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Glamdring was the sword once born by Turgon, King of Gondolin. The sword, decorated with jewels and ruelbone, had passed into legend by the time Gandalf discovered it in a Troll's cave, nearly 6,500 years later. He would use the sword during the Battle of Five Armies and the War of the Ring.
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FACEMAKER - WOODEN TOY PUZZLE by MillerGoodman Xlarge
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By: Mark McGrouther, Category: Science, Date: 26 Oct 2012
The 'fish doctor' has been working in the collection this week. PhD student Melissa Martin works on fish doctors, a group of fish parasites also known as fish lice and tongue biters. Rob Harcourt sent some action shots of an Eastern Angelshark having its fate 'sealed'. Thanks to everyone who contributed.
Ambon Toby, Canthigaster amboinensis
Juvenile Brown Tang
Brown Tang, Zebrasoma scopas
Eastern Angelshark being eaten by an Australian Fur Seal
Australian Fur Seal eating an Eastern Angelshark
Australian Fur Seal tossing an Eastern Angelshark
Yellowspot Goatfish, Parupeneus indicus
Tags fishes, ichthyology, Melissa Martin, fish doctor,


text:
After many years vacationing at Hilton Head Island, Bert and Sharon Walker found the Lowcountry an ideal retirement spot.
Originally from New Hampshire, Bert Walker graduated high school thinking he would have a long career as a teacher.
As an unfocused teen, his father encouraged him to join the military instead, Bert Walker said.
He served 28 years with the Air Force then moved into the public sector. When retirement opportunities approached Walker and his wife, Sharon, the couple made their trek to Sun City.
While he didn't become a teacher, Bert Walker married one instead. Sharon Walker spent 28 years as a math teacher. When the couple moved to Sun City, she wasn't quite ready to retire from the school system.
"She joined some Sun City clubs, but became bored so she decided to volunteer at the local schools as a substitute," Bert Walker said.
While his wife subbed at the local schools, Bert Walker worked on his golf game. However, he too became bored and found himself wanting to join his wife in the education realm.
When she was hired as a full-time math teacher at H.E. McCracken Middle School, he became more involved in the school system by helping his wife and other teachers. During the annual school testing, he volunteers as a hall monitor.
"He gradually grew his comfort level here by getting to know the teachers," Sharon Walker said. "He got involved more in the reality of what it takes to be a teacher and less of the politics in the education system. He saw what it takes for the teachers to attempt to teach at time where it's kind of hard."
In November, Bert Walker faced Paul Roth in the race for Beaufort County School Board - District 6.
While he lost to Roth, Bert Walker continues his involvement. He is a part of the School Improvement Committee and the Bluffton Community Committee which discusses the overcrowding of the schools.
"I think he's made a big difference in my perception of the education system and others appreciate his input because it's valid," Sharon Walker said. Despite his previous loss, he said he might run again for school board or even Beaufort County Council if the opportunity presents itself.
Helping the Bluffton community outside the Sun City gates is what Bert Walker enjoys most. Despite, the well-maintained golf courses and numerous facilities and clubs, there are modifications he would like to see done.
"From a retirement perspective, I enjoy Sun City," Bert Walker said. "There are some things that I would change about the community but that's beyond my reach."
He served as chairman of the Sun City Technology Committee, developing the first request to establish a community website. He was a candidate for the board of directors but was not elected.
After graduating from Park University with a double major in management and human resources, he joined the Air Force in 1961 where he was an early automation supply manager. He finished his last nine years of service as first sergeant at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland, supporting Air Force One. Once his military career finished, he began another this time in the technology field. In 1989, Bert Walker worked for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency until he was offered a position with IBM in Virginia.
With his love for technology, he continued for 15 years building hardware and software systems for military departments with the Department of Defense.
After the election of President Barack Obama, he joined the tea party. Last week, he visited Charleston to interview the 16 Republican candidates for South Carolina's 1st Congressional District.
His other hobbies include biking, walking and anything to do with technology.
Besides being involved with the school system and playing an occasional round of golf, Bert Walker takes time away from the Lowcountry to visit family in Virginia, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C. The couple also makes it a tradition to vacation in Hawaii every year for the holidays.
Education: BS in management and human resources, Park University
Career: 28 years with the Air Force, 17 years in the information technology sector.
Age: 70
Family: Wife Sharon, three sons, John, Jeff and Erich, three daughters, Nancy, Shealyn and Kimberly, and six grandchildren


text:
Phillip Weaver Sr. might be best known for his Buffalo Phil's wings, but the local restaurateur is also into real estate and has just completed his third restoration of an old building downtown. His latest project, done with his son, involved a building at 2218 University Blvd. more than 100 years old.
Phillip Weaver Sr. might be best known for his Buffalo Phil's wings, but the local restaurateur is also into real estate and has just completed his third restoration of an old building downtown.
His latest project was done with his son and namesake and involved a more than 100-year-old building at 2218 University Blvd.
The building, now named the Weaver-McCalla Building, most recently housed a Fred's discount store and is across the street from the Children's Hands-On Museum. The building had been vacant since Fred's moved to Northport in 2007.
That changed, however, over the weekend when tenants moved into the five upstairs loft apartments, each with 1,000 to 1,300 square feet of space. Workers on Tuesday were putting some of the finishing touches on the ground floor — 7,000 square feet of retail space the senior Weaver said would be ideal for a restaurant or a couple of retail shops. That space is available for lease and can be subdivided to accommodate two businesses, each with separate entrances, he said.
The restoration took more than two years and represents an investment of more than $500,000, he said.
"The challenge with (restoring) any old building is getting it up to code," said Phillip Weaver Jr., who supervised much of the work in returning the building to how it looked when built around 1906, when University Boulevard, then known as Broad Street, was still unpaved.
The senior Weaver added that with a restoration, you never know what you find as you peel away the latest facades to expose the original brick walls and long-covered windows.
In recent years, the building had a flat stucco slipcover facade over the front upper floor. That is something retailers started putting on older buildings in the 1950s when attached lighted signs became popular, he said.
Once that slipcover facade was removed the original brick was exposed along with the arched windows on the second floor. Some of the masonry had deteriorated and had to be repaired and the original windows had to be replaced with newly made windows that matched the original but met today's building codes.
The Weavers used historical photos, some from old newspaper clippings, that showed the building as it looked in its heyday. One photo has horse-drawn wagons in front of the building and shows the unpaved street with streetcar tracks. The building, originally known as the McCalla and Wyman Building, once was twice as big but the west-half burned down in 1996. A new building then was erected on the site.
In restoring the remaining building, the Weavers kept the original hard maple floors upstairs. Two covered upstairs windows painted with words "Life Company of Georgia" were removed, framed and then hung in the hallway leading to the apartments. The insurance company once had offices on the second floor.
"When you look at the walls, the floors, the windows, it feels like you are stepping into 1906," Phillip Weaver Sr. said.
He noted that three of the apartments face University Boulevard and have the large arched windows. Two apartments at the rear have private balconies. All have been leased to professionals who want to live downtown, he said.
The ground floor housed a number of businesses according to information in a historic preservation application prepared for the restoration project.
One of its earliest retailers was the Alston-Radford Furniture Company, while another was Lustig's, which carried fine tobaccos and gifts including crystal, tinted porcelain and gilt mirrors. Later tenants were listed in city directories as Ralford's Hat Shop, and in the late 1920s, the building was home to a Montgomery-Ward Department Store. By the late 1930s, the building was subdivided, becoming home to J.C. Penney Department Store and Sewell Hardware, a business that was owned by the family of Joe Sewell, a teammate of Babe Ruth on the New York Yankees, who later became the baseball coach at the University of Alabama. UA's Sewell-Thomas baseball stadium is named partly in his honor.
Haverty's Furniture later moved into the building before being replaced by Fred's.
Phillip Weaver Sr. previously restored the Olive Tree building down the street from the Weaver-McCalla building and the Broad Street Village, which now houses Chloe's Cafe and apartments but originally was one of the city's first hospitals, Druid City Sanitarium.
He said he has no plans to do a fourth historic restoration and noted there are fewer older buildings downtown available.
But he said the restorations with the loft apartments are a part of the downtown revitalization.
"The apartments will help make downtown a 24-7 place to be. We have a new hotel that will be coming on line that will be the anchor," he said of the Embassy Suites now under construction at University Boulevard and Greensboro Avenue. "With the bars and restaurants, it will create the foot traffic downtown at night."
Reach Patrick Rupinski at email@example.com or 205-722-0213.


text:
With intricate lace and a polished, half-sleeve silhouette, this flared dress was handcrafted in NYC by Leanne Marshall. Perfect for a memorable night (or day) of dancing, the knee-skimming skirt puts your shoes in the spotlight. Back zip and button closure. Nylon poly lace; cotton lining. Professionally clean. USA.
- Falls 27.5" from natural waist
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text:
A SHORT NOTE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF CEDARWOOD ATLAS: Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Carr.
A small number of essential oil users have
questioned the advice in Cropwatch 5 (www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~nodice/
new/magazine/cropwatch5/cropwatch5.htm), and in my lectures to the
oil trade, that Cedarwood Atlas should be regarded as a potentially threatened
species, and that the use of aromatic commodities from this tree should be
actively discouraged. These queries apparently arise from a lack of easily
located Internet references on the subject (in spite of the fact that
deforestation in Morocco has proceeded at an alarming rate in recent times).
In practice, many essential oil users may rely on more limited and
potentially biased sales propaganda from their oil suppliers for ecological
information – although it is often difficult to find a classically trained
biologist or ecologist amongst their number. One such essential oil seller's
website somewhat vaguely states: "Cedrus
atlantica from North Africa
which does need careful watching but the Morroccan (sic) government is not
stupid and the trees are under specific Royal patronage." In my opinion, these
latter remarks gloss over the real facts, since, as is explained below, the
Atlas Mountains where Cedrus atlantica is naturally found, is the
principal contender for the Mediterranean Red Alert areas (see http://www.eco-action.org/dod/no10/empire-task2.htm),
10,000 km2 of Moroccan forest having disappeared between 1940 and
1982 (WWF, undated). UNICED (1994) & Thirgood (1984) reported that in the
last three decades 40% of Morocco's forests had succumbed to desertification
or degradation. So, it is even more inexplicable that certifying agencies such
as Ecocert and the Soil Association have felt themselves able to endorse
aromatic commodities such as Cedarwood Oil Atlas which originate from these
critically endangered areas (see below) as qualifying for "organic" status.
identification of Sites of Biological and Ecological Interest
by the Water and Forest Directorate of the Forests and Water Ministry of
Morocco, and the launching of a World Bank/Global Environment Facility project
on biodiversity conservation by the Moroccan Government, are reported by WWF
(undated). They further report "the enlargement of the national protected
areas network, creation of new national parks, declare a number of these
priority sites as nature reserves, and improve the management systems of 13
areas, by establishing management plans, improving local capacity, and involving
local populations in nature resource management are amongst the goals".
1. Cedrus
species: background.
The Cedrus genus
itself is generally divided into four separate species, but other
classifications have reduced the number to two. For example Cedarwood Atlas: Cedrus
atlantica (Endl.) Carr is classified by some workers as a geographical
subspecies of Cedar of Lebanon, and so becomes Cedrus libani subsp. atlantica
(Endl.) Batt. & Trabut. We can briefly summarise these classifications in a
table as follows:
|Common name
|Botanical classification
|Alternative botanical classification
|Ecological Status
Atlas; Atlantic Cedar
atlantica (Endl.)
libani subsp. atlantica
(Endl.) Battand. & Trabut.
investigation for possible Red List entry:
|Cyprus Cedar
|Cedrus brevifolia (Hook
f.) Henry
Cedrus libani subsp.
brevifolia (Hook f.) Meikle
restricted to 200 ha in Cyprus (Maheshwari 1970); or now 500 ha ? (Vidakovic
deodara (D. Don) G. Don f.
Cedrus libani subsp. deodara
(D. Don) Sell
exploited for railway
sleepers, construction timber, some furniture making and firewood uses.
of Lebanon
range & Asia Minor)
Cedrus libanotica
var. libani : low risk/near threatened
in Syria: IUCN (2004).
Threatened in Lebanon:
Khuri et al. (2000)
Table 1: True
Cedarwoods: common & botanical names and ecological status.
A detailed review of
the Cedarwood oils has been published (Burfield
2002, 2003a, 2003b).
2. Ecological status
of forests containing Cedrus atlantica.
The disappearing
Mediterranean conifer forests & eco-regions of N. Africa specifically extend
over N. Morocco, N. Tunisia and N.W. Algeria. A non-peer reviewed, but
informative paper by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF undated) describes
the conservation status of these conifer
forests as Critical / Endangered. The
conifer zone of Morocco is described in the same article as consisting largely
of Cedrus atlantica together with other species, according to location
– indeed the Atlas Cedar in strongly associated with Morocco's ancient
forests in literature covering the last 5,000 years (Mardaga 1999). Many
of the taxa found in the Moroccan conifer forests are amongst some two hundred
included as threatened species in the IUCN Red List (2004) for Morocco; some
additional species (WWF undated) are tabulated below.
Tazi M. et al. present a modest program for the conservation
of plant genetic resources of Morocco in the face of the present genetic erosion
at http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/Morocco/Paper6.htm.
|Abies numidica
|Critically endangered
|Abies marocana
Moroccan Rif
Critically endangered
Pinus nigra ssp. mauretania
Moroccan Rif, Algerian
Critically endangered
Pinus pinaster ssp. hamiltonii
var. maghrebiana
Moroccan Rif & Middle
Critically endangered
Table 2. – Other Endangered Species in the N. African Conifer Forests
(after WWF: undated)
The status of cedarwood
forests is further explained in a 1997 document on Morocco's Protected Areas
Management Project which can be seen at http://www.gefweb.org/wprogram/mor-anxa.doc,
which describes the Ifrane National park in the Moyen-Atlas central (54,000 ha)
essentially based on Cedrus atlantica. (Benabid 2000 reports C.
atlantica with Quercus faginea,
Quercus rotundifolia, Pinus
pinaster var. maghrebiana & Juniperus thruifera amongst
the 600-700 endemic spp.)
Mixed forest area in High Atlas
The Bou Iblane I area (12,000 hectares) is
similarly described (part of site is Cedrus
atlantica mixed with green oak Quercus
rotundifolia and part with the juniper tree species Juniperus
thurifera), which is legally unprotected:
young cedar trees are uprooted to provide winter
grazing for livestock and juniper forerst is degrading from
overgrazing. The Jbel Tichoukt area (12,000 ha), also with
cedar forest threatened by overgrazing by livestock, is further
In many areas, in addition to overgrazing threats, the uncontrolled gathering of firewood/illegal logging by local peoples whose needs are not being met, is threatening the survival of Cedarwood Atlas trees; other threats include fire. WWF (undated) refers to the transformation in Berber life from a semi-Nomadic existence to a more settled permanence as putting an un-met requirement for fuel, as being a factor in illegal logging.
Photo A Berber Village in the High Atlas
A thesis on hearth
fuel acquisition in the Imnane valley in Morocco's High Atlas at http://peacecorps.mtu.edu/DownsCM.pdf
may provide some insight on such communities that depend on wood fuels, to the
reader. However these problems are longstanding: a 1988 article on Toubkal
National Park at http://ims.wcmc.org.uk/IPIECA2/sitesht/1120v.html
refer to these very same factors (uncontrolled herding, illegal timber &
wood extraction, fire) with little/no active conservation management being
evident. Ciani A.C. & Castillo P. (undated) describe
a dramatic increase in forest degradation due to overgrazing since
the 1970's (including the cutting of vegetation from cedar trees by axe which
eventually kills the tree which causes very severe damage). The authors also
describe the effects of the 1991-1996 drought in the Middle Atlas, where the
water table dropped severely, and debarking of cedar trees by Barbary macaques
further degraded the cedar forest.
Specific information
on illegal logging is difficult to obtain; Hmamouchi (2001a) refers to the
illegal felling of trees and illegal clearing as amongst
the principal obstacles to the development of plant medicine in Morocco.
Ciani A.C. & Castillo P. (undated) report that the legal logging of cedar
trees by Eaux et Forets Dept. of the Ministry of Agriculture proceeds according
to management plans, but the rate of extraction is based on the over-optimistic
capability of existing forest regeneration policies.
Benabid (2000) also documents the following areas
as containing Cedrus atlantica trees: Bou Naucer (high mountain region in
the Moyen Atlas Oriental covering 14,000 ha); Parc Nationale de Talassemtane (Rif
Central Occidental covering 60,000 ha); Parc Nationale de Tazekka (northern part
of Moyen Atlas Oriental 12,000 ha); Parc Nationale du Haute Atlas Oriental
(49,000 ha). Whilst Cedarwood Atlas trees appears to
be well conserved in specific areas of parkland, the ecosystem is very fragile -
often the margins are subject to degradation by erosion, demineralisation,
dehydration, desertification etc. resulting in areas of complete desolation [Pujos
(1986); Benabid (1982) & (1985); M'hirit (1982); Quezel et al.
(1987) – all through Benabid (2000)]. Benabid (2000) for example describes the
areas of the Moyen Atlas Plissé and High Atlas Oriental regions as ecologically
fragile, subject to desertification, and unfavourable for Cedars, those present
often being found dead or damaged.
Cedarwood Commodities: Cedarwood Oil Atlas
is produced by steam distillation or high pressure steam distillation of the
wood at a yield of 3-5% from the branches, waste wood, and especially the
sawdust of the pyramidal Cedrus atlantica tree itself, which has not been
described in detail here so far. It is an ascendingly branched tree, with
evergreen needles, which can grow up to 50m. or exceptionally to 65m. at an
elevation of 1400-2500m. in humid and cold subhumid zones. It survives on
several different types of soil in the 133,653 hectares of Cedar forest
(according to Mardaga 1999) in the Middle Atlas, Rif central and Grand Atlas
Oriental, and the Middle Atlas Oriental areas of Morocco, where Cedar forest
might constitute some 2.8% of the total area of Moroccan forest (Mardarga 1999).
The tree also grows in N.W. Algeria, scattered widely over 300 km2 in
the Tellien Atlas. Cultivars of the tree have been imported into N. America
(especially into milder parts of British Columbia) & Canada as ornamentals -
the cultivar C. atlantica f. glauca (Blue Cedar) is especially
admired for its blue foliage. It is used as a reforestation tree in France,
Italy, Bulgaria etc., but it is susceptible to pest attacks when grown in Europe
[Ciani & Castillo (undated)].
Essential oil
production in Morocco was estimated at 7 tons per annum by Lawrence (1985) but
levels of Cedarwood Atlas concrete production tonnage (solvent extraction
of the wood by cyclohexane or other solvents – benzene was formerly used) are
unrecorded. Cedarwood Atlas concrete (anomalously called a "resinoid")
does find some use in perfumery because of its good fixative properties and
finer odour than the oil (Arctander 1960). The more valued "absolute"
is produced from the concrete by fractional distillation. The essential oil
nowadays has limited uses in perfumery because of its strong detracting urinic
odour compared with the finer notes of the oil of Cedarwood Virginian. However,
a 1936 edition of Poucher (Poucher 1936) desribes a mimosa aspect to the oil,
and indicates that the double rectified oil of Cedrus atlantica was, at
the time, considered of use in soap perfumery, the terpeneless oil useful in
perfumery and the solvent extracted resinoid useful in soap fragrancing in spite
of its dark colour. A Moroccan medical plant reference book (Hmamouchi M. 2001)
only describes the traditional use (wood, leaves) as an anti-inflammatory for
rheumatism, but warns of neurotoxic effects. Gattefossé reports on Massey's
therapeutic study of Cedarwood Atlas and its uses in venerology a centaury ago (Gattefossé
1937); the oil has since been successfully marketed into aromatherapy, where it
is employed for its' antiseptic, anticatarrhal, circulatory stimulant and
expectorant properties.
Cedarwood Atlas tree has been important in the socio-economy of Morocco, being
suitable for furniture making, carpentry, construction work, and by
dry-distillation, for tar-making. Benabid (2000) also mentions that the leaves
(needles) are using in tanning. Like all cedarwoods, the wood it is fragrant,
insect repellent and rot-resistant due to the essential oil content. However it
is not known with any certainty, what level of extra pressure on the shrinking
conifer forests, or the wider environmental impact implications that the
continued extraction of essential oil & resin from the tree has had.
Further, the skin sensitivity problems associated with the production of
fragrant lichen products from oakmoss (Evernia
& treemoss (Pseudoevernia
with Usnea
qualities which
are used in perfumery, have led to an much-increased demand for Moroccan Cedarmoss
extracts (from the lichen Evernia furfuracea),
which grow on, and are gathered from, Cedarwood Atlas trees.
Heavy growth of Cedarmoss
on a
author has not been able to find any damage/impact data relating to the
increased rate of gathering of Cedarmoss from Cedarwood forests; however Ciani
A.C. & Castillo P. (undated) describe the economic production of this
activity- and other cedar forest activities such as essential oil production,
honey-bee breeding and ethno-medicinal production - as being low.
(1999) in a major work on the Moroccan forest system describes the explains the
necessity for silviculture in Morocco's natural forest and describes schemes
of regeneration for Cedarwood Atlas in plantations stretching over 120 years and
involving thinning developing trees down from a rate of 5,000 per hectare down
to an eventual 100 per hectare - by which time the trunk diameter is 30cm (at
120 years plus). As we have seen in previous Cropwatch reports with similar
long-maturing tree schemes (Sandalwood East Indian, Rosewood Brazilian) (see http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~nodice/)
these plans for sustainability may be commendable in some respects, but may have
too much built-in vulnerability to be relied on totally.
It is apparent
that stricter management of the critically endangered and rapidly diminishing
conifer forest areas of Morocco, in conjunction with meeting the basic needs of
local people, is still an urgent priority. Meanwhile the exploitation of
shrinking conifer forests for Cedarmoss, Cedarwood oil Atlas, its resinoid and
absolute, by the aroma trade should be halted right now, in my opinion, until a
comprehensive environmental impact study is available, the area is adequately
conserved, and adequate resources for natural regeneration are available.
acre = 4,046 square metres (m2)
= 0.405 hectare
hectare = 10,000 square metres (m2)
= 2.471 acres = 0.01 square
A square kilometre = 1,000,000 square metre = 100 hectares = 247.105381
Acres = 0.386102 square miles.
Arctander S. (1960) Perfume & Flavour Materials of Natural Origin
Elizabeth NJ (USA).
Benabid A. (1982) Etudes phytoécologique, biogéographique, et dynamique
des associations et séries sylvatiques du Rif occidental (Maroc). Thčse
Docr. čs- Sc. Fac. Sci. et Tech. St-Jérôme, Aix-Marseille III, 199p. +
Benabid A. (1985) Les Ecosystčmes forestiers Maricaines: Diversité, biogégraphie
et degradation. Foręt méditerranéenne, Marseillle, T.7.
Benabid A. (2000) Flore et Écosystčmes du Maroc Éditions Ibis
Press, Paris, 2000.
Burfield (2002) "Cedarwood Oils – Part One" Aromatherapy Times
Vol 1(55) Winter 2002 pp 14-15.
Burfield (2003a) "Cedarwood Oil - Part 2" Aromatherapy Times
Spring 2003 Vol 1(56) p14-16.
Burfield (2003b) "Cedarwood Oil – Part 3: Therapeutic Properties" Aromatherapy
Times, Summer
2003 Vol 1(57) pp 16-18.
Ciani A.C. & Castillo P. (undated) "The Desertification Process in the
last natural forest of the Southern Meditteranean Region" – see http://www.psy.unipd.it/~eto/testi/articoli/cretepau.html
Gattefossé R.-M. (1937) Aromathérapie
les Huilles Essentielles Hormones Végétales Gardot et Cie Paris 1937.
Hmamouchi M. (2001) Les Plantes
Medicinales et Atomatiques Marocaines (pvt publicn) 2nd edn 2001
Hmamouchi M. (2001) ibid p25.
IUCN (2004): Conifer
Specialist Group 1998. Cedrus libani var. libani. In: IUCN 2004. 2004
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.redlist.org>.
Khuri S.
"Conservation of the Cedrus
libani populations in Lebanon: history, current status and experimental
application of somatic embryogenesis" Biodiversity and Conservation 9
(9): 1261-1273, September 2000.
B.M. (1985): "A review of the world production of essential oils (1984)" Perf.
Flav. 10(5) 1-16.
Maheshwari P & Biswas C. (1970)
"Botanical Monograph No. 5 - Cedrus" CSIRA New Delhi p3.
Mardaga (1999) Le
grand livre de la Foret Morocaine pub. P.
Amardaga Spimont (Belgium) 1999.
M'hirit O. (1982) Etude écologique et
forestičre des cédraies du Rif Marocain. Ann. Rech. Forest. No. 22.
S.R.F. Rabat.
Poucher W.A. (1936) Perfumes,
Cosmetics and Soaps Vol 1 Chapman & Hall, London 4th edn 1936
p 49-50.
Pujos A. (1966) "Les milieux de la
cedraine Marocaine" Ann. Rech. Forest., Rabat, 8, 283.
Quezel P., Barbero M. & Benabid
A. (1987) "Contribution ŕ l'étude des groupements forestiers et préforestiers
du Haut Atlas oriental (Maroc)" Ecol. Medit. Marseille, 13(1/2),
Tazi M. , Birouk A. , Mellas H. & Maghnouj M. "Plant genetic resources
conservation and documentation in Morocco" – see http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/Morocco/Paper6.htm
Thirgood, J.V.
(1984) The Demise of Barbary Macaque Habitat - Past and Present Forest
Cover of the Maghreb. pp 19 - 69 in The Barbary Macaque. A case study in
conservation. J.E. Fa, ed. New York, Plenum Press, 1984.
NCED (1994) United Nation convention
to combat desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or
desertification, particularly in Africa. New York, 1994 [through Ciani A.C.
& Castillo P. (undated) above].
Vidakovic, Mirko (1991) Conifers: morphology and variation. Translated
from Croatian by Maja Soljan. Croatia: Graficki Zavod Hrvatske.
WWF (undated) – see: http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0513_full.html


text:
- Florida
- Tampa
- Riverview
- Magnolia Park
- Riviana
Home Features
- 1/2 HP Food Disposal Unit
- 3 cm Granite or 2 cm Blanco City Quartz Countertops
- 36" Designer Maple Cabinets with Crown (Single-family homes)
- Designer® wood cabinetry with Crown (Townhomes)
- Ice maker line plumbed-in
- Stainless Steel 50/50 Undermount Sink
- Whirlpool® Black Ceramic Top Range
- Whirlpool® Black Microwave
- Whirlpool® Black Multi-Cycle Dishwasher
- High-efficiency heat pump and central 15 SEER A/C Unit
- Insulated ductwork throughout
- Low-E vinyl dual pane windows
- R-30 Ceiling Insulation
- R-4.1 Insulation with Vapor Shield on Block Walls
- 30" Panel
- Exterior garden hose bibs (location per plan)
- Front door chime
- Hard-wired carbon monoxide and smoke detectors
- Pre-Wired for Ceiling Fans in Bedrooms (per plan)
- Pre-Wired Telephone Outlets CAT 6 (per plan)
- Pre-Wired TV Outlets RG6 (per plan)
- Recessed lighting in the kitchen
- Water conserving elongated water closets
- Weather-proof exterior outlets (location per plan)
- Dimensional 30-year shingle roof
- Hurricane Shutters Included
- Sentricon® Termite Colony Elimination System on the perimeter of home
- Sherwin-Williams® Flex Lox® high quality exterior paint
- Access to Owner's Entry online homecare portal
- Homeowner's Limited Warranty Program
- Sentricon® termite treatment system
- Taexx® Tubes-In-The-Wall™ patented pest defense system
- 17" Ceramic Floor Tile in Foyer, Kitchen, Baths and Laundry Room
- Knock-down textured ceilings
- Orange-peel textured walls
- Schlage® Exterior Door Hardware
- Shaw® carpeting in designer colors
- Irrigation System with St. Augustine in Front and Rear Yards
- Comfort Height Vanities in all Baths
- Dual Sinks in Owner's Bathroom
- Vikrell® Shower Stall in Owner's Shower
- Vikrell® Tub in Secondary Bath (per plan)
- Durable poured-concrete foundation walls
- Professionally Engineered Roof Trusses with Hurricane Tie Downs for Wind Protection
- Structurally engineered joist floor and roof trusses
Homesite Map
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text:
PHP Programming/Coding Standards
- 1 Indenting and Line Length
- 2 HTML Standards
- 3 CSS Standards
- 4 JavaScript Syntax
- 5 PHP Syntax
- 5.1 Request Vars
- 5.3 Control Structures
- 5.4 Function Calls
- 5.5 Function Definitions
- 5.6 Comments
- 5.7 Including Code
- 5.8 PHP Code Tags
- 5.9 Header Comment Blocks
- 5.10 Example URLs
- 5.11 Naming Conventions
- 5.12 File Formats
- 5.13 Sample File
Indenting and Line Length[edit]
Use an indent of one tab (no spaces! Good IDEs can convert this to pseudo spaces - 2, 4, etc.). If you use Emacs to edit your code, you should set indent-tabs-mode to nil. It is recommended that you break lines at approximately 75-85 characters. There is no standard rule for the best way to break a line; use your judgement. This applies to all file types: PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc.
Indentation rules should be applied in the source file that will be edited by others. The visual appeal of HTML output should not be taken into consideration when writing code that generates HTML.
HTML Standards[edit]
As of September 2006, the DocType on our documents will be XHTML 1.0 Transitional. Therefore, compliant HTML according to the XHTML 1.0 standard should be used at all times. Exceptions should be just that. A good reference for the XHTML elements can be found at DevGuru.
Also, to ensure that the box model is done correctly by Internet Explorer 6, we must use the following DocType on all pages. Only this doc type is to be used. No other information should be placed before it.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Element Usage[edit]
When at all possible, try and use standard HTML elements properly. "Div Soup" should be avoided at all times. "Div Soup" refers to HTML where a div (or span) is used when it is not needed. For example, if you need a word to be bolded, do not use a  tag and apply a style. Instead, use the  tag.
Tables should be used only when data needs to be displayed in columns. One cell tables should never be used.
One common exception is needing to use
 tags in place of
 tags when the contents of the tag will be other block level elements such as
.

this is the headline

This is the body with an important word.

Posted 2 days ago
CSS Standards[edit]
Inline styles should be avoided!
Styles in CSS files should be as specific as possible. One should always try to avoid using a bare class name. If you are styling an object that has a container, your style should reference the continer as well as the element being styled. The more verbose your styles in your CSS the less likely you will mess up another element on another page accidentally.
The most efficient way to style an element is by styling that type of element inside a container. If only one element needs to be styled in a special way, it should be assigned and id and styled using the id and preferably a container.
Here is some HTML from our sidebar:

 Categories
Computer

Electronics

Gaming & Toys

Office & Supplies

DVDs, Music, Books

Clothing & Accessories

Home & Garden

Everything Else

Store Events

Coupons

Gift Ideas

 Stores
Amazon.com

Buy.com

CircuitCity.com

Dell Home

BestBuy.com

CompUSA.com

Dell Small Business

Newegg.com

Meritline

And here is a small bit of how we style those elements.
#sidebar ul {
list-style: none;
margin: 0 0 15px 0;
padding: 0 0 4px 0;
#sidebar ul label {
color: White;
display: block;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 100%;
margin: 0 0 4px 0;
padding: 6px 8px 4px 10px;
#sidebar ul label a, #sidebar ul label a:visited {
color: White;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
#sidebar ul li {
font-size: 95%;
margin: 0 0 4px 0;
padding: 2px 8px 2px 12px;
#sidebar ul li a {
display: block;
color: Black;
text-decoration: none;
#sidebar ul.gray {
background: #DDDDE2 url('http://images.dealnews.com/dealnews/backgrounds/sidebar/footer_light_gray.png') no-repeat 0 100%;
#sidebar ul.gray label {
color: White;
background: #75758A url('http://images.dealnews.com/dealnews/backgrounds/sidebar/header_dark_gray.png') no-repeat 0 0;
#sidebar ul.blue {
background: #EBEBFA url('http://images.dealnews.com/dealnews/backgrounds/sidebar/footer_light_blue.png') no-repeat 0 100%;
#sidebar ul.blue label {
color: White;
background: #2E2E6B url('http://images.dealnews.com/dealnews/backgrounds/sidebar/header_dark_blue.png') no-repeat 0 0;
#sidebar #categories li.current {
color: #FF9A00;
font-weight: bold;
This verbosity ensures that other elements are not accidentally styled.
JavaScript Syntax[edit]
See PHP Syntax Below. The languages are similar enough that the same rules should apply in most cases.
PHP Syntax[edit]
Request Vars[edit]
Although our servers currently have register_globals enabled, PHP 6 will remove this option. Therefore, in new code, you should always use the super globals $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE. $_REQUEST should be used only when it is known for sure that a variable could be supplied using multiple methods.
PHP & HTML[edit]
No "template system" such as Smarty will be used. PHP itself is a templating language. A best effort should be made to arrange your code by putting logic at the top of file and output at the bottom of the file. Sometimes that will require looping the same information twice. However, this will make the code much more maintainable.
<?php $sql = "select * from publications"; $PHEWSDB->query($sql); while($rec = $PHEWSDB->fetch_array()){ $publications[] = $rec; } ?>
 Publications <?php foreach($publications as $pub) { ?>
<?=$pub["name"]?>
 <?php } ?>

Control Structures[edit]
These include if, for, while, switch, etc.
if (condition1 || condition2) { action1; } elseif (condition3 && (condition4 || condition5)) { action2; } else { defaultaction; }
Control statements should have one space between the control keyword and opening parenthesis, to distinguish them from function calls.
You are strongly encouraged to always use curly braces even in situations where they are technically optional. Having them increases readability and decreases the likelihood of logic errors being introduced when new lines are added.
switch (condition) { case 1: action1; break; case 2: action2; break; default: defaultaction; break; }
Function Calls[edit]
Functions should be called with no spaces between the function name, the opening parenthesis, and the first parameter; spaces between commas and each parameter, and no space between the last parameter, the closing parenthesis, and the semicolon.
$var = foo($bar, $baz, $quux);
As displayed above, there should be one space on either side of an equals sign used to assign the return value of a function to a variable. In the case of a block of related assignments, more space may be inserted to promote readability:
$short = foo($bar); $long_variable = foo($baz);
Function Definitions[edit]
Function declarations are similar to function calls with the beginning brace on the same line as the function declaration.
function foo_func($arg1, $arg2 = '') { if (condition) { statement; } return $val; }
Arguments with default values go at the end of the argument list. Always attempt to return a meaningful value from a function if one is appropriate.
function connect(&$dsn, $persistent = false) { if (is_array($dsn)) { $dsninfo = &$dsn; } else { $dsninfo = DB::parseDSN($dsn); } if (!$dsninfo || !$dsninfo['phptype']) { return $this->raiseError(); } return true; }
Complete inline documentation comment blocks (docblocks) must be provided. Please read the Sample File and Header Comment Blocks sections to learn the specifics of writing docblocks for PHP. Further information can be found on the phpDocumentor website.
Non-documentation comments are strongly encouraged. A rule of thumb is that if you look at a section of code and think "Wow, I don't want to try and describe that", you need to comment it before you forget how it works.
C style comments (/* */) and standard C++ comments (//) are both fine. The use of Perl / shell style comments (#) is strongly discouraged.
Including Code[edit]
Anywhere you are unconditionally including a class file, use require_once. Anywhere you are conditionally including a class file, use include_once. Either of these will ensure that class files are included only once. They share the same file list, so you don't need to worry about mixing them - a file included with require_once will not be included again by include_once.
PHP Code Tags[edit]
Always use <?php ?> to delimit PHP code, not the <? ?> shorthand. This is the most portable way to include PHP code on different operating systems and server setups.
Header Comment Blocks[edit]
All source code files shall contain a "page-level" docblock at the top of each file and a "class-level" docblock immediately above each class or function.
<?php /** * Short description for file * * Long description for file (if any)... * * @category CategoryName * @package PackageName * @author Original Author <firstname.lastname@example.com> * @author Another Author <email@example.com> * @copyright 1997-2005 The PHP Group * @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0 * @version CVS: $Id:$ * @link http://pear.php.net/package/PackageName * @see NetOther, Net_Sample::Net_Sample() * @since File available since Release 1.2.0 * @deprecated File deprecated in Release 2.0.0 */ /* * Place includes, constant defines and $_GLOBAL settings here. * Make sure they have appropriate docblocks to avoid phpDocumentor * construing they are documented by the page-level docblock. */ /** * Short description for class * * Long description for class (if any)... * * @category CategoryName * @package PackageName * @author Original Author <email@example.com> * @author Another Author <firstname.lastname@example.com> * @copyright 1997-2005 The PHP Group * @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0 * @version Release: @package_version@ * @link http://pear.php.net/package/PackageName * @see NetOther, Net_Sample::Net_Sample() * @since Class available since Release 1.2.0 * @deprecated Class deprecated in Release 2.0.0 */ class foo { } ?>
Required Tags That Have Variable Content[edit]
Short Descriptions[edit]
Short descriptions must be provided for all docblocks. They should be a quick sentence, not the name of the item. Please read the Coding Standard's Sample File about how to write good descriptions.
There's no hard rule to determine when a new code contributor should be added to the list of authors for a given source file. In general, their changes should fall into the "substantial" category (meaning somewhere around 10% to 20% of code changes). Exceptions could be made for rewriting functions or contributing new logic.
Simple code reorganization or bug fixes would not justify the addition of a new individual to the list of authors.
This tag is required when a file or class is added after the package's initial release. Do not use it in an initial release.
This tag is required when a file or class is no longer used but has been left in place for backwards compatibility.
Order and Spacing[edit]
To ease long-term readability of the source code, the text and tags must conform to the order and spacing provided in the example above. This standard is adopted from the JavaDoc standard.
Example URLs[edit]
Use example.com, example.org and example.net for all example URLs and email addresses, per RFC 2606.
Naming Conventions[edit]
Classes should be given descriptive names. Avoid using abbreviations where possible. Class names should always begin with an uppercase letter and use mixed case to separate words.
Examples of good class names are:
Log NetFinger HTMLUploadError
Functions, Methods and Variable Names[edit]
Functions, methods and variable names should be named using the Unix C style. If applicable, functions should have the package or library name as a prefix to avoid name collisions. Names should be all lowercase with each new "word" separated by an underscore(_). Some examples:
connect() get_data() build_some_widget() $i $count $temp_array
Private class members (meaning class members that are intended to be used only from within the same class in which they are declared are preceded by a single underscore. For example:
_sort() _init_tree() $this->_status
Constants and Global Variables[edit]
Constants and global variables should always be all-uppercase, with underscores to separate words. Prefix constant names with the uppercased name of the class/package they are used in. For example, the constants used by a package named DB begin with DB_.
Note: The true, false and null constants are excepted from the all-uppercase rule, and must always be lowercase.
File Formats[edit]
All scripts must:
- Be stored as ASCII text
- Use ISO-8859-1 character encoding
- Be Unix formatted, which means:
- Lines must end only with a line feed (LF). Line feeds are represented as ordinal 10, octal 012 and hex 0A. Do not use carriage returns (CR) like Macintosh computers do or the carriage return/line feed combination (CRLF) like Windows computers do.
- It is recommended that the last character in the file is a line feed. This means that when the cursor is at the very end of the file, it should be one line below the last line of text. Some utilities, such as diff, will complain if the last character in the file is not a line feed.
Sample File[edit]
Each docblock in the example contains many details about writing Docblock Comments. Following those instructions is important for two reasons. First, when docblocks are easy to read, users and developers can quickly ascertain what your code does.
Please take note of the vertical and horizontal spacing. They are part of the standard.
<?php /** * Short description for file * * Long description for file (if any)... * * @category CategoryName * @package PackageName * @author Original Author <email@example.com> * @author Another Author <firstname.lastname@example.com> * @copyright 1997-2005 The PHP Group * @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0 * @version CVS: $Id:$ * @link http://pear.php.net/package/PackageName * @see NetOther, Net_Sample::Net_Sample() * @since File available since Release 1.2.0 * @deprecated File deprecated in Release 2.0.0 */ /** * This is a "Docblock Comment," also known as a "docblock." The class' * docblock, below, contains a complete description of how to write these. */ require_once 'PEAR.php'; /** * Methods return this if they succeed */ define('NET_SAMPLE_OK', 1); /** * The number of objects created * @global int $GLOBALS['NET_SAMPLE_COUNT'] */ $GLOBALS['NET_SAMPLE_COUNT'] = 0; /** * An example of how to write code to PEAR's standards * * Docblock comments start with "/**" at the top. Notice how the "/" * lines up with the normal indenting and the asterisks on subsequent rows * are in line with the first asterisk. The last line of comment text * should be immediately followed on the next line by the closing asterisk * and slash and then the item you are commenting on should be on the next * line below that. Don't add extra lines. Please put a blank line * between paragraphs as well as between the end of the description and * the start of the @tags. Wrap comments before 80 columns in order to * ease readability for a wide variety of users. * * Docblocks can only be used for programming constructs that allow them * (classes, properties, methods, defines, includes, globals). See the * phpDocumentor documentation for more information. * http://phpdoc.org/docs/HTMLSmartyConverter/default/phpDocumentor/tutorial_phpDocumentor.howto.pkg.html * * The Javadoc Style Guide is an excellent resource for figuring out * how to say what needs to be said in docblock comments. Much of what is * written here is a summary of what is found there, though there are some * cases where what's said here overrides what is said there. * http://java.sun.com/j2se/javadoc/writingdoccomments/index.html#styleguide * * The first line of any docblock is the summary. Make them one short * sentence, without a period at the end. Summaries for classes, properties * and constants should omit the subject and simply state the object, * because they are describing things rather than actions or behaviors. * * Below are the tags commonly used for classes. @category through @access * are required. The remainder should only be used when necessary. * Please use them in the order they appear here. phpDocumentor has * several other tags available, feel free to use them. * * @category CategoryName * @package PackageName * @author Original Author <email@example.com> * @author Another Author <email@example.com> * @copyright 1997-2005 The PHP Group * @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0 * @version Release: @package_version@ * @link http://pear.php.net/package/PackageName * @see NetOther, Net_Sample::Net_Sample() * @since Class available since Release 1.2.0 * @deprecated Class deprecated in Release 2.0.0 */ class Net_Sample { /** * The status of foo's universe * * Potential values are 'good', 'fair', 'poor' and 'unknown'. * * @var string */ var $foo = 'unknown'; /** * The status of life * * Note that names of private properties or methods must be * preceeded by an underscore. * * @var bool * @access private */ var $_good = true; /** * Registers the status of foo's universe * * Summaries for methods should use 3rd person declarative rather * than 2nd person imperative, beginning with a verb phrase. * * Summaries should add description beyond the method's name. The * best method names are "self-documenting", meaning they tell you * basically what the method does. If the summary merely repeats * the method name in sentence form, it is not providing more * information. * * Summary Examples: * + Sets the label (preferred) * + Set the label (avoid) * + This method sets the label (avoid) * * Below are the tags commonly used for methods. A @param tag is * required for each parameter the method has. The @return and * @access tags are mandatory. The @throws tag is required if the * method uses exceptions. @static is required if the method can * be called statically. The remainder should only be used when * necessary. Please use them in the order they appear here. * phpDocumentor has several other tags available, feel free to use * them. * * The @param tag contains the data type, then the parameter's * name, followed by a description. By convention, the first noun in * the description is the data type of the parameter. Articles like * "a", "an", and "the" can precede the noun. The descriptions * should start with a phrase. If further description is necessary, * follow with sentences. Having two spaces between the name and the * description aids readability. * * When writing a phrase, do not capitalize and do not end with a * period: * + the string to be tested * * When writing a phrase followed by a sentence, do not capitalize the * phrase, but end it with a period to distinguish it from the start * of the next sentence: * + the string to be tested. Must use UTF-8 encoding. * * Return tags should contain the data type then a description of * the data returned. The data type can be any of PHP's data types * (int, float, bool, string, array, object, resource, mixed) * and should contain the type primarily returned. For example, if * a method returns an object when things work correctly but false * when an error happens, say 'object' rather than 'mixed.' Use * 'void' if nothing is returned. * * Here's an example of how to format examples: * <sample> * require_once 'Net/Sample.php'; * * $s = new Net_Sample(); * if (PEAR::isError($s)) { * echo $s->getMessage() . "\n"; * } * </sample> * * @param string $arg1 the string to quote * @param int $arg2 an integer of how many problems happened. * Indent to the description's starting point * for long ones. * * @return int the integer of the set mode used. FALSE if foo * foo could not be set. * @throws exceptionclass [description] * * @access public * @static * @see Net_Sample::$foo, Net_Other::someMethod() * @since Method available since Release 1.2.0 * @deprecated Method deprecated in Release 2.0.0 */ function set_foo($arg1, $arg2 = 0) { /* * This is a "Block Comment." The format is the same as * Docblock Comments except there is only one asterisk at the * top. phpDocumentor doesn't parse these. */ if ($arg1 == 'good' || $arg1 == 'fair') { $this->foo = $arg1; return 1; } else if ($arg1 == 'poor' && $arg2 > 1) { $this->foo = 'poor'; return 2; } else { return false; } } } ?>


text:
A combination of the words spandex and jeans; a speaner is a person who wears extremely tight jeans, shoes with big-ass tongues and florescent shoe laces, listens to "hipster" bands, and is very sad for no reason.
That speaner can barely walk because his jeans are too tight, his shoes are too big, and he is crying while he listens to Fall Out Boy.
by William Poochsag May 18, 2011


text:
Portland, Maine Paralegal Jobs
Looking for Paralegal Jobs in Portland, Maine? See currently available Paralegal job openings in Portland, Maine on paralegal.jobs.net . Browse the current listings and fill out job applications.
paralegal.jobs.net is the starting point for a job search in any paralegal job in Portland, Maine . We provide job resources for Paralegal positions throughout the industry in Portland, Maine. paralegal.jobs.net also provides Paralegal jobs listings from around the United States. Job seekers can search and apply for jobs in Paralegal by either city or state.
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Get started on your paralegal job search in Portland, Maine on paralegal.jobs.net today.
Current Portland, Maine Paralegal Jobs
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text:
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text:
One of the critical goals of the Campaign for Utah State University was to increase the endowment to create lasting support for students. Through the many contributions ranging from in-kind donations to multi-million dollar gifts, USU met that goal. Sophomores, juniors, seniors, graduate students and those at our regional campuses will feel the effects of that generosity for decades to come.
Throughout the course of the campaign, USU raised $32 million alone to establish 195 new scholarship endowments to be used by students over time. This means that the hundreds of students being supported today will, over the years, turn into thousands and tens of thousands. In addition, $26 million in expendable scholarship funds were given as gifts to be used by students immediately.
A total of 234 endowments were created during the course of the campaign spanning across all seven colleges. Endowment gifts represent a crucial source of funding as well as a lasting legacy. In recognition, many endowments are named after the donor or someone the donor wishes to honor.
The many people, whether they are alumni, students or friends, connected to the university throughout the course of the campaign, forever changed the course of its future as a premier land-grant research institution. Having accomplished the goal of creating a stronger and more financially secure endowment, USU will continue to recruit high quality students as well as faculty that are leaders in their fields.


text:
Ask And You Shall Receive: Starburst Mirrors
We had a request from a reader in the comments from yesterday's post called Canopy Beds with Hanging Mirrors to put together a collection of affordable starburst options with purchasing information.
The starburst mirror is a classic design staple that feel equally at home in traditional or modern interiors. Please enjoy this list of attractive choices at different pricepoints, and let us know how you'd implement them in your space!
1. Ethan Allen Mini Silver Starburst Mirror $219
2. Crate&Barrel Starburst Mirror $199
3. Worlds Away Goya Starburst Mirror $759
4. Antique Silver Sunshine Wall Mirror $459.91
5. Global Direct Starburst Gold Leaf Round Framed Mirror $520
6. Layla Grace Josephine Starburst Gold Leaf Mirror $678
7. Horchow Cyrus Sunburst Mirror $249.90
8. Suzanne Kasler Sunburst Mirror #3 $149
9. Williams-Sonoma Home Sunburst Round Glass Mirror $295
10. Home Decorators Collection Sunburst Antiqued Gold Wall Mirror $319


text:
For various reasons I have decided not to carry on with this blog. I would like to thank everybody who has been reading it up to now especially Anairam from fra(a)iing, Kendalee from Dance of a Painted Lady, Linda Sue from All I Ever Wanted, Lynne from love dream live at home, Denise from Mormar, Corinne fom Hidden in France and Mila from Loveology. You guys always gave me special encouragement with your fabulous comments and I enjoy catching up with you on your blogs, and reading your blogs. I'll still be reading your blogs and hopefully keeping in touch.
I have started a fashion blog in the meantime (not the reason I'm giving up this blog), I'm not sure that fashion is everyone's cup of tea, but if you'd like to check it out it's called FashionAbility, and the link is here.
I might start another creative/inspiration type of blog in the not too distant future focusing on journal art, with my photography and other photography I enjoy.....something along those lines. If you'd like me to keep you informed, please do drop me me a mail, I'll keep this blog's mail address open and will check in also incase anyone wants to keep in touch with me.
Thanks again to everyone who has followed my ramblings, and also to all the wonderful blogs on my blogroll for all the amazing inspiration you so generously share.
I'll leave you with one last fabulous link, for anyone who enjoys classic vintage fashion photography, make yourself a cup of tea or coffee, and prepare to disppear for a few hours into the world of Agent Lee which I have loved doing in some of my spare moments since I discovered it a couple of months ago. The link is here.


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A 5 versions Christmas package (full version, rhythm tracks, 30 seconds variations, loop) of the instrumental tune "Magical Christmas"! A tune with a very positive mood and feel, a beautiful classical breakdown and strong melody and up tempo vibe. It a real Christmas song! Fast tempo (170BPM) in the key of G major with Bells, Tubular Bells, nice strumming acoustic guitars, strings, electric guitar, 60's feel drums, bass guitar, beautiful piano melody and a full orchestra in the breakdown. Possible uses can range from set up scenes, commercials, trailers, etc
Version 1. Full Version 2:24 Version 2. Rhythm Track (melody/hook removed) 2:25 Version 3. 30 seconds variation (good for commercials) 0:30 Version 4. 30 seconds variation rhythm track (melody/hook removed) 0:30 Version 5. Looped track 0:22 You can hear all versions in the example!


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Birthday Boy
Merna L. Nobile 11/2/2012 8:53:26 AM
Receiving an award from Better Photo is just like unwrapping a gift, the thrill is always the same! It is also exciting to be able to send my personal congratulations to each and every one of you and I look forward to seeing the gold though out the galleries. Merna
I was lucky to capture this little man on his 4th Birthday. I was practicing capturing candid moments.
Exif: F Number: 2.5, Exposure Bias Value: 0.00, ExposureTime: 1/60 seconds, Flash: fired, compulsory flash mode, return light detected, ISO: 800, White balance: Manual white balance, FocalLength: 50.00 mm, Model: NIKON D90
Uploaded on 9/9/2012 4:56:05 PM
Camera: Nikon D90 Digital SLR Camera
Copyright for this gallery photo belongs solely to Liz Cowie. Images may not be copied, downloaded, or used in any way without the expressed, written permission of the photographer.
Log in to follow or message this photographer or report this photo.


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Ho ho holy crap we're finally to the last giveaway of the 25 Days of Tegra and we're about to melt some faces. Just like last year, since our final giveaway is so huge, and because we're afraid some of you are probably off spending time with your families (what?!), we've spread this prize pack over 3 days. We'll pick a name from each day, giving us 3 finalists, from which we'll pick one grand prize winner.
UPDATE: This phase has closed, don't miss another chance to win in phase 2!
The Prize: Nexus 7 (32GB), HTC One X+ (AT&T LTE), Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11, Sonos Play:3, Sonos Bridge, and Jawbone JAMBOX
If you're keeping track at home, this is over $2000 worth of gear. And I'm not talking about inflated MSRP's, I sourced that number from Amazon's live prices. One of you folks is about to clean up something fierce.
Contest Rules
It's a holiday miracle! This year we've expanded our eligible countries to include the following: US (excluding Puerto Rico and its other territories and possessions), Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria, Norway, Finland, Czech Republic, Australia, China (excluding Hong Kong and Macau), Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, India (excluding the State of Tamil Nadu), and Brazil. If you're keeping track, that's like quadruple the locales we normally ship to, so huzzah!
How to Enter
For phase one, and because today is Christmas and we're feeling jolly, any registered user can join. Simply leave a comment below and you'll be entered to win. Multiple comments are allowed on this post, but each user will only be counted once. The winner will be chosen at random, so don't bother downvoting each other. If you're not a registered user yet, there's still time to join.
Phase two and three will be much stiffer challenges, to show some love to our loyal droidheads, so get in now while you can. If you're a power user, make sure to check back tomorrow and the next day (as your odds might continue to improve).
Winner (coming soon)
PS: if you're feeling generous/excited/nauseous, now would be the time to send some big-time thanks to @NVIDIATegra on Twitter.


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When the Enemy is WithinJanuary 11th, 2011 – by Laura Lehman Amstutz
In the last 48 hours a number of blog responses to the decision for MC USA to go to Phoenix in 2013 have disturbed me. First, of all, let me say right up front, I'm extremely disappointed in the decision to continue to hold the convention in a place with such unfriendly immigration laws. I can't pretend to understand everything that went into the decision but I am disappointed that it appears as though finances won over truly caring about people. If this is not actually what happened, I hope very soon that someone will set the record straight.
However, I am also disappointed in reactions to this decision. I have read two blogs, the one linked above and this one, where the writers suggests that it's time to abandon the Mennonite church and form something else. I hope and pray that these writers are speaking out of (justifiable) anger and disappointment and are not ready to act on their expressed anger. Here's why: Mennonites in particular have a long history of separation and abandonment of those who are "wrong." Our righteous anger seems to almost exclusively translate into separation, exclusion, shunning, and abandonment.
We have a very spotty history of separating over things that a generation or two later become non-issues. Past examples include Sunday School and instruments in church. These things seem trivial to us. So trivial, in fact, that I even hesitate to compare them to important issues like homosexuality and immigration. However, I think it's wrong to assume that our ancestors had any less passion about Sunday School than we have about present issues.
I would weep if these minority (or even majority) voices left the denomination. I would weep if the young Mennonites and Anabaptists who are frustrated with the situation just threw up their hands and abandoned the denomination. We need all the voices of the church and we need to learn to talk to those who disagree. We need to learn to how to stay in fellowship with each other, even when we feel like enemies.
I believe this is part of our non-violent calling. What does it say to the world, when we, who claim to have the corner on the peace market, can't figure out how to talk to each other? Are we called to have less compassion and love when the enemy is within the church? Jesus harshly criticized religious leaders, yet still met with them, talked to them, and stayed in fellowship.
The United States political climate is such that people no longer listen to those who disagree with them. Please let's not let that reality turn into our reality. A giant institutional government is probably not the future of the church. It certainly seems unwieldy, frustrating, and authoritarian sometimes. I dream of a future church that is a centered set, rather than a bounded set. One who pays more attention to the core vision, mission, and theology than the boundaried edges. I dream of a denomination that looks more like a network and less like an institution. I dream of a church that can hold in tension more ideas, opinions, and theology, not less.
We will never achieve that dream if those who disagree just abandon us (or are kicked out). Please, stay. Talk. Listen. For only then does the church have a chance at a future.Read the rest of this entry »


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Fructose and sorbitol are two sugars that often are added to
processed foods and medicines to make them taste sweet. Fructose can be found
in soda pop and many fruit juice drinks. Sorbitol is found in diet products,
chewing gum, candy, frozen ice treats, and some medicines (such as syrups for fevers
and colds). Sometimes sorbitol and fructose are added to the same
Gas, abdominal bloating and pain, and diarrhea are common symptoms of
fructose or sorbitol intolerance.
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- Capital One Cup round-up
Arsenal embarrassed by Bradford in Capital One Cup
Arsenal crashed out of the Capital One Cup to League Two side Bradford City on penalties, while Aston Villa came from behind to beat Norwich.
The Gunners had high hopes of ending their long trophy drought in the competition and Arsene Wenger signalled his intent by fielding a strong side. A late header from Thomas Vermaelen cancelled out an early volley from Garry Thompson to force extra-time, but the Premier League side failed to take their lifeline and fell in a penalty shootout.
Arsenal were dominant early, with Vermaelen and Lukas Podolski putting decent headed chances over the bar.
Bradford, though, kept playing their football and a neat set-piece move saw the ball find Thompson at the far post and he volleyed home.
Francis Coquelin hit a post for Arsenal, Santi Cazorla went close and Gervinho somehow missed from three yards, but a minute from the break Nahki Wells had the chance to double Bradford's lead but dragged his effort a foot wide.
Arsenal took time to find their stride in the second half, but Jack Wilshre drove them forward in the final 20 minutes and Vermaelen headed home late on to level.
Matt Duke pulled off two fine saves to thwart Cazorla in injury-time and the same player thundered a shot against the bar in extra-time.
Arsenal fell behind early on in the shootout, with Cazorla and Marouane Chamakh missing. Wojciech Szczesny saved twice to give Arsenal hope, but Vermaelen sent the final penalty against the post and propelled Bradford into the semi-finals.
Andreas Weimann struck twice as Aston Villa came from behind to book a place in the semi-finals of the Capital One Cup with a 4-1 win at Norwich as manager Paul Lambert enjoyed a triumphant return to his old club.
Lambert received a mixed welcome as he walked out at Carrow Road, with a few jeers heard among general applause for the man who masterminded the Norfolk club's meteoric rise up to the top flight from the depths of npower League One.
However, the former Canaries boss, who is in dispute with his old employers after an acrimonious departure during the summer, enjoyed the last laugh as substitute Weimann hit a second-half brace to turn the tie around after Brent Holman had cancelled out Steve Morison's opener.
Christian Benteke cracked in a fourth during stoppage time to move Villa a step closer to Wembley.


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Review Roundup: ROCKY das Musical
The classic film "Rocky" Sylvester Stallone, who won the story of underdog boxer Rocky Balboa 1976 three Oscars celebrated on 18.11.2012 re-premiere, this time in the category Musical in Hamburg Operettenhaus.
Check out what the critics had to say:
Daniel Haas of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung writes: "Rocky" (...) will not be as entertaining patchwork, pieced together from regular songs and witty dialogue efforts. Rocky actor Drew Sarich fight off the portrait of an underdog, but what to do with this theme song? Chorus: "The nose still holds. It is not broken, it is not even blue. And I, I do not find women "How Wietske van Tongeren, convince the actress Adrian, when her soprano throws at the following lines:".? Blade of grass that breaks the stone, looking for light " (...) Setting hectic insignificant secondary characters, and between them stirred a mushy song repertoire. The glued then the softer moments. In the beautifully choreographed ice skating scene in the background meager Christmas tree glowing in their sad as constellations. But then it says: "Ice skating is like life. One may float, remain a sticking. "These are lyrical low blows, one of which does not recover Alex Timbers's production."
Stefan reason ("The World") remarks: "The written by Stallone film story is preserved in the world champion boxing Klitschko brothers, and he co-produced 15-million-dollar production of Stage Entertainment Rocky Balboa, played in Hamburg by Drew Sarich. , comes as a debt collector and backyard boxer in Philadelphia over the rounds. lean Sarich does not look like a heavyweight, but he completed a good guy who's character and plays "Rocky" so that it is thoroughly contemporary. (...) can compete sanglich and acting alongside Sarich only Terence Archie as Apollo Creed. (...) Not prevents Timbers, however, the absurd increase in women combat zone on stage. Adrian's boss Gloria (Alex Avenell) is in the musical to Pauli's girlfriend, unceremoniously ugly so Scenes like "girls night" and songs such as "holiday" can be added as a contrast to the innocent love Adrian and Rocky. "
Matthias odes of the "Financial Times" finds: "Putting a vile Boxfilm on stage would work hard But that's" Rocky "yes after all not just the weakest of the piece that revealed the samples already, then not the transfer from one medium to the other. The weakest is the music. Stallone's screenplay was never a fundus polished phrases ("I am not filled in, it is not filled in, together we are filled"). But it had a certain charm, never quite to know how was much of it deliberate naivety of the main character -. and how much on Stallone's limited abilities declined as a writer But if the musical Rocky recognition song in the chorus line of "The nose still holds" opens, then so that boundary of the stupid is exceeded, which was at the movies angetänzelt only Anyway:.. "Gonna Fly Now," the title theme from part one, and "Eye of the Tiger" from part three of you also get to hear that from the mediocre songs is not a major annoyance is the otherwise owe quite impressive production, especially the two leads Sarich and Wietske van Tongeren are cast perfectly Sarich anyway sounds a Rocky as he better could hardly be And maybe director Timbers wrong anyway:.. Perhaps there is between the best idea and Worst somewhere which in the middle. "
Werner Theurich from the "Mirror" writes: "Rocky and Adrian (touching and voicEd Strong: Wietske van Tongeren). Have long been a pair, as their relationship is fueled by the title fight offer the world champion Creed Den is the perfect selected singers, dancers and actors Terence Archie with elegant verve and excellent boxer Body. His songs, mixed professionally from reminiscences of Curtis Mayfield, Isaac Hayes and Phillysound (but without violins), are among the most amusing highlights. Otherwise, leaves the musical Music (Stephen Flaherty / Tracks and Lynn Ahrens / texts). proven to singer-songwriter Americana. much sounds like Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Bruce Hornsby or Randy Newman, spiced with hard beats. Nothing really innovative, but solid U.S. musical fare.


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Former Dolphins OLB Matt Roth was claimed by the Browns today. No surprise there.
And yes, the Dolphins say Roth was cut from the team Tuesday for as "a football decision." That is not a surprise to anyone that reads this blog and saw The Herald's reporting on the topic yesterday.
On to news about Dolphins players still, you know, on the Dolphins:
NT Paul Soliai (ankle), TE Anthony Fasano (hip) and LB Erik Walden (hamstring) returned to practice today after missing last week's game. All practiced full and aren't even on the injury report so all should be available Sunday.
C Jake Grove (ankle) and DE Lionel Dotson (ankle) did not practice Wednesday. Joe Berger is nursing a knee injury but he took the first-team center snaps. Ricky Williams is nursing a chest injury but he also practiced full. .
Soliai practiced with the first-team defense at nose tackle. The nose tackle rotation, I'm told, is likely to be Soliai and Tony McDaniel. There is some thinking that Randy Starks will be in that rotation, but I'm told that is not true.
Why would the Dolphins take their most consistent defensive end and ask him to play out of position?
Won't happen.
Soliai has to step up and reward all the work injured and done-for-the-year veteran Jason Ferguson did in mentoring him the past 18 months. And Soliai plans to do just that.
"I want to play for him and show him I learned everything he taught me," Soliai said. "He believes in me and I got to show everybody I can do it, too."
The Dolphins filled out their 53-man roster today by adding Andrew Hartline to the active roster. hartline is 6-5 and 300 pounds and had been on the Miami practice squad since Sept. 15.
G-C Mark Lewis, who was with the team in training camp.
Lewis was back home in California when he got the call from Miami to come back. He had been working at a Christmas tree lot the past week and expected to do that job through the holiday season.
"I was working with tractors, chain saws, lifting trees and helping people out," Lewis said.
He expected to make about $3,000 in a month at the lot. On the practice squad roster, Lewis will be making approximately $5,000 per week as the prorated portion of a practice squad deal.
The improvement of Chad Henne was a big topic of conversation today. Everyone is agreed the Dolphins new starting quarterback is getting better.
"I think you like to see a guy turning errors into non-errors instead of repeating errors and he has shown an ability to do that," offensive coordinator Dan Henning said. "I think the more he plays, the better he's going to get."
Henne agrees.
"I definitely think I've grown a lot," he said. "I understand the offense, I'm anticipating things and know where I want to go with the ball."
Henne said he could see himself continuing to improve and, ultimately, playing for the Dolphins the next decade or so. We'll see.
Henne has great potential and I'm eager to see what he can do once he gets a great receiver to work with. By the same token, the true measure of a QB is how he reacts to adversity. No matter how good they are, all great quarterbacks suffer adversity. All the great ones overcome it. Lesser players are overcome by it.
So ... we'll see.
I asked Henning his think on not using the spread offense aka Pat White's package against Carolina last week. I was wondering if that was going to mark the shelving of the package or if there was some other reason for not seeing it.
Turns out there was another reason.
"We had Pat White ready to play in the game in certain situations and one of the situation arose and because of the time out situation, we didn't feel it was appropriate to use," Henning said. "And then we were ahead in the ballgame.
"So we continue to work with Pat and have him ready to contribute in the way we think is best for him to help us out. Sometimes it goes that way. Sometimes it rolls in and the situation doesn't present itself."
Finally, here's a pre-Thanksgiving feel-good note:
You know Dolphins football czar Bill Parcells has something of a reputation as a hard, unfeeling sort. He's really not that way at all. But rather than tell you, let me show you.
Parcells, a native of New Jersey, recently pledged $100,000 to St. Anthony's High School in order to help the school meet major budget shortfalls.
"I get it," Parcells said in a press release for The Street Stops Here, a documentary that in part details St. Anthony's problems and will air on PBS in the spring. "I've coached enough and seen enough to know how important a good, solid education is. I have a lot of respect for what the faculty and staff are doing at St. Anthony's. I'm glad to help in whatever way I can."
Happy Thanksgiving, everyone. God bless you all.


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According to Frederic G. Kitton in Dickens and His Illustrators (1899), A. B. Frost was one of a group of nine (generally British) illustrators commissioned by Chapman and Hall to provide "entirely fresh" (p. 221) plates for the Household Edition between 1871 and 1879. Frost, however, was apparently an American; to him fell the Harper & Bros. commission for all illustrations for "Sketches by Boz" in their Household Edition. Moreover, Frost supplied twelve illustrations for the Ward, Lock, & Co. "Pickwick" issued simultaneously (perhaps for the sake of copyright) in London and New York. In the December 1897 issue, "Scribner's Magazine" reproduced one of the best in that series, "The Slide," illustrating the scene in Ch. 13 of that still vastly popular novel. — Philip V. Allingham
Dickens, Charles. American Notes. Works, New York: Peter Fenelon Collier & Son, 1890.
Kitton, Frederic G. Dickens and His Illustrators. (1899). Rpt. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 2004.
Last modified 31 July 2007


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Paul will reissue Wild Life and Red Rose Speedway + Wings 1971-73 on 7th December as part of his GRAMMY-winning Archive Collection.
Limited numbered deluxe editions to include remastered original albums, bonus tracks, previously unreleased demos, rare and never before seen video, exclusive books featuring new interviews with Paul, photos, artwork, and much more...
Paul Backs Campaign To Release Abused Baby Elephant
UPDATE: 31st August 2012
Following months of campaigning, and tens of thousands of activists voicing their concern, PETA have announced that baby Sunder – who has been imprisoned since 2005 – will be moved to a wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centre near Bangalore.
A big thank you to everyone who joined the call to free Sunder. To read PETA's update head to their website HERE!
ORIGINAL POST: 27th July 2012
Paul recently took time out from rehearsals for his Olympic Opening Ceremony performance to send a letter to Indian Forest Minister Dr Patangrao Shripatrao Kadam calling for a young elephant to be released from captivity.
He wrote, "I have seen photographs of young Sunder, the elephant kept alone in a shed at Jyotiba Temple and put in chains with spikes. Years of his life have been ruined by keeping him and abusing him in this way and enough is enough. I most respectfully call on you … to get Sunder out."
Paul's plea follows PETA India's discovery that Sunder was being abused by his handler, who has gone on the run from police since the group became involved. Sunder has sustained a severe injury to his right eye from being jabbed in it with an ankus (a sharp, hooked metal poker-like weapon) by the boy handler. The elephant is also confined to chains with sharp spikes and is kept alone inside a dark shed, in which he cannot even take a single step in any direction.
For more information on PETA's campaign, head over to their website HERE!


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David Callow/SI
Li Na has pulled out of next week's Qatar Open because of the ankle injury she sustained in the Australia Open final.
Qatar organizers say Timea Babos will replace Li in the main draw.
Li injured her left ankle during her three-set loss to Victoria Azarenka in the Australian final.
Venus Williams withdrew from the Qatar tournament earlier this week, citing back trouble.
The Qatar field still features nine of the top 10 players in the women's rankings.


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Happy New Year — 2012 is here
Hearts ... It's time to put 2011 way behind us and look forward to a 2012 full of promise.
There's a lot to look forward to. It's a New Year and it's a good time to take a fresh approach to life and its many challenges.
Set some goals and make things happen. Be sure to list one as spending more time with family, friends and those near and dear to you.
2012 is also a leap year. And an election year for national races.
Cheers to you and yours and a prosperous 2012!
Guns, alcohol and illegal drugs don't mix
Darts ... to the young adults spending Christmas Eve and Christmas Day around illegal drugs, alcohol and guns.
One 25-year-old Bluffton man is dead after an incident early on Christmas Day. Few details have been released about the events leading up to the fatal gunshot, but we know that friends and relatives spent their holiday season mourning the loss of life. It's a shame and those who were at the gathering where the death occurred should come forward and cooperate with law enforcement. It's the least they could do.
Hats off to retail workers
Hearts ... to all the people who work in retail who worked extra long hours this year leading up to Christmas and also on the day after.
Since the economy seemed to get a little better in the fourth quarter, more people were out shopping for Christmas and also were taking advantage of the after-Christmas sales at nearly every store.
Kudos to those who worked the long hours and did it with smiles on their faces despite the eagerness of some shoppers!
The real meaning of Christmas
Darts ... to the people who posted comments on social media like Facebook and Twitter about just how unhappy or ungrateful they were with what they received for Christmas.
As we all know, it's the thought that counts and a gift is a gift. If it was the wrong size or color that's one thing. But to complain about a gift that someone spent time to pick out and purchase with hard-earned money is pretty low.
Celebrate the holiday season with the real meaning of Christmas in your heart.
UW goal inches closer to reality
Hearts ... to the United Way of the Lowcountry that reports $2,220,409 in gifts and pledges putting them at nearly 80 percent of the $2.8 million annual fundraising goal.
Start the New Year off by dining out to give back to your local community! Beginning at 2 p.m. on Saturday, Jan. 14 the Black Marlin Bayside Grill located dockside at Palmetto Bay Marina on Hilton Head Island will offer a Crab Crackin' with a portion of the proceeds generated at the event to be donated to the agencies and programs supported by the United Way of the Lowcountry.
To contribute, to volunteer, or for more information visit the United Way website at www.uwlowcountry.org or call 843-982-3040 in Beaufort, 843-837-2000 in Bluffton/Hilton Head and 843-645-6500 in Jasper County.


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ACLU Challenges Warrantless WiretappingWritten by Stephen Lendman Subject: Police State
by Stephen Lendman
Throughout its history, America always governed extrajudicially. Post-9/11, it became more repressive than ever. Modern technology makes it easy.
Big Brother has lots of ways to spy. It can be done from space, eyes in the sky on drones, secret agents, neighborhood snoops, or electronic monitoring of phones, emails, and other personal communications.
There's no way to hide. Privacy no longer exists. Constitutional rights are null and void. Practically anything government wants to know about us can be found out secretly without our knowledge or consent.
What better definition of a police state. Challenging what free societies don't tolerate isn't easy. The ACLU is trying. The 2008 FISA Amendments Act (FISAAA) authorizes government to spy globally for alleged national security reasons.
The 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) authorized surveillance relating to "foreign intelligence information" between "foreign powers" and "agents of foreign powers."
It restricts spying on US citizens and residents to those engaged in espionage in America and territory under US control. No longer. Today anything goes.
NSA uses this authority abusively. In the 1960s, Senator Frank Church warned that its "capability at any time could be turned around on the American people, and no American would have any privacy left, such is the capability to monitor everything: telephone conversations, telegrams, it doesn't matter."
"There would be no place to hide." Presidents could "impose total tyranny, and there would be no way to fight back." He warned us, but we didn't listen.
America today is a total surveillance society. Obama officials claim no court or judge can challenge them. What they say goes. Governing this way is called tyranny.
Bush administration officials went all out to keep information on their program secret. At first they succeeded. Later what they authorized was revealed.
FISAA established a massive warrantless wiretapping program. It violates constitutional and statute laws with impunity. Congressional investigations and lawsuits haven't stopped it.
The FISA Amendments Act (FISAAA) granted telecom companies retroactive immunity. They spy freely on US citizens. NSA intercepts millions of online, phone, and other communications. Everyone is vulnerable globally.
Everything NSA does is classified and secret. It menaces freedom. It's unaccountable. It's shielded from prosecution.
Given today's technological capabilities, it's more dangerous than anyone could have imagined decades earlier. Big Brother expanded exponentially. Fourth Amendment protections were gutted. Freedom hangs by a thread.
The ACLU fought back. It faces stiff headwinds. It's challenging FISAAA's constitutionality. It's doing it on behalf of a group of lawyers, journalists, labor advocates, and human rights groups.
They fear their unjustifiable foreign and domestic monitoring of privileged communications. Witnesses and sources used deserve confidentiality. Lawyers and journalists are obligated to provide it.
In 2009, a district court dismissed the case on the grounds that ACLU clients couldn't prove they were being monitored. In 2011, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals ruled their case has merit.
It rejected Washington's Catch-22 argument about not needing to identify individuals it's monitoring. Claiming only persons aware they're being watched may challenge the legitimacy of doing it doesn't wash.
Last May, the Supreme Court took the case. On October 29, justices heard arguments in Amnesty et al v. Clapper: FISA Amendments Act Challenge
ACLU lawyers challenged government authority. At issue they said is a "narrow one: whether our clients have legal 'standing' to challenge the law. But it is also about the ability of the executive and legislative branches to insulate a policy from meaningful review."
ACLU deputy legal director, Jameel Jaffer, argued the case. "We were pleased with today's argument," she said. "The court seemed appropriately skeptical of the government's attempts to shield this sweeping surveillance law from meaningful judicial review."
"The justices seemed appropriately sympathetic to lawyers, journalists and human rights researchers who are forced to take burdensome precautionary measures because of the law."
On October 29, ACLU National Security Project Legal Fellow Mitra Ebadolahi headlined "Today at the Supreme Court: The Right to Challenge Warrantless Wiretapping," saying:
At issue are fundamental constitutional rights. Justices heard Jaffer's powerful argument. "For example, David Nevin has served as defense lawyer for accused terrorists."
He needs secure telephone and online communications with "experts, witnesses, family members, and his clients abroad."
It's essential to building an effective defense. Lawyers are also obligated to assure confidentiality for cooperating witnesses and other sources. Their profession ethically binds them. The same holds for journalists.
Government lawyers argued that ACLU clients don't know for sure they're being surveilled. Moreover, identities of people spied on is secret. National security requires they not be identified or disclosed. As a result, plaintiff's suit has no merit.
Several justice "appeared rightfully troubled by this Kafkaesque position, expressing concern that, under the government's interpretation, no one would be able to challenge the law—ever."
Justice Breyer said risk and certainty are just matters of degree. "It might not be a storm tomorrow. I mean, you know, nothing is certain," he explained
Justice Antonin Scalia disagreed. He claimed the case lacks "standing." In other words, plaintiffs can't prove they're monitored or harmed. According to the ACLU:
"The government theory of standing would render real injuries nonjusticiable and insulate the government's surveillance activities from meaningful judicial review."
Scalia and like-minded ideologues argue for "unitary executive" authority. Chalmers Johnson called it a "ball-faced assertion of presidential supremacy dressed up in legal mumbo jumbo."
All despots claim power they're unjustified to have. Judicial ideologues support them. Scalia is one of the worst. Obama needs four more like him to prevail.
Fundamental constitutional rights are at stake. At issue also is a "proper balance of power within our constitutional democracy—specifically, the crucial duty our judiciary can, and must, fulfill in safeguarding and enforcing those rights."
In a CNN.com op-ed, Jaffer and Alex Abdo said:
"The government's argument is really about the role of the judiciary in patrolling the boundaries between the lawful measures that the executive should take in the defense of national security, and the unconstitutional and effectively unbridled discretion the government now has to acquire Americans' international communications."
"Whatever one's views of the legality of the FISA Amendments Act, the government's efforts to shield the law from any meaningful judicial review should be profoundly disturbing to all Americans."
Fundamental law alone protects us. Obama wants unchallenged dictatorial powers. How many supporters know what they voted for? How many realize their mistake?
Equity and justice depend on rejecting duopoly power. Choosing one of its two candidates perpetuates what no one should accept. They got it for four more years. Don't bet they'll be wiser next election.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago and can be reached at email@example.com.
His new book is titled "How Wall Street Fleeces America: Privatized Banking, Government Collusion and Class War"
Visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com and listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour on the Progressive Radio Network Thursdays at 10AM US Central time and Saturdays and Sundays at noon. All programs are archived for easy listening.


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By: Mark McGrouther, Category: Science, Date: 11 Oct 2010
It was a short week. Public holiday on Monday and leave on Friday. This week we feature the visit of researchers from SAIAB and have added a blog post about a fish that suckles its young. Also added were new volunteer pages, a triggerfish movie and stonefish images.
Jerraleigh Kruger and Ernst Swartz
Black Triggerfish at Christmas Island
Estuarine Stonefish, Synanceia horrida
Estuarine Stonefish spine
Tessellate Moray on the beach
Stephanie Baccerella
Geoff Gardner
Tags fishes, ichthyology, suckling, kruger, swartz, SAIAB, stonefish, Baccarella, Gardner,