with a sporty and futuristic look defines the GT-R's 4-passenger interior. Premium-quality materials abound, and everything--gauges, meters, controls, vents, dash panels--comes together seamlessly. The entire space is visually stunning, and the ergonomics are excellent.
The front compartment is headlined by a carbon fiber center stack with matte black switchgear and a dash-top multifunction display that details a range of performance data, including G-forces, shifting patterns and lap times. The driver can use this information to improve his or her piloting skills.
The front sport seats are supportive, very well bolstered and designed to keep occupants in place through all of the GT-R's high-speed acrobatics. Unlike many performance cars, there's plenty of headroom and legroom in front, even for people over six feet tall. And the seat comfort is more than adequate for everyday driving and longer highway journeys.
The GT-R's rear seats are tight and difficult to access. They're fine for kids but they won't comfortably accommodate most adults. In terms of trunk space, there's a useable 8.8 cu-ft, which is enough for a couple of overnight bags.
Notable convenience features include Xenon headlights; leather and suede upholstery; power front seats with heat; and a premium 11-speaker audio system. The GT-R Black Edition trades in the standard front sport seats for a pair of black and red leather Recaro seats.
The GT-R's most notable advanced electronic feature is the standard multifunction display unit, which captures pertinent high-performance driving data and allows it to be reviewed by the driver. Other technological amenities include Bluetooth with streaming audio, a USB interface, navigation with real-time traffic and a hard-drive music storage component.
Performance & Fuel Economy
The 2012 Nissan GT-R is equipped with an uprated 3.8-liter twin-turbo V6 that makes a tremendous 545 hp (15 more than the 2012 model) and 463 lb-ft of torque (an increase of 15 lb-ft). The increase comes courtesy of more efficient intake and exhaust emissions and improved control. All of this energy is fed to an advanced all-wheel-drive system by way of a revised 6-speed dual-clutch automated manual gearbox that offers smoother, quieter shifting thanks to sturdier components. The transmission offers three driver-selectable shifting programs.
Acceleration numbers are not available at this time, but the 2013 GT-R's 0-to-60-mph time should beat last year's time of 3.2 seconds. Top speed is expected to exceed a blurring 190 mph.
As one would expect, the GT-R's acceleration is awe-inspiring. Making the performance experience even more ethereal is the rev-matching throttle-blip feature, which mimics the skill of heel-and-toe driving. The GT-R also offers paddle shifters mounted on the steering wheel for drivers who prefer that approach.
Standard safety features for the GT-R include ABS, stability control, traction control and six airbags: front, side and head curtain.
Driving Impressions
From a speed and acceleration standpoint, the GT-R is as good as it gets, with blindingly fast straight-line performance and tire-melting torque. All this power feels a little less daunting because it is accompanied by a very precise steering system, sophisticated all-wheel drive and big, strong brakes designed to reel the car in with precision and control.
The GT-R is as sure-footed and stuck to the pavement as a world-class sports car can be. That's especially true in the curves, whether on harrowing canyon switchbacks or a racetrack. The GT-R feels extremely confident in corners almost regardless of its speed. It maintains racecar-like grip and balance, offering a true sense of control and stability. But if the driver is feeling a little daring and wishes to break the car loose, the stability control can always be shut off.
The GT-R's main drawback is its 3,800-plus-lb curb weight, which makes the GT-R feel a bit less agile than a few of its top German competitors. If this car were to shed 200 to 300 lb, it would be better positioned to outmatch top performance cars.
The GT-R offers an easygoing ride thanks to a driver-tunable vehicle dynamics system. In normal mode, the car takes on a less rigid personality, making it viable for daily commuting or interstate cruising. Everyday comfort is something that many vehicles in this category can't claim.
Other Cars to Consider
Porsche 911 - The starting price for the iconic Porsche is close to that of the GT-R, but optional equipment adds up quickly. Similarly equipped, the Porsche is pricier. It's also more nimble in corners. The GT-R's off-the-line acceleration is more impressive.
Chevrolet Corvette Z06 - The Corvette is more affordable than the GT-R, but from a pure performance standpoint the GT-R is quicker and more agile. In short, the Nissan is a better track car.
Mercedes-Benz C63 AMG - Available in coupe or sedan form, the AMG can offer both luxury and performance at very high levels. The GT-R offers more all-around track prowess, while the AMG is better suited to daily driving.
AutoTrader Recommends
The 2013 Nissan GT-R is available in two trim levels: Premium and Black Edition. Nissan offers only two options, a Cold Weather package with all-season tires and special Super Silver paint. Buyers in northern climates should seriously consider the no-cost Cold Weather package unless they plan on storing the GT-R for the winter. The Black Edition, which is primarily an appearance package, costs an extra $9,500 (taking the base price of $96,820 up to $106,320) and buys a handmade carbon spoiler, black and red leather Recaro seats, a black headliner and blacked-out alloy wheels for an extra dose of aggression on an already mean performance machine.


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Trend Report: Carved & Inlaid Decorative Details
ICFF is often about clean lines, smooth finishes and minimal solutions and presentations, so it was an interesting shift to see so many pieces this year that embraced some heavy duty decorative detail. And not just surface-y printed on pattern, these were all about the texture and art of decorative embellishment — carving and inlay work.
The gallery includes 15 examples that I shot at the show, including everything from marquetry to beading, along with more rough and tumble carving and textured tilework. This is just a taste, there were more to be found. So, lovers of hand hewn finishes can start (cautiously) celebrating — it looks like the possible deepening of a trend.
Examples shown above are from:
1, 12: Sandback
2, 7, 13: Manulution
3, 4, 6, 10: Espacio Sami Hayek
5, 9 : Mutina
8: Khouri Guzman Bunce Limited
11: R&Y Augousti
14: Crafted :Teroforma & Urbancase
15: Jeb Jones
Images: Janel Laban


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GREENVILLE, Ill. – GC baseball took the first contest of the weekend's three-game set against MacMurray College on a game-winning RBI bunt applied by junior Cole Lawson, delivering the Panthers the 3-2 win.
Locked in a pitching duel with two outs, two on, and the game knotted at two apiece in the tenth inning, Lawson laid down a tough-to-handle poke that earned the go-ahead run for the GC club. Senior ace David Massengill tossed a complete-game, seven hit gem to put the Black & Orange in position for the victory.
"Hitters hit and pitcher pitch," said Massengill after the tightly contested duel. "It sounds simple, but that is the mentality you have to have on the mound. You have to do your thing and not worry about the bats because the hits will come. That is exactly how it played out, and we are stoked about the win."
Massengill registered five K's in the ten-inning journey while only allowing two earned. Younger brother Jared Massengill aided David in his second win of the season, leading the Panthers at the plate with a 3-for-5 effort at the dish with a homer.
With the win the Panthers move to 6-14 (4-3 SLIAC) and aim to pick up momentum heading into Saturday's double-header, again facing MC and traveling to Jacksonville to conclude the SLIAC set.


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Federalist Society
The Federalist Society is a national organization that seeks to promote an awareness of the principles that the state exists to preserve freedom, that the separation of governmental powers is central to the Constitution, and that the responsibility of the judiciary is to describe rather than prescribe the law. The local chapter strives to stimulate discussion of federalism issues by sponsoring debates, speakers, and other events to stimulate dialogue.
For more information about upcoming events, email our secretary or join our Facebook group.
Join the Wash U Fed Soc Facebook Group


text: CMA Elects New Board of Directors Scott Frans December 5, 2012 Appointments Take Effect on Jan. 1, 2013 NASHVILLE – The Country Music Association announced today the new Board of Directors. For the first time, CMA conducted the annual Board of Directors election online. The new Board year begins Jan. 1, 2013. Gary Overton, Sony Music Entertainment Nashville Chairman and CEO, completes his term as Chairman of the CMA Board and current CMA Board President Troy Tomlinson, President and CEO of Sony/ATV Music Publishing Nashville, assumes that post. President Elect, Ed Hardy, President of Great American Country (GAC), becomes President of the Board, and Frank Bumstead, Chairman of Flood, Bumstead, McCready, & McCarthy, Inc., has been named President-elect. John Esposito, President Warner Music Nashville, will become the new Secretary/Treasurer of the CMA Board. "It has been both a pleasure and a learning experience for me to serve alongside Gary over this past year," Tomlinson said. "I look forward to working with Ed as he takes on his new role as President and we begin another exciting year for CMA." "I am proud, and deeply honored to have been selected by my peers in the Country Music industry for a leadership position on the CMA Board of Directors," said Hardy. "I have enjoyed working under Gary Overton's leadership, look forward to working with and learning from Troy Tomlinson and with Steve Moore and his talented team this next year to continue to grow the Country Music industry and genre to new levels." Following is a list of 2013 CMA Directors and Directors at Large: Directors By Membership Category Carryover Directors, who are serving the second year of a two-year term, are followed by newly-elected Directors (indicated in bold). Advertising Agency/PR/Marketing Mary Hilliard Harrington, The GreenRoom PR Jeff Walker, The AristoMedia Group Affiliated Joe Galante, Galante Entertainment Organization Steve Buchanan, Grand Ole Opry Group Artist Luke Bryan Kix Brooks, Don't Miss This, LLC Broadcast Programming and Air Talent Blair Garner, After Midnite with Blair Garner, Premiere Networks Mike Moore, Entercom Communications, Portland, OR Composer Brett James, Cornman Music Tom Douglas, Sony/ATV Music Publishing Entertainment Services Stacey Schlitz, Schlitz Law Frank Bumstead, Flood, Bumstead, McCready, & McCarthy, Inc. International Bob Shennan, BBC, London Rob Potts, Rob Potts Entertainment Edge, Five Dock, Australia Music Publisher/PRO Troy Tomlinson, Sony/ATV Music Publishing Jody Williams, BMI Musician Biff Watson, Biff-Bangs Productions, Inc. Kenny Greenberg Personal Manager Bill Simmons, The Fitzgerald Hartley Company Clarence Spalding, Spalding Entertainment Producer/Engineer/Studio Jeff Stevens, Jeff Stevens Music Radio Management Clay Hunnicutt, Clear Channel Communications Natalie Conner, Vice President/General Manager, WXTU, Philadelphia, Penn. Record Company Mike Dungan, Universal Music Group Nashville John Esposito, Warner Music Nashville Talent Agent Rob Beckham, William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC Talent Buyer/Promoter Brian O'Connell, Live Nation Tony Conway, Conway Entertainment Group, LLC Television/Video/Media Ed Hardy, Great American Country Lon Helton, Country Aircheck Venue Sally Williams, The Ryman Auditorium Lifetime Directors J. William Denny Ralph Peer II, peermusic Ex-Officio Members Jim Free, The Smith-Free Group, Washington, D.C. Kyle Young, Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum Directors at Large: Charlie Anderson, Anderson Media Corporation, Knoxville, Tenn. Scott Borchetta, Big Machine Label Group Becky Brenner, Albright & O'Malley & Brenner Country Radio Specialists, Seattle, Wash. Randy Chase, Cox Media Group, San Antonio, Texas Pat Collins, SESAC Charlie Cook, West Virginia Radio Corp., Morgantown, W.Va. Jay DeMarcus, Rascal Flatts Bob DiPiero, Love Monkey Music Chris DuBois, Sea Gayle Music Tim DuBois, Tim DuBois Entertainment Ann Edelblute, XIX Entertainment Kerri Edwards, Red Light Management Ted Ellis, CMT Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Karen Fairchild, Little Big Town Randy Goodman John Hamlin, CMT – Country Music Television Mark Hamilton, iTunes, San Bruno, Calif. Pat Higdon, Patrick Joseph Music Clint Higham, Morris Artists Management Group John Huie, Creative Artists Agency Jan Jeffries, Cumulus Media, Chicago, Ill. Kurt Johnson, Townsquare Media, Dallas, Texas Michael Knox, Music Knox, LLC. and peermusic Nashville Marion Kraft, ShopKeeper Management Daren Lashinsky, National Shows 2 Ken Levitan, Vector Management Luke Lewis Jon Loba, Broken Bow Records John Marks, Sirius XM Satellite Radio Deb McDermott, Young Broadcasting Kevin Neal, Buddy Lee Attractions Gary Overton, Sony Music Nashville Jason Owen, Sandbox Entertainment John Paul, Dial Global Radio Networks, Englewood, Colo. Brian Philips, CMT – Country Music Television David Ross, BossRoss Media Victoria Shaw, Victoria Shaw Songs Mike Vaden, Decosimo Vaden Larry Vallon, AEG Live, Los Angeles, Calif. Ben Vaughn, Warner/Chappell Music Ed Warm, Joe's Bar, Chicago, Ill. More than 11,000 music industry professionals and companies around the globe are members of the Country Music Association. Formed in 1958 as the first trade association for a single genre of music, the organization's objectives are to serve as an educational and professional resource for the industry while advancing the growth of Country Music around the world. This is accomplished through CMA's strategic imperatives – CMA Music Festival and the companion CMA Music Festival television special, the CMA Awards, and CMA's latest television venture "CMA Country Christmas." All of CMA's TV properties air on the ABC Television Network through 2021. For information about CMA visit CMAworld.com.


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SEATTLE — Payday lending chain Cottonwood Financial, Ltd., which does business as The Cash Store, refused to accommodate a manager with bipolar disorder at its store in Walla Walla, Wash., and unlawfully fired him due to his disability, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) charged in a lawsuit filed today.
The EEOC's suit (EEOC v. Cottonwood Financial, Ltd., CV-09-5073-EFS) charged that the company refused to accommodate store manager Sean Reilly's need for sufficient time off to adjust to new medication prescribed by his doctor. Hired as an assistant manager in June 2006, Reilly was promoted to store manager in October and received an award for the success of his store in November 2006. However, in late January 2007, Reilly was prescribed new medication, and his family made requests on his behalf to the district manager, explaining Reilly's need for enough leave to recover. Senior management at Cottonwood Financial, however, ignored the requests and later fired Reilly, refusing to tell him why he had been terminated.
Reilly said, "After my diagnosis, I really challenged myself to beat the odds and do well at work. I was proud of my promotion and of my performance. It was crushing to me to be fired for no reason other than needing a few days off to adjust to new medication."
Disability discrimination violates the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), which requires employers to engage in an interactive process with employees in good faith, exploring what accommodations for a disability are possible. The EEOC filed suit in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington after first attempting to reach a voluntary settlement. The EEOC seeks monetary damages on behalf of Reilly, training on anti-discrimination laws, posting of notices at the work site and other injunctive relief.
EEOC San Francisco Regional Attorney William R. Tamayo noted, "Sean Reilly proved himself a skilled and diligent employee. That's why he was promoted to store manager only four months after being hired. When his disability required him to take several days off from work, his employer refused to give him enough time or even talk to him about possible accommodations. The law requires more. When an employee faces limitations because of a disability, employers have a duty to explore reasonable accommodations. Cottonwood didn't make an effort, and that's why the EEOC filed suit in this case."
San Francisco District Director Michael Baldonado added, "Employees with disabilities can remain productive members of the work force, especially if employers fully engage with their duty under the ADA to work interactively with these employees to find a solution."
According to its web site, www.cashstore.com, Cottonwood Financial owns and operates payday lending stores with over 500 employees in Washington, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, New Mexico, Texas and Wisconsin. Its headquarters are in Irving, Texas.
The EEOC enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. Further information about the EEOC is available on its web site at www.eeoc.gov.
This page was last modified on August 20, 2009.
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525 North Main Street
Opelousas, Louisiana - 70589
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Vivienne Westwood Vivienne's Bags 6972 Large Bag in ruby. A shape that debuted in Vivienne Westwood's Autumn/Winter 2015 Red Label show. The unorthodox shoulder bag is offered in supple ruby red leather with gold brass hardware and copper Orb emblem placed in the corner. The bag securely fastens with a zip closure that is detailed with an extended leather zip cord. Inside, the main compartment is complimented by a zipped pocket and two open pouches for extra storage.
- Vivienne Westwood Women's Bags
- Vivienne Westwood Vivienne's Bags 6972 Large Bag
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Ruby Wing is a new brand made by the folks behind Color Club, all of the polishes are color changing. Instead of changing with temperature like a lot of color changing polishes do these change with UV. I was pretty impressed with how quickly these changed between colors when I stepped out into the sun and then back into the shade. I've tried other UV changing polishes (i.e. Del Sol) and always found that it took a while for the color to develop into what it should.
To see swatches & reviews of the 3 shades I picked up from Ruby Wing click the read more button below!
Eclipse is a blue creme that depending on if you are out in the sun or not changes from dark blue to a lighter dusty periwinkle blue. I really enjoy both colors this changes to, the change isn't a huge one but it is noticeable. The formula was good, a little sheer on the first coat but I only ended up needing 2 coats for full opacity.
Each bottle comes with a little tag that shows what the color change should be, I thought I'd include a photo of it for each of these!
Sand Dune is a creme that changes from a peachy orange to a rosy pink. I love this one, both the colors are gorgeous and the color change is pretty drastic! The formula wasn't my favorite, I found it it be thick and a bit streaky. The opacity was good at 2 coats but I needed 3 to even it out.
Desert Valley is a shard like opalescent glitter that has a base that changes from clear to dark purple. In the bottle this was...wow. On the nail this was a nightmare, I wanted so badly to like this but it's just not for me.
I found that it was hard to get the glitter onto the brush. Once it was on the brush applying it was no easy task. The salt in the wound was that this was one of those shard glitters where the pieces just go every which way all crazy like and never flatten even with multiple coats of top coat.
To not be a total bummer it was beautiful over some colors, I especially loved it over Eclipse and Sand Dune in the shade. I also liked this over dark colors but that pretty much defeats the whole purpose of buying this for the changing color since you can't see it. I have to say though, this was really ugly over Sand Dune in the sun, I took a photo and I started editing it and I can't even bring myself to post it. Because the formula is so hard to work with it's pretty much impossible to get an even coat of this on, when you put it over a light shade and go out in the sun where the base of the glitter turns dark purple it looks like a trainwreck. I can only imagine how bad it would look over white or on it's own :(
|Desert Valley over Sand Dune (Shade/Indoors)
|Desert Valley over Eclipse (Sun)
|Desert Valley over Eclipse (Shade)
Ruby Wing polishes can be found for $10 at Urban Outfitters they are available both online and in store, at my local UO they only had 5 colors in stock in store so online is probably the best place to buy from them. You can also get these for $12 at Ricky's NYC I'm not sure if they are available in store there since they do not have any So Cal locations. You can also buy these direct from Ruby Wing for $12 a bottle.


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ACT vs. PARCC: A Side-By-Side Comparison
UPDATE (May 16, 2014): The blog below was post by Diane Ravitch, who was appointed to public office by both Presidents George H.W. Bush (From …
UPDATE (May 16, 2014): The blog below was post by Diane Ravitch, who was appointed to public office by both Presidents George H.W. Bush (From …
This link leads to an editorial posted by the Chicago Tribune, March 25, 2014. This editorial is a disturbing example of …
The following is a Lexile analysis of the ACT Aspire Exemplar Test Items for Reading: Early High School-Social Science-Biscotti di …
UPDATE (March 20, 2014): The blog below was post by Diane Ravitch, who was appointed to public office by both …
Caesar Has His - You're Mine
19th Judicial Circuit Court
Ensuring Access to Education.
It's Your Vote Lake County!
Provide details of the poor conduct by Canadian National Railway, Imperial Oil and Cando Contracting Ltd. during construction and operation of a rail yard near Edmonton, Alberta, and help others avoid similar problems.
The Whacky World of Education Politics
Almost daily posts from a retired public school teacher who is just looking at the data.
Literary Agent / Investigative Journalist / Polymath. Once the truth is known, theories naturally become obsolete.
Illinois Poltics at a Glare
Kelli's message is so powerful she is the only lawyer forbidden to talk to her own client, her co-counsel, or the community for nearly 16 months.
An insider's look at education, teaching, parenting and coming of age.
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The purpose of Think Left is to present a view of politics from a left-wing perspective.
Animals, peace, war, civil liberties, science, social justice, women's issues, arts, much more
a blog in Wisconsin
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Bill and Melinda Gates - 15 years of failed experiments in public education
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to uncover that which is secret, hidden, or obscure... to reveal truth by exposing lies!
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We are many. There is power in our numbers. Together, we will save our schools.
Working to educate, persuade, engage and mobilize through "perceptive and acerbic" observations about Corporate Education Reform and Connecticut Government and Politics
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Educators from the US and beyond: please share your teaching stories with Mr. Bill Gates. How have the policies of the Gates Foundation influenced your classroom, your students, your teaching, your schools, and your communities?
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easy! Just download the twelve artwork pages and the twelve monthly grids.
Tape each month's artwork and grid together, trim the edges, and
either tape or spiral bind the top.
You can print out each page on a standard printer and then tape
the artwork and the grid together to form the finished calendar which measures 10 x 16
inches after you trim the edges. All of the artwork and grids are in portrait mode
(this is the standard printer mode).
The artwork is also available in PDF format. Click on the link under the artwork for a PDF version.
This is a clearer and larger version of the calendar.
You may want to read the Help with Printing file first for some
These files are rather large and may take a while to download,
but I hope that you'll be pleased with the quality.
with Printing
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New Car Review
2012 BMW X3: New Car Review
Pros: Refined engines and transmission; seriously quick in xDrive35i trim; satisfying ride/handling balance; high-quality cabin; adult-size back seat
Cons: Relatively low cargo capacity; desirable options like navigation quickly inflate the price
Think of the 2012 BMW X3 as one big mulligan on the heels of the original X3's errant shots. In case our golf metaphor isn't meaningful to you, we'll put it this way: plenty of folks bought the first-generation X3, but they didn't necessarily like it. Chief among their complaints was a stiff ride better suited to a competition-spec M3 than a family-friendly crossover SUV. The first X3 also didn't get great fuel economy, and its interior had some quality issues.
So the current X3, which made its debut last year, had its work cut out for it. Happily, we can confirm that BMW has ironed out most of the kinks. The ride is vastly improved, and the X3 now floats over bumps that would have reverberated through the previous model's bones. Fuel economy is no longer a weakness, thanks largely to the excellent new eight-speed automatic transmission, and the interior quality is easily on par with any other vehicle at the X3's price point. Plus, the X3 is exceptionally fleet of foot with the available turbocharged inline-6.
Indeed, the new X3 is so much better than the old one that there's hardly anything to complain about. Mulligans don't always work out for the best, but the 2012 BMW X3 is pretty close to a hole in one.
Comfort & Utility
The 2012 BMW X3 is available in two trim levels: normally aspirated xDrive28i and turbocharged xDrive35i.
The xDrive28i comes standard with 17-inch alloy wheels, foglamps, keyless entry with push-button ignition, leatherette upholstery, eight-way power front seats with driver memory, a tilting and telescoping steering wheel, automatic climate control, iPod/USB and Bluetooth connectivity, a 12-speaker audio system and BMW's iDrive information and entertainment system with the basic small, square display.
The xDrive 35i adds a turbocharged engine, 18-inch alloy wheels, adaptive xenon headlamps, LED brake lights, wood interior trim, a panoramic sunroof and a sportier steering wheel.
The most notable option, in our view, is the navigation system, which radically changes the iDrive system, replacing the standard screen with a beautiful 8.8-inch wide-screen display-and adding hard-drive-based operation with digital music storage. There are many other options, of course, including sport seats, adaptive dampers, a power tailgate, 19-inch wheels (xDrive35i only) and a 16-speaker, 600-watt audio system.
Our first thought on entering the X3 was that BMW has the commanding driving position nailed. The front seats are nice and tall, affording an expansive view over the hood-and since the X3 has plenty of glass all around, outward visibility is great no matter where you're looking. We'd consider springing for one of the packages that offer the sport seats, though; the beefed-up side bolsters and manual thigh-support extenders are worth the stretch.
The X3's gauges will be comforting to BMW aficionados, employing the classic white-on-black numerals that change to orange on black at night. Interior materials are almost uniformly premium, and the attractively restrained dashboard design is straight out of the traditional BMW playbook. The standard iDrive display looks a little pathetic, though; you might want to pony up for the wide-screen navigation system.
The X3's rear seat is pleasantly elevated like those in front, yet there's plenty of headroom, so even lanky passengers will have plenty of space. We actually prefer the X3 to the larger X5 in this regard. As for cargo space, there's a respectable 27.6 cubic feet behind the second row and 56.5 cubic feet, definitely on the small side for a vehicle of this type, with the rear seatbacks folded down. The X3 is handy, don't get us wrong, but other entry-level luxury crossovers tend to be handier.
The central tech topic for the X3 is its iDrive information and entertainment system, which comes in two forms. The standard system has a square display, lacks navigation and doesn't offer digital music storage. We're not enthused about the functionality of this version. If you opt for the pricey navigation system, though, you get a crisp, colorful 8.8-inch wide screen that's hard drive based with plenty of space for your MP3s. The iDrive controls have improved dramatically from the system's controversial early years, now featuring a vastly better menu structure and numerous physical buttons next to the primary knob for direct access to common pathways. This goes for both versions, so at least the basic version is pretty user-friendly.
Performance & Fuel Economy
The 2012 BMW X3 comes with standard all-wheel drive; the Dynamic Handling Package adds a rearward power bias for sharper handling. The xDrive28i is powered by a normally aspirated 3.0-liter inline-6 rated at 240 horsepower and 221 lb-ft of torque. The xDrive35i steps up to a turbocharged 3.0-liter inline-6 good for 300 hp and 300 lb-ft of torque. Every X3 has a very smooth and responsive eight-speed automatic transmission.
Acceleration falls short of scintillating with the xDrive28i's base inline-6, but it is an exceptionally refined engine. For what it's worth, you won't be able to get it next year: a turbocharged inline-4 will be the new base engine for 2013. Fuel economy is 19 mpg city/25 mpg highway. The real star of the show is the xDrive35i's turbocharged inline-6, which transforms the X3 into an amazingly fast vehicle. The eight-speed automatic is a perfect match for the turbocharged power delivery, too. If you want a hot-rod luxury crossover at this price point, get the xDrive35i, and you'll have no regrets. Fuel economy is great as well, somehow outdoing the xDrive28i's at 19/26 mpg.
The 2012 BMW X3 comes with standard stability control, four-wheel ABS and six airbags (front, front side, full-length side curtain).
The government hasn't crash tested the X3, but the independent Insurance Institute for Highway Safety gave the X3 its highest rating of Good in every category.
Driving Impressions
The X3 is tall, no doubt about it, but it remains exceptionally composed in corners for a crossover SUV. That makes its smooth, quiet ride all the more remarkable. BMW really nailed the suspension tuning in this truck. Throw in the delicious turbocharged inline-6, and you have the clear driver's choice among entry-level luxury crossovers. But that was also true of the previous X3; the news this time around is that passengers will be equally pleased with the way the X3 goes down the road.
Other Cars to Consider
Audi Q5: The Q5 feels nearly as athletic as the X3, and we prefer its styling. A must-drive in this class.
Cadillac SRX: The SRX's calling card is its new 3.6-liter V6, which pumps out a healthy 308 horsepower and almost single-handedly makes the Caddy a pleasure to drive. It has a top-notch interior, too.
Volvo XC60: We'd stay away from the XC60's base engine when cross-shopping against the X3, but the turbocharged inline-6 is a winner, and we like the XC60's well-rounded nature.
AutoTrader Recommends
We wouldn't be able to resist the turbocharged engine, so give us the xDrive35i, and we'll take the Sport Activity package (which includes the sport seats) and the navigation system as well. The X3 costs a pretty penny this way, but it's a lot of crossover for the money.


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♦ ♦ ♦
When Justin Timberlake chronicled his painful breakup with Britney Spears in 2002's "Cry Me a River," Lizzy Jagger showed the autobiographical video to her father. "You see the scene in the video?" she asked. "That actually happened, Dad." Mick Jagger knew instinctively that the rules that applied to other stars did not necessarily apply to him. "If I wrote about what my life is really about, directly and on the money," Mick said, "people would cringe."
No matter to the millions of fans who spanned the generations, and for whom the term "Jagger swagger" defines what it means to be truly hip and cutting edge—not just fifty years ago when Mick first stepped onto a stage with the Rolling Stones, but today. As the Stones approach their half-century milestone, such contemporary artists as Ke$ha, Kanye West, and the Black Eyed Peas pay musical homage to Jagger—none more memorably than Maroon 5's Adam Levine and Christina Aguilera, who added their voices to the mounting crescendo of musical tributes with "Moves Like Jagger." First performed on the hit NBC reality TV show The Voice in June 2011, "Moves Like Jagger" zoomed to number one. With the aid of a hit video featuring the lanky, tattooed Levine, a seductive Christina, and riveting archive footage of a fleet-footed Mick—the true star of the production—"Moves Like Jagger" dominated the musical landscape for the rest of the year.
Is he Jumpin' Jack Flash? A Street Fighting Man? The Midnight Rambler? A Man of Wealth and Taste? All this, it turns out, and far, far more. By any definition, Mick Jagger is an original, one of the dominant cultural figures of our time. Swaggering, strutting, sometimes sinister, always mesmerizing, he grabbed us by our collective throat a half century ago and—unlike so many of his gifted peers—never let go.
Jagger is arguably the last of the rock titans, although even that description sells him short. Over the past half century—from the tumultuous sixties and hedonistic seventies to the booming eighties and no-holds-barred nineties to hardscrabble 2012—Mick seeped into the pores of the culture in a way few others have.
To baby boomers and subsequent generations, Mick was a fun-house mirror reflection of every phase, fad, movement, and trend. Once the Beatles paved the way with their squeaky-clean brand of youthful rebellion, the Stones gloried in being dirty, scruffy, raunchy, and rude. Students took to the streets to protest the war in Vietnam, and Mick supplied them with rage-filled anthems.
No group epitomized the sex, drugs, and rock-and-roll ethos of the psychedelic era more than the Stones. And when the occult was added to the mix, Mick wrapped himself not in some mystic's robes but in Lucifer's crimson cloak.
His macho street fighter image behind him, Mick became an avatar of androgynous chic, wearing mascara and lipstick and exploring his bisexual side. This, in turn, morphed seamlessly into the disco era, when Mick slipped his bony frame into white satin jumpsuits, bathed himself in glitter, and belted out dance hits between hits of cocaine.
The "Just Say No" eighties of Ronald Reagan brought another shape-shift for Jagger. Now Mick was a family man, and staunchly antidrug. "Why," he now claimed with a straight face, as if the previous thirty years hadn't happened, "I never really did any of those things."
As it turned out, more than Mick's lips were larger than life. Everything he did both on and off stage seemed to be bigger, faster, louder. As the lead singer of the Rolling Stones, he sang, pranced, strutted, vamped, and yes, swaggered, before more people than anyone in history. By 2010, of the ten highest-grossing concert tours of all time, the Rolling Stones occupied spots one, three, four, five, and nine.
Then, of course, there were the records—an astounding 250 million albums sold—and the annual polls never failing to rank the Rolling Stones as the greatest rock-and-roll band of all time. Which, logically, made Mick the number one rock vocalist of all time.
Offstage Mick did not disappoint, living the sybaritic life of an arrogant, self-obsessed, seemingly out-of-control rock star to the hilt. The public dramas and private heartaches were detailed meticulously by a ravenous press, along with the wretched excesses of Mick's private life: the lavish homes and limousines, the private jets and yachts, the drugs, the women—and sometimes the men. But especially the women.
Along the way, Mick used skills he learned as a student at the London School of Economics to help the band earn billions and make its members all absurdly rich—in Mick's case, to the tune of $400 million. He also slavishly pursued his dream of being accepted into the highest circles of British society—a quest that, in time, earned him a knighthood.
For essentially his entire adult life, this vocal enemy of the Establishment has also been cozy with England's aristocracy—just one in the mind-spinning tangle of contradictions that make up Jagger the man.
Mick is the suburban English schoolboy who exploded on the scene singing blues from America's heartland; the gym teacher's son who became the poster boy for unfettered hedonism; the street tough with the refined tastes of a proper English gentleman; the androgynous dabbler in bisexual love with boundless heterosexual appetites; the knight of the realm who for fifty years has reveled in his worldwide image as rock's rebel emeritus, the legendary Lothario whose most important and enduring human relationship is with another man who claims not to understand him at all: Keith Richards.
As the Rolling Stones celebrated their fiftieth anniversary, Jagger remained one of the most written about, talked about, and speculated about people on the planet. Yet, incredibly, he succeeded in cultivating the one thing that all true icons have in common: a powerful mystique.
It is, in the end, that singular, galvanic force of nature—a charismatic creature who would have achieved stardom with or without the Rolling Stones—who continues to mesmerize, excite, and enthrall us after a half century. Scandal, money, drama, music, fame, drugs, sex, and genius—all this and more are embodied in the man whose very name defines an era. That man is Jagger. That man is Mick.
The Wild Life and Mad Genius of Jagger
The Wild Life and Mad Genius of Jagger
"He's a smart little mother******,I'll give him that." —KEITH RICHARDS on MICK JAGGER
IS he Jumpin' Jack Flash? A Street Fighting Man? A Man of Wealth and Taste? All this, it turns out, and far more. By any definition, Mick Jagger is a force of nature, a complete original—and undeniably one of the dominant cultural figures of our time. Swaggering, strutting, sometimes elusive, always spellbinding, he grabbed us by our collective throat a half-century ago and—unlike so many of his gifted peers—never let go.
For decades, Mick has jealously guarded his many shocking secrets—until now. As the Rolling Stones mark their 50th anniversary, journalist and #1 New York Times bestselling author Christopher Andersen tears the mask from rock's most complex and enigmatic icon in a no-holds-barred biography as impossible to ignore as Jagger himself.
Based on interviews with friends, family members, fellow music legends, and industry insiders—as well as wives and legions of lovers—MICK sheds new light on a man whose very name defines an era and candidly reveals:
—New details about Jagger's jaw-dropping sexual exploits with more than four thousand women (including Madonna, Angelina Jolie, Carly Simon, Linda Ronstadt, Uma Thurman, and France's First Lady Carla Bruni)—as well as his encounters with several of rock's biggest male stars. Also, the day Mick's wife Jerry Hall and Keith Richards pleaded with Jagger to seek treatment for sex addiction.
—The backstage drama surrounding Mick's knighthood, and Jagger's little-known ties to Britain's Royal Family, including Prince William and Kate Middleton.
—What he really thinks of today's superstars—including Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, Beyoncé, Justin Timberlake, Kanye West, and Justin Bieber.
—Never-before-revealed, behind-the-scenes accounts of his often turbulent relationships—from his band-mates, ravenous groupies, and rabid fans to such intimates as Andy Warhol, John Lennon, Jackie Onassis, Bill Clinton, and others.
—Cocaine, LSD, hashish, and speed—the flabbergasting truth about the extent of Jagger's substance abuse, and how long it really went on.
—A rare glimpse into Mick's business dealings and the killer instinct that has enabled him to amass a personal fortune well in excess of $400 million.
—The stormy "marriage" between Mick and Keith that nearly ran aground over Keith's searing comments—and all the scandal, mayhem, excess, madness, and genius that went into making the Rolling Stones "the world's greatest rock-and-roll band."
Like its subject, this book is explosive and riveting—the definitive biography of a living legend who has kept us thrilled, confounded, and astounded.
- Gallery Books |
- 384 pages |
- July 2012


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Hiscox Cases - so good you can put the guitar in them and stand on them and they will be fine.
We at Hiscox Cases are only too aware that in this fast moving, hectic world, it is easy to damage precious instruments. That's why our "Liteflite" range of cases have been designed to give those instruments the finest protection possible from a LIGHTWEIGHT case.
Established in 1985, Hiscox Cases Ltd. is the brainchild of Brynn Hiscox, a professional guitar maker. Being acutely aware of the lack of quality cases on the market, he used his engineering background to design a case that stood up to his exacting requirements. Brynn's customers demanded cases that had higher protection but with LESS WEIGHT.
Hiscox cases are sold world-wide - we export regularly to Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, France, Spain, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Italy, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Taiwan and the USA - as well as to more than 900 UK retailers and instrument makers. This popularity is no accident - it is achieved by consistent Quality of Product, Quality of Service and Value for Money pricing.


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European Commission - Press release
€ 2.5 billions to boost business competitiveness and SMEs 2014 - 2020
Brussels, 30 November 2011 – Promote access to finance and encouraging an entrepreneurial culture, including the creation of new enterprises are the core issues of the new financial support programme, tabled by the European Commission in Brussels today. With a budget of € 2.5 billions over the period 2014-2020, the Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs, COSME is a funding instrument, which is largely continuing the activities under the current Competitiveness and Innovation programme (CIP). The new programme targets in particular: 1) entrepreneurs, in particular SMEs, which will benefit from easier access to funding for their business, 2) citizens who want to become self-employed and face difficulties in setting up or developing their own business, 3) Member States' authorities, which will be better assisted in their efforts to elaborate and implement effective policy reform.
European Commission Vice President Antonio Tajani, responsible for enterprises and industry, said: "Easing SMEs access to finance, markets and entrepreneurship policies, is key to overcome the crisis. This programme will help to unlock the growth potential of enterprises focusing on boosting the real industry. We will strengthen competitiveness of businesses and create new jobs, and ultimately reinforce the growth potential of the EU economy."
See the current CIP programme and the Access to finance under the current CIP programme.
The Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs, COSME will focus on financial instruments and support to the internationalisation of enterprises and it will be simplified – to make it easier for small businesses to benefit from it. The Programme has the following general objectives:
The Programme is expected to assist yearly 39 000 firms, helping them create or save 29 500 jobs and launch 900 new business products, services or processes, yearly. Access to credit will be easier for entrepreneurs, particularly those willing to launch cross-border activities, with an anticipated €3.5 billion in additional loans and investment for European businesses. The financial envelope for implementing the Programme shall be EUR 2.5 billion, of which EUR 1.4 billion shall be allocated to financial instruments. The remainder will be spent for financing the Enterprise Europe Network, international industry cooperation and entrepreneurship education.
For further information:
IP/11/1475 and MEMO/11/848 Horizon 2020
IP/11/1479 and MEMO/11/851 European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
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Simpsons Of Sussex Electrical26 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We always work to a high standard and strive to do the most for our customers, all at a competitive price. We undertake all aspects of electrical work and aim to be available as soon as you require. We shall always communicate accordingly throughout, keeping you informed...
Latest Electrical feedback review:
By suzanne56324 on 6th Nov, 2018
D.R Electrical22 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
D.R Electrical are a small Brighton family company which prides itself on high quality workmanship at competitive rates. We complete all sizes of jobs, are fully insured and have NAPIT accreditation, meaning you can be assured our work is of the safest and highest quality.
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By dickelliott on 8th Aug, 2018
EYMB electrical54 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi I am Ben,I am an electrician to C&G and 17th Edition. I offer a wide variety of high quality and standard of electrical installation, rewiring, fault finding, enspection and testing. intruder alarm "enforcer" . I will work side-by-side with you every step of the way until...
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By lucindagil on 30th Sep, 2018
Reid Electrics Ltd522 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
I am a fully insured NAPIT Certified Part P, 17th edition and 2391 inspection and test electrician. I can offer all types of electrical work including updating fuseboards to the new ammendment and supplying all relevant certificates for these and special location...
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By mac_andrias on 13th Nov, 2018
M Sibley Electrics and General Building76 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I am a full scope part p registered electrician I can do anything from full rewires to fault finding I have been working as a domestic electrician for the past 5 years before that I was working as a industrial electricians mate for 3 years I will also consider any other...
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By allen1_80 on 11th Nov, 2018
T&G electrical11 Feedback reviews, 91% positive
T&G Electrical has been going for 6 years now. We have all the relevant qualifications including testing and inspection. No job is too small. Ranging from changing light fittings to full re wires. T&G Electrical are a family business that have been carrying out electrical...
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By michael_360 on 29th Aug, 2017
K. Poulter Electrical20 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hello my name is Karl, I'm a qualified JIB electrician with over 16 years experience.I'm a friendly, very reliable, concientious worker, that always likes to complete a job to a high standard. I can offer all types of electrical work including domestic, commercial and...
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By jan75891 on 17th Aug, 2018
A.M.E. Contractors25 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
A.M.E. contractors guarantee all electrical work carried out to City & Guilds standard at a reasonable price. Installation, fault finding and maintenance are just some of the services provided. Fully insured and registered with Elecsa.
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By jong093 on 31st May, 2018
Elexconnect11 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We undertake all aspects of electrical requirements in Domestic and Commercial environments. We are fully qualified electricians, and are fully insured. We offer free, no obligation quotes and provide a 24 hour call out service. We are a new partnership with over 7 years...
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By kirsty27_93 on 2nd Nov, 2018
T A Electrical11 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I am a fully qualified electrician with 9 years experience. My work is fully insured and im fully certified. I am able to undertake all electrical works from changing over a light to a full rewire. I offer a friendly, reliable & very reasonably priced service and take great...
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By lynne_488 on 29th May, 2018
LH Electrical12 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Fully qualified and experienced electricians undertaking all aspects of electrical work. All work is carried out safely, to the highest standard and in guidance with the BS 7671 wiring regulations. We are fully insured and Part P registered (NAPIT) with experience in testing...
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By lesleyh_83 on 8th Oct, 2015
DB Electrical Services5 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
All types of electrical works undertaken.domestic and commercial.20 years experience. Registered with Elecsa
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By user_s6d on 18th Jul, 2017
DBM Services9 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We carry out electrical installations and minor works from a new socket,fault finding to complete installations. We specialise in smart heating and smart home controls. We also carry out commercial and domestic alterations and repairs. From decorating to complete...
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By kim_harman on 26th Jul, 2018
Robinson Electrical9 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi, my name's Steve Robinson and I run a small local electrical business called Robinson Electrical. I'm fully qualified member of Stroma, certification insured and have over 12 years experience in domestic wiring. I am hard working, friendly, reliable and finish all jobs to...
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By dans_68 on 6th Sep, 2017
D.Humphrey10 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I'm currently in full time employment working for an electrical contractor, covering all aspects of domestic and commercial electrics. I also have 14 years experience in structured & audio visual cabling & installations, this consists of the installation and testing of...
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By banks_86 on 28th Feb, 2018
Need a tradesman?
Post a job on MyBuilder to find a quality, local tradesperson.
How MyBuilder works
1. Post a job
First, create a job listing for your electrical project. It's quick, easy and free - the first step to finding recommended electricians in BN1, Brighton.
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- Contact:
- email@example.com
- 310-581-5835
News Producer
Darrell Satzman, our former associate producer of Morning Edition, has worked as an interim producer on KCRW's To the Point and Which Way, LA?. He's also done regular freelance work for the Los Angeles Times, and was previously a news writer at KFWB Los Angeles. His news sense, writing abilities and professional demeanor are a great asset to the station.


text: MeterBerry has just updated to version 1.3.11. For anybody who has this app, you can log into your mobihand account on your BB and pick up the upgrade. For those who dont have this app can visit this link MeterBerry - Battery and memory manager. - Personal Productivity Blackberry Software. and pick this up!


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Home Inspection's Top 10 Potential Problems
There could be a lot of problems with your new home. Here are the top 10 potential problems in home inspections as reported by the American Society of Home Inspectors.
- Improper surface grading and drainage. This is the most common problem and is responsible for cracked slabs and water penetration of the basement, footings, or crawlspace.
- Improper and undersized electrical wiring. This would include insufficient electrical service to the house, aluminum wiring, inadequate overload protection, improper grounding and dangerous amateur wiring connections.
- Older and damaged roofs. Asphalt shingle roofs only last about 15 to 20 years. Leakage from the roof from old and or damaged shingles is common and usually an easy fix.
- Deficient and older heating systems. This could include broken controls, blocked chimney ways, dangerous exhaust fumes and cracked heat exchangers.
- Poor overall maintenance. Americans are notorious for taking poor care of their homes letting surfaces become cracked, start peeling, or dirty, crumbling masonry, etc.
- Structural problems. Although not usually serious, damage to structural components such as foundation walls, floor joists, rafters, or window and door headers are common.
- Plumbing problems. Included are old piping materials, faulty fixtures and waste lines and incorrectly strapped hot water heaters.
- Exterior items. Windows, door and wall surface flaws are responsible for air drafts and water penetration.
- Poor ventilation. Often times, homeowners will over-seal their homes in an effort to save energy but will only result in creating excessive indoor moisture.
- Miscellaneous items. Usually various interior items such as sticky windows or dripping faucets.


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Carlie needed a new other design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 30 designs submitted by 12 freelance designers.
pinkcandy is going to be launched later this year and will be an ultimate online fashion jewellery and accessories destination – a one-stop online shopping mecca for all your fashion extras.
from classic basics to stylish statement pieces, pinkcandy manufactures and sources top-quality fashion jewellery and chic accessories from around the globe
pinkcandy's mantra is "quality accessories that are stylish, fashionable and affordable" and with prices ranging from $8 to $100, a little splurge on a sensational piece of jewellery or some hot new season fashion accessories won't blow your budget.
And... your candy tastes even sweeter when you shop from the comfort of your own home and your shiny new treasures are delivered straight to your door. pinkcandy will be an online buisness but to build our brand we need to set up a funky market stall that stands out within the eastern sydney market arena.
fashinable women from 18 - 45, anyone who buys accesories, pearls, silver crystals, jewellery and need wedding bling. men could buy great gifts but i would say that 18-45 is the target age group.
we need a funky market stall design that stands out within the eastern sydney market arena. the eastern sydney markets are a collaboration of local artists selling there unique products in a village style atmosphere. please email me so i can send through the logo and initial design for the website...firstname.lastname@example.com
Our brand already has its logo and style so this will help within the creation. We also have the first design phase of the website created so we want the style of the brand to flow through to the stall.
basically i want a concept design for a stylish accesory boutique that is roughly the size of 1.2M x 2.4M.
i need an entire market stall set up including signage, jewellery displays, backdrop etc..
the pinkcandy stall needs to have boutique feel and offer a fun atmosohere.


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ForeverMap – all cities, all maps, all info, always – all offline.
Download fully interactive maps (OSM) to your device – including all available city maps – for North America (USA, Canada nad Mexico), then use them without requiring an internet connection.
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You always have the choice which countries you want to store on your device. Connect your device to a WiFi network and download the maps you require – as many and as often as you want. You can then use these maps everywhere without having to go online (so-called "Offline Maps"). That avoids frustration in any case and it also saves a lot of money abroad by avoiding roaming charges from your mobile phone provider.
It also enables you to find the optimal balance between the size of the installation and the mapping material of interest to you. Result: More free space for your music, videos, photos, and other apps.
You can also show your current location and routes for pedestrians or cars entirely without an internet connection. ForeverMap also offers searches for addresses and places of interest in the maps that you have installed.
ForeverMap uses the maps from the outstanding OpenStreetMap project (the "Wikipedia of maps"). You can get an impression of the generally astounding quality of the maps at http://www.openstreetmap.org. We will of course update the map data in the app for you on a regular basis without charge.
This makes ForeverMap the ideal companion anywhere at any time, especially when you travel, regardless of whether you are taking a city trip (Citymaps) or a tour including areas outside the cities. You can always get your bearings and never again get lost.
Limit the displayed details of ForeverMap to what interests you with the help of easy-to-set filters. You will also get an intuitive bookmark system and a freely rotatable and zoomable map with a compass, which can be set to orient itself automatically in your direction of travel.
The new IdeaLog function allows you to let us directly know what needs to be improved and what should be included in future updates. You can also rate and comment on suggestions of other users. Come forward and help shaping the future development of ForeverMap.
ForeverMap, the map for all for always, contains:
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Find the latest news on OpenStreetMap and skobbler here:
- Facebook: http://fb.skobbler.com
- Twitter: http://twitter.com/skobbler
- Blog: http://blog.skobbler.com


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qrasy wrote:???
If Vietnam never gained independence, they would have been in Cantonese dialect as Annamese. The fate of Annamese did not have much difference from other Cantonese, except only political controls.
What do you mean? Annamese is not the same as Cantonese. Their language are very different.
I mean the Vietnam is controlled by Vietnamese government and Cantonese is controlled by Bejingese government. Annamese was influenced by other neighboring cultures and french language. Tay Son movement in Vietnam was from the a little bit below the central Vietnam which was different from NOrth Vietnam. Cantonese was influenced by the Tang dynasty and its language was influenced by other neighboring provinces and the NOrth.


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Big cities call for big protection, and Kryptonite's New York Chain delivers with 12mm six-sided chain links made from hardened manganese steel. Wrap this burly lock around your frame worry-free thanks to the durable nylon cover that protects your bike's paint from scratches. Leave with peace of mind knowing the 14mm hardened Max-Performance steel shackle mated to the Evolution Series 4 Disc Lock is on duty. With a double deadbolt design to protect against twist attacks, would-be thieves don't stand a chance. It comes with three stainless steel keys--one of which is lighted for night access!
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Incredibly strong lock. Pros: Opens easily and the length of the chain gives you some options when it comes to locking up to unorthodox objects (trees, columns, etc). Lighted key is cool. Cons: very, VERY heavy. nearly 10 pounds. not a lot of carrying options, but I have figured out a way to wrap it around the headset/top tube of my single speed in a way that doesn't mess with steering. Too heavy to wear around neck or waist, you can put it in a bag if you are carrying one. A bit pricey, but you get what you pay for.
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a robber tried 2 snip it,he had a bad day
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