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|2013-01-27, 17:19
|Link #2361
Socially Inept
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: Retracing my steps.....
To me that's the coolest thing about Nen in the HunterXHunter universe. You can pretty much come up with any ability you want but in the end the only thing that allows for a strong ability is the restrictions you decide to put upon it. It's all about the Nen users imagination and ability to see down the road so that they choose the right restrictions that allow for a strong hatsu but also a flexible one that works in all situations.
|2013-01-28, 16:48
|Link #2363
Join Date: Aug 2004
Age: 32
Well, the problem with that is that while the series does a pretty good job of making it feel like there are limitations and powerful abilities need to be balanced by powerful restrictions, in the end there's no hard and fast rule for it. The only limits that characters have are the limits Togashi gives them. We never see, for example, an ability that someone creates that ends up too weak to use because it has no restrictions. And even abilities without restrictions get a free pass if the character is simply powerful enough in Nen. I mean, what's the maximum force that can be exerted by Hisoka's Bungie Gum? I have no idea, and neither does anyone else. So no matter how much detail Togashi puts into the system, none of it actually limits what he can write.
So in order for fans to come up with reasonable powers, we'd just have to completely guess how many "nen points" any given restriction or ability would cost. There's no rulebook, so it's all up to GM discretion, and there is no GM.
|2013-01-28, 17:17
|Link #2364
Kamen Rider Muppeteer
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Unknown
Age: 34
Nah there were a few rules to the game. For example, no specialist abilities (specialist makes things needlessly complicated, as well as making literally anything possible).
As for how strong an ability can be, that depends on the strength of the user doesn't it? All people did was think up original powers and describe them.
|2013-01-29, 01:31
|Link #2365
Staring into your soul.
Join Date: Oct 2010
Location: At the darkness beyond time.
ailities cannot be anything you cant they are reatricted by your own distribution,but most huntesrs do come with an ability that satisfies something that is accord thwir abilities, but at this point there is nothing i can go back farthet than this.
|2013-01-29, 01:43
|Link #2366
Join Date: Aug 2004
Age: 32
Incidentally, Genthru would probably be an Emitter, right?
|2013-01-29, 02:37
|Link #2367
Kamen Rider Muppeteer
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Unknown
Age: 34
zeniselv, Greed Island itself is reason enough to believe anything is possible with enough effort.
Clarste, You're too skeptic, the game worked, other posters would judge whether or not the ability made sense, whether it was well designed, and whether it followed the rules. Gave way to some interesting abilities, although it was such a long time ago I forgot.
|2013-01-29, 02:43
|Link #2368
I disagree with you all.
Join Date: Dec 2005
It's better to look at Little Flower, his usual go-to ability. Transformation, maybe?
|2013-01-29, 03:23
|Link #2369
Join Date: Aug 2004
Age: 32
Honestly though, I think you could completely cut out Materialization though. This hasn't really been shown much in the anime yet, but it's possible for non-Materialization nen to produce non-material "objects" that don't really follow physical laws but have a shape and an appearance (I think the main difference would be that people with no awareness of nen at all can still see materialized objects, because they're real in a different sense). I mean, if the bombs were materialized then they could theoretically be removed (or if they have super-stickiness as a trait then the clothes they're stuck to could be removed). Instead, they're stuck to the "person" and as far as we see no one even tries to take them off or cut their arm off in desperation or anything. We can assume that they're nen-objects attached to the aura of the target. And in fact are controlled by the person they're stuck to, through their heartbeat (negating the need for any Manipulation).
Given that, and the Transformation-esque nature of making your aura explosive, I actually now wonder if he's Reinforcement (leaning towards Emission). As Wing explained way back and Biscuit recently showed us a graph of, there isn't much merit in using categories more than one step away, but on the other hand you should "minor" in those categories to optimize your growth. This is partly why Transmuters like Hisoka and the Zoldicks are also so strong physically and why Reinforcers like Nobunaga use Transmutation-esque techniques like En. Assumign Genthru is an intelligent nen-user who knew all this stuff when coming up with his ability, it would make sense for a Reinforcer to come up with something that requires both Emission and Transmutation but ultimately just makes a big bang.
|2013-01-29, 11:17
|Link #2370
Kamen Rider Muppeteer
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Unknown
Age: 34
If I recall correctly, Genthru is an emitter by nature, which is indeed on the opposite end of the spectrum of conjurers. So while a part of his ability involves something he's not naturally inclined to, the bulk of his ability involves emitter-type nen (explosions). Just the actual bombs which are materialised when he touches his target (and subsequently made invisible with in) involve a conjurer-type nen.
|2013-02-03, 07:15
|Link #2372
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2011
So the phantom troupe arrive on Greed Island by boat.
Looks like it really is a real island.
I like that Razor guy. He seems very strong.
The spell card he used was pretty cool too.
Gon still training. Killua went back to the real world.
So they know about the Bomber now as well.
|2013-02-03, 09:08
|Link #2373
Kamen Rider Muppeteer
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Unknown
Age: 34
We get a first peek of Razor, one of the Game Masters. Apparently he deals with aspects of the game that involve Emitter type nen. Which means he probably invented most of the spell cards that deal with transportation, including the Eliminate card, which can only be used by a Game Master.
We also learn that the plays the part of a Boss in the game itself.
Then there's the part I've been waiting for. Gon giving shape to his special ability. Yeah it's childish, and pretty basic, but it's also very amusing, and fits Gon's character like a glove. Going with the three hands of rock-paper-scissors, "Rock" is a strong punch attack, "Scissors" is a slashing attack, and "Paper" is a ranged attack, building on Gon's primary and secondary abilities as an enhancer, transmuter, and emitter, respectively.
Just a question for people here. Would referring to the technique by name be considered a spoiler, considering that we now know what it does?
|2013-02-03, 09:40
|Link #2375
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2008
Furthermore, you can see in the anime the trace of the explosion of little flower on his own hand(and in the manga, we know there is powder and it's a materialized ability).
Genthru being able to use Bombs that are emitted from far, far away is simple: that's what all his conditions are about. Also, keep in mind that Kurapika can do the same- once the object is 'placed', he no longer needs the red eyes to keep it in place.
|2013-02-03, 10:08
|Link #2376
Kamen Rider Muppeteer
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Unknown
Age: 34
Oh, he's a conjurer? For some reason I though he was an emitter.
Little Flower can just as easily be a conjurer ability though, if you conjure an exploding substance, so there's no contradiction there. The nen system is just flexible like that. You can oftentimes achieve similar results by completely different means.
Conditions allow for conjured objects to persist near-indefinitely even when the conjurer is on the other side of the world. This literally happens all the time. In this case, the condition is a very transparent and possible escape-clause. In any time in fiction, for as old as fiction exists, escape-clauses are often used in powerful spells for the express purpose of making them as powerful as they are (save for the escape-clause).
|2013-02-03, 11:10
|Link #2377
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2008
Countdown is, truly, a blackmail ability.
|2013-02-03, 12:53
|Link #2379
I disagree with you all.
Join Date: Dec 2005
I wonder if explaining things over the phone would work?
|2013-02-03, 14:45
|Link #2380
One-Eyed Dragon
Join Date: Sep 2010
Location: NJ, USA
Nice Gon is getting close to creating his special attacks now. Good thing they showed Killua leaving and meeting up with those guys that help get you to the exam location. Was wondering if Killua would ever became hunter and glad they showed him going to retake the exam. That guy that removed the bomb had a cool ability.
|action, shounen
|Thread Tools

subset: commoncrawl


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The discos are sometimes small, because they are in historic buildings winding in mazes and in small irregular rooms. Following new musical trends, clubbing and current music. A great number of the best Italian dj's have always spent many evenings in Florence.
In some cases they are real temples of the Made in Italy fashion: teenagers have a true cult for discos and love showing their latest trendy look.
The centre of Florence is full of small nightclubs mainly frequented by young Americans and Spanish students.
Space Electronic - Also in the historic centre Space Electronic, in via Palazzuolo (near Piazza Santa Maria Novella) frequented by young people on Sunday afternoon and older clients in the evening. Karaoke switches to disco music and viceversa. It is located on multiple floors. Fantastic evenings are dedicated to Hip Hop and R & B.
Yab - Newest disco in the historic centre of Florence, still frequented by Florentine people (despite the difficulty of finding car park) is the Yab. Famous for its hip hop evenings, it also hosts themed parades and glamour events. It's besides Piazza Strozzi and the Odeon cinema.
The most popular discos loved by Florentine youth are all out of the city centre.
Central Park - The historic disco of Florence is the Central Park, at the beginning of the Cascine park. It offers the best during the summer when installations and dance floors for dancing the different music are created in the garden.
Costes - Moving towards the North of Florence, in the industrial area of Osmannoro, is the Costes: a nightclub that opened a few years back but already has a growing number of local clients. It also has another disco on the Tuscan coast, in Versilia.
Tenax - The temple of house music, and "THE" disco trend in Florence (for both international dj who pass by here and also for the clients look)is the Tenax. Located outside Florence, in the Peretola area, but it's absolutely worth visiting on Saturday. In some periods there are free shuttle buses from downtown Florence.
Otel & Boston T - In the opposite direction, towards south Florence, two recent nightspots offering dinner + disco are much loved by the Florentines, these are Otel Ristotheatre and Boston T. The first in via G. della Chiesa,, in front of the Virgin gym, specializes in dinners with entertainment (cabaret and dancers) followed by disco. The Boston T is a nightspot in Viale Europa. It is smaller, and after aperitif and dinner it turns into a dancing club open until the early hours.


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Pages: 1
I'm using Puppy Precise 5.7.1 32bit with XFEC 4.8/10 (because though the XFCE info box says its 4.10, the XFCE files in Puppy Package Manager say they're all 4.8.)
My trash basket icon hasn't appeared on my Xfce desktop since I re-installed it after a crash. Also I can't get any other mounted disk icons to appear either.
Added FYI: When I log into Puppy I'm given a panel choice to select a Xfce session or quit and go on to a JWM session which has all normal fully functioning icons including trash and mounted drives. (FYI in case, I have Swapicons installed my JWM side). When I log into Xfce session instead I'm missing all icons except Home and System. So when I run in JWM mode I have a healthy trash icon. It's Xfce that doesn't recreate a desktop trash icon even though I've moved folders on the desktop as people recommended. Some suggest that drag /root/.local/share/Trash to the desktop as /root/Desktop/Trash but that looks like it just creates a standard folder not a trash can icon and how do I know whether by moving it so kills its property as a real trash icon? Or is it safer to create a link icon from /root/.local/share/Trash to the desktop so I don't screw up any sensitive configurations?
I have no running samples of a proper XFCE "directory structure" to go by to see what trash/desktop icons or files are supposed to be where and what shouldn't. Or maybe more fundamental, can JWM and Xfce coexist with both having normal trash icons/folders or does JWM somehow inhibit Xfce from having such?
Any hints would be most appreciated/
Jim in NYC
Have you gone to Desktop Settings and checked the tab marked Icons?
Registered Linux user #470359
Permanently recovered BOFH
Any advice in this post is worth exactly what you paid for it.
Pages: 1


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text:
Adam Lambert Gets Filthy on Set of 'Never Close Our Eyes' Video
Adam Lambert may be known as 'Glambert' thanks to his fabulous hair and makeup artist-like savvy when it comes to applying eyeliner, but that doesn't mean that the singer can't or won't get down and dirty. In this image, from what we think is the set of his 'Never Close Our Eyes' video, Lambert deftly demostrates this ability. He's all sorts of filthy and dressed down.
Lambert tweeted the image writing, "Rebels on the run. 'it only gets better if we want it to," a play on a line from 'Never Close Our Eyes.' He's shed his signature uniform of all black, which usually consists of something constructed of leather, in favor of gray duds.
Lambert is surrounded by a crew of similarly dressed and dirty folks, making us think they are his back up dancers. They are a bit grimier than Glambert — okay, maybe we should call him Lambert since he's not all glammed out or dolled up in this image.
The singer did tweet that he was filming a new video on May 1, posting: "Music Video shoot today!!! Woohoo." So we're piecing the info together about this shot through process of elimination.
We will say that Adam Lambert is one of the few dudes out there who can get filthy and still look faboo.
Lambert's 'Trespassing' lands on May 15.


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Kevin McCarthy's varied background in recycling gives him an interesting outlook on where the industry is heading.
McCarthy first appeared on AMM's radar in 2003, when he was director of electronics recycling at Recycle America, a unit of trash giant Waste Management Inc. McCarthy's earlier Waste Management work had included four years running a California transfer station, expanding its recycling, and a stint as regional manager for a network of material recovery facilities. Now he's executive director of the South Bayside Waste Management Authority near San Francisco, with projects including a $46-million processing and transfer facility and franchised home pickup of hazardous items and defunct electronics.
With an assortment of vantage points dating back to 1989, how does the 45-year-old McCarthy assess the state of play?
Upside Technology gains, with equipment increasingly able to pull scrap from the municipal waste stream. Downside He's a skeptic on the "producer responsibility" path to electronics recycling, believing that the frequent bypassing of local scrap processors associated with the approach leads to unnecessary costs.
"Can a company that isn't based in this country tell Minnesota or other states that they know exactly what's best for collecting and processing this material? Old friends in the e-waste business tell me these manufacturers run the material out of state to other processors. You may be putting local recyclers out of business if you shove all the responsibility back on the manufacturers."
And even when computer and television makers do defer to locally savvy organizations, it's sometimes by committing themselves to a nationwide parent. An example is McCarthy's former employer, Waste Management, which coordinates U.S. recycling for the brands owned by LG Corp. and Sony Corp.
McCarthy would prefer that the end-of-life cost of discarded electronics be borne, in advance, by buyers of new products. Equipment producers, even if they write the checks for recycling, will be getting the money from higher price tags, not from narrowed profit margins. Lawmakers "know darn well that Panasonic or Sharp or Apple is eventually going to pass those costs back to the consumer. But it's easier to vote for that than to vote for an explicit tax or fee on a product," McCarthy argued.
On the positive side of the ledger, McCarthy is gratified by the advances made in sorting in recent years.
At first, the goal was to handle mixed recyclables. Now those design principles are being further tinkered to detect and divert various materials in the commingled waste stream. Scattered examples exist in California, the upper Midwest and some mid-Atlantic states.
"It's like walking into a world-class manufacturing operation," McCarthy said. "There's optical systems that can be set up to sort out different types of plastics. There are all different shapes and sizes of screens that sort out, based on size and dimensions, different commodities from the waste stream. Through trial and error, in the past 20 years people have figured out the different screen sizes and angles of screening. Put that together with optical technology and the traditional recovery of metals, and you can put MSW (municipal solid waste) through these systems. The throughput and productivity of these plants is so much ahead of where we were even five years ago."
Eventually, McCarthy believes, sophisticated sorting of waste streams will lead to new types of waste-to-energy systems that won't resemble incineration.
"You're seeing companies out there that want to segregate portions of MSW and use it as feedstock for anaerobic digestion and some other technologies, as opposed to mass burning. We're starting to see a wave of conversion technologies out there," he said. "The organics are are probably the single-largest component of the waste stream. If we're meaningfully going to achieve a national recycling level above 50 percent and start to reach beyond that—which people have aspirations for—we've got to figure out how to manage these organics at a reasonable price point.
We don't want some $25-million or $50-million high-tech plant that looks like an oil and gas refinery. In the next couple of years I think we're going to get close to what it costs to dispose of organic waste today. We're going to be able to convert organics into energy."
The hangover from the economic slump is going to require careful targeting of recyclables, McCarthy said. "If the economics don't work for a particular material, then you have to ask whether we should be keeping it in the program.
In California, we're blessed with export markets for metals and fiber. We have a large glass recovery infrastructure, with a large demand pull from (E. & J.) Gallo (Winery) for the bottles that they produce. It's the same with Coors (Brewing Co.) in Colorado. But many other states don't have a local glass market. It becomes a tough sell there."
Recycling isn't going to pay its full fare across the entire materials spectrum. "Collectively, it's a net cost business. If you set up your own processing station, even if it costs you $20 or $30 a (short) ton, you're saving money from what it would have cost to send it to landfill," McCarthy said.
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How long does it take to get my lab test results?
Typically, you'll receive your lab results within 7-10 business days of the date of your test. After your test, your labs will be processed through a third-party facility. Once returned to us, we will email the test results to you, along with our interpretation of the report and advice on next steps.


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A longtime American Airlines flight attendant said the company threatened to fire him on Friday over parody videos poking fun at company executives that he posted to YouTube.
"You know what? It gave everybody at American a laugh that we so needed," said Gailen David, of Miami, who has worked for American for 24 years.
In one of the videos, "Aluminum Lady" -- a parody of the movie "Iron Lady," about former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher -- he dressed as a female executive and held a toy airplane.
"We can run each one of these aircraft with about three less flight attendants," he joked. "It looks like it's perfectly doable."
In another video, he posed as an actual American executive and mocked a recent letter that she wrote to employees.
"I thought, 'You know what? I'm going to dress up and get in front of a camera and read this letter how they really meant it," he said.
American declared bankruptcy in November and announced this month that it planned to cut 2,300 flight attendants.
David said his bosses demanded that he remove the videos and summoned him to a disciplinary meeting on Friday that he did not attend.
"I'm not taking them down because too many people are enjoying them right now," he said.
He said his supervisor told him he would be fired for insubordination if he didn't go to the meeting, but he had not received official word he had been terminated.
In a written statement, company spokesman Bruce Hicks said David's videos crossed a line.
"We expect our employees to treat one another with respect," he said. "While we recognize our employees' right to express their viewpoints, we have a zero-tolerance policy when it comes to attacking or harassing other employees."
David said he has received an overwhelmingly positive response from co-workers.
"I have to do what I have to do," he said. "They may fire me for it, and that's going to be OK."
The American Association of Flight Attendants is supporting him.
"Anybody who can get us to smile under these circumstances, I applaud," said Laura Glading, union president. "American has completely overreacted. We support Gailen."
David said he figures he would lose his job in the airline's bankruptcy whether or not he posted the videos.
"We all have tried to deliver such great customer service," he said. "And in return, it feels like we keep getting kicked in the gut, so this was a time for me to do something to make us all laugh for a change and really say what needed to be said."
|American Airlines Bankruptcy:
Find complete coverage of the American Airlines bankruptcy proceedings, expert analysis and impact to customers and the local economy in our special section. Click here for more.


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text:
11AA Football All-State Team Named
Pierre knocked off Watertown in the 11AA state football championship a few weeks ago, and on Wednesday, both teams dominated again.
The 11AA All-State teams were announced, and the Governors and Arrows led the way for most players on the team. Pierre had eight players, while Watertown had seven players on the team.
Pierre: quarterback Alex Gray, wide receiver Austin Christopherson, tight end Shay Reinke, tackle Brandon Swenson, guard Kyle Veitz, defensive end Trace Scott, defensive end Ethan Case, and kicker Garrett Pochop. Lineman Graham Pondexter was an honorable mention.
Watertown: running back Shay Bratland, guard Kolton Michalski, center Lucas Kobat, linebacker Mitch Koehn, defensive back Jess Poppen, and punter Trevor Jutting. Lineman Harrison Jones and linebacker Joe Foley were honorable mentions.
Harrisburg: running back Jonathan Kabambi, defensive tackle Vasiliy Stefanyuk, and linebacker Adam Holmstrom. Linebacker Cody Cook and running back Christion Trainor were honorable mentions.
Brookings: linebacker Cody Shepardson, and defensive back Tyler Madler.
Yankton: wide receiver J.J. Hejna, and special teams player Tanner Termansen.
Huron: fullback Tyler Kleinsasser, and defensive tackle Aric Birkeland.
Mitchell: defensive back Matt Larson.


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Mischief Reported
A fiber-optic cable along Pleasant Ridge Road belonging to CenturyLink was damaged at 9 p.m. on Monday, August 26. The cable, state police said, was damaged by shotgun pellets. Anyone with additional information concerning this case is urged to call state police Trooper Hoover at 717- 485-3131.
Two Accused In Harassment
Two McConnellsburg residents face charges of harassment in connection with a domestic dispute at 648 Lincoln Way East in Mc- Connellsburg Borough.
According to state police reports, a 40-year-old female was involved in a verbal dispute with 19-year-old Jason Richard Rodriguez between 7 p.m. and 11:30 p.m. on Monday, August 26. During the argument, police allege Rodriguez grabbed and twisted the woman's wrist.
Troy James Knepper, 43, then became involved in the argument with the female victim and is accused of striking her in the face and pushing her, police added. Both Knepper and Rodriguez have been charged through the office of Magisterial District Judge Wendy Mellott.
Vehicle Rear-Ended
A Hustontown woman escaped injury when her 2008 Chevrolet Equinox was struck from behind as she attempted to make a righthand turn into the Hustontown Firehall.
State police reported that when the Equinox driven by Barbara M. Smith, 22, of Hustontown, was rearended at 1:02 p.m. on Saturday, August 24, by a 2005 Chevrolet Cavalier operated by Cody A. Guyer, 22, of Robertsdale, it spun into the firehall's parking lot.
Guyer's car was towed from the scene. Neither driver was injured and both were using a seat belt.
State police said Guyer will be charged with careless driving.
Fort Loudon Man Arrested For DUI
A Fort Loudon man was arrested over the weekend for driving under the influence of alcohol following a traffic stop along Aughwick Road.
According to state police, 59-year-old Richard Thomas Foy was pulled over by troopers at Cowans Gap State Park for a 6:56 p.m. traffic violation on Sunday, August 25. Charges against Foy have been filed through Magisterial District Judge Wendy Mellott.
Woman Accused Of Harassment
Pennsylvania State Police in McConnellsburg have accused a 27-year- old Mc- Connellsburg woman of harassment. Police said the woman, who was not identified in reports, was involved in an argument on Tuesday, August 20, that turned physical. Victim in the 3:40 p.m. incident at the Cardinal Glenn Apartments is a 21- year-old woman, also from McConnellsburg.
Hit-and-Run Investigated
State police in McConnellsburg investigated a hitand run accident along Lincoln Way East in McConnellsburg Borough on Monday, August 26. State police said an eastbound vehicle struck the driver's side mirror and front corner of a legally parked 2002 Ford Windstar at 3:45 p.m. The unknown vehicle continued eastbound without stopping. Anyone with further information pertinent to this accident should contact state police Trooper Barnett at 717-485-3131.
Trespassing Observed
A 61-year-old Warfordsburg area man told state police investigators he observed an individual riding an all-terrain vehicle on his Bethel Township property The trespassing reportedly occurred at 5:38 p.m. on August 5 on the 2000 block of Pleasant Grove Road. The property is posted with "no trespassing" signs.
Woman Accused Of Mischief
A Franklin County, Pa., woman has been charged with criminal mischief through the office of Magisterial District Judge Wendy Mellott.
State police in Mc- Connellsburg charged Ebony Nicole Davis, 32, with mischief after she was involved in an argument in the Sheetz parking lot on Saturday, August 17. Davis is accused of kicking the driver's side door of a vehicle belonging to a 30-year-old male, also from Chambersburg, between 8 p.m. and 8:30 p.m.
Post Damaged
Officials with Bi-Valley Girls Softball of McConnellsburg reported to state police a 4-foot fiberglass post used for outfield fencing was damaged at Lions Club Park on Wednesday, August 14. Anyone having further information concerning this act of criminal mischief should contact state police Trooper Carper at 717-485-3131.
Two Charged In Harassment
Pennsylvania State Police in McConnellsburg have filed harassment and criminal mischief charges in connection with an incident at 1065 Black Oak Road on Sunday, August 18.
Reports indicate Samantha M. Bianco, 22, of Martinsburg, W.Va., and Shannon D. Marshall, 27, of Warfordsburg, were involved in an 7:48 p.m. altercation. The duo are accused of striking one another, and Marshall allegedly slashed the rear tire of Bianco's vehicle. Charges were filed through Magisterial District Judge Tamela Heming.
Threats Made
McConnellsburg resident William Vincent Swisher has been accused by state police of harassment after threats were made against a Fulton County woman. State police alleged Swisher threatened to harm the victim on Friday, August 16. Charges of harassment have been filed through Magisterial District Judge Wendy Mellott.
Underage Drinker Found
A 20-year-old man was found by family in an unresponsive state and flown to Conemaugh Hospital in Johnstown on Sunday, August 18.
Pennsylvania State Police in McConnellsburg said the man was given alcohol, passed out and was unable to be awakened. The suspect, who supplied the alcohol, reportedly drove the man to his residence and left him there without rendering aid. The man was later found by his family.
State police reported that a suspect has been identified, and the investigation into the case continues.
Toilet Thrown Onto Road
A toilet was thrown onto or across Great Cove Road at the intersection of Buckeye Drive between 10 p.m. August 15 and 5 a.m. on August 16, state police said. Anyone with information regarding this case of mischief should contact state police Trooper Remeikas at 717- 485-3131.
McConnellsburg Man Accused Of DUI
State police have arrested a McConnellsburg man with driving under the influence of alcohol following a traffic stop in McConnellsburg Borough.
Police alleged Stuart Neal Totten was pulled over after he ran a red light at the intersection of Lincoln Way and Second Street at 5:37 a.m. on August 20. Charges against Totten will be filed through Magisterial District Judge Wendy Mellott.


text:
By RAELYNN RICARTE
News staff writer
July 22, 2006
A forensic artist has worked with a woman who was raped on June 22 to come up with a composite sketch of her attacker.
"We are hopeful this drawing will help us track the guy down," said Hood River Police Detective Stan Baker.
The suspect being sought by law enforcement officials is described as a Caucasian male who stands about 5 feet 8 inches tall with a stocky build. He is balding with mostly gray hair and is possibly unshaven with a mustache. The man could be wearing glasses with thick lenses.
Hood River Police Chief Bruce Ludwig said the man is most likely a county resident. He offered the victim a ride home from a pub along West Cascade Avenue and was driving a small blue older model car.
According to reports, instead of chauffeuring the victim home, the suspect took an alternate route and then pulled over and attacked her.
"We want women in the community to exercise caution right now — especially when they are outside at night," said Ludwig.
Anyone with information on the case is asked to call the non-emergency dispatch line at 386-2711 or Baker directly at 387-5251.
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Using DNS for REST Web Service Discovery
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The use of the REST architectural style is steadily gaining momentum for both public facing Web services and enterprise integration. However, one aspect of a service oriented architecture does not yet receive sufficient attention: Service Discovery.
In this article, I will describe how existing Web technology can be leveraged to enable Service Discovery for RESTful Web services.
Looking for a Service Discovery Solution
A client that wishes to interact with a service needs an initial URI to enter the application provided by the service. How can a client get hold of such an entry URI? There are three alternatives:
- Hard-coding or configuring the URI into the client.
- Creating a dedicated HTTP-based solution (a service registry Web application).
- Leveraging some existing service discovery mechanism.
At present, hard coding or configuring the start URI into the client seems to be the prevalent approach. However, the coupling introduced by this practice is a disadvantage because it limits the ability of the service provider to relocate the implementation or to apply certain forms of load balancing.
Providing an HTTP-based service registry by creating a dedicated Web application and associated standard media types is a viable option but should only be the last resort if no existing technology can be leveraged.
Using an existing, already deployed technology is obviously the best solution and we need not look very far to identify a large scale, ubiquitous technology that provides a suitable solution for service discovery: the Domain Name System (DNS). DNS is a distributed database primarily known for the purpose of looking up the IP-address that corresponds to a given host name but it is also used for other retrieval tasks such looking up the mail server responsible for a given domain (DNS MX records).
This article describes how to leverage standard DNS functionality for service discovery.
Service Discovery Requirements
What are the desired capabilities for a service discovery solution? The common scenario is a client that queries the discovery mechanism for a list of services that implement a certain functionality and then picks one of the returned services for interaction. Usually, the client has the intention to limit the query to some context, for example, a client might want to ask not for all shopping services, but for the shopping services at www.examplebooks.com.
We can break this apart into a list of requirements: A service discovery mechanism should enable the client to
- Obtain a list of all services of a certain kind.
- Obtain the entry URI of a specific service instance.
- Obtain additional meta data about a service.
- Specify the discovery perimeter of interest ("Show me all search engines in the domain example.org").
We'll see shortly that the existing Domain Name System supports all of these requirements. However, we must take a detour first and introduce the notion of service types to RESTful systems.
Service Types in RESTful Systems
One of the requirements of service discovery is to enable the discovery of a service based on desired capabilities. A client would typically ask for a list of services of a specific kind and then select one of the available services either based on some additional meta data or at random.
Unfortunately, the notion of service types is not yet present in the field of REST Web services and in order to enable type-based service discovery we must first introduce a means to specify service types.
What is the appropriate place to define a service type and its name? Given that the only documentation to be used in RESTful systems is the specification of media types and link relations the natural place to specify a service type is within a media type specification.
How would that work? Let's look at two practical examples concerning blogging services and search services.
Examples of Defining REST Web Service Types
Atom Publishing Protocol
The Atom Publishing Protocol specification defines a set of media types and link relations that can be used to implement a publishing interface. The original use case for the specification was weblog publishing, but the Atom Publishing Protocol can be used to create a service interface for any system that manages items and organizes them into item collections.
Defining a service type for Atom Publishing Protocol services would be as easy as specifying a name for that service type inside the Atom Publishing Protocol specification. Clients could then use that name in order to query service discovery mechanisms for services that implement the Atom Publishing Protocol. For the purpose of the article, lets define the service name _atom_http for Atom enabled services. (Do not worry about the underscore or the format now, it is a DNS convention which I'll explain later.)
The OpenSearch specification states "The OpenSearch description document format can be used to describe a search engine so that it can be used by search client applications." We need not look far to see the service type implied here: search engines. Turning that into a service type name like the one for Atom Publishing Protocol services yields something like _search_http
Adding this service type name to the OpenSearch specification would be sufficient to use this name for DNS-based service discovery.
The Domain example.org
I'll use the service types _atom_http and _search_http in a practical example system in order to illustrate the ideas discussed in this article. The diagram below shows the domain example.org. There are two hosts mars.example.org and neptune.example.org on which several Atom Publishing Protocol- and Search services are running.
On the host mars.example.org there are two Atom services that provide access to a knowledge base and a news feed. A Search service provides retrieval access to the news archive. The machine neptune.example.org hosts a couple of blogs and an associated search service provides retrieval access to the entries in the hosted blogs.
According to the stated requirements, a service discovery mechanism should be able to answer the following questions:
- Which services are there that support the Atom Publishing Protocol?
- Which services are there that support search as specified by the OpenSearch specification?
- What is the location of any given service?
- What meta data is available for any given service?
In addition, it should be possible to limit the answer to the domain example.org.
A (Very) Brief Introduction to DNS
In the early days of the Internet, host names where mapped to IP-addresses in a static file (hosts.txt) located on every host. When the number of hosts on the Internet grew updating this file became a scalability problem. DNS has been created to solve this scalability problem by decentralizing the administration of the database. Decentralized administration is achieved by delegation, which means that the owner of a certain segment of the index path (a domain) can delegate the ownership of portions of that domain to other organizations thereby also delegating administrative responsibility (and burden).
DNS is a path-indexed, distributed database that has the following major capabilities:
- Distribution - The DNS database is distributed across the many nameserver hosts of the Internet.
- Delegation - Owners of a certain segment of the index path can delegate ownership of portions of their domain.
- Typed Resource Records - DNS can associate several kinds of data records with a given domain. Resolvers specify in their queries which kind of data record they are interested in.
- Caching - In order to improve performance, DNS has built-in caching.
- Fault tolerance - DNS servers can be replicated to provide continuous service even if individual name servers are not operating.
The administrative owner of a domain operates nameservers that store information and answer DNS queries about the domain. Nameservers typically have complete information about some part(s) of the domain called zone(s).
On startup a nameserver loads the information about one ore more zones from a file (or from other nameservers) and is then able to answer queries about theses zones.
When a DNS client (a resolver) queries DNS for information about a certain domain it contacts its configured "go-to" nameserver which in turn queries other nameservers until the requested resource record has been located and is sent back to the client.
Leveraging DNS for Service Discovery
DNS can associate various kinds of so called Resource Records with a given domain. In addition to the more familiar ones like A-records (for address lookup) or MX-records (for mail server lookup) DNS defines the resource records types SRV (for service location), TXT (for arbitrary text data) and PTR (for expressing a reference to another domain). A combination of the latter three is used to provide service discovery capabilities with DNS.
SRV Resource Records
SRV Resource Records are used to express at which host and port within a zone a certain service is accessible. An SRV line in a zone configuration file looks like this:
_ldap._tcp.example.org. IN SRV 0 0 389 venus.example.org.
The configuration line above states that a service of the type _ldap is available at port 389 on the host venus.example.org.
Note: The fields filled with zero can be used for load distribution purposes and the symbolic names _tcp and _udp are a convention specified by the SRV Resource Record specification. They identify the intended protocol and are simply placed between service type and domain.
Using a resolver software like nslookup we can ask DNS for the ldap services available at example.org:
$ nslookup -q=srv _ldap._tcp.example.org. Server: xxxx Address: ip _ldap._tcp.example.org service = 0 0 389 venus.example.org.
This call to nslookup issues a DNS query for all available SRV records for _ldap._tcp.example.org. (The command line option -q=srv tells the resolver to ask specifically for SRV records)
If there were more LDAP services available, the zone configuration would look like this:
_ldap._tcp.example.org. IN SRV 0 0 389 venus.example.org. _ldap._tcp.example.org. IN SRV 0 0 389 mercury.example.org. _ldap._tcp.example.org. IN SRV 0 0 389 earth.example.org.
For this configuration the above query would yield
$ nslookup -q=srv _ldap._tcp.example.org. Server: xxxx Address: ip _ldap._tcp.example.org service = 0 0 389 venus.example.org. _ldap._tcp.example.org service = 0 0 389 mercury.example.org. _ldap._tcp.example.org service = 0 0 389 earth.example.org.
The meaning of this reply is that there are three LDAP servers in the example.com domain along with information about their location (host and port).
DNS Service Discovery (DNS-SD)
SRV records have a significant limitation regarding the stated service lookup requirements: they cannot be used to configure named instances of a service type and they only support a single service for any given host and port combination. It is, for example, not possible to configure SRV records for two search services that run in the same Web application and therefore share a common host and port. In addition, SRV records do not support the configuration of meta data for a specific service instance.
The DNS Service Discovery specification has been developed to overcome this limitation. DNS-SD combines SRV, PTR, and TXT resource records to meet all the requirements for service lookup. DNS-SD uses the three records types in the following way:
- PTR - used to map service types to named service instances.
- SRV - used to provide location and port for service instances.
- TXT - used to provide additional meta data about service instances.
Configuring the List of Service Instances - PTR Records
DNS-SD combines service type domain names with PTR records to map service type names to service instance names. This enables the retrieval of the list of all instances of a given service type.
The following zone configuration lines illustrate this idea:
# Note that all names are relative to example.org, for example, # _atom_http._tcp is really _atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp PTR KnowBase._atom_http _atom_http._tcp PTR News._atom_http._tcp _atom_http._tcp PTR JimBlog._atom_http._tcp _atom_http._tcp PTR MaryBlog._atom_http._tcp _atom_http._tcp PTR SallyBlog._atom_http._tcp _search_http._tcp PTR NewsSearch._search_http._tcp _search_http._tcp PTR BlogSearch._search._tcp
On the left hand side of each PTR line a service type domain name is given and on the right hand side a corresponding instance of that type.
DNS Service Discovery specifies the following service instance naming convention:
For example, the full instance name for Jim's Blog service would be
A query for all services of type _atom_http._tcp at example.org would now be expressed as (note the use of ptr instead of srv in the -q option):
$ nslookup -q=ptr _atom_http._tcp.example.org Server: xxxx Address: ip _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = MaryBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = SallyBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = KnowBase._atom_http.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = News._atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = JimBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org.
DNS-SD interpretes the PTR-query as a query for a list of instances of the service type specified by the lookup domain (here: _atom_http._tcp.example.org). The right hand side of the result therefore provides the retrieved service instance names.
Using the service instance names the system setup diagram of the domain example.org now looks like this:
Configuring Service Instance Data - PTR- and TXT Records
The DNS-SD specific use of PTR records enables the DNS client to obtain a list of service instances. Service instances in turn are described using SRV and TXT records. The SRV records provide information about the host and port of a given service instance and the TXT records provide additional meta data pertaining to that instance.
DNS-SD specifies a generic key-value format for TXT records (key1=val1,key2=val2,...) and defers the specification of the keys to be used with a given service type to the type's specification.
In the case of HTTP-based services such as the examples _atom_http and _search_http at least a path key is necessary to construct the entry URI of a service instance. Here is the example for Jim's Blog service:
JimBlog._atom_http._tcp SRV 0 0 80 mars.example.org. TXT path=/blogs/jim
This configuration expresses that the service instance JimBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org can be accessed on mars.example.org at port 80. The TXT record specifies a path parameter which the client must use for constructing the service's entry http-URI. The path parameter and the fact that the URI must be an http URI must be part of the specification of the service type. Hence Atom services using https would need a different service type, for example _atom_https.
Instance information about Jim'S blog service can be retrieved like this:
$ nslookup -q=any JimBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org. Server: xxxx Address: ip JimBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org service = 0 0 80 neptune.example.org. JimBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org text = "path=/blogs/jim"
From which the client can construct the entry URI of the service according to the rules defined by the service type specification. For the given example the resulting service URI would be:
The following diagram shows the service hosts mars.example.org and neptune.example.org and the nameserver host nameserver.example.org. The large text artifact shows the complete zone configuration file for example.org.
At the top there is a SOA record which indicates that this nameserver is authoritative for the given zone (SOA = "start of authority") and below that we see a couple of lines that define the nameserver (NS record) for the zone and the IP-addresses (A-record) for the hosts used in the example.
The rest of the file contains the configuration for the complete example system as discussed in detail for Jim's blog service. The configuration entries for Jim's blog service are highlighted to show how they refer to one another and eventually to the service instance on neptune.example.org.
Complete Interaction Example
I have discussed, how DNS-SD uses PTR-, SRV-, and TXT resource records to enable DNS based service discovery. To summarize, the following examples show how a complete lookup process would look like.
1. Retrieve list of Atom Publishing Protocol services at example.org.
$ nslookup -q=ptr _atom_http._tcp.example.org Server: xxxx Address: ip _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = MaryBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = SallyBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = KnowBase._atom_http.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = News._atom_http._tcp.example.org. _atom_http._tcp.example.org name = JimBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org.
2. Retrieve location and meta data of desired instance.
$ nslookup -q=any MaryBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org. Server: xxxx Address: ip MaryBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org service = 0 0 80 neptune.example.org. MaryBlog._atom_http._tcp.example.org text = "path=/blogs/mary"
3. Construct the service entry URI based on the definition of the service type _atom_http.
4. Access the service via HTTP to obtain initial application state.
$ curl http://neptune.example.org:80/blogs/mary 200 Ok Content-Type: application/atomsvc+xml <service> ... </service>
In the example shown above, the client picks any of the service instances returned by the first query. This is only appropriate if the client does not need to differentiate between the instances, for example if the services provide a lookup or transformation functionality. However, in most cases the instances will be significant to the client based on the data they operate on. In such scenarios I expect the service instance configuration to specify the desired service instance name and let the client late bind to the service based on the instance name.
Overall Advantages of Using DNS
Applying an already existing technology, especially one that has been ubiquitous for over a decade, has numerous advantages, such as:
- A wide range of well tested implementations is available, many open sourced.
- Knowledgeable developers and administrators are widely available.
- Existing ubiquitous use protects investment in the technology.
DNS itself has at least the following specific advantages:
- Reliability through replication
- Built-in caching
- Delegation of administrative responsibility and burden
- Easy to configure
- Well supported (DNS-SD is the basis of Apple's Bonjour Protocol)
Service Discovery is an essential aspect of service orientated architecture because it avoids early binding of clients to particular service instances. Removing such coupling provides greater flexibility for reconfiguration of the overall system.
Service Discovery can be easily introduced to systems of RESTful Web services by leveraging standard DNS mechanisms as specified by DNS-SD. DNS based service discovery is readily available to anyone in any system environment given the ubiquitous availability of DNS nameserver and resolver implementations.
By applying DNS to enable Service Discovery you gain the performance and reliability of an Internet technology that has been deployed successfully at global scale for over a decade.
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DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Subbu Allamaraju
Half The Answer
Dan Creswell
Of course this could be effected by hacking around with the DNS server files but that's error-prone and won't scale well (human effort/accuracy wise) as you increase the number of services in terms of e.g. deployment actions. Probably, what you'd really want to do is make use of DNS dynamic update which has it's own challenges like changes having to originate from a specific master-node (what if the master is down?).
Once past this problem steps must be taken to make sure that registered services are appropriately available at the ultimate resolved address. One can use lots of techniques for this (load balancers etc). Last challenge is service failures and relocations that can render details in DNS invalid and require some form of intervention to clean them out. Ideally one would be using something like this: files.dns-sd.org/draft-sekar-dns-ul.txt but it's only a draft at this stage.
Ironically, a lot of this is easier with straight DNS-SD on the local-link network via multicast as opposed to the wide-area/DNS based version.
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
David Dossot
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Subbu Allamaraju
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Dan Creswell
Not sure if that is the most appropriate approach as there are other application/HTTP level ways of providing such metadata. But I would let some DNS experts on comment on the implications of pushing down application-level issues to the DNS level.
Well, the DNS RFC says in respect of TXT records: "TXT RRs are used to hold descriptive text. The semantics of the text depends on the domain where it is found."
So, it's a policy choice - one which e.g. SPF (www.openspf.org/Introduction) exploits as does ZeroConf/DNS-SD. One complicating factor is that there are some practical limitations on the size of a TXT record:
files.dns-sd.org/draft-cheshire-dnsext-dns-sd.txt (see TXT Record Size)
Caching Delay
Stefan Tilkov
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Jan Algermissen
Re: Half The Answer
Jan Algermissen
Re: Caching Delay
Jan Algermissen
(I hoped you would raise your editorial remark as a comment :-) I think this can only properly be answered based on practical experience because the partitioning and time-to-live of the configuration might be very different from what is usually done for IP-to-hostname resolution. For example, with DNS-SD you can move the whole _tcp subtree on a dedicated nameserver. Maybe a real-world, enterprise DNS-administration expert reads this thread and can provide some hands-on information?
Re: Caching Delay
Jan Algermissen
I think that the I-D does not sufficiently provide for a service instance and type differentiation because it lacks the additional indirection of DNS-SD and I also think that especially caching problems related to the path information can be better solved with HTTP redirection on a per-server basis. However, it is still useful to see how others approach the discovery issue.
Re: Caching Delay
Dan Creswell
This works around the caching/ttl problem for the most part as whilst the seeds themselves can't rapidly change, the meta-data they use for redirection decisions can as it's not held in DNS. The trick is to have sufficient seeds that if a few are down, one can still make progress. Note that the number of seeds has little relation to the underlying size of the cluster running a service.
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Edward Garson
Further, this notion of 'service discovery' is a red herring. REST doesn't need service discovery, SOA doesn't either, and it doesn't work in practice. Registries in various guises (e.g. UDDI) never took off because this idea that applications would be able to dynamically discover and invoke services to produce some useful outcome has turned out to be bunk.
URIs offer the requisite level of indirection (i.e. everything required) for operations to effectively manage deployed services and for applications to consume them.
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Jan Algermissen
in REST-based systems users (human or machine) need URIs to provide to user agents to engage in an application. If such entry URIs are neither hard coded or placed in the configuration a lookup mechanism of some kind is necessary. IOW, if you argue against the need for a service discovery mechanism you are at the same time accepting to either hard code or configure URIs on the client side. While it is possible to argue that this kind of coupling is ok it is still important to be aware of it. I'd say it depends on your requirements whether you can live with it.
Suppose company A is doing some form of automated supply chain management with company B. Does A really want to hard code or configure the entry URI of B's procurement service in its own clients or would A rather do a DNS lookup for the procurement service's entry URI at company-b.com? Would B be happy to have to tell all consumer companies when they change their service URIs? I am not so sure.
Besides entry URI lookup I think that a discovery mechanism can turn out very useful for inspecting what services are available in a given domain.
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Dan Creswell
Suppose company A is doing some form of automated supply chain management with company B. Does A really want to hard code or configure the entry URI of B's procurement service in its own clients or would A rather do a DNS lookup for the procurement service's entry URI at company-b.com? Would B be happy to have to tell all consumer companies when they change their service URIs? I am not so sure.
The same argument applies to enterprises building collections of internal services. For a small number of services and a few developers, manual configuration is fine. In a system with many services, many development teams, a separate ops group and multiple test environments each with their own copies of the services things are not so easy with a significant number of configuration problems caused by human error/misunderstanding.
Certainly the problems have been bad enough at several companies I've worked for that they've been very happy to see a dynamic discovery solution designed, built and deployed by myself and others.
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Edward Garson
in REST-based systems users (human or machine) need URIs to provide to user agents to engage in an application [...] if you argue against the need for a service discovery mechanism you are at the same time accepting to either hard code or configure URIs on the client side.
There is no need for "service discovery", given the inherent properties of URIs and ROA. To "configure" the client side (as you put it), just store the entry URI externally of the system, e.g. in a database.
Consider this: from where do you get the nslookup target (the line, "nslookup -q=ptr _atom_http._tcp.example.org" above)? Another DNS lookup? (Kidding). And how was the "desired instance" (Mary's blog) identified?
You see, *something* has to be explicitly named, because we need to start somewhere. And we need to *name* that something, because we can't look for things without some *handle* to it. It cannot be "turtles all the way down", to make an obtuse reference!
The whole notion of "service discovery" -- DNS or not -- just adds an unnecessary level of indirection to a mechanism that already has a very sound one in place, in my opinion. Please correct me if I'm wrong; I'm learning too: but I'm not yet convinced.
While it is possible to argue that this kind of coupling is ok [...]
It is, because URIs are not an egregious form of coupling (far from it!).
I feel this entire discussion may be summarized as follows: *URIs express location of intent, not location of implementation*. I think that is generally a source of a lot of confusion in ROA. A URI is just a moniker, a pointer to something. It isn't the service: you aren't coupling anything.
Suppose company A is doing some form of automated supply chain management with company B. Does A really want to hard code or configure the entry URI of B's procurement service in its own clients or would A rather do a DNS lookup for the procurement service's entry URI at company-b.com? Would B be happy to have to tell all consumer companies when they change their service URIs? I am not so sure.
Cool URIs don't change; so yes, company A should be more than happy to "commit" to an entry URI from company B. And because company B "owns" the URIs that they publish, they can do anything they like with it after publication (redirect, load balance, ...).
Put another way, I don't see any situation where company B would be absolutely required to change a URI after the fact, because URIs are so tremendously flexibly interpreted.
Besides entry URI lookup I think that a discovery mechanism can turn out very useful for inspecting what services are available in a given domain.
That sounds to me like another addressable resource, not a reason to introduce "service discovery". And by "inspecting", I assume you mean "for reading by humans". My approach would be to use a web page in the first instance, before moving onto anything more ceremonious (like an Atom service document).
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Jan Algermissen
yes, cool URIs don't change, but they just might need to (company merge, change of domain name, ..) and when they do, DNS-based help would be nice. But I am mostly with you regarding the service instance name to URI lookup: it is likely that once I have the URI of the instance I'll keep it assuming that it won't change (and it shouldn't).
However, what about finding the service instance URI in the first place? Suppose I am just looking for *any* search service? How do I obtain the list of all search services in a given domain?
It would be interesting to compare a well-known URI (RFC5785) based 'service index' (e.g. using HTML and Atom) with a DNS-SD based solution.
Re: DNS already provides the necessary binding from URIs to IPs
Edward Garson
yes, cool URIs don't change, but they just might need to (company merge, change of domain name, ..)
I think this is fundamental: URIs needn't change. EVER.
In the case of a company merge, the 'old' URI entrypoints would be kept around. Similarly, a change in domain name should not obviate the old entry URI; rather, the service might gain an additional one (because of course services/resources can have multiple URIs 'pointing' to them).
A realistic scenario where a URI might change is if the company went out of business, in which case you'd be up shit's creek anyway ^_^.
and when [URIs change], DNS-based help would be nice.
As above, I don't see any forseeable situation where the service URI would be MANDATED to change. And even if it did, wouldn't it be easier to just change the entry URI in your config file or database, rather than mess around with DNS shenanigans? It's a lot of ceremony to address a problem that is very unlikely to happen.
This all reminds me somewhat of the question, "what happens if our database changes?". The short answer is "it won't", and cooking up a contingency plan is more effort than it's worth.
it is likely that once I have the URI of the instance I'll keep it assuming that it won't change (and it shouldn't).
I find it very interesting that you state "once I have the URI of the instance I'll keep it". Would that not be a strong indicator that you should just begin with the URI?
However, what about finding the service instance URI in the first place? Suppose I am just looking for *any* search service?
That's just it: I don't subscribe to this vision that we can dynamically weave services together in meaningful (i.e. profitable) ways. If you were looking for *any* search service, then by definition *any* one would do. But you aren't and never will be; the one you will pick will reflect very specific application goals. Maybe you need one with OAuth and to be billed for particular usage patterns; perhaps you need the ability to search within results; you'll require a particular SLA to be in place; and so on.
In short, there are simply too many edge cases, wrinkles and standards to choose from(!) in the context of *opaquely* consuming a service. While it is certainly a clever initiative and laudable goal (and the vision of the original SOA), dynamic service consumption is misguided, impractical and infeasible. And to the best of my knowledge, no-one is really using dynamic service discovery and invocation to the extent that was originally envisaged.
How do I obtain the list of all search services in a given domain?
Yes, exactly: there is no globally-accepted standard to do that. Atom service documents can do that in spades, but again, you can't assume the ubiquity of service documents, yet.
It would be interesting to compare a well-known URI (RFC5785) based 'service index' (e.g. using HTML and Atom) with a DNS-SD based solution."
I'm not familiar with that RFC, but it sounds interesting; thanks for that, I'll check it out.
Discovery Services Are services too
Reda Bendiar
I remember my first day in the Web, in front of Internet Explorer 2 . I was like "I want to find some cool guitar tabs, Duh!". And then a guy told me that there were "directory" *Web Sites* you can use to find other types of *Web Sites*. so he typed yahoo.com and i could find what i was looking for.
So yes there has to be a discovery service. And no, it doesn't have to be DNS or some other protocol. A directory service is well...a service. So why add a level of indirection while you can implement it in a restful way. A director service is a rest service whose resources are mainly URLs to other services.
And on the other hand as Edward says "dynamic service consumption is misguided, impractical and infeasible". The only use i could think of it is some client application that would be acombination of like feed readers, google reader for instance : You search for feeds and subscribe to them (discover service and use the service).


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Tag Archives: one-on-one
SCHOOLING? Like any parents, I put my kids to schools. Not knowing that it is not necessary the best way to educate them. I was told (by the teachers) that my kids are showing signs of attention problem and is … Continue reading
Posted in A - Z, A. Premise, C. My Regrets, D. Daily Struggles Tagged alternative learning, attention problem, classroom, education, Functional Disconnection, home-schooling program, how I wished, I can turn back time, it is not necessary, learn their lessons, little did I know, not doing well in studies, not equipped, not knowing, one-on-one, parents, school, school-like, schooling, schools, showing signs, some classmates, still not the best, students, symptoms, teacher, teachers, teaching method, the best way, to educate Leave a comment


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Laurence Freeman OSB. An excerpt from "Dearest Friends," CHRISTIAN MEDITATION: Newsletter of the World Community for Christian Meditation, Vol. 33, No. 4, Winter 2009-2010, p. 6.
There seem to me five essential aspects of the spiritual life, which for convenience I would describe briefly as these:
Understanding the scriptures. The rejection of the sacred scriptures of humanity by the closed rationalist mind is one of the worst self-inflicted wounds of our culture. It is equaled only by the contemporary heresy of literalism, as stupid in its way as the rationalist approach is blind. Recovering the spiritual taste and sense of scripture is a priority for all our educational programs, but it requires a re-stimulation of the perceptive powers needed to awaken us to them.
Participating in the Eucharist. No just "going to church" but sharing in the koinonia and fellowship of the mystical ritual that is performed there. Different churches have varying approaches to the Eucharist. And many today see all religious ritual except those that have the benefit of being novel and exotic as meaningless. But again, before the sacramental sense can be restored some interior wakening of the spiritual senses has to begin.
Mindfulness of death. Every wisdom tradition sees this as a valuable practice. It challenges our culture's endemic denial of death. This denial explains the ways that we both entertain ourselves with violence in the media and find it so hard to recognize that drawing our last breath. . . .is not failure, but may be welcomed and embraced at the right moment in our life.
Small acts of kindness. When John Main was once asked what was the best way to prepare for meditation, this was what he replied. A smile or polite gesture that we offer as we turn our attention away from ourselves to others can transform us and them in the moment. On a different scale it applies to all our work for justice and peace, for the relief of suffering or the education of the young. Whatever we do remains "small." We cannot save the whole world by anything we do. But everything we do makes a difference.
Saying the mantra. This, as John Cassian says, collects all the emotions of human nature and helps us adjust to every situation. It is a Eucharistic act because, like the Eucharist, it reveals and celebrates the real presence. It awakens a taste for scripture that can highlight the significance of any experience we are undergoing. It gets to the root of all fear, including the fear of death, because it helps us live in the present moment that includes the continuous mindfulness of death. Death and resurrection are of the moment. Finally, it is an act of the purest kindness to ourselves. And by making us feel better about ourselves, it frees and fuels us to love others.
Perhaps it is stories rather than the more prosaic kinds of statements of this letter which instruct us most usefully. . . .But tradition is composed both of story and the endless reflection and commentary on the narrative. And we need tradition to give context and assistance for the long spiritual journey that is each life. When the Magi came with their gifts to the newborn messiah and fell on their knees they represent the beginning of the slow subjection of magic to wisdom in human culture. But in the same story, we see ourselves as travelers from afar, and we return to the path we have found with greater gratitude and wonder.
After meditation: from "The Joy of the Saints," noted in The Fire of Silence and Stillness: An Anthology of Quotations for the Spiritual Journey, ed. Paul Harris (Springfield, IL: Templegate, 1996), p. 150.
Sarapion the Sindonite travelled once on a pilgrimage to Rome. Here he was told of a celebrated recluse, a woman who lived always in one small room, never going out. Skeptical about her way of life---for he himself was a great wanderer---Sarapion called on her and asked, "Why are you sitting here?" To which she replied, "I am not sitting; I am on a journey."
Carla Cooper - firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Bayou Country Children's Museum isn't open for business, but it has received its first shipment of exhibit equipment, hosted a five-week summer camp series and invited local teachers for a tour.
The Bayou Country Children's Museum isn't open for business, but it has received its first shipment of exhibit equipment, hosted a five-week summer camp series and invited local teachers for a tour.
The museum at 211 Rue Betancourt in Thibodaux is a "14-year dream" that is finally a reality, said Executive Director Christy Naquin. The $3.4 million, 12,700-square foot museum is set to hold its grand opening Sept. 28.
"When people come in, they say 'Wow' as soon as they round the corner," Naquin said of the gallery room, which is in the process of being filled. "I can't wait to hear more 'Wows.' With 40 exhibits, there will be a lot of them."
A few excited gasps were heard Wednesday from people like Board of Directors President Kathleen Gros when pieces of a shrimp boat were moved into the space for the Louisiana seafood industry exhibit.
"This has all been just paper for so long," Gros said, leaving the room to check out the next addition.
The boat was part of the first shipment of exhibit items the museum has received, Naquin said.
It joined two items already in the gallery: a towering green John Deere sugar cane harvester, part of the sugar cane exhibit, and the framework for Safetyville, an exhibit that will teach fire and severe storm safety.
The rest of the exhibit equipment will be shipped and constructed within the next few weeks, she said. The museum hopes to have everything in place by late August.
But even with the main room under construction, the museum staff has moved forward with its first lineup of activities.
"When we moved in, it was so quiet it was almost lonely," Naquin said. "We decided that even though it's not totally ready, it doesn't mean we can't have things to do."
Starting June 10, the museum staff kicked off a five-week summer day camp series for children ages 5 to 12, said Missy Loupe, education and program coordinator.
Participants had the option to register for as many weeks as they wanted, she said. The enrollment was capped at 50 participants, and the camps have been full for the last two weeks.
Each camp has hosted a different theme, including travel, safety, fitness and Louisiana culture. This week's camp, the final one in the series, is food themed.
On Wednesday, students made root beer floats and learned about buoyancy, Loupe said. Four groups, divided by age, did four activities on the topic "sink or float."
At one of the activity stations, children decorated and constructed paper boats to race in a tub of water.
Matthew Ledet, 11, said he was having fun learning about the density of different items. Ledet, who had already completed two other activities, said he was excited to see if his boat would win the race.
Naquin said it's rewarding to see the children learning and interacting in the facility.
"It's great to see their smiles and hear the pitter-patter of their feet," she said. "I can't wait until it's done and they can climb and play and learn."
The 40 exhibits will all reflect a part of Louisiana culture, from sugar cane processing to Mardi Gras to Cajun cooking, she said, and will align with the grade-level expectations and Common Core Curriculum standards set by the state education department.
Because it will aid local educators in their lessons, Loupe said she has invited all teachers in a 30-mile radius to visit the museum next week to view the museum and collect information about planning field trips. Teacher Week will run from Monday through Aug. 1, and tours will be given hourly from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
All of the summer activity makes everything feel much more real, Naquin said.
"It has taken 14 years and a lot of hard work from a lot of people to get where we are," she said. "Our culture is so unique, and we feel fortunate to preserve and promote it. People will want to learn more."


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Reading the forum on your cell phone? There's an easier way. We've enabled a Tapatalk app that makes browsing the forum a whole lot easier. Check it out in the iPhone or Android store if you don't own it already.
a full area description and routes can be found on mountain project. U should add this area to your site Al
Is there a reason for neglecting the other 11 documented climbs there? You have a very generous offer above from the FAist.
Men in Bright Lycra's FA was done By Joshua Corbett and James Dickson not Jon Garlough
Page created in 0.179 seconds with 32 queries.


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Our ability to create change with our ideas, and orchestrate it despite enormous complexity, is truly powerful. BCG's commitment to society is as important now as ever, and so is our aspiration to change the world.
—Rich Lesser, BCG president and CEO
BCG's founder, Bruce Henderson, was fond of quoting Archimedes: "Give me a lever and a place to stand and I will move the world." Today at BCG, we live Bruce's vision.
Every day, we bring the best of BCG—our business expertise and capabilities—to the organizations shaping the global economic, political, and social agendas and spearheading critical advancements in our society.
Whether we're working with our partners to mobilize shared expertise or to develop their organizational strengths and more effective solutions, these collaborations are making real progress toward solving the world's most pressing challenges.
In 2015, BCG completed approximately 300 social impact projects, collaborating with approximately 150 leading local, regional, and global organizations to increase their efficiency and effectiveness—and ultimately their impact.
In addition, over the past ten years, many current and former BCG employees have been selected to join prestigious partner communities—among them, more than 30 WEF Global Shapers, more than 20 WEF Young Global Leaders, 10 WEF Global Agenda Council members, and nearly 45 TED@BCG speakers.


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Over the past few months, we've seen attempts from adland to help kick-start our fragile economy by developing the career opportunities and skillsets among those affected the most: young people.
Bauer Media joined forces with O2 in October to create GoThinkBig, a £5 million initiative with the plan of creating 30,000 work experience placements for 14- to 25-year-olds over the next three years. The IPA, meanwhile, has been making waves at 100 companies with its nationwide, Government-backed Creative Pioneers recruitment drive.
And, this week, there was the launch of Google's "mentorship and digital skills internship" programme, Squared. Not to be confused with Google Squared, the now-defunct search product, Squared is a free, six-week scheme designed to plug the digital skills gap between graduates and the evolving needs of agencies.
'If Squared's price point remains competitive, it could empower thousands of individuals'
Google's UK managing director, Dan Cobley, tells me the strength of Squared is that, through intensive digital immersion, graduates are offered a "deep dive into up-to-the-minute developments in digital", which can then be taken back to agencies.
Launched in partnership with the IPA after a much-lauded trial last year, Google has invested in a two-year lease on a central London premises to house the programme. Over the next 24 months, 320 graduates and 1,000 agency executives will pass through the scheme, working on real briefs for real brands, with mentoring from industry experts.
However, Squared's real potential lies in Google's plans to roll out the courses online from July. If the price point remains competitive, it could empower thousands of individuals and provide the UK comms industry with a welcome injection of talent. And let's face it: Google, the digital mentor, has a nicer ring to it than Google, the tax evader; or Google, the privacy invader. This could be a win-win.Follow @DurraniMix


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Support Trinidad and Tobago and Sweden.Originally Posted by Neil Pickup
Support Trinidad and Tobago and Sweden.Originally Posted by Neil Pickup
Sreesanth said, "Next ball he was beaten and I said, 'is this the King Charles Lara? Who is this impostor, moving around nervously? I should have kept my mouth shut for the next ball - mind you, it was a length ball - Lara just pulled it over the church beyond the boundary! He is a true legend."
Support Scotland!
Why would anyone want to do that?Originally Posted by steds
Well a mate of mine at work would but he leans towards Australia as well and is a supporter of Arsenal.
But he has been here for about 28 years (still has the accent) and in typical Scottish fashion he reads the paper I buy everyday because it isn't worth him buying it and at the staff christmas party he was lapping up the free drinks at the bar.
Although my favourite football team is India, but then India are not playing in this world cup and also India does not have any chance to make it into the next football World cup as well. Maybe with the youngsters coming up, we might have a chance for the 2014 and beyond world cups, but then lets not get into discussion for that. Football is even more unpredicatable than Cricket as a sport.
In the absence of an Indian team at competitive football, by favourite team in football has been Brazil and I will be with them in this world cup.
Having a drink with the poms...Originally Posted by Neil Pickup
R.I.P Craigos, you were a champion bloke. One of the best
R.I.P Fardin 'Bob' Qayyumi
Member of the Church of the Holy Glenn McGrath
"How about you do something contstructive in this forum for once and not fill the forum with ****. You offer nothing." - theegyptian.
"There's more chance of SoC making a good post than Smith averaging 99.95." - Furball
"**** you're such a **** poster." - Furball
I think you mean 'serving a drink for the poms' - as usual.Originally Posted by Son Of Coco
Spain all the way for me I'd reckon they have a good chance this WC
Member of CW RED
Queensland-Season 7 OD Champions
Currently Managing: NSW
Rahul Dravid: A Real Legend.
Originally Posted by cricket playerOriginally Posted by AussieDominance
FIFA has already ruled that out, as we'd be in different confederacies.Originally Posted by ash chaulk
CWXI Regular - Member of CW Black
Blacks ftw
...continuing to support Croatia!Originally Posted by Neil Pickup
Jesus brings life eternal
We'll also provide the buckets and mop away the evidence of any excess consumption (let's face it, this is a given!).Originally Posted by luckyeddie
They're fans of Mel Gibson?Originally Posted by Barney Rubble
...I dunno, but I guess that I'll have to support the country of my birth.
India are just....pretty bad at footy. What can I say? They love cricket too much to spare time for footy! But I love football, so it hurts me, but...I guess I'll just go with South Korea and France. France because I do be a die-hard arsenal fan so it makes sense, and SK because I'd like to support one asian team in there.
Hiddink really is a great coach, he works wonders.
Last edited by Resha; 13-02-2006 at 08:01 AM.
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N.C. House candidate Ronnie Edwards told a small crowd of educators Monday that he will work toward getting across-the-board raises for teachers and restoring tenure's "due process" if he's elected to represent the 117th District.
N.C. House candidate Ronnie Edwards told a small crowd of educators Monday that he will work toward getting across-the-board raises for teachers and restoring tenure's "due process" if he's elected to represent the 117th District.
The group of 11 teachers that showed up at East Henderson High to ask questions of Edwards paled in comparison to the 45 educators who attended a forum with his Republican primary opponent, Rep. Chuck McGrady, two weeks earlier.
Barbara Irk, an earth science teacher who organized the question-and-answer sessions with both candidates on behalf of the Henderson County Association of Educators, said there was a good explanation for the smaller crowd.
"He hasn't made anyone mad," she said. "The people who were here two weeks ago were mad. Plus, McGrady is facing the legislature in two months and we want changes. And he's the one right now that can affect those changes in the current legislature."
A retired 30-year veteran of the N.C. Department of Motor Vehicles, Edwards said he empathized with the frustration teachers felt following a series of education and budget reforms enacted last year by the General Assembly.
Edwards said it was a mistake for the legislature to eliminate teacher's "career status," or tenure, and replace it with a limited merit pay system that only rewards 25 percent of teachers deemed worthy of a four-year contract.
"I believe all state employees ought to have due process," Edwards said. "Everybody has this misconception about tenure, that that's a guaranteed job. And it is for college professors...But tenure for teachers is just due process," so they can't be fired, moved or demoted without merit.
Edwards said merit pay for teachers is difficult to implement because "there's just so many different areas and aspects to what you teach." He questioned how legislators could devise a fair assessment of teacher performance when student growth is so subjective.
"First off, we've got to start with an across-the-board raise," he said. "Then we work out the formula of how you're going to increase teacher pay. I know you do it for the love of the game, but that doesn't feed your family."
Asked how he would pay for that, given McGrady's claim that escalating Medicaid costs prevented pay raises beyond an initial bump for starting teachers, Edwards said there's no lack of places in state government to cut wasteful spending or reallocate funds more wisely.
He cited the example of the NCDOT's Bonner Bridge project, designed to improve access to Hatteras and Ocracoke islands. "They've went through study after study (and) this has been going on since the '90s. How much money have they wasted on a bridge, just doing studies?"
Edwards also suggested money could be created for education by lowering the salaries of political appointees such as utility commissioners, who he said make $100,000 a year. Funds from the state education lottery should be dispensed on a per-student basis, he said, not partly on a county's tax rate.
Asked by Irk if he could see reinstating a half-cent sales tax directed at education that expired in 2011, Edwards replied, "Oh, I can see reinstating it, as far as the half-cent, but I wished they'd never eliminated it. It's easier to keep what you've got than to eliminate it and then try to go and get it back."
The General Assembly's move to phase out pay incentives for educators who get master's degrees was panned by several teachers as a "slap in the face" on top of cuts to teacher assistants, textbooks and class size caps.
"These changes, to me, are criminal," said Deborah Flores, who teaches first- through fifth-graders at Hillendale Elementary. "Just criminal. In what other profession are you going to say, 'Oh, master's degrees, you're not going to get anything extra for that anymore?'"
Edwards said incentives for earning master's degrees should be reinstated, along with a "step pay scale" that rewards experienced teachers for staying in Henderson County and making it "the best education system in the state, probably the South."
Richard Cagle, a chorus teacher at North Henderson High School, said when he was starting out in the profession 20 years ago, veteran teachers "who didn't get paid an extra nickel" willingly helped him learn the ropes. Now, he mentors younger teachers to pay those good deeds forward.
"When you start pulling out master's pay, you start pulling out tenure, you start pulling all these things out... that's why people are talking about going to Tennessee, or South Carolina, or Georgia to teach, somewhere where they pay their teachers better," Cagle said.
Asked by Irk what he thought of a $10 million "voucher program," which Republican lawmakers call "opportunity scholarships," Edwards said the pilot program hurts schools like Henderson County's by taking away funds and giving $4,200 per pupil to private-run schools that don't have to meet the same standards.
As of Feb. 25, when a legal challenge to the voucher program stopped it in its tracks, 5,552 students statewide had applied for the opportunity scholarships, according to the N.C. Education Assistance Authority. More than 20 requests were filed by parents from Henderson and Transylvania counties.
Edwards pointed out there is nothing in the scholarship law referencing "low-performing schools," adding the vouchers aren't sufficient to help out the low-income kids they were supposed to aid.
"Another thing I disagree about the vouchers is, what is it doing for the middle class?" he said. "Say I'm making a dollar more than their cut-off is, so I'm going to be sending my son or daughter to a public school that's getting their funds cut?"
Karol Farlow, a culinary teacher at East Henderson, said she doesn't understand why the General Assembly is undermining education when it's "the bedrock" of economic growth, locally and statewide.
"In the past, North Carolina was known for its education and we pulled in a lot of industries," she said. "It's like they're cutting their own throats and I don't understand that, because they're not putting the emphasis on education anymore. Eventually, that's going to start showing it's ugly head, but at that point, who knows where we'll be."
Edwards said it's important for teachers to vote in the May 6 Republican primary because it will likely determine who represents them in Raleigh. He said if lawmakers think it's such a great idea to reward only a quarter of state teachers with raises, "let's go down there and only keep 25 percent of our legislators."
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