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Interview and Book Review: Specification by Example
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Gojko Adzic has written a book titled Specification by Example in which he provides advice and guidelines on adopting specification by example as a way to create living documentation on a software development project. Specification by Example is a set of techniques for describing the functional and behavioural aspects of a computer system in a way that they are useful to the development team (expressed ideally as executable tests), understandable by non-technical stakeholders and maintainable to remain relevant despite changing customer demands.
The book is rich with examples and advice with over 50 case studies that examine how different teams and organisations have applied the approach, with greater and lesser degrees of success. The author doesn't gloss over the challenges involved in bringing in these approaches, and a number of the case studies look at failure modes and patterns with advice on how to avoid them.
Along with the case studies and examples he identifies common challenges and issues that can face teams brining in Specification by Example and offers concrete advice on how to tackle them.
While many of the examples he cites and the case studies he describes are organisations and teams that are adopting Agile techniques, he makes a point that these techniques are not restricted to, nor dependant on, using an Agile approach.
The book talks about the value of test automation, and gives advice on implementing automation but does not delve deeply into the available tools and how they can be configured. The accompanying website does provide resources including books, links to open source and proprietary tools, links to articles, video tutorials and presentations.
On his website Adzic describes the key ideas of the book as follows:
Specification by Example is a set of process patterns that facilitate change in software products to ensure that the right product is delivered efficiently. When I say the right product, I mean software that delivers the required business effect or fulfills a business goal set by the customers or business users and it is flexible enough to be able to receive future improvements with a relatively flat cost of change.
He describes a multi-step process for deriving the specification and turning it into a "living document":
- Deriving Scope From Goals
- Illustrating using examples
- Refining the specification
- Automating validation without changing specifications
- Validating frequently
- Evolving a documentation system
He says:
An automated specification with examples, still in a human-readable form and easily accessible to all team members, becomes an executable specification.
Living documentation is the end-product of Specification by Example. To create a living documentation system, many teams have ended up designing a domain specific language for specifications and tests.
The publishers have made a sample chapter available to InfoQ readers – it can be found here.
He is also running an "A-B Test" comparing amazon.com with amazon.co.uk and offering a poster for assisting with the test.
Recently the author spoke to Shane Hastie from InfoQ:
InfoQ: Please tell us a bit about yourself, and what inspired you to write Specification by Example?
Gojko: I'm a consultant, mostly working with ambitious teams who want to tighten up the quality of their software products and processes in iterative delivery models. Specification by Example is kind of a natural continuation of my focus on agile acceptance testing and behaviour driven development over the last five or six years. There were two sparks that caused me to write a new book. One was Tom Gilb's presentation at agile testing days 2009 where he claimed that agile doesn't work and that there is no data to prove that it does with people mostly writing and presenting about their gut-feel. The other is an InfoQ article published in 2009 that was asking whether anyone really does automated acceptance testing in agile processes or is that a purely theoretical proposition. At that time, I've already seen the process succeed fantastically in several environments and I couldn't really understand such doubt and negativity about it, so I decided to collect real stories, not gut-feel, and show the world that there are people out there, quite a few in fact, who have made it work and got big benefits out of it.
InfoQ: What is the problem you are trying to solve with this book?
Gojko: There are a lot of misconceptions about specification by example, acceptance test driven development and behaviour driven development in the community. Five years ago I was mostly meeting people at conferences who never heard of those ideas. Now most people I meet have heard about them, but so few have succeeded in actually implementing them in their process. Most of the failures are caused by common misunderstandings. In the book I present seven key patterns that successful teams have in their processes and lots of tips and things to avoid from the experience of about 50 projects in different contexts. I hope that this knowledge helps teams spot the typical hurdles, get over then and improve their delivery processes.
InfoQ: The concepts and ideas in the book are frequently referred to as Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) or Behavior Driven Development (BDD) - why did you coin the term Specification by Example rather than using those?
Gojko: It's the one with the least amount of negative baggage. I had a big problem while writing the book of actually presenting the knowledge from lots of different teams as a consistent text, and I've realised that as a community we've adopted a completely wrong language for the whole thing. We call things with technical names that confuse business users, so any attempts to get them involved fail. We also have very little consistency in how artifacts of the process are called, which creates further confusion. I then decided that my goal with the book will be to promote a set of names that create the right mental images in people's heads and that allow teams to avoid common pitfalls and misunderstanding. One key issue is focusing too much on the testing aspect of the process, and considering the whole thing just a testing activity. This is why I did not want to use ATDD. BDD is a whole methodology that still isn't that precisely defined. Depending who you talk to, it might or might not include pull-based work models, outside-in design and things like that. Working with examples as specifications of features and automating tests based on those examples is a key pillar of BDD, but it might not be all of it. We'll probably have to wait for Dan North to write a book on BDD to actually nail it down. I wanted this book to be about a very concrete set of practices that can be used in lots of different methodologies, as teams I interviewed claimed to use XP, Scrum, Kanban and some other things.
InfoQ: Who is the book aimed at?
Gojko: Anyone serious about delivering high-quality software. I tried very hard to make it non-technical and understandable to many different roles, as high quality of processes and products come from a holistic view and collaboration - no single group can deliver that on its own.
Product people, business analysts, testers, developers and project managers should all be able to benefit equally from it.
InfoQ: You make the point that you are not getting into the details of any particular tool, but surely implementing your ideas requires a thorough understanding of tools to be effective, what advice can you give readers about the tools?
Gojko: Tools automate processes - they make a process run faster. If you have a process that hurts, automating it only makes it hurt more frequently. I made the mistake of thinking that a tool will save us early on, and we failed miserably. This actually got me started on writing my first book, when I realised that collaboration is the missing link in what we did. Many teams I interviewed for Specification by Example made the same mistake, and it seems that this is a common problem from the discussions I have with people at conferences. My advice to readers is fix the process first, then automate it to run smoother. Once the right process is in place, a good tool will make it fly.
InfoQ: You use the term "living documentation" to describe the outcome of your approach - how is this different from either traditional documentation or lightweight Agile documentation using story cards?
Gojko: Story cards aren't really intended to be kept for a long period of time. they are useful for short term prioritisation and planning, but when you need to understand what your system does six months after implementing a story, the card isn't going to help much. traditional documentation gets out of date very quickly. having programming language code as the only reliable source of truth on functionality creates information bottlenecks and black holes. this is where the long term effects of well written specifications with examples really come in. as the validation of these specifications is automated through acceptance tests and they run frequently, we can trust that the system does what these tests specify or from the other side, that these documents still say what the system does. well written specifications with examples will be easy to read, access and understand, so they help us remove information bottlenecks.
For many large organisations I work with, not having reliable documentation is not just a problem of the software delivery team, it genuinely hurts the business. living documentation is a way for the IT team to provide additional business value by creating and maintaining business process documentation that is reliable and easy to maintain.
InfoQ: What advice do you have for teams looking to implement this approach - what do they need to do to make sure they are ready to make the change?
Gojko: Everything is contextual and each team needs to understand what their problems are and then use the ideas from the book as inspiration to address those issues. a good strategy is to get the whole team to agree on their #1 problem with delivering high quality, sort that out, then move on to the next problem. this is a really successful improvement strategy as it creates a shared goal, reduces resistance, and gives management a compelling argument to support the change (hey, the team is solving their top issue).
InfoQ: What are the biggest changes that teams and organizations need to make to adopt this approach?
Gojko: Again, this is contextual. often the biggest change is cultural, moving from imaginary walls over which tasks are being thrown and responsibilities handed over to a more collaborative, holistic approach to delivering software. specification by example requires tight collaboration between different roles and also supports the teams in making the transition to a more collaborative environment.
InfoQ: What are some common mistakes that you have seen, and how do teams avoid them?
Gojko: Focusing on a tool is certainly a big mistake that people commonly make, which doesn't improve collaboration and just creates more problems. another common pitfall is approaching the process from a purely testing perspective, where the artifacts become oversaturated with data and combinatorial explosion of cases, making them useless as communication tools. the third common issue is getting the design of specifications wrong, using technical language and scripts to describe how something is tested instead of what the system is supposed to do.
This leads to maintenance headaches later.
To avoid these mistakes teams have to keep their eye on the prize and focus on collaboration and improving communication, evolving a common language and using it consistently in all the artifacts.
InfoQ: What advice can you give to help teams sustain the change, keeping the "living" aspect of the documentation alive?
Gojko: Teams have to recognise that the project language evolves over time, as their understanding of the domain evolves and as the business opportunities change. this has an impact on how things are structured and explained in specifications with examples, and in the living documentation system. to get the long term benefits teams have to invest in keeping the living documentation system consistent. this is a much wider topic, involving domain driven design and ubiquitous language and how using it consistently supports symmetric change - a small change in business functionality will be represented by a small change in software and documentation. if we allow these models to drift apart, then software quickly becomes legacy and at some point people just give up and decide to rewrite it from scratch. but when the models are kept in line and consistent, we can avoid this legacy trap. so the living documentation system is really alerting us to such problems earlier, and I think teams need to understand that keeping the documentation alive makes them keep the underlying software alive as well.
InfoQ: How have some organizations and teams benefited from adopting Specification by Example?
Gojko: Generally the benefits fall into four categories: higher product quality, better alignment of analysis/development/testing activities in iterations, implementing changes more effectively and having a lot less rework to push things out. this means faster time to market and better quality. examples of that are a team that had no serious bugs in production for years although they release every two weeks, a team that cleaned up a horrible legacy system enough to stop using bug tracking tools, and a team that cut their time to market from six months to four days in average. and the key thing here is that this is not rocket science or some kind of dark art - is is achievable and reproducible if people put in the effort and approach it from the right perspective.
Blogger Craig Smith was one of the early reviewers of the book, and he wrote about it on his blog. He states:
Overall, this book is a definite must read for any teams (particularly agile teams) who are trying to balance or find a decent approach to specifications and testing. It is a good balance of patterns and real case studies on how testing and specifications should be approached in an agile world. It would make my list of Top 5 must read testing books and Top 10 must read agile books. And now I know what the proper name is for the cats eyes that are embedded in the freeway!
He presents the following list of the key points he took from the book:
Here are my key notes from the book:
- a people problem, not a technical one
- building the product right and building the right product are two very different things, we need both to be successful
- living documents – fundamental – a source of information about system functionality that is as reliable as the programming language code but much easier to access and understand
- allows easier management of product backlogs
- proceed with specifications only when the team is ready to start implementing an item eg. at the start of an iteration
- derive scope from goals – business communicate the intent and team suggest a solution
- verbose descriptions over-constrain the system – how something should be done rather than just what is to be done
- traditional validation – we risk introducing problems if things get lost in translation between the business specification and technical automation
- an automated specification with examples, still in a human readable form and easily accessible to all team members, becomes an executable specification
- tests are specifications, specifications are tests
- consider living documentation as a separate product with different customers and stakeholders
- may find that Specification By Example means that UAT is no longer needed
- changing the process – push Specification By Example as part of a culture change, focus on improving quality, start with functional test automation, introduce a new tool, use TDD as a stepping stone
- changing the culture – avoid agile terminology, management support, Specification By Example a better way to do UAT, don't make automation the end goal, don't focus on a tool, leave one person behind to migrate legacy scripts (batman), track who is/isn't running automated tests, hire someone who has done it before, bring in a consultant, introduce training
- dealing with signoff and tracebility – keep specifications in a version control system, get signoff of living documentation, get signoff on scope not specifications, get signoff on slimmed down use cases, introduce use case realisations
- warning signs – watch out for tests that change frequently, boomerangs, test slippage, just in case code and shotgun surgery
- F16 – asked to be built for speed but real problem was to escape enemy combat – still very successful 30+ years later
- scope implies solutions – work out the goals and collaborately work out the scope to meet goals
- people tell you what they think they need, and by asking them 'why' you can identify new implicit goals they have
- understanding why something is needed, and who needs it, is crucial to evaluating a suggested solution.
- discuss, prioritise and estimate at goals level for better understanding and reduced effort
- outside-in design – start with the outputs of the system and investigate why they are needed and how the software can provide them (comes from BDD)
- one approach is to get developers to write the "I want" part of the storycard
- when you don't have control of scope – ask how something is useful, ask for an alternative solution, don't only look at lowest level, deliver complete features
- collaboration is valuable – big all team workshops, smaller workshops (three amigos), developers and analysts pairing on tests, developers review tests, informal conversations
- business analysts are part of the delivery team, not customer representatives
- right level of detail is picking up a card and saying 'I'm not quite sure', it pushes you to have a conversation
- collaboration – hold introductory meetings, involve stakeholders, work ahead to prepare, developers and testers review stories, prepare only basic examples, overprescribing hinders discussion
- one of the best ways to check if the requirements are complete is to try to design black-box test cases against them. If we don't have enough information to design good test cases, we definitely don't have enough information to build the system.
- feature examples should be precise (no yes/no answers, use concrete examples), realistic (use real data, get realistic examples from customers), complete (experiment with data combinations, check for alternate ways to test) and easy to understand (don't explore every combination, look for implied concepts)
- whenever you see too many examples or very complicated examples in a specification, try to raise the level of abstraction for those descriptions
- illustrate non-functional requirements – get precice performance requirements, use low-fi prototypes for UI, use the QUPER model, use a checklist for discussions, build a reference example for things that are hard to quantify (such as fun) to compare against
- good specifications – should be precise and testable, not written as a script, not written as a flow
- watch out for descriptions of how the system should work, think about what the system should do
- specifications should not be about software design – not tightly coupled with code, work around technical difficulties, trapped in user interface details
- specifications should be self explanatory – descriptive title and short paragraph of the goal, understood by others, not over-specified, start basic and then expanded
- specifications should be focussed – use given-when-then, don't explicitly detail all the dependencies, put defaults at the technical layer but don't rely on them
- define and use an ubiquitous language
- starting with automation – try a small sample project, plan upfront, don't postpone or delegate, avoid automating existing manual scripts, gain trust with UI tests
- managing test automation – don't treat as second-grade code, describe validation. don't replicate business logic, automate along system boundaries, don't check business logic through the UI
- automating user interfaces – specify interaction at a higher level (logging rather than filling out the login page), check UI functionality with UI specifications, avoid record and playback, setup context in a database
- test data management – avoid using pre-populated data, use pre-populated reference data, pull prototypes from the database,
- Bott's Dott's are the lane markers on the roads that alert you when you move out of your lane, continuous integration has that function in software, run it with Specification By Example and you have continuous validation
- reducing unreliability – find most annoying thing and fix it, identify unstable tests, setup dedicated validation environment, automated deployment, test doubles for external systems, multi-stage validation, execute tests in transactions, run quick checks for reference data, wait for events not elapsed time, make asynchronous processing optional, don't use specification as an end to end validation
- faster feedback – introduce business time, break long tests into smaller modules, avoid in-memory databases for testing, separate quick and slow tests, keep overnight tests stable, create a current iteration pack, parallelise test runs
- managing failing tests – sometimes you can't fix tests – create a known regression failures pack, automatically check disabled tests
- easy to understand documentation – avoid long specifications, avoid lots of small specifications for a single feature, look for higher level concepts, avoid technical automation concepts
- consistent documentation – evolve an ubiquitous language, use personas, collaborate on defining language, document building blocks
- organize for easy access – by stories, functional areas, UI navigation routes, business processes, use tags instead of URLs
About the book author
Gojko Adzic is a strategic software delivery consultant who works with ambitious teams to improve the quality of their software products and processes. He specialises in agile and lean quality improvement, in particular agile testing, specification by example and behaviour driven development. Gojko is a frequent speaker at leading software development and testing conferences and runs the UK agile testing user group. Over the last eleven years, he has worked as a developer, architect, technical director and consultant on projects delivering financial and energy trading platforms, mobile positioning and e-commerce applications, online gaming and complex configuration management systems.
He is the author of Specification by Example, Bridging the Communication Gap, Test Driven .NET Development with FitNesse and The Secret Ninja Cucumber Scrolls
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If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Adam Nemeth
- I like that someone writes something which is about specifications, where the true problem lies.
- I like that someone points out that specifications shouldn't be taken as external input, but rather a part of development
- I like that someone points out that we should use something written in the business language, from the business viewpoint, yet technically sound, as a communication device.
- I like that someone points out that we should understand what the users need, though they always tell us what they want. That the specification should be a requirement, instead of a story of how an imaginary system works. This is really-really-really important.
Still, it may be distilled to some developers as "great, so, we will use FitNesse from Monday on as our specification tool. Anything that is not in FitNesse is not a requirement".
- I'm not convinced that we can avoid natural language when we're delivering systems which communicate with people.
- I'm not convinced, that a technical language could be used as a full specification of a system
- I'm not convinced, that the test suite (the "living documentation") will be able to hold all the human information, and
- I'm not convinced, that this "documentation" won't get inevitable technical garbage in it as the system evolves.
Technology is constraining. Part of the constraint comes from the explicitness of the mathematical / technical world, and the lack of such in the human world. Anything which tries to hide this fact is perhaps bound to fail in my opinion.
Another question which continously arises in me nowadays wether a system which passes all its tests is surely a good system. My answer to that is no, and I guess, to the opposite, the answer of most developers is yes.
In case we're able to investigate all the real needs the system aims to solve, including both the stated needs coming from customers, and all the implicit needs coming from the current situation of computing (eg. human-computer interaction measures, security measures, etc), and we deliver the simplest yet most adequate (in short: an elegant) solution to that, then yes, we did something good for humanity, or at least that small part of it who are our users.
(Notice I didn't use the word 'requirement' here: Being hungry is a need, asking to deliver a hamburger is a requirement.)
Wether we're able to investigate these needs in a systematic manner, is out of question in this book. Perhaps I should write one about it.
On another scale, a lot of people from the earlier generation spent a lot of time trying to figure out, how to distill needs from specifications. The reason was, that famous statistics of the age (quoted by Brooks (which is quoted here)) shown that specification is where the true problem of systems lie.
Also, it seemed so, that we failed to communicate the actual technical consequences to our users well, in a way that was technically sound, yet was still comprehensible for them.
Hence, Grady Boochs, Ivar Jacobson and others (including Alistair Cockburn later, who is referenced on the resources page with a completely different topic) spent a lot of time trying to figure out how to do this best.
There was another guy, in a slightly different field, who felt that systems feel natural only if they're an exact counterpart of their problem. This guy is Alexander, and his work on it is the Timeless Way of Building. In a lot of ways, Pattern Languages were an experiment on finding the "Holy way" of specification, and I'm yet to know if he succeeded.
Of course, good old Dijsktra was also deeply entangled with the problem.
What I sadly miss in this book, at least in the sample chapters for now and in the resources page, is the research of the pre-agile age.
The old world was fascinated by this. They were all about how to write specifications better, how to make systems comply with such specifications better to the extent that they tried to automatize development itself, to make sure it meets specifications, as they're a derivative of it.
The Agile World, however, at least how it is recorded in the Agile Manifesto, takes specification as an externality. I guess this is its biggest shortcoming; the second one is that the world User isn't mentioned anywhere. Documentation isn't a key issue after all, as long as the system does what it needs to, and we can more or less figure it out why it does need to do exactly that.
This happened perhaps to relieve from the moral burden of bad systems with customers trying to dictate the design instead of specification, telling what the system should do, instead of telling developers what their problems were. Not that the developers were good at understanding how to solve business problems, they were good at how to code. This becomes especially sad if the customer has no relationship to the user.
So, is a System good, if it fulfills its specification? I guess it depends on how that specification was made.
I don't see so far that we got an exhaustive answer for that so far at least by reading the sample chapters, and I don't see that it was truly researched.
Re: If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Gojko Adzic
Still, it may be distilled to some developers as "great, so, we will use FitNesse from Monday on as our specification tool. Anything that is not in FitNesse is not a requirement".
I think this would be a big misunderstanding and I hope nobody reading the book will get this impression, I try very hard to argue for collaboration and against toolitis.
What I sadly miss in this book, at least in the sample chapters for now and in the resources page, is the research of the pre-agile age.
This is an interesting topic but for some other book. I did not want to write a history of this topic or an anthology of works of other great authors. UML, patterns and other topics you mentioned are important but well documented in other books. I wanted to collect and present a set of practices that is in use today, I feel it is important, but it was not previously documented or written about from the right perspective.
So, is a System good, if it fulfills its specification? I guess it depends on how that specification was made.
I agree with you on this and that is exactly why most of the book is about collaboration and how to get to the right examples effectively, not about automation or tools.
Re: If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Adam Nemeth
This is an interesting topic but for some other book. I did not want to write a history of this topic or an anthology of works of other great authors. UML, patterns and other topics you mentioned are important but well documented in other books. I wanted to collect and present a set of practices that is in use today, I feel it is important, but it was not previously documented or written about from the right perspective.
(emphasis added)
I don't ask you to write about these, but you didn't even reference them.
My problem with not taking the time to do this extensive research and build on top of the old ones, is that it doesn't accumulate knowledge. This is not only a problem with this book per se, but rather, a problem with current things in general.
If everyone is telling their own ideas, with disregard to the estabilished literature, it creates a memory-less community. Such is not without precedent.
In the middle ages, we had a similar problem: previous knowledge was lost. Wether it was because of the troubled network (road) infrastructure, or for other reasons, we don't really know.
Yet high-culture of the middle ages, and later, renaissance, was only possible after we found our old books: when the ancient greek texts came back in their adventorous route through the arabian (Moor) conquestadors of the Spanish peninsula.
That's why I jokingly call the agile age sometimes the "Dark Age of Software Engineering" - hearing continously about dropping this and that and also that, as it was old, and hence surely bad, and old problems surfacing without a definitive answer - that pretty much summarizes a lot of conference talks for me.
Of course, this knowledge isn't that much lost: we just don't employ it, and we simply forget about it. If you want to, I'm sure you can still get a copy of Structured Programming or OOAD, or perhaps you can still look up pattern archives.
The state of natural sciences are that advanced because people built upon each other; even when it turned out Newton was wrong, they didn't forget him. If everyone was just collecting their own experiences with electricity, we wouldn't have made computers in the previous century perhaps.
Personal experiences matter, of course, tried out ideas matter, new ideas matter, but in order to be able to serve the customer something which surely works - I just can't imagine that this way.
Re: If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Olivier Gourment
And to Gojko's point, one could argue that sometimes, innovation requires forgetting, or voluntarily ignoring previous practices.
Re: If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Gojko Adzic
My problem with not taking the time to do this extensive research and build on top of the old ones, is that it doesn't accumulate knowledge.
I'm not sure why you are making this (wrong) assumption. I did quite a lot of research and I wrote about people who've done work in the past in this area including Jerry Weinberg, Ward Cunningham and several other things that people have done in the 80's and 90's, putting the new practices in the context of that.
Re: If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Adam Nemeth
Mary Poppendieck, on the other hand, is currently into lean, yet personally I'm not convinced that her consequences are always correct, that she always understands the context of those writings she cites, and in several occassions, I didn't agree with her writings as a consequence. While technically, you are correct that she does cite sources, I don't agree that she uses them well, and I believe most people are too lazy to go after them, especially if the outcome sounds positive for them (ie. coders hate to document, anyone who says it's harmful is getting standing ovation)
But, again, that's my personal opinion about Poppendieck's work and use of sources.
I think that in every fashion or science, the age should come when we must look back to see what were we missing about forgetting and ignoring our past; that's called colloquially renaissance, and in my view, a synthesis of old and new are usually better than any of them as a single. But I guess you believe there's no need for that yet as our new methods aren't that complete, but I guess it's quite the time by now. That's again, a personal opinion.
Re: If a system is specified this way - is it a good system?
Adam Nemeth
Yet, as far as I see, that reesearch went into the general writings of the nineties, and the current mainstream notion's pioneers (Ward Cunningham is such a guy), or writers quite in fashion in recent years (like Poppendieck) while I was asking, why didn't you look at the emblematic writings of the past age instead of concentrating on these.
The reason I was asking this is that I believe we have a problem with specifications nowadays not because we never knew how to do that correctly yet, but because we forgot what we knew quite well.


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subset: commoncrawl


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You may not think of bow ties as a wardrobe staple, but this understated update will inspire a change of heart. A Birchbox Man exclusive, this flannel wool bow tie can serve as a casual complement to your workday attire, or as a polished addition to your evening formalwear. Throw it on one of your go-to outfits, and the chemistry might surprise you.
Great little bowtie. I don't generally/ever wear bowties, but after receiving this in my birchbox I now find it a staple in my wardrobe, for casual and fancy affairs. Love the asymmetry and the medium to small size of the bow. The flannel material lets it be dressed down, but the monotone gray can be worn with a tux! Really glad to have it.5


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Jack-O-Lantern spectacular open through Saturday
Hurricane Sandy left little behind on the grounds of Roger Williams Park Zoo for crews to clean up. "We've got leaves to rake and a few small trees and branches to take care of," said Ron Patalano, deputy director of operations, "but otherwise we're in good shape."
Both the Zoo and Jack-O-Lantern Spectacular re-opened Wednesday in time for Halloween. Intricate pumpkin art was stored indoors for the storm, and the pumpkins on the trail suffered no serious damage. Carvers will work to replace jack-o-lanterns that deteriorated in the rain. The Spectacular runs through Saturday, Nov. 3.
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Two renowned Oregon poets will read their works at the Hood River Library July 23 at 7 p.m.
Steve Dieffenbacher and Jonah Bornstein will give readings and discuss their works as part of an Eastern Oregon tour sponsored by Libraries of Eastern Oregon.
All ages are welcome to attend the program.
Dieffenbacher has lived in Oregon's Rogue Valley since 1989. His poem "Emptiness" won the 2010 poetry prize sponsored by Cloudbank Magazine. He has been published in numerous regional journals and in the just-published anthology "What the River Brings: Oregon River Poems," edited by Kathryn Ridall.
Dieffenbacher is an editor at the Mail Tribune in Medford, where he writes a monthly column focusing on nature and hiking for the newspaper's Sunday travel section. He has won various awards for writing, photography and page design in his more than 35 years as a journalist. His poems also are included in "Deer Drink the Moon," an anthology of Oregon poetry published by Ooligan Press at Portland State University.
Bornstein is the author and co-author of several collections of poetry, most recently a chapbook, "Treatise on Emptiness." His poems have been anthologized in "Sept. 11, 2001, American Writers Respond," "Walking Bridges" and among other collections.
Bornstein lives in Ashland, where he teaches and edits poetry privately. His poems have been published in Westwind Review, Jefferson Monthly, Hesperides, among others.
He is a Pushcart Prize nominee, winner of two OPA awards, the Coulter Poetry Prize and a New York University Poetry Prize.
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Connie J. Spentz, LPN, nursing instructor
March 19, 1947 – June 7, 2013
Connie J. Spentz, of Buffalo, a licensed practical nurse and nursing instructor, died unexpectedly June 7. She was 66.
Born in Coalwood, W.Va., the former Connie Williams came to Buffalo with her family as a child and was a 1965 graduate of East High School.
After receiving her LPN degree from D'Youville College, she earned a master's degree from the University at Buffalo.
She worked for 32 years for Erie County at Erie County Medical Center and Erie Community College. At the time of her death, she was teaching nursing as an adjunct professor at UB. She was a board member of Statewide Peer Assistance for Nurses.
Active in Humboldt Parkway Baptist Church, she was director of the vacation Bible school, a primary Sunday school teacher and was founder of the church's nurses ministry.
She also was a member of the Mass Choir and Harmonettes at the church and a member of the Floral Club. She was former supervisor of the Junior Missionary Society.
A member of the Great Lakes Baptist Association Women's Auxiliary Ministry, she was assistant director of its Young People's Department.
Ms. Spentz was a member of the Whistettes whist club for 45 years. She also was a seamstress and was creative with arts and crafts. She enjoyed music, reading and gardening.
Her husband of 33 years, James E., died in 2002.
Survivors include four daughters, Janelle, Vanessa, LaVita and Jonette Spentz-Jackson; and three sons, Jason, the Rev. Lavell Pompey and Lamont.
Services will be held at 11 a.m. today in Humboldt Parkway Baptist Church, 790 Humboldt Parkway.


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Next Meetup
What we're about
Welcome to Outdoor Singles and Socials (OSS)!
If you like hikes, walks, bar socials, beach parties, parties, zip lining, camping, river rafting, etc, then this Meetup is for you!
Non-singles are welcomed to attend our events. Our Friday night hikes are for singles and non-singles (married, in relationships, etc). These Friday night hikes are open to everyone!
Welcome to this fun Meetup group in Los Angeles, Orange County, Ventura County, San Diego County (Southern California)! This hiking club in Los Angeles area has many fun singles activities and singles events in Los Angeles. Most of our events are outdoor activities around Los Angeles area. We have many fun hikes in LA such as hiking to where they filmed MASH, biking around LA, biking along the beach, hiking to the Hollywood sign, hike to the Batcave, hike to water falls, going to FREE TV show tapings, going to a movie set where you can walk around (Paramount Ranch), checking out the Oscars the day before, camping at Catalina Island. We also have hikes for 20s, 30s & 40s. This group has done many fun train trips to Santa Barbara, Solvang, San Diego, La Jolla, San Juan Capistrano, San Clemente, Oceanside, etc.
We have a variety of singles at our events. The singles range from blue collar to singles professionals. Most of our members are straight singles professionals. Come and join and meet other singles at fun events at this fun Meetup group! This Meetup is FREE!
Some of the events on this Meetup site are Sierra Club events. This is separate from the Sierra Club.
Come hiking and be in better health--burn approx. 400-650 calories an hour.
This hiking group keeps safety in mind. This group hikes usually hike on established trails such as fire roads. We don't go off trails like some other meetup groups do. Although, we try to keep hikes safe, unexpected things can happen on hikes. Any outdoor event can have risks. To minimize risks, please come prepared such as bringing shoes with good traction, lots of water, sweater if it is an evening hike, rain gear if it is expected to rain, etc.
If you want to host an event, either message the organizer of post it in Schedule a Meetup on the homepage.
If you want to support this group and make a donation to this Meetup group, go here. We organizers have to pay $120 a year. https://secure.meetup.com/Outdoor-Singles/contribute/
Welcome to Outdoor Singles and Socials Meetup group!
I DON'T RECOMMEND CARPOOLING UNLESS YOU KNOW (AND/OR THEIR DRIVING) THAT PERSON!! There are some creeps in Meetup. :(
If you're a female and looking to carpool, you may write, "Seeking female carpoolers." Women should carpool together and never carpool alone with a guy you don't know !
You do need a picture to join. This group is for normal people. That means no creeps, weirdos, peeps covered all over with tattoos, no gangsters, people with mohawks, etc.
DISCLAIMER: Outdoor Singles & Socials isn't responsible for your safety. Outdoor activities are inherently dangerous. By signing up for these events, you agree to release organizers and Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup from ANY responsibility/liability. If you DON'T agree to these terms, DO NOT JOIN THIS MEETUP GROUP.
Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup doesn't certify the expertise of the organizers.
The event/assistant organizers (hike leaders) in this Meetup aren't professional hike leaders and/or sports/outdoor leaders. The event organizers are volunteers. You are responsible for yourself.
When organizers charge for their events, this is between you and them. This has NOTHING to do with Outdoor Singles & Socials. Also, the people who post Ideas and ask for money for their events are NOT associated with Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup. Pay at YOUR OWN DISCRETION. These finacial transactions are between you and them and NOT Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup. Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup is NOT responsible for any possible monetary losses/ financial disagreement.
Outdoor events can be inherently dangerous and accidents may and do happen. By participating in any events, you're taking responsibility for your own safety and well-being. The Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup Group and its organizers are not trained leaders and we don't confirm the qualifications of any of our members to lead or participate in trips/events. All participants take full responsibility for their own actions. If you choose to sign up for any Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup events, you are releasing the Outdoor Singles & Socials Meetup Group and its organizers from all and any liability in case of possible injuries.
The hike leaders in this Meetup aren't professional hike leaders. You are responsible for yourself! By signing up for these events, you agree not to hold the Meetup organizers of Outdoor Singles & Socials responsible for what happens to you on these events. Outdoor activities are inherently dangerous.


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|2010 Sasquatch: Photo Dan Lehmann
|2011 Sasquatch: Photo Dan Lehmann
A collection of personal thoughts and experiences - mostly centered around running.
|2010 Sasquatch: Photo Dan Lehmann
|2011 Sasquatch: Photo Dan Lehmann
Looks and sounds like everybody had a good time! We're a couple months away from running in such "balmy" conditions! Hope your training continues to stay on course Adam - best of luck with your 2011 goals!ReplyDelete
Keep that cold stuff up in MN where it belongs. . . I'm ready for spring!
So much fun out there playing in the snow. I am in total agreement with you about running in the snow. I am sore and tired, but I just so enjoy Sasquatch. For two years now, it is something I look forward to, but maybe the 3rd year we will see something brown. Great to see you and Kadra.ReplyDelete
Rick - I hope you had a wonderful birthday! Lookout grand-masters, here comes Rick Gray!ReplyDelete
greetings from disney!!! :oP me too! snow is not my thing! I felt so SLOW out there. I just try to tell myself that winter running is going to help me have a FUN spring:o)
it was great to see you and Kadra! I'm so excited about your AT adventure and I feel you are extremely wise to have that for your focus.
I agree about the volunteers! SUCH AWESOME PEOPLE to stand out there in the cold, and be so consistently positive and happy! WVMTR is an amazing group!
Thanks so much for all your encouragement! I'm trying to improve! :o) it's a journey for sure, but one I'm really enjoying! :o)
take care and see you soon!!
the kids are dying to get out the door! and see the sites.. oh, and brock's mom was released from the hospital, so hopefully her bout with pancreatitis is over.. thanks so much for your thoughts and prayers! that was so crazy and random for his mom she is very active and healthy she goes the the gym 5 days a week and plays golf and never gets sick.
Jenny - that is great news! You guys have fun and enjoy a little reprieve from winter.ReplyDelete
Nice talking with you the other day Adam. Send me that AT itinerary, as I am very interested in trying to run a little section with you. I am looking forward to following your progress!ReplyDelete
Adam, good seeing you guys again. Kadra was CLUTCH at the midway aid station. Huge help. I ran about 9 miles of the course today to PULL down Flagging, it was crazy slippery. I may check out those Microspikes....ReplyDelete
Dolin - I'm glad you could get some use out of Kadra :)
Microspikes are the trick for icy and/or packed trails. Thanks for everything man!
Adam I wish I could dawdle and run as fast as you! I dawdled, but it wasn't on purpose.
Are the Microspikes plastic, like the Get-A-Grip slip on plastic spikes?
Tony - the microspikes are metal "chains" on the bottom held to the shoes on top by a rubber loop. Check them out: http://www.sunnysports.com/Prod/KTLMS.html
They're heavy, but certainly give you solid footing in the snow and ice.


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Optometrist - Winsford, Cheshire
- Recruiter
- ASDA Opticians
- Location
- Winsford, Cheshire
- Salary
- Competitive Salary + Bonus + Share Options + Colleague Discount + Other Benefits
- Posted
- 31 Oct 2017
- Closes
- 28 Nov 2017
- Job Role
- Optometrist
- Sector
- Multiple Practice
- Contract Type
- Permanent
- Hours
- Part Time
About the Role
You can spot an Asda Optometrist from a mile off. They're the ones you see going the extra mile for a customer. What's more they get their colleagues to do the same, because they're on a mission to provide the best eye care at the best possible prices. If you're all about delivering exceptional clinical service, you'll love the buzzing environment of out in-store practise. You'll also love how passionate we are about your development, always ensuring that your skills are at the cutting edge. With a Competitive Salary and excellent Benefits.
The Difference at Asda
At Asda, the price we advertise is the price our customers pay. Thanks to our one price point, single vision glasses are the same price as varifocals and our top-ups like thinner lenses, anti-reflection and scratch resistant coatings are included. Which is great news for our customers. And it means that whether you're an Optical Manager or an Optometrist, you can focus on what you do best: providing great patient care and honest advice.
The Ins and Outs
- You'll provide an outstanding clinical service - from eye tests to contact lens fitting
- You'll maintain an exceptional standard of customer care
- Ensure your clinics run like clockwork
- Take full responsibilty for inspiring and coaching your colleagues
- Competitive Salary and excellent Benefits
What You'll Need
- You'll need to be registered with the General Optical Council as a fully qualified Optometrist and be on track to meet the statutory points requirements for Continued Education & Training (CET)


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Paprika spice made from the pods of Capsicum annuum, an annual shrub belonging to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, and native to tropical areas of the Western Hemisphere, including Mexico, Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Crops are planted in early spring and harvested in the summer and fall, when the pods are glossy and ripe. The pods are then dried and ground to produce paprika. When mild paprikas are made, the central core is first removed. Paprika has some sugar content, varying with the variety, and is richer in vitamin C than the citrus fruits. Pungency is imparted by the nitrogen compound capsaicin, which is usually lower in C. annuum than in other plants of the same genus. A colouring agent, oleoresin of paprika, is extracted from the ground pods and used to impart bright red colour to meat and sausage products and to other processed foods. The rose paprika of Hungary is generally considered the finest variety. It is made from choice dark red pods that have a sweet flavour and aroma. Paprika is a popular seasoning in many cuisines. Its bright colour makes it an excellent garnish for nonsweet, light-coloured foods. It is frequently used in the cooking of Spain, Mexico, and the countries of the Balkan Peninsula. It is especially associated with Hungarian cuisine and is essential for such hot, spicy, Hungarian stew dishes as goulash.
Paprika is available in 16 oz., 8 oz., and 3 oz. sizes. All A1 herbs, spices and seasonings are freshness sealed in durable and attractive clear plastic bottles. For bulk pricing contact us here. or call 516-801-2132.
|Product #
|Paprika 25 lb. Bag
|Paprika 15 lb. Bag
|Paprika 10 lb. Bag
|Paprika 5 lb. Jug
|Paprika 16 oz.
|Paprika 8 oz.
|Paprika 3 oz.
Orders are transacted on a secure server for your shopping convenience and peace of mind.* Filled within 24 hours,** your order is insured and delivered by UPS directly to your door.
*A1 Spice World does not store your credit card information, nor will it sell, lease or share any of your personal information with third parties. **Orders placed on Friday evenings, Saturdays and Sundays are filled on the following Monday.
Home | Site Map | Contact Us | E-mail


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The Baltimore Orioles' Buck Showalter and the Washington Nationals' Davey Johnson are Sporting News' 2012 AL and NL Managers of the Year, respectively, as selected by a panel of 17 major league managers.
Both Beltway teams made surprising runs to the postseason before eventually bowing out in the LDS round.
Showalter turned a 93-loss team from 2011 into a 93-win team in 2012, ending the franchise's infamous streak of 14 consecutive losing seasons. He did it with a rotation that used 12 starters and had only one double-digit winner. He did it with a lineup that featured two in-season free-agent pickups (Nate McLouth, Lew Ford) playing prominent roles because of injuries to starters. And he did it with a third baseman playing first base (Mark Reynolds), a first baseman playing right field (Chris Davis) and a 20-year-old rookie shortstop playing third base (Manny Machado).
It is only fitting that then that Showalter defer to his team and staff.
"It's quite an honor coming from my peers, but I view this as a team award. I really do. The players, coaches and everyone involved made this possible," he says.
Showalter began to change the culture when he took over as manager in August of 2010, but the rise to contender status this season shocked just about everyone—except the Orioles.
"Every player back in spring training believed we could be successful. We have some injuries along the way, we had some bumps in the road, but everyone does over 162 games. We never turned it into a woe-is-me situation. We played through it," Showalter says. "Some people said we were lucky, and we probably were at times. But there are no Cinderellas in baseball, there are too many games for that. Now comes the hard part—you have to build on this season and improve."
World Series 2012: Schedule, TV times
Across town, Johnson not only delivered the Nationals' first winning record since the team relocated to Washington, D.C., in 2005, he led the team to a major-league best 98 wins during the regular season.
And like Showalter, Johnson wasn't surprised by his team's success. In fact, he boldly proclaimed in spring training that he should be fired if the Nationals failed to reach the postseason. That never was a concern, as Washington had sole possession of first place in the NL East from June 5 until the end of the regular season.
Johnson accomplished it all thanks to a dominant rotation and bullpen, and a lineup that was able to overcome extended absences by outfielders Mike Morse and Jayson Werth, third baseman Ryan Zimmerman and shortstop Ian Desmond. Johnson also did a masterful job with 19-year-old outfield phenom Bryce Harper.
"To be recognized by my fellow comrades, a particularly accomplished bunch, makes this award especially meaningful. I send my thanks to them and the folks at Sporting News, as well as the Lerner family and Mike Rizzo for giving me the opportunity to manage such a special, talented group of men. To put on the uniform every day and compete is an honor I never take for granted," Johnson says.
The top vote-getters in each league:
American League (voting by only AL managers)
1. Buck Showalter (Orioles): 4 votes
2. Bob Melvin (Athletics): 3 votes
3. Robin Ventura (White Sox): 1 vote
National League (voting by only NL managers)
1. Davey Johnson (Nationals): 4 votes
2. Dusty Baker (Reds): 3 votes
3. Bruce Bochy (Giants)/Ron Roenicke (Brewers): 1 vote
Monday: AL and NL Rookies of the Year
Tuesday: AL and NL Comeback Players of the Year
Wednesday: AL and NL Managers of the Year
Thursday: AL and NL All-Star Teams
Friday: MLB Player of the Year


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Download web browser programming projectcông việc
Hello Freelancer, i want Add On/ Extension developer for Browser
Battleship multiplayer website game written on java back-end and javascript/html does not matter front-end. Example [đăng nhập để xem URL]
Hello Freelancer, i want Add On/ Extension developer for Browser
Need help in Implementing Cross Browser Testing with Firefox and IE in Protractor ,Cucumber ,Jasmine and Chai framework already set up( 2 weeks of time)-1 week Sprint,Merge code to Gihub
I need to start this project and correct some mistakes that the project has. Likewise create a panel to handle the position of the animations. These are the projects that we will take as references ... Note: We will not use docker. We will take out the docker project. [đăng nhập để xem URL] [đăng nhập để xem URL]
We need a robust functionality to present (embed) all types of files in our browser. It should not open in browser's default viewer. It must be the easiest way to use presentations, spreadsheets, PDF's, Images and other documents on our website without any external dependencies. No tricks, no conversions, no unexpected downtime from external services
To be a little more specific, I'm looking for a browser extension which will identify space that is a variable distance from any text or hyperlinked image for any given web page. The extension should create a map for that space and display a color of choice chosen by the user in those mapped areas of space. By variable distance, I mean that the user
. To be a little more specific, I'm looking for a browser extension which will identify space that is a variable distance from any text or hyperlinked image for any given web page. The extension should create a map for that space and display a color of choice chosen by the user in those mapped areas of space. By variable distance, I mean that the user
I need some changes to an existing website. I need you to design and build my blog.
see attached pdf please ..............
I need an html5 page with cross browser compatibility. I have an example to follow. There is no database work. I just need JQuery, HTML5 work.
I need a simple android app with a built in browser.
Browser extensions & Toolbar Developer required.
I need this completed in 2 days! The requirement is to produce a small piece of HTML/PHP code that works on a mobile browser (Android + Chrome and iPhone + Safari) with the following functionality: 1. Start recording - This will begin the recording from the device microphone onto the server 2. Stop Recording - This will stop the recording and put
I'm looking for someone who can run our exe on web browser , data can store in azure cloud. Only experienced candidates apply.
...reload();... The page reloads but when the visitor has zoommin to the lightbox to see the picture bigger and when I close the Lightbox... the browser stays in that zoommin stage. My target is when close Lightbox the browser is back to normal width. I talk here over IOS Safari and Android Chrome. I try also with: setTimeout(function(){ [đăng nhập để xem URL]
I need an Android app. I already have a design for it, I just need it to be built.
hi. i want to make a app of android and iphone who works with proxies by select country manual and automatic. i give you proxies list. proxies updating adding removing option required. and i option to add option to updates app (must and optional).
Looking for a way to have my unity game be able to accesses a file manager program inside the UI of the game so on the main menu screen we could have a button that would open another app and could move files around on android folders all inside the unity game with out leaving the game.
...survaliance cameras, and we watch it through browser. One stream from one camera at the moment, then switch to other camera stream if needs. This solution works on VLC-plugin, and we can use only old IE11 for now. We need completed solution without additional pay services, which will work with any modern browser in Win7 and Win10. Please, feel free to ask
I need an Android app. I would like it designed and built.
1. need a browser extension to highlight the words(multi words)/ sentences in PDF which is opened in browser 2. should be fast 3. similar to multi highlighter
...Chrome or Firefox extension to your browser. I'll provide a spreadsheet full of UPC codes that will need to be searched on Amazon. If the browser extension does not trigger on an active product page, that matches the UPC, you will need to list the URL and applicable information in a separate spreadsheet. This project will be on a small sample size of
Hi, create Tool/Webpage/software that has to monitor the server logs, Example We have 10 servers in LAB and test is running in all the servers, once the test is completed, it will upload into one common repository folder, logs look like [đăng nhập để xem URL], server2.log...etc server 1500, ...Now I have to save this logs in data base and i want to filter and also monitor the server like if serve...
I have created this site [đăng nhập để xem URL] and used a slider. This slider ...safari it does not work like on Firefox. I see on Safari we have theme and slider issues and I.E I believe slider issue and not sure with Chrome and Safari. Please only bid on project if you can fix the issue. I will provide host and word press login details.
I need a new website. I need you to design and build a website for Indian online rummy game. Browser play 13 cards.
Hi, I have an issue with my website (one section) when it opens directly through facebook/messenger/whatsapp/instagram etc. It works perfectly with iPhones and also on some Android devices (tested on some Huaweii, Mii, Blackberry) BUT(!) there is a bug when you open it through Samsung (tested on Samsung Galaxy S8, S9, Samsung Note) and Google Pixel (1,2) MAYBE EVEN MORE, just not tested. P.S. The...
I need you to develop some software for me. I would like this software to be developed for Windows using C or C++.
I want to check how many browser extension/addons are active in google chrome or firefox.
Hello, I need a map similar to google maps, to fill with color markers from rest (log and lat). Tiles can be from openmap, but in 3D, similar to this: [đăng nhập để xem URL] Thanks in advance!!
I need you to develop some script for me. I would like this script to be developed using Javascript.
I need to fix some error with my website
...need to be able to pass an address into a url and which then gets passed/used in a web browser control for google maps and load the map of that address and then take a picture of that control grammatically so i can use the address picture elsewhere. It appears the web control that comes with Visual Studio is not going to work. Preferred language is
IMPORTANT! - Please read this project carefully and only respond if you have direct experience of recording audio to server via web browser. We are a company that uses audio recordings made via a browser on PC/Tablet/Smartphone and currently the combination of the System and Browsers invokes Noise Reduction and Automatic Gain Control on the recordings
using php jscript bootstarp and mysql browser based application required for inventory managment billing with custom reports .
Hey, I need a script that do an http request to a url ...url i'll provide and receive a URL and a country as a response, the next thing I need is to automatically open a browser (chrome or firefox) with a proxy from that country and redirect to the url received. then after X seconds the browser should get closed. it should be fully automatic. Thanks
I have an asterisk server: Asterisk 126.96.36.199 built by palosanto @ [đăng nhập để xem URL] I need a php based script which will popup a browser window for every incoming call & show information based on QUEUE & DNID. Budget: $50
I run a Shopify ecommerce store and Safari customers complaining about their shopping carts and cant proceed with their order, redirecting to error page or cart being emptied before they have completed their shopping or too much loading that takes them nowhere . Shopify has told me I need to tell all my customers to change their cookie settings asking them to allow it which is mission impossible a...
For a video gallery page, I want: * 1 click to start to play youtube video link in Full screen/Full size of the browser on ipad * Return to video gallery overview when video is completed. We are primarily using [đăng nhập để xem URL] that connects to a WP-database for video links on the webpage today.
1. a place to upload jobs 2. execute job 3. clear all browsing history 4. get new ip from the ip pool, change ip 5. go back to step 2 and repeat 6. Document the code
Looking for the following web components development of web, android app and ios APP with WebRTC - Video/Audio/Text support - communication with user logins, dialing mechanisms - Data Channel to send custom data and handle custom data - data packets from one to other and vice versa...one to many ; one user to multiple RTC channels users - Device Integration
I have a website and I want to add code that downloads a users browser history (ctrl+H) and geolocation to a text file.
Create a web page to set website as home page for any browser. web page displays a message to set website as homepage. After clicking web site set as a Home page


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Chicago Cincinnati Air Canada FlightsFind cheapest airfares for Chicago to Cincinnati Air Canada flights. Book Air Canada Chicago Cincinnati flight ticket via ixigo & get upto ₹5000 ixigo money.
only indicative - actual prices may vary
Oops! No flights available for this route
Try looking with another date and search again.
Chicago Airport Details
Name : O'Hare International Airport
Address : 10000 W O'Hare Ave, Chicago, IL 60666, USA
Phone : NA
Email : NA
Cincinnati Airport Details
Address not available


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I currently sell online at the website Fine Art America. If you find anything on this site that you would care to purchase, please check out my accounts there. If you can't find it, please drop me an email I'll get it up over there. All prices will be the same for all prints depending on size. All purchased images have the watermark removed. If you are local in the Niagara Region, please contact me as I do print my own images and they will be at a discounted price, no middle man ;)
Niagara Landscapes
The Niagara Region, consists of many cities and towns, but the places I like to photograph the most are the falls area in the city of Niagara Falls which I like to call Niagarascapes and the historic town of Niagara on the Lake. Composing my images of Niagara Falls as just one element of the image rather than the main focus of the image is what I like to do. I find the mighty Niagara has been photographed millions of times with the the same composition that I rarely want to take another cookie cutter image of it. Yes, I do have some of them too, but they aren't what I think as very creative. My desire is to create my own original pieces, which is very hard to do there when thousands of photos are taken there daily. The last thing I want to do is add another same old photo to the pile of Niagara Falls pictures out there.
If you see colour to the sky, being the morning person that I am, most of these Niagara landscape photos have been taken at sunrise rather than sunset. It's my favourite time to shoot Niagara.
PLEASE feel free to share these images or leave a comment below, thanks. All rights are reserved.


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BRISTOL, Tenn. – On Wednesday, USA Wrestling released their weekly award standings, and the King University men's wrestlers were named. Garrett Fosdyck was named one of the Most Dominant wrestlers in NCAA Division II while JA Jones and D'Marcus Spencer are among Division II's Fall Leaders.
Fosdyck, a redshirt sophomore from Mathews, Va., ranked fifth in the top-10 of Division II's Most Dominant with an average of 3.7143. The heavyweight has posted a record of 18-9 this season, going 7-5 in decisions, 3-2 in major decisions and 4-2 on falls. He won his only tiebreaker, and has one pin, which came against Limestone College on January 15, this season. University of Indianapolis' Alex Johns is atop Division II's most dominant with an average of 4.5714.
The Most Dominant Wrestler standings are calculated by adding the total number of points awarded through match results and dividing that number by the total number of matches wrestled. Points awarded per match are as follows:
*Fall, forfeit, injury default or DQ = 6 points (-6 points for a loss)
*Tech falls = 5 points (-5 points for a loss)
* Major decision = 4 points (-4 points for a loss)
*Decision = 3 points (-3 points for a loss)
In the fall standings, Jones ranks seventh and Spencer is 10th. Jones, a sophomore from Alabaster, Ala., is 10-6 on the season and has recorded seven falls this season at 165 pounds. A redshirt junior from Indianapolis, Ind., Spencer has registered six falls this season at 133 pounds. He also has an overall record of 19-5. Edwin Cooper of Upper Iowa University is the nation's leader with eight falls this season.
The Tornado are in action again on Saturday when they travel to Newberry College for the Super Region II Duals on Saturday. King will face University of Findlay at 10:30 a.m., Indianapolis at 12:00 p.m., Tiffin University at 3:00 p.m., and Shippensbrug University at 4:30 p.m.


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One Pennsylvania team down, one to go for the Cincinnati Bengals.
Andy Dalton threw one touchdown pass and ran for another score, an opportunistic defense forced five turnovers and the Cincinnati Bengals beat the Philadelphia Eagles 34-13 Thursday night.
The Bengals (8-6) took a half-game lead over the Pittsburgh Steelers (7-6) for the last playoff spot in the AFC. But their game at Pittsburgh next week is far more important in the standings than this one.
The Bengals would clinch their second straight playoff berth with a win over the Steelers if Pittsburgh loses to Dallas this Sunday. A loss to the Steelers, though, would likely ruin Cincinnati's chances.
The Eagles' season was lost a long time ago. They fell to 4-10, losing double-digit games for the first time since 2005.
(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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For The Moment
Love It/Hate It: Man Buns
Love It/Hate It: Man Buns
Juice Box
With both the holidays and finals approaching, FM is combining our traditional Jukebox and Drinky Drink features into a tasty Juice Box. Pour yourself a drink to help you get through your projects, papers, and predicaments while still getting into the holiday spirit—no straw required.
Hate It: Snapchat
When I first heard about Snapchat, one thought came to mind: dick pics.
Love It: Snapchat
For those who fear immortalized images, Snapchat is the perfect app.
FM Gift Guide
It's that time of year again. The Christmas lights are up, the red and green sweaters are out, and stores everywhere are throwing year-end sales. Haven't you bought your gifts yet? No need to fret. FM's got you covered.
Tell Me a Story: Joseph A. Fabiano
This week, FM searched Harvard's halls for a story from the lives of the men and women who make the university run smoothly from day to day. Fabiano, a security guard, has been employed by Securitas for 10 years. FM simply asked him to tell a story.
How to Get a Date to Formal in the Style of...
Listen, college girl, the formal is on Saturday. The world is 50 percent men, 50 percent women. I'll probably only meet a small portion of that number, but since you and I have a class together, we're going to date because that's how this world works.
Harvard Food Fights
Harvard has been getting angry about food lately.
Weather Report: Rating the Clouds in Cloud Atlas
With another hot flick about clouds hitting the big screen this fall, FM took the opportunity to cast a critical eye on clouds featured in the new motion picture "Cloud Atlas."
The Crimson Weatherboard's Weekly Weather Review
It's not easy to admit it when you're wrong. It's not easy to do one armed pull ups.
A Strongly Worded Open Letter to the President of the United States
It's been a day, Mr. President, but you have yet to fulfill any of your so-called "campaign promises."
On Saturday, They Shimmied: Scenes from Campus Nightlife
FM sends the weekend at Sigma Chi and in cages in Winthrop Dining Hall. The Harvard social scene has never felt so...classy.
Venn Diagram: No Shave November and National Novel Writing Month
Both: Sometimes done with a group, Product comes from within...
Good Trend Alert: Spikeball
The first few games are uneventful; rules are learned and mistakes made. But soon things start to change.


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USD 8.68/piece USD 39.98/piece USD 15.98/piece USD 8.98/piece USD 15.98/piece USD 28.98/piece USD 29.98/piece USD 26.98/piece
product description:
Knife Type: small straight knife
Overall length: 20.5cm
Blade length:9.0cm
Blade thick:0.2cm
Blade material:C100
Weight: 109.5g
Other:With color box
mini straighting knife pure handmade, high quality
High grade small knife, make you more noble
Buy a knife choose Baby tiger outdoor store, new products, cheap, quality, there are many new products on the shelves of every day, collection shops and commodities, in order to know more outdoor products information.
1. We accept alipay here.
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2. We shipped the pack by China Post Air Mail with tracking number.
3. The trade is cross-border and Airmail is cheapest post way, so it'll take a long time for delivery.
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Late Reflections
Monnie Ryan 8/31/2012 11:27:14 AMYou got lucky on the no-ticket thing!! Absolutely gorgeous scene - well worth taking a chance! #1483713
Julianne Bradford 8/31/2012 11:47:10 AMThanks Monnie! #10301582
Susan Gallagher 8/31/2012 11:49:00 AMWow. Such beautiful light in the sky and in the reflections in the water. The starburst effects of the lights on the pier really enhance the image too. #10301587
Mary Alston 8/31/2012 11:52:58 AMBeautiful colors and reflections and a great story too! #10301591
Tammy M. Anderson 8/31/2012 12:27:10 PMExcellent clarity, depth, light and capture. Beautiful! #10301643
Tammy Espino 8/31/2012 12:53:43 PMLOL Your lucky!! I always carry a roll of quarters with me when I visit CA :) Glad you ran and got this beautiful capture!!! #10301699
Kathy Salerni 9/2/2012 3:12:39 PMBoy, your running paid off, Julianne! This is absolutely gorgeous!, #10305685
Susan M. Campbell 9/3/2012 8:13:42 AMYou guys sure do get some beautiful sunsets out your way. This is gorgeous. #10306549
JO ANN CLEVELAND 9/24/2012 10:01:46 AMCongrats on this great finalist Julianne!
jo ann c. #10335805
Donna La Mattino Pagakis 9/24/2012 10:39:42 AMGorgeous light, colors and reflections. Another great finalist Julianne. WTG! #10335969
Leslie McLain 9/24/2012 10:48:48 AMCongrats on a stunning finalist, Julianne. #10336010
Terry Cervi 9/24/2012 11:24:00 AMCongrats on your stunning finalist, Julianne! #10336122
Tammy Espino 9/24/2012 12:00:33 PMCongrats on this wonderful beach scenery, Julianne!! #10336304
Stefania Barbier 9/24/2012 12:21:21 PMcongratulations on your gorgeous finalist!!! #10336364
Wm Nosal 9/24/2012 1:01:57 PM:) Cool Image Julianne!
Kathy Salerni 9/24/2012 2:31:14 PMBig congrats on your well deserved Finalist, Julianne! #10337249
Randy D. Dinkins 9/24/2012 2:43:42 PMGreat shot, congratulations!! #10337331
Ellen Hodges 9/24/2012 2:45:29 PMHuge congrats and very best luck with your beautiful finalists, Julianne! Glad you didn't get the ticket either!! #10337341
The Judges at BetterPhoto.com 9/24/2012 2:56:04 PMNice sunburst effect on these lights and beautiful sunset. #10337427
Julianne Bradford 9/24/2012 3:10:52 PMThank you so much for your kind words! They encourage and inspire me :-) #10337495
Susan M. Campbell 9/24/2012 4:24:08 PMSo beautiful. Congrats Julianne. I am working out of town, so I am behind on commenting. #10337851
Joannie Bertucci 9/24/2012 4:56:46 PMPositively stunning image Julianne! Congrats on your finalist and now for the gold! #10338017
Patrick Rouzes 9/24/2012 6:58:20 PMBig Congrats, Julianne! Amazing finallist & work!
Usman M. Bajwa 9/24/2012 8:23:13 PMWonderful colors and comp, Julliane. CONGRATZ on a terrific Finalist and good luck up next!
Linda L. Ruiz 9/24/2012 8:42:17 PMThis is a beauty. Huge congrats #10339096
Michele Peterson 9/24/2012 9:08:26 PMLove the image and the story! The ticket would have been worth it, this is beautiful. Congratulations! #10339174
Naomi Weiser 9/24/2012 10:28:40 PMlove the sparkly lights, congrats! #10339340
Katarina Mansson 9/25/2012 3:39:14 AMCongratulations on your beautiful finalists this month Juliane! #10339610
Karen K. Givens 9/25/2012 4:59:17 AMBeautiful, congratulations on your finalists. #10339755
Mitch Spence 9/25/2012 10:02:33 AMSparkle times ten, Julianne. Congratulations to you. #10340465
Christopher Budny 9/25/2012 12:39:50 PMCongratulations on such a wonderful finalist---and not getting a ticket, to make it! #10340897
Julianne Bradford 9/25/2012 2:11:38 PMThanks so much!!!! #10341068
Richard B. Hallick 9/25/2012 8:19:46 PMBeautiful sunset. Congratulaltions. The colors and composition are wonderful. #10341588
Boyd L. Alexander 9/26/2012 6:31:34 AMWonderful colors, lighting, reflections and composition..just beautiful. Congratulations Julianne on this terrific finalist! #10342125
Errick L. Cameron 9/27/2012 8:45:56 AMNow I am thinking of the beach! 14 more days!
Ann H. Belus 9/27/2012 10:54:14 AMCongratulations on this beautiful finalist, Julianne! #10343658
Mary Beth Aiello 9/27/2012 12:28:01 PMPerfection, Julianne. Perhaps a ticket would have been worth it. Glad you didn't get one -- and huge congrats on this beautiful finalist. #10343725
Merna L. Nobile 9/27/2012 12:39:44 PMI heard the good news and could not be happier for you! CONGRATULATIONS, Merna #10343748
Carol Quina 9/27/2012 10:41:50 PMBeautiful shot Julianne! Congratulations on the finalist! #10344363
Julianne Bradford 9/28/2012 8:08:31 AMThanks for all your great comments! #10344869
August 28th 2012
I raced to the beach to catch the tail end of the sunset
ran around the other side of the pier
when I couldn't find change for the parking meter
Caught just the tail end of the reflections :-)
Then ran back to the car..no ticket yay!
Exif: F Number: 20, Exposure Bias Value: 0.00, ExposureTime: 1/15 seconds, Flash: did not fire, compulsory flash mode, ISO: 5000, White balance: Auto white balance, FocalLength: 18.00 mm, Model: Canon EOS 7D
Uploaded on 8/31/2012 10:49:59 AM
Camera: Canon EOS 7D Digital SLR Camera
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Julianne Bradford. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
Log in to follow or message this photographer or report this photo.


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Experience the glory days of rail travel with Essex Steam Train & River Boats, featuring authentic steam trains and the Becky Thatcher River Boat.
The best part of steam train travel is the 1920's dining cars: The Meriden (1924), and The Wallingford(1927).
The Meriden was rescued by the Valley Railroad Company from its work train service, and restored as a 54-seat dining car.
The Wallingford was a 36-seat parlor car for the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad before it was purchased by the Valley Railroad Company in 1978.
The Becky Thatcher River Boat is a '70 Mississippi-style river boat, has three decks and holds 220 for sightseeing, or 150 for a cocktail reception, or 60 for a sit-down dinner.
Guests of the Becky Thatcher arrive for departure on vintage train coaches pulled by a diesel locomotive.
Finally, make sure to pay a visit during your travels to the Gillette Castle State Park in Hadlyme.
The Gillette Castle is one of Connecticut's most famous destinations; it served as the home of William Gillette, known for his stage portrayal of Sherlock Holmes.
Connection is available to hikers on the operating days of the Essex Steam Train & River Boat.
Website: www.essexsteamtrain.com
Phone: (860) 767-0103
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Train & Boat:
-Adults: $26
-Children(ages 2-11): $13
-Children under 2: FREE
Train Ride Only:
-Adults: $17
-Children: $9
-Children under 2: FREE
Parlor Car:
-Adults: +$5
-Children: +$5
Open Car:
-Adults: +$3
-Children: +$3
-Adults: +$5
-Children: +$5
The Essex Clipper Dinner Train:
Cost: $70
Phone: (1-800) 377-3987
Becky Thatcher River Boat:
Cost: $3,000f for a 3.5 hour charter service, including the round-trip train ride to the Becky Thatcher.
Phone: (800) 377-3987


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We're pleased to report that six new acts have been added to the Acoustic Stage's line-up. They are: The Zac Brown Band, Gypsy Queens, Steve Forbert, Gretchen Peters and The Bootleg Beatles, plus Jake Bugg (who's also appearing on the Pyramid Stage, so doesn't feature on the Acoustic Stage's poster line-up above).
For more information on the Acoustis Stage's 2013 plans and artists, heads to their Area Page.
For the full 2013 line-up so far, click here.


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Getting Outside My Comfort Zone
Added Jan 20, 2011
by lazylinchen
Jyväskylä, Finland
My new year's resolution was to wear different colours than usual for me (I'm a fairly blue and grey girl). So, since yellow is something I never wear, I bought this yellow boiled wool when visiting family in Rome.
When I got home I pre-washed my fabric. I figured "well, it's boiled wool, so I can easily wash it at 40°C"… erm… no… It shrank and I had just enough left to make the skirt without hemming (luckily the wool doesn't ravel).
To be sure the skirt was going to fit I made a muslin first, which is the grey skirt, made with some leftover scraps from my Cozy Winter Skirt.
Both skirts are not hemmed because of lack of fabric. Also they're a tad shorter than I usually wear, but with some opaque tights or leggins I'll probably feel covered enough.
I think the yellow looks great combined with the lilac coloured shirt. Definitely a good decision to try new things!
The grey one is perfectly wearable and a great basic.
Pattern from Burda magazine 12/2010 #123. Very easy! I liked the high waist and that the darts are on the side instead of at the top.
Material Notes
yellow boiled wool, grey stretch wool, two zippers from my Grandma's stash (taken from old garments)
1 Comment Sign in to add a post
Jan 20, 2011, 10.16 PMby aceshey18
Great job, they look as if they fit really well. I like the yellow, and the exposed zip works with it. x
Add to Favorites 2 people added it


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(WMC-TV) – A teenage girl falls in love with a vampire and the world goes bonkers over the Twilight movie series. Now the tabloids across the pond are painting a former Memphis college of art student a "nutter" for her plans to marry a cardboard cutout of the star.
"I'm definitely not used to this level of attention but I'm really pleased with it," said Memphis College of Art graduate Lauren Adkins. "It's been kind of a shock."
Adkins is making a big splash with her art project, her thesis for her masters at the University of Las Vegas.
"It's a theatrical performance in which I'll be marrying Edward Cullen," Adkins said.
It will actually be a cardboard cutout of the lead character in the enormously popular Twilight movies, featuring vampire Edward Cullen. His cut out will be at the altar with Adkins at a Las Vegas Chapel. There will be guests and a reception. Just like a real wedding.
"She was always known to challenge female stereotypes when she was here so this is on a grander scale," said Haley Morris-Cafiero, Memphis College of Art.
The wedding is performance art that has gone a bit haywire after the UK tabloids left out the fact that it is an art project.
"They are rewriting the story on their own volition to fit their perceived idea of this crazy female fanatic," Adkins said.
The wedding is performance art with a social comment on how the media shapes people's ideas.
Adkins said Edward Cullen represents an ideal many girls and women want of a protector. The character is inhumanly handsome, supportive, and possessive.
Lauren Adkins plans to marry the cardboard cutout of Edward Cullen January 26.
We'll let you know what grade she gets on her thesis.
Copyright 2012 WMC-TV. All rights reserved.


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Water Temperature for Different Teas
Now that I finally have an accurate thermometer for measuring water temperature for teas, I am wondering what water temperature or range do you start with for basic kinds of tea (oolong, green, and white – I know black and herbals are boiling or just below it). I know that sometimes you have to adjust the temperature by trial and error to find the best one for any given particular tea. But I am just looking for a starting place. The numbers I'm finding on the web are all over the place (esp. for oolongs). Thanks ya'll.
Not all types of tea are created equal. I'm not sure if it's true of other types of teas from other regions, but Japanese greens have unique temps (as well as leaf amounts and water volume. Den's Tea has great pamphlet they give you w/ their sampler, here are the temps:
Premium Gyokuro: 140 (degrees F)
Premium Sencha, Sencha, Premium Fukamushi-Sencha, Gyokuro: 160
Fukamush-Sencha, Mecha, Guricha: 180
Bancha, Gen mai cha, Houjicha: Boiling (Although after reading that boiling water shoots the health benefits in the tea cup I think I'll go just barely below boiling ~205-210.)
This is not; however and unfortunately, a compelte list of Japanese greens. I know Kukicha is one the pamphlet is missing so check www.densetea.com for steeping parameters on other Japanese greens.
P.S. Does anyone know how to put the degree symbol in posts?
Thanks Cofftea. Japanese teas seem to be your fav? Matcha is Japanese, right?
Matcha is definitely Japanese:) Matcha is my favorite, and I suspect always will be- largely in part to drinking it from a bowl lol. Japanese greens right now are my complusion, I think that's a better word than favorite. It all started w/ Den's. I ordered my matcha set from them expecting nothing more, but then I found out that each sub category of Japanese greens are steeped differently, now I'm completely obsessed w/ learning everything I can about how each tea is prepared in their native regions.
I always love those small burst of passion to know more about a particular subject.
Cofftea, if you hit start and click on run (assuming you're on windows, that is) and type charmap. All the little weird symbols can be found there. Or just copy and paste: °
Cofftea, you can use the HTML entity for degree.
° will produce °
140°F will produce 140°F.
Being new to this site I did note the temperature postings for some teas. I was almost terrified that my budding addiction was nothing more than a blossoming faux pas in the universe of teas! My tea lab consists of a simple strainer, sauce pot and stove… I flip on the burner and wait for the pot to start tap-dancing, not boiling, with the leaves safely swirling in the strainer perched atop the pot.
When away from the lair, I tote about my Libre tea glass which is always a crowd pleaser. Fantastic portable aquarium for viewing the lifespan of flowering teas.
I see I shall have to proceed down a more scientific path! :)
I'm on the scientific path! Come walk with me, Alicia.