text:
Your database is first. But can PostgreSQL be second?
Web/app projects these days often have many distributed parts. It's not uncommon for groups to use the right tool for the job. The right tools are often something like the choice below.
- Redis for queuing, and caching.
- Elastic Search for searching, and log stash.
- Influxdb or RRD for timeseries.
- S3 for an object store.
- PostgreSQL for relational data with constraints, and validation via schemas.
- Celery for job queues.
- Kafka for a buffer of queues or stream processing.
- Exception logging with PostgreSQL (perhaps using Sentry)
- KDB for low latency analytics on your column oriented data.
- Mongo/ZODB for storing documents JSON (or mangodb for /dev/null replacement)
- SQLite for embedded.
- Neo4j for graph databases.
- RethinkDB for your realtime data, when data changes, other parts 'react'.
- ...
Could you gain an ops advantage by using only PostgreSQL? Especially at the beginning when your system isn't all that big, and your team size is small, and your requirements not extreme? Only one system to setup, monitor, backup, install, upgrade, etc.
This article is my humble attempt to help people answer the question...
Can it be 'good enough' for all sorts of different use cases? Or do I need to reach into another toolbox?
Is PostgreSQL good enough?
Every project is different, and often the requirements can be different. So this question by itself is impossible to answer without qualifiers. Many millions of websites and apps in the world have very few users (less than thousands per month), they might need to handle bursty traffic at 100x the normal rate some times. They might need interactive, or soft realtime performance requirements for queries and reports. It's really quite difficult to answer the question conclusively for every use case, and for every set of requirements. I will give some rough numbers and point to case studies, and external benchmarks for each section.
Most websites and apps don't need to handle 10 million visitors a month, or have 99.999% availability when 95% availability will do, ingest 50 million metric rows per day, or do 400,000 jobs per second, or query over TB's of data with sub millisecond response times.
Tool choice.I've used a LOT of different databases over time. CDB, Elastic Search, Redis, SAP (is it a db or a COBOL?), BSDDB/GDBM, SQLite... Even written some where the requirements were impossible to match with off the shelf systems and we had to make them ourselves (real time computer vision processing of GB/second in from the network). Often PostgreSQL simply couldn't do the job at hand (or mysql was installed already, and the client insisted). But sometimes PostgreSQL was just merely not the best tool for the job.
|A Tool Chest
"PostgreSQL is an elephant sized tool chest that holds a LOT of tools."
Batteries included?Does PostgreSQL come with all the parts for full usability? Often the parts are built in, but maybe a bit complicated, but not everything is built in. But luckily there are some good libraries which make the features more usable ("for humans").
For from scratch people, I'll link to the PostgreSQL documentation. I'll also link to already made systems which already use PostgreSQL for (queues, time series, graphs, column stores, document data bases), which you might be able to use for your needs. This article will slanted towards the python stack, but there are definitely alternatives in the node/ruby/perl/java universes. If not, I've listed the PostgreSQL parts and other open source implementations so you can roll your own.
By learning a small number of PostgreSQL commands, it may be possible to use 'good enough' implementations yourself. You might be surprised at what other things you can implement by combining these techniques together.
Task, or job queues.Recent versions of PostgeSQL support a couple of useful technologies for efficient and correct queues.
First is the LISTEN/NOTIFY. You can LISTEN for events, and have clients be NOTIFY'd when they happen. So your queue workers don't have to keep polling the database all the time. They can get NOTIFIED when things happen.
The recent addition in 9.5 of the SKIP LOCKED locking clause to PostgreSQL SELECT, enables efficient queues to be written when you have multiple writers and readers. It also means that a queue implementation can be correct [2].
Finally 9.6 saw plenty of VACUUM performance enhancements which help out with queues.
Batteries included?
A newer, and smaller system is called pq. It sort of models itself off the redis python 'rq' queue API. However, with pq you can have a transactional queue. Which is nice if you want to make sure other things are committed AND your job is in the queue. With a separate system this is a bit harder to guarantee.
Is it fast enough? pq states in its documentation that you can do 1000 jobs per second per core... but on my laptop it did around 2000. In the talk "Can elephants queue?" 10,000 messages per second are mentioned with eight clients.
More reading.
- http://www.cybertec.at/skip-locked-one-of-my-favorite-9-5-features/
- http://blog.2ndquadrant.com/what-is-select-skip-locked-for-in-postgresql-9-5/
- https://www.pgcon.org/2016/schedule/track/Applications/929.en.html
Full text search.
"Full text search — Searching the full text of the document, and not just the metadata."PostgreSQL has had full text search for quite a long time as a separate extension, and now it is built in. Recently, it's gotten a few improvements which I think now make it "good enough" for many uses.
The big improvement in 9.6 is phrase search. So if I search for "red hammer" I get things which have both of them - not things that are red, and things that are a hammer. It can also return documents where the first word is red, and then five words later hammer appears.
One other major thing that elastic search does is automatically create indexes on all the fields. You add a document, and then you can search it. That's all you need to do. PostgreSQL is quite a lot more manual than that. You need to tell it which fields to index, and update the index with a trigger on changes (see triggers for automatic updates). But there are some libraries which make things much easier. One of them is sqlalchemy_searchable. However, I'm not aware of anything as simple and automatic as elastic search here.
- What about faceted search? These days it's not so hard to do at speed. [6][7]
- What about substring search on an index (fast LIKE)? It can be made fast with a trigram index. [8][9]
- Stemming? Yes. [11]
- "Did you mean" fuzzy matching support? Yes. [11]
- Accent support? (My name is René, and that last é breaks sooooo many databases). Yes. [11]
- Multiple languages? Yes. [11]
- Regex search when you need it? Yes. [13]
Using the right libraries, I think it's a similar amount of work overall with PostgreSQL. Elasticsearch is still easier initially. To be fair Lucene (which elasticsearch is based on) is a much more advanced text searching system.
What about the speed? They are index searches, and return fast - as designed. At [1] they mention that the speed is ok for 1-2 million documents. They also mention 50ms search time. It's also possible to make replicas for read queries if you don't want to put the search load on your main database. There is another report for searches taking 15ms [10]. Note that elastic search often takes 3-5ms for a search on that same authors hardware. Also note, that the new asyncpg PostgreSQL driver gives significant latency improvements for general queries like this (35ms vs 2ms) [14].
Hybrid searches (relational searches combined with full text search) is another thing that PostgreSQL makes pretty easy. Say you wanted to ask "Give me all companies who have employees who wrote research papers, stack overflow answers, github repos written with the text 'Deep Learning' where the authors live with within 50km of Berlin. PostgreSQL could do those joins fairly efficiently for you.
The other massive advantage of PostgreSQL is that you can keep the search index in sync. The search index can be updated in the same transaction. So your data is consistent, and not out of date. It can be very important for some applications to return the most recent data.
How about searching across multiple human natural languages at once? PostgreSQL allows you to efficiently join across multiple language search results. So if you type "red hammer" into a German hardware website search engine, you can actually get some results.
Anyone wanting more in-depth information should read or watch this FTS presentation [15] from last year. It's by some of the people who has done a lot of work on the implementation, and talks about 9.6 improvements, current problems, and things we might expect to see in version 10. There is also a blog post [16] with more details about various improvements in 9.6 to FTS.
You can see the RUM index extension (which has faster ranking) at https://github.com/postgrespro/rum
More reading.
- https://blog.lateral.io/2015/05/full-text-search-in-milliseconds-with-postgresql/
- https://billyfung.com/writing/2017/01/postgres-9-6-phrase-search/
- https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/functions-textsearch.html
- http://www.postgresonline.com/journal/archives/368-PostgreSQL-9.6-phrase-text-searching-how-far-apart-can-you-go.html
- https://sqlalchemy-searchable.readthedocs.io/
- http://akorotkov.github.io/blog/2016/06/17/faceted-search/
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10875674/any-reason-not-use-postgresqls-built-in-full-text-search-on-heroku
- https://about.gitlab.com/2016/03/18/fast-search-using-postgresql-trigram-indexes/
- http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2016/07/12/how-to-make-text-searches-in-postgresql-faster-with-trigram-similarity
- https://github.com/codeforamerica/ohana-api/issues/139
- http://rachbelaid.com/postgres-full-text-search-is-good-enough/
- https://www.compose.com/articles/indexing-for-full-text-search-in-postgresql/
- https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/functions-matching.html
- https://magic.io/blog/asyncpg-1m-rows-from-postgres-to-python/report.html
- https://www.pgcon.org/2016/schedule/events/926.en.html
- https://postgrespro.com/blog/pgsql/111866
Time series.
"Data points with timestamps."Time series databases are used a lot for monitoring. Either for monitoring server metrics (like cpu load) or for monitoring sensors and all other manner of things. Perhaps sensor data, or any other IoT application you can think of.
|RRDtool from the late 90s.
Round robin databases don't even store all the raw data, but put things into a circular buffer of time buckets. This saves a LOT of disk space.
The other thing time series databases do is accept a large amount of this type of data. To efficiently take in a lot of data, you can use things like COPY IN, rather than lots of individual inserts, or use SQL arrays of data. In the future (PostgreSQL 10), you should be able to use logical replication to have multiple data collectors.
Materialized views can be handy to have a different view of the internal data structures. To make things easier to query.
date_trunc can be used to truncate a timestamp into the bucket size you want. For example SELECT date_trunc('hour', timestamp) as timestamp.
Array functions, and binary types can be used to store big chunks of data in a compact form for processing later. Many time series databases do not need to know the latest results, and some time lag is good enough.
A BRIN index (new in 9.5) can be very useful for time queries. Selecting between two times on a field indexed with BRIN is much quicker. "We managed to improve our best case time by a factor of 2.6 and our worst case time by a factor of 30" [7]. As long as the rows are entered roughly in time order [6]. If they are not for some reason you can reorder them on disk with the CLUSTER command -- however, often time series data comes in sorted by time.
Monasca can provide graphana and API, and Monasca queries PostgreSQL. There's still no direct support in grapha for PostgreSQL, however work has been in progress for quite some time. See the pull request in grafana.
Another project which uses time series in PostgreSQL is Tgres. It's compatible with statsd, graphite text for input, and provides enough of the Graphite HTTP API to be usable with Grafana. The author also blogs[1] a lot about different optimal approaches to use for time series databases.
See this talk by Steven Simpson at the fosdem conference about infrastructure monitoring with PostgreSQL. In it he talks about using PostgreSQL to monitor and log a 100 node system.
In an older 'grisha' blog post [5], he states "I was able to sustain a load of ~6K datapoints per second across 6K series" on a 2010 laptop.
Can we get the data into a dataframe structure for analysis easily? Sure, if you are using sqlalchemy and pandas dataframes, you can load dataframes like this...
This lets you unleash some very powerful statistics, and machine learning tools on your data. (there's also a to_sql).
df = pd.read_sql(query.statement, query.session.bind)
Some more reading.
- https://grisha.org/blog/2016/12/16/storing-time-series-in-postgresql-part-ii/
- https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/parallel-plans.html
- http://blog.2ndquadrant.com/parallel-aggregate/
- https://mike.depalatis.net/using-postgres-as-a-time-series-database.html
- https://grisha.org/blog/2016/11/08/load-testing-tgres/
- http://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/130819/postgresql-9-5-brin-index-dramatically-slower-than-expected
- http://dev.sortable.com/brin-indexes-in-postgres-9.5/
Object store for binary data.
"Never store images in your database!"I'm sure you've heard it many times before. But what if your images are your most important data? Surely they deserve something better than a filesystem? What if they need to be accessed from more than one web application server? The solution to this problem is often to store things in some cloud based storage like S3.
BYTEA is the type to use for binary data in PostgreSQL if the size is less than 1GB.
CREATE TABLE files (Note, however, that streaming the file is not really supported with BYTEA by all PostgreSQL drivers. It needs to be entirely in memory.
id serial primary key,
filename text not null,
data bytea not null
However, many images are only 200KB or up to 10MB in size. Which should be fine even if you get hundreds of images added per day. A three year old laptop benchmark for you... Saving 2500 1MB iPhone sized images with python and psycopg2 takes about 1 minute and 45 seconds, just using a single core. (That's 2.5GB of data). It can be made 3x faster by using COPY IN/TO BINARY [1], however that is more than fast enough for many uses.
If you need really large objects, then PostgreSQL has something called "Large Objects". But these aren't supported by some backup tools without extra configuration.
Batteries included? Both the python SQL libraries (psycopg2, and sqlalchemy) have builtin support for BYTEA.
But how do you easily copy files out of the database and into it? I made a image save and get gist here to save and get files with a 45 line python script. It's even easier when you use an ORM, since the data is just an attribute (open('bla.png').write(image.data)).
A fairly important thing to consider with putting gigabytes of binary data into your PostgreSQL is that it will affect the backup/restore speed of your other data. This isn't such a problem if you have a hot spare replica, have point in time recovery(with WALL-e, pgbarman), use logical replication, or decide to restore selective tables.
How about speed? I found it faster to put binary data into PostgreSQL compared to S3. Especially on low CPU clients (IoT), where you have to do full checksums of the data before sending it on the client side to S3. This also depends on the geographical location of S3 you are using, and your network connections to it.
S3 also provides other advantages and features (like built in replication, and it's a managed service). But for storing a little bit of binary data, I think PostgreSQL is good enough. Of course if you want a highly durable globally distributed object store with very little setup then things like S3 are first.
More reading.
Realtime, pubsub, change feeds, Reactive.Change feeds are a feed you can listen to for changes. The pubsub (or Publish–subscribe pattern), can be done with LISTEN / NOTIFY and TRIGGER.
|Implement You've Got Mail functionality.
PostgreSQL can not give you hard real time guarantees unfortunately. So custom high end video processing and storage systems, or specialized custom high speed financial products are not domains PostgreSQL is suited.
How well does it perform? In the Queue section, I mentioned thousands of events per core on an old laptop.
Issues for latency are the query planner and optimizer, and VACUUM, and ANALYZE.
The query planner is sort of amazing, but also sort of annoying. It can automatically try and figure out the best way to query data for you. However, it doesn't automatically create an index where it might think one would be good. Depending on environmental factors, like how much CPU, IO, data in various tables and other statistics it gathers, it can change the way it searches for data. This is LOTS better than having to write your queries by hand, and then updating them every time the schema, host, or amount of data changes.
But sometimes it gets things wrong, and that isn't acceptable when you have performance requirements. William Stein (from the Sage Math project) wrote about some queries mysteriously some times being slow at [7]. This was after porting his web app to use PostgreSQL instead of rethinkdb (TLDR; the port was possible and the result faster). The solution is usually to monitor those slow queries, and try to force the query planner to follow a path that you know is fast. Or to add/remove or tweak the index the query may or may not be using. Brady Holt wrote a good article on "Performance Tuning Queries in PostgreSQL".
Later on I cover the topic of column databases, and 'real time' queries over that type of data popular in financial and analytic products (pg doesn't have anything built in yet, but extensions exist).
VACUUM ANALYZE is a process that cleans things up with your data. It's a garbage collector (VACUUM) combined with a statistician (ANALYZE). It seems every release of PostgreSQL improves the performance for various corner cases. It used to have to be run manually, and now automatic VACUUM is a thing. Many more things can be done concurrently, and it can avoid having to read all the data in many more situations. However, sometimes, like with all garbage collectors it makes pauses. On the plus side, it can make your data smaller and inform itself about how to make faster queries. If you need to, you can turn off the autovacuum, and do things more manually. Also, you can just do the ANALYZE part to gather statistics, which can run much faster than VACUUM.
To get better latency with python and PostgreSQL, there is asyncpg by magicstack. Which uses an asynchronous network model (python 3.5+), and the binary PostgreSQL protocol. This can have 2ms query times and is often faster than even golang, and nodejs. It also lets you read in a million rows per second from PostgreSQL to python per core [8]. Memory allocations are reduced, as is context switching - both things that cause latency.
For these reasons, I think it's "good enough" for many soft real time uses, where the occasional time budget failure isn't the end of the world. If you load test your queries on real data (and for more data than you have), then you can be fairly sure it will work ok most of the time. Selecting the appropriate client side driver can also give you significant latency improvements.
More reading.
- http://blog.sagemath.com/2017/02/09/rethinkdb-vs-postgres.html
- https://almightycouch.org/blog/realtime-changefeeds-postgresql-notify/
- https://blog.andyet.com/2015/04/06/postgres-pubsub-with-json/
- https://github.com/klaemo/postgres-triggers
- https://www.confluent.io/blog/bottled-water-real-time-integration-of-postgresql-and-kafka/
- https://www.geekytidbits.com/performance-tuning-postgres/
- http://blog.sagemath.com/2017/02/09/rethinkdb-vs-postgres.html
- https://magic.io/blog/asyncpg-1m-rows-from-postgres-to-python/
Log storage and processingBeing able to have your logs in a central place for queries, and statistics is quite helpful. But so is grepping through logs. Doing relational or even full text queries on them is even better.
rsyslog allows you to easily send your logs to a PostgeSQL database [1]. You set it up so that it stores the logs in files, but sends them to your database as well. This means if the database goes down for a while, the logs are still there. The rsyslog documentation has a section on high speed logging by using buffering on the rsyslog side [4].
systemd is the more modern logging system, and it allows logging to remote locations with systemd-journal-remote. It sends JSON lines over HTTPS. You can take the data in with systemd (using it as a buffer) and then pipe it into PostgreSQL with COPY at high rates. The other option is to use the systemd support for sending logs to traditional syslogs like rsyslog, which can send it into a PostgreSQL.
Often you want to grep your logs. SELECT regex matches can be used for grep/grok like functionality. It can also be used to parse your logs into a table format you can more easily query.
TRIGGER can be used to parse the data every time a log entry is inserted. Or you can use MATERIALIZED VIEWs if you don't need to refresh the information as often.
Is it fast enough? See this talk by Steven Simpson at the fosdem conference about infrastructure monitoring with PostgreSQL. In it he talks about using PostgreSQL to monitor and log a 100 node system. PostgreSQL on a single old laptop can quite happy ingest at a rate in the hundreds of thousands of messages per second range. Citusdata is an out of core solution which builds on PostgreSQL(and contributes to it ya!). It is being used to process billions of events, and is used by some of the largest companies on the internet (eg. Cloudflare with 5% of internet traffic uses it for logging). So PostgreSQL can scale up too(with out of core extensions).
Batteries included? In the timeseries database section of this article, I mentioned that you can use grafana with PostgreSQL (with some effort). You can use this for dashboards, and alerting (amongst other things). However, I don't know of any really good systems (Sentry, Datadog, elkstack) which have first class PostgreSQL support out of the box.
One advantage of having your logs in there is that you can write custom queries quite easily. Want to know how many requests per second from App server 1 there were, and link it up to your slow query log? That's just a normal SQL query, and you don't need to have someone grep through the logs... normal SQL tools can be used. When you combine this functionality with existing SQL analytics tools, this is quite nice.
I think it's good enough for many small uses. If you've got more than 100 nodes, or are doing a lot of events, it might not be the best solution (unless you have quite a powerful PostgreSQL cluster). It does take a bit more work, and it's not the road most traveled. However it does let you use all the SQL analytics tools with one of the best metrics and alerting systems.
More reading.
- http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/v8-stable/tutorials/database.html
- https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/plpgsql-trigger.html
- https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.6/static/functions-matching.html
- http://www.rsyslog.com/doc/v8-stable/tutorials/high_database_rate.html
Queue for collecting dataWhen you have traffic bursts, it's good to persist the data quickly, so that you can queue up processing for later. Perhaps you normally get only 100 visitors per day, but then some news article comes out or your website is mentioned on the radio (or maybe spammers strike) -- this is bursty traffic.
Storing data, for processing later is things that systems like Kafka excel at.
Using the COPY command, rather than lots of separate inserts can give you a very nice speedup for buffering data. If you do some processing on the data, or have constraints and indexes, all these things slow it down. So instead you can just put it in a normal table, and then process the data like you would with a queue.
A lot of the notes for Log storage, and Queuing apply here. I guess you're starting to see a pattern? We've been able to use a few building blocks to implement efficient patterns that allow us to use PostgreSQL which might have required specialized databases in the past.
The fastest way to get data into PostgreSQL from python? See this answer [1] where 'COPY {table} FROM STDIN WITH BINARY' is shown to be the fastest way.
More reading.
High availability, elasticity.
"Will the database always be there for you? Will it grow with you?"To get things going quickly there are a number of places which offer PostgreSQL as a service [3][4][5][6][7][8]. So you can get them to setup replication, monitoring, scaling, backups, and software updates for you.
The Recovery Point Objective (RPO), and Recovery Time Objective (RTO) are different for every project. Not all projects require extreme high availability. For some, it is fine to have the recovery happen hours or even a week later. Other projects can not be down for more than a few minutes or seconds at a time. I would argue that for many non-critical websites a hot standby and offsite backup will be 'good enough'.
I would highly recommend this talk by Gunnar Bluth - "An overview of PostgreSQL's backup, archiving, and replication". However you might want to preprocess the sound with your favourite sound editor (eg. Audacity) to remove the feedback noise. The slides are there however with no ear destroying feedback sounds.
By using a hot standby secondary replication you get the ability to quickly fail over from your main database. So you can be back up within minutes or seconds. By using pgbarman or wall-e, you get point in time recovery offsite backup of the database. To make managing the replicas easier, a tool like repmgr can come in handy.
Having really extreme high availability with PostgreSQL is currently kind of hard, and requires out of core solutions. It should be easier in version 10.0 however.
Patroni is an interesting system which helps you deploy a high availability cluster on AWS (with Spilo which is used in production), and work is in progress so that it works on Kubernetes clusters. Spilo is currently being used in production and can do various management tasks, like auto scaling, backups, node replacement on failure. It can work with a minimum of three nodes.
As you can see there are multiple systems, and multiple vendors that help you scale PostgreSQL. On the low end, you can have backups of your database to S3 for cents per month, and a hotstandby replica for $5/month. You can also scale a single node all the way up to a machine with 24TB of storage, 32 cores and 244GB of memory. That's not in the same range as casandra installations with thousands of nodes, but it's still quite an impressive range.
More reading.
- https://edwardsamuel.wordpress.com/2016/04/28/set-up-postgresql-9-5-master-slave-replication-using-repmgr/
- https://fosdem.org/2017/schedule/event/postgresql_backup/
- https://www.heroku.com/postgres
- http://crunchydata.com/
- https://2ndquadrant.com/en/
- https://www.citusdata.com/
- https://www.enterprisedb.com/
- https://aws.amazon.com/rds/postgresql/
Column store, graph databases, other databases, ... finally The End?This article is already way too long... so I'll go quickly over these two topics.
Graph databases like Neo4j allow you to do complex graph queries. Edges, nodes, and hierarchies. How to do that in PostgreSQL? Denormalise the data, and use a path like attribute and LIKE. So to find things in a graph, say all the children, you can pre-compute the path inside a string, rather than do complex recursive queries and joins using foreign keys.
SELECT * FROM nodes WHERE path LIKE '/parenta/child2/child3%';Then you don't need super complex queries to get the graph structure from parent_id, child_ids and such. (Remember before how you can put a trigram index for fast LIKEs?) You can also use other pattern matching queries on this path, to do things like find all the parents up to 3 levels high that have a child.
Tagging data with a fast LIKE becomes very easy as well. Just store the tags in a comma separated field and use an index on it.
Column stores are where the data is stored in a column layout, instead of in rows. Often used for real time analytic work loads. One the oldest and best of these is Kdb+. Google made one, Druid is another popular one, and there are also plenty of custom ones used in graphics.
But doesn't PostgreSQL store everything in row based format? Yes it does. However, there is an open source extension called cstore_fdw by Citus Data which is a column-oriented store for PostgreSQL.
So how fast is it? There is a great series of articles by Mark Litwintschik, where he benchmarks a billion taxi ride data set with PostgreSQL and with kdb+ and various other systems. Without cstore_fdw, or parallel workers PostgreSQL took 3.5 hours to do a query. With 4 parallel workers, it was reduced to 1 hour and 1 minute. With cstore_fdw it took 2 minutes and 32 seconds. What a speed up!
The End.I'm sorry that was so long. But it could have been way longer. It's not my fault...
|PostgreSQL carries around such a giant Tool Chest.
Hopefully all these words may be helpful next time you want to use PostgreSQL for something outside of relational data. Also, I hope you can see that it can be possible to replace 10 database systems with just one, and that by doing so you can a gain significant ops advantage.
Any corrections or suggestions? Please leave a comment, or see you on twitter @renedudfield
There was discussion on hn and python reddit.


text:
Customer Case Studies
Business Driver: Leverage resources for improved contract management
Since 1993, US Oncology has grown to become the nation's largest health-care services network devoted exclusively to cancer treatment and research. Due to US Oncology's unparalleled national scale they have been able to advance the delivery of high-quality Oncology care while leveraging economies-of-scale to reduce healthcare costs. Through their innovative service model which includes Comprehensive Strategic Alliances and Oncology Pharmaceutical Services they are able to provide cost efficient Oncology drugs through their Distribution, GPO and Select Plus (mail order) business models.
- dd, dd
"We selected BPI Contracts™ due to their willingness and interest in developing a long-term partnership. They have been flexible and consistent throughout the implementation process.
- Steven Birnbach, Project ManagerEdwards Lifesciences
"We chose BPI Contracts™ due to their industry expertise and their willingness to address our specific business needs for contract management"
- Darren Shirley, President & CEOAkyma Pharmaceutical

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Keeping kids safe
Our local, county and state police officers continue to routinely visit Northern Heights Elementary School and other Whitley County Consolidated Schools. On one of Whitley County Sheriff's Deputy Scott Schmitt's recent visits to NHES, he stayed to have lunch with the students. Officer Schmitt was lucky enough to arrive at his son Lukus's lunchtime.


text:
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A jean jacket, a leather jacket or a structured blazer are the ultimate ways to dress down your look just enough for a dinner party with friends.
Layer, layer, layer
Love the skirt of your dress, but not the bodice? Stack a chunky sweater or chic printed scarf over top for an instant revamp.
Take it to the tailor
Whether you want to give that floor-length gown a chop or say goodbye to the straps, a tailor can give that old dress a brand new vibe with just a few snips.
Add some bauble
Break out your prettiest bling! You'll be surprised how a fun statement necklace or dangly earrings can instantly transform your look.
Get a dye job
And we're not talking hair! If lemon yellow or bright magenta aren't exactly your colors, give that old dress new life with a little bit of dye.
Wear it to another wedding
Or a baby shower. Or a holiday party. The point is, if the dress fits the occasion, don't be afraid to re-wear it! Style with the tips above.
Scrap it and start anew
Last but not least, start fresh! If you absolutely can't stand to style that frock with any of the tips above, make sure you at least up-cycle the fabric. Use that pretty lace or wispy chiffon to make a fun maxi skirt or chic headband!
Bonus: Bridesmaid Dresses They'll Actually Want to Wear!
More Bridesmaid Dress Inspiration
Bridesmaid Dresses Under $250 | 15 Bridesmaid Looks We Love | Dos and Dont's Of Picking Bridesmaid Dresses


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Douglas Blue Feather is a flutist and is coming to UIS for a FREE concert on November 1, 2012 from 12 ' 1:30pm in the food emporium. Doug's ancestry includes American Indian, Iberian, and European, is an internationally known recording artist and performer of music featuring the Native American flute. Recognized as one of the most prolific flutists of today, he has released 15 CDs which have been heard on radio stations worldwide.
The highlights of Doug's career include winning the 2010 Indian Summer Music Award for 'Best Traditional Native American Flute' and the 2009 Coalition Of Visionary Resources Music Award for 'Best New Age CD'. He has received over seventeen nominations for the Native American Music Awards and four wins including 'Flutist Of The Year' and 'Best New Age CD'. He was also featured on the Grammy nominated CD, Faces Of The Sun, by Peter Kater. Douglas Blue Feather has performed at the Native American Awards, on Fox TV, and at numerous nationally advertised powwows, festivals, and churches throughout the United States.
Doug quote: 'I'm honored that people refer to me as a master, but like any musical instrument, there is always something new to learn. Some new way of expressing the instrument. My music has become much more than I dreamed and is more than just a musical journey, it's a spiritual journey as well. It really is a gift from the Creator. I am honored to have touched the hearts and lives of so many people.'


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O'Reilly Among the Snobs
It takes one to know one.
Do you believe this story?
Bill O'Reilly, the Fox News talk show host, is in the capital for the Bush inauguration. He is invited to a fancy dinner party. Reluctantly, he accepts, although it is not his kind of thing. According to Newsweek, "O'Reilly said he could feel the socialites and bigwigs 'measuring' him. 'They're saying, "What's he doing here?" One couple even got up to leave,' O'Reilly later recalled."
Two people left a Washington dinner party rather than share a table with a prole like Bill O'Reilly? Although I wasn't there, I state baldly: It never happened. That kind of snobbery barely exists in America. (Wednesday's Wall Street Journal had a front-page feature on country clubs that exclude Jews, treating the matter—correctly—as an odd cultural cul-de-sac, like a town where everyone plays hopscotch or a Web site devoted to whistling.) Certainly, traditional snobbery cannot hope to compete with today's most powerful social ordering principle: celebrity. O'Reilly, as he himself has been known to admit, has the most popular news show on cable. His book, The O'Reilly Factor (named after the show), was a No. 1 best seller. When he appears at an "A-list" (Newsweek's label) social function, nobody wonders, "What's he doing here?"
Yet O'Reilly, like many other people, clings to the fantasy that he is a stiff among the swells. He plays this chord repeatedly in the book, a potpourri of anecdotes and opinions about life in general and his in particular. He had a very strange experience as a graduate student at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government (which let the likes of Bill O'Reilly through its ivy-covered gates, he is careful to note, "in an effort to bring all sorts of people together"). Other Kennedy School students, he says, insisted on being called by three names, none of which could be "Vinny, Stevie, or Serge." Their "clothing was understated but top quality … and their rooms hinted of exotic vacations and sprawling family property. Winter Skiing in Grindelwald? No problem." They tried to be nice, but Bill was nevertheless humiliated, in a Thai restaurant, to be "the only one who didn't know how to order my meal in Thai."
I should explain this last one to those who may not have been aware that Thai is the lingua franca of the American WASP upper class. The explanation is simple. American Jewish parents only one or two generations off the boat often spoke in Yiddish when they didn't want their children to understand. Italian-Americans used Italian, and so on. But WASPs only had English. (They tried Latin, but tended to forget the declensions after the second martini.) So they adopted Thai, which they use in front of the servants and the O'Reillys of the world as well. (At least it sounds like Thai after the second martini.) When they turn 18, upper-class children attend a secret Thai language school, disguised as a ski resort, in Grindelwald.
The notion that the Kennedy School of Government, populated by swells out of P.G. Wodehouse, reached out to O'Reilly, a poor orphan out of Dickens, as representing the opposite pole of the human experience, would be remarkable enough. But O'Reilly's chapter on "The Class Factor" (Chapter 1, luckily for me) contains some puzzling counterevidence. "I'm working-class Irish American Bill O'Reilly … pretty far down the social totem pole," he says. Growing up in the 1960s, he watched his father "exhausting himself commuting from Levittown" to work as an accountant for an oil company. Dad "never made more than $35,000"—which would be $100,000 or more in today's money.
Oh, the shame of it! O'Reilly has been downward social climbing. He is actually—and I wish I could say this in Thai, to avoid humiliating him with the children—m-i-d-d-l-e c-l-a-s-s. He apparently regards that status with just as much horror as do the toffs of his fevered imagination.
Why fake a humble background? Partly for business reasons: Joe Sixpack versus the elitists is a good posture for any talk show host, especially one on Fox. Partly out of vanity: It makes the climb to your current perch more impressive. Partly for political reasons: Under our system, even conservatives need some plausible theory to qualify for victim status, from which all blessings flow. But mainly out of sheer snobbery. And it's the only kind of snobbery with any real power in America today: reverse snobbery. Bill O'Reilly pretends (or maybe sincerely imagines) that he feels the sting of status from above. But he unintentionally reveals that he actually fears it more from below. Like most of us.
This is not a terrible thing. Reverse snobbery, unlike the traditional kind, is a tribute to democracy—it's egalitarianism overshooting the mark. And it is a countervailing social force against growing economic disparity. But when you're faking it, if you're not careful, reverse snobbery can look a lot like the traditional kind. Bill O'Reilly told Newsweek he would never patronize a Starbucks, because he prefers a Long Island coffee shop "where cops and firemen hang out." Guess what, Bill! Cops and firemen like good coffee too! And they can afford it. Starbucks is one of the great democratizing institutions of our time. You'd know that if you went in there occasionally. You snob.


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An important city of Maharashtra state, Aurangabad is known worldwide for its closeness to UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Ajanta Caves and Ellora Caves. This city got its name from great Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.The intersections of north and south India meets here. The city lies on a major trade route which makes connection between India's sea ports to land markets of Deccan, which is known as the 'Silk Route'. Aurangabad can be easily reached by air travel, trains or bus services. Before booking tickets for flights check the airfares across various domestic LCCs. Airline bookings can be done according to flight schedule. Aurangabad Railway Station is connected by trains of Indian Railways. Make reservations through online reservations after checking train availability and train tickets. Regular bus services connect Aurangabad to other cities of the state. Buy bus tickets directly or do bus bookings in advance for group. Online booking is also available for inter state buses including Volvo bus and sleeper bus. For accommodation plenty of cheap hotels are available in Aurangabad. On Aurangabad packages you can stay in a budget hotel or a star luxury hotel at discount rate. So, for a glimpse of the bygone era visit Aurangabad and book bus tickets with MakeMyTrip.com the largest online travel booking portal in India.
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Are the Dallas Cowboys still America's team?
Maybe, maybe not, but they definitely seem to be the favorites of America's media.
After three consecutive 8-8 seasons that didn't feature a playoff appearance, the Cowboys are 5-1 and became the talk of the league after their win in Seattle on Sunday.
All of the NFL-centric talk shows, and there are many, featured the Cowboys, even though the Eagles may have been just as impressive in their domination of the Giants on Sunday night.
On WIP radio on Monday, ESPN's Ron Jaworski, still quite partial to the Eagles, told Mike Missanelli that at 8 o'clock on Sunday night he considered the Cowboys to be the best team in...


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Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourself, who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous and talented? Who are you NOT to be?Delete Topic
Holistic Spinner (I hope)Delete
I was always scared with my mother's obsession with the good scissors. It made me wonder if there were evil scissors lurking in the house somewhere.
Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons for you are crunchy and good with ketchup.
Laugh Often, Smile Much, Post lolcats AlwaysDelete
that shrewd and knavish sprite
Called Robin Good Fellow ; are you not he that is frighten of the maidens of the villagery - fairy
I am the merry wander of the night -puk
dance your cares away
worries for another day
so let the music play
down in fragle rock
TAJ "boat mummy." VALURA "yes sweetie you went on a boat, was daddy there with you?" TAJ "no, but monkey on boat" VALURA "well then sweetie, Daddy WAS there with you"Delete
that shrewd and knavish sprite
Called Robin Good Fellow ; are you not he that is frighten of the maidens of the villagery - fairy
I am the merry wander of the night -puk
Let's relight this forumDelete
Laugh Often, Smile Much, Post lolcats AlwaysDelete
Geez, I'd give my right arm to be ambidextrous.Delete
Geez, I'd give my right arm to be ambidextrous.Delete
If we as members of the human race practice meditation, we can transcend our fear, despair, and forgetfulness. Meditation is not an escape. It is the courage to look at reality with mindfulness and concentration. Thich Nhat HanhDelete
yay up to 5 beat weave only 4 more to get to 9 :PDelete
"I'll carry this....It's harder to spill a hat" - Chellybean
"...like a rabbit caught in a lighthouse?" - Chellybean
When people says "plz" cause its shorter than "please" I say "no" cause its shorter than "yes"Delete
Higher, higher burning fire...making music like a choir
"Oooh look! A pub!" -exclaimed after recovering from a stupid fall
"And for the decadence of art, nothing beats a roaring fire." -TMK
What else can I say? TamingFire.ComDelete


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The United States offers a wide variety of climates from frozen tundra to steamy tropical and from dry desert to soggy rain forest and everywhere in between. In the 50 states, the extreme temperatures have ranged well over 200°F from -80°F (Prospect Creek, Alaska ) to 134°F (Greenland Ranch in Death Valley, CA). Rainfall has varied from virtually nothing in the driest years in the southwestern desert region to 460 inches at Mt. Waialeale on the Island of Kauai in Hawaii.
The wettest regions are those in the Pacific Northwest and the southeastern United States as well as the coastal and adjoining mountainous areas of Hawaii and Alaska. In the Northwestern United States and the Alaska coastal regions, it is the steady barrage of winter season storms that brings the heaviest rains (and mountain snows). In the southeastern United States, strong storms and cold fronts bring rains in winter and then in the warm season it is the daily thundershowers and occasional tropical systems that keep it wet. In Hawaii, it is the moist and steady trade winds that are responsible. The desert regions and the large expanse of semi-arid climates in the Great Basin get that way because of the shielding effect of the western mountains which remove a good deal of the Pacific moisture as systems ride the jet stream from west to east across the country.
One of the most important factors in the annual cycle is the position and strength of these storms and the polar front that separates warm air from cold. In winter the storm tracks and the polar front is suppressed well to the south, often reaching the Gulf Coast. Storms move along the polar front bringing snow and ice to their north. Although the cold air can occasionally reach the southern border states, much of the time, the deep south from southern California and Arizona to Florida stays relatively mild. This area is a haven for tourists seeking a quick escape from harsh winter conditions to the north.
In summer, the polar front is much weaker and retreats north, often into Canada. Tropical air spreads to the north and brings the heat and humidity and the scattered daytime thundershowers of summer. Low pressure moving along the front can organize these thunderstorms into squall lines. There is often a reversal of tourist destinations in the summer, as many southerners flock to the northern areas to escape the sweltering heat and humidity over the south.
In the transition seasons, the polar front migrates (north in the spring, south in the fall). In the spring, the still strong storms can feed on the reappearing tropical moisture and instability, and spawn severe weather. In the late summer and fall, the excess heat of the tropics manifests itself in the form of tropical storms and hurricanes that threaten coastal areas with wind and storm surge and bring flooding rains inland.


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Nelda O. Webb
PANHANDLE - Nelda O. Webb, 76, a former resident of Panhandle, died Sunday, June 26, 2011, in Amarillo.Services will be at 11 a.m. Friday at First United Methodist Church in Panhandle with Rev. Buddy Payne, Pastor, officiating. Interment will be in Panhandle Cemetery under the direction of Minton/Chatwell Funeral Directors of Panhandle.Mrs. Webb was born on April 2, 1935, in Paradise, Ariz. She was a Panhandle resident from 1956 to 1999 when she moved to Amarillo. She retired from Bell Helicopter and was a member of the Red Hat Club and Christian Motorcycle Association. She was preceded in death by her husband L.R. "Buddy" Webb in 2002, and great-granddaughter Skylya Phillips in 2008.Mrs. Webb is survived by four daughters, Janell Britten Sharp and husband Steve of Melissa, Janene Sherman of Amarillo, Janece Harvey and husband Charles of Conway, Janette Zamora and husband Gilbert of Amarillo, brother Garland Wimberly of Hobbs, N.M., 10 grandchildren, Lonny Britten and wife Lisa, Bobby Britten and wife Kim, Ronna Ponsonby, Michelle Sherman, Melissa Sherman, Renae Brown and husband Dub, Sideanna Harvey, Jessica Zamora, Jeremy Zamora and wife Glenda, Geoffrey Zamora and wife Sunny, and 15 great-grandchildren.The family will be staying at 7402 Dreyfuss in Amarillo.To send condolences, sign the online guestbook at www.mintonchatwell.com.


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Duke Launches New Men's Basketball Statistical Website
DURHAM, N.C. (Feb. 7, 2007) - The Duke University athletic department launched a new comprehensive website Wednesday in conjunction with the Duke-North Carolina men's basketball game.
The website features in-depth and comprehensive statistics of Duke's men's basketball program.
The website currently features every boxscore in Duke history since the 1936-37 season. Two of an anticipated four main sections are now available. The season section looks at each team since 1937 and has rosters, team stats, schedule and results and much more. The player section looks at the statistics from each player who saw action in a game since 1937.
"This was a massive project," Duke Director of Internet Operations Curtis Snyder said. "But we wanted to make this public as soon as we felt we had most of the bugs out. This is the culmination of a three-and-a half year project researching and building the website. We want our fans to have access to the most statistical information available about Duke Basketball."
In addition to season and player sections, the website will eventually have a records section as well as an opponent breakdown section. Duke also has plans to launch similar websites for some of the department's other 25 varsity sports.
"We started this project and made it a priority to help maintain our records and statistics in the most efficient way," Assistant Athletic Director for Communications Jon Jackson said. "This also allows us to give the public direct access into this information, which is not available anywhere else."


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Latest News
Queen concert movie 'Hungarian Rhapsody' on the big screen for the first time at a cinema near you from 20 September 2012
Issued London, UK – 17 July 2012
Hungarian Rhapsody: Queen Live In Budapest '86 is a must–see event for Queen fans released in cinemas worldwide from 20 September 2012. The film is expected to play on screens in over 30 territories worldwide. In the UK it will be screened in all the major cities, around 100 cinemas nationwide.
Cinema listings and ticket booking links will be available at www.queenonline.com with new venues being added on a regular basis.
Originally filmed in 1986, this momentous concert movie has been re-mastered in high definition and superb 5.1 surround sound for its first–ever digital cinema screening and opens with a special 25 minute documentary feature following legends of rock, Queen, from just after their historic show–stealing performance at Live Aid on 13 July 1985 through the following year leading up to the concert in Budapest.
As part of the hugely successful 1986 Magic Tour that, poignantly, was the last to be played by Freddie Mercury, Queen were for the first time able to include Hungary on the tour schedule. With three years to go before the fall of the Berlin Wall, this was the largest concert ever staged at the Népstadion, Budapest, and the first Western Rock Concert staged in a stadium behind the then Iron Curtain. It was of such significance to the Hungarian authorities and film industry that a group of the country's top film cameramen and technicians were brought together to film it for posterity.
Staged for 80,000 ecstatic fans, the concert set includes favourite hits like Bohemian Rhapsody, Crazy Little Thing Called Love, I Want To Break Free and We Are The Champions. The resulting concert movie has been digitally re-mastered for the big screen and is introduced by a documentary feature that gives the inside track on events leading up to the Budapest concert. Using archive footage from rehearsals, interviews with the band and on the road during the Magic Tour – some of which has never been seen before – this fascinating intro feature has been specially created for the cinema release.
"We're delighted that Queen fans across the world will finally have the chance to relive this amazing moment for the band. We knew a stadium concert in Budapest was ground–breaking, but hadn't quite anticipated what a historic night it would turn out to be. The concert looks fantastic on the cinema screen in all its digitally re-mastered glory and the documentary does a great job of setting the scene – it really was an extraordinary time in the band's history."Brian May and Roger Taylor
Hungarian Rhapsody: Queen Live In Budapest '86 – a fantastic opportunity to dress up, sing along and celebrate the magic of Queen at your local cinema.
For cinema listings and to book tickets visit www.queenonline.com
Release date: 20 September 2012
Running time: 115 minutes
Certificate: TBC


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Pieter den Ouden (d. 1569)
Pieter den Ouden (Old Peter), also called Pieter (den) Oudeg(h)od(t), an Anabaptist martyr who was burned at the stake at Kortrijk (Courtrai) in Flanders on 30 April 1569, after being cruelly tortured three times (van Braght's Martyrs' Mirror gives only the year). He was executed with five other Anabaptists, and died with the words, "O Lord, stand by Thy servant and strengthen him in this last extremity, and do not hold this evil deed to their account, but convert them; for they know not what they do." He was a native of Kortrijk, living as a cabinetmaker at Meenen (Menin), where he was arrested. His property was confiscated. He had been (re)baptized in 1568.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doops-gesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, …, 1685. Part II: 408.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 759. Available online at: http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm.
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 351.
Verheyden, A. L. E. Le Martyrologe Courtraisien et la Martyrologe Bruxellois. Vilvorde: R. Allecourt, 1950: 38, No. 23.
|Christian Neff
|Nanne van der Zijpp
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Neff, Christian and Nanne van der Zijpp. "Pieter den Ouden (d. 1569)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1959. Web. 15 Nov 2018. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Pieter_den_Ouden_(d._1569)&oldid=146664.
APA style
Neff, Christian and Nanne van der Zijpp. (1959). Pieter den Ouden (d. 1569). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 15 November 2018, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Pieter_den_Ouden_(d._1569)&oldid=146664.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p. 172. All rights reserved.
©1996-2018 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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Heralded by the country's justice minister as the "greatest contribution to gender equality" since German women won the right to vote, the Frauenquote has given new impetus to the gender quota debate. The new mandatory quota requires all German listed companies that are subject to co-determination(Mitbestimmung) to have 30% of their board seats occupied by women. This means that the 30% quota will apply to approximately 108 large companies. The new law also compels another 3,500 medium-sized companies to set their own internal quotas. Failure to comply will result in empty board seats – at least until suitable candidates have been found.
Changing the corporate mindset
Gone are the days when the focus was on whether a more gender diverse board drives company performance – an increasingly established body of evidence answers this question in the affirmative.[1]The question now is whether gender quotas will deliver on their promise of a changed corporate mindset that will provide long-term upward mobility for women. In an ideal world, the diversity resulting from the imposed quota would trickle down to other echelons of management, allowing the whole company to benefit.
Will the German quota be able to fulfil its promise? It must first be said that there is no one-size-fit-all answer to the question of quota effectiveness, which is why quotas must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Factors such as Germany's progression towards gender diversity on boards, the impact and robustness of self-regulation and the feasibility of the target set all need to be considered.
In Germany's case, doubts about the quota's ability to deliver abound. They range from criticism that the quota should have been set for the executive board (Vorstand) – the centre of corporate decision-making – or perhaps more feasibly, for a range of senior management positions within the company instead of for the supervisory board (Aufsichtsrat) to the claim that Quotenfrauen, the name for women who have been given a post merely to fulfil the quota system requirements, are considered a burden rather than enrichment for the company, which is the exact opposite of the quota's intended effect.
Application across Europe
While these are valid concerns, self-regulation has not yet led to significant progress for German women. The voluntary agreement that was struck between the Federal Government and the central industry associations in 2001 has to date made meagre progress for women in leadership positions. And while the gender diversity efforts of the German Corporate Governance Commission seem to have been more fruitful, they still have not gone far enough. In France meanwhile, similar laws on quotas have shown great promise. The country is far ahead of its 20% interim target of reaching 40% female representation on company boards by 2017.
The success of the German board quota is particularly important when considering the wider European context. While not the first of its kind – board gender quotas have slowly gained traction in European countries since pioneering in Norway in 2003 – the German gender quota carries particular weight because of its timing. A draft European directive calling for a minimum of 40% women on boards of companies listed in Europe by 2020 could be edging closer, with the European Commission aiming to agree on the proposal later this year. The looming prospect or perhaps threat of EU-wide legislation, combined with the introduction of the Frauenquote might give other European countries the final push towards the establishment of gender quotas for their own corporate boards.
Whether the German quota will drive greater levels of diversity in the long term remains to be seen but the glass ceiling in Europe has certainly incurred another substantial crack.
G7 – A direct hit on public policy engagement
Retreat from the ice


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Hands-On Experience
Global MBA student Bruno Laden just got back from a one-week seminar in Brazil. He had been looking forward to the trip for weeks. It was, after all, one of the main reasons he applied to Suffolk's Global MBA program.
He chose Brazil over other destinations, like India, Germany, China, and San Juan, because he didn't know much about the country. "This was a unique opportunity to experience the country and learn about what it's like to do business there," he said.
His group, led by Professor Carlos Rufin, visited PepsiCo's headquarters, as well as several smaller businesses.
The students immediately dove into major projects. At PepsiCo, marketing executives shared their current marketing strategy for three products: Cheetos, Toddy Cookie, and Quaker Health Bar. Then they asked the students to develop and pitch digital campaigns for each product.
"We really got an inside look at how international businesses operate, and it made me realize that I'm making the right choice by pursuing a career in global business," Laden said.
Building Cultural Awareness
But the trip wasn't all business. There was still plenty of time for fun. The group visited the rainforest, spent time at the beach, and ate local food.
"It is quite an amazing thing when you're at plush conference room of a multinational company one day and paddling through mangroves the following day. I learned about the culture and social forces that are shaping the country, all of which are important to understand how to do business there," Laden said.
Rebecca Barnett, one of Laden's classmates, saw the trip as a way to test her cultural IQ.
"I knew this would be an amazing cultural experience for my education, career, and life," said Barnett, who is an MBA student.
The trip has inspired her to switch degree programs. She plans to earn a Global MBA with a concentration in International Marketing.
"I have gained so much confidence from this experience. I now know I'm capable of adapting to different environments and building professional relationships with people around the world," she said.
Setting Career Goals
For Global Business/Public Administration major Anais Baez, the Global Travel Seminar to India was a chance to explore her career interests. Baez hopes to one day start a nonprofit organization in Latin America.
During her seminar, she visited a non-governmental organization called Goonj. The organization collects and gives away used clothing. Instead of paying for the clothes, the needy do service work in their communities.
"Goonj does more than just provide clothing. They're teaching people how to live better and have a lasting effect on their communities. I want to be able to have a similar impact one day," Baez said.
Where will you go?
If you're considering one of the seminars, our students have some advice: Be open-minded. Embrace the culture. And show everyone that you're eager to learn. We'll be releasing our 2013-2014 schedule shortly. For more information, visit our Global Travel Seminars webpage.


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Monk Gold? Hmm... I've never found it that hard. What approach are you using?
The too tough class challenges are, IMO, Warlord Gold, Bloodmage Gold, Paladin Gold, Tinker Silver, and Tinker Gold. One strange thing is that the sense subdungeon is not brought up or utilized within any of the challenges.


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Hurry, select coupons expire Saturday at midnight and our sale ends at month's end.
With safety and security at the forefront of our hearts and minds these days it's paramount to possess the tools to protect ourselves. Whether you work late hours and park your car in a dark lot or take the train in the wee hours of the morning it's important to guard yourself and be proactive when it comes to your personal safety. Maybe your walking path to the garage doesn't have the best street lamps and isn't well lit. Shouldn't you be equipped with a source of protection?
What if you could arm yourself with the same defensive tools that police offers nationwide have at their disposal? Well, Security Wizard has just the thing. A High Quality, Police Grade 8" Slap Jack, made with real leather and equipped with a Grip Strap on the back. This Slapper is not much bigger than your average cellphone, convenient and easy to use. Imagine no longer being weary of walking home from the bus stop or train or no longer fearing the parking lot in those darker winter months. Take the first step to ensure your personal safety and pick one up today.
Black. 8" High Quality Police Grade Real Leather Slapper. Also known as a SlapJack or Blackjack. Black Color. With Grip Strap on The back. Excellent Quality.


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Thus every presenter on stage in Dubai contributed a paper to the Dubai Congress which was published in the 865-page physical proceeding that accompanied the event. All these papers, together with video highlights of the plenary presentations, technical tours and social-networking events, are included in the CD and DVD in the post congress publication.
It is publications like this that sets CTBUH conferences apart from the glut of more commercial conferences now prevalent, and it is this which helps maintain the Council as the world's leading body for all matters connected with tall buildings and their role in the urban habitat. We do hope you enjoy reading the following website and watching the video highlights of our three seminal congress days in Dubai, and we encourage you to get further involved with the Council by contacting us at email@example.com.
Robert Lau, CTBUH Coordination Committee Member and Technical Editor of the CTBUH Journal, was in attendance at the Congress and attended several tours and the social-networking events. His experiences, logged in daily chronicles reflect the wealth of insights and experiences offered to those who participated. To read his full report please click here.


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Win The Holidays with Grooming Kits. Shop Now
The 4 Elements of The Perfect Shave® combine The Art of Shaving's aromatherapy-based products, handcrafted accessories and expert shaving technique to provide optimal shaving results while helping against ingrown hairs, razor burn, and nicks & cuts. Our Carry-On contains the essentials for a close and comfortable shave while you are on the go. The pouch is designed with a zip top closure for secure transport and is ideal for packing into your carry on luggage. Contains: Pre-Shave Oil Pump (1 fl. oz.), Shaving Cream Pump (1.5 fl.) oz., Badger Shaving Brush, After-Shave Balm Pump (1 fl. oz.)
Pre-Shave Oil - Before shaving, rub a small amount of oil on your hands and massage into the beard. Lather up Shaving cream or soap on top of the gel and shave.
Shaving Cream - Always shave during or after a hot shower. Using hot water, lather up a small amount of Shaving Cream with a brush or your fingers and shave with the grain. For a closer shave, re-lather and shave lightly across or against the grain. Rinse with cold water and apply After-Shave Balm.
After-Shave Balm - Apply to face and neck after shaving.
Pre-Shave Oil Ingredients: Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Leaf Oil, Fusanus Spicatus Wood Oil, Piper Nigrum (Pepper) Seed Oil, Water/Aqua, Eugenol, Farnesol, Limonene, Linalool
Shaving Cream Ingredients: Water/Aqua, Palmitic Acid, Myristic Acid, Stearic Acid, Potassium Hydroxide, Coconut Acid, Glycerin, Triethanolamine, Sodium Hydroxide, Lauric Acid, Propylene Glycol, Tetrasodium Edta, Disodium Edta, Phenoxyethanol, Methylisothiazolinone
After-Shave Balm Ingredients: Water/Aqua, Glycerin, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Peg-4 Olivate, Isohexadecane, Isopropyl Isostearate, Glyceryl Stearate, Peg-100 Stearate, Silica, Sodium Pca, Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Wax, Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract, Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract, Centella Asiatica Extract, Equisetum Hiemale Extract, Cetyl Lactate, Sodium Hyaluronate, Vitis Vinifera (Grape) Seed Extract, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Peg-4 Dilaurate, Peg-4 Laurate, Carrageenan, Xanthan Gum, Peg-4, Tetrasodium Edta, Tapioca Starch, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Caramel


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Show 1 sample image
Variations on Blue Bells of Scotland - Part(s)
Share with your friends
In the past this folksong has been arranged in a theme and variations format for flute, trumpet and the most famous version for trombone. The technical requirements of this piece do not exceed most players. A student in the first few years of playing could start working on the simple theme, then gradually add variations as their technical abilities increased.
This sheet music has not received any reviews yet, you can be the first one to write one!
Music44 is one of the biggest online stores to find all the best selections of sheet music, sheet music downloads, songbooks, music books and software for all instruments. They serve the music needs of individual musicians as well as church groups, schools and choirs all over the world. They have a best price guarantee which is called Beat-The-Best-Price-Now(TM) that lets customers purchase sheet music at the lowest prices found on the web.
This store has not received any reviews yet, you can be the first one to write one!


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From the days of the PS one, this downloadable game allows you to play the classic original on your PSP handheld system or PS3 home console.
Rez is out to destroy the Television Realm, and only Gex the Gecko can save it. Unfortunately, Gex has retired, but a huge pile of cash from the government quickly changed his mind. You take control of Gex as he travels through 24 levels with themes that are parodies of television and movies. In each level Gex must collect remote controls to open new areas and eventually fight the level boss. Throughout all of the levels, Gex (voiced by HBO comedian Dana Gould) rattles off a variety of wise cracks to lighten the mood of the game. Many of the comments are keyed to the theme of the area Gex is exploring. Will Gex be able to defeat Rez? Will he be able to get over his television addiction? Find the answers to these questions by playing GEX: Enter the Gecko.
Release Region: United States
Release Date: November 5, 2009
Publisher: Eidos Interactive
Also available on: PlayStation, Saturn, PC, 3DO, PlayStation Portable


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PINEHURST, N.C. (AP) When Erik Compton strolls up to the first tee at Pinehurst No. 2 on Thursday, he'll be in some unfamiliar territory.
The only other time he played in one of golf's biggest events was four years ago.
He missed the cut.
But if you're expecting Compton to be overwhelmed by this U.S. Open moment, think again. This guy has faced much more daunting challenges than a major championship - such as undergoing two heart transplants.
''I've been through some tough times,'' said Compton in what qualifies as a colossal understatement. ''I'm just happy to be out here playing and feeling strong.''
Compton is the only golfer at Pinehurst on heart No. 3, which gives him a unique perspective.
''There's something to be said for going through what I've gone through,'' he said. ''When you step on the tee, you're not intimidated by other people, you're not intimidated by the situation.''
Diagnosed with heart disease as a child, Compton received his first transplant at age 12. Sixteen years later, he suffered a major heart attack but managed to drive himself to the hospital quickly enough to extend his life with another transplant.
Now 34, he has qualified for his second U.S. Open, giving him a chance to promote a cause that is certainly dear to him - organ donation - while inspiring others to keep pursuing their dreams even when life deals them a cruel hand.
''Most people don't survive a widow-maker heart attack,'' Compton said, referring to the ominous nickname for the condition that nearly claimed his life in 2008.
Yet there he was on Tuesday, playing a practice round with good friend Ernie Els and two other major champions from South Africa, Louis Oosthuizen and Charl Schwartzel. As the group walked away from the 18th tee, someone shouted out, ''Go Dawgs!'' - a reference to Compton's college days at the University of Georgia.
Compton looked as calm as could be. That doesn't figure to change when the tournament begins.
''There's no doubt that's one of his advantages,'' said Charles DeLucca, who has been coaching Compton since around the time of the first transplant. ''Adrenaline is one thing, but stress isn't stress to him. He's been through the works.''
Unless one knows the details of the story, there is no way to tell that Compton was so close to death not so long ago. He looks like just another player trying to deal with Pinehurst's treacherous greens and punishing waste areas.
Even Schwartzel, who had some idea of Compton's ordeal, wasn't entirely up to speed on the enormity of it.
''It's hard to grasp,'' Compton said. ''Charl actually asked me, `Did they take out the whole heart?'''
While that may be someone else's heart in his chest, the willpower and determination is all Compton's. There are guys who would've given up on this dream long ago, even without a life-threatening malady along the way.
After turning pro in 2001, Compton struggled for the better part of a decade to break through. He spent most of those years on the Nationwide and Canadian tours, occasionally turning up at a PGA Tour event. The ailing heart surely made it harder for him to realize his true potential, though the Florida native spends little time dwelling on what might have been.
''I don't know how life would've worked out,'' Compton said. ''We all take different paths.''
He's certainly got no complaints at the moment. Compton finally earned his Tour card in 2012, went through qualifying school to keep it the following year, and now seems to be establishing himself as a solid, consistent pro. He's already won more than $863,000 this season, by far the best of his career with a good chunk of the schedule still remaining. That includes fifth-place showings at both Bay Hill and New Orleans.
''A lot of people have transplants but go on to be successful at other things,'' Compton said. ''I'm happy that I've been able to be a success in sports, competing with the elite of the elite, and to make a living doing it.''
Golf was the last thing on Compton's mind during that awful day in 2008. Fortunately, he was aware of how his body should feel and knew that he needed help as soon as possible. He arrived at the hospital losing vision, struggling to stay conscious and coughing up blood.
''I was basically minutes away from dying,'' Compton said. ''People say that dying is peaceful. Well, maybe when you're dead it's peaceful. But the process of having a widow-maker heart attack is very painful.''
The odds of survival were slim enough - even slimmer for someone who had already undergone a transplant.
But Compton held on, got another heart, and got back to living.
The U.S. Open?
No problem.
''It's amazing,'' Schwartzel said. ''It certainly puts golf in perspective very quickly.''
Follow Paul Newberry on Twitter at www.twitter.com/pnewberry1963


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Lewiston-Porter Intermediate School's Flag Day ceremony will take place starting at 9:30 a.m. on Friday, June 14. Featured will be representatives of the armed forces, as well as veterans from different branches of the service.
For more information, contact Joy Khatib at 716-296-7254, ext. 3218.


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Best Service new release: Chris Hein Horns 3 – Muted Brass
Outstanding virtual sampled brass instrument library, the Vol. 3 Muted Brass offers 8 Solo-Trumpets, 8 Solo-Trombones, 7 Trumpet-Sections and 5 Trombone-Sections.
Chris Hein Horns is an outstanding virtual sampled brass instrument library with a unique user interface plus 72 control features in 11 different edit pages allowing users to customize any aspect of sound shaping and playability.
Dynamic: Up to 8 dynamics have been sampled for each playing technique. This enables complete control over the dynamics and provides a greater amount of variation per note. To avoid the machine gun-effect in repetitions simply adjust the velocity in your sequencers editor or use the programmed hot keys.
Software: Chris Hein Horns 3 comes with a full licence of the famous Kontakt Player 3.5 from Native Instruments. This easy to use software guarantees the compatibility with Mac and PC. You can run the Kontakt Player 3.5 as a plug-in with any software sequencer, or as a standalone-version. You can also use and edit the instruments in Kontakt 3.
Main Features
- Approx 20,000 samples
- 14 GB content
- Approx 2,000 samples per instrument
- 18 different playing techniques
- Up to 8 velocities per note
- 72 control features in 11 edit-pages
- 6 DSP EFX and 21 high class convolution reverbs included
- New control features: Key-Switch Presets, Hot-Keys, Key-Vibrato and Real-Vibrato, Legato- and Glide-Mode, Growl-Control, Air-Control, Keys-Control, Spit-Control, Dirty-Notes, Breath Release-Trigger, and more.


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New Car Review Video
2013 Chrysler 200: New Car Review - Video
The Chrysler Sebring has been a fading memory ever since the mid-sized Chrysler 200 arrived on the scene. And even though the 2013 Chrysler 200 may still be based on the old Sebring, it's a tremendous improvement over its predecessor.
The 200's exterior design is sleek, to be sure, offered in either sedan or convertible bodystyles. Each offers three eye-catching trim levels from the base LX to the top-of-the-line Limited model.
The interior of the 200 has a quality look but the leather seats in the Limited are much more comfortable than the standard base-level furniture in the LX. We also like the 200's upscale instrument panel, control layout and analog clock. Limited elevates the cabin further with enhancements such as an optional 6.5-inch touchscreen with GPS navigation. This system may lack the intuitiveness of newer navigation technologies, but it's packed with functionality. And it's considerably better than the standard audio interface.
However, we definitely wish there were more interior space within the 200, especially in the back seat. If lots of room is important to you, the 200 may not cut it. It just isn't as roomy as many of its competitors, all the way down to the tight trunk space.
Under the hood resides a 173-horsepower 4-cylinder engine in the base Chrysler 200. It's adequate but we highly recommend the more spirited V6 with 283 hp. This uprated V6 is available on the Touring model and standard on the Limited. And it gives the 200 a healthy dose of performance.
In addition, the V6 comes with a 6-speed automatic transmission, instead of the "old school" 4-speed automatic that's standard with the inline 4-cylinder engine. A 6-speed gearbox can be had with the 4-cylinder engine but that powertrain is still lackluster compared to the more robust V6.
Despite the higher output, fuel economy doesn't suffer much with the V6. There's only a one or two miles-per-gallon difference between the 200's two engine offerings. The 4-cylinder with 4-speed automatic yields 21 mpg city/29 mpg hwy; the 4-cylinder with 6-speed auto has an Environmental Protection Agency rating of 20 mpg city/31 mpg hwy; and the V6 with 6-speed auto comes in at 19 mpg city/29 mpg hwy.
Price-wise, the base LX sedan starts out at only $19,195. The best competitor to compare to the 200 is the Toyota Camry. It offers great fuel economy, more room inside and few shortcomings. The Camry is definitely a tough hand to beat.
The 2013 Chrysler 200 offers a playful ride with plenty of composure, snappy styling and the choice of a sedan or convertible. But we found the interior short on space, the 4-cylinder engine less than impressive and the 4-speed automatic a real throwback. If you're going to put the 200 on your shopping list, go with the V6 Limited. It makes the most sense.


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Never Fall Asleep Around Your Friends! (In Pittsburgh, PA)
"My Bro O went to sleep at a party and this is what he looked like when he woke up" - t_donaldson
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Celebrating Suess
In celebration of Dr. Seuss' birthday, Newton-Conover Rotary Club members traveled to South Newton Elementary School Friday, March 1 to share the beloved author's books. Members began reading at 9 a.m. to classes full of students from pre-kindergarten to 2nd grade.
The reading took place on the annual 'Read Across America Day', when adults all over the county volunteer to read Dr. Seuss books to schools in their communities.
Newton-Conover Rotary Club encouraged their members from the business and professional field to participate. Titles read during the event included "Green Eggs and Ham," "Cat in the Hat" and "Horton Hears a Who."
To read more of this story, pick up the weekend print edition of Catawba County's community newspaper, The Observer News Enterprise, at newsstands throughout the county.


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A Chair You Can Lick: Sugarchair by Pieter Brenner
What's that... whenever you lick your chair, the taste sensation isn't satisfying? That's probably because it's not a rainbow-colored lollipop chair. For anyone who's ever wanted a seat that really sticks to you when you sit on it, Dutch-German designer Pieter Brenner (who looks strangely like Willie Wonka and wears a top hat) brings you the Sugarchair.
You might be wondering why someone would make a chair out of sugar. Pieter Brenner provides some helpful answers on his site, such as: "Sugar is the symbol of capitalism. Why the hell are your jeans not made out of sugar?"
While it's not the most practical design (unless you're looking for a better way to lure ants into your dining room), that might not be the point. Brenner says, "I wanted to show that we still are able to play."
As you eat away at your chair, you change its shape. "You can lick the back of my chair, then you have a table," Brenner explains.
For more information, visit Sugarchair.com.


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Rusburg, Barend (ca. 1767-1856)
Barend Rusburg (ca. 1767-9 May 1856), a son of Jan Rusburg of Haarlem, and Maria Tirion, was a Dutch Mennonite minister. At first he was employed in the office of his uncle Tirion, a noted bookseller of Amsterdam. Then he decided to study theology. He was a student in the Amsterdam Mennonite Seminary 1801-1804, and thereupon served the congregations of Aalsmeer 1805-1807, Hengelo 1807-1828, and Kampen 1828-1851; in 1851, at the age of eighty-five, he retired. Rusburg published a translation of the prophecies of Micah from the Hebrew (Amsterdam, 1832) and a short biography of two Mennonite industrialists in Hengelo, Iets over W(olter) and J(ohannes) ten Cate als oprigters der fabrijken (n.p., n.d.).
|Nanne van der Zijpp
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Zijpp, Nanne van der. "Rusburg, Barend (ca. 1767-1856)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1959. Web. 21 Nov 2018. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Rusburg,_Barend_(ca._1767-1856)&oldid=109375.
APA style
Zijpp, Nanne van der. (1959). Rusburg, Barend (ca. 1767-1856). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 21 November 2018, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Rusburg,_Barend_(ca._1767-1856)&oldid=109375.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p. 1118. All rights reserved.
©1996-2018 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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Lakers hope Kobe can compete against Kings
It's hard to imagine Kobe Bryant opting to sit out a game with the Los Angeles Lakers on the doorstep of a playoff spot.
That could be the case Saturday, when the Lakers close out a four-game road trip (1-2) against the Pacific rival Sacramento Kings.
Los Angeles released a statement Friday regarding the health of both Bryant and point guard Steve Nash.
"Kobe Bryant received treatment on his foot and ankle today and his status for tomorrow is probable. Steve Nash also received treatment today and his status for tomorrow is questionable."
Bryant's bothered by a bone spur in his left foot and said after Thursday's 113-103 loss at Milwaukee that he will be "all right." Bryant was seen using a crutch and was also hampered by an ankle issue not too long ago. The five-time NBA champion and 15-time All-Star is trying to lead the Lakers into the postseason as they sit even with Utah for eighth in the West. The Lakers were off Friday night and the Jazz defeated Portland, 105-95.
Bryant is nearing another milestone and his 30 points against the Bucks pulled him within four points of Wilt Chamberlain (31,419) for fourth place on the NBA's all-time scoring list. He passed former teammate Shaquille O'Neal for fifth place back in early February.
Michael Jordan (32,292), Karl Malone (36,928) and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (38,387) are the next in line on the all-time scoring list.
Nash is bothered by a back and hamstring issue and registered 16 points and six assists against the Bucks, while Dwight Howard had a double-double of 15 points and 15 rebounds in the setback. The Lakers were coming off a win at Minnesota and have dropped four of five games.
"He toughed it out at first. I could tell he was hurting," Lakers coach Mike D'Antoni said of Nash. "I just didn't have the heart to put him back in. He wanted to go back in but it wasn't fair to him. He was hurting."
Perhaps an extra days' rest will help Nash in his recovery.
After Saturday's game in Sacramento, the Lakers, who are just 14-24 on the road and already without forward Metta World Peace (knee), will return to Staples Center for a pair of challenging games versus Dallas and Memphis.
If the Lakers fail to play their cards right, they could be in for some trouble against the Kings.
Sacramento will begin its last homestand of the season, a five-game residency that includes visits from Houston, Dallas, Memphis and New Orleans. The Kings, who are 19-16 as the host, have won two in a row and four of six games, including Thursday's 117-103 triumph at Phoenix.
DeMarcus Cousins scored a season high 34 points and grabbed 14 rebounds, while Isaiah Thomas totaled 23 points for the Kings. Cousins helped aid a 14-0 run for a 60-46 lead and the Kings led by as many as 19 in the third quarter.
"I just feel like I got it going early. My jump shot was falling and with them giving me my jump shot and hitting it, it helped the rest of my game," said Cousins, who has 32 double-doubles on the season and has scored in double- figures in seven of the last eight games he has played in. "It was fun. I think we bounced back from our mistakes."
Cousins owns six double-doubles in the past eight games as well.
Sacramento ranks first in the NBA with 108.9 ppg since the All-Star break and has scored 100-plus points in 20 of the last 23 contests. The Kings, who have posted 100-plus points in 11 straight home games, have been dishing out the assists lately, too, with 20 or more in 17 of the previous 19 contests.
The Kings have lost two of the first three meetings with the Lakers this season and will finish the series Saturday. Los Angeles is 12-4 in the past 16 meetings between the division rivals, but has lost three straight as the guest. Cousins has played in just one of the game against L.A. this season.
Bryant is averaging 29.0 ppg in two matchups with Sacramento.


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ESP detectives needed! ESP strat?
ESP had US models back in the 80s and 90s but the logo placement and text were different. This looks like an obvious fake to me. The headstock is an esp shape though. Could be an old aftermarket esp neck from the 80s that someone put decals on. But the body doesnt look like an esp. And those tuners are super cheap budget tuners. Even vintage style tuners dont look like those. Im positive esp would never use tuners like that on a guitar that carried the esp name.
That is definately a fake. Logos aren't correct and the tuners are cheap. Headstock shape is off as well.
It really looks fake... but if those Seymour Duncan are real and it feels good to play... It does´t matters if the guitar is a real ESP
How Much did you pay for that guitar?


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Monterrey, Calif. — Who knows what is truly Mazda's motivation for its new Skyactiv technology. Perhaps the company really believes that internal combustion will triumph over electricity in the war to propel wheels. Maybe it's that the increase in performance (along with the claimed decrease in fuel consumption that is the centrepoint of the SkyActiv program) better fits in its zoom zoom marketing motif. Or it could just be that its coffers are already so stretched that investing billions in electric vehicle research in return for the EV's currently paltry profits seems foolhardy. Whatever the reason — and it well could be a combination of all three of the above — Mazda, more than most auto manufacturers, is committing to the internal-combustion engine, both compression and spark ignited (that's diesel and gasoline engines to anyone who has a life outside of cars). So what is SkyActiv other than Japanese wordplay on the famed "the sky is the limit" proverb?
Well, in simple terms, it is a committed refinement of traditional technologies. Mazda's automatic transmissions, for instance, see detailed, friction-reducing alterations. Weight, fuel economy's biggest enemy, is reduced everywhere. Engines are refined. Put it all together and Mazda claims an astounding 30% decrease in fuel consumption without one complicated (and expensive) electron driving the wheels.
The sexiest part of SkyActiv (and, truth be told, almost all gasoline- fuelled automobiles) is the engine. And though Mazda will soon be introducing a diesel version of SkyActiv to North America, it is the gasoline engine that's garnering the most headlines.
That's because the 2.0-litre version of the Mazda3's engine gets a 14:1 compression ratio, a number that's simply stratospheric for anything not on the starting line at the Indy. But it does need some qualifying. Europeans, willing to fork out bigger bucks for premium fuel, will get the full monty 14:1. We petulent Nord Americos, cheap as we are, will have to make do with the 13:1 deemed the maximum for our lower-octane regular-grade gasoline.
Actually, even that's not true, at least not currently. Because it's a mid-model engine change, Mazda couldn't fit the "bundle of snakes" exhaust header system that the full SkyActiv treatment requires. (Instead, current Mazda3s with the slightly watered-down version of SkyActiv "only" compress their fuel 12 times atmospheric pressure.
That's still a whole bunch more than most of its competition. And even that seemingly diminished number requires some judicious fiddling. Direct injection (the fuel is pumped directly into the combustion chamber rather than injected in the intake manifold) keeps the fuel cooler for reduced detonation (the perennial bugaboo of high compression). Actually, it's injected in two phases, the second squirt delayed until the last possible thousandth of a second so the fuel can stay as cool as possible. Mazda also futzes with the valve timing, extending the intake open period, again to make the engine more amenable to lower-octane fuel (more on that in a minute). The result, says Mazda, is more power (always a result of higher compression) and reduced fuel consumption (the more dramatic "expansion" of higher compression means more power can be taken from the same amount of fuel or, conversely, less fuel is required for the same amount of power).
It all works pretty much according to plan. The Mazda3's latest 2.0L four-banger is comparatively powerful (155 horsepower, an increase of seven hp) and reasonably frugal (7.6 litres per 100 kilometres on the highway and 5.1 L/100 km in the city, both figures more powerful than the non-SkyActiv 2.0L available in the base model). The engine, especially when mated to the six-speed manual transmission, feels both powerful and sophisticated, eager for revs and smooth even when revved hard. It is one of the better small four-cylinder engines available.
The one oddity is that it doesn't feel particularly torquey at low revs; two-litre four-bangers never do. But high compression usually increases low-speed power even more than at high rpm and the SkyActiv 2.0L doesn't feels particularly strong until you get its blood boiling. Perhaps it's the loss of the aforementioned more efficient exhaust system or that the also previously noted intake timing changes work better with the desired 13:1 (for North America) full-zoot SkyActiv treatment. Whatever the case, I expected more low-end torque than the Mazda3 delivered.
Nothing much else disappointed, though. The Mazda3, unlike most Asian econoboxes, truly is sporty with both suspension and steering feel European firm. The manual gearbox shifts slickly indeed and along a twisty road — such as California's famed Highway Numero 1 — it all comes together to remind you that Mazda is the one Japanese automaker that still builds its reputation on auto racing (more Mazdas are said to be racing in North America than any other brand, Asian or otherwise).
Being a five-door hatch means it's both roomy and versatile (handy since I had to pack all my gear for a later motorcycle trip). It's also quite comfy with firmer seats to complement its sporty demeanor. Overall, the Mazda3 distinguishes itself from the competition not only by its SkyActiv technology (which, of course, we can't fully evaluate until the full-zoot, no-compromises version arrives on these shores) but also by a distinctly sporty attitude. There's a reason the 3 represents more than 40% of Mazda's North American sales; SkyActiv should just add to that appeal.


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Shia LaBeouf & Karolyn Pho Split, Moves On with Mia Goth?
Shia LaBeouf and his girlfriend Karolyn Pho have split, according to Us Weekly.
The 26-year-old actor and his love of nearly two years split "a while ago" and he is rumored to have moved on with his Nymphomaniac co-star Mia Goth.
Shia and Mia were spotted taking a pre-Thanksgiving stroll together to grab a cup of coffee at Starbucks last week.
Karolyn was last photographed with Shia back in March while riding bikes in Los Angeles.
ARE YOU SURPRISED that Shia LaBeouf and Karolyn Pho have called it quits?


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Scare Prank: Latino Comedy Show Dresses Up A Little Girl From The Movie "Ring" To Scare People In A Hotel Lobby!
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Welcome to this world of rationality, truth and peace, where common sense and science lead to freethinking wisdom --- as you know as a long time atheist and freethinker like me.
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davies2790 on Family Tree Circles
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Smith or Lawrence, Mary transported 1814 Broxbournbury
Records from the Broxbournebury show that there were two 'Mary Smiths" and one Mary Lawrence. From records - birth and death certificates of her children, 'our Mary' went under the name of 'Smith" and 'Lawrence." she received 7 years transportation and married a George Davis in 1818. Just to confuse there was a Mary Davis on board the Broxbournebury.
One of the Mary Smiths received a life sentence and married James Chillon at Parramatta.
am trying to find out if our 'Mary' was the remaining 'Smith or a Lawrence'.
marriage certificate has her as 'Lawrence"
Can anyone help
Laurel Davies
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