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Comment: I had a chance to speak briefly with Cherkin at the NARCCIM meeting and shared with him my own favored means of receiving acupuncture, which could also shift outcomes: delivery in a group setting. Perhaps I should request that my Communi-Chi professional use toothpicks next time, just to see how that combination works.
Comment: A combination of factors, including institutional leadership, availability of practitioners, educators and researchers, and philanthropic support has made Minnesota one of the two or three most active states in the country for integrative practice. This issue is an opportunity fior those from other states to look into emerging possibilities.
Comment: This brief Tai Sophia story underscores a significant difference between educational institutions in the complementary and alternative fields (or "academic wellness institution," which Tai Sophia prefers) and conventional academic medical centers. Namely: there is basically no line here for government funding. I have repeatedly discovered that conventional medical educators in integrative medicine have little appreciation of the challenges of building quality institutions without governmental backing, and, frankly, with very little private foundation or philanthropic support yet available. Good luck to Ambrose in changing these trends.


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Homes Decorated in Less Than 6 Months
We all know that decorating a home takes plenty of time. When I ask someone if I can photograph their space for Apartment Therapy, their first response is usually something like, "Sounds great, Just give me a few months to clean up and redecorate". I thought it would be interesting to compile a few homes that were photographed after being lived in 6 months or less, but still look lovely and lived in…
My own apartment (Meg & Brad's Student Sanctuary) was featured only 3 months after we moved in. A lot has changed since then, but I'm still so proud of how quickly we made our new place a home. It's really fascinating to see how everyone decorates. Some quickly throw things together and others take the time to thoroughly think over every detail, but either way, it's all about the journey!
Shown above:
• Chelsea & Seans Eclectic Painted Home
• Patrick's Woodsy Chic Condo
• Jeremy's Endless Energy & Resourcefulness
• Lisa's Modern & Industrial Loft
• Douglas & Matthew's Modern Apartment
Images: as linked above

subset: commoncrawl


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Just-world hypothesis
The just-world hypothesis or just-world fallacy is the cognitive bias (or assumption) that a person's actions are inherently inclined to bring morally fair and fitting consequences to that person, to the end of all noble actions being eventually rewarded and all evil actions eventually punished. In other words, the just-world hypothesis is the tendency to attribute consequences to—or expect consequences as the result of—a universal force that restores moral balance. This belief generally implies that in the existence of cosmic justice, destiny, divine providence, desert, stability, or order, and has high potential to result in fallacy, especially when used to rationalize people's misfortune on the grounds that they "deserve" it.
The hypothesis popularly appears in the English language in various figures of speech that imply guaranteed negative reprisal, such as: "You got what was coming to you", "What goes around comes around", "chickens come home to roost", and "You reap what you sow". This hypothesis has been widely studied by social psychologists since Melvin J. Lerner conducted seminal work on the belief in a just world in the early 1960s.[1] Research has continued since then, examining the predictive capacity of the hypothesis in various situations and across cultures, and clarifying and expanding the theoretical understandings of just-world beliefs.[2]
- 1 Emergence
- 2 Early evidence
- 3 Theory
- 4 Alternatives
- 5 Additional evidence
- 6 Theoretical refinement
- 7 Correlates
- 8 Current research
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
Many philosophers and social theorists have observed and considered the phenomenon of belief in a just world. Lerner's work made the just-world hypothesis a focus of research in the field of social psychology.
Melvin Lerner
Lerner was prompted to study justice beliefs and the just-world hypothesis in the context of social psychological inquiry into negative social and societal interactions.[3] Lerner saw his work as extending Stanley Milgram's work on obedience. He sought to answer the questions of how regimes that cause cruelty and suffering maintain popular support, and how people come to accept social norms and laws that produce misery and suffering.[4]
Lerner's inquiry was influenced by repeatedly witnessing the tendency of observers to blame victims for their suffering. During his clinical training as a psychologist, he observed treatment of mentally ill persons by the health care practitioners with whom he worked. Though he knew them to be kindhearted, educated people, they often blamed patients for the patients' own suffering.[5] Lerner also describes his surprise at hearing his students derogate the poor, seemingly oblivious to the structural forces that contribute to poverty.[3] In a study on rewards, he observed that when one of two men was chosen at random to receive a reward for a task, that caused him to be more favorably evaluated by observers, even when the observers had been informed that the recipient of the reward was chosen at random.[6][7] Existing social psychological theories, including cognitive dissonance, could not fully explain these phenomena.[7] The desire to understand the processes that caused these phenomena led Lerner to conduct his first experiments on what is now called the just-world hypothesis.
Early evidence
In 1966, Lerner and his colleagues began a series of experiments that used shock paradigms to investigate observer responses to victimization. In the first of these experiments conducted at the University of Kansas, 72 female subjects were made to watch a confederate receiving electrical shocks under a variety of conditions. Initially, subjects were upset by observing the apparent suffering. But as the suffering continued and observers remained unable to intervene, the observers began to derogate the victim. Derogation was greater when the observed suffering was greater. But when subjects were told the victim would receive compensation for her suffering, subjects did not derogate the victim.[4] Lerner and colleagues replicated these findings in subsequent studies, as did other researchers.[6]
To explain these studies' findings, Lerner theorized that there was a prevalent belief in a just world. A just world is one in which actions and conditions have predictable, appropriate consequences. These actions and conditions are typically individuals' behaviors or attributes. The specific conditions that correspond to certain consequences are socially determined by a society's norms and ideologies. Lerner presents the belief in a just world as functional: it maintains the idea that one can influence the world in a predictable way. Belief in a just world functions as a sort of "contract" with the world regarding the consequences of behavior. This allows people to plan for the future and engage in effective, goal-driven behavior. Lerner summarized his findings and his theoretical work in his 1980 monograph The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion.[5]
Lerner hypothesized that the belief in a just world is crucially important for people to maintain for their own well-being. But people are confronted daily with evidence that the world is not just: people suffer without apparent cause. Lerner explained that people use strategies to eliminate threats to their belief in a just world. These strategies can be rational or irrational. Rational strategies include accepting the reality of injustice, trying to prevent injustice or provide restitution, and accepting one's own limitations. Non-rational strategies include denial, withdrawal, and reinterpretation of the event.[citation needed]
There are a few modes of reinterpretation that could make an event fit the belief in a just world. One can reinterpret the outcome, the cause, and/or the character of the victim. In the case of observing the injustice of the suffering of innocent people, one major way to rearrange the cognition of an event is to interpret the victim of suffering as deserving.[1] Specifically, observers can blame victims for their suffering on the basis of their behaviors and/or their characteristics.[6] Much psychological research on the belief in a just world has focused on these negative social phenomena of victim blaming and victim derogation in different contexts.[2]
An additional effect of this thinking is that individuals experience less personal vulnerability because they do not believe they have done anything to deserve or cause negative outcomes.[2] This is related to the self-serving bias observed by social psychologists.[8]
Many researchers have interpreted just-world beliefs as an example of causal attribution. In victim blaming, the causes of victimization are attributed to an individual rather than to a situation. Thus, the consequences of belief in a just world may be related to or explained in terms of particular patterns of causal attribution.[9]
Veridical judgment
Others have suggested alternative explanations for the derogation of victims. One suggestion is that derogation effects are based on accurate judgments of a victim's character. In particular, in relation to Lerner's first studies, some have hypothesized that it would be logical for observers to derogate an individual who would allow himself to be shocked without reason.[10] A subsequent study by Lerner challenged this alternative hypothesis by showing that individuals are only derogated when they actually suffer; individuals who agreed to undergo suffering but did not were viewed positively.[11]
Guilt reduction
Another alternative explanation offered for the derogation of victims early in the development of the just-world hypothesis was that observers derogate victims to reduce their own feelings of guilt. Observers may feel responsible, or guilty, for a victim's suffering if they themselves are involved in the situation or experiment. In order to reduce the guilt, they may devalue the victim.[12][13][14] Lerner and colleagues claim that there has not been adequate evidence to support this interpretation. They conducted one study that found derogation of victims occurred even by observers who were not implicated in the process of the experiment and thus had no reason to feel guilty.[6]
Discomfort reduction
Alternatively, victim derogation and other strategies may only be ways to alleviate discomfort after viewing suffering. This would mean that the primary motivation is not to restore a belief in a just world, but to reduce discomfort caused by empathizing. Studies have shown that victim derogation does not suppress subsequent helping activity and that empathizing with the victim plays a large role when assigning blame. According to Ervin Staub[15] devaluing the victim should lead to lesser compensation if restoring belief in a just world was the primary motive, instead there is virtually no difference in compensation amounts whether the compensation precedes or follows devaluation. Psychopathy has also been linked to the lack of just-world maintaining strategies, possibly due to dampened emotional reactions and lack of empathy.[16]
Additional evidence
After Lerner's first studies, other researchers replicated these findings in other settings in which individuals are victimized. This work, which began in the 1970s and continues today, has investigated how observers react to victims of random calamities like traffic accidents, as well as rape and domestic violence, illnesses, and poverty.[1] Generally, researchers have found that observers of the suffering of innocent victims tend to both derogate and blame victims for their suffering. Observers thus maintain their belief in a just world by changing their cognitions about the victims' character.[17]
In the early 1970s, social psychologists Zick Rubin and Letitia Anne Peplau developed a measure of belief in a just world.[18] This measure and its revised form published in 1975 allowed for the study of individual differences in just-world beliefs.[19] Much of the subsequent research on the just-world hypothesis used these measurement scales.
Researchers have looked at how observers react to victims of rape and other violence. In a formative experiment on rape and belief in a just world by Linda Carli and colleagues, researchers gave two groups of subjects a narrative about interactions between a man and a woman. The description of the interaction was the same until the end; one group received a narrative that had a neutral ending and the other group received a narrative that ended with the man raping the woman. Subjects judged the rape ending as inevitable and blamed the woman in the narrative for the rape on the basis of her behavior, but not her characteristics.[20] These findings have been replicated repeatedly, including using a rape ending and a 'happy ending' (a marriage proposal).[2][21]
Other researchers have found a similar phenomenon for judgments of battered partners. One study found that observers' labels of blame of female victims of relationship violence increase with the intimacy of the relationship. Observers blamed the perpetrator only in the most significant case of violence, in which a male struck an acquaintance.[22]
Researchers have employed the just-world hypothesis to understand bullying. Given other research on beliefs in a just world, it would be expected that observers would derogate and blame bullying victims, but the opposite has been found: individuals high in just-world belief have stronger anti-bullying attitudes.[23] Other researchers have found that strong belief in a just world is associated with lower levels of bullying behavior.[24] This finding is in keeping with Lerner's understanding of belief in a just world as functioning as a "contract" that governs behavior.[5] There is additional evidence that belief in a just world is protective of the well-being of children and adolescents in the school environment,[25] as has been shown for the general population.
Other researchers have found that observers judge sick people as responsible for their illnesses. One experiment showed that persons suffering from a variety of illnesses were derogated on a measure of attractiveness more than healthy individuals were. In comparison to healthy people, victim derogation was found for persons presenting with indigestion, pneumonia, and stomach cancer. Moreover, derogation was found to be higher for those suffering from severer illnesses, except for those presenting with cancer.[26] Stronger belief in a just world has also been found to correlate with greater derogation of AIDS victims.[27]
More recently, researchers have explored how people react to poverty through the lens of the just-world hypothesis. Strong belief in a just world is associated with blaming the poor, with weak belief in a just world associated with identifying external causes of poverty including world economic systems, war, and exploitation.[28][29]
The self as victim
Some research on belief in a just world has examined how people react when they themselves are victimized. An early paper by Dr. Ronnie Janoff-Bulman found that rape victims often blame their own behavior, but not their own characteristics, for their victimization.[30] It was hypothesized that this may be because blaming one's own behavior makes an event more controllable.
These studies on victims of violence, illness, and poverty and others like them have provided consistent support for the link between observers' just-world beliefs and their tendency to blame victims for their suffering.[1] As a result, the just-world hypothesis has become widely accepted.
Theoretical refinement
Subsequent work on measuring belief in a just world has focused on identifying multiple dimensions of the belief. This work has resulted in the development of new measures of just-world belief and additional research.[2] Hypothesized dimensions of just-world beliefs include belief in an unjust world,[31] beliefs in immanent justice and ultimate justice,[32] hope for justice, and belief in one's ability to reduce injustice.[33] Other work has focused on looking at the different domains in which the belief may function; individuals may have different just-world beliefs for the personal domain, the sociopolitical domain, the social domain, etc.[27] An especially fruitful distinction is between the belief in a just world for the self (personal) and the belief in a just world for others (general). These distinct beliefs are differentially associated with health.[34]
Researchers have used measures of belief in a just world to look at correlates of high and low levels of belief in a just world.
Limited studies have examined ideological correlates of the belief in a just world. These studies have found sociopolitical correlates of just-world beliefs, including right-wing authoritarianism and the protestant work ethic.[35][36] Studies have also found belief in a just world to be correlated with aspects of religiousness.[37][38]
Studies of demographic differences, including gender and racial differences, have not shown systematic differences, but do suggest racial differences, with Black and African Americans having the lowest levels of belief in a just world.[39][40]
The development of measures of just-world beliefs has also allowed researchers to assess cross-cultural differences in just-world beliefs. Much research conducted shows that beliefs in a just world are evident cross-culturally. One study tested beliefs in a just world of students in 12 countries. This study found that in countries where the majority of inhabitants are powerless, belief in a just world tends to be weaker than in other countries.[41] This supports the theory of the just-world hypothesis because the powerless have had more personal and societal experiences that provided evidence that the world is not just and predictable.[42][clarification needed]
Belief in unjust world has been linked to increased self-handicapping, criminality, defensive coping, anger and perceived future risk. It may also serve as ego-protective belief for certain individuals by justifying maladaptive behavior.[43][44][2]
Current research
Positive mental health effects
Though much of the initial work on belief in a just world focused on its negative social effects, other research suggests that belief in a just world is good, and even necessary, for mental health.[45] Belief in a just world is associated with greater life satisfaction and well-being and less depressive affect.[34][46] Researchers are actively exploring reasons that belief in a just world might have this relationship to mental health; it has been suggested that such beliefs could be a personal resource or coping strategy that buffers stress associated with daily life and with traumatic events.[47] This hypothesis suggests that belief in a just world can be understood as a positive illusion.[48]
Correlational studies also show that beliefs in a just world are correlated with internal locus of control.[19] Strong belief in a just world is associated with greater acceptance of and less dissatisfaction with negative events in one's life.[47] This may be one way in which belief in a just world affects mental health. Others have suggested that this relationship holds only for beliefs in a just world for oneself. Beliefs in a just world for others are related instead to the negative social phenomena of victim blaming and victim derogation observed in other studies.[49]
International research
More than 40 years after Lerner's seminal work on belief in a just world, researchers continue to study the phenomenon. Work continues primarily in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia.[7] Researchers in Germany have contributed disproportionately to recent research.[3] Their work resulted in a volume edited by Lerner and German researcher Leo Montada titled Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World.[50]
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lerner, M.J. & Montada, L. (1998). An Overview: Advances in Belief in a Just World Theory and Methods, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (1–7). Plenum Press: New York.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Furnham, A. (2003). Belief in a just world: research progress over the past decade. Personality and Individual Differences; 34: 795–817.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Montada, L. & Lerner, M.J. (1998). Preface, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (pp. vii–viii). Plenum Press: New York.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observer's reaction to the "innocent victim": Compassion or rejection? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(2), 203–210.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lerner (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. Plenum: New York.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030–1051
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Maes, J. (1998) Eight Stages in the Development of Research on the Construct of BJW?, in Leo Montada & M.J. Lerner (Eds.). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World (pp. 163–185). Plenum Press: New York.
- ↑ Linden, M. & Maercker, A. (2011) Embitterment: Societal, psychological, and clinical perspectives. Wien: Springer.
- ↑ Howard, J. (1984). Societal influences on attribution: Blaming some victims more than others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(3), 494–505.
- ↑ Godfrey, B. & Lowe, C. (1975). Devaluation of innocent victims: An attribution analysis within the just world paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 944–951.
- ↑ Lerner, M.J. (1970). The desire for justice and reactions to victims. In J. Macaulay & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior (pp. 205–229). New York: Academic Press.
- ↑ Davis, K. & Jones, E. (1960). Changes in interpersonal perception as a means of reducing cognitive dissonance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 402–410.
- ↑ Glass, D. (1964). Changes in liking as a means of reducing cognitive discrepancies between self-esteem and aggression. Journal of Personality, 1964, 32, 531–549.
- ↑ Cialdini, R. B., Kenrick, D. T., & Hoerig, J. H. (1976). Victim derogation in the Lerner paradigm: Just world or just justification? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(6), 719–724.
- ↑ Staub, Ervin (1978). Positive Social Behavior and Morality: Social and Personal Influences, Volume 1. Academic Press Inc. pp. 169–170. ISBN 0-12-663101-8. Retrieved 12 March 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Reichle, B., Schneider, A., & Montada, L. (1998). How do observers of victimization preserve their belief in a just world cognitively or actionally? In L. Montada & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimization and belief in a just world (pp. 55–86). New York: Plenum.
- ↑ Rubin, Z. & Peplau, A. (1973). Belief in a just world and reactions to another's lot: A study of participants in the national draft lottery. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 73–93.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Rubin, Z. & Peplau, L.A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65–89.
- ↑ Janoff-Bulman, R., Timko, C., & Carli, L. L. (1985). Cognitive biases in blaming the victim. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(2), 161–177.
- ↑ Carli, L. L. (1999). Cognitive Reconstruction, Hindsight, and Reactions to Victims and Perpetrators. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 966–979.
- ↑ Summers, G., & Feldman, N. S. (1984). Blaming the victim versus blaming the perpetrator:An attributional analysis of spouse abuse. Symposium A Quarterly Journal In Modern Foreign Literatures, 2(4), 339–347.
- ↑ Fox, C. L., Elder, T., Gater, J., & Johnson, E. (2010). The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying. The British journal of educational psychology, 80(Pt 2), 183–98.
- ↑ Correia, I., & Dalbert, C. (2008). School Bullying. European Psychologist, 13(4), 248254.
- ↑ Correia, I., Kamble, S. V., & Dalbert, C. (2009). Belief in a just world and well-being of bullies, victims and defenders: a study with Portuguese and Indian students. Anxiety, stress, and coping, 22(5), 497–508.
- ↑ Gruman, J. C., & Sloan, R. P. (1983). Disease as Justice: Perceptions of the Victims of Physical Illness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 4(1), 39–46.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1992). Sphere-specific just world beliefs and attitudes to AIDS. Human Relations, 45, 265–280.
- ↑ Harper, D. J., Wagstaff, G. F., Newton, J. T., & Harrison, K. R. (1990). Lay causal perceptions of third world poverty and the just world theory. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 18(2), 235–238. Scientific Journal Publishers.
- ↑ Harper, D. J., & Manasse, P. R. (1992). The Just World and the Third World: British explanations for poverty abroad. The Journal of social psychology, 6. Heldref Publications.
- ↑ Janoff-Bulman, R. (1979). Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: inquiries into depression and rape. Journal of personality and social psychology, 37(10), 1798–809.
- ↑ Dalbert, C., Lipkus, I. M., Sallay, H., & Goch, I. (2001). A just and unjust world: Structure and validity of different world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 561–577.
- ↑ Maes, J. (1998). Immanent justice and ultimate justice: two ways of believing in justice. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimization and belief in a just world (pp. 9–40). New York: Plenum Press.
- ↑ Mohiyeddini, C., & Montada, L. (1998). BJW and self-efficacy in coping with observed victimization. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world (pp. 43–53). New York: Plenum.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The Importance of Distinguishing the Belief in a Just World for Self Versus for Others: Implications for Psychological Well-Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(7), 666–677.
- ↑ Lambert, A. J., Burroughs, T., & Nguyen, T. (1999). Perceptions of risk and the buffering hypothesis: The role of just world beliefs and right wing authoritarianism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(6), 643–656.
- ↑ Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1989). Belief in a just world: review and critique of the individual difference literature. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 365–384.
- ↑ Begue, L. (2002). Beliefs in justice and faith in people: just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(3), 375–382.
- ↑ Kurst, J., Bjorck, J., & Tan, S. (2000). Causal attributions for uncontrollable negative events. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 19, 47–60.
- ↑ Calhoun, L., & Cann, A. (1994). Differences in assumptions about a just world: ethnicity and point of view. Journal of Social Psychology, 134, 765–770.
- ↑ Hunt, M. (2000). Status, religion, and the ''belief in a just world'': comparing African Americans, Latinos, and Whites. Social Science Quarterly, 81, 325–343.
- ↑ Furnham, A. (1993). Just world beliefs in twelve societies. Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 317–329.
- ↑ Furnham, A. (1992). Relationship knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS. Psychological Reports, 71, 1149–1150.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- ↑ Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Plenum.
- ↑ Ritter, C., Benson, D. E., & Snyder, C. (1990). Belief in a just world and depression. Sociological Perspective, 25, 235–252.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Hafer, C., & Olson, J. (1998). Individual differences in beliefs in a just world and responses to personal misfortune. In L. Montada, & M. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world (pp. 65–86). New York: Plenum.
- ↑ Taylor, S.E., & Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193–210.
- ↑ Sutton, R., & Douglas, K. (2005). Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 637–645.
- ↑ Montada, L. & Lerner, M. (Eds.) (1998) Responses to victimizations and belief in the just world. New York: Plenum.
Further reading
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Lerner, Melvin J. (1980). The Belief in a Just World A Fundamental Delusion. Perspectives in Social Psychology. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 978-0-306-40495-5.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Montada, Leo; Lerner, Melvin J. (1998). Responses to Victimization and Belief in a Just World. Critical Issues in Social Justice. ISBN 978-0-306-46030-2.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Reprinted (1977) in Reflections, XII(1), 1–26.[dead link]
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 47: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).[dead link]


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Openings of art exhibits were not in short supply last week, beginning Wednesday at The Hidden Lantern for the opening of Janet and Steve Thomas's photography exhibit. Richard and Anneke Heck and their dog, Mr. Darcy, Chris and Karen Phillips, Dave and Barb Sullivan, Leigh Moore, Mark and Cheryl Isham, Zuma Banks, Frank Greene, Lourdes Reynafarje, Robert and Malayne DeMars, and Robin Lowrey were some who attended.
Fire was the host site for the Chi Chi Miguel Sip & Shop luncheon to benefit Alaqua Animal Refuge on Friday.
That night was the opening reception for A+ Top of the Class exhibit at the South Walton campus of the Northwest Florida State College and saw the largest attendance of any exhibit to date. Present at the event were Joan Vienot, Robin Wiesneth, Betty Cork, Melody Bogle, Melissa Brown, Lauren Carvalho, Lori Drew, Beckie Perrott, Julie Terrell, Suzanne LeLoup-West, Donnelle Clark, Lori Drew, Carol Dickson, Beckie Perrott, Buz Livingston, Katherine Duda, Judy Dewar, Sharon Long, Michael and Sherri McCarty, Emily Ellis, Ann Welch, Donna Vann, Jennifer Steele, Susan Lucas, Joanne Jones, Didon Comer, Cheryl English, Cindy Graham, Joey McKenna, Susan Alfieri, Linda Sasse, Melanie Moore, Nancy Williams, Arlene Newsome, Kristina Perry, Mary Zahner, and Sue Carol Woodley.
John Morris poured some tasty, specially-imported boutique wines Friday outside Wine World at Grand Boulevard. The one that was the hands-down favorite of the women was the Bodegas Megallum Crianza, which tasted like cherry pie.
Jim and Emily Springer hosted a third birthday celebration for their son Lucas last Saturday at their Gulf Place home. Approximately 35 friends and family gathered and enjoyed the buffet, including grandmother Nancy Canning.
Publix at Grand Boulevard was a hopping place Sunday afternoon as dinnertime neared. I saw Mike and Angela Ragsdale, Lorene Gruzdis, and Dr. Cheng there.
Cody Copeland held his CD release signing at Seaside Rep Theater on Sunday night, which he termed a great success with a big, wonderful, captive audience. "I couldn't ask for a better night. I've poured so much into this album, the production, and the show, it felt like a graduation I've been looking forward to for years!" he said.
Locals turning out to attend Sara Comander's Town Hall meeting Monday night at the Coastal Branch Library included Charlotte Flynt, Sherry McCall, Anita Page, Billy Buzzett, Bonnie McQuiston, Frank Day, and Bob Hudson.
Local Chef Jennifer Bachman, a graduate of the Culinary Institute of America, prepared a gourmet birthday celebration feast for Ann Crutchfield at her Blue Mountain Beach home April 11. Lynne Watling and Penelope Risley are also April "birthday girls" and included in the festivities. Norm Crutchfield and Hollis Risley also attended.
Congratulations to James Murray and Rhonda Chaloupka on their nuptials aboard the Solaris last weekend.
Actress Reese Witherspoon was spotted in South Walton last week. She was seen in Seaside at their farmer's market, and she reportedly visited The Red Bar in Grayton Beach.
Chef Jim Shirley returned to the James Beard House in Pensacola on March 27 as part of the Viva 500 celebration.
Ron Hart was on CNN last Wednesday night.
The Easter Sunday services at Rosemary Beach got a mention in the Christian Post.
It's good to see Vicki McCain teaching again. Welcome back!
Keith and RoseAnn Knight welcomed their son, daughter-in-law, and grandchildren down for a visit from Atlanta this week.
Robin and Charles Wiesneth have hit the waters off Virginia, sailing again, this time to Annapolis. Bon voyage!
Kelly Buzzett went to the Rock N Bowl in New Orleans.
Peggy Sue Mullen visited China.
Get well wishes go out to Billy McConnell.
Sympathy is expressed to H.C. Ford in the passing of Paula.
Wish a "happy birthday" today to Joan Vienot, and golfer Tony Chandler.
Tuesday to Carol Wenrick, and Sue Parsonnet.
Wednesday to Pam Holloway and Cowgirl Kitchen's Nikki Nickerson.
Thursday to Tresha Brown, and Fire's Mario McNally.
Deborah Wheeler is the arts and entertainment reporter for The Walton Sun. She may be reached at 654-8443 or email email@example.com. Her Party Line column appears weekly in The Sun.


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Now that we actually have this forum, a few things:
1. I saw a suggestion for this in another thread by hot_ice: tests to see who can crack the code. For a first try, I'll do something simple:
pkeg lqd etcemkpi vjku eqfg. rquv vjku yjgp aqw hkpkuj.
2. What do you think is the best operation in a cryptographic algorithm? Not necessarily a secure one, just the one that is the most useful/effective/hard-to-reverse.
3. Just as a question, not a proposition for rules or guidlines, but what do you think are some good ideas for doing in this forum (i.e. posting interesting applicable math, cryptanalysis tests (see 1), individually and unique algorithms for the rest of us to play around with, etc.)
4. Thank you JP for finally putting this in!
TIA for all replies


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
by Susan Mikula Campbell
A last minute move on Tuesday saved Town of Niagara taxpayers some money, but caused some dissention on the Town Board.
As the resolution to approve the 2013 budget came up for a vote, Councilman Danny Sklarski proposed cutting the building inspector position in half, saving $28,752, and eliminating the assistant building inspector position, saving $36,350.
"We have to be prepared to make difficult decisions for the benefit of our town," said Sklarski. "Wheatfield and the Town of Lewiston have one building inspector; we have two."
The amended budget passed 3-2, with councilmen Robert Clark and Marc Carpenter voting nay.
The loudest objections came from Clark, who had to be gaveled down by Supervisor Steve Richards.
"These are things we could have discussed over the course of the budget process," Clark said, insisting that a final vote on the budget be delayed until the Nov. 20 state deadline. He argued that other areas should be cut before eliminating someone's job. "I'm very disappointed. It seems like the entire budget process was a waste of time."
Sklarski and Richards countered that with the town's population declining and the county basing sales tax distribution on population, not where the sales tax is raised, town government has to be "right-sized" or taxpayers would be facing major increases and a town tax. Currently, the town does not have a town tax. Tax rates are based on special district and highway taxes.
The approved 2013 budget is $7,126,944.24. A total of $110,562 was cut from the originally proposed budget by combining Sklarski's amendment and items already cut during board budget workshops.
The 2012 tax rates in the town are $4.98 per $1,000 assessed value for homestead and $8.76 per $1,000 for non-homestead. Without the changes, homestead rate would have gone up to $5.15 per $1,000 and non-homestead, $9.04 per $1,000, according to Richards.
The approved budget will mean that the rate should be down to $4.71 per $1,000 homestead and $8.47 per $1,000 non-homestead, Richards said.
In other matters:
•The board approved an increase in water/sewer rates for 2013. The rate for the lowest users (up to 10,000 gallons) remains the same. The rate for larger users increases 5 cents per 1,000 gallons, Richards said.
•The board approved rezoning to allow the former Gold Circle store on Military Road to be used as a warehouse.
Eric Recoon, vice president for development and leasing for owner Benderson Development, assured the board that a truck dock is being built and there would be some truck traffic but not through the front of the plaza.
•The board approved the appointments of Melissa Cerrillo as deputy town clerk and deputy tax collector; James Hagerman as deputy highway superintendent; and Guido Virtuoso as a member of the Assessment Review Board.
•The board decided to hold one work session next month at 7 p.m. Dec. 6 and the regular Town Board meeting at 7 p.m. Dec. 11.
•Public hearings were set for 7 p.m. Dec 11 for rezoning of 7901 Porter Road and 9695 Porter Road from B-1 business to R-1 single family residential.


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gCDEmu provides a graphic interface that allows performing the key tasks
related to controlling the CDEmu daemon, such as loading and unloading
devices, displaying devices' status and retrieving/setting devices'
debug masks.
In addition, the applet listens to signals emitted by CDEmu daemon and
provides notifications via libnotify.
This requires GConf, gnome-python and cdemu-daemon.
Maintained by: Niels Horn
Keywords: cdemu
ChangeLog: gcdemu
Download SlackBuild:
gcdemu.tar.gz.asc (FAQ)
(the SlackBuild does not include the source)
|Individual Files:
| doinst.sh
| gcdemu.SlackBuild
| gcdemu.info
| slack-desc
© 2006-2018 SlackBuilds.org Project. All rights reserved.
Slackware® is a registered trademark of Patrick Volkerding
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
Web Design by WebSight Designs | Managed Hosting by OnyxLight Communications


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Assassin's Creed 4: Black Flag is a next-gen game and will also contain support for next-gen console features. Ubisoft has revealed some information on the difference between current gen and next-gen versions of the game.
If next gen assassins creed looks good as that trailer does in "Real Time" then that be awesome but i bet it won't. I think showing CG in video games is wrong, immoral and should be banned.
"In addition to improved graphics and physic, Next Gen versions will bring to the players new connected features allowing them to feel that even if they remain "Single Player" it will be better to be a "Single Connected Player".
"...PS4 controller specific features"
So we are looking at an enchanced port for next gen
Ubisoft is milking Assassin's Creed for good eh, it's almost like Call of Duty already.
It's obvious that it will be like an hd quality(ps4) instead of normal tvs(ps3) but nothing better in the gameplay that shows the power of the console. It won't be different in content like if battlefield 4 released in current and next generations it will be different. The multiplayer will have bigger maps, more players, better performance..etc
if the games are the same price then the difference will be minimal. meaning all versions 59.99


text:
If you would like to buy . Please fee consider also the price including shipping fee for the good deals or choose product with free shipping service. If you're looking for at low prices, We recommend a great online store that might be what you would like. Very comfortable for you. We recommend you to click to view the price and read more information of before to buy it.
How to Deal with Shopping!
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I have purchased several of these cheap credenza desk to give to friends and family. it looks more expensive than it is. I always point it out and it makes the gift recipient feel very special. It is nice! When they go on sale, this is a good gift to stock up on, everyone loves this gift!
Exactly how I pictured it! Love how simple, yet classy it is! Great price for the quality of the cheap credenza desk. I recommend this product to anybody who wants quality and perfection. color and style is just perfect.
Love this cheap credenza desk! The is nice looking. This looks much more expensive than it is. I got this as a gift for my girlfriend and she absolutely loves it and I'm very happy to see her happy. highly recommend!
$127.99 $188.99 $171.99 $129.99


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1st Luso-Brazilian Conference on Open Access- 08/11/2010
On the 25-26 November 2010, the 1st Luso-Brazilian Conference on Open Access, jointly organized by the Documentation Services of the University of Minho, the Foundation for National Scientific Computing (FCCN) and the Brazilian Institute of Information on Science and Technology (IBICT).
This conference takes place following the Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Ministers of Science and Technology of Portugal and Brazil in October 2009 (see Signing of Protocols on Cooperation in Science, Technology and Information Society between Portugal and Brazil), and giving continuation to the Conferences on Free Access to Knowledge, organized by the University of Minho in 2005, 2006, 2008 (see 3rd Conference on Free Access to Knowledge) and 2009 (see 4th Conference on Free Access to Knowledge), the last two under the project Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP) of the initiative and with funding of the Knowledge Society Agency (UMIC), and co-funded by EU funds of the Knowledge Society Operational Programme (see Open Access Repositories).
The Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Ministers of Science and Technology of Portugal and Brazil predicted, among other things, the joint promotion of scientific of the enlargement of open/free access scientific repositories in both countries through the integration of such repositories in both countries, the joint development of an integrated system of metadata and search of the repositories in both countries, the establishment of Luso-Brazilian directories of open access scientific journals and institutional repositories, and the realization of a joint annual international meeting on open access scientific repositories, whose first concretization is precisely the conference that will now take place.
On the eve of this international meeting the integration of metadata and search system of the repositories RCAAP of Portugal and OASIS.br of Brazil was accomplished, as well as the availability of the beginning of the Luso-Brazilian Directory of Open Access Scientific Journals and Repositories (site in Portuguese). About just a year after the Memorandum of Understanding was signed by the ministers of Portugal and Brazil, the main objectives of integrating scientific open access repositories and journals directories were accomplished, giving a new dimension to these instruments in both countries.
The 1st Luso-Brazilian Conference on Open Access (text in Portuguese) aims to bring together the Portuguese and Brazilian communities involved in research, development, management services and definition of policies related to open access to knowledge, through free access repositories and journals. The conference themes include: repositories of scientific publications, open access scientific journals, repositories of scientific data, policies and mandates on open access, interoperability between repositories and other information systems to support scientific and academic activities, the impact of open access on activities and scientific communities.
The issue of open access to scientific information has received significant attention in Portugal, even on television. Actually, it was on the 27th of October of 2010 one of the central themes of the first edition of the programme "With Science" of RTP2 Radio Television Portugal 2 (see Open Access Scientific Repositories in the Program "With Science" of RTP2 (text and video in Portuguese)) and it was also the theme of the program "4 X Science" of RTPN Portuguese Radio Television News, of January 7, 2010 (see Open Access Scientific Repositories in the 4 X Science of RTPN (text and video in Portuguese)). From 18 to 24 of October 2010 several actions were held under the worldwide initiative "Open Access Week 2010" (text in Portuguese). Also recently, the Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP) was present at a Conference held in Beijing, China, on 25-27 of October, 2010, by Eloy Rodrigues, director of the Documentation Services of University of Minho (see RCAAP Present at Open Access Conference in Beijing).
The Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP), developed on the initiative of UMIC in 2008 through a project implemented in 2008 by the FCCN in collaboration with the University of Minho, is a computer platform for open access scientific information whose continuous operation is provided by FCCN.
This repository is available since December 2008 for open and free access of anybody with Internet access, and for use at any of the scientific and Higher Education institutions, including the housing of any repository of scientific and academic information, with corporate identity individualization of the specific institution and decentralized management of content by these institutions themselves as it would be the case of a system installed on their own computer services, but without direct costs to these institutions taking benefit of the installed capacity at the FCCN, which is the Portuguese NREN National Research and Education Network.
The RCAAP allowed to integrate into a coherent system of metadata the previously existing open access scientific repositories, ensuring a single integrated entry point to the open access scientific repositories of all research and Higher Education institutions in Portugal. Portuguese researchers had thus available an open access repository of national scope to make openly available the results of scientific activities.
The computer platform that supports the repository was developed in the DSpace open source software created by the MIT for precisely this type of repositories and is now widely used in various places in the world, particularly in the MIT OpencourseWare.
With the creation and the development of RCAAP Portugal assumed a position in the European Union leading countries in the international movement for the provision and expansion of open access scientific repositories that has been playing an increasing role as a new instrument for the wide open access to results of scientific research in the Knowledge Society.
In fact, RCAAP, launched just two years ago at the 3rd Conference on Free Access to Knowledge, had a dazzling development, as it currently has 29 institutional repositories, covering all the public universities, some private universities, polytechnics, state laboratories and research institutions, and including more than 48,000 documents, when at the beginning of 2008 Portugal had only three institutional repositories with 7,300 documents. That is, in less than three years the number of institutional repositories increased tenfold, the number of documents increased sevenfold and the coverage of all national public university system was assured.
The implementation of this repository at FCCN is particularly appropriate as, besides the obvious cost savings and national scope, it is in this way guaranteed high connectivity due to FCCN being the Portuguese NREN which provides connectivity to all national scientific and higher education system and its international connectivity to the European research and education network GEANT, and having robust conditions that allow continuous service and better used of the installed capacity at FCCN.
The launching of RCAAP has strengthened the coherence of other e-Science services created on the initiative and with funding of UMIC that are made available by the FCCN, as are the b-on Knowledge Library Online, the central infrastructure of the e-U Virtual Campus, the high definition videoconferencing service for the scientific and higher education system, the Zappiens.pt Repository of High Definition Video with Creative Commons and Digital Rights Management (text in Portuguese), the VoIP Voice over IP system for all the public higher education system, the infrastructure of the INGRID National Grid Initiative.
In this way, the advanced services over broadband that have been developed and made available in recent years by the FCCN to implement UMIC nationwide initiatives having in view the strengthening and cohesion of the whole scientific and higher education system. As a result of these initiatives, the Research and Education Network provided by FCCN affirms itself as the 1st Next Generation Network in Portugal, with an extensive infrastructure of its own in the dark fiber operated at up to 10 Gbit/s which covers close to 62% of the Portuguese public university system (institution size measured by the number of students enrolled), which in July of 2008 started to be also linked at 10 Gbit/s to the European network GEANT and in 2009 at 20 Gbit/s delivering a more than 16-fold increase of international bandwidth connectivity since mid-2005, and including a diverse range of powerful advanced services with high-impact on the community it serves, as should happen with any Next Generation Network, features that together make it one of the most developed networks of research and education on a national scale throughout the world.
The advantages of the availability and promotion of open access repositories of scientific information and data have been widely recognized. The OECD stressd them in the OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding published in 2007, the prestigious British organization funder of research projects in the health sciences Welcome Trust has mandated from October 2006 the provision of open access to the results of collaborative R&D funding by them, and the same policy was adopted by the Research Councils of Economics and Social sciences, Medical Sciences, and Environmental Science of the United Kingdom, and also by the NIH National Institutes of Health of USA. A growing number of North American universities have also adopted policies on open access to scientific and scholarly content, including MIT, under the MIT OpencourseWare, and Harvard University.
It is also worth mentioning initiatives within the European Union. The European Council on Competitiveness, Research, chaired by the Portuguese Minister for Science, Technology and Higher Education, Jose Mariano Gago, unanimously approved in November 2007 the draft conclusions Scientific Information in the Digital Age prepared at the initiative of the Portuguese Presidency of the EU with strong involvement of the Knowledge Society Agency (UMIC), the European Research Council (ERC) decided in December 2007 that all publications resulting from projects it funds would be deposited in open access repositories (ERC Scientific Council Guidelines for Open Access), the European Universities Association (EUA) approved in March 2008 the recommendations of the Recommendations from the EUA Working Group on Open Access adopted by the EUA Council on the implementation of institutional open access repositories of scientific information produced by European universities.
In Portugal, the University of Minho was a pioneer in the movement of Open Access Scientific Repositories and established in 2003 the RepositóriUM. In 2007, repositories of this type became available at the University of Porto, ISCTE, University of Évora and Lisbon University. In November 2006, the Council of Rectors of the Portuguese Universities signed the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities. In 2010, several Portuguese approved or strengthened mandates requiring the deposit in open access repositories of the scientific production of their researchers and professors, notably University of Minho, University of Coimbra, Polythenic Institute of Bragança and Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco. Lisbon University is well advanced in also adopting a strong mandate on open access.


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This joint venture is tremendous for CIT University and our parent company Oxford City Football Club, Inc. (OTCQB:OXFC) for it shows that we are a world leader in education, testing, and developing proprietary technology.
Washington, DC (PRWEB) July 11, 2014
CIT University A Division of Oxford City Football Club, Inc. (OTCQB:OXFC) is a global leader in education, research, and testing. CIT University and Z-Square Technology, LLC. today announced that they have entered into an international joint venture to provide world class educational testing and proprietary technology globally to government agencies.
Z-Square Technology's CEO & President Syed Gilani stated, "Z-Square Technology's joint venture with CIT University is part of our efforts to expand the outreach of our knowledge based products and solutions across the world. This venture will bring significant value to both companies and shows our commitment for introducing cutting-edge smart and safe cities technologies".
The CEO of Oxford City Thomas Anthony Guerriero stated, "This joint venture is tremendous for CIT University and our parent company Oxford City Football Club, Inc. (OTCQB:OXFC) for it shows that we are a world leader in education, testing, and developing proprietary technology."
About CIT University
CIT University A Division of Oxford City Football Club, Inc. (OTCQB:OXFC) is a global leader in education, research, and testing. CIT University is a university that provides men and women the opportunity to earn their master's degree in sports management and practically apply their knowledge and ideas in professional sports. CIT is a division of parent company Oxford City Football Club, Inc (OTCQB:OXFC). Our degree programs give students the opportunity to challenge both their minds and their passions for sports, while preparing them for a fast-paced and rewarding career.
CIT University's proprietary technology and curriculum are designed by Ivy League scholars and developers providing a state of the art educational platform and is unique to any ever seen. CIT University has officially secured their brick and mortar campus in South Florida in the city of Lakeworth. CIT is expecting 10,000 students to enroll in their degree programs, which go live in September 2014 at $9,900 per student, which is one of the most affordable degrees in the world.
About Oxford City FC (OXFC)
Oxford City is a diversified holding company, which controls five portfolios.
The First Portfolio (OXFC Sports Portfolio)
The OXFC Sports Portfolio have a controlling interest is the largest publicly traded diversified portfolio of professional sports teams in the world. Oxford City's portfolio contains a 132-year-old professional football club Oxford City FC, which plays in the Conference North Division of the English Football Association. They also own Oxford City Nomads, which plays in the Hellenic League Premier Division of the English Football Association. Oxford City owns Oxford City Futsal, which plays at the highest level of Futsal in England and has one of the best teams in the UK. The company has also acquired Oxford City Basketball, which plays their games in the EBL, English Basketball League. Most recently, Oxford City acquired two professional indoor soccer teams within the U.S., expanding the company's reach to Sioux Falls, South Dakota and South Florida. Becoming part of the MASL will leverage the Oxford City sports portfolio to maximize its sponsorship and advertising opportunities to a global level.
The Second Portfolio (OXFC Academic Portfolio)
The OXFC Academic Portfolio owns a diversified portfolio of academic institutions. OXFC owns Oxford City Sports College in Oxford and CIT University in the United States, which expects to have its first brick and mortar campus in the United States in South Florida in the near future to strategically put the University in a tremendous position for the future. CIT University's curriculum is designed by Ivy League scholars and developers providing a state of the art educational platform and is unique to any ever seen.
The Third Portfolio (OXFC Media & Entertainment Portfolio)
The OXFC Media & Entertainment Portfolio owns a diversified portfolio of media & entertainment companies. OXFC owns Oxford City Broadcasting Network (http://www.oxfordcitybroadcasting.com), which is broadcasted on 740AM in Florida that reaches from Miami, Florida to Jupiter, Florida. OXFC has acquired 1882.tv, which will become the global television platform for the company and their interests. Oxford City's 24 hour television programming which will broadcasted around the world will feature the live radio show "The Oxford City Financial Report", cover all of Oxford City's professional sports teams, and provide continuous programming.
The Fourth Portfolio (OXFC Real Estate & Property Management Portfolio)
The OXFC Real Estate & Property Management Portfolio controls a diversified portfolio of real estate including Oxford City Stadium, Oxford City Indoor Arena, and the Oxford City 3G Training Facility. OXFC benefits from these facilities both in usage and in rental income.
The Fifth Portfolio (OXFC Mergers & Acquisitions Portfolio)
The Mergers and Acquisitions Portfolio consists of the most experienced value specialists who implement proprietary methodology to identify and acquire equity positions in private and public companies with unlimited growth potential to bring tremendous synergies and value to Oxford City.
About Z-Square Technology
Z-Square Technology is a leading security technology management systems provider. Enabling organizations to better develop their electronic products and integrate different hardware and software in a faster and more cost-effective manner. Z-Square Technology provides complete consultancy, software and hardware development through already tested processes and hardware integration, while at the same time offering customized solution development support for unique performance in a competitive market.
Safe Harbor
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and section 21B of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Readers are cautioned not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and only speak as of the date hereof. Forward-looking statements usually contain the words "estimate," "anticipate," "believe," "plan," "expect," or similar expressions and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Investors are encouraged to carefully review regulatory filings prior to investment consideration. Past performance is no guarantee of future success or that there cannot be losses or business interruption. The Company is in a rapid growth sector that may or may not continue to grow in the future and therefore poses risks that may be different than other investments. Management regularly provides news and additional information believed to be true and accurate at the time of dissemination but has no requirement to modify, comment or change in the future should circumstance change or information prove to be inaccurate for any reason. Additionally, the Company makes every effort to comply with all applicable laws. The definitive agreement associated with this acquisition has not been signed and is subject to a shareholder vote.


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Oops! The content you were looking for has either been removed or moved to another page. Please use the links above to find what you need.
By entering this site you are certifying that you are at least 18 years old, and that you are not offended by sex toys.


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OKLAHOMA CITY, Okla. – King University brought 11 women's wrestlers to compete in the University Nationals. Sarah Hildebrandt finished first in the 121-pound weight class while teammate Alli Ragan finished first in the 130-pound weight class.
Hildebrandt went undefeated in six matches at the event, including a 1-0, 1-0 win over teammate Samantha Klingel in the semifinals. She then defeated Breiana Delgado of Oklahoma City University 0-1, 5-0, 2-0 in the finals to take home the championship. Ragan defeated Tiffany Sluik of Jamestown College 3-0, 1-0 to take first place at the 130-pound weight class. With the wins, Hildebrandt and Ragan both secured spots on the University world team that will represent the United States in Russia.
Julia Salata finished second in the University division at the 158.5-pound weight class. She fell to Brittany Roberts of Oklahoma City 7-0, 2-0. However, in the Pan Am Wrestle Offs, she defeated Brittany David to win the 67 kg weight class. With the win in the Pan Am Wrestle Offs, Salata earned a spot on the Senior Pan Am team which will compete in Panama.
Kayla Brendlinger only dropped one match at the event, falling to Delgado 1-0, 2-0 in the semifinals. She then rebounded to defeat teammate Klingel on a fall, 1-0, 0-3, 1:33 to finish in third place. Klingel finished fourth, with her only two losses coming to Hildebrandt and Bredlinger.
At the 138.5-pound weight class, Amanda Henley placed third after defeating Lindenwood's Monica Ramirez 0-1, 3-0, 1-0.
Shannon Constantine finished fourth in the 105.5-pound weight class, with two of her three losses coming to Victoria Anthony of Sunkist Kids. She dropped the third place match 4-2, 7-0 to Emily Webster of Oklahoma City.
Lori Ramos placed fifth at the 158.5-pound weight class, and Kerri Bumpers finished fourth in the 169.75-pound weight class.
Salata and Hildebrandt will compete at the Senior Pan Ams April 3-7.


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Heineken Cup fans, think you can do better than the pundits? Now is your chance to prove it!
Just pick a Pool winner in this year's Heineken Cup Competition and you could win a Limited Edition Lineout Coach T-Shirt featuring yours truly!
To win:
Pick a team you think is going to win their pool.
You can enter as many as six times but each entry must be for one team per pool only.
To enter:
Go to: Twitter or Facebook and send me the following
"@lineoutcoach + #HCRugbyComp + @ or # for the club you think will win and why"
At the end of the group stages in January I will pick a winner for each Pool (six in all) from those who picked the winning team and each will recieve a Lineout Coach T shirt. Simple.
So pick your Heineken Cup team(s) and get Tweeting or posting!
Heineken Cup Pool 1 – #Castres, @munsterrugby, @SaintsRugby, @scarlets_rugby
Heineken Cup Pool 2 – @cardiff_blues, @EdinburghRugby, @LiRFC, @RacingMetro92
Heineken Cup Pool 3 – @bathrugby, @GlasgowWarriors, @leinsterrubgy, @MHR_officiel
Heineken Cup Pool 4 – @aironi_rugby, #Auvergne, @LeicesterTigers, @UlsterRugby
Heineken Cup Pool 5 – #BenettonTreviso, #Biarritz, @ospreys, @Saracens
Heineken Cup Pool 6 – @connachtrugby, @gloucesterrugby, @QuinsRugbyUnion, #Toulouse
The Heineken Cup – enjoy!
Gavin Hickie, The LineoutCoach, is a former Ireland, Leinster and Leciester rugby player now based in California and taking rugby to the USA. He writes for RugbyMag.com and other publications when not coaching for Belmont Shore and blogging on lineoutcoach.com


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|You are replying to: Tradition Grill getting old
Topic Title: Tradition Grill getting old
Created on February 28, 2013 at 12:31 AM
Paul H
My tradition grill is well over 18 years of age and wondering if it is time to put the ole girl out to pasture as I am sure parts are hard to come by. Is there anywhere i can get parts for my old tradition cause she still works but needs alitte encouragement.
@ Paul
Have you looked at your model on the "Parts" page on this web-site? I beleive most everything is replaceable except the bottom & top shell.


text:
STANFORD, Calif., Dec. 1 (UPI) -- Jordan Williamson's 36-yard field goal midway through the fourth quarter Friday brought No. 9 Stanford the Pac-12 championship in a 27-24 win over UCLA.
Stanford earned a trip to the Rose Bowl by twice coming from behind to defeat the Bruins for the second time in as many weeks. The Cardinal downed UCLA 35-17 to close out the regular season and they wound up meeting again in the league's title contest.
UCLA twice had the momentum and appeared set for what would have been a huge upset, but Stanford came back both times to earn the New Year's Day appearance in Pasadena, Calif.
The Bruins' last hope to extend the game died when freshman Ka'imi Fairbairn missed a 51-yard field goal attempt in the final seconds.
UCLA owned a 14-7 lead in the second quarter and was moving again when Stanford's Ed Reynolds intercepted a pass thrown by Brett Hundley and ran it back 80 yards to the Bruins' 1-yard line.
Stepfan Taylor scored from there to tie the game and Jordan Williamson kicked a 37-yard field goal on the final play of the second quarter to give Stanford a 17-14 halftime lead.
UCLA came back, however, with a 10-point third quarter and regained the lead when Jonathan Franklin ran 20 yards for a score with 64 seconds to go in the period.
Stanford then drove 63 yards in 10 plays and tied it again on a 26-yard throw from Kevin Hogan to Drew Terrell. Williamson's winning field goal came 5 minutes later.
Hogan completed 16-of-22 passes for 153 yards without an interception to lead Stanford, which will take an 11-2 record into the Rose Bowl against either Nebraska or Wisconsin.
Hundley threw for 179 yards without a touchdown and Franklin gained 201 yards on 18 carries with two scores. UCLA fell to 9-4.


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I just won a "chaos cup" tournament, with my dark elf team, where the winning team gets a mutation skill on whoever was their MVP for the match.
The recipient is my fairly highly skilled Witch Elf.
She currently has:
block, side step, tackle, pro
What do you think would be the best one off mutation for this character?
Mutated Witch Elf
Your rosters, your strategies, advice, etc.
4 posts • Page 1 of 1
- Posts: 8
- Joined: 09 October 2011, 02:17
- Proxi Winther Rex
- Posts: 500
- Joined: 18 August 2011, 15:45
- Location: 30 Inches from the screen
Re: Mutated Witch Elf
Claw for attack or Foul Appearance for defense
Re: Mutated Witch Elf
- Claw;
- Two Heads, great with AG 4 and Dodge;
- Horns for ST 4 Frenzy Blitzing (she can surf ST 3 players without assists).
- Two Heads, great with AG 4 and Dodge;
- Horns for ST 4 Frenzy Blitzing (she can surf ST 3 players without assists).
- Posts: 264
- Joined: 18 August 2011, 09:40
Re: Mutated Witch Elf
Horns or Big Hand. Either makes her really, really annoying
Formerly on the boards as "NinjaGammaMan".
4 posts • Page 1 of 1
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Robin Thicke Rings In New Year With Belvedere, Top Spot Of UK Charts
Robin Thicke capped off an impressive year in 2013 with his smash hit "Blurred Lines" grabbing the top spot of the UK Music Singles Sales chart. The Pharrell-produced track featuring T.I., won the singer Grammy nods, multiple awards and broke records on the airwaves,
To commemorate Thicke's success, he took his talents to Miami to perform at the Belvedere Vodka's Silver Saber New Year's Eve party at the SLS Hotel South Beach, along with fellow musician Skylar Grey who sang a rendition of Lana Del Rey's "Young and Beautiful" for the Great Gatsby-themed party.
Check out flicks above.
Photos By: Gustavo Caballero/Getty Images for Belvedere


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NateD26 wrote:Only thing I don't understand is why was the participle negated with μή?
Imber Ranae wrote:I think οὐδ᾽ and μὴ...δὲ (= μηδέ) are correlative conjunctions.
modus.irrealis wrote:How would you understand the sentence? (It's just that I'm not clear on what you mean here.)
I took the οὐδ' ... ἑνί as being the emphatic form of οὐδείς.


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A state appeals court has upheld the conviction of Paul T. Imes, who was charged with sexually assaulting a SUNY Buffalo State student nearly five years ago.
The Appellate Division of State Supreme Court rejected Imes' contention that he had consensual sex with the student.
Imes, now 27, is an inmate at the Coxsackie Correctional Facility serving a 12-year prison sentence.
During the State Supreme Court bench trial in 2010, the woman said she accepted a ride from Imes on the night of Oct. 13, 2008, while walking in the Kensington-Bailey neighborhood. The two stopped at a store, and afterward she refused his request to have sex, she said. He drove her to a warehouse on Perry Street and raped her, she said.
As Imes drove from the warehouse around midnight, the student was able to flag down a passing police patrol car, and that began a 15-mile chase along the Niagara Thruway and then onto East Delavan Avenue. The chase ended when he crashed into a patrol car.
The five-judge panel in Rochester said the weight of the credible evidence supports the verdict and that the sentence was not unduly harsh.


text: A graduate of St. Lawrence University, Louise fell in love with the community and decided to stay. Working first as full-time Sustainability Coordinator and now splitting her time between campus operations and academics with the additional role of Assistant Director of the Sustainability Semester. Louise and her husband Josh homestead on 15 acres of land in South Canton where they built a 'tiny house'. An avid bicycle commuter, bird song identifier, scrounger, food preservationist and whole foods cook, Louise is also learning the joys of fermentation, seed saving and a simpler life.


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Part of our new "Beach Love" collection, this beautiful and inspirational design features a distressed beachy background and the saying "May You Always Have a Shell in Your Pocket and Sand Between Your Toes" in two fun fonts! It measures 12" x 12" and comes in nine beach inspired colors! Aqua, Key Lime, Hibiscus, Sky, Mint Sorbet, Sea, Sunrise, Sunset, and Margarita. See the rest of the "Beach Love" collection Here All our canvas art prints are hand wrapped 1.5" deep frames, are protected from harmful UV rays for long lasting beauty and come ready to hang. Great gift idea too! We're happy to include a gift note if you prefer we ship directly to recipient! Just mention it in the notes to seller section of checkout :) copyright Leen the Graphics Queen All rights reserved
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|Home Software category Just in softwares Submit a program Contact us
Home > Education::Other > Streetwise Spanish 126.96.36.199
Streetwise Spanish 18.104.22.168
Streetwise Spanish: How To Speak Spanish With An Authentic Flair - Free BookCompany: Peter Christian
Platform: Win 3.1x,Win95,Win98,WinME,WinNT 3.x,WinNT 4.x,WinXP,Windows2000,Windows2003,Win
Size: 152 KB
Price: USD $0.00
Release Date: 2010-04-12
Screenshot URL: http://www.streetwisespanish.com/images/howtospeakspanish.jpg
Category: Education::Other
Streetwise Spanish: How To Speak Spanish With An Authentic Flair is an informal, fun way to begin building a vibrant streetwise Spanish vocabulary and it will help you learn to speak Spanish with an authentic, polished edge. This is the day-to-day Spanish you won?t find in most Spanish courses presented in an easy-to-read style and it will win you lots of respect and admiration from native Spanish speakers when speaking Spanish with them!
Related keywords:
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Server+(SKO-004)Practice Tests 184.108.40.206 - SimulationExams.com recently released updated exam simulator for SERVER+
Pitch Ability Test 1.0 - Test your Pitch Ability: Measure pitch take over and pitch retention.
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FCorp - Acronym Database 2015.12 - Search through more than 15,000 Acronyms/Abbreviations from Many Countries.
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Starting this week, Ikelite is shipping underwater flashlights to the winners of 2009 Wetpixel POTW winners. Congratulations to all prior year winners! In 2010 prizes will be sent to winners in monthly intervals. Please make sure to keep your profile complete with shipping address, country, postal code and phone number to be eligible for your prize.
Special thanks to Ikelite for sponsoring our POTW competition! In case you haven't already heard, Ikelite is proud to once again usher in a new generation of underwater strobes with their new, versatile DS161 Movie Substrobe. Pocket-sized video cameras are also tremendously popular and supported with complete systems for JVC, flip and Kodak models.
We look forward to seeing this year's entries!
Ikelite ships prizes for 2009 Wetpixel POTW winners
Started by echeng, Jan 24 2010 10:23 AM
1 reply to this topic
Posted 24 January 2010 - 10:23 AM
Posted 25 January 2010 - 07:36 AM
Thanks for the heads up Eric!
My Flickr
Karel Bernard
Canon G9 in Ikelite Housing; SubStrobe DS-160
WA lens Ikelite W-20; Inon UCL-165 M67 Close-up Lenses
Karel Bernard
Canon G9 in Ikelite Housing; SubStrobe DS-160
WA lens Ikelite W-20; Inon UCL-165 M67 Close-up Lenses


text:
A2P Legal Externship is a 4-credit hour non-graded program
which enables you to extern with a supervising attorney
in a wide variety of legal areas – private or public, civil
or criminal. Externships are available for the Fall, Spring
and Summer semesters. Some public sector externships enable
you to obtain a 711 license and appear in court.
Why Extern?
To become a good lawyer and to supplement what you learn
in the classroom, you need practical experience in real-world
legal work. Most students aren't fortunate enough to receive
a paid clerking position — or even a volunteer opportunity
— that teaches what they want to learn. LEP presents a unique
and important opportunity to gain exposure to an area of
the law in which you are interested and helps you significantly
broaden your future employment opportunities.
Students interested in civil law may extern in a wide variety
of places. For example, some have externed at the City of
Chicago Corporation Counsel's Office, Office of the Illinois
Attorney General, Illinois Commerce Commission, Immigration
Court of the U.S. Department of Justice, Internal Revenue
Service, and Environmental Protection Agency, as well approved
in-house corporate legal counsel.
Students interested in criminal law have externed at the
US Attorney's Office, the Office of the Federal Defender,
and at the offices of the State's Attorney and Public Defender
in Cook County as well as the surrounding counties.
Application Process:
Information and application packets for Spring 2012 semester
will be available in mid-October in front of the Spakateria,
in Career Services Office, and in Room 600 Law Offices reception
Spring 2012 Semester: Externships with
U.S. Attorney's Office
Northern District of Illinois
If you are interested in exposure to and possible participation
in federal trial and appellate practice while assisting
the U.S. Attorney's Office in handling its multitude of
important cases, please pick up an application in Room 612
from Carole Ross, administrative assistant to Professor
Completed applications must be received at the Office of
the U.S. Attorney by Tuesday, September 20, 2011.
The reason for this accelerated date is because each accepted
extern must go through a security clearance, which takes
several weeks.
To receive law school credit for this externship, should
you be selected by the U.S. Attorney's Office, you must
enroll in the law school's Legal Externship Program. Externship
applications for Spring 2012 will be available in mid-October
in the Law Offices reception area (Room 600), in the Career
Services Office, and in front of the Spakateria.
Professor Gross will be happy to answer any questions you
may have about either the Legal Externship Program and/or
the externship position with the U.S. Attorney's Office.
Spring 2012 Semester for Credit Only: U.S. Department
of Education Office for Civil Rights
The United States Department of Education, Office for Civil
Rights (OCR), enforces several Federal civil rights laws
that prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color,
national origin, sex disability and age. OCR also enforces
the Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act of 2001 that
prohibits the denial of equal access or a fair opportunity
to meet with, or discriminate against, any group officially
affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America. Successful extern
candidates will work with OCR attorneys and investigators
on one or more teams in the Chicago Office to resolve discrimination
The extern will observe and participate in complainant
and witness interviews, participate in the drafting of all
documents pertinent to an OCR investigation, including letters
of notification, data requests and letters of finding. The
extern may have the opportunity to participate in local
on-site investigations and will assist with data analysis,
engage in substantial legal research and be expected to
adhere to the tight time frames of the Department. The team
attorney(s) with whom the extern will work will supervise
the extern's work. The extern coordinator, the deputy chief
attorney and chief attorney will also be available to assist
the extern.
If you are interested, please submit a letter of interest
along with a copy of your resume and writing sample, postmarked
no later than October 14, 2011 to:
Ms. Leticia Magdaleno
U.S. Department of Education
Office for Civil Rights
Citigroup Center
Suite 1075
500 W. Madison St.
Chicago, IL 60661
Applications may also be submitted by email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Please notify Prof. Gross (email@example.com)
if you are selected as an extern.
For a complete description of all clinical programs, please
visit the Law Offices' Home Page at http://www.kentlaw.edu/academics/clinic.
Main Chicago-Kent event
Academic calendar
CLE calendar
Alumnae/i event calendar
Admissions calendar


text:
Brief SummaryRead full entry
They are generally endothermic ("warm-blooded"), producing body heat internally. Some species, such as seals regularly also use the sun or other environmental heat sources in addition to the metabolic heat they produce.
Most species give birth to living young - with the notable exception of the monotremes (the platypus and the echidnas) of Australia and the southern Pacific region, which lay leathery shelled eggs.
The approximately 5000 species of mammals range in size from the 100 foot long (30m) blue whale to the 3/4 inch (30-40mm) long Old World hognosed bat.
Various species of mammal can swim, climb, run and fly.
Mammals are distributed worldwide, occurring on all continents and most islands. Even islands that are said to be without mammals will have whales in the nearby waters. One species has even begun to colonize local space off earth.


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Halle Berry: Restraining Order Against Gabriel Aubry?
Halle Berry dons a cap while arriving at her home with her fiance Olivier Martinez on Sunday (November 25) in Malibu, Calif.
Earlier in the week, the 46-year-old actress was spotted taking her daughter Nahla to catch the Yo Gabba Gabba show in Los Angeles.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Halle Berry
Halle will be going to court this coming week to seek a restraining order against her ex-boyfriend Gabriel Aubry after his Thanksgiving brawl against Olivier, according to TMZ.
FYI: Olivier is wearing Levi's jeans.
10+ pictures inside of Halle Berry and Olivier Martinez arriving at their home…


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Every now and then, I get a hankering for some good Chinese take out. It happens pretty often, actually. Just thinking of the smell that comes from the big bag of stir fry, sweet sesame chicken, noodles and fried rice that comes home from our local restaurant makes me hungry. My family gets just excited about it as I do. However, it's not a secret that eating take out too often really isn't good for the waistline, or your health in general, really. But luckily, Chinese food can be cooked so easily at home with a few pantry staples, some lean proteins, and fresh vegetables, and I often wonder why I don't make it on a regular basis.
If you're like me and want to challenge yourself to learn how to cook up some restaurant quality (maybe even better?) Chinese food at home, check out this great collection of mouth-watering recipes after the jump!
Beef and Pepper Stir Fry 1 of 10My husband always orders Pepper Steak when we order Chinese. This lighter version made at home can be served over rice or noodles, or as a filling for lettuce wraps as Julie suggests.
Make Julie's easy beef and pepper stir fry
Broccoli Beef 2 of 10This is a classic dish served up in Chinese restaurants everywhere. Flavor up your sliced beef in a quick marinade and add fresh broccoli florets for a quick weeknight meal.
Make broccoli beef
Cashew Chicken 3 of 10Who doesn't love a good cashew chicken dish? When I saw this recipe from Angie I immediately bookmarked it. My family will love this for savory nutty chicken and vegetable stir fry over some steamed rice.
Make Angie's cashew chicken
Homemade Eggrolls 4 of 10Step out of your comfort zone and try making your own egg rolls at home. With a few ingredients for your filling, all you need to master is the technique of rolling them up, which Brooke shows with step by step photos and instructions.
Make Brooke's homemade egg rolls
Shrimp Fried Rice 5 of 10Fried rice is always a well loved Chinese dish. Making your own at home is easier than you think, and more economical too. Try out Angie's recipe and learn what her secret ingredient is to making a great fried rice your family will love.
Make Angie's shrimp fried rice
Kung Po Chicken 6 of 10If you're looking for a dish with a kick, this one's for you. Full of colorful veggies, chicken and a rich, authentic sauce, this recipe from Cooking Channel's Ching-He Huang is one to try.
Make kung po chicken
Stir Fried Noodles 7 of 10Have you ever tried rice noodles? They are the star of this colorful vegetable stir fry that easily be enjoyed any night of the week.
Make Angie's stir fried rice noodles
Chicken Potstickers 8 of 10My kids just recently started loving potstickers and have been asking me to make them at home. I've always been unsure and slightly intimidated by the process of putting them together, but after reading and looking at Macki's photos and instructions I think I'm ready to give them a try! I'm also inspired to get my kids involved in the process!
Make Macki's healthy chicken potstickers
Sesame Chicken 9 of 10This dish is hands down my kids' favorite when ordering takeout Chinese. I'd love to try making it at home, especially after looking at Angie's mouthwatering photos for this recipe.
Make Angie's sesame chicken
Sweet and Sour Chicken with Pineapple 10 of 10The sweetness from fresh pineapple brings this chicken and vegetable stir fry to a whole new level. This recipe from Julie is simple enough to make for dinner tonight.
Make Julie's sweet and sour chicken with pineapple


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Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Monday, December 01, 2008
Jan Balet Sends a Christmas Gift
As we once more kick off 'The Countdown to Christmas', I'm delighted to share with you this note I received from Jan Balet himself last month...
Along with the note came two books - one, a beautiful collection of the artist's recent work; the other, a wonderful photo collection by Martin Möll celebrating Balet's 85th birthday. The book is copyright 1998, meaning that Jan Balet is now 95.
I'm sure you all join me in hoping he makes a speedy recovery from his time in the hospital, and I look forward to presenting a second week on his career based on our eventual correspondence - hopefully some time early next year!
* My Jan Balet Flickr set.
* Photo © Martin Möll
13 comments:
Wow, that's amazing, Leif! I just posted a fantastic cover he did for Better Homes & Garden on my blog, too. Perfect timing. 95? What an incredible life he's lead! Thanks for sharing with us, Leif!ReplyDelete
- Harley3:23 AM
How great!ReplyDelete
For me, the Jan Balet posts have been some of the most exciting. I love the storybook style, and the work of Mr. Balet is as good as it gets!
It's nice to look back and see the Christmas theme on some of Balet's other work you've posted, namely the Lee's carpet illustration with a lounging Santa and his concerned reindeer, and the images from "The Year Without a Santa Claus."
I hope that you'll be able to pass on our continued appreciation for Mr. Balet's work, and our sincere wishes for his good health.
Wonderful work... thanks for posting and my best wishes to Jan...ReplyDelete
- Rich2:32 PM
Love those Pegasus like deers, they have an uplifting touch to me. Feels like Christmas coming.ReplyDelete
The combination of lights and deer or reindeer antlers has always hounted me since I first saw pictures of St.Hubertus' vision of a white deer in the dark woods with that shining cross in between its horns.
Wish you all the best, Mr. Balet!
I have known Jan Balet on and off my entire life. Fortunately I have spent a great deal of time with him over the past number of years. He wa amazed that his work was on the internet. Since you know that he hasn't been well I thought you should know that sadly, Jan died on January 31st. The world will be a "grayer" place without him.ReplyDelete


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Photographs (by George P. Landow) You may use these images without prior permission for any scholarly or educational purpose as long as you (1) credit the photographer and (2) link your document to this URL in a web document or cite the Victorian Web in a print one. Click on images to enlarge them.
Mahamuni Paya
The holiest temple in Mandalay: The Mahamuni Paya (Great Sage Pagoda), originally built in 1784 and almost completely rebuilt after a fire in 1884, houses the Mahamuni image, which dates from as early as the first century AD. The four-meter bronze image of the seated Buddha has been covered by application of gold leaf and over time has more than doubled its original weight. Only the original face can now be seen. Believers feel that one can benefit from applying gold to that area of this particular Buddha where one wishes to maintain good health. In this pagada, woman are not allowed to touch the buddha and have to sit in a separate place. Left: Comparatively recent reconstruction of the pagoda. Right: The shrine.
Shwenadaw Kyaung
This wooden structure, which provides an example of traditional Burmese wooden monasteries, was once part of the Royal Palace in Mandalay, where it served as apartments for King Mindon and his chief wife. After his death his son, King Thibaw Min, had it dismantled and reassembled here in 1880 as a monastery. Carved inside and out, it was once heavily gilded where is was not painted red-- one can see traces of both, though not of the glass mosaics, which seem to have completely disappeared.
Left: Shwenadaw Kyaung. Right: Your webmaster before the Pagoda.
Left: One of the young monks. Middle: A view from one of the doorways, showing the carvings.
Left: The raised deck on the left side of the structure. Middle: Some of the stone wall around the wooden building. Right: The walls surrounding the old Royal Palace complex, which the British destroyed during the last of the Anglo-Burmese wars.
Last modified 17 April 2001


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Report: You Need a Smartphone Security Suite
Your PC is surely protected by an antivirus utility, and chances are good you've installed a full-scale security suite. How about your phone? A modern smartphone has many of the same capabilities as a PC and is way more vulnerable to certain kinds of attack. Even so, few smartphone users see security apps as essential.
Austrian security testing lab AV-Comparatives today released a study comparing four smartphone security products: ESET Mobile Security, F-Secure Mobile Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security and Trend Micro Mobile Security. All four support Windows Mobile 5.0-6.5 and Symbian 9.1-9.4. F-Secure adds support for Android while Trend Micro supports Android7. Trend Micro also offers a limited-feature edition called Trend Micro SmartSurfing for the iPhone; that's the only iPhone support found in these products.
The study contends that "nobody who uses a smartphone should go without security software" and offers pages of lucid detail on just what you can expect.
The features of a smartphone security suite overlap those of a standard PC security suite in some areas. All four products studied offer differing degrees of firewall protection including network packet protection and control over which apps can access the Internet. All four offer protection against mobile viruses (though the number of mobile threats is minuscule compared to the number of PC viruses). ESET, Kaspersky and Trend Micro include features to block telephone and text-message spam. Trend Micro web reputation warns about dangerous sites.
Some of the suites even offer a degree of parental control. Trend Micro will block URLs based on categories and log sites your child visits. Kaspersky will block calls that incur extra charges and can be set to blacklist certain numbers or limit the child's calling to a predefined whitelist. Kaspersky and F-Secure allow the parent to remotely determine the phone's GPS location.
Of course, the biggest security problem with a mobile phone is theft, and all four products include multiple anti-theft features. F-Secure and Kaspersky can lock down access to contacts, images, and texting. With any of the four you can send a text to remotely lock or wipe a stolen phone. And if the malefactor changes out the SIM all four will alert you and report the new number. F-Secure and Kaspersky can help find the lost or stolen phone by reporting its GPS location.
F-Secure's mobile suite costs 35 euros per year; the other three cost 25. Which should you choose? In the full report AV-Comparatives did not make a specific recommendation, nor did they assign their usual ADVANCED+, ADVANCED and STANDARD ratings. Rather, they suggest that all four have their merits and advised users to consider the differing features and take advantage of free trials before making a decision. (As for those of us using iPhones, we'll just have to wait until the security vendors manage to produce a security suite Apple will accept.)
Originally posted to the PCMag.com security blog, Security Watch.