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Cubase 5.5.2 maintenance update available
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Gov. Jindal wants to increase the 4 percent state sales tax by 75 percent to 7 percent.
Gov. Jindal wants to increase the 4 percent state sales tax by 75 percent to 7 percent.
The only state with a higher sales tax would be California at 7.5 percent. Additionally, Terrebonne residents will pay an additional 5 percent tax, meaning we would pay 12 percent tax on everything we buy.
At the same time, the governor wants to eliminate the $2.58 billion individual income tax and the $340 million corporate tax.
The proposal thus shifts $2.92 billion in taxes to sales taxes. He says this swap would be revenue-neutral. No more or less taxes would be generated.
Therefore, this would do nothing to reduce the looming, large deficit. Presumably, that will be met by more cuts to higher education and health care, like eliminating hospice care to the terminally ill.
So if the swap generates no new money and doesn't reduce the deficit, what is its purpose? Clearly it is to shift the tax burden from those more able to pay it to those less able to pay it.
Consider that a person with an income of, say, a million dollars spends maybe 30 percent of it and invests the rest. Thus he is taxed at the marginal rate of 6 percent on only 30 percent of his income. A family with an income of $30,000, or a retired couple with average Social Security benefits of $1,800 monthly, spends all of it. They are thus taxed on 100 percent of their income. If you increase these families' tax by 75 percent, they have no choice but to cut back their purchases, dealing a heavy blow to the families and to the state's retailers.
Don't be hoodwinked into thinking this would only be a 3 percent increase in taxes. A 3 percentage point increase in a 4 percent tax is a 75 percent hike — 3 divided by 4 is .75.
If you are opposed to this shifting of the tax burden to those least able to pay it, let your state legislators know.
Go to http://legis.la.gov/district/zipcode.asp, enter your address and learn who your representatives and senators are. The site allows you to email or snail mail your representatives to express your opinion.

subset: commoncrawl


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Friday, August 23, 2013
My story about the first experience with beautiful aunties
It was the custom when Aunt Lily visiting our home we can be sure to stay at least 2 nights. Actually I have no admiration for Lily because his aunt at the age of 36 years still looks fresh and plump-bodied white. Approximately 180 cm height with shoulder length hair and face native Java. But as long as he is not so familiar with me and very polite so I was rada awkward to talk to him much less for things that smelled of sex. So I just buried my mad desire to be able to just look at the body beautiful.
At about 1am I woke up because it felt like to pee and I can not stand it anymore, so I went straight to the bathroom with a direct push the bathroom door open, but I was surprised when I saw my aunt Lily was sitting on the toilet being urinating while opening tip negligee underneath, so I could see the thick black pussy hair.
While the position when it was dying because my left hand was put out my dick from my pants, so actually we're both equally vital each look, because I'm shy but I'm straight out the hand was faster than my aunt pulled my hand and said quietly, "It's piss sick as aja rather than arrested, "he said.
Because I'm afraid my aunt so angry I had to pee but my position at that time also turned aunt of shame and fear. After I pee coming out soon say goodbye first. But my aunt nyeletuk ... "ehh why not washed tititnya Dick finished peeing slob you really well,"
"Eehh tante yes sorry I forgot," I said as I quickly grabbed my cock and began to wash scoop cepa-out fast and direct permission. Uuufff it all deh ga frivolous.
The next morning at 7 am I went to school because there are extracurricular Volly. 11am till I just went home. But in the quiet house, but the door was not locked. Suddenly my aunt out of the room.
"Ehh Dickwan coming yes. All plaza due allowance being to ask your sister as a birthday treat your mama. Aunt was going to go but suddenly unwell so void deh follow," said aunt.
"Ooo so my auntie's it going to change first aunt," I said.
Dikamar ga feel so bad I'm afraid to discuss the issue last night aunt in the bathroom then I said how ya ama tante. I think the door has not been done already diketok 2 times from the outside.
"Dick you again what a busy ga? Ttante no need to talk?"
"Ga ga busy aunt really only room for a minute beresin wrote ..."
"Tante allowed in Dick? Have tante kok ga locked door"
Having entered his aunt sat alongside my bed, then asked ... "Dick tante want to ask about last night. Saw what you had last night while in the shower,"
Bener Duuaarrr khan i takutin kerjadi too, I replied while shaking .. "Ga ga kok Dick aunt had seen nothing last night. Khan Dick immediately going out," I said as I keep my head down in shame and fear.
"You do not lie to ya with auntie I'll alert report if you know your mama ga ama tante admit!!
"Yeah auntie ga Dick was serious look okay auntie,"
"Well if you do not want to admit, later laporin tante mama," aunt took up my room and was about to move out.
But I quickly snapped his hand saying, "yes auntie sorry I did was look at but it is not clear why only a moment and really aunt. Dn aunt I am sorry because I did not know if there aunt in the bathroom," I said anyway.
Then my aunt back and sits on originally. "Well since you've admitted the aunt not to report it to your mother, but because you are sloppy then you must be my law!"
"What tante sentence," I said patiently ga.
"Please close and lock your door and gentlemen," he said.
I then quickly back on his feet in front of the lock and aunt .. "Now you go to all your clothes in front of the aunt,"
"Hahh sorry auntie hear what I'm not wrong,"
"KMU now open all your clothes quickly," said the aunt in a firm voice. "Khan embarrassed tante ..."
"Quickly open all your mama or my report," said aunt rather pitch.
Slowly, I opened all the way naked and covered my cock with both hands. But the aunt immediately made me put my hand next to my body. Terpampanglah cock again then sleep because of fear ... aja wear small penis naked shame.
"Dick," said the soft voice.
Then I was told to squat in front of the aunt and the aunt interesting dasternya somewhat above the lower end to the thighs. "Now enter head to crotch aunt without using hands Dick, remember without using hands!!, And you should jilatin all fur aunt and aunt do not stop until told to stop. Faster Dick," Tantek injunction as he pushed my head into the dressing gown.
Once inside dasternya rada aunt could stretch his legs to my head right down her crotch, she said quietly, "Lick my dick all fast,"
Sruup .. sruup sruup I jilatin all until about 5 minutes more felt a little salty and savory mix the more fluid out of the fur aunt, and perhaps because keenakkan position so my aunt lying on the edge of my bed. I'm the more eager I slowly open up my aunt negligee so I can clearly see my aunt bushy pubic hair and no beans of a marble small dark red chewy. I kept jilatin and suck it, but suddenly woke up my aunt pushed me backward and fast-closing back Sepat dasternya have I uncover down to his stomach.
"You insolent yah dick," my aunt said with a slight smile
Aunt suddenly changed his position became menungging standing on the edge of the bed and said, "Now you should go back and aunt negligee you jilatin everything fast," jarnya.
Smiling aunt hid his face the basket. I quickly opened up behind her negligee and beautiful .... ckckck ass aunt. Great all round and solid. White seamless and there are fine hairs like Arab women. Dark red chapped anus and folds perfectly beautiful pussy pinched.
Because it's ga-resistant enjoy it I immediately wanted to lick it all up wet and flat. Not an inch, I miss my aunt buttocks. Anus to the pussy I lick and suck as much to tarnish.
Then my aunt turn round and say, "Dick insert your penis. Faster aunt had ga anymore, .. fast dick"
I immediately put my cock ... bleesp. It turned loose rada probably because he had a great uncle and my cock is only 15 cm when strained. And I immediately pumped back and forth creep ... creep ... cprep ... uuuhh. It feels warm chewy. Aaahh difficult to describe the ecstasy.
"Insert dick dick dianus aunt," said my aunt suddenly.
I unplug and replace I enter into the anus tante. Trnyata difficult because there has not been inserted penis turns. No less sense I took over the kitchen lotionku my study and I give in anus tante taste and I try to enter my cock again. Bleessp ... creep creeep crepp. Rada was the clip and it feels really warm. I quickly genjot continue. And less than 5 minutes I was going to the top
"I came out, tanteeeee," Crooe croot croot crooot .. I keluarin everything in the anus aunt. And I collapsed backward directly. While my aunt my bed face down.
Then my aunt standing. "Thank you keluarin dianus aunt. Aunt If dimemek how Dick?"
"Sorry auntie, Dick not know," I said in a weak voice.
"You've never seen a woman naked Dick?"
I shook my head. Then aunt dasternya attest. He was really naked in front of me. I looked at her with glazed eyes. By mouth is still gaping, aunt pulled my hand. "Let's get a shower," he said.
Before I say anything, I was standing face to face with the aunt. Flipping her aunt. And without noise, I aunt who accompanied the body from the back of the winnowing still chewy. In the bathroom, aunt taught me back. Truly unforgettable experience. Duh!
2 comments:
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Have you considered where you are headed financially in 2014? Too many people take a passive role when it comes to setting financial goals. As Stewards of Providence, it is incumbent on us to look ahead, consider the responsibilities the Lord has entrusted to us, develop a plan that honors the Lord, and manage our responsibilities in a faith-filled manner. Here are tips to help you manage your resources well in 2014.
One of the most important financial steps you can take is to recognize that all you have ultimately belongs to the Lord. He is the Creator of the universe and entrusts us with resources to be used as his Stewards of Providence. This teaching is life-changing. Our focus shifts from a possessive attitude to one of responsible stewardship. This is especially powerful in the context of marriage as husband and wife get away from thinking of things as "his" and "hers," or even "ours." All they have is the Lord's (Dt 10:14).
One aspect of being a faithful steward is living a life of generosity. Financial planners often talk about paying yourself first. I agree with the need to save for future needs. And I agree that this savings should be planned. But the Scriptural principle is to pay the Lord first — from our first fruits (Prov 3:9) — not ourselves. I was recently visiting with a man whose grandparents were farmers. He spoke of how his grandparents used to take the best of their initial crop and give it to the Church. This captures the sense of what our attitude of giving should be.
Putting God first in your finances is probably the best thing you can do for your marriage as well. It's also important to keep the lines of communication open regarding money issues. I recommend "family budget meetings," where husband and wife set aside time periodically to set goals for the future, and monitor progress toward those goals.
Trying to manage your finances without a budget and without tracking your activity through the year is a lot like trying to take a cross-country trip without a map. Part of being a good steward is making responsible decisions with the resources we have. A budget helps accomplish that. Proverbs 27:23 speaks of the importance of assessing where we are financially, when it says, "Know well the condition of your flocks, and give attention to your herds."
When you budget, you begin to tell your money where it should go rather than have it disappear on you. Make sure to factor changing circumstances into your budget, including any impact from the Affordable Care Act. There are many tools available today to help you with such a plan. I recommend Intuit's Quicken program.
If you have unproductive debt, especially credit card debt, one of your immediate goals should be to eliminate it as soon as possible. Proverbs 22:7 tells us that "the borrower is the slave of the lender." To have true financial freedom and the peace that comes with it, you need to be free of unproductive debt.
As part of your overall plan, you'll want to establish savings goals. These goals should focus on meeting appropriate needs. It's important to avoid the attitude of hoarding the Lord warned about in his parable of the rich man (Lk 12:16-21). But saving for future needs such as college and retirement is entirely appropriate, and if you are going to do it effectively, you need to build it into your budget. Using direct deposit is a way to make sure it happens.
God love you!
Phil Lenahan is the president of Veritas Financial Ministries and the author of "7 Steps to Becoming Financially Free" (OSV, $19.95). Submit questions for columns to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Copyright © 1996-2018 Our Sunday Visitor, Inc.


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Officials with the Port of Port St. Joe received some strategically important news from the state on Monday.
Officials with the Port of Port St. Joe received some strategically important news from the state on Monday.
The Florida Department of Transportation announced a three-year extension for the port�s designation as part of the state�s Strategic Intermodal System (SIS), a crucial designation that provides a link to federal and state funding for the port.
The port was named an �emerging SIS� member in 2008, but that designation, which is linked to criteria for goods and people moving through the port, was due to elapse this year.
The Port Authority, armed with a new collaborative agreement signed last year with The St. Joe Company, applied for an extension of the SIS designation, with FDOT District III officials assisting in the application and lobbying the main office in Tallahassee for the extension.
District III Secretary James T. Barfield wrote to port officials on March 11 to officially confirm the Port of Port St. Joe was granted the extension � the FDOT no longer uses the �emerging� designation � through Feb. 25, 2016.
�This is very good news indeed,� said Barry Sellers, director of the Gulf County Economic Development Alliance, Inc.
The designation also includes the waterway connector to the port harbor channel and turning basin to the Gulf Coast shipping channel and the Genesee Wyoming rail connector from the port to the rail corridor.
Providing an echo to words that have been offered during recent regular port meetings, Barfield acknowledges the time required to develop the port.
However, FDOT officials had taken a kinder eye to the Port of Port St. Joe and the SIS designation since the Port Authority and St. Joe entered into a formal agreement to develop the port.
�The Department recognizes that the redevelopment of this area (the port, rail and channel) will take additional time to become operational and meet the minimum criteria thresholds for seaport activity,� Barfield wrote to port director Tommy Pitts.
The importance of maintaining the SIS designation can not be overstated for the future of the port.
The FDOT earmarks 70-75 percent of discretionary funding each year for maintenance and infrastructure improvements � so-called discretionary funding � for members of the SIS. As SIS designees, ports and other transportation hubs are seen by the state as strategic to the flow of goods and people.
With the SIS funding for the shipping channel, Pitts added, the port could find luring state and federal dollars for dredging an easier hurdle to leap.
�This is excellent news,� Pitts said.
The Florida Ports Council, in its annual report on the state�s seaports, also noted the progress being made at the Port of Port St. Joe.
Early in the report, the collaboration agreement between the port and St. Joe Company was noted, the partners �shrewdly marketing their combined properties to broaden the state�s scope of deepwater offerings.�
�While much of the basic infrastructure is in place, there remain many improvement projects that will be required to develop a fully operational port,� the report details under a description of the Port of Port St. Joe.
�The Port Authority and private partner, The St. Joe Company, affirm that any expenditure of funds on project development must be in response to market demands; the marketing effort now underway will help define that demand and the projects to support the identified markets.�
The report notes the Memorandum of Understanding between port and St. Joe and the lease with Eastern Shipbuilding as accomplishments in the prior year and the goals for the coming year include completing the master plan update; attracting appropriate users to bring job creation and economic development; initiating the process for resuming maintenance dredging of the ship channel; and enhancing the rail line that connects the port to the CSX mainline.


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Savor the Christmas season as it has been celebrated among the Celtic people for centuries during A Celtic Christmas, presented by The Celtic Sons, at LSC-Montgomery on December 9.
Celebrate the holidays with a unique and exciting presentation, A Celtic Christmas, by The Celtic Sons, at LSC-Montgomery, on Monday, December 9, at 12 p.m., in the Performing Arts Center (Building D). The community is invited to this free presentation.
The Celtic Sons, a duo featuring Danny O'Flaherty and Noel Nash, will showcase the customs, stories, songs, and distinct yuletide from each of the seven Celtic nations: Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland, The Isle of Man, Galicia, Scotland, and Wales. Their song selections exemplify their understanding of the deep roots of folk music and their respect for the strong traditions of this music genre. Each song is performed with a sincerity that reveals the message—the story behind the song.
A Celtic Christmas is presented as part of LSC-Montgomery's Lyceum Speaker Series, which provides a variety of free presentations throughout the fall and spring semesters based on sociological, historical, economical, political, psychological, and spiritual views. All students, staff, and faculty, as well as community members, are invited to attend any Lyceum event throughout the year.
For more information, visit LoneStar.edu/Lyceum-Montgomery; or contact Dr. Dominic Beggan, associate professor of political science at LSC-Montgomery, at (936) 271-6219, or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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From Conservapedia
For the board game, see Monopoly (board game)
A monopoly (from the Greek words "Mono," meaning "Singular" and "Poly," meaning "plentiful") is a single firm that effectively has no competitors in its market. The monopoly may then charge consumers a price that exceeds its marginal cost, but only in situations where the monopoly good does not have close substitutes. Monopolies producing goods with close substitutes may be monopolies in their own narrow market, but would not be able to enjoy the market power typically associated with monopolies.
In the United States, as a result of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 and subsequent legislation, monopolization is illegal; more specifically,
- While it is not illegal to have a monopoly position in a market, the antitrust laws make it unlawful to maintain or attempt to create a monopoly through tactics that either unreasonably exclude firms from the market or significantly impair their ability to compete.[1]
Monopolies then to thwart wage growth.
See also
- ↑ Maintaining or Creating a Monopoly, U. S. Federal Trade Commission website


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Marbeck Center Facilities
Click the links at the right to learn more about the different facets of Marbeck Center and to meet the people who make it all happen in the building.
In addition to dining services and meeting rooms, Marbeck Center is home to several unique areas of campus including Bob's Place, Klassen Court, and the international flag pole display.
Klassen Court
Klassen Court is the courtyard between Marbeck Center and Founders Hall. The courtyard features the artwork of John Klassen, a faculty member at the college from 1924-58. Some of Klassen's pieces can be found here and in other areas on campus.
International Flag Poles
Lining the walk between Marbeck Center and Sommer Center are ten flag poles which fly the flags of the home countries of many of our students. The flags are rotated throughout the year with the cooperation of the International Connection student group to be sure to display the home flag of each international student. In the fall, the flags of new international students are flown, while graduating students' flags are displayed throughout the spring months.
Bob's Place
Opened in the spring of 2003, Bob's Place is the one gathering area with extended hours to meet student study and recreation schedules. Featuring food, games and entertainment, Bob's Place is the hot spot for students to hang out, study and socialize. It is the premier campus location for a variety of student activities and events. A fireplace, computers, televisions and games are a few of the features of this area.
Bob's Place games include all of the classics, such as pool, table tennis, air hockey, foosball, and the campus favorite carpet ball. Bob's Place also features wi-fi access, allowing student access to the campus computer network from anywhere in the facility including the outdoor plaza. Bob's Place features a full line of grill and snack items. Bob's Place, along with the Loft, is open until 1 a.m. every night during the school year.


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Bai Ling Refuses Medication, Scales a Roof on 'Celebrity Rehab' [VIDEO]
Actress Bai Ling had a potentially dangerous crisis on Sunday's episode of 'Celebrity Rehab With Dr. Drew,' refusing to take her medication, then climbing to the roof of the Pasadena Recovery Center as a way to avoid the staff.
The rehab center's staff seemed unsure of Ling's intentions, and they followed her as she traversed the roof. Dr. Drew Pinsky, in particular, seemed worried that Ling might jump.
The troubled actress reportedly suffers from emotional issues and alcohol dependence stemming from sexual abuse by Chinese army officers.


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Pretend Play
Pretend Play
Sometimes, all kids want is some good old fashioned fun, and you can't go wrong with the George Kids selection of pretend play toys. From playing at being mum or dad with tools, dressing up or role play toys, to preparing something delicious in the mini kitchen, pretend play can keep them engrossed in their own imaginations for hours. Let them create their own little world – there's no-one they can't be! If pretend play toys do not interest them, fear not, George stock a wonderful range of Toys to choose from.
Sorry your search options returned no results
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What in the world should the church be doing as we face a new millennium? Jesus' missionary mandate, which is a preview of the content of Acts, gives us the answer: You will be my witnesses . . . to the ends of the earth (1:8). The entire preface so undergirds and clarifies this command that we are led not only to the conviction that Acts must be viewed from a missionary perspective but to realize that we too must find our places in fulfilling that mandate, which is also a promise.
Luke's review of his gospel stresses comprehensiveness: all that Jesus began to do and to teach (v. 1). It also provides forward-looking continuity with the second volume: presumably Acts will report what Jesus continued to do and teach (as in 2:47; 9:34; 14:3; 16:14; 18:10).
The review focuses on Jesus' postresurrection preparation of the apostles to be authoritative guarantors of the truth of his resurrection and the gospel's content. Luke notes that the risen Lord instructed the apostles whom he had personally chosen through the Holy Spirit (Lk 6:13), thereby emphasizing the authoritative link between the words and work of Jesus and the message and mission of the church.
Jesus qualified the apostles as guarantors of the truth of the resurrection by appearing to them repeatedly over a period of forty days (Acts 1:22; 10:41-42). The many pieces of empirical evidence could lead to no other conclusion than that he was alive.
During his postresurrection appearances, Jesus spoke to the apostles "things pertaining to the kingdom of God." "Kingdom of God" became for Luke a shorthand phrase for the content of the early church's preaching (see 8:12; 19:8; 28:31). And rightly so, for the final reign of God has arrived "in the events of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus, and to proclaim these facts, in their proper setting, is to preach the Gospel of the Kingdom of God" (Dodd 1964:24; Is 33:22; Zech 14:9; Lk 11:20).
The importance of such continuity for Luke's evangelistic purpose and the church's fulfillment of its missionary mandate cannot be overestimated. Here is the proof that a gospel message that claims to go back to the apostles can be trusted: the apostles received it from Jesus. Here too is the clearly articulated basis for belief that the gospel's key salvation event has actually happened. The empirical evidence of the empty tomb and the resurrection appearances point steadily in only one direction: Jesus is alive! We can boldly and unashamedly invite unbelievers to hear our witness and consider the evidence.
Luke's review climaxes with Jesus' command to wait for the Holy Spirit's coming (1:4-5; see also Lk 24:49). Jesus gave this instruction on a number of occasions (not only one, as in the NIV).
Luke understands the Spirit's baptism as occurring at Pentecost. It is a foreshadowing of the end-time deluge of the Spirit and fire (Is 66:15; Ezek 36:25-27; 39:29; Joel 2:28; Acts 2:1-13). "The future encounter with God's Holy Spirit-and-fire will be like an angry sea engulfing and sinking a boat, or like a massive surge of flood water suddenly sweeping down on a man as he attempts to cross the river and overwhelming him. It will be immense, majestic and devastating" (Turner 1981:51). This coming baptism, then, is to be an overwhelming eschatological experience of God's Spirit. It is unique, unrepeatable in church history.
Jesus promises that in a little while God will supply the church with all the resources it needs for fulfilling its missionary mandate. Lloyd Ogilvie observes, "We have been instructed in the things Jesus did, but know too little of what He continues to do today as indwelling Spirit and engendering power" (1983:26). Christians who have not done so need to appropriate the power that is already theirs, all because Jesus' promise was fulfilled at Pentecost.
The disciples' question Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?--which they asked repeatedly (NIV indicates only one asking)--was most natural for Jews to address to the resurrected Messiah.
Central to Old Testament faith was the conviction that God would in the end time fully restore his people to their inheritance in the land, where they would live securely without foreign domination (Jer 16:15; 23:8; 50:19; Hos 11:11; Joel 3:17). In response to Jesus' resurrection or to his teaching about the kingdom (Acts 1:3; also see Lk 22:28-30), the disciples want to know a date. Such a question is selfishly nationalistic and betrays an eagerness for the end of history and an ushering in of God's perfect reign. The disciples had consistently asked such questions throughout Jesus' ministry (Lk 19:11; 21:7).
Jesus' mild rebuke affirms that God alone is qualified to know such things, since by means of his own authority he has established the times or dates, the stages and critical events through which humankind must pass until the kingdom comes (compare Acts 17:26).
Acts 1:8 sets out clearly what the church is to be doing until Jesus returns. Through a command-promise, Jesus tells his disciples of the resources, content and scope of their primary task. The essential resource is God the Holy Spirit, who will come on them at Pentecost as he did on Mary at the incarnation (Lk 1:35). By this Spirit-baptism they will receive the supernatural ability to work miracles and preach effectively (Acts 4:7-10, 31, 33; 6:5, 8; 8:13). Their witness will be bold and will produce conviction leading to positive or negative decisions (2:37, 41; 4:8, 13, 31; 6:5, 10; 7:54-58).
The whole church, and each member of it, must take up this task. All who receive the apostles' teaching become witnesses (14:2-3; 22:15-18, 20). Richard Longenecker rightly concludes, "This commission lays an obligation on all Christians. . . . The Christian church, according to Acts, is a missionary church that responds obediently to Jesus' commission" (1981:256).
The mandate, expressed with a future-tense verb (will be), can be taken as both a command and a prophetic promise. Luke may well have intended that it be understood in both ways. Not only does he show the church obediently carrying out this mandate (2:47; 4:31, 33; 6:4, 7; 8:4; 11:19-20), but he also shows how God intervenes at strategic points to give impetus and direction for taking the mission across another cultural threshold or into a another geographical region (8:16-17, 26, 29; 10:9-16, 19-20; 11:20-21; 13:2; 16:9-10; 18:9-10; 23:11). God in his grace makes sure the mandate is completely fulfilled.
And so today the call for the church to be a missionary church is still in force. In 1974, at the first Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization, a gracious God refocused the churches' attention on the world's hidden people groups who have yet to hear the witness.
Jesus says to be his witnesses. To be a witness (martys) is to speak from personal knowledge of facts and their significance. The apostles, as eyewitnesses of the saving events, were witnesses in a unique sense. But all those who will believe and appropriate the truth of their testimony also qualify as witnesses.
The scope of the task is given in geographical terms. Acts presents the evangelization of the first two geographical regions (Jerusalem, 2:42--8:3; Judea and Samaria, 8:4--12:25). Luke probably has no particular place in mind when he uses the phrase to the ends of the earth. He is thinking of a mission that will reach throughout the whole earth in fulfillment of Isaiah 49:6 (Acts 13:47). Since the narrative concludes geographically in Rome--the empire's center, from which roads reach to the limits of the then-known world--the mission is potentially complete but actually remains unfinished.
When the scope of the task is viewed ethnically, however, we realize that by the time of the Jerusalem Council (15:1-35) "the gospel has already reached all possible manner of men" (Menoud 1978b:123). The gospel has been extended to Palestinian and Hellenistic Jews (2:5-13), Samaritans (8:4-13), a proselyte (8:26-40), a Gentile God-fearer (10:1-48) and pagan Gentiles (11:20-21; 13:46-48; 14:8-20).
Today the unfinished task remains a formidable challenge. But it is possible to complete the task--to take the witness to the ends of the earth and plant a church in each unreached ethnic group. For the 1989 Lausanne II Congress on World Evangelization in Manila, David Barrett calculated that there remain twelve thousand distinct cultural groups (1.8 billion persons) that have no church in their language and culture (Lausanne Committee 1989:13-14).
Among the 1.7 billion professing Christians in the world, we should be able to find 180 million true believers. They could serve as a more than adequate support base (fifteen thousand believers per unreached people group) to field a missionary force to penetrate each of the unreached groups. With such mobilization, each unreached people group could be evangelized in the foreseeable future.
There is a way. Where is the will? Current recruitment and deployment of missionaries falls far short. Currently only thirty thousand full-time Christian workers are at work among the 1.8 billion members of the twelve thousand unreached groups. Will the vision be caught, the momentum generated, so that in obedience to Christ the last great push to the ends of the earth will take place?
Immediately after Jesus gives this command, as the disciples are watching, he is taken up from the earth, and a cloud so envelopes him that the disciples can no longer see him. The cloud probably refers to the Shekinah glory, which at once manifests and hides the divine presence (Ex 19:16; 40:34). It may also point to Christ's return (Dan 7:13; Lk 21:27; Acts 1:11).
The disciples stand in awe, looking intently up into the sky for an extended period. Luke will use the verb "to look intently" often in Acts in connection with the miraculous (3:4, 12; 6:15; 10:4; 11:6; 13:9; 14:9).
Suddenly two angels appear--two witnesses (Deut 19:15)--to interpret God's mighty act in Jesus' ascension. Their gentle rebuke to the sky-gazing disciples implies that in the interim there is a task to be done: fulfillment of the missionary mandate.
The angels describe in simple terms what has just happened: Jesus has been taken up into heaven. The implications are unmistakable. Jesus will no longer be with the disciples in the way he was with them during his earthly ministry or in postresurrection appearances. In heaven Jesus is in a position of authority, at the Father's right hand, whence he can pour out salvation blessings as by his Spirit he directs and empowers the church's mission (Acts 2:33; 4:10-12; 5:30-31). The angels conclude with an affirmation of the certainty of Christ's return. He will come in the same way that he has gone.
The fact that the Great Commission is the last instruction of the risen, now ascended and imminently returning Lord gives it great weight. He is not mentioning an optional ministry activity for individuals with crosscultural interests and churches with surplus funds. The Great Commission is the primary task the Lord left his church. The church must always be a missionary church; the Christian must always be a world Christian.
Previous commentary:
Preparation for Pentecost
Next commentary:
Waiting for the Spirit: The Election of Matthias
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There's no way around it, buttons are magical. They are both commonplace and remarkable, functional and decorative. Did you know that, even though buttons appear as far back as 2000 BC, the buttonhole did not appear until the thirteenth century? Before that, they were solely for show. They've been made of wood and metal, plastic and bone, rubber and mother of pearl.
And I love each and every one of them! From vintage to modern, outrageous to simple, button collecting has become one of my favorite creative addictions. Sorting through bins of buttons at a flea market, and discovering the ones that I cannot live without, is truly one of my greatest sources of inspiration. So much so that, a few years ago, I decided to share my button passion via a book, Button Ware. In it we provided over thirty different projects that transformed buttons into all manners of jewelry–bracelets, necklaces, pendants and more. One of those projects I'd like to share with you today – making button rings. They are wonderful accessories…and so incredibly easy to make.
Rather than drawing diagrams for something this simple, I've produced a short, simple video on the making of button rings. Head over to the "Learning" section here and take a look.
Two things to remember when you start this project. First, finding the right mix of buttons is key. Mix and match vintage with new, patterned with solids. As I mentioned before, you can always find buttons at flea markets, in your grandmother's attic and the like.
Lastly, if you're looking for a creative boost to get started, you can always start with our Button Ware book and use buttons from our partner, JHB. For years, JHB has been making some of the most creative and stylish buttons you will find anywhere. While they only sell to wholesale accounts on their Web site, they do provide a link to retailers that carry their buttons. You can see that list here.
Making button jewelry is a wonderfully simple way to both recycle vintage goods into something stylish and engage your creativity. Once you get started, I'm sure we'll be seeing each other over a bin of buttons one of these days.
- – -
For my BurdaStyle readers only, I'm giving away a copy of my book, Button Ware. Tell me about some of the more remarkable one's you've found…or about your favorite one…or about something you've made using vintage or unique buttons…and you could be the winner of the book. Please leave your comments by 9:30 am EST on Wednesday, February 23rd to be eligible to win!
Amy Barickman is the founder and owner of Indygo Junction, The Vintage Workshop and AmyBarckman.com. She is a leader in the sewing, needle arts and retail crafting industry having sold more than two-million sewing patterns and published 80 books sold throughout the world. Her recent endeavor is the book "Amy Barickman's Vintage Notions: An Inspirational Guide to Needlework, Cooking, Sewing, Fashion and Fun", is already on its third printing since its release in September of 2010. Other best-selling titles include: "Indygo Junction's Button Ware" and, most recently, "Hankie Style".


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آسیب شناسی . مقاله انگلیسی [آسیب شناسی , ]
Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science
Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES: Treatment and Rehabilitation
Mervyn J. CrossNorth Sydney Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine CentreSydney, NSW 2065Australia
Cross, M.J. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries: treatment and rehabilitation. In: Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine and Science, T.D.Fahey (Editor). Internet Society for Sport Science:.
Over the past decade, there has been an increase in interest and participation in sports. Concomitant with this, there has been an increase in sports related injuries, particularly to the lower limbs. Of specifically ligamentous injuries to the knee, rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) has been the commonest, and has the greatest potential to cause both short term and long term disability.
Functional Anatomy
The ACL is a broad ligament joining the anterior tibial plateau to the posterior femoral intercondylar notch. The tibial attachment is to a facet, in front of, and lateral to the anterior tibial spine. The femoral attachment is high on the posterior aspect of the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch.
It is composed of multiple non-parallel fibers, which, though not anatomically separate, act as three functionally distinct bundles i.e. anteromedial, posterolateral and intermediate. Owing to their wide attachments, variable fiber lengths and the rotation of the ACL that accompanies flexion, the tension in each bundle varies throughout the range of motion.
The biomechanical function of the ACL is complex for it provides both mechanical stability and proprioceptive feedback to the knee. In its stabilizing role it has four (main) functions:
This final role is the main clinical function of the ACL. ACL deficiency causes failure of this screw-home mechanism, resulting in subluxation of the tibia on the femur. This critical function in the range of 0 - 30° is important for movements such a side-stepping and pivoting.
Rationale for Treatment
Rupture of the ACL causes significant short term and long term disability. With each episode of ACL instability there is subluxation of the tibia on the femur, causing stretching of the enveloping capsular ligaments and abnormal shear forces on the menisci and on the articular cartilage. Delay in diagnosis and treatment gives rise to increased intra-articular damage as well as stretching of the secondary stabilizing capsular structures.
Evidence to support this has been documented by research undertaken in my practice over the past 15 years. In 1976 I studied the relationship of anterior cruciate ligament rupture to meniscal pathology in three groups of patients. The first group comprised 100 consecutive patients who had a primary diagnosis of medial meniscal tear. At surgery 40% of these patients had a ruptured ACL. The next group comprised 100 patients who were operated on primarily for a diagnosis of a lateral meniscal tear. At surgery 60% had a ruptured ACL. The final groups comprised 100 consecutive patients who had tears in both menisci at arthroscopy. It was fascinating that 95% of these patients had a ruptured ACL.
Since that time, a number of authors have supported this view that a significant function of the ACL is to protect the menisci and if the ACL is ruptured then meniscal damage will occur.
The long-term outlook for an ACL deficient knee is for the development of significant osteoarthrosis. Evidence to support this view has also been documented in my practice. A series of 100 consecutive total knee replacements demonstrated a 15% incidence of previous ACL rupture. This incidence of ACL rupture is five times higher than that in the general population. Thus it is important to make an early diagnosis of ACL rupture Meniscal injury and long term degenerative damage is to be minimized.
Causes of ACL Rupture
The most common cause of ACL rupture is a traumatic force being applied to the knee in a twisting moment. This can occur with either a direct or an indirect force. In my practice, about half of the cases of ACL rupture occur without contact, i.e., while side-stepping, pivoting or landing from a jump. The other half are associated with some type of contact, whether it be on the football field, on the snow fields or in a motor vehicle accident. Skiing injuries usually occur during a fall in the inexperienced skier, on hired skis when the bindings do not release.
The question arises as to whether there is a predisposition in some people to ACL rupture. I have a significant number of patients who have sustained bilateral ACL tears. These patients comprise approximately 15% of the total number of patients sustaining rupture of their ACL. I also have a series of patients in my practice where ACL rupture appears to be familial. I have a number of families where up to four members have ruptured their ACL's. Furthermore, I have recorded two cases of ACL rupture in twins.
Another group of patients, I believe, have agenesis of the ACL. In some cases, when I have explored the knee within 3 to 4 days of their injury, there is minimal ACL tissue present in the notch. It has been well documented that patients with narrow intercondylar notches are more prone to rupture their ACL's. I believe that their notch is narrow because they have a hypoplastic ACL and hence are more prone to rupture.
Another interesting factor is that patients with recurvatum tend to be more likely to rupture their ACL and are more difficult to treat. I have also noticed a significant number of patients having ruptured their ACL who also have instability of the shoulder. I believe both these groups have a generalized ligamentous disorder.
The classic story of a patient cutting, side-stepping or landing from a jump, and the knee giving way, followed by immediate pain and swelling should alert the diagnostician to the most likely diagnosis of ACL rupture. In my practice a "snap" or "pop" was noted by 60% of the patients. Rapid intra-articular swelling following injury is nearly always due to hemarthrosis. An ACL rupture is present in 75% of patients presenting with an acute hemarthrosis and is due to bleeding from vessels within the torn ligament. Differential diagnoses include osteochondral fracture, peripheral meniscal tear, retinacular tear associated with patella dislocation or subluxation, PCL tear or bleeding disorders.
The diagnosis of ACL tear can be confirmed by three tests: the Lachman test, the dynamic extension test, and the Pivot Jerk test. While the Lachman test and dynamic extension test are helpful in making a diagnosis, particularly in the acute injury, the lateral-pivot jerk test is the most important
The lateral pivot jerk test reproduces the rotatory subluxation that occurs in ACL deficiency. The test is difficult to perform and takes residents and fellows in my practice approximately three months of intensive training to be able to adequately perform the jerk test in the unanaesthetised patient. The test is important because the demonstration of the lateral pivot jerk is the replication of the instability that the patient has.
Some authors consider the Lachman test to be the chief confirmation of rupture of the ACL. I do not agree, as a negative Lachman test may be misleading. The ACL commonly heals onto the posterior cruciate ligament producing a falsely negative Lachman test with a fairly firm end point. These patients, however, may still have a positive lateral pivot jerk and clinical instability.
Management of the Ruptured ACL
Once the diagnosis of ruptured ACL is made, management can be divided into conservative and surgical. Correct choice of treatment depends on assessment of three patient factors:
A small percentage of the population, perhaps 15%, can survive happily with a ruptured ACL, so a patient profile is important in assessing the indications for surgery. The child, the adolescent, the young adult, the middle aged, and the elderly, represent different surgical problems. Functional disability may vary from an undiagnosed asymptomatic rupture, to the patient whose knee gives way on a daily basis. I believe these differences are due to variations in proprioception muscle control about the knee. Functional requirements vary from sedentary patients with low activity requirements, through those patients with an active social sporting life or physically demanding work, to the elite athlete whose fame and fortune depends upon a highly functional knee.
Rupture of the ACL in the child or the elderly is rare and comprises of less than 5% of all ruptured ACLs I see and are usually treated conservatively.
Rupture in the adolescent is not uncommon and presents its own problems because of skeletal immaturity. Most isometric reconstructions place the growth plate at risk so I attempt to treat most of these patients with a conservative program, with proprioceptive rehabilitation and the avoidance of side stepping sports. Reconstruction is delayed to skeletal maturity. However, in elite adolescent athletes with an acute rupture, I believe it is possible to repair their ligament early and to supplement this with a semitendonosis and gracilis reconstruction. It is possible to achieve this acute repair and augmentation while avoiding the growth late by performing the surgery within the epiphyses.
The vast majority of patients, however, fall into the young adult and middle aged groups. Males are more frequently seen than females, though this pattern is reversed in skiers where a disproportionate number of female skiers are injured.
The overall type of patient that one sees can be divided into those who definitely need or demand surgery, those who do not want nor warrant surgery, and those patients who require counseling about life style, functional requirements and the expectations of surgery. On one hand there are patients who are not very active, who are not sports minded and who, perhaps, ruptured their ACL on their first skiing holiday. These patients can be recommended a conservative approach.
At the other end of the scale is the athlete at the height of their career who depends on side-stepping activities for their continued economic well-being. The diagnosis having been made, there is little doubt that they should be recommended for early surgery and will be fit to resume full activities within six months. Not everyone is in agreement with this approach, as some athletes feel they would like to try conservative therapy first followed by reconstruction later if necessary. In many sports this may mean that a patient may miss two seasons of professional sport and they may only have 6 or 7 years at the top of their sport. This could therefore account for something like 30% of their playing life whereas if they are operated on urgently they can be back, after rehabilitation, in six months, and therefore only miss one season.
Between these two groups are those people who are keen to participate in community sports such as football, tennis and skiing. With these patients one needs to sit down and discuss the techniques and complications of the procedure, including the costs of the procedure and rehabilitation, the complications and morbidity of the technique, the time and commitment required in the rehabilitation phase and the expected results.
A further group requiring special consideration are those patients who present with a chronic ACL rupture with significant osteoarthrosis. They usually present with medial compartment osteoarthrosis following medial meniscectomy and an untreated ACL tear. It is important in these patients to determine and treat their chief complaint. An ACL reconstruction will stabilize the knee but will not result in significant improvement in the arthritic ache. Moreover, as the arthrosis progresses, capsular inflammation will result in significant stiffening of the knee, reducing the clinical instability.
Those patients who present with a chief complaint of arthritic medial compartment ache are best treated by a high tibial osteotomy. Those patients who present with instability as their primary problem will benefit from an ACL reconstruction accompanied with advice that the reconstruction will not significantly improve the medial compartment pain. Those patients who present with both significant instability and pain will benefit from a combined ACL reconstruction followed by high tibial osteotomy.
Surgical Techniques
The development of surgery for ACL instability has been proceeding over the last century. Techniques at the turn of the 20th Century used autograft semitendinosus and gracilis with variable results. Xenografts were employed in Germany in 1912, using Kangaroo tail tendon for ACL substitution. However, results were poor due to problems with infection and graft rejection.
It was not until the 1950's when Don O'Donoghue began to aggressively treat knee ligament injuries in American footballers, that a renewed interest in ACL surgery began. Don Slocum from Eugene, Oregon invented the pes plasty in association Bob Larson. This operation was a dynamic tendon transfer attempting to prevent the anterior draw by dynamic muscle contraction. This operation enabled many athletes to return to the sporting arena and I believe that its main function was that it enhanced the proprioceptive control of the knee joint.
With the advent of arthroscopy came renewed research into the anatomy and biomechanics of the normal and injured knee joint. Early anatomical studies finding damage to the lateral capsular ligaments at the time of ACL rupture, caused many of the operative procedures to be aimed at repairing the capsule. Dr. Jack Hughston from Columbus, Georgia, drew the world's attention to the significant of capsular lesions causing knee joint instability.
Following the failure of repair techniques to ensure stability, focus became centered on substitution-type intra-articular reconstructions. Various graft materials have been tried including autograft, allograft, xenograft and artificial ligaments.
Many centers in the world are using allograft patella or Achilles tendon, or allograft anterior cruciate transfers. I have been unhappy to use these techniques, as a rule, because of concerns about sterility and the possible transmission of viruses. In the past, xenografts have been tried and have failed due to infection and failure to be incorporated.
Artificial ligaments made of fibres such as Dacron or Gortex have also been tried with mixed success. There is an unacceptable failure rate within two years due to either mechanical failure or inflammatory synovitis secondary to breakdown products shed for the graft.
A ligament augmentation device (LAD, invented by Kennedy in London) has also been widely used. Most studies, however, have not demonstrated that the use of the LAD has any significant advantage over the patella tendon transfer alone.
The use of autograft reconstructions have so far shown the best long term results. The two most common techniques use either the semitendonosis and gracilis, or the middle third of the patella tendon.
Currently, my preferred surgical technique for the routine case, is one using an isolated mid-third patella tendon graft placed, and secured arthroscopically. This technique has many advantages over the previous types of surgery. The procedure is relatively non-invasive requiring only small incisions. The graft can be placed accurately at the isometric points and the fixation of the bone blocks within the femur and tibia with the interference fit screw technique is very secure. This allows early motion and rehabilitation. There is a low perioperative morbidity and a rapid return to the activities of daily living and employment.
I personally believe that the operation should be performed in the first week following injury when advantage can be taken of the second phase healing factors. Many authors disagree with this approach, stating that there is an increased rate of arthrofibrosis. It is this second phase healing that causes arthrofibrosis, and I feel that with excellent fixation of the graft and accelerated rehabilitation, this arthrofibrosis factor can be utilized to an advantageous effect towards the graft revascularization and regeneration. It is my practice therefore, to recommend operation within the first week to ten days following injury.
Anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation has undergone considerable changes over the past decade. Intensive research into the biomechanics of the injured and the operated knee have led to a movement away from the techniques of the early 1980's characterized by post operative casting and delayed rehabilitation, to the current early rehabilitation program.
The major goals of rehabilitation following ACL surgery are:
These have required the development of an intensive rehabilitation program in which the patient has to take an active involvement.
The graft undergoes physiological changes during its incorporation, as fibroblastic activity changes the biology of the graft to become more ligamentous. The graft is weakest between six and twelve weeks post operatively so programs must be designed to protect the graft during this period. On the other hand investigations into ligamentous healing have shown that progressive controlled loading provides a stimulus for healing which improves the quality of graft incorporation. More over, early immobilization has advantages such as maintenance of articular cartilage nutrition and retention of bone mineralization.
Kinematic research has shown quadriceps contraction causes greatest strain on the anterior cruciate ligament graft between 10° and 45° of flexion. The anterior cruciate ligament graft lacks the normal mechanoreceptors that provide biofeedback in the uninjured knee. All these factors must be taken into account when designing rehabilitation programs.
Our current accelerated rehabilitation program is divided into four phases. In the first one to two weeks the aims of therapy are to decrease pain and swelling, and increase the range of motion of the knee. A post-operative brace is ranged from 30 to 90° and is used until there is adequate quadriceps control. Physiotherapy including CPM is used immediately post operatively. In this early phase there is an emphasis on static contraction of the hamstrings and co-contractions of the hamstrings and the quadriceps. Crutch -walking with partial weight bearing is allowed and the usual modalities are used to reduce pain and swelling.
During the second phase, from two to six weeks, the emphasis is on increasing the range of motion, increasing weight bearing and gaining hamstring and quadriceps control. The patient is usually out of the brace by the third to fourth week. During this phase gait re-education and static proprioception exercises commence. This may include balancing on the affected leg, biofeedback techniques and pool work to maintain conditioning and range of motion.
During the third stage, from six to twelve weeks, emphasis is placed on improved muscular control, proprioception and general muscular strengthening. Proprioceptive work progresses from static to dynamic techniques including balance exercises on the wobble board and eventually jogging on a mini-tramp. The patient should have a full range of motion during this stage and gentle resistance work should be added. By the end of this period the patient should be able to cycle normally, swim with a straight leg kick and be able to jog freely on the mini-tramp.
The fourth phase of rehabilitation from twelve weeks to six months involves the gradual re-introduction of sports specific exercises aimed at improving agility and reaction times and increasing total leg strength.
An elite athlete who has had a technically well performed early reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament followed by an adequate and successful rehabilitation program, should be able to return to the field of his chosen sport between six and nine months. This has been achieved in many Australian, Olympic and professional athletes.
I would like to thank Dr. Bruce Caldwell for his support with the editing and reading of this text.
References (incomplete)
Hughston, J.C. Knee Ligaments - Injury and Repair, 1993.
O'Donohue, D.H. Treatment of Injuries to Athletes (4th Edition), 1984.
Cross, M.J. & Crichton, K.J. Clinical Examination of the Injured Knee, 1987.
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If you are interested in using this image, please consult Acknowledging the Website.
This record was last updated on 10 Aug 2011
Image Reference
James Hakewill, A Picturesque Tour of the Island of Jamaica, from Drawings Made in the Years 1820 and 1821 (London, 1825; reprinted, Kingston, Jamaica and San Francisco, 1990), plate 8. (Copy in Archives and Special Collections, Univ. of Miami Library)
Seaside sugar plantation. Shows the plantation yard and sugar works, as well as the slave settlement and houses; also, a group of field slaves apparently returning from work and a white supervisor on horseback. Hakewill was a British architectural and topographical draftsman. Several of his works are shown elsewhere on this website, and others relating to Jamaica can be found in T. Barringer, G. Forrester, and B. Martinez-Ruiz, Art and Emancipation in Jamaica: Isaac Mendes Belisario and his Worlds (New Haven : Yale Center for British Art in association with Yale University Press, 2007), passim.


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Career Training and development survey questions and sample questionnaire template to evaluate various aspects of an employee's training and career development within the organization. These example questions include evaluation of the quality of training, process, rewards, visibility to senior management etc. Use this free survey template and uncover hidden strengths and weaknesses in your organization.
Job satisfaction... what can be done to improve
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Company communication survey questions to evaluate how effectively a company communicates with its employees. This sample employee communication questionnaire template evaluates how clearly are employees communicated with important organizational goals, plans, progress etc. Use this free survey template and evaluate your internal company communication with employees.
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Leadership evaluation survey questions for employees to answer in a questionnaire. These sample questions cover critical metrics of leadership evaluation such as team motivation, organizational skills, analytical capacity, understanding of the larger organizational map and goals of the business etc.
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Employee engagement survey questions that enables you to test and measure the level of organizational employee engagement and motivation. Use this template to accurately understand if your workplace policies are on-track in creating a winning work culture.


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By Fred Matheny
We shouldn't feel excessive admiration for pro racers who log 600-mile weeks. They have plenty of time to ride and recover — that's their job. The real heroes are people like you, who find time to ride while still having a life away from the bike.
Full-time work, family commitments and cycling can be efficiently interwoven into your busy day. All it takes to schedule everything into 24 hours is maximum use of time-budgeting techniques.
Here's where to look for time slots that can accommodate your love for riding:
Riding your bike to work or school and back may be the best way to create cycling time.
When you commute by bike, time normally spent sitting in a car is used productively as part of the training day. An eight-mile ride to work or school takes about 30 minutes each way. Even if you do no other riding, that's still an hour of cycling each weekday. The trip home can be lengthened as much as time, daylight and energy allow.
Commuting Logistics
Use a small backpack to carry clothes, lunch and papers. A waist strap helps eliminate swaying and bouncing as you ride.
Keep a pair of shoes at work so you don't have their weight and sharp edges in the pack. Take the week's clothes to work on Monday morning and shuttle them home Friday afternoon, or whatever arrangement fits your situation.
Clean up in the restroom with a lightly soaped washcloth. Meanwhile, get coworkers interested in commuting and lobby your boss to install a shower.
Dress in your office if it has a door. If not, use the restroom or a storage room.
Play on the way home. Scout out a longer route and ride for an hour or more as time and commitments allow. Do intervals, time trials, or hit the hills hard to get a great workout while you're homeward bound.
If commuting simply won't work for you, here are two popular options:Early Bird Special
Evening Rides
If your schedule prohibits riding most of the day, try from 9 to 10 or 10:30 p.m. For most people, the kids are in bed, the chores around the house complete, and you're probably wasting time watching TV.
To make this work, eat a moderate dinner at 6 or 7 p.m., allowing the food to digest by riding time. As an additional benefit this provides motivation not to overeat.
Riding in the dark used to be dangerous because lights were poor. You couldn't see road hazards clearly, and motorists couldn't see you. Modern lighting systems make night riding safer, but it's still smart to use lighted parks or suburban streets if they're available.


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Sheriff Rick- Brikguy0410
"Join us," Sheriff Rick calls out to the Indian skeletons, "and you will get new lands on the Indian reservation."
The Indian skeletons are convinced and attack the peach giant, although they fail to do anything.
Rick then drives halfway towards the cultists and shadow skeletons.
Johnny shoots the zombie, but just grazes him.
He then bashes the zombie's head.
Using the skills his father taught him, he puts the door back on its hinges.
Lana-Zahru II
Lana grabs the end of the skull flail and tries to pull it out of the peach giant's hand, but is unsuccessful.
Timmy- Motorhead Fan
Timmy tries to bash a zombie, but the keg flies out of his hands and through the window. Oops!
Glenn- Zupponn
Glenn tries to fix his guitar, but breaks it beyond repair.
The armored skeleton tries to attack another skeleton, but the other skeleton takes his axe.
Eric- Lawmaster
Eric shoots the peach giant, injuring him.
Sarah- Scratch
After giving her broom to Timmy, Sarah grabs the disembodied head in a jar and runs into the living room.
Susie runs out and attacks the peach giant with her claws, but fails to kill it.
Forces of Darkness-NPC
One skeleton destroys the armored skeleton while another trips.
A skeleton tries climbing through the window, but is dispatched by Timmy.
The skeleton bangs uselessly on the door.
This skeleton climbs through the window and falls over on the floor.
This skeleton attacks Timmy, who survives.
The cultist tries to use an incantation to get Rick's tires to stick to the road, but it backfires and the skeletons are now stuck instead.
The peach giant tries to backhand Susie, but misses and opens himself up to a counterattack. Susie uses this opening to kill him.
A pair of witches fly through the trees.
Some ghosts materialize in the corner.
Send in orders for turn 5!


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As I mentioned in an earlier post, JD and I are headed to *Disney Aulani on Monday! Here's what I'm taking in MY carry-on.
1. JD's emergency Asthma inhaler with a child spacer mask for easy administration + Benedryl (I bring Benedryl everywhere—you never know!)
2. Snacks: Baby carrots, apples, sour dough pretzels. (JD told me he's packing his own snacks!)
3. My camera (I'm documenting the entire trip! So stay tuned!) JD was 1.5 (aww!) when he took his first flight to sunny California. He got wings and met the pilot. Naturally.
4. The book I've been trying to read for months (but have no time): The Year of Magical Thinking (I will have time on our non-stop flight home. Dear Lord!)
5. Music (it's stored in my phone)
6. Travel size Evian spray (I hate airplane air!)
7. Antibacterial wipes
8. Dramamine (sometimes I get air sick) + pain reliever
9. Bathing suit & flip flops for JD and me (the hotel in LA has a pool and you know, luggage lags!)
10. Gum! (I'll be chomping away as my ear clog and pop survival regime.)
Tune in tomorrow to see what JD is packing in his Cars 2 backpack carry-on. Prob 1,045 cars.
What do you pack in your carry-on?
Full disclosure: Zappos.com gifted me this LeSportsac Medium Travel Tote. They have tons more! Disney Aulani is a press trip where some fees are covered by Disney.


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Here are links to the OS News reviews:
Hardware and PerformanceAs lightweight distros, all four products provide excellent performance on any Pentium IV or better with at least 512M of memory. This makes them great candidates for reviving any old PC you may have lying around the house. Why not make use of that old laptop?
Even if you have only 256M, VectorLinux and Puppy run fine. Puppy runs entirely from memory by default on any computer with least 256M. It releases the CD/DVD for your use even if you booted from it. Damn Small Linux requires even less resources. Detailed specs are in the chart at the end of this article.
On the other end of the hardware spectrum, what about 64 bit systems? The Lubuntu project is furthest along. They've offered 64 bit versions ever since their release of 10.04 over two years ago. VectorLinux is beta testing its first 64 bit version right now. Vector will likely roll out the various editions they support in 64 bit throughout the year.
Puppy Linux has several official releases and many unofficial "puplets" or special builds. The official releases are all 32 bit but 64 bit puplets like FatDog and Lighthouse are available. Damn Small Linux is no longer an active project. It will have no 64 bit version.
Puppy and VectorLinux both bundle all the
apps needed for typical desktops. They are easy to use. Both used to
offer their own middling-sized repositories for
downloading additional software, but that's all changed now.
Puppy Version 5 "Lucid" uses Ubuntu's huge repositories, while the "Slacko" build uses the Slackware repositories. Puppy includes dependency-checking when using these software libraries.
Similarly, VectorLinux 7 boasts a newly-expanded repository that now claims one thousand packages. You can also use Slackware's big repositories with VL, but you don't get dependency checking if you do.
Lubuntu's bundled apps are roughly equivalent to those offered by Puppy and Vector. Lubuntu directly accesses the Ubuntu repositories with their 11,000+ apps.
Damn Small Linux is a much smaller distro than the others. It weighs in as only a 50M download. While DSL bundles a full range of apps, they were selected for their small size, rather than for functionality or ease of use. The apps are pretty geeky. And they show their age, since the final release of this distro was in 2008. DSL uses its own repository for software downloads called myDSL.
Support & Documentation
Puppy Linux and VectorLinux have active, friendly forums. I've used
both for over five years and have never had a single question that
wasn't answered. Puppy Linux has a ton of documentation, though it's a
bit disorganized and not always clear to which release any particular
document applies. Vector's documentation is less voluminous but it is
better organized and clearly labelled. Vector is the only distro that
offers a paid support
How you judge Lubuntu's support and documentation depends on whether
you view the product as part of the Ubuntu family or as independent.
For example, Lubuntu users tap the huge, very active Ubuntu forum, where they tag their
questions as pertaining to Lubuntu. Lubuntu doesn't have its own
independent forum. Similarly, the Lubuntu doc is sparse though expanding
rapidly. Of course, users can rely on the tons of material available
for Ubuntu.
Which are Suitable for End Users?
End users easily and productively use Puppy and VectorLinux. Both
distros should be installed and configured by an experienced person
Lubuntu is also very user-friendly. Some argue that end users can install and configure it, but I believe it's similar to Puppy and Vector -- users will love the system, but it's preferable that an experienced hand installs and configures it for them first.
Damn Small Linux has a primitive GUI and the geekiest apps because it runs on very minimal hardware. It's a fun hobbyist tool but I would not recommend it for end users.
The graphical user interface of a distro partially determines its ease of use and configurability. Here are the install defaults:
|Default GUI:
|VectorLinux 7.0 Standard Edition
|VectorLinux 7.0 Light Edition
(you choose when installing)
|Puppy Linux
|Damn Small Linux 4.4.10
Which Run on Old Computers?All four of these products run great on Pentium IV's with 512M. Beyond that ...
Puppy Linux 5 includes a "retro release" called Wary, specifically designed for older hardware with an older kernel. Wary runs on topped out P-II's or better. It is a good choice for aging hardware because it has a large active community actually using old machines.
VectorLinux has been around since 1999, so older versions support older hardware. For Version 7 I'd recommend a P-III or better.
Lubuntu's first independent release dates from late 2009. It's a poor bet for old hardware simply because the product post-dates that era. Pentium IV's or better are recommended, preferably with at least 384M to 512M of memory.
Damn Small Linux is frozen in time. Its final release dates from 2008. DSL still runs the 2.4 kernel and it includes the SYSLINUX bootloader for machines that won't boot ISOLINUX. DSL is your best bet if you're playing around with a really old computer like a P-II, P-I, P-I MMX, Pentium Pro, or 486.
When to Use Each DistroLet's wrap up with a few recommendations.
Puppy Linux and VectorLinux have very low system requirements and run on P-III's or better. Both give you a full selection of bundled apps and are easy to use. They offer nice CD mastering systems for creating your own customized versions. Their enthusiastic online forums get my highest marks.
Puppy is very fast because it runs entirely from memory by default. Lucid Puppy gives you access to the huge Ubuntu repositories, while Slacko Puppy taps the Slackware software libraries. Wary Puppy is specifically designed to support older hardware.
VectorLinux is a fast, bloat-free distro you can build up into your own tailored system. VL offers a nice range of editions to satisfy all tastes. The benefit is that you can stay within the Vector family even if you have varied needs or if your needs change over time. VL's paid support option distinguishes it from competitors. VectorLinux is a good choice for those who want a Slackware-based distro with a long history and strong track record: Vector's proven itself since 1999.
Lubuntu is a good option for those who want to stay within the Ubuntu family but need a lighter distro that requires less CPU and memory. It's also an alternative for those fleeing Ubuntu's Unity--HUD--Dashboard design. Lubuntu has none of these because it runs LXDE instead of Unity. Lubuntu keeps you in the Ubuntu family with a more traditional, resource-light interface.
Damn Small Linux should be your choice only if you have really old hardware you're geeking around with -- like a P-II, P-I, or 486. DSL is excellent for that one specific purpose. If you have newer hardware, Puppy, Vector, and Lubuntu are all better choices from the standpoints of currency, support, user-friendliness, and range of apps.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Howard Fosdick (President, FCI) is an independent consultant who supports databases and operating systems. You might also be interested in his OS News article The Sins of Ubuntu. Read more of his articles here.
Lightweight Distro Specs
|Distro & Website:
|Download Size:
|Installed Footprint:
|64 bit too?
|Sys Reqs state P-II minimum but a P-III or P-IV is probably the practical minimum
Reqs state 128M minimum but the 12.04 download recommends 384M or
better for the Live CD
|VectorLinux 7.0 Standard Edition
In Beta
|Sys Reqs state a P-III @750mhz or better for Live CD
|Sys Reqs state 256M or better for Live CD
|Puppy Linux
As Puplet
|P-II or better works best
|128M minimum required to install, with 256M it runs it entirely from memory
7.0 Light Edition
In Beta
| Sys
Reqs state a P-I @166mhz minimum, works best with P-II or better
|Sys Reqs state 64M minimum, works best with 128M or more
|Damn Small Linux 4.4.10
Reqs state a 486 minimum
|Sys Reqs state 16M minimum to run GUI, with 128M it runs entirely from memory
* For a full disk install.


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|2012-12-20, 11:19
|Link #2024
Senior Member
Join Date: Jun 2007
|2012-12-20, 11:29
|Link #2026
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2012
You'll improve your "MKnR" physics knowledge greatly!
Thanks for all the translations. I look forward to the Yokohama LNs since it seems to have a ton more action and fight sequences added!
|2012-12-20, 16:25
|Link #2032
Join Date: May 2012
BTW, I forgot to mention this, but to D-bag Morisaki haters remember the SS in vol 5 about him body guarding some girl? Turns out she's the granddaughter of Richard Sun, the leader of No Head Dragon. Hence, why the Japanese government was pursuing her.
|2012-12-20, 16:38
|Link #2034
Join Date: May 2012
It's funny. He went to such great lengths to protect her when she was the granddaughter of the guy who leads the organization that put him in the hospital during the Nine Schools Competition. Did anyone notice that her picture in the characters introductions page was on the page with the Chinese infiltrators of the Yokohama War arc? I don't know about you guys, but I'm pretty happy with this new revelation. It show that even when he mans up to protect a girl, he's still a loser.
|2012-12-20, 17:40
|Link #2035
Join Date: Feb 2006
Age: 35
It scares me because, although I like Tatsuya, this series is good not because people can step into his shoes and use him for wish fulfillment.. He was not created to be all powerful so we can live vicariously through him.. Well, I sure as hell hope not or the story going forward isn't going to bode well..
Tatsuya's not a hero. He will likely never marry. He will likely never have children. If it became necessary to protect Miyuki he would probably not hesitate to harm innocents, including children .. he's broken. It's not his fault that he's broken, but he is, that is why even though Azusa admires him, she's scared of him. We should all be scared of him. He's more machine than man. He's probably more a villain than Richard Sun's daughter..
|2012-12-20, 18:03
|Link #2036
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2012
|2012-12-20, 18:07
|Link #2037
Join Date: May 2012
Well, obviously he wasn't told his principal was related to the leader of a foreign criminal organization. He was just fulfilling his duties and acting like a man.
Willx, you are forgetting something important. The hero is always the MC, in my opinion. In a larger context, the hero is who the audience say it is. BTW, Tatsuya isn't as broken as you think. He is not completely emotionless and they are slowly returning. Furthermore, he is willing to help his friends if they need it. Consider the Nine Schools Competition. He refused to hold back in the tuning of the team's CADs so long as they were relying on him.
Did you ever read TAMNI (Index)?
"There are many different types of heroes. …There are those who aren't told what to do and just move straight ahead following the feelings welling up within. …There are those who committed a major sin in the past and try to walk down the right path due to the anguish that sin brings them. …And there are those who were chosen by no one and possess none of the characteristics one would expect of a hero, and yet becomes a hero for that one person they care for. Each of those types is the type of person who will always stand back up when knocked to the ground." - Aiwass
Tatsuya looks like the latter to me.
|2012-12-20, 18:22
|Link #2038
Join Date: Feb 2006
Age: 35
As for your second point -- if the best way to guarantee Miyuki's safety was to mercilessly murder a room of children -- would Tatsuya do it? What do you think the answer is? "He'd find another way" is likely what many would like to say .. but if push came to shove, Miyuki is #1. Morals be damned.
|2012-12-20, 19:06
|Link #2039
Not A Loli-con....
Join Date: May 2011
Location: Somewhere in the 11th dimension
|action, fantasy, harem, incest, magic, mahouka, rettousei, school life, shounen, siblings
|Thread Tools


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It's one thing to ban the word "bossy" -- but is Beyonce really the new boss? Check out our handy bosses comparison to find out.
You may have heard that several high-profile women, like Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg and pop star Beyonce, have started a campaign to ban the word "bossy" as a description for girls, saying it discourages them from being ambitious. I can get behind that, even if the only girl I can recall being regularly described as bossy is Lucy Van Pelt, and it certainly didn't stop her from making tremendous progress in the field of roadside psychiatry.
What I can't necessarily get behind, though, is Beyonce's declaration that "I'm not bossy -- I'm the boss." People familiar with my musical predilections can probably guess my particular opinion as to who's The Boss, and it ain't Beyonce. But I'm willing to give her the benefit of the doubt and do a side-by-side comparison among her and the other big machers who've been labeled "boss" over the years. In other words, we'll just see who's boss.
Name: Beyonce
Occupation: Singer; empowerer of women; Amazon warrior
Boss Pros: Hard to imagine not doing what she says under any circumstances.
Boss Cons: Husband Jay-Z is the author of "Big Pimpin'," so there's that.
Would I Want To Work For This Person? It would be challenging, but probably much more opportunity for advancement than if you worked for any of the other Destiny's Children. YES.
Name: George Steinbrenner
Occupation: Owner of New York Yankees; hirer of Billy Martin; firer of Billy Martin
Boss Pros: Yankees won seven World Series during his tenure, which is not bad.
Boss Cons: Ten would have been better, because then he would have had one ring for each of his pudgy little fingers.
Would I Want To Work For This Person? NO. Unless I felt like being yelled at, bullied and unappreciated, and fired and rehired within an inch of my life, in which case, YES.
Name: Boss Tweed
Occupation: Congressman, state senator, political appointee, stealer of taxpayer dollars.
Boss Pros: Managed to use his political connections to steal as much as $200 million, which in 1877 was real money.
Boss Cons: Died in jail, just like Donald Trump will someday.
Would I Want To Work For This Person? NO, but it would be nice if he could help me secure a permit for the leather tannery I'm hoping to build next to the water supply.
Name: Boss Hogg
Occupation: Unknown, but possibly the executive director of the Hazzard County Chamber of Commerce.
Boss Pros: Personally financed more than 300 new cruisers for the Hazzard County Police Department after Roscoe and Enos would drive the old ones into swamps.
Boss Cons: How much time you got?
Would I Want To Work For This Person? If it meant being able to drive my police cruiser into the swamp every week without repercussion, YES. Otherwise, NO.
Name: Mr. Roarke
Occupation: President and CEO of Fantasy Island Inc.
Boss Pros: Could rock a white suit; had magical powers; KHAAAAAAAAN!
Boss Cons: May have been the devil; never seemed to realize that any number of different guests were all Sonny Bono; was only called "Boss" by Tattoo, usually in conjunction with "Da plane! Da plane!"
Would I Want To Work For This Person? Um, hello? YES! I could look out for the plane coming as well as the next guy.
Name: Angela Bower of "Who's The Boss?"
Occupation: Pretty sure she was an advertising executive, but her real job was trading barbs with the irascible Tony Danza.
Boss Pros: Independent woman of the '80s; played by the effervescent Judith Light.
Boss Cons: May not have actually been the boss -- believe it or not, some "Who's The Boss?" scholars think it was actually Tony. Who knew?
Would I Want To Work For This Person? If it meant moving in with Judith Light, Tony Danza, Alyssa Milano and Katherine Helmond as "Mona," then YES. They can even adopt me if they want.
Name: Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria
Occupation: Boss of the Genovese crime family, 1922-1931
Boss Pros: Was known as "The Man Who Can Dodge Bullets," which is an effective management tool.
Boss Cons: Was shot to death at an Italian restaurant in Coney Island, so couldn't actually dodge bullets, as it turns out.
Would I Want To Work For This Person? What could possibly go wrong? NO.
Name: Bruce Springsteen
Occupation: Singer/songwriter; defender of the downtrodden; former future of rock 'n' roll.
Boss Pros: How much time you got? (For starters, well, he's The Boss.)
Boss Cons: Would probably feel some sort of obligation to find a position for Jon Bon Jovi.
Would I Want To Work For This Person? I've been waiting for the phone to ring since 1984, so YES.
So there you have it -- I'd say Bruce is top boss, but Beyonce's certainly holding her own. And the fact that there are only a few women on this list of famous bosses says that Sandberg and Co. are probably onto something: What we need is less "bossy" and more bosses.
I'm talking to you, Lucy. Please don't slug me.
Peter Chianca is editor in chief for Gatehouse Media New England's north-of-Boston newspapers and websites. Follow him on Twitter at @pchianca.


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Student Mentor Program
The Student Mentor Program is a student-run program that matches interested first year students (1Ls) with a second or third year student (2L or 3L) who will serve as a mentor during the Fall Semester. The goal of the program is to help first year students navigate the challenges of their first year by connecting with an upper-level student who can supply information, experience, and even fun during the first semester of law school. The program has been very successful in helping many first year students more easily make the transition into their new environments.
Each mentor is expected to meet with his or her mentee at least twice during the semester, and both mentors and mentees are encouraged to contact each other frequently. In addition, there is a "get to know you" social event at the beginning of the semester and an end of the semester exam break.
If you are interested in participating in this program, either as a mentor or a mentee, please click on the links to the right.
If you have any questions, please contact one of the persons listed below.
- Anna Donovan, Admissions/Communications Assistant
firstname.lastname@example.com or (314) 935-5738
- Elizabeth Walsh, Associate Dean for Student Services
firstname.lastname@example.com or (314) 935-5861
This page was updated 16 December 2014.