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Cognitive Approaches to Foreign Policy Analysis
Aaron Rapport
Cognitive theory encompasses mental activities such as the observation of different stimuli in an environment; the memorization and recall of information; pattern recognition and problem representation; and complex activities like social judgments, analytic reasoning, and learning. Cognitive psychology also highlights the constraints that prevent individuals from acting as utility-maximizing, fully rational decision-makers. These constraints lead people to rely on a regularly occurring set of cognitive mechanisms to simplify the decision-making process.
Scholars of foreign policy have drawn from several prominent areas of cognitive psychology to inform their research. One such area looks at the beliefs and belief systems that are the building blocks for most judgments. Researchers have also examined how actors use cognitive biases and heuristics to cope with uncertainty, which is abundant in foreign policy settings. An important set of cognitive mechanisms examined in Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) relates to judgments about policy risks and costs. Factors that facilitate and inhibit learning are crucial for understanding the conditions under which such judgments may improve over time. No cognitive process operates in a vacuum; instead these processes are moderated by an individual's group context and emotions.
There are several challenges in applying cognitive theory to FPA. Such theories are biased toward populations that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. They are usually first tested using controlled experiments that measure group-level differences; whereas FPA scholars are often interested in the cognitive processes of individual leaders operating in chaotic environments. Individual-level psychological mechanisms may augment or offset one another, as well as interact with variables at the governmental, societal, and international levels of analysis in unpredictable ways. In light of these challenges, FPA scholars who employ cognitive psychology may wish to conceive of their enterprise as a historical science rather than a predictive one.
Counterfactuals and Foreign Policy Analysis
Richard Ned Lebow
Counterfactuals seek to alter some feature or event of the pass and by means of a chain of causal logic show how the present might, or would, be different. Counterfactual inquiry—or control of counterfactual situations—is essential to any causal claim. More importantly, counterfactual thought experiments are essential, to the construction of analytical frameworks. Policymakers routinely use then by to identify problems, work their way through problems, and select responses. Good foreign-policy analysis must accordingly engage and employ counterfactuals.
There are two generic types of counterfactuals: minimal-rewrite counterfactuals and miracle counterfactuals. They have relevance when formulating propositions and probing contingency and causation. There is also a set of protocols for using both kinds of counterfactuals toward these ends, and it illustrates the uses and protocols with historical examples. Policymakers invoke counterfactuals frequently, especially with regard to foreign policy, to both choose policies and defend them to key constituencies. They use counterfactuals in a haphazard and unscientific manner, and it is important to learn more about how they think about and employ counterfactuals to understand foreign policy.
Emotions in Foreign Policy Decision Making
Rose McDermott
There are lots of ways that emotions have been studied in psychology and various ways that their use has been examined in the context of foreign policy. Perhaps one of the most useful ways to examine the influence of emotion on foreign policy is through the lens of risk and threat assessment. Some approaches to emotion tend to categorize emotions as valence-based, in terms of broad-based positivity or negativity. Certainly, elements of this kind of approach can be useful, particularly in terms of thinking about the ways in which political conservatives appear to have a negativity bias. However, an investigation of discrete emotions allows a more sophisticated and nuanced exploration of the effect of emotion on risk analysis and threat assessment, in particular the effect of fear, anger, and disgust on decision-making under conditions of risky threat. Genetic, as well as environmental, circumstances can influence individual variance in the experience and expression of such emotions, and any comprehensive approach to understanding the influence of emotion on decision-making should take all these factors into account.
Foreign Policy Learning
Guy Ziv
An improved understanding of foreign policy learning necessitates a clarification of what foreign policy learning is, who learns, and how such learning occurs. Cognitive and social psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists situated in a variety of subfields have contributed to the understanding of foreign policy learning, a multidisciplinary area of inquiry. Learning theorists seek to show how a change in an actor's beliefs due to experience or observation can lead to changes at other units, such as organizations and within the government. This cognitive dimension is important because actors may pursue a new course of action for politically expedient reasons rather than having genuinely "learned"—a distinction referred to as "complex" vs. "simple" learning.
Foreign policy learning can be internal or external. The former type of learning entails what individuals, governments, or organizations learn from their prior experience. Learning theorists who focus on the individual level of analysis borrow insights from political psychology in an effort to shed light on the personal characteristics, the belief structures, and the cognitive psychological mechanisms of political actors that can better inform policymaking. Leaders whose cognitive structures are described as relatively open and complex—like Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, whose learning brought about the dramatic changes that ultimately led to the demise of the Soviet Union—are more likely to alter their beliefs than their cognitively closed and simple counterparts.
Yet external learning occurs as well. Policy diffusion studies show that learning can result from demonstration effects. Foreign policy learning via diffusion is not instrumental, but instead occurs through osmosis. Privatization in the former communist states, China's Foreign Direct Investment liberalization, and the diffusion of environmental norms in the European Union are examples of learning that is contagious, not chosen. A more conscious mode of learning than diffusion is policy transfer, which entails policymakers' transferring ideas from one country and implementing them in another. Technological innovations, unlike lessons that involve political ideology, are generally easier lessons to transfer—for example, Japan's success in applying lessons from the West to modernize its army in the second half of the 19th century.
The constraints to foreign policy learning are formidable. Decision makers are not always open to reconsidering views that challenge their beliefs. Leaders tend to resort to, and misuse, analogies that prevent learning. Even a change in a decision maker's beliefs may not lead to foreign policy change, given the myriad political pressures, bureaucratic hurdles, and economic realities that often get in the way of implementing new ideas. Indeed, foreign policy learning and foreign policy change are not synonymous.
Scholars face significant obstacles in studying foreign policy learning. There is no consensus on the definition of learning, on what constitutes learning, on how actors learn, when they learn, or on how to assess whether learning has taken place. Despite attempts to make sense of the confusion, scholars face the daunting challenge of improving understanding of how learning is shaped and funneled through the interaction of agents and the structures in which they are situated, as well as the relationship between learning and foreign policy change.
Leaders and Foreign Policy: Surveying the Evidence
Stephen Benedict Dyson and Thomas Briggs
Political Science accounts of international politics downplay the role of political leaders, and a survey of major journals reveals that fewer than 3% of all articles focus on leaders. This is in stark contrast to public discourse about politics, where leadership influence over events is regarded as a given.
This article suggests that, at a minimum, leaders occupy a space in fully specified chains of causality as the aggregators of material and ideational forces, and the transmitters of those forces into authoritative political action. Further, on occasion a more important role is played by the leader: as a crucial causal variable aggregating material and ideational energies in an idiosyncratic fashion and thereby shaping decisions and outcomes.
The majority of the article is devoted to surveying the comparatively small literature on political leaders within International Relations scholarship. The article concludes by inviting our colleagues to be receptive to the idiosyncrasies, as well as the regularities, of statespersonship.
Political Psychology of Foreign Policy
David Houghton
For over 60 years, scholars of international relations (IR) and foreign policy have focused intermittently on the psychology of leaders and decision-makers in general, but attention has waxed and waned. Within political science, interest in the psychology of foreign policy seems to have peaked in the early 1970s and mid-1980s, but it would be quite mistaken to think of the topic as somehow passé. Since that time, the work of Irving Janis on groupthink (to cite just one instance) has proved repeatedly useful. That approach has focused on the social psychology of foreign policy, although more attention has been directed in recent years toward individual or cognitive psychology. Cognitive consistency theory, schema theory, and analogical reasoning have all particularly influenced the field, and each continues to provide the analyst with vital clues as to why people make the decisions that they do.
The methodology of studying foreign policy psychologically has also undergone significant change. Reacting to the strongly positivist focus typified by James Rosenau, a more recent generation of scholars have become rather more eclectic and dynamic in their approach to studying how foreign policy is made. This generation has also produced an extraordinary range of theories, discussed in this article, which depart from or significantly modify the well-known Rational Actor Model (RAM) of state and leadership behavior. Prospect theory, and poliheuristic theory in particular, have come onto the scene in recent years. Most recently, a welcome and much-needed turn toward the study of emotion (as opposed to merely cognition) has been especially evident in the study of the psychology of foreign policy.
It has never been clear exactly where foreign policy theory fits within IR theory, and it has often been treated as an addendum to studying IR—and even an element of unnecessary complexity—rather than being absolutely central to what we study. Indeed, the study of foreign policy decision-making (FPDM) has acquired a reputation as a discipline that is merely "marking time." But this perspective on the psychology of foreign policy is as wrong as it is analytically dangerous. Attempts to create IR and foreign policy theories that conspicuously leave out psychological variables—or that simply "assume away" how real individuals actually behave—have proven repeatedly insufficient and have led to marked changes in the way that psychology is treated within the study of foreign policy. Most notably, the rise of constructivism and the failure of overly systemic theories like neorealism to account for foreign policy outcomes have caused neoclassical realists to deliberately incorporate the psychology of decision-makers into their theories. Within the discipline of psychology, meanwhile, a whole new field called behavioral economics that rejects the simplifying assumptions of a rational choice perspective has sprung up in recent years. In short, knowledge of psychology has proved invaluable to those attempting to understand why leaders make the decisions they do, and the entire approach remains indispensable to those who study foreign policy in general.
Pro-Government Militias and Conflict
Sabine C. Carey and Neil J. Mitchell
Pro-government militias are a prominent feature of civil wars. Governments in Colombia, Syria, and Sudan recruit irregular forces in their armed struggle against insurgents. The United States collaborated with Awakening groups to counter the insurgency in Iraq, just as colonizers used local armed groups to fight rebellions in their colonies. An emerging cross-disciplinary literature on pro-government non-state armed groups generates a variety of research questions for scholars interested in conflict, political violence, and political stability: Does the presence of such groups indicate a new type of conflict? What are the dynamics that drive governments to align with informal armed groups and that make armed groups choose to side with the government? Given the risks entailed in surrendering a monopoly of violence, is there a turning point in a conflict when governments enlist these groups? How successful are these groups? Why do governments use these non-state armed actors to shape foreign conflicts whether as insurgents or counterinsurgents abroad? Are these non-state armed actors always useful to governments or perhaps even an indicator for state failure?
We examine the demand for and supply of pro-government armed groups and the legacies that shape their role in civil wars. The enduring pattern of collaboration between governments and these armed non-state actors challenges conventional theory and the idea of an evolutionary process of the modern state consolidating the means of violence. Research on these groups and their consequences began with case studies, and these continue to yield valuable insights. More recently, survey work and cross-national quantitative research contribute to our knowledge. This mix of methods is opening new lines of inquiry for research on insurgencies and the delivery of the core public good of effective security.
Role Theory in Foreign Policy
Marijke Breuning
Role theory first emerged as an approach to the study of foreign policy with the seminal work of Holsti, who argued that decision makers' conceptions of their state's role on the world stage influenced that state's foreign policy behavior. Holsti's approach was ahead of its time. The potential of role theory to contribute to the agent-structure debate has not always been appreciated. In fact, early research employing role theory often maintained a close connection to structural theories of international relations, especially among U.S.-based scholars.
In the last decade or so, there has been a renewed interest in role theory that differs from earlier work in that it more clearly connects with psychological approaches to foreign policy analysis. It also takes more seriously the domestic sources of role theory through inquiry into horizontal and vertical role contestation. Much of this new work intersects with constructivism, although it remains grounded in empiricism.
As foreign policy analysis increasingly seeks to understand the foreign policies of a broader array of states—including smaller states that face significant constraints on their ability to act in the international arena—role theory provides an attractive framework. Its focus on decision makers' conceptions of their state's role in international politics enhances the ability to make sense of the foreign policies of a wider array of states in the global arena. In essence, role theory allows foreign policy analysis to move beyond a U.S.-centric or global-north-centric field to become more broadly comparative.
Social Identity Theory: Status and Identity in International Relations
Deborah Welch Larson
Social identity theory (SIT) from social psychology provides a means to explore the influence of identity and status concerns on foreign policy. The theory argues that groups are motivated to achieve a positively distinctive identity. Groups compare themselves to a similar but slightly higher reference group. Inferiority on important dimensions may lead to the adoption of an identity management strategy: social mobility (emulating the higher-status group to gain admission), social competition (striving to equal or surpass the dominant group), or social creativity (revaluing an ostensibly negative characteristic as positive or identifying an alternative dimension on which the group is superior).
Applied to international relations, states may pursue social mobility by emulating the values and practices of higher-status states in order to be admitted to a higher standing, much as Eastern Europe did in seeking admission into the European Union after the end of the Cold War. If elite groups are impermeable to new members, and the status hierarchy is perceived to be unstable or illegitimate, aspiring powers may engage in social competition, which usually entails territorial conquest and military displays. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union sought to catch up with and surpass the capitalist states. If elite clubs are not permeable, but the status hierarchy is stable, states may seek status through social creativity—either reframing a negative trait as positive or seeking preeminence in a domain apart from geopolitical competition. Social creativity may entail creating new international institutions, promoting new norms, or engaging in major diplomatic initiatives in order to increase the state's prestige.
Research applying SIT to international relations has addressed the question of whether anarchy necessarily leads to conflict between states, the diffusion of values, the selection of an identity discourse on the domestic level, and state efforts at moral leadership.
Critics have charged that SIT does not clearly predict which identity management strategy will be chosen in a given situation. From a realist perspective, the selection of a strategy for enhancing a state's status is constrained by geographic position, size, and natural endowments. But this argument does not take into consideration the availability of social mobility and social creativity as ways to achieve status that do not depend on relative military power.
Symbolic Politics as International Relations Theory
Stuart J. Kaufman
The symbolic politics theory of ethnic war starts from the insight that most political behavior is not rational but intuitive, driven by "symbolic predispositions" such as ideological beliefs, normative values, and prejudice. The way leaders lead is by using rhetoric not to appeal rationally to followers' interests but to appeal emotionally to their symbolic predispositions.
According to symbolic politics theory, the path to ethnic conflict begins with group narratives that are hostile to another group. These narratives help to generate hostile and prejudiced symbolic predispositions. If group members perceive a social threat, such as to their group identity or status, they become more likely to join mass movements agitating for a politics of redistribution—discriminating in favor of their own group at the expense of rival groups. If people feel physically threatened, they become more likely to support a politics of protection leading to violent ethnic conflict. These popular attitudes and moods are turned into social movements or military mobilization if aggressive leaders emerge, framing political issues in terms of these threats, and if those leaders are both credible and supported by effective organizations. A series of case studies has demonstrated that this process—from narratives to prejudice and threat perceptions, harnessed by leadership and organization—is what occurred in ten ethnic civil wars, including the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Israel-Palestine, and the Philippines. The theory also explains less violent cases such as Gandhi's nationalist movement in India.
This theory is hypothesized to apply to international war, as the politics of national identity is similar to the politics of ethnic identity. The theory also suggests a way of reconciling realist, liberal, and constructivist accounts of international relations through political psychology and a scientific realist ontology.
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text:
This post will cover how to debug test scripts (and their equivlent
production code) of the Ruby programming language's
RSpec framework using an interactive
debugger, which was a problem I've
ran into lately when working on some Ruby code. Most of the other posts I
found about the topic were either incomplete or out-of-date, but I got
some help from #ruby-lang on Freenode, so I was able to figure it
What you should do is:
install the ruby-debug gem: gem install ruby-debug.
Add require 'ruby-debug' to the top of the test script.
Add a debugger statement to lines where you want to place a
breakpoint. This is important because otherwise the debugger will never
stop. (I am unhappy with it.)
Use the --debug flag in rspec:
rspec --debug t/parse-board.rb.
After doing all that it worked for me, so now I'm happy.
The text is copyrighted by Shlomi Fish, and is made available under
the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 Unported (or at
your option, any later version). In order to attribute the text to me (=
Shlomi Fish), please link
page and to my homepage.

subset: commoncrawl


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Vinorelbine and carboplatin is a chemotherapy treatment used to treat non-small cell lung cancer.
This information is best read with our general information about chemotherapy and the type of cancer you have.
The drugs used in this treatment are:
You usually have vinorelbine and carboplatin in the chemotherapy day unit or during a short stay in hospital. A chemotherapy nurse will give it to you. During treatment you usually see a cancer doctor, a chemotherapy nurse or a specialist nurse. This is who we mean when we mention doctor or nurse in this information.
Before or on the day of treatment, a nurse or person trained to take blood (phlebotomist) will take a blood sample from you. This is to check that it is okay for you to have chemotherapy.
You will also see a doctor or nurse before you have chemotherapy. They will ask you about how you have been. If your blood results are alright on the day of your treatment, the pharmacist will prepare your chemotherapy. Your nurse will tell you when your treatment is likely to be ready.
Your nurse will give you anti-sickness (anti-emetic) drugs, and sometimes a steroid, as an injection into a vein or as tablets. They give you the drugs and chemotherapy through one of the following:
Your nurse gives you vinorelbine (a colourless or very pale yellow fluid) as a drip (infusion). This takes about 5 to 10 minutes. After this, they give you carboplatin (a colourless fluid) as a drip for 30 to 60 minutes. They usually run the drip through a pump, which gives you the treatment over a set time.
Some people might have side effects while they are having the chemotherapy.
If you have pain along your vein while having chemotherapy, tell your nurse straight away. They will check your drip site and slow the drip to ease the pain.
If this happens when you're having vinorelbine, it can damage the tissue around the vein. This is called extravasation. Tell the nurse straight away if you have any stinging, pain, redness or swelling around the vein. Extravasation is not common but if it happens it's important that it's dealt with quickly.
If you get any of these symptoms after you get home, contact the doctor or nurse straight away on the number they gave you.
Rarely, carboplatin may cause an allergic reaction while it's being given. Your nurse will check you for this. If you have a reaction, they will treat it quickly. Signs of a reaction can include:
Tell your nurse straight away if you have any of these symptoms.
You have chemotherapy as a course of several sessions (or cycles) of treatment over a few months. Each cycle of vinorelbine and carboplatin takes 21 days (three weeks).
On day one, you have vinorelbine and carboplatin. One week later, on day eight, you have another dose of vinorelbine. You will then have a rest period with no chemotherapy from days nine to 21. This completes one cycle of chemotherapy.
At the end of the 21 days, you start your second cycle of treatment. This is exactly the same as the first cycle. You have up to six cycles over 18 weeks. Your doctor or nurse will tell you the number of cycles you are likely to have.
Vinorelbine can also be taken by mouth as a capsule.
Before you leave hospital, the nurse or pharmacist will give you the capsules to take at home. Always take your capsules exactly as explained. This is important to make sure they work as well as possible for you. You should swallow the capsules whole, with water, after a meal.
Vinorelbine capsules are more likely to make you feel sick than having it through a drip. There is more information about the side effects you may have in the next section.
If you are sick just after taking the capsules, contact the hospital. You should not take another dose. If you forget to take a capsule, do not take a double dose. Keep to your regular schedule and let your doctor or nurse know.
Other things to remember about your capsules:
Before you go home, the nurse or pharmacist will give you anti-sickness (anti-emetic) drugs to take. They may also give you anti-diarrhoea tablets if you need them. Take all your tablets exactly as they have explained to you.
We explain the most common side effects of your treatment here. But we don't include all the rare ones that are unlikely to affect you. You may get some of the side effects we mention but you are very unlikely to get all of them.
Always tell your doctor or nurse about the side effects you have. Your doctor can prescribe drugs to help control some of these. It is very important to take the drugs exactly as your nurse or pharmacist has explained. This means they will be more likely to work better for you.
Your nurse will give you advice about managing your side effects. After your treatment is over, the side effects will start to improve.
Sometimes cancer drugs can result in very serious side effects, which rarely may be life-threatening. Your cancer doctor and nurse can explain the risk of these side effects to you.
Your nurse will give you telephone numbers for the hospital. You can call them if you feel unwell or need advice any time day or night. Save these numbers in your phone or keep them somewhere safe.
We're not able to list every side effect for this treatment here, particularly the rarer ones. For more detailed information you can visit the electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC).
Chemotherapy can reduce the number of white blood cells in your blood. This will make you more likely to get an infection. When the number of white blood cells is low, it's called neutropenia.
Contact the hospital straight away on the contact number you've been given if:
The number of white blood cells usually increases steadily and returns to normal before your next treatment. You will have a blood test before having more chemotherapy. If your white blood cells are still low, your doctor may delay your treatment for a short time.
This treatment can reduce the number of platelets in your blood. Platelets are cells that help the blood to clot. Tell your doctor if you have any bruising or bleeding you can't explain. This includes nosebleeds, bleeding gums, blood spots or rashes on the skin. Some people may need a drip to give them extra platelets.
Vinorelbine and carboplatin can reduce the number of red blood cells in your blood. These cells carry oxygen around the body. If the number of red blood cells is low, you may be tired and breathless. Tell your doctor or nurse if you feel like this. If you are very anaemic, you may need a drip to give you extra red blood cells (blood transfusion).
This may happen in the first few days after chemotherapy. Your doctor will prescribe anti-sickness (anti-emetic) drugs to help prevent or control sickness. Take the drugs exactly as your nurse or pharmacist explains to you. It's easier to prevent sickness than to treat it after it has started.
If you still feel sick or are vomiting, contact the hospital as soon as possible. They can give you advice and change the anti-sickness drug to one that works better for you.
Some anti-sickness drugs can make you constipated. Tell your doctor or nurse if this is a problem.
Vinorelbine may make you constipated. Drinking at least two litres (three and a half pints) of fluids every day will help. Try to eat more foods that contain fibre (such as fruit, vegetables and wholemeal bread) and do some regular, gentle exercise.
Your doctor can prescribe drugs to control diarrhoea. Let them know if it is severe or if it doesn't get better. Make sure you drink at least two litres (three and a half pints) of fluids every day if you have diarrhoea.
Your mouth may become sore and you may get ulcers. This can make you more likely to get an infection in your mouth. Gently clean your teeth and/or dentures morning and night and after meals. Use a soft-bristled or children's toothbrush. Your nurse might ask you to rinse your mouth regularly or use mouthwashes. It's important to follow any advice you are given and to drink plenty of fluids.
Tell your nurse or doctor if you have any problems with your mouth. They can prescribe medicines to prevent or treat mouth infections and reduce any soreness.
These symptoms are caused by the effect of vinorelbine on nerves. It's called peripheral neuropathy. You may also find it hard to fasten buttons or do other fiddly tasks.
Tell your doctor if you have these symptoms. They sometimes need to lower the dose of the drug. The symptoms usually improve slowly after treatment finishes but in some people they may never go away. Talk to your doctor if you are worried about this.
This treatment can cause changes to the lungs. Always tell your doctor if you develop wheezing, a cough, a fever or feel breathless. You should also let them know if any existing breathing problems get worse. If necessary, they can arrange for you to have tests to check your lungs.
This treatment can affect how your kidneys and liver work. This is usually mild and goes back to normal after treatment. You will have blood tests before chemotherapy to check how well your kidneys and liver are working.
Your hair will thin, or you may lose all the hair from your head. The thinning usually starts after your first or second cycle of chemotherapy. It is almost always temporary and your hair will grow back after chemotherapy ends. It is important to cover your head to protect your scalp when you are out in the sun. Your nurse can give you advice about coping with hair loss.
You may get a bitter or metallic taste in your mouth or find that food tastes different. This should go away when your treatment finishes. Try using herbs and spices (unless you have a sore mouth or ulcers) or strong-flavoured sauces to give your food more flavour. Sucking boiled sweets can sometimes help get rid of a bitter or metallic taste. Your nurse can give you more advice.
You may lose your appetite during your treatment. Try to eat small meals regularly. Don't worry if you don't eat much for a day or two. If your appetite doesn't improve after a few days, let your nurse or dietitian know. They can give you advice on getting more calories and protein in your diet. They may give you food supplements or meal replacement drinks to try. Your doctor can prescribe some of these and you can buy them from chemists.
Carboplatin may cause ringing in the ears (tinnitus) and you may lose the ability to hear some high-pitched sounds. Hearing loss can be more severe with higher doses and longer courses of treatment. Any hearing loss may be permanent. However, tinnitus usually improves when treatment ends. Tell your doctor if you notice any loss of hearing or tinnitus.
It's important to let your doctor know straight away if you feel unwell or have any severe side effects, even if they're not mentioned above.
Cancer increases the chance of a blood clot (thrombosis) and chemotherapy can add to this. A clot can cause symptoms such as pain, redness and swelling in a leg, breathlessness and chest pain. Contact your doctor straight away if you have any of these symptoms. A blood clot is serious but your doctor can treat it with drugs that thin the blood. Your doctor or nurse can give you more information.
Some medicines can interact with chemotherapy or be harmful when you are having chemotherapy. This includes medicines you can buy in a shop or chemist. Tell your doctor about any medicines you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, complementary therapies and herbal drugs.
Vinorelbine and carboplatin may affect your fertility (being able to get pregnant or father a child). If you are worried about this, you can talk to your doctor or nurse before treatment starts.
Your doctor will advise you not to become pregnant or to father a child during treatment. This is because the drugs may harm a developing baby. It's important to use effective contraception during and for a few months after chemotherapy. You can talk to your doctor or nurse about this.
If you have sex within the first couple of days of having chemotherapy, you need to use a condom. This is to protect your partner in case there is any chemotherapy in your semen or vaginal fluid.
Chemotherapy can sometimes stop the ovaries working. You might not get a period every month and they may eventually stop. In some women this is temporary, but for others it is permanent and they start the menopause.
Women are advised not to breastfeed during treatment and for a few months after. This is in case there is chemotherapy in their breast milk.
If you need to go into hospital for any reason other than cancer, always tell the doctors and nurses that you are having chemotherapy. Give them the contact details for your cancer doctor.
Talk to your cancer doctor or nurse if you think you need dental treatment. Always tell your dentist you are having chemotherapy.
This page has been compiled using information from a number of reliable sources, including the electronic Medicines Compendium (eMC; medicines.org.uk). If you'd like further information on the sources we use, please feel free to contact us.
This information was reviewed by a medical professional.
Thank you to all of the people affected by cancer who reviewed what you're reading and have helped our information to grow.
You could help us too when you join our Cancer Voices Network - find out more.
Content last reviewed: 1 March 2016
Next planned review: 2018
For answers, support or just a chat, call the Macmillan Support Line free* (Monday to Friday, 9am-8pm).
*See information about calling our support line from a mobile.
If you have any questions about cancer, need support or just want someone to talk to, ask Macmillan.
Watch our slideshow with tips for coping with a poor appetite
Watch our slideshow with tips for coping with a sore mouth
Watch our video about coping with fatigue
Watch our slideshow about avoiding infection when you have reduced immunity
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Acacia Serving Pieces: Serve It Up on Wood
With barbecue season in full swing, summer salads, grilled corn and slices of watermelon will need a place to live on your table. We love the look of these acacia serving pieces for their beautiful craftsmanship and the range of wood tones. Even better, acacia is highly durable so these pieces will serve you for years to come.
Acacia has a rich high-contrast grain making it a perfect material for pieces that will be front and center while you are entertaining. Here are some of our favorite serving pieces:
1 - 3-Piece Acacia Bowl and Servers Set, Crate and Barrel, $34.95.
2 - Nambe Yaro Salad Bowl and Server Set, Bed Bath and Beyond, $129.99.
3 - Acacia Entertaining Pieces from West Elm, on sale for $12.99 - $24.99.
4 - B. Smith Acacia Wood Chip and Dip Set, Bed Bath and Beyond, $29.99.
5 - Puzzle Serving Board by Roost, Rare Device, $45.


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A Sampling of the Quilts I Finished This Year
10 Favorites from 2012
- Favorite New Quiltin' Stitch: Hands down, the concentric circles, as seen on the Joyous Strings Quilt.
- Favorite Crafty Book: Antique to Heirloom Jelly Roll Quilts - If you have an affinity for antique quilts, try to get your hands on a copy of this book!
- Favorite New Recipe: Channa Masala. A close second = homemade naan to go with said channa masala. I use smitten kitchen's pita recipe and just fry up the pita dough in an iron skillet with some olive oil.
- Favorite Book I Read This Year: The $64 Tomato - it definitely tempered my delusions of gardening grandeur into something a bit more realistic for the amount of time and energy I have to devote to such endeavours.
- Favorite Fabric on My Shelf: The orange and aqua colorway from Joel Dewberry's Heirloom collection. I just like to sit and stare at it sometimes.
- Favorite Blogland Trend: Granny Squares - I loved seeing all the different color combos for this one quilt block made out of humble 2.5" squares. See my interpretation here.
- Favorite Erma Bombeck Moment(s): My Dr. QuiltLove Mini-Series. Apparently, I had a lot to get off my chest this summer.
- Favorite Quilt I Finished in 2012: Half-Square Triangle Bliss, despite the fact that the bleeding charm squares almost gave me a coronary (spoiler alert: a combo of OxiClean and Color Catchers saved the day). Coincidentally, this is also your favorite quilt of mine from this year - it's had more views than any other 2012 post!
- Favorite WiP/UFO: This inverted 9-patch top, even though I haven't worked on it since 2010.
- Favorite Quilt by Someone Else: Urban Beads by Jenny Pedigo


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When Ralph Lauren set out to make European-style neckties at the tender age of 26, he could never have known that he would go on to completely redefine American style. From a humble office tucked away in a corner of the Empire State Building, Ralph worked on tie designs he collectively called "Polo." Department store Neiman Marcus bought 1,200 of them, prompting Lauren to expand his style into a full collection, for which he won the prestigious Coty American Fashion Critics' Award. Over the years, Ralph Lauren the brand has continued to reinvent itself, creating designs that are at once classic and forward-thinking.
Ralph by Ralph Lauren shades have become very popular with celebrities like Jennifer Aniston, Zooey Deschanel and Taylor Swift. FramesDirect.com has curated a collection of designer prescription sunglasses from Ralph Lauren, bringing you vintage cat eyes, classic aviators and chic ovals in a variety of colors and patterns. Pick out the perfect pair for you and then customize them with a range of tints, polarization and lens types.


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"The Great Debater"
In Con Weddington's day, the sport of debating was usually reserved for only the most promising, brilliant and fine young men. To be a collegiate debater, and a champion one at that, guaranteed that one would rise to the level of most elite of the erudite, if one wasn't already there or thought that wealth equated brilliance. Con Weddington made that leap. His oratorical skills and debating prowess were rarely equaled in his days at the University of Georgia in the late 1800s. When he wasn't engaged in the study of law, philosophy and history, Con was wearing the tools of ignorance, a catcher's uniform for the Georgia Bulldogs baseball team.
Con Weddington was born on the eleventh day of the eleventh month in the year of 1874 in Douglas County, Georgia, a sleepy farming community west of Atlanta. The son of Charles William Weddington and his wife Virginia, Con was also known as Connie. When formally introduced, he was addressed as Cornelious Alexander Weddington, or simply, "C.A. Weddington," for short.
Charles Weddington was not financially able to send Con to a fine academy, so the young man learned what he could in the county schools. After completing his studies, Weddington returned to those same schools as a teacher.
At the age of 20, Con Weddington entered the University of Georgia on New Years' Day 1895. His life would change forever. Honors seemed to follow Con everywhere he went. He was elected Secretary of the Oratorical Association and in 1898, President. Con was also elected President of the Demosthenian Society.
But it would be in debate and oratory where Connie Weddington would make his greatest mark at Georgia. Weddington was awarded the medal for the university's best freshman and sophomore debater. He won the championship Debater's Medal in a highly publicized and honored debate with Emory University. The winner of the Stevens' Medal in debate, C0n Weddington was selected as speaker of the Junior and Senior Class at graduations.
Perhaps his greatest honor came on January 20, 1896 during an oratorical contest held in the university chapel. Weddington spoke to a capacity crowd, including at least a hundred aging Confederate Veterans. For his speech, "The Spirit of '61," Weddington was awarded the highly coveted Shropshire Medal.
Con Weddington was a pretty fair country baseball player. He joined the team in his freshman year and played all four of his years at Georgia. He began his baseball career as a catcher and ended it at first base. In 1896, his teammates elected him to captain the sophomore squad. While at Georgia, Weddington did his share of duty as a 4th sergeant in the university's military department.
After his graduation in 1898, Con Weddington began his study of the law with the firm of Dorsey, Brewster and Howell in the capital city of Atlanta. He came to Dublin at the dawn of the 20th Century to practice law. He lived with his cousin, Dr. James Weddington. In December 1901, he married the love of his life, Miss Georgia V. Smith, daughter of real estate magnate J.D. Smith. The couple had three children, Virginia, Gladys and Con, Jr.
When he first came to Dublin, Weddington resumed his military career as the captain of the "Dublin Guards," Company A, 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Georgia State Troops. He also resumed his baseball career playing along side James on the city's semi pro baseball team. As the first commander, Weddington helped to establish the first camp of the Sons of Confederate Veterans in 1901. In April of 1903, Weddington joined fellow lawyer Kendrick J. Hawkins in establishing the Dublin Times, a forerunner of the Courier Herald. That same year, Colonel Weddington was honored when he was named attorney for the City of Dublin, a post which he held until 1905.
Active in fraternal organizations, Con Weddington was the first member of the Dublin Elks Club, serving as the club's Exalted Ruler. He was a Mason and a member of the Olivet Commandery of the Knights Templar as well as being a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, Sinah Temple, Macon, Georgia. Weddington held the office of Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias and Grand Master of the Independent Order of the Odd Fellows.
In 1913, Weddington was elected Mayor of the City of Dublin, having been a popular and capable Clerk of the Council for many years.
Not soon after his mayoral term ended, the Weddingtons moved to the blooming city of Cochran where he would practice law. In the early 1920s, Weddington was made the acting postmaster of the seat of the newly organized Bleckley County.
The convivial Con Weddington was rarely without a friend nearby. Always affable, his host of faithful friends were suddenly shocked and stupefied when the news spread throughout Cochran that the town's popular postmaster had been arrested for secretly stealing money from the post office. Postmaster Weddington admitted to his guilt, waving a bond hearing and pleading no lo contendere to the felony for which he was sentenced to a humiliating year in a federal prison. After his release, Cornelious A. Weddington seemed to have disappeared from the face of the Earth. His widow Georgia Weddington died in Mt. Vernon, Texas in 1958 and is buried in her father's family plot in Northview Cemetery.
Cornelious Alexander Weddington was a good man. He made a mistake like most people do. No one knows why such as eloquent, educated and brilliant man would ruin his life and legal career by embezzling a relatively paltry sum of eleven hundred dollars. It is not my task to reason why he foolishly took the negative, but it is my endeavor to salute a man who, for most of his life, took the affirmative whenever he could.


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Style # 225062
AVAILABILITY: Unavailable for immediate shipment.
Reveal your sexy side this holiday. Slash shoulder and keyhole-back mini dress that's a must-have piece featuring ribbed detail and a fitted mesh front. Add our Mesh Sling Shooties and you're a hit for best dressed.
- 92% Nylon, 8% spandex
- Hand wash
- Made in USA
- Center back to hem: 29" (74 cm)
- Model is 5'10" and wears a US size P/S
Slash Yoke & Sleeve Dress is rated out of 5 by 6.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Pirate2016 from Very form fitting Very sexy! form fitting as well, so make sure you're ready to show off that amazing shape!
Date published: 2014-12-25
Rated 1 out of 5 by NJnj from Don't buy Terrible. Do not buy. I am extremely slender and have model proportions, but even I struggled with this dress. The review that said the material was like shape wear material was right. Even if you have the perfect body the material looks cheap and tacky, and so will you in this dress. Can I have my money back?
Date published: 2014-12-02
Rated 2 out of 5 by Lala5 from I wanted to love this Although I usually like long sleeved, form fitting dresses, this one is very unforgiving. Unless you are planning only to drink water at dinner, it is not a good dinner dress.
Date published: 2014-07-19
Rated 3 out of 5 by Meka from Meh Bought this in the colour rose dust size small. I have a small frame and I'm relatively skinny ( 4'11, 100lbs) so it fit okay but was nothing special. However the fabric is a bit on the delicate side you have to be especially careful with the sleeves since it has a sheer cut design.
Date published: 2014-06-20
Rated 3 out of 5 by DoDi from Average Order this dress online in size small. Am 5'2 120lb. I will return this dress because it might show all your curves, It look nice over all , and this kind of material is really good on very skinny people.
Date published: 2014-05-02
Rated 1 out of 5 by JennyP88 from no good this is made out of the same material as opaque tights or spanx. unless your body is PERFECT, not a flattering dress.
Date published: 2013-12-12


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I am using the AIPTEK BTuoi USB-based Bluetooth dongle, which is Class I. Class I means that the device can send/receive up to 100 meters, Class II means 10 meters and Class III, 1 meter. Most integrated BT modules on laptops/PDAs are Class II, up to 10 meters, so if you want the best performance for the Access Point we will try to create here, buy a Linux-supported Class I dongle (about $35). In any case, any Class Bluetooth module will work anyway.
One-time configuration
Start by installing the BlueZ Bluetooth and other needed packages (all as root):
pacman -S bluez-libs bluez-utils iptables ppp
Edit your /etc/bluetooth/pin file and enter some digits: 12345 (remove the "BlueZ" word, some devices only pair with numerical pins).
Edit your /etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf file and make it look like this instead of the default values:
rfcomm0 { # Automatically bind the device at startup bind yes; # original: bind yes # Bluetooth address of the device # device 11:22:33:44:55:66 # comment out the devices' MAC addresses # RFCOMM channel for the connection channel 3; # was channel 1 # Description of the connection comment "Bluetooth Access Point"; }
Edit the /etc/bluetooth/hcid.conf (this is optional, but useful) and change the name line from
name "%d h%"
to something like
name "BlueZ"
Now, edit your
/etc/ppp/optionsfile with a text editor and change the "auth" with "noauth" (somewhere around line 25-30). Around line 15-20, add your DNS info, e.g. something like this:
ms-dns 126.96.36.199 ms-dns 22.214.171.124
(copy the IP addresses from your /etc/resolv.conf if you are not sure what to use, the above addresses won't work for you)
The Access Point service
All the above is needed to be done once. Here is what you need to do each time you reboot the machine and you want your Access Point to be functional:
Start the bluetooth Arch script and stop it again (it seems that this script initializes some stuff that the main script below doesn't, so just start it and stop it like this:)
/etc/rc.d/bluetooth start /etc/rc.d/bluetooth stop
Then, run the main script:
modprobe rfcomm modprobe hci_usb mknod /dev/rfcomm0 c 216 0 mknod /dev/rfcomm1 c 216 1 mknod /dev/rfcomm2 c 216 2 mknod /dev/rfcomm3 c 216 3 hciconfig hci0 up hcid sdptool add SP sdpd rfcomm bind all # first IP address is the one of the server, # second the one of the client; change accordingly, depending on your network dund --listen --msdun --channel 3 10.0.0.102:10.0.0.111 echo '1' > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # use a different eth0 name if your server's incoming #internet connection is coming from a different device #(e.g. might be sit0 or ppp1, depending how your Arch Linux is connected to the outside world). iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
You can put all of the above in a single script too, call it btlan.sh and make it executable like this:
chmod +x btlan.shand then put it on your /usr/sbin/.
You are all setup (and a similar procedure works for Fedora as well) Now, you need to configure your clients to use this Bluetooth Access Point-wannabe as their server. We will try connecting to the internet via this Arch Linux-based Bluetooth Access Point with a PalmOS device, another Linux machine and a Macintosh, both Bluetooth-enabled. After setting them up, your clients will be able to even have access to your main internal network (the one your Arch Linux belongs).
- "Configuring the server, Page 1/2"
- "Configuring Linux/PalmOS/MacOSX, Page 2/2"


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I will have to respond later. My daughters are up from their nap and must be attended to.
Superavi wrote:Lesbia, at one time you were speaking to have known Catullus alone
But not to be willing to hold Jupiter in front of me
At that time I didn't like you so much as an acquaintance
but your father __ likes appropriate son-in-laws
Now that I have known you: even if, how strong I burn
You are, however, cheaper and easier to me
What can it do? You say. Because such injury brings together
to love, but to not wish well at all
Dicebas quondam solum te nosse Catullum
Lesbia, nec prae me velle tenere Iovem.
dilexi tum te non tantum ut vulgus amicam,
sed pater ut gnatos diligit et generos.
nunc te cognovi: quare etsi impensius uror,
multo mi tamen es vilior et levior.
qui potis est? inquis. quod amantem iniuria talis
cogit amare magis, sed bene velle minus.
Rhodopeius wrote:This is an excerpt I absolutely had to share. It's from Ovid's Ars Amatoria, Book II


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Fleming Island FL Real Estate
Fleming Island, Florida is an unincorporated area
in Clay County Florida. It is located 15 miles southwest of Jacksonville,
on the western side of the St. Johns River, off US 17. It has a rich history,
first settled in the late 1700's by George Fleming. He immigrated from Ireland
and he and his wife Sophia tended orange groves and other crops on their
plantation. George Fleming named his island plantation Hibernia, the Latin word
for Ireland, in honor of his island home country. The 1,000 acre island property
was gained by a land grant from the Spanish.
Today, Fleming Island is a vibrant suburban community
featuring beautiful waterfront homes, private communities such as Fleming Island
Plantation and Golf and Country Clubs including Fleming Island Country Club.
Residents leading the active lifestyle have all the
amenities they need, recreational facilities, including golf, tennis, jogging
paths and marina, local shopping, restaurants, and great public and private
schools. Fleming Island has just what you are looking for!
There are many wonderful homes in this area, but you
need a local market expert to help you. Watson Realty Corp is a locally owned
company with over 40 years of experience selling homes in the area.


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In a somewhat surprising move, the Greensburg City Council tabled a vote on the proposed creation of a Greensburg Police Department Monday night during their regular meeting.
In a somewhat surprising move, the Greensburg City Council tabled a vote on the proposed creation of a Greensburg Police Department Monday night during their regular meeting.
The council and City Administrator Ed Truelove first discussed, at length, the requirements and challenges of a city operated animal kennel.
During a work session last week, Truelove recommended transporting stray house pets to Dodge City for the three "hold" days required by law. This would eliminate the need for the city to operate its own facility.
On Monday Truelove told the council that the Dodge City facility would not keep the animals for the three days, but would only assist in the disposal of animals.
Truelove explained his plan to hire an "on-call" animal control officer and provide city owned facilities.
The city would either retrofit the old animal housing facility on the outskirts of town, or possibly construct a new facility closer to the city center. Truelove mentioned the public works facility as a possible new site.
The city would charge pet owners a daily fee, although the exact amount wasn't discussed, and pass the $37 disposal fee onto pet owners.
The animal control officer was one part of a three-employee team proposed by Truelove, who also expressed a desire to hire a police officer and code enforcement officer.
Truelove has proposed an annual budget of $87,000 for a full-time police officer. That amount includes an annual payment of $15,000 to the Kiowa County Sheriff's Department to handle dispatch that would be waived in 2013.
"Well, we need to make some step," said Councilman Mark Trummel, who chaired the meeting in place of Mayor Bob Dixson.
Councilman Matt Christenson wondered why they had passed numerous ordinances if they were unwilling to hire someone to enforce them.
"We should commit to enforcement," he said and also referenced the council's preliminary approval of 2013 law enforcement funding.
Council members had already tentatively approved a 2013 budget for a police department during preliminary budget discussions in July.
At a work session last Monday there seemed to be overwhelming support of the plan.
Councilman Rex Butler was outspoken in his opposition.
"This is really creating new bureaucracy," he said. "We don't have the money."
Truelove was asked to provide additional information to the council, namely specific job descriptions and responsibilities for each position. The council is expected to revisit the issue at a future date.


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Please Visit Our Sister Sites:
1 can fruit cocktail and juice
1 can chunk pineapple and
1 can diced peaches, drained
1 can Mandarin oranges,
1 small pkg. lemon instant
1 c. miniature marshmallows
1 (8 oz.) Cool Whip
sliced bananas
Combine all ingredients except bananas. Add bananas
before serving.
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Speaking during an an exclusive interview, Barcelona left-back Dani Alves spoke frankly about his Brazil career, the upcoming FIFA World Cup and his continuing efforts to bring Neymar to Barça.
If there is just one thing Brazil has become known for during the course of its rich football history, then it is the ease with which it produces world-class full-backs. The list has grown long since Carlos Alberto lit up the 1970s with his thrilling displays, including more recent additions in the likes of Cafu, Roberto Carlos, Maicon, Marcelo and, of course, Dani Alves.
The buccaneering Alves has made a compelling contribution to a Barcelona side that has revolutionised world football with its spectacular performances and insatiable appetite for trophies. Now 29, the Bahia-born defender is also one of the most experienced members of a Brazil side that is working against the clock as it prepares to host the FIFA Confederations Cup and the FIFA World Cup™ in front of its ever-demanding fans.
Mulling over those challenges and more, Alves sat down for a revealing chat with FIFA.com at last month's FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala.
FIFA.com: How do you feel about your fellow professionals voting you the best right-back in the world in 2012? Dani Alves: It's an amazing feeling to be here at the FIFA Ballon d'Or Gala. It's always a privilege to be sharing a night like this with so many people from football's past and present, especially when you're here to receive recognition for the work you've done throughout the year. Obviously it's easier to pick up individual awards when you play for a great side in a team sport. I get a lot of enjoyment out of it.
Does it make it even more special to be receiving the award from your professional colleagues?
There's no doubt about it, because you know that recognition has got nothing to do with how popular or unpopular you might be with the fans. It comes from people who know the job and how difficult it is. They know what they're talking about and that's what makes it special. All I can do is thank them for their vote, their affection and their recognition. We always try to please people and enjoy the magic that football creates, and I know very well that there are a lot of players who could be here in my place. That's why I feel so privileged.
He commands respect. It's hard to win any competition, and he's been there and done it, and I hope he can come in and give us the stability we've perhaps been lacking.
Injuries were a problem for you in 2012. Do you wish you'd played more?
Yes, of course. It's almost as if all the injuries I've never had in my career have happened to me now. The way I see it, though, it's not a question of why they've happened but what I can take from them. I think I've had to go through this to be able to appreciate the things I don't necessarily see when I'm focusing on my job. It's been good for me in that I've matured and learned things. That's the way I look at it. When you're loyal to your work and you're a model professional, then everything falls back into place. Right now I'm very happy to have started the year playing and I hope I can stay fit and play a part.
This last year has also seen changes in the Brazil team. What can new coach Luiz Felipe Scolari bring to the side?
Whenever there are changes you always hope they're going to be for the better. In our case we hope it brings a little bit of stability so that we can regain respect as a national team, for all the players and the tradition we have behind us. They've gone for Brazil's last World Cup-winning coach and that says an awful lot. He commands respect. It's hard to win any competition, and he's been there and done it, and I hope he can come in and give us the stability we've perhaps been lacking. We've got two very important competitions coming up in our own backyard, in front of our own people, and whatever help we can get along the way is fantastic as far as we're concerned. We want to give our people hope again.
A lot of people feel Brazil are favourites to win the FIFA Confederations Cup and the FIFA World Cup because they're the host nation. There's bound to be lots of pressure as well though. Is the team ready to live with that?
If anyone's not ready, they've only got six months to sort themselves out, because that's when we're playing and you have to be prepared for it. It's true that we've got some young players, but they've got experience and they've won things with their clubs. To my mind the kick you get out of playing for your country in such big competitions more than makes up for any problems it might involve. We're excited about it more than anything else.
You haven't had much competitive football lately, what with not taking part in the qualifiers. Are you looking forward to playing in an official tournament?
Absolutely. You miss not being able to compete, and when you reach an official tournament you really do have to compete. You can take friendlies as seriously as you want, but in those games you don't have the responsibility of knowing that if you lose it's all over, that you could be out of a competition like the World Cup in your own country. Footballers thrive on that pressure. It keeps you alive, keeps you focused on what you want. And that's what makes a team. The highs and lows of a competition bring you together. But that's the way it is, and we just have to live with it. Excuses are for losers. And there are no losers in the national team because you have to overcome some very big hurdles to get there. We play football. We get a kick out of something we love doing, and when you put love and desire into your work then there's no such thing as pressure.
It's got values that virtually no other club has, and that's what makes it unique... If you go to the club, you'll see that they work from the bottom up and that's why we've got all these great players.
Ronaldo recently said that Brazil are no longer among the best five teams in the world. Do you agree?
That's more or less the way I see it. Our national team hasn't been able to develop because it hasn't been playing any competitive football. We've also got some very young players who are going through a very fast and significant process, and they're the ones who are going to fly the flag for us at the World Cup. The idea is to use the Confederations Cup to consolidate the team and compete as a unit. There's still a year and a half to go before the World Cup and in that time we absolutely have to come up with a team. In the end, like I said before, the World Cup's going to go ahead whether we find a team or not. We'll have to carry the hopes of a nation with what we've got. And whether you like it or not, that's a burden, a responsibility. The important thing is that everyone takes a good look at themselves and knows exactly what it means to play for this jersey. With that kind of attitude we'll be able to build a great team because there's more than enough quality there.
We saw you having a very animated conversation with Neymar a few minutes ago. Were you trying to talk him into moving to Barcelona?
Yes, you bet. I've been at it for ages (laughs). When the rumours of him making a move to Europe started I told him he should come to Barcelona. It's more than a club. The motto says it all: they look after you, they pamper you and they always treat you and your family well. Look, it's got values that virtually no other club has, and that's what makes it unique. Everyone says you can't compete with Barcelona, but if you go to the club, you'll see that they work from the bottom up and that's why we've got all these great players. If you look at the signings they make, they just buy what they need. The rest of the players are all from the youth set-up. They made a commitment to it and the results are there. We've got two team-mates fighting it out for the Ballon d'Or, which just goes to show the quality that's there, and all without spending astronomical amounts on players.
What surprised you most when you arrived at the club?
I thought it was strange that they didn't sign players on the strength of their reputation or how famous they are. They do the opposite. When they sign someone they think about where he'd fit in the side and the job he can do. And when you've got foundations like that you're only going to grow as a team. It's not something you can do in a couple of days. It takes years and years and years. Every one of us in this Barcelona side today should feel privileged. Playing for this club is good for your health, good for everything, and you really find out what human, footballing and competitive values are all about. It's the best club and the best team in the world, without question.


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While dance/electronica music is heard in the background in nightclubs, Internet communities such as Beatport and hyperactive car commercials, alongside pop, rap, country, and R&B, some would argue it is a genre swimming underneath the mainstream. On the other hand, in drawing 250,000 fans to festivals such as Las Vegas' Electric Daisy Carnival in June 2011, artists such as David Guetta cracking the Top 10 on the Billboard 200 and a diverse nominee slate for this year's GRAMMY Awards, perhaps the dance/electronica genre is nestled comfortably as a part of mainstream music.
Since nominations were announced in November 2011, some have been calling this the watershed moment for dance/electronica music at the GRAMMYs, with dubstep artist Skrillex garnering an impressive five nominations, including in the prestigious Best New Artist category. And for the first time ever in the history of the GRAMMY telecast, dance/electronica music will be highlighted with a special performance featuring Deadmau5 and David Guetta with Chris Brown, Foo Fighters and Lil Wayne on the 54th Annual GRAMMY Awards on Sunday, Feb. 12. This special segment is only an extension of The Recording Academy's embrace of the dance/electronica genre, following the installation of the Best Dance Recording category in 1997.
The Dance/Electronica Field added a second category, Best Dance/Electronica Album, in 2004. Winners have included Basement Jaxx, the Chemical Brothers, Daft Punk, and Lady Gaga. English electropop duo La Roux picked up the album award at the 53rd Annual GRAMMY Awards last February, while Rihanna's ubiquitous "Only Girl In The World," produced by Stargate, Kuk Harrell and Sandy Vee, won for Best Dance Recording.
While dance/electronica music has been widespread and influential for many years, its mainstream acceptance brings with it the risk of being subsumed by broader styles, not unlike punk rock's gentrification by pop into the more consumer-friendly new wave. But the mixing of genres can also produce the creative DNA to keep a form healthy and thriving. That's exemplified by the recent partnership between The Academy and Hyundai for Re:Generation, a documentary that makes a powerful statement about music's creative process. Premiering during GRAMMY Week on Feb. 9, Re:Generation chronicles the creative journey of leading DJs the Crystal Method, DJ Premier, Pretty Lights, three-time GRAMMY winner Mark Ronson, and Skrillex as they interpret and put a new spin on traditional styles of music, from classical and jazz to rock and funk. The film captures the DJs collaborating with some of music's top artists, including Erykah Badu, the Doors, LeAnn Rimes, and Nas, among others.
This collaborative spirit of the dance/electronica genre has been recently sampled in songs such as Rihanna's "We Found Love" in which the pop songstress teams with DJ Calvin Harris for a club-ready danceable tune, SBTRKT's "Wildfire" featuring electronica artist Little Dragon and hip-hop newcomer Drake and Guetta's "Without You" featuring Usher.
GRAMMY-nominated artist Moby, whose most recent nomination came in 2008 for Best Electronic/Dance Album forLast Night, recognizes the increasing popularity of the genre.
"If you go to a rock concert, there are four people standing onstage playing songs that sound nice," Moby recently toldUSA Today. "[If] you go see Skrillex or Deadmau5 live, there's a huge production value. The lights, the sound — it's hard not to be impressed."
Current GRAMMY nominee Deadmau5 has built a worldwide audience over several years putting on light-show performances wearing his signature "ugly a** mouse head that only cost me $500 to make," according to the artist. After earning his first GRAMMY nomination in 2008 for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical for "The Longest Road (Deadmau5 Remix)," the artist is up for three awards this year, including Best Dance/Electronica Album for 4X4=12.
Speaking to the recently announced plans by television personality/producer Simon Cowell ("American Idol," "The X Factor") for a talent competition focusing on finding the world's best DJs, Deadmau5 says dance/electronica music is finally getting the attention it has long deserved.
"It sure seems that [dance/electronica music] has been deemed fashionable these days to warrant its own long overdue primetime slot to the masses," Deadmau5 said in a post on his blog. "This concept, if anything, is going to catapult the awareness of [the genre] through the roof."
As all indicators point to a heightened mainstream profile for dance/electronica music, artistry and a sense of community remain the key ingredients for Skrillex.
"Now electronic music isn't [just] the side stage thing," said Skrillex in a video interview with The Recording Academy regarding his Best New Artist nomination. "These artists are really being recognized as artists. That's the coolest part. To be a part of that is awesome, and it means so much to my community."
(Brent Burns is the founder and creator of KickKickSnare.com, a music blog based in Los Angeles. He has a particular love for dance/electronica music and is the GRAMMY.com Community Blogger for the Dance/Electronica Field.)


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Physical description
The Danube is 23.1 meters long, 13.7 meters wide at the nacelles and 5.4 meters high[2]. It consists of three main sections:
- The cockpit has seating for the pilot and co-pilot as well as computer stations for additional crewmembers. A small transporter and a replicator are located at the back of this cockpit.
- The midsection was never shown on-screen; it presumably houses the oft-mentioned cargo hold.
- The aft section houses the crew accommodations, including a dining table, bunks and an additional terminal[3].
A Jefferies Tube was shown to run along the spine of the craft, underneath the warp core housing[4].
The craft can be entered and exited through doors on the side of the cockpit or an emergency hatch[5].
Features and abilities
The class possesses many of the same features as full-sized starships, albeit on a smaller scale - tractor beams, shields, phasers, a transporter, warp drive and sensors[6]. The Danube is capable of atmospheric flight and planetary landing.
Depending on the mission profile, a mission module could be added to a hardpoint at the top of the craft. These could carry additional sensors or an external photon torpedo launcher[7].


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The Fresno State Bulldogs completed a Cinderella season Wednesday night, beating the other Bulldogs- the Georgia Bulldogs – 6-1 at Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha to clinch an improbable College World Series championship. It was the first championship in the history of the program out of a men's sport.
Fresno fought off elimination time and time again. They were only the fourth seed in what was probably the toughest regional and emerged as the lowest seeded team to ever go on and win the title.
Local product Erik Wetzel had a big hand in that championship. The junior second baseman out of Don Lugo High School went 14-for-32 in seven games with 11 runs scored and five RBI.
Now he will have the tough decision of whether to return for a senior season to help defend that title or turn pro. He was drafted in the 13th round by the Colorado Rockies earlier this month.
Two other locals also factored for their teams. Norco product Toby Gerhart went 4-for-14
for the Stanford Cardinal who went 2-2 in the event. He had three hits including a home run in a 16-5 thrashing of perennial title contender Florida State.
Junior first baseman Matt Clark went 2-for-8 with three walks in three games for LSU. Both of the hits for the Etiwanda High School graduate were home runs. He ended up with 28 on the season, leading the country in that category. He too was drafted, in the 12th round by the San Diego Padres.
It was an exciting event and the showing by the local players made it all the more memorable.


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I was reading the above today. It is a very interesting article saying that coastal water temperatures in the UAE have been about 5 °C more than normal. This has suposodely been killing fish and tuirtle and dolphins as they can't deal with the heat, the clever ones move .. the dumb ones die .. ok Darwinism.
A local Science Proffesor says
Here in the Cayman Islands we bame the same things for our Algae bloowm every year. Some years it is worse than others, but for the most part people know that our North Sound (where Stingray City is) is shallow enough to show large temp increases from the sun, and the powerplant is right there as well which if using salt water to cool things down would be letting hotter water into the sound. When the sound is warm enough the algae blooms and the water becomes green, then the tidal movements will push the green water out to deeper areas where the algae can then settlle on the reef and smother it.
"The increase of the sea water's temperature in the Gulf is caused by the discharge of hot waters from factories' cooling systems into the sea. Global warming is also responsible for putting at risk the marine environment not only here but also in other regions in the world, such as the Maldives,"
Now it's fairly easy for us to make eyeball judgements when we live in a tropical environement all year round as we notice these things, I was wondering if anyone else had noticed similar things anywhere else.
Septmeber 1998 Sea Surface Temperatures
Septmeber 2006 Sea Surface Temperatures
If you take a look at these two images you can see a vast increase of the sea temperatures this year from 1998. However we do know that it is cyclical, and that some years are hotter than others. I believe that the Cycles are natural though and that they are good for the environment .. a Kind of Spa day from Mother nature to refresh everything. The touble comes then I suppose when the Environment has no recovery time from the cycle as the bad periods are coming quicker and quicker at it, and it becomes less of an exfoliation of the environment as it is just a continuous attack.
So anyways, the article got me thnking and I thought I would share as I found it interesting and I wanted to know if anybody else has noticed anything similar. All the major warmed areas areobviously in the tropics, but they also happen to be near land also. It's these areas that are reaching the so called deadly temperatures of above 35°C


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Your financial aid package may consist of a combination of scholarship, grant, employment, and federal and private loans. Students must meet the application deadlines and eligibility requirements for each program to be considered for these funds.
Select the link on the left to explore each type of aid program further.


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Stocks are at new highs, but where are the bargains? Amid a fairly lackluster trading day on Wednesday, we saw big financials mount an impressive rally.
With the S&P 500 up 0.7 percent this week, some of the major banks have really separated from the pack:
BofA up 4.4 percent
Morgan Stanley up 3.8 percent
Goldman Sachs up 3.3 percent
JPMorgan up 2.4 percent
This is important, because banks have been considered relative bargains, at least until this week. Once more, investors seem to be buying into banks— and discounting the slower macroeconomic story we have seen so far in 2014.


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For USASA competitors in the Southern California Series, this past weekend at Bear Mountain is not something they?ll soon forget. While the blazing sun slowly taught everyone who forgot sunscreen a lesson and tried to soften up the snow into more than extreme hard pack and sketchy ice patches, the participants in the USASA Southern California Series and Trans-Am events got the hook up with tons of product and a special double-kinked rail built just for the event.
Our celebrity judges watched the 14 different levels of USASA competitors brave the Slopestyle course and gave 1-4 competitors from each division a special invite to the Trans-Am rail jam later that afternoon. With about 40 minutes to show the judges what kind of tricks they had going, the invited riders charged on four different types of rails ? a roller coaster, a gateway box, an S rail, and the double-kinked rail built by the Bear Mountain park staff.
Once the riders got a few practice runs in, Red Bull's own DJ Kid Dragon and MC-for-the-day Damion Roberson from Boost Mobile got the crowd pumped up with some good beats and commentary. The level of riding was amazing. Spectators were treated to a bag of tricks that included everything from frontside lipslides to one-footed boardslides, occasionally being sprayed by those riders who made it to the end of the rails. Standout tricks came at the judges from all directions as So Cal?s finest amateurs showed off their best stuff. As we saw with the first Trans-Am event at Mt. Bachelor, the caliber of riding is nothing for established professionals to take lightly. The Bear locals are coming up strong and fast?the youngest Trans-Am rider was only 11 years old!
The infamous S-rail proved to be the most challenging for the competitors, so pre-paid Boost Mobile phones were offered up to any rider who could stick the entire thing. One lucky Trans-Am rider did it, while a local USASA competitor from Bear also hiked up to try his luck, and nailed the rail effortlessly. Once the contest ended and results were being tallied, USASA participants competed in a product dash that forced them to run full speed up an icy incline or be stampeded by dozens of other loot-mongers eager for the free goodies.
When all was said and done, our four judges were pretty much stoked on the same five riders. It came down to hard numbers and extra points for those with the best style and attitude to decide who would take home a boatload of prizes. The top three riders received trophies handmade by TransWorld founder Larry Balma. First place got hooked up with a Ride snowboard and bindings and first through fourth place received Smith goggles, Quiksilver clothes, DaKine backpacks, tons of TWS loot and a Boost Mobile phone. Judges included TW senior editor Jen Sherowski, Boost Mobile?s Dave Sypniewski, and pro riders Mike Burton and Roger Yu.
Congratulations to all the winners and USASA competitors:
- Eugene Meng
- Tsuyoshi "Mullet Man" Kumiyama
- Jillian Yanaw
- Evan Mills
- Cory Donoho
A humongous thank-you goes out to Big Bear mountain and park staff, Ride Snowboards, Dave and Damion from Boost Mobile, DaKine, Smith Optics, Quiksilver, and the USASA Southern California Series staff, particularly John Siple. The contributions of everyone involved help to support grassroots snowboarding that makes the USASA what it is to so many people.
The next two Trans-Am events are February 8, 2003 at Breckenridge and March 24-30 at the USASA Nationals in Sunday River, Maine.
Look for more information on how you can get hooked up at USASA.org.


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Some rearranging of the Tribune's sports web site means there now is an easier way to locate everything I have written about international sports - in this Blog, in regular stories and in columns.
In the lower middle of the sports web front, chicagotribune.com/sports, is the listing, GLOBETROTTING.
By clicking GLOBETROTTING on that page, you will find my latest forays into the world of international sport, most recently a column on figure skating phenom Gracie Gold.
For now, the Blogs also will be kept at the old Globetrotting site.
And, as always, I will post links to my latest stories on Twitter (@olyphil). Please join me there.
Happy Holidays.


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Tango by Isaac Albeniz (1860-1909). Arranged by Wilfred Bob Roberts. Brass Quintet. For 2 trumpets, horn, trombone and tuba. Score and Parts. Published by Wiltshire Music/Cor Publishing Co. (WS.BE97).
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Master wood craftsman, enjoyed boating
Lester Allen Wise, age 78, of Gravois Mills, passed away Tuesday, March 26, 2013, at his home. He was born December 21, 1934, in Cherry Box, Missouri, a son of the late Claude Lester and Louise Jones Wise.
On September 10, 1990, he was united in marriage to Carole L. "Bart" Vogel, who preceded him in death on June 19, 2007.
Lester worked for the Railroad as a Yard Master until his retirement. He retired to the Lake of the Ozarks where he enjoyed living and boating. He loved caring for his friends and his neighborhood. He was an avid wood craftsman constructing cabinets for many people in the lake area.
Lester was a member of the Ozark Chapel United Methodist Church in Laurie and a life member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles.
He is survived by his daughters, Pam Darrington and husband George of Overland Park, Kansas and Terri Richey and husband Patrick of Mission, Kansas; son, Lester Allen Wise II of Bonner Springs, Kansas; step-daughters, Kelly Vogel of Lawrence, Kansas and Kristie Shaffer of Tonganoxie, Kansas; three grandchildren, Lily Darrington, Emily Darrington and Matthew Darrington and wife Leslie; two great-grandchildren, Maliyah and Gracyn; four step-grandchildren, Sean Schaffer, Marlee Schaffer, Nick Schaffer and Riley Vogel; two step-great-grandchildren, Felicity and Zyler; brothers, Lauren Wise of Garden City, Missouri and Paul Wise and wife Caroline of Ohio; sisters, Rose Little and husband Tom of Nemo, Missouri, Joy Dorgan of Garden City, Missouri and Carol Sumptner and husband Richard of Overland Park, Kansas; and many other relatives and friends. In addition to his parents and wife, he was preceded in death by a brother, Amos Wise.
Funeral services will be held at 2:00 p.m., Saturday, March 30, at the Ozark Chapel United Methodist Church in Laurie with Reverend Rick White officiating. Graveside services and interment will follow in the Garber Memorial Estates Cemetery. The family will receive friends from 1:00 to 2:00 p.m., Saturday, at the church. Memorial contributions are suggested to the Ozark Chapel United Methodist Church. Expressions of sympathy may be left online at www.kidwellgarber.com. Arrangements are under the direction and care of the Kidwell-Garber Laurie/Sunrise Beach Chapel.


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Quick! Get 'em before they're gone! The new Ariat Quickdraw is a surefire hit this season with punchy good looks and the technology and benefits you've come to expect from Ariat performance boots. Sapphire blue top. 8 row stitch pattern with embroidery accent. Full grain leather foot and shaft and leather lined. ATS technology for superior stability and comfort. Goodyear leather welt.


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We're all so excited for springtime! You can help us and Buck share the colors of the season with everyone who visits us. Let your ideas shine through in a fun, creative way by coloring and returning our Spring coloring sheet to the bank any time before Saturday, March 31. When you do, we'll share a special spring treat with you!
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Worst Traffic Lights In Wichita Falls – Tony's Top 5
Compared to a big city or a metroplex, driving through Wichita Falls doesn't suck so bad. But that doesn't mean there aren't irritating parts around town.
Top 5 Worst Traffic Lights In Wichita Falls
1. Call Field @ Lawrence
If I understand my history correctly, going west on Call Field used to lead into a one-lane road. This necessitated having the right lane on westbound Call Field to be a right turn only lane. However, now that we have two lanes, AND the fact that the right lane is the easiest way to turn into Mazzio's and McAllister's, its time to retire the right turn only lane. So many times people forget about it and drive right through, including my mother-in-law who got her very first ticket 3 years ago when she drove straight through.
2. Lawrence @ Call Field
Wait… didn't we just do this intersection. Yes we did! This intersection is so bad, it gets two spots on the list. This time, its coming from Lawrence Rd. Turning left at Call Field from Lawrence is sometimes one of the scariest moments you can have behind the wheel. If you're turning left, I advise staying in the far left lane on Lawrence. If you're in the center lane, you're running a huge risk of some idiot in the left lane thinking, "Dang it, I need to turn at Rhea," and crossing lanes in the middle of the intersection. Now, this advice goes for people who, like me, have small cars. If you're driving a heavy duty pick up, by all means ride it through. If they hit you, that's their problem.
3. Rhea Rd. @ Southwest Parkway
This is an intersection that not many people are aware of when it comes to its level of suckage. Only those who live in the neighborhoods nearby or who use the back road behind Chuckie Cheese have experienced the touchy nature of this light. Going north on Rhea, if you want to turn right on Southwest, you're good to go. Want to turn left? GOOD LUCK! I've lost count of the number of times I've sat at this perpetually red light while the other three directions go through several cycles until I get fed up, turn right, and make a U-turn at the first available chance.
4. Maplewood @ Midwestern
Let's count. I see two "right turn only" signs, and there's another one outside of the picture. That's THREE seperate signs telling people that if they are in the right lane, they must turn right. Just like Call Field @ Lawrence, there's no real reason to make this a "right turn only". Staying in this lane makes it that much easier to turn into American National Bank after the light. But unlike Call Field @ Lawrence, I believe people drive straight through because they are ignoring the signs, leaving the people in the left lane who are driving straight through in a bind if they need to get over after the light.
5. Wyoming @ Fairway
Again, another little known bad intersection. I know this because its the best way to get out of my neighborhood. When Wyoming hits Fairway, it becomes Call Field. If you want to turn left, stay in the left lane. If you want to turn right, stay in the right lane. Simple enough? There's even a sign explaing this at the intersection!
You have any idea how many pairs of underwear I've ruined turning left at this light only to see the person in the right lane doing the same?!
Honorable Mention
Not a traffic light, but still amazingly irritating.
This is a yield sign that so many drivers in Wichita Falls ignore. This is the on-ramp to the Kell East Freeway from Lawrence Rd. This is one of the only parts of the freeway where the on-ramp merges with another lane, hence the yield sign. Its been 15 years since my driver's ed at Alpha Omega, but I do recall that the drivers on the freeway have the right-of-way when an on-ramp merges into their lane. And everyday on my way to the station, I tense up a little when I get to this part because of the several near colllisions I've had with people who don't think the yield sign applies to them.


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Charlie has had tough choices to make in the past but...
Torn | Completed
- by 1DInfinityx
- Rating:
- Published: 20 Mar 2013
- Updated: 23 Oct 2013
- Status: Complete
Charlie Faires considers herself just like anybody else although shes not like most teenagers. When all her friends fan girl over the biggest boyband in the world One Direction she says they're nothing but five idiots with fancy hair and cars but will her thoughts on them change when they stay at her Mums 5 star hotel...
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