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Just days after doctors successfully removed a tumor from Bailey Quishenberry's brain, the 14-year-old was spiraling downhill, delirious and writhing in pain from an entirely new menace.
Her abdomen swollen 10 times its normal size and her fever skyrocketing, Bailey began wishing she could die, just to escape the agony.
Bailey had contracted a potentially fatal infection called Clostridium difficile, or C. diff, that ravages the intestines. The bacteria preys on people in hospitals, nursing homes and other medical facilities — the very places patients trust to protect their health.
A USA TODAY investigation shows that C. diff is far more prevalent than federal reports suggest. The bacteria is linked in hospital records to more than 30,000 deaths a year in the United States — about twice federal estimates and rivaling the 32,000 killed in traffic accidents. It strikes about a half-million Americans a year.
Yet despite a decade of rising C. diff rates, health care providers and the government agencies that oversee them have been slow to adopt proven strategies to reduce the infections, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and illnesses that could have been prevented, the investigation shows.
"People are dying needlessly," says Christian John Lillis, a New Yorker who lost his 56-year-old mother, Peggy, to the infection two years ago. "It's outrageous."
Indeed, while the medical community has cut rates for virtually all other health care infections in recent years, C. diff hovers at all-time highs.
"Looking at the data for C. diff and looking at what's being presented at infection control meetings, we're not doing a very good job," says William Jarvis, who spent 17 years heading the health care infection division at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "We know what to do (to lower rates). It's not rocket science. And we know the barrier is cost."
To assess the C. diff epidemic, USA TODAY conducted dozens of interviews and reviewed an array of state and federal data, government studies and academic papers. The reporting revealed:
•Deaths and illnesses are much higher than reports have shown. In March, the CDC said in a report that the infection kills 14,000 people a year. But that estimate is based on death certificates, which often don't list the infection when patients die from complications, such as kidney failure.
Hospital billing data collected by the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality shows that more than 9 percent of C. diff-related hospitalizations end in death — nearly five times the rate for other hospital stays. That adds up to more than 30,000 fatalities among the 347,000 C. diff hospitalizations in 2010. Thousands more patients are treated in nursing homes, clinics and doctors' offices.
"We're talking in the range of close to 500,000 total cases a year," says Cliff McDonald, a C. diff expert and senior science adviser in the CDC's Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion. And annual fatalities "may well be … as high as 30,000."
•Health care facilities have stopped short of doing what's necessary. Many hospitals and nursing homes lack programs to track and limit the use of antibiotics that allow C. diff to thrive. And studies show that patients' rooms often aren't cleaned sufficiently.
During the recession, many health care facilities cut spending on infection control and housekeeping, and they often lack a tightly coordinated approach to track and kill the bacteria.
C. diff is "a big concern," but limited Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements strain budgets, says Nancy Foster, the American Hospital Association's vice president for quality and patient safety. "Nurses on the front line, pharmacists that provide crucial medication, therapists that provide hands-on treatment, cleaning technicians that need to be there to keep rooms clean and infection rates down — there's no good place to cut."
•Other countries are racing ahead of the U.S. in battling the bacteria. In England, the government requires hospitals to report all C. diff cases, underpinning a regulatory campaign that has slashed infections more than 50 percent since 2008. A new C. diff reporting rule for U.S. hospitals isn't scheduled to take effect until 2013.
England and other European countries also require health care institutions to have antibiotic control programs and meet targets for reducing C. diff. There are no such rules for U.S. facilities: The federal government doesn't track antibiotic use in hospitals, nursing homes and other care settings, and there is no penalty under Medicare and Medicaid for facilities that have high C. diff rates.
Thirty-four states now require hospitals to publicly report their rates of infections, but fewer than a quarter of those include C. diff, according to an analysis by Julie Reagan at HAI Focus, an organization that studies health care infections. Reporting requirements for nursing homes are even less common.
In 2009, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launched an "action plan" to reduce six high-priority infections, including C. diff. Infection rates for five of those have dropped significantly, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.
Rates for C. diff, targeted for a 30% reduction by 2013, haven't budged.
"As it relates to C. diff, absolutely, we have a lot of work to do," says Don Wright, deputy assistant secretary of health and leader of the prevention initiative. "It's important to take lessons learned. … We will begin to see a reduction if those are followed closely."
One lesson came in 2003.
That's when the Environmental Protection Agency, which regulates hospital disinfectants, learned that none of its approved products actually killed C. diff spores — though many claimed on their labels that they were effective against the bacteria. Five years passed, with C. diff rates skyrocketing, before the agency ordered manufacturers to remove the claims and began to identify new disinfectants that work.
"The agency blew it," says Jim Jones, EPA's acting assistant administrator for the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, which handles disinfectant regulation. "We missed something we totally had the capacity to catch."
'I Couldn't Move'
Like most C. diff patients, Bailey Quishenberry's symptoms began with severe diarrhea. Within days, her intestines were shutting down. Her colon was so swollen that it pushed pressure up to her lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
Bailey's doctors at California's Loma Linda University Medical Center diagnosed her with toxic megacolon, a sometimes fatal complication that often requires removal of the colon and use of a colostomy bag.
"It was so painful, I couldn't think, I couldn't keep track of what I was saying. … I couldn't move," she recalls. "It was like … 'I wish this would be over and I could just die.' "
With a colectomy looming, Bailey's mother, Shannon, persuaded the doctors to try an unusual alternative, a fecal transplant. The goal is to repopulate the colon with healthy bacteria by implanting a feces from a relative, often via a colonoscopy or enema. Within days, Bailey's blood white cell count fell, the swelling in her abdomen receded. After a month in the hospital, she was allowed to go home.
Bailey's ordeal would continue, but she survived. Many patients aren't so fortunate.
Regina Mulligan was diagnosed with C. diff after entering a New York hospital for heart surgery and died from complications three months later at 83.
"When someone you love goes in for something like heart surgery, you don't expect that they'll die from an infection because they are in the hospital," says Mary Schultz, Mulligan's daughter. "At one point the doctors told us that she had C. diff, but no one ever explained what it was or told us how deadly it could be."
Kimberly Ratliff's baby girl, Charlee, lived only eight months before dying with the infection in 2010 after heart surgery. The medical community doesn't talk about C. diff because it wants to downplay the problem, she says.
"I wish doctors were more forthcoming. … You don't learn about it until after it's too late."
How to Attack the Problem
There's no mystery to cutting C. diff rates.
The spore-forming bacteria exists throughout the environment: water, soil, human and animal feces. It typically sickens people taking certain stomach medicines or antibiotics, which diminish healthy bacteria in the gut as they attack infections. When levels of healthy bacteria get low, C. diff can take over, producing toxins that cause intense diarrhea, often with grave complications.
The germ thrives in settings where antibiotics are in wide use, and its proliferation has accelerated as a new, hyper-virulent strain has emerged over the past decade. C. diff spores spread through fecal contamination: They get on people's hands, often from bathroom fixtures, and move to other surfaces by touch, from light switches to bed rails to tables and trays. The tough-to-kill spores resist many disinfectants and can survive for months. Once they're on patients' hands, it's a short trip to their mouths — and their intestines.
The challenge is twofold: Control the use of antibiotics that allow C. diff to flourish, and prevent the bacteria's spread from infected patients via dirty hands, dirty rooms or dirty equipment.
Some U.S. hospitals have confronted those challenges head-on:
•In Cincinnati, The Jewish Hospital-Mercy Health slashed its high C. diff rate by half in less than a year by adopting stricter antibiotic controls and new room-cleaning protocols. The program costs the 209-bed hospital about $10,000 a year.
•In Pittsburgh, the 792-bed UPMC Presbyterian cut C. diff 71 percent from 2000 to 2006 with new cleaning protocols, better identification and isolation of infected patients, and antibiotic controls.
•In Oak Lawn, Ill., the 695-bed Advocate Christ Medical Center reduced C. diff cases 55 percent by retraining housekeepers, coordinating care with infection prevention specialists, and adopting new disinfection standards for high-touch areas.
Although such strategies are well documented, many facilities don't use them, says Wright, the head of the federal infection-prevention initiative: "One of the tasks at hand is to ensure that these practices that have been shown to have success are broadly disseminated and broadly applied."
Standing in the way are concerns about costs, staffing and the complexity of creating and implementing new procedures that require interdisciplinary teams to work together.
Hospitals have cut housekeeping budgets up to 25 percent in recent years, according to the Association for the Healthcare Environment, an arm of the American Hospital Association. And the group's surveys show that many hospitals spend as little as 18 minutes cleaning a patient's room. That's well below the 25 to 30 minutes the group's studies have identified as optimal.
There is also limited tracking of antibiotics. In 2010, about 42 percent of infection control specialists nationwide said their facility had no antibiotic stewardship program, based on a survey by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology. Such programs typically track the use of antibiotics to ensure proper use, which can reduce opportunities for infection.
The challenge is more daunting in nursing homes, where antibiotics are prolific, staffing often is thin and it's tougher to isolate patients.
'All Hands on Deck'
Three weeks after Bailey Quishenberry left the hospital, her symptoms returned — diarrhea, high fever, and white blood count, distended colon. She went back in the hospital for another eight days and, after another fecal transplant, her symptoms subsided and she was released again.
During those weeks at Bailey's bedside, her mother, Shannon, became a self-educated C. diff expert. She got her own bleach wipes to clean Bailey's room. She made sure visitors wore gowns and gloves. She enforced hand-washing rules.
As hospitals and nursing homes struggle with tight budgets and limited staffing, patient advocates say its critical that the public become more engaged in minimizing infection risks.
"We need all hands on deck, including patients," says Pat Mastors, whose father, Bob Stegeman, died at 76 after developing toxic megacolon from C. diff. Mastors was "shocked" when she learned how common the infection is, and she helped pass a Rhode Island law requiring hospitals to advise patients on protecting themselves.
"Hospitals don't want to tell patients the room might be contaminated," says Betsy McCaughey, founder of the Committee to Reduce Infection Deaths. The committee prints cards with steps patients can take to minimize infection risks, and they offer the cards free to hospitals, McCaughey says. But "many hospitals don't want them."
Money, Staffing Challenges
The big challenge in curbing C. diff is getting all the players to work together — from health care administrators and the government regulators that guide them to doctors and nurses and the housekeeping staffs that clean up behind them.
"We're kind of in the early stages in a more coordinated response," says Arjun Srinivasan, associate director of the CDC's Healthcare Associated Infection Prevention Program. "There are simply many, many more moving parts that have to be addressed."
Other health care infections have been stemmed by ensuring that certain medical procedures are done properly. Catheter-related infections were cut by getting doctors to change protocols for installing the devices. Infections linked to surgical incisions and ventilators were reduced by getting doctors and nurses to alter practices.
Strategies to combat C. diff are more complicated and costly. Successful initiatives often require interdisciplinary teams. Pharmacists tackle antibiotic protocols. Medical staff look at how infected patients are isolated and handled. Environmental-services supervisors review cleaning practices. And administrators have to deal with the costs.
Though infection control programs are shown to save facilities money in the long run, Jarvis, the former CDC infection control chief, says administrators often balk at the upfront investments because they worry about operating margins.
"Saving money is not the same as making money," he adds.
Meanwhile, "a lot of opportunities are being missed," says Christian Lillis, who set up the Peggy Lillis Memorial Foundation with his brother, Liam, after their mother's C. diff death to help curb infection rates.
In a 2009 survey of 2,000 infection prevention specialists from U.S. hospitals, 41 percent said their facility had cut spending on infection control. In a 2010 follow-up by APIC, 53 percent said their institutions were taking new steps to cut C. diff, but most said more staff was needed.
The C. diff reporting rule that takes effect next year should spur facilities to boost their efforts, says McDonald, the C. diff expert at the CDC.
"Having people track these data and report probably does the most to move this whole (prevention) yardstick forward," McDonald says. Health care facilities "care about their reputation."
But there are few other regulatory incentives for facilities to improve. The U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has begun reducing reimbursement to hospitals for care tied to certain health care infections it deems preventable, such as those related to catheter use. But C. diff is not on that list.
It's difficult to hold facilities accountable for C. diff because it can be impossible to know where a patient was infected, CMS spokeswoman Ellen Griffith says. With patients moving between hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care settings, a case diagnosed at a particular site may not have been contracted there, she adds.
That hasn't been a roadblock in England, where hospitals must meet strict targets for reducing infection rates or face sanctions. In fiscal 2011-12 through March, the country had just 18,000 C. diff cases — 17 percent below the prior year.
The British experience "has shown that substantial reductions are possible," says Don Goldmann, senior vice president at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement and a professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. "We can do better, and we really need to."
A 'Transformation' for Bailey
Last August, three months after Bailey's C. diff ordeal began, her symptoms returned a third time. She got another fecal transplant — it often takes several — and improved steadily.
By last fall, Bailey's colon size was normal, her white count good, the fevers and nausea less frequent. Her gastroenterologist was impressed, telling her he'd never seen such a severe C. diff case where the patient's colon wasn't removed. In March, Bailey finally returned to school after missing six months. In April, she played Eve in an Easter play.
"We see such a rebirth in our young lady," Shannon wrote this spring in the final entry of an online journal chronicling her daughter's illness. "It is an amazing transformation."
At Loma Linda medical center, C. diff rates have declined and officials continue taking steps to reduce them, including changes in room-cleaning procedures, antibiotic controls and testing protocols for patients showing C. diff symptoms.
"We formalized things we were already doing and started adding new things," says James Pappas, patient safety officer. "We've seen our rates drop in half, so that certainly makes us happy. But … if you're having one case a year, that's still a problem."
Last month, Bailey and her family went on vacation. She kayaked, hiked, swam. But Shannon kept C. diff medication close at hand. The infection still lurks in Bailey's gut, held in check by the healthy bacteria that have come back to the fore.
"I still worry," Shannon says. "If Bailey starts to get sick, she goes to deathly ill immediately. For us, it will be a lifestyle forever."
—Contributing: Hannah Morgan


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The process of buying a new Mazda car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Mazda car dealerships in and around Fremont, New Hampshire. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Mazda car dealers in Fremont, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
Non Display Review Name "I was in the market to get myself back into an SUV, after reluctantly switching to a car a few years back. I had always loved the Mazda CX-5, but inve"... Read more Review by: Selyons04
Non Display Review Name "I went in today to look at options for leasing a vehicle. Bob Scatamacchia immediately greeted us and was very friendly. What is normally a stressful "... Read more Review by: JoeP
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subset: commoncrawl


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With regard to the letter in the July 26 paper titled "Trayvon and George" that starts out "Just the facts people," I really do have to laugh.
The writer states:
"I have read letter after letter in which people — who obviously want Martin to be guilty of something so they can justify their own personal beliefs — have made statements about Martin initiating a fight when there is not one shred of evidence that this is what happened. If you people want to make up stuff, that's fine. Just don't state it as fact."
And then the writer goes on to make some obvious assumptions of her own, the first of which is that she wonders why George Zimmerman would follow Trayvon Martin without identifying himself as neighborhood watch.
How does she know he didn't?
Second, she presupposes to know what Zimmerman was thinking in her statement that perhaps he was more bold than normal because he was carrying a loaded weapon and further the he assumed that Martin was guilty of something.
It must be nice to be able to read people's minds and know, without a doubt, what they think and why.
I point all this out because during the entire charade of Martin vs. Zimmerman people from both sides have been doing this. The most erroneous of all is the presumption that Zimmerman was prejudiced and racist.
That kind of psychological projection and presumptuous arrogance is perhaps the single biggest driver in most of the conflicts in our society today.
James Davis
Silver Springs
Angry taxpayer
I am not trying to be disrespectful, but I have to tell it like I see it. The County Commission is going to review and decide if Silver Springs should get a tax hike. Have they lost their minds? Shame on them.
There have been so many foreclosures — the Star-Banner had page after page of unpaid property taxes. What's wrong with this picture? Higher taxes will only create more unpaid taxes, and result in loss of more homes that we work so hard for. But the ones with the means will snatch them up.
Stop looking into how to spend more money. Tighten your belts like we have to. You ought to be ashamed of yourselves. I guess if we had your income, there would be no problem. But remember, election time will come around again.
Stop and think hard about what you are thinking of doing because you are going to hurt a lot people. What do you expect senior citizens to do, and the young adults that purchased in the hopes of owning their own home that are struggling now to make ends meet? With higher car and property insurance, gas, food, electric ... the list goes on and on ... why would you consider adding to the problem? And by the way, who in their right mind would want to build or buy property in Silver Springs with the threat of higher taxes?
Barbara DeFelippi
Silver Springs
The American way
The Associated Press article "Stand your ground repeals unlikely" (July 22) offers two versions of jury instructions. The old version would read that Zimmerman "cannot justify his use of force likely to cause death or great bodily harm if by retreating he could have avoided the need to use that force."
As I understand the old law, Zimmerman would have had to prove he could not retreat. That conflicts with our legal system standard of innocent until proven guilty. Under the old law, the state could declare guilt because a defendant did not retreat. Under the new law, the state must prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant's actions were not a reasonable use of deadly force. The defendant needs to prove nothing.
The new law is now, in my opinion, consistent with our legal system.
Richard A Minzenberger
A Christian nation
What about the truth?
"What wrath?" (July 8) was colorfully written, but offensive and completely untrue.
To say "It's probably the emptiest threat ever uttered (God's wrath) ..." and to characterize God as an "imaginary being" are affronts to the 265 million Americans who do believe in God. These allusions are also completely untrue.
Another untruth: "The United States was not established on Christian principles." Truthfully, America was built on the strong Christian principles the founders were imbued with when they penned the Constitution. Those principles — while deliberately not included in the Constitution — were instilled in the hearts and minds of the founders and were the driving force behind America's need for a Constitution.
Still another untruth: "... the Constitution (does) not endorse a particular religion. A curious oversight?" Truthfully, the founders intentionally omitted any reference to "religion" from the Constitution since its inclusion would have been inappropriate to creating a secular nation.
There's more: "... we have enough real problems (God's wrath not being one) to cope with." Truthfully, a problem is that many politicians simply ignore the power of God. Also many citizens.
When these facts are coupled with the unwillingness of this administration, Congress and the courts to deal with the issues, the "real problems" emerge.
Since our politicians and judges can't/won't deal with these problems, we, the people, must compel them to.
Our tools are prayer, faith and persistence. God provides the guidance and inspiration.
God is unquestionably all around us. Please open your hearts to Him.
Joe O'Hara
Letters to the editor for Monday, July 29 2013


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Jun 24, 201302:00 AM
New Orleans Voices
Our City Talks Back
Le Petit Theatre's Exciting New Season
Cassie Worley
Cassie Worley is the executive director of Le Petit Théâtre du Vieux Carré. Le Petit is one of the oldest community theaters in the country and it holds a special place in the hearts of New Orleanians. As with many community theaters, Le Petit has been financially strapped for some time. However, thanks to a good business plan and restauranteur Dickie Brennan's new on-site restaurant, Tableau, this beloved New Orleans theater is now in fine shape. In this podcast, Worley tells us a little about the origins of Le Petit and explains the differences between community theater and non-community theater. She highlights some of New Orleans' local theatrical talent and gives us a glimpse into the upcoming 2013-2014 season.


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Critical ANSI Notice for all Providers
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Oklahoma will only accept ANSI Version 5010 health care claim (837) transactions as of March 17, 2012.
As of March 17, 2012, BCBSOK will no longer accept ANSI v4010A1 health care claim (837) transactions from covered entities. We will be working with our direct submitters and trading partners from this date through the March 31, 2012, enforcement date to mitigate any concerns or questions.
As of March 31, 2012, BCBSOK will no longer send ANSI v4010A1 electronic remittance advice (ERA 835) transactions to receivers.
All providers using ANSI v4010A1 should immediately contact their practice management system vendors and/or billing agent and/or clearinghouse to confirm timely adoption of and system compatibility with the new federal ANSI v5010 standard that became effective on Jan. 1, 2012.


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CoolerMaster Storm Sirus 5.1 Gaming Headset Review
Have you been playing your favorite game and keep getting fragged when you least expect it? Maybe you're using speakers that are not giving the noise detail you wish to have or maybe you have an older headset that is only 2.1 channels or less! Well it's time to look at getting into a new headset that is going to give you every advantage that your opponents are using. If you have ever looked into getting a 5.1 channel headset, but have been turned away by needing to have a dedicated sound card in your system and just don't want to fork out the cash for it, or maybe your motherboard just doesn't support 5.1 channels. Then you are in luck, since the CoolerMaster Storm Sirus 5.1 Gaming Headset is powered by USB instead of your typical 3.5mm audio jacks. Let's take a closer look and see what CoolerMaster has to offer with it's latest headset.
Closer Look:
The CoolerMaster Storm Sirus 5.1 Gaming Headset that I received was not packaged in the retail packaging, so I am unable to take a look at what the actual packaging will look like if you were to purchase one. However the package that they did send the headset in does look like what they will be using for the inner packaging, with a different retail outer shell around it. Once you get the main package opened up, you are going to find a clear molded plastic casing inside that houses the headset, along with all of the cables that are nice and neatly arranged to ensure that they are going to stay in place during the shipping process.
Once you start to getting the contents out of the clear plastic packaging, you will see everything that comes with the CoolerMaster Storm Sirus 5.1 Gaming Headset. Included is obviously the headset itself with the attached cables, the additional 5.1 3.5mm audio jacks, the replacement leather ear pads, and the control module.
When you are looking at the connections that are on the CoolerMaster Storm Sirus 5.1 Gaming Headset, you are going to see that the cable attached to the headset itself has a single large 40mm connector that looks very similar to a PS2 connector. This cable is either going to plug into the adapter that allows you to plug the headset right into an audio card, or into the control pod. If you are going to use the 3.5mm cables, then you get a total of four cables and a USB connection. Looking at the control pod you will see three buttons on the front of it, they are the headphone mute, the microphone mute, and the select button. By pressing the select button, you are going to be able to scroll through all five of the different audio settings (Rear, Front, Master, Center, Bass) that can be adjusted. There is a large knob on the top of the pod, which has a little divot that makes turning it with a single finger quite easy. Flipping it over, you will notice that a majority of the bottom has rubber padding on it that helps in preventing your desk from getting scratched and it does a great job of keeping the module in place.
When you look at the Cooler Master Storm Sirus 5.1 from afar, you are going to see that the entire headset is a nice silverish/gun metal color with black accents all over it. On the band that goes over the top, you find a nice pad that rests on your head, which is not only going to give you support and increase the comfort of the headset, but keep it at an appropriate level on your head as well. The ear pads you find already installed on the headset are a cloth type material that give support all around your ear, which increases comfort and aids in noise cancellation as well.
Looking at the side of the headset where the microphone is located, CoolerMaster has the CM Storm logo printed on it, that will glow in a nice red accent color when the headset is plugged into your computer. CoolerMaster has given the microphone arm a total of about 90° of adjustment from straight forward to straight up (parallel with the headset band). On the opposite side of the headset is another CoolerMaster CM Storm logo printed, that will glow with a red LED when plugged in also.
Now that we have taken a look at the CoolerMaster Storm Sirus 5.1 Gaming Headset, it is time to take a look at the specification and features it has. Then onto the testing.


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Perfect Dark ... This game had an incredible success, but you already know that. This game would deserve one minute of silence, in order to let us remember all the good moments spent in its company. We're trying to recreate all what we loved with using all the power we need provided by the Source Engine. We all dream to make revive this game, with physics and graphics up to date, with keyboard and mouse, with all the weapons and game mod we loved. An incrediblibly old-school gameplay meeting the next-generation requierements! Questions?
The Art and Renders look great.


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Duke heads back to Indianapolis _ site of 2 national championships _ for Midwest Regional
DURHAM, N.C. – Duke always seems to feel right at home in the heart of the Hoosier state.
The Blue Devils have won six of seven NCAA tournament games played in Indianapolis and have won two national titles there. That includes their most recent championship in 2010 when the current seniors were freshmen.
A pair of victories there this weekend at the Midwest Regional would send them back to their first Final Four since then.
Indiana native Mason Plumlee says he hasn't stepped foot inside Lucas Oil Stadium since the Blue Devils cut down the nets following their title-winning victory over Butler three years ago.
Plumlee says those memories won't help the second-seeded Blue Devils (29-5) against third-seeded Michigan State (27-8) on Friday night.


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In December, County Commissioners agreed to get rid of their staff of 14 operators, and instead pay sheriff's dispatchers to do the job.
Stark County officials have agreed to pay six weeks severance salary to 911 operators whose jobs were abolished.
In December, county commissioners agreed to get rid of their staff of 14 operators, and instead pay sheriff's dispatchers to do the job. The move is expected to save about $341,000 a year and reduce the number of transferred emergency calls.
The change occurred Jan. 16.
Behind the scenes, officials have been negotiating financial terms with the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Ohio Council 8 — the union that represents operators.
On Wednesday, commissioners approved an agreement that offered two scenarios: One in which an employee signs a release to future claims; the other if they don't sign.
The pact will likely cost the county between $73,911 and $154,623, depending on how many operators file for unemployment benefits and duration for each, and how many accept an offer by the county to pay a month's worth of health insurance.
The total projected payouts also include contractual provisions that allow some to cash out 25 percent of their accrued sick leave, accrued vacation time and also award longevity pay.
Emergency Management Agent Director Tim Warstler, who oversaw the operators, said two of the 14 have been hired as sheriff's dispatchers and two more may be added soon.
Also Wednesday, commissioners:
• Approved a $108,000 contract for construction engineers Barber & Hoffman, of Cleveland, to manage the county building garage repair project. The firm will oversee work to fix deteriorating concrete inside the garage and on the building facade — estimated to cost as much as $2 million.
• Agreed to pay Pictometry International on behalf of the auditor's office for two flights over the county to provide aerial images for real estate assessments and EMA services.
Reach Tim at 330-580-8333 or on Twitter: @tbotosREP


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Turtle Hatching, Heron Island, QLD
Summer in Queensland is the season to witness the birth of new marine life. See newly-hatched turtles take their very first swim on Mon Repos beach, near Bundaberg. Or witness the hyper-colour production of a mass coral spawning across the Great Barrier Reef. You can see this dazzling natural phenomenon, nicknamed by marine biologists as 'sex on the reef', from a glass-bottomed boat or live-aboard dive tour.
It's a 15 minute drive east to from Bundaberg to Mon Repos Conservation Park, where green, flatback and loggerhead turtles nest on the accessible mainland beach. After dark between November and March, see female turtles coming ashore to lay their eggs, or their newly-hatched babies crawling to shore for their first swim. Mid-November to February is the best time to see turtles laying eggs, while hatchlings usually begin to leave their nests from mid-January. Visit in January and you might get a fascinating glimpse of both nesting adults and little brown hatchlings. Join a guided tour or learn about the turtles at the information centre, then follow the walking track to the turtle rockery. You can also experience the turtles nesting on nearby Lady Elliot, Lady Musgrave and Heron Islands.


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LOUISVILLE, Ky. — — What a scene it would have been.
Bodemeister, the 4-1 morning line favorite, seemed to run effortlessly around most of track at Churchill Downs on Saturday, opening a lead of four lengths coming out of the final turn.
He would have been trainer Bob Baffert's fourth Kentucky Derby winner. He would have invoked reverential talk of horses gone by. He would have been the next one with a true shot at ending a Triple Crown drought that has lasted since 1978.
But Bodemeister — whose name comes from a nickname for Baffert's son Bode — got tired. Baffert, who suffered a heart attack in Dubai in late March, appeared calm afterward.


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(BPT) – For people diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the second most common degenerative brain disease after Alzheimer's, a new Web-based service makes it easier to turn a difficult situation into something positive.
Participating in research can be a great way for patients and their families to contribute to speeding a cure.
Claudia Garrido-Revilla, 47, a busy mother of two who lives in Peoria, Ill., near Chicago, was diagnosed with Parkinson's in May 2010. She unexpectedly discovered that a passion for research participation has given her a new sense of purpose. "Completing a clinical trial makes me feel as if I'm doing something proactive toward finding a cure," she says.
Garrido-Revilla is one of more than 10,000 people — with and without Parkinson's disease — who have registered with Fox Trial Finder (www.foxtrialfinder.org). This new website makes it easier than ever for everyday people to find the clinical trials that need someone like them, taking geography and medical history into account, and always safeguarding patient privacy. Thousands more volunteers are needed.
"Participating in clinical research makes you an agent of change," says Michael J. Fox in a statement released by the Parkinson's research foundation he founded, which is behind Fox Trial Finder. "Completing a Fox Trial Finder profile is quick, easy, and it matters."
A critical shortage of volunteers
Research into brain diseases like Parkinson's is moving faster than ever. The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) alone has invested $300 million in research since 2000, and promising potential drugs are advancing toward Parkinson's patients (an estimated 5 million people worldwide, including 1 million Americans).
But a key challenge in bringing these drugs to market is a critical shortage of volunteers for the clinical trials that are the final stage on the long path to regulatory approval. Research studies urgently need more people with and without Parkinson's disease to participate in the scientific process.
No amount of funding or other resources can make up for a lack of volunteers, notes Dr. Todd Sherer, chief executive officer of MJFF.
"Currently, across all diseases, 85 percent of all clinical trials finish late due to difficulties finding enough participants," says Sherer. "Even more disturbing, 30 percent fail to recruit a single subject. This under-enrollment stalls the drug development process, and new treatments take longer to get to the patients who need them."
Helping everyday people get involved
It is not for lack of patient interest that Parkinson's trials suffer from low enrollment. In fact, according to a recent survey, 88 percent of Parkinson's patients say they are willing to participate in a clinical trial. Unfortunately, fewer than 10 percent ultimately enroll.
MJFF created Fox Trial Finder to make it easier for everyday people to get involved in the research process. The tool is currently active in the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada and Australia, with plans to expand to Western Europe in 2013.
The tool is user-friendly and volunteers can get started by answering as few as three basic questions (the more information provided, the better the matches will be). After providing basic information such as location and medical history, volunteers immediately see a list of the best potential matches in their area. State-of-the-art security protocols ensure that identity and personal information remain confidential.
Research trial coordinators can also register with the site to search for qualified volunteers for their studies.
Unique technology and the most complete list of trials
"What makes Fox Trial Finder unique from a technology standpoint is that it pairs smart-match technology with two-way, anonymous messaging between potential volunteers and clinical trial teams," says Sherer. "Our goal is to make this process easier for everyone."
By saving a profile, registered volunteers are notified when new studies that match their criteria come online, so there is no need to keep checking back. Furthermore, Fox Trial Finder staff ensures the most up-to-date list of ongoing trials, providing the most opportunities to potential volunteers.
"If we don't do it, who will?"
Deb Faculak, 62, is another Parkinson's patient and registered Fox Trial Finder volunteer. The tool helped her find and enroll in a trial studying a drug to treat dyskinesia — the uncontrollable movements that can be a side effect of levodopa, the best available treatment for Parkinson's.
Says Faculak, "The only way these drugs are going to be approved is to go through these trials, and if we don't do it, who will?"
To register, visit foxtrialfinder.org. For more information, contact email@example.com.


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Background Real science has the potential to not only amaze, but also transform the way one thinks of the world and oneself. This is because the process of science is little different from the deeply resonant, natural processes of play. Play enables humans (and other mammals) to discover (and create) relationships and patterns. When one adds rules to play, a game is created. This is science: the process of playing with rules that enables one to reveal previously unseen patterns of relationships that extend our collective understanding of nature and human nature. When thought of in this way, science education becomes a more enlightened and intuitive process of asking questions and devising games to address those questions. But, because the outcome of all game-playing is unpredictable, supporting this 'messyness', which is the engine of science, is critical to good science education (and indeed creative education generally). Indeed, we have learned that doing 'real' science in public spaces can stimulate tremendous interest in children and adults in understanding the processes by which we make sense of the world. The present study (on the vision of bumble-bees) goes even further, since it was not only performed outside my laboratory (in a Norman church in the southwest of England), but the 'games' were themselves devised in collaboration with 25 8- to 10-year-old children. They asked the questions, hypothesized the answers, designed the games (in other words, the experiments) to test these hypotheses and analysed the data. They also drew the figures (in coloured pencil) and wrote the paper. Their headteacher (Dave Strudwick) and I devised the educational programme (we call 'i,scientist'), and I trained the bees and transcribed the childrens' words into text (which was done with smaller groups of children at the school's local village pub). So what follows is a novel study (scientifically and conceptually) in 'kids speak' without references to past literature, which is a challenge. Although the historical context of any study is of course important, including references in this instance would be disingenuous for two reasons. First, given the way scientific data are naturally reported, the relevant information is simply inaccessible to the literate ability of 8- to 10-year-old children, and second, the true motivation for any scientific study (at least one of integrity) is one's own curiousity, which for the children was not inspired by the scientific literature, but their own observations of the world. This lack of historical, scientific context does not diminish the resulting data, scientific methodology or merit of the discovery for the scientific and 'non-scientific' audience. On the contrary, it reveals science in its truest (most naive) form, and in this way makes explicit the commonality between science, art and indeed all creative activities.
Principal finding 'We discovered that bumble-bees can use a combination of colour and spatial relationships in deciding which colour of flower to forage from. We also discovered that science is cool and fun because you get to do stuff that no one has ever done before. (Children from Blackawton)'.
1. Introduction
(a) Once upon a time …
People think that humans are the smartest of animals, and most people do not think about other animals as being smart, or at least think that they are not as smart as humans. Knowing that other animals are as smart as us means we can appreciate them more, which could also help us to help them.
Scientists do experiments on monkeys, because they are similar to man, but bees could actually be close to man too. We see bees in the natural habitat doing what they do, but you do not really see them doing human things—such as solving human puzzles like Sudoku. So it makes you wonder if they could solve a human puzzle. If they could solve it, it would mean that they are really smart, smarter than we thought before, which would mean that humans might have some link with bees. If bees are like us in some way, then understanding them could help us understand ourselves better.
To get ready to do the experiments with the bees we first talked about science being about playing games and making puzzles. We then got into groups and made up games to play using random pieces of physical education equipment. This gave us experience of thinking of games and puzzles. We then had to explain our games to other people. After talking about what it is like to create games and how games have rules, we talked about seeing the world in different ways by wearing bug eyes, mirrors and rolled-up books. We then watched the David Letterman videos of 'Stupid Dog Tricks', in which dogs were trained to do funny things. Next, we too had to learn to solve a puzzle that Beau (a neuroscientist) and Mr Strudwick (our headteacher) gave us (which took an artificial brain 10 000 trials to solve, but only four for us). Afterwards, we started asking questions about bees, and then more specific questions about seeing colour using the bee arena (figure 1).
We came up with lots of questions, but the one we decided to look at was whether bees could learn to use the spatial relationships between colours to figure out which flowers had sugar water in them and which had salt water in them. It is interesting to ask this question, because in their habitat there may be flowers that are bad for them, or flowers from which they might already have collected nectar. This would mean that it is important for bees to learn which flower to go to or to avoid, which would need them to remember the flowers that were around it, which is like a puzzle.
To test this we gave the bees a series of challenges to see if they could complete them or not, and then tested them to see if they solved the puzzle and how they solved it. It was a difficult puzzle, because the bees could not just learn to go to the colour of the flower. Instead, they had to learn to go to one colour (blue) if it was surrounded by the opposite colour (yellow), but also to go to the opposite colour (yellow) if it was surrounded by blue. We also wanted to know if all the bees solved the puzzle in the same way. If not, it would mean that bees have personality (if a bee goes to the blue flower every time, it tells us that it really likes blue).
2. Material and methods
(a) The bee arena
The bee arena, which was made out of Plexiglas, had six sides. The arena was 1 m high, 1 m wide and 1 m deep, and two of the side panels had three doors each. It had a vertical lightbox at the end opposite the side through which the bees entered by a small hole. The lightbox was made out of aluminium, with a Plexiglas screen in front of the six fluorescent lights. An aluminium cross was placed in front of the Plexiglas screen, and this cross had grooves in its sides so that we could slide four black aluminium panels into the cross. Each panel had 16 cut-out circular holes in four rows of four circles each. Each circle was 8 cm in diameter. The holes were covered by the Plexiglas screen. In the centre of each circle was a Plexiglas rod with a small hole in the middle in which we put sugar water, salt water or nothing. Behind each hole there were slits so that squares of coloured gel filters could be slotted in, making the light shining through each hole coloured. It was like putting a piece of coloured see-through paper on a light to let the colour of the paper shine through.
(b) The bees
The bees had black and yellow stripes with white bottoms. The type of bee was Bombus terrestris. The beehive was delivered from Koppert (UK).
(c) Training phase 1
To teach the bees to go to the Plexiglas rods as if they were flowers, all the circles in every panel were kept white, and all the rods had sugar water in them. Once the labelled foragers learned that the flowers contained a reward, which took four days, we marked the bees, and then set up the puzzle.
(d) Marking bees
We let the foragers into the arena and turned the lights off, which made the bees stop flying (because they do not want to fly into anything). We picked the bees up with bee tweezers and put them into a pot with a lid. We then put the tube with the bees in it into the school's fridge (and made bee pie ). The bees fell asleep. Once they fell asleep, we took the bees out, one at a time, and painted little dots on them (yellow, blue, orange, blue-orange, blue-yellow, etc.). We put them into the tube and warmed them up and then let them into the arena. No bees were harmed during this procedure.
(e) Training phase 2 ('the puzzle' … duh duh duuuuhhh)
We set up a puzzle for the bees as in the following. Imagine having a panel with 16 circles, with a large square of 12 yellow circles on the outside and a small square of four blue circles in the middle. This was the case for two panels, but the other two panels were the opposite, and instead of yellow on the outside as the larger square and blue on the inside as the smaller square, we had blue on the outside and yellow on the inside. The sugar reward (1 : 1 with water) was only in the middle four flowers inside each panel of 16 flowers. Every 10–40 min, we swapped the locations of the panels around the different quadrants so that the bees could not learn the locations of the rewarding flowers. We also cleaned the Plexiglas stems so that the bees could not use scent to tell the other bees that flower had the reward. Instead they had to learn: if there was blue on the outside ring of each panel of 16 circles, then they had to go to the inner four yellow circles. If, however, there was yellow on the outside ring, then they had to go to the inner four blue circles. During the first 2 days of training, sugar water was placed only in the four middle flowers in each panel and nothing in the outside ring (so that they would get the hang of it). During the second 2 days we added salt water to the flowers in the outside rings. We did this so that they would learn not to go just to the colours, but had to learn the pattern. Otherwise they might fail the test, and it would be a disaster. After training, we tested the bees to see if they solved the puzzle.
(f) Testing the bees
We tested the bees using the same pattern of colours, but without sugar water or salt water, to see which flowers they would go to. We also moved the locations of the panels so that the layout was different from when they were just trained. We let the labelled foragers into the arena one at a time so that they would not copy each other (as humans might). We tracked their flower choices using a sheet of paper with the 64 circles marked into the four quadrants. Whenever the bees landed on a flower and stuck their tongue (proboscis) into the Plexiglas rod, we would mark the matching circle on the sheet. We marked each circle with a '1', a '2' or a '3' and so on, to track where they went to see how their behaviour might have changed with time. After a while, the bees might have got annoyed because they were not getting a reward, and might have started making mistakes or searching randomly. So we let each forager make only around 30 choices before stopping the test. Each bee was tested three times (see §3).
3. Results
After training the bees in the arena, we tested them three times to see if they had learned anything during training.
(a) Test 1 (the control)
In the first test the bees were given the same pattern we had trained them with. After training, we moved the colours of the panels clockwise once, so that the colours of the quadrants would be different for the bees, and they could not just go to the same place as last time to get a reward (see figure 1a for a hand drawing of the test). If the bees had solved the puzzle, they should land on the flowers in the middle of each quadrant and stick their tongues (proboscis) in the flower, as during training this is how they would have had a reward (during the test, they did not get a reward).
Figure 1b shows where four of the bees went during the test (unfortunately, one of the bees (called 'yellow') did not come out of the hive during this test). Each dot in figure 1b is an attempted forage. The figure shows that the bees went to the middle flowers 126 times, and to the outside flowers in the four quadrants a total of 13 times (see 'total' in figure 1c). So, out of 139 attempted forages, 90.6 per cent were to correct flowers (correct means flowers that would have had sugar water during training).
Figure 1c shows how many times each individual bee went to correct and incorrect blue and yellow flowers. We did this so that it would be clearer to see where each bee went during the test. 'Orange' (O) bee selected seven correct (middle) yellows and only one incorrect (outside) yellow. She also went to 29 correct blue and only one incorrect blue. This bee prefers blue in the middle, but also prefers yellow in the middle. This bee did extremely well, because it went to both colours at correct locations in the flowers. 'Blue/yellow' (B/Y) bee went to neither outside yellow flowers nor middle yellow flowers. Instead it went to 25 correct blue flowers (middle) and only four incorrect blue flowers (outside). So this bee preferred blue to yellow. The 'Blue/Orange' (B/O) bee went to 31 correct yellow flowers and four incorrect yellow flowers, and never went to blue flowers. The 'Blue' (B) bee went to 33 correct yellow flowers and only three incorrect yellow flowers, and selected the correct blue flowers only once. These results are shown in figure 1c. We conclude that one bee went to a mixture of colours in the correct locations, but the rest preferred one colour over the other. However, although they preferred one colour, they only went to the middle of the panel that had that colour (as this is the flower that would have had a reward). This test shows that altogether the bees solved the puzzle very well, as their choices collectively were divided between all blue and yellow rewarding flowers. We then presented the bees with two more tests to see how they solved the puzzle they were trained for.
(b) Test 2 (the first experiment)
Test 2 was very similar to test 1, except that the middle flowers in each quadrant were green. We did this to see whether the bees learned to go to the colours or to the location of the rewarding flowers during training. If the bees learned to go to the location of the rewarding flowers, then they should land on the green flowers in test 2. See figure 2a for a hand drawing of this test.
Figure 2b shows a table of the choices made by the bees during this test. In total, the bees went to the green middle flowers only 34 times, and to the outside blue and yellow flowers 76 times (see total in figure 2b). So, out of 110 attempted forages, 30.9 per cent were to the middle flowers. If the bees were guessing, they should have selected the green flowers 25 per cent of the time, which is very close to 30 per cent. So we conclude that the bees did not solve test 1 by only going to the middle flowers of each quadrant ('dah dahhh dahhhhhh'). However, two of the bees (labelled B/O and B) went most often to the green, middle flowers. So they seemed to have learned a different rule to the other three bees.
(c) Test 3 (the second experiment)
In the third test, instead of having large squares of yellow and blue around the outside of each panel, and a smaller square of yellow and blue on the inside of each panel, we took the four inside flowers and put them in the corners of each panel. See figure 3a for a hand drawing of what this test looked like. We did this because we wanted to see if the bees solved test 1 by learning during training to go to the colours of each panel that were fewest in number. We could also see if they still preferred to go only to the middle flowers. If the bees had learned to go to flowers that were fewest in each panel, then they should go to the flowers in the corners.
The table in figure 3b shows where all five bees went during the test. You can see that the bees as a group went to the corner flowers 59 times, and to the 'not-corners' 86 times (see 'total' in figure 3b). So, out of 145 attempted forages, 40.1 per cent were to the corners. This is very different from what they did in test 1. When the same flowers were not in the corners but in the middle as in test 1, they selected them 90.6 per cent of the time, which is 2.2 times more often. We think that the bees in test 3 selected the flowers randomly, and conclude that the bees did not learn to go to the flowers that had the fewest colours in each panel. Also, this time, the B and B/O bees did not prefer the middle flowers in each panel. This means that in test 2 they must have used the larger square of blue and yellow flowers to decide to forage from the middle green flowers.
4. Discussion
This experiment is important, because, as far as we know, no one in history (including adults) has done this experiment before. It tells us that bees can learn to solve puzzles (and if we are lucky we will be able to get them to do Sudoku in a couple of years' time). In this experiment, we trained bees to solve a particular puzzle. The puzzle was go to blue if surrounded by yellow, but yellow if surrounded by blue.
Test 1 showed that the bees learned to solve this puzzle. We know this because the test results showed that they mostly went to the flowers that they were supposed to go to, because those were the ones that had contained a sugar reward before. However, we also noticed that the bees solved the puzzle in different ways, and that some were more clever than others. Two bees preferred yellow and two others preferred blue flowers. The B bee was best at understanding the pattern in the first test, because it had the most correct answers compared to incorrect answers. It also went both to correct yellow and correct blue flowers, although it preferred the blue flowers.
What is important about this puzzle is that there is more than one strategy the bees could use to solve it. One strategy would be to use two rules: (i) go to the middle four flowers in each panel, and (ii) ignore the colour. Another strategy would be to go to yellow if surrounded by blue or blue if surrounded by yellow. They could also learn to avoid the surrounding flowers, and as a result only go to the middle flowers. Or they could go to the fewest number of coloured flowers in each panel. Of course they could also have chosen randomly, and they might get them right or they might get them wrong. Or they could have just gone to a colour, but then they would not have solved the whole puzzle, only half of it.
Test 2 tested whether the bees had learned to go to the middle of each panel and ignored the colour. If this was true then they should have gone to the green flowers. If they had learned to go to only middle blue and yellow flowers, then they should have gone either to the surrounding blue and yellow flowers or no flowers at all. The results tell us that three of the bees preferred to go to the colours that they had learned before, and avoided the middle green flowers. Two of the bees, however, mainly went to the middle flowers, including the B bee, which went to both correct yellow and correct blue flowers during the first (control) test. So they had learned to solve the puzzle using different rules. Test 3 also showed that one of the rules was not just to go to any middle flower, as they rarely went to the middle flowers, or to go to the flowers that had the fewest colours in each panel, because they did not prefer the corner flowers. Instead, they seemed to select the flowers at random, but funnily continued to go to their 'favourite' colour.
We conclude that bees can solve puzzles by learning complex rules, but sometimes they make mistakes. They can also work together (indirectly) to solve a puzzle. Which means that bees have personality and have their personal 'likings'. We also learned that the bees could use the 'shape' of the different patterns of individual flowers to decide which flowers to go to. So they are quite clever, because they can memorize a pattern. This might help them get more pollen from flowers by learning which flowers might be best for them without wasting energy. In real life this might mean that they collect information and remember that information when going into different fields. So if some plants die out, they can learn to find nectar in another type of flower.
Before doing these experiments we did not really think a lot about bees and how they are as smart as us. We also did not think about the fact that without bees we would not survive, because bees keep the flowers going. So it is important to understand bees. We discovered how fun it was to train bees. This is also cool because you do not get to train bees everyday. We like bees. Science is cool and fun because you get to do stuff that no one has ever done before. (Bees—seem to—think!)
We thank the whole of the Blackawton community, who truly engaged with the science research, including the George Inn—where the manuscript was written—for the free Cokes for the children (and pints for others). We thank the local parish for the use of the Norman church, where the experiments were run, and the parents for letting their children 'work' outside 'normal' school hours. Of course none of this would have happened without the innovative and enthusiastic support of the teachers of Blackawton. We are also indebted to Larry Maloney and Natalie Hempel de Ibarra for their openness to possibility and time, effort and detail in writing the commentary, as well as Dale Purves, Lars Chittka, Read Montague, Karl Friston and Geoff North (Current Biology) for their sage advice. Finally, we thank Chris Frith and Brian Charlesworth for their open-mindedness. The project was funded privately by Lottolab Studio, as the referees argued that young people cannot do real science.
- Received November 8, 2010.
- Accepted November 30, 2010.
- This Journal is © 2010 The Royal Society


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ENTRIES TAGGED "Maker"
One author's Kickstarter experience
Find your 1,000 true fans by catalyzing your 100 true believers
David Lang is working on a book project for O'Reilly called "Zero to Maker: A Re-Skilling Guide for New Makers". Like some authors these days, David is using Kickstarter to get the project off the ground. I was recently introduced to David and thought it would be good to share his Kickstarter experience with the TOC community. Here's what he had to say…


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A proposed class action lawsuit alleges that a chicken company committed false and deceptive practices by labeling its meat as "humanely raised."
Perdue Farms, the target of the complaint, claims the lawsuit was spurred by the Humane Society of the United States as a way of attacking its brands.
"The HSUS takes exception to all forms of animal agriculture and promotes a radical animal rights agenda," according to a statement from the company.
The complaint said it was filed by a consumer, Wendy Roy of Palm Bay, Fla., on behalf of other chicken buyers who were misled by the "humanely raised" labels.
Perdue Farms is trying to profit from "growing consumer awareness" of animal handling issues with a marketing scheme that exaggerates the humane treatment of its chickens, the complaint said.
The company bases its "humanely raised" claims on animal welfare guidelines developed by an industry group, the National Chicken Council, that condone "a system of mechanized brutality," the complaint said.
The guidelines "are followed by virtually every other mass chicken producer in the nation," but only "Perdue misrepresents to consumers that its chickens are raised differently, and more humanely, than competitors' chicken in this manner," the complaint said.
The lawsuit requests to be classified as a class action, which would allow other consumers to join the litigation. The complaint also asks for an injunction against the allegedly deceptive labels and restitution for consumers who have bought the chicken.
In a statement, Perdue Farms said the lawsuit falsely claims there is no difference between its welfare program and common industry practices.
The company said its practices exceed the NCC guidelines, with chickens receiving additional air quality monitoring and video monitoring of the processing plant.
"All of our chickens are raised cage-free on family farms," the statement said. "They live in temperature-controlled housing with fresh air ventilation, where they are protected from disease, predators and the elements."
The company's chickens are also able to move and "exhibit natural behaviors," with light and dark cycles meant to "ensure resting periods," the statement said.
A previous lawsuit that made similar allegations was filed more than two years ago in New Jersey and is still pending.
A federal judge dismissed some of the claims against Perdue Farms in 2011 but allowed the litigation to continue when the plaintiff filed an amended complaint.
Earlier this year, another federal judge rejected arguments by Perdue Farms that the lawsuit should be dismissed.


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Career starters at Liebherr: Interesting prospects and career progression opportunities
Once you have successfully completed your studies, Liebherr offers numerous opportunities to get started in professional life in the area of engineering and business management. Career starters can employ their skills optimally, develop them further and take responsibility from the outset.
Direct entrants: Take responsibility
"After studying mechanical engineering, I wanted to start my career at Liebherr as I have always had a fascination of excavators. "Being shown the ropes was really well arranged, so much so that I was able to work on my own quickly and can now make a contribution towards the innovative production of hydraulic excavators." Torben Handeck, Liebherr-Hydraulikbagger GmbH
Direct entrants at Liebherr soon assume responsibility for certain duties and sub-projects in our specialist and project departments. As an international Group, we also offer interesting development and career progression opportunities abroad.
As soon as your career starts, you are given a comprehensive and intensive induction into your future duties. The special professional knowledge provides individual on-the-job training.
What we expect from you
- You have successfully completed training or finished your studies at a college or university (ideally in engineering, computer science or economics).
- You are characterized by having a proactive nature, resilience and a willingness to achieve.
- You work independently or equally well as a team player.
Trainees: Career under optimal conditions
The Liebherr trainee program offers an optimal start for a long-term career at Liebherr. With on-the-job training, you work through an individual program tailored to your knowledge and skills. In this way, you learn about all facets of the company and form the basis of a specialized or managerial career for the future.
What we expect from you
- You are soon to complete your studies with above-average grades (ideally in engineering, business economics, computer science or industrial engineering).
- You have gained some preliminary professional experience by way of an internship.
- You have experience of other countries and relevant language skills.


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The Carroll County Sheriff's Office said a deputy was taken to the University of Maryland Shock Trauma on Tuesday after his patrol car collided with another vehicle on Route 140 west of Westminster.
Master Deputy Matthew Wilson, a five-year veteran of the Sheriff's Office, was traveling west on Route 140 near Mayberry Road at about 3:12 p.m. when his car collided with a Dodge RAM 1500 operated by Darian Barron, of Westminster, officials said.
The sheriff's office said its initial investigation suggested Barron was making a left turn from Mayberry Road on to eastbound Route 140 when the crash occurred.
As a result of the collision, Wilson was transported by ambulance to Shock Trauma. Barron and a passenger refused treatment at the scene, police said.
The investigation is continuing. Anyone who witnessed the collision is asked to call 410-386-2900.


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Regardless of the size or type of beef operation they run, one thing that California ranchers have in common is the quality of care these animal stewards provide for their livestock. Just like someone in the accounting industry may be good with numbers, cattle producers are good with cattle and enjoy their work. For California beef producers, ranching is a business, but more importantly, it is a way of life and ranchers do what they do because they love they outdoors and their animals. Ranchers are committed to providing the best care possible for their livestock and providing a healthy and humanely-raised product for consumers. Cattlemen and women take a great deal of pride in what they do and follow a protocol called the Cattle Producers' Code of Ethics.
California ranches consist of one or more of four types of operations: cow-calf, seed stock, stocker, and feedlot. A cow-calf operation maintains a breeding herd of cows, replacement heifers (young females) and bulls. Steer calves and most heifer calves are sold, but some may be selected to enter the breeding herd. Calves are sold at weaning (typically 205 days of age) or are retained for an additional forage production season as stockers. Climatic and management conditions dictate different calving seasons in different regions. These cattle are typically purebred British or Continental breeds or a cross of several beef breeds, known as a composite. Though the list of breeds is quite long, some of the more recognized beef cattle breeds are Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Brangus, Maine-Anjou, Simmental, Limousin. Seedstock production is a specialized cow-calf operation that produces purebred or registered cattle. The goal of seedstock production is to make genetic improvements in cattle that benefit the entire beef industry. Improvements in purebred cattle are documented through extensive records maintained by both the individual rancher and breed organizations. Seedstock are marketed as bulls and replacement females to other seedstock producers or to cow-calf producers. Cattle that are not purebred are referred to as commercial cattle. Often times, commercial cattle or registered composite cattle are bred to have the qualities of two or more breeds. Stocker operations grow steer and/or heifer calves or yearlings on rangeland or other roughage. Generally, cattle are purchased following weaning in the fall and are wintered on low quality feed until new grass can support the animals' nutritional requirements. Stocker cattle are normally marketed or transported to feedlots at the end of the grazing season when nutritional quality of the forage begins to decline. Feedlots (or feedyards) are facilities designed to meet the feed, water and care requirements of large numbers of cattle. Beef fed solely roughage feeds take longer to reach market weight and condition, and land resources in the U.S. are insufficient for a forage-based beef supply at the current level of consumer demand. Feedlots utilize abundant sources of feed grains and by-products to efficiently feed large numbers of cattle. These higher energy feed sources greatly reduce the time required to reach market weights. By feeding cattle in feedlots, finished cattle weighing 1,050 to 1,150 pounds can be marketed at 18 to 24 months of age. Most of California's feedlots are located in the lower Sacramento, San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys. Once the top cattle feeding state in the nation, California's feedlots have declined in number over the last several decades due to overregulation and the exodus of beef processing facilities from the state. Still, there are over 500,000 cattle fed on California feedlots. Something that makes California's feedlot sector unique is that many of the cattle on these operation are not traditional beef breeds. Because of California's large dairy industry, many of the steers sent to feedlots in the Golden State are of dairyherd genetics, predominantly Holstein. Though these cattle take longer to feed to slaughter weight because Holsteins are not as fleshy as beef breeds, Holstein cattle grade well and can be as high quality as traditional beef breeds. Holstein cattle make up a significant portion of U.S. beef.
There are many phrases used in today's beef industry. Marketing terms like grass-fed, corn-fed, natural and organic are just a few of these terms. While all beef provides high quality nutrition, consumers in today's world have a variety of options in selecting beef for their dinner table depending on their budget and preferences. CCA represents ranchers who raise all types of beef. To learn more about these different marketing options and what they mean to consumers, click here.


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How it works: It really is this simple!
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RRP: £229.00Where to buy
Only Seiko has mastered the challenge of generating electricity from the kinetic movement of the wearer's wrist. This electricity is stored in a self-recharging battery that needs much less frequent replacement than the conventional cell battery in a quartz watch, a major advance in "green" watchmaking.
We hope you enjoy wearing your new watch for many years to come. Your watch is a precision instrument and we recommend that it is serviced every two to five years (depending on the model). Please visit our service section to find out how to have your watch serviced and for information on battery changes and bracelet adjustments.


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Home > Prescription Glasses > LineArt > XL2080 (BR)
Size and availability
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
Free outbound and return shipping
30-day money-back guarantee
Low prices
XL2080/BR Eyewear
With these designer eyeglasses, you are always perfectly dressed. Would another colour not be a better match for your favourite outfit? Check also the other styles of XL2080in our 2017, and 2018 LineArt range.
This frame was specially designed for genuine power women. Graceful design and expressiveness are interspersed with classical chic. Eyewear is in. Full rim is extremely popular, because you feel that you get more eyeglass for your money. It is not just about their resilience, but also about the visibility of material and design, which are of the highest quality. If you have a more round or oval face, the rectangular shape creates a contrast, showing yourself in a new light. Frames made of titanium are particularly elegant. They lend the appearance a certain lightness, because they have up to 50% less weight than comparable eyewear made of other materials. They are also extremely stable, independent of the thickness of the frame. Brown is the perfect alternative for those who find black too high in contrast. Brown flatters the face unobtrusively.
Moreover, we can also provide you with the correct prescription lenses at an incredibly low price. The only thing you need to provide us with are your current dioptre values determined by your ophthalmologist. Together with our digital dispensing optician, you can choose between reasonably priced brand lenses from Germany or premium brands such as Seiko, Hoya and Rodenstock. Edel-Optics' plastic lenses have many features such as anti-reflection coating, lotus effect, cleaning coating, antistatic and hard coating at no extra charge.
Even if this LineArt is presently not in stock, it is worth ordering now, because the current price can't be beaten. If you buy at Edel-Optics you get the best price, because "in the sale" is our standard.
Don't hesitate to call us at
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RV Throughout Mexico
There are a number of articles specific to driving and RVing in Mexico. Go here to ensure you get the information you need about driving and RVing throughout this magnificent country More »
We have created a wonderful website chock full of pictures and information. Mexico-Archeology Archeological Locations throughout Mexico More »
Mexican Vehicle Insurance Get a Quote online. Click Here:
Canadian and American Vehicle insurance doesn't work in Mexico. While insurance is not mandatory – you would be crazy to risk going without. Mexican insurance can be purchased before you leave or at the border. More »
The Bells Famous Mexico Road Logs
Road Logs assist drivers as they travel down the highways. They make sure you are going in the right direction and that you know what is coming ahead. They tell you how many lanes, whether there are shoulders or lateral lanes More »
Taking a Mexico Road trip? Search no further.
Welcome – Bienvenidos
By Bill and Dorothy Bell…over 25 years of road travel in Mexico
MEXICO – On The Road In provides a comprehensive Mexico travel guide for those who want to drive by car, RV, camp and drive throughout the Baja, Pacific, Gulf Coast, and Yucatan Mexico.
First Time Driving to Mexico?
Go here to answer your questions. All you need to know about border crossings, paperwork, what to bring and all the nitty gritty details you want to make sure you know before taking the ultimate road trip through the enchanting land of Mexico.
It provides the user with easy and free access to over 400 RV, trailer parks, and camping sites and many of the country's finest golf courses and hotels through interactive maps.
Before you travel make sure you have the right car insurance or RV insurance coverage. If you have a question please contact us at [email protected]
How to travel throughout this site!
Click on any area below you wish to explore:
Buy your Vehicle Insurance from Someone You Can Trust….Not a neon sign at the side of the highway
Many people buy their vehicle insurance just before they enter Mexico. And while it might work for them, it could mean a major problem if they get into an accident. Who was that agent?
Bill and Dorothy Bell are known experts in Mexico. You have probably visited one of their acclaimed websites or heard them on radio or in the news. They are folks you can trust for solid advice and have been for 25 years.
Many thousands of snowbirds make their way annually from Canada and the US to Mexico. Many RV and many more drive to warmer destinations and sunnier climates. Some of those travelers are nervous with reports about drug cartels and have opted to stay home while others just "couldn't" winter in any other destination.Mexico road travel experts Bill and Dot Bell have been driving extensively in Mexico for 25 years and offer plenty of advice to make your road trip safer and easier. They also offer a match-making service, Travel Buddies, for people who want to drive together for security and companionship.
"For safety's sake we suggest drivers read up on the basics for Mexican driving. Don't drive at night. Get out of border areas as soon as possible. Start your drive days early," says Dot Bell. "Informed travelers are safer drivers."The Bells started the Travel Buddy service for Mexico road travelers six years ago and is free. It lists newbies, caravans as well as experienced drivers that enjoy showing new travelers the roads. "We are pleased that there are drivers that just want to share Mexico with others. It is an amazingly beautiful and diverse country," says Bell. "Travel Buddies helps build skills and gives confidence to others."To sign up for the Free Travel Buddy service, simply join Facebook and Go Here This FB board is to facilitate that travel. Please post an entry answering the following 6 questions:1) Name and a contact email2) Border you intend to cross3) Date you intend to cross4) What is your destination5) Departure City6) Any comments.Also make sure you get the valuable information on the Facebook Page called On the Road in Mexico (Go Here) You will get lots of useful information! Master Mexico Travelers mingle and give tips to newbies…Others post road conditions to help others that follow.Bill and Dorothy Bell were given the "Real Heroes of Mexico" honor. They have been writing and traveling the country for over 25 years and have visited all 31 Mexican States over a dozen times each.
Top destinations for an autumn getaway!
As the summer months draw to an end, you might think like your chance for a quick getaway is ebbing away. But just because the days are getting shorter and the temperatures will start to fall, does not mean that there aren't a whole host of fabulous destination just waiting for you to explore them. You don't have to stick to just Mexico, and if you are feeling adventurous, there are some incredible destinations a little bit further afield. Travel opens the soul and expands the mind through a plethora of new experiences and moments, and the best way to retain the memories for a lifetime is through taking photographs. Creating a travel photo book will allow you to transport yourself back to these incredible locations, months and even years after you have returned. So where should you consider visiting this autumn? Read on to find out more! Read the Entire Article


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Rybak Won't Seek 4th Term As Minneapolis Mayor
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) - Minneapolis Mayor R.T. Rybak says he won't seek a fourth term as head of Minnesota's largest city.
Rybak's announcement Thursday comes less than a year before voters in the city of almost 400,000 people pick a mayor. Several potential candidates have expressed interest in running, although some were waiting on the Democratic incumbent's plans.
The decision should ramp up speculation about Rybak's next political move. The 57-year-old has been mentioned as a possible addition to President Barack Obama's administration or a future contender for governor.
Since Rybak won the office in 2001, the city has undergone a dramatic transformation. Two major sports stadiums have been built and a third is on the way. Rybak also took a visible role in the aftermath of the Interstate 35W bridge collapse in 2007.
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved)


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NEW YORK – The well known spud, Mr. Potato Head(R), is gearing up for his first appearance in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade(R) this fall by becoming sporty. Sponsored by the United States Potato Board (USPB), famed potato is taking on the fit role as part of an initiative targeted to educate consumers about the nutritional benefits of the potato and the importance of a healthy lifestyle.
Donning sneakers, a baseball cap and carrying a water bottle, the Healthy Mr. Potato Head balloon will soar above Manhattan, smiling and waving his hand to the crowd below. This isn't the first makeover for the spud though, in 1987 the character gave up his pipe for a healthier lifestyle.
"We're excited to have Mr. Potato Head come to life in a whole new 'healthy' way at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade," said Suzanne Schneider, director of marketing for Hasbro, Inc, the company who the character is under license with. "He has been an ambassador of good will for more than 50 years and his trademark positive outlook makes him a wonderful spokespud for the United States Potato Board."
The United States Potato Board is sponsoring the Healthy Mr. Potato Head balloon in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade as part of a wider campaign geared toward increasing awareness of the powerful nutrition contained in potatoes.
"One of America's favorite toys is speaking up about his innate nutritious side and becoming Healthy Mr. Potato Head," explains Ray Meiggs, chairman of the USPB and a potato grower from North Carolina. "Potatoes are loaded with vitamin C, potassium and fiber. In keeping with the new USDA food guidance system, he's taking 'steps to a healthier you' and is sure to become a role model for us all."


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A friend tipped me off to this one the other day; it's a great song. In one line, Minchin says that he likes Christmas music, though the lyrics are "dodgy." There's lots of great religious music; there are lots of great Christmas traditions, and most of us, even atheists, have good memories from childhood Christmases. My family's Christmases weren't about Jesus much, though we all knew the stories. They were about family. True, it was an often dysfunctional family, but even dysfunctional families have a good time once in a while. Tim Minchin hits the nail on the head. You can find this song on his Youtube channel.
© 2018 Atheist Nexus. All rights reserved. Admin: The Nexus Group. Powered by


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By: Mark McGrouther, Category: Science, Date: 15 Oct 2010
This week we feature an incredible piece of research on deepsea fishes that have flexible 'necks' that lack vertebrae. Bizarre! Four new movies were loaded, a bunch of images added, and a new image gallery for triggerfishes was compiled.
Grow a backbone! Award-winning research on deepsea dragonfishes.
Clown Triggerfish at Julian Rocks
Eye-stripe Triggerfish, Sufflamen chrysopterum
Pallid Triggerfish, Sufflamen bursa
Titan Triggerfish at Agincourt Reef
Why are they called triggerfishes?
Beverley Veasey
Larval surgeonfish
Red Gurnard caught off Sydney Heads
Sharphead Perch and Australian Barred Tilefish
Collection Codes A worldwide list of Ichthyological and Herpetological collection acronyms.
Tags fishes, ichthyology, backbone,


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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – After helping lead the MIT men's track and field team to its 10th-straight New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) Championship, senior, Stephen Morton, and head coach, Halston Taylor, were honored by the conference on Tuesday. Morton was selected as the NEWMAC Men's Field Athlete of the Year while Taylor was tabbed as the Men's Coach of the Year.
Morton was the NEWMAC Champion in the long and triple jump at Saturday's meet, winning the long jump with a season-best, 23-5.25 foot jump and taking first in the triple jump with a 46-2.00 foot effort. Morton finishes his NEWMAC career as a seven-time conference champion, with a total of 11 All-Conference nods.
Taylor, who was the NEWMAC Women's Coach of the Year a year ago, collects the accolades for his work with the men's squad for the ninth time in his career. The Engineers have now won 11 titles in the league's 12-year history, all under Taylor's guidance.
MIT collected a total of 12 All-Conference honors on Saturday, including eight event wins, en route to a convincing win over second-place Springfield College. Yermie Cohen joined Morton as a multiple event winner, taking first in the 800m (1:56.29) and 1500m (3:59.32). Vladimir Sobes had an NCAA qualifying mark in the javelin, throwing past 200 feet (200-11) for the first time this season to earn First Team All-Conference honors. James Oleinik (47-0.25 feet) in the shot put and Mitchell Kelly (151-7.00 feet) in the discus were also NEWMAC Champions while Kelly was a Second Team All-Conference honoree in the shot put as well. Daniel Harper was the final event winner, taking the 5,000 meters in 15:20.65.
Tech will look to continue its success at this weekend's New England Division III Championship. The Engineers won the Indoor Championship in February and have won the Outdoor title seven times.


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The Born This Way Ball starring Lady Gaga
The woman born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta but better known by her stage name Lady Gaga on her Monster Ball Tour. Lady Gaga was born in Yonkers, New York to an Italian family consisting of an Internet mogul and business partne. She began her career singing Michael Jackson and Cyndi Lauper tunes into a plastic tape recorder. She attended the Catholic School Covent of the Sacred Heart (a school attended by both Hilton sisters) before attending early admission at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts.
The Air Canada Centre40 Bay StreetToronto, OntarioM5J 2X2


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Phone Number:310-782-0335
Mitsuwa Marketplace has 8 locations in New Jersey, Chicago and California. The Torrance mall includes a large Mitsuwa supermarket as well as a restaurant row, baked goods & confections, specialty food stores, housewares, cosmetics, books & videos and other retail. The supermarket has an extensive selection of produce, Japanese beer and sake, as well as sushi grade fresh seafood.


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Words that start with idomacromi
Found 1 words that start with idomacromi. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with idomacromi. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing idomacromi
- Scrabble
- Words With Friends
- WordHub
- Crossword


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Ben Krasnow, a mechanical and electrical engineer at Valve, has invented a cookie batter making machine to help him discover the perfect cookie recipe. The machine consists of a carousel where each station dispenses a specific ingredient for a single cookie. Using custom made software, Ben is able to tell the machine how much to dispense for each ingredient, which allows him to test up to 30 different cookie recipe in a single afternoon. I wonder if he's hiring a tester? Count me in!
Via: YouTube


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iPad EMR
John Lynn is the Founder of the HealthcareScene.com blog network which currently consists of 10 blogs containing over 8000 articles with John having written over 4000 of the articles himself. These EMR and Healthcare IT related articles have been viewed over 16 million times. John also manages Healthcare IT Central and Healthcare IT Today, the leading career Health IT job board and blog. John is co-founder of InfluentialNetworks.com and Physia.com. John is highly involved in social media, and in addition to his blogs can also be found on Twitter: @techguy and @ehrandhit and LinkedIn.
EMR and EHR has been getting a ton of traffic related to my posts on the iPad EMR. It's a really interesting discussion that I think people that love technology and EMR will enjoy. I have no doubt that the interface that the iPad is helping to promote and develop is going to have a major impact on healthcare. Not that everyone will have an iPad in healthcare, but that the technology behind it will be copied and we'll see lots of interesting documentation methods for EMR software.
Dr. Larry Nathanson, MD from BIDMC seems to disagree with me in his writeup about his experience using the iPad in an Emergency Room. However, what I found most interesting about his writeup is his comments about the challenges of the iPad.
The first was how well it will hold up in a clinical environment. The iPad doesn't seem to be the most rugged device and clinics like to abuse devices (from my experience). The second was the challenge that plagues all tablets: difficulty entering strong passwords. between the numbers, symbols and mixed case, it's harder to enter these passwords on a device like the iPad. Is biometrics the solution to that?
What do you all think about the iPad and EMR? Will we see an iPad only EMR develop into a real power player in the industry?


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Tag Clouds as Informal Presentation Tools
Yesterday I gave three talks. In the morning, I gave a relatively standard "Social Media 101" keynote at DocTrain West (thanks for having me, Scott). Anne posted her notes from that talk.
As I've said before, I like to keep my accompanying slides bullet point-free. On each slide, you either get an image, a diagram or a few words per slide. Here are my slides from yesterday's talk, which are pretty much inscrutable without, well, me.
Why do I take that approach?
- It ensures that I've written a speech or at least an outline outside of the slides. I've said this before too, but just because you've made slides doesn't mean you've written a speech.
- Images become metaphors, and metaphors are excellent teaching tools. I'm currently reading the excellent Made to Stick, and the authors are constantly reinforcing this idea.
- My slides look different from nearly everybody else's. That makes me (and hopefully my ideas) more memorable. Lots of my fellow speaker had terrific ideas, but their slides were, for the most part, banal and full of bullet points. See for yourself. Remember, your slides are your costumes, lighting and set. So do them up nice.
- I try to pick beautiful photos. They're a pleasure to look at. Even if audience members couldn't care less about my talk, at least there's something visually interesting going on.
After my talk somebody thanked me for being a bullet point-free zone.
Casual, Friendly and Open
In the afternoon, I was running a workshop on social media tools, channels and technology. It was towards the end of the last day of the conference, and I figured everybody would be a bit bored of PowerPoint presentations.
Instead, I prepared an informal, conversational session around this tag cloud:
As I explain in the talk, I'm actually cheating here. The size of the terms have no application. It's just a fun, topical way to make a list. The subtextual message is casual, friendly and open.
Sometimes I print these tag clouds out, as in the above photo. Props are usually a good thing, and it's always fun to have something to wave around.
I put this list up on the screen, and invite people to ask about any of the terms, or to tell stories about their experiences. I prepare by devising little riffs and case study on each term.
It's certainly not a particularly original or innovative approach, but I find people respond to it in a workshop or other less formal session. The tag cloud provides just enough structure to keep the conversation on track, and enables me to refocus or refresh the topic as necessary.
Plus, it's more fun for me. I get to learn more from the audience, and the randomness of it keeps me on my toes. In a way, it's a kind of rip-off of 30 Plays in 60 Minutes.
UPDATE: I wrote this post partially because James sent me these guidelines for abstract pointillism in PowerPoint.
3 Responses to "Tag Clouds as Informal Presentation Tools"
Derek K. Miller
It's about time I added a new link to my PowerPoint tips page. Thanks.
Things Are Coming Together | Canadian E-Learning Conference 2010
[…] Barefoot suggests using Tag Clouds as Informal Presentation Tools. Wordle.net is a useful site which will allow you to generate tag clouds from a variety of sources. […]
Danyel Obeirne
When I came more than to this post I can only appear at part of it, is this my net browser or the internet web site? Should I reboot?
Comments are closed.