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Manovan's Troll Starting Zone Guide (1-5)
This is a guide for fast leveling through Echo Isles as a Troll character. If you're another race, I recommend that you choose another guide.
Why you should use this guide:
- This guide takes into account every quest in the zone in the fastest and easiest way possible.
- This guide gives useful tips on how to handle quests and encounters.
- This guide is carefully planned out and tested to make your leveling process as fun and easy as possible.
These notes are important so that you won't get lost in the guide. If you follow the instructions accordingly, there should be no questions about what you're supposed to do next.
WoW-Pro AddOn
This guide is not yet converted to the WoW-Pro AddOn.
Color Code
- Quests
- Items
- Locations
- Quest objectives to kill
- NPCs
- Coordinates
Team Members
Project Leader/Guide Writer: Manovan
Screenshots: Manovan, zarinia
Addon Coders:
Testers: Manovan
Special thanks to: Brune, Bitsem, TotalBiscuit
The Guide!
Level 1
1. Grab [1] The Rise of the Darkspear from Jin'thala.
Go to your class trainer in the training grounds. Ortezza for hunters, Tunari for priests, Legati for rogues, Zen'Tabra for druids, Soratha for mages, Nekali for shamans, Voldreka for warlocks and Nortet for warriors.
Turn in the quest at your class trainer and accept: [1] The Basics: Hitting Things.
2. Destroy 6 Tiki Targets in the training grounds. They are voodoo-masked target dummies.
When you're done, turn the quest in to your class trainer and accept [1] A Rough Start.
Level 2
3. Go to the outskirts of the training grounds and kill Wildmane Cats for 6 Wildmane Cat Pelts. The pelts have a 100% droprate but the cats do a scary leap when they are attacked.
Go back and turn in the quest and accept [2] Proving Pit.
4. You must prove yourself to the trolls by fighting a naga in the proving pit. Talk to Darkspear Jailor to summon the naga. Defeat it and turn in the quest.
This will most likely make you reach:
Level 3
Grab your class specific quest. This will ask you to train a spell, use it a few times and then turn in the quest.
Grab [2] More Than Expected from your class trainer.
5. Go to the village to the south-east and meet up with Vol'jin who's inside the main building overlooking the sea.
Turn in [2] More Than Expected at Vol'jin. There will be a sequence at the fireplace showing you Vol'jin's argument with Garrosh Hellscream and why the trolls were kicked out from Orgrimmar. Accept the quest [2] Moraya
Go to Moraya on the other side of Darkspear Hold. Pick up [3] Crab Fishin' from Tora'jin on the way. He's outside Vol'jin's building.
Turn in [2] Moraya at Moraya and accept [2] A Troll's Truest Companion.
6. Go to Bloodtalon Shore and turn in the quest at Kijara. Accept [2] Saving The Young.
Pick up [2] Mercy For The Lost and [2] Consort of the Sea Witch from Tegashi who is standing next to Kijara.
NOTE: While doing the next few steps, kill crabs for Fresh Crawler Meat. You need 6 of them.
7. Swim north-west to Zalazane's Fall and kill 8 Corrupted Bloodtalon Raptors while using your whistle when close to the raptor babies.
NOTE: The raptors do a charge and stacks up a disease which lowers your stats. The more stacks you get, the more your stats are reduced. If they get too low, wait between battles for the disease to go away.
You may stop blowing the whistle when you have saved 12 babies.
Level 4
8. Go up the small hill in the middle of the island where you're killing raptors. Kill the naga Naj'tess and loot Naj'tess' Orb of Corruption. He does a curse called Shrink which reduces your Strength and Stamina by 1.
Go back to Bloodtalon Shore and make sure to kill the remaining crabs along the way. They are in the water.
Turn in [2] Consort of the Sea Witch and [2] Mercy For The Lost at Tegashi. Accept [3] Young And Vicious from Kijara.
9. There's a quick raptor called Swiftclaw who is running around the island. Use the lasso to capture him. Once you manage to capture him, you will automatically mount him. Keep in mind that you can't stop him and must succesfully steer him to the pens near Darkspear Hold.
Turn in [3] Young And Vicious at Moraya in Darkspear Hold. Also turn in [3] Crab Fishin' at Tora'jin.
10. A little bit of phasing has occured and the trolls are preparing for battle. Grab the quest [4] Breaking The Line from Tortunga outside Vol'jin's building.
Speak to Jornun when you're ready to go. This will automatically mount you on a raptor and take you to Spitescale Cove.
Turn in [4] Breaking The Line at Morakki who is at the entrance to the cave. He will have two new quests for you: [4] No More Mercy and [4] Territorial Fetish.
11. Go inside the cave and start placing fetishes on the spitescale banners inside the cave while killing Spitescale Naga (you need to kill 12 of them). The fetishes will actually curse the nagas and reduce their Strength and Stamina so pull the naga towards the fetishes and kill them there.
If you're lucky enough to have the awesome hero Zuni at your side, you must make sure to tag the targets he's fighting to have them count for the quest.
Level 5
Go back to Morakki at the entrance to the cave and turn in both quests when you're done. Accept [5] An Ancient Enemy.
12. Some more phasing has occured and you need to speak with Vol'jin who is now actually on the island Spitescale Cove. It's time for the climax of the starting zone. You're going to, at level 4 or 5, fight a high level boss fight together with Vol'jin! That's right!
Speak with Vol'jin when you're ready to fight. The naga you're going to kill goes by the name Zar'jira and is the avatar of the ancient naga statue that has always been on the Echo Isles.
You won't be able to fight her alone but your part in the fight will be important for the success of the quest. There's no idling here. The boss will actually always focus on the stronger NPCs, but she will summon manifestations that will attack you. By killing the manifestations, it will deal heavy damage to the boss. Your dps will also deal damage to the boss, but don't expect to easily be able to dps her down.
She will eventually enter phase 2 where she'll freeze everyone (except you). You will then have to stomp out some braziers behind the boss to break the traps. The next time this happens, the handsome hero Zuni will offer to stomp out the braziers, but will die in the process.
Vol'jin will run back to Darkspear Hold. Wait for Vanira to finish her sequence and then speak to her. She will teleport you to Darkspear Hold.
Turn in [5] An Ancient Enemy at Vol'jin. Watch the sequence in the fireplace and accept [5] Sen'jin Village.
You may now move on to Bitsem's Durotar Guide 5-12.
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Loving the new banner!
Submitted by Jiyambi on Sun, 2010-11-28 05:39.
Loving the new banner!
On a side note - Bits
Submitted by Jiyambi on Sun, 2010-11-28 20:19.
On a side note - Bits recorded and anotated a guide for the echo isles in the addon. I'm not sure it follows your guide exactly, but in the addon section you may want to direct people to that ;)
Recorder Troll Area
Submitted by Bitsem on Fri, 2010-10-22 21:02.
Let me know if I should pm this to someone.
Here's my results from the Troll Guide:
WoWPro_Leveling:RegisterGuide('Troll1', 'Durotar', 'Bitsem', '1', '5', 'Troll5', 'Horde', function()
return [[
N First Step|QID|1|N|This is the first step in your new guide. A guide must always have at least one step. Delete this one when you add your own!|
A The Rise of the Darkspear|QID|24764|M|62.43,84.53|N|From Jin'thala.|
T The Rise of the Darkspear|QID|24764|M|67.69,84.69|N|To Zen'tabra.|
A The Basics: Hitting Things|QID|24765|M|67.69,84.69|N|From Zen'tabra.|
C The Basics: Hitting Things|QID|24765|M|67.69,84.69|
L Level 2|QID|24765|LVL|2|N|You should be around level 2 by this point.|
T The Basics: Hitting Things|QID|24765|M|67.69,84.69|N|To Zen'tabra.|
A A Rough Start|QID|24767|M|67.69,84.69|N|From Zen'tabra.|
C A Rough Start|QID|24767|M|65.05,80.73|
T A Rough Start|QID|24767|M|67.61,84.62|N|To Zen'tabra.|
A Proving Pit|QID|24768|M|67.61,84.62|N|From Zen'tabra.|
C Proving Pit|QID|24768|M|67.61,83.76|
L Level 3|QID|24768|LVL|3|N|You should be around level 3 by this point.|
T Proving Pit|QID|24768|M|67.50,84.19|N|To Zen'tabra.|
A The Arts of a Druid|QID|24766|M|67.50,84.19|N|From Zen'tabra.|
C The Arts of a Druid|QID|24766|M|67.50,84.19|
T The Arts of a Druid|QID|24766|M|67.66,84.58|N|To Zen'tabra.|
A More Than Expected|QID|24769|M|67.66,84.58|N|From Zen'tabra.|
T More Than Expected|QID|24769|M|68.79,88.62|N|To Vol'jin.|
A Moraya|QID|25064|M|68.79,88.62|N|From Vol'jin.|
A Crab Fishin'|QID|25037|M|68.48,87.60|N|From Tora'jin.|
T Moraya|QID|25064|M|67.30,87.92|N|To Moraya.|
A A Troll's Truest Companion|QID|24622|M|67.30,87.92|N|From Moraya.|
C Crab Fishin'|QID|25037|M|70.34,81.01|
T Crab Fishin'|QID|25037|M|68.52,87.62|N|To Tora'jin.|
T A Troll's Truest Companion|QID|24622|M|63.33,95.33|N|To Kijara.|
A Saving the Young|QID|24623|M|63.33,95.33|N|From Kijara.|
A Mercy for the Lost|QID|24624|M|63.38,95.32|N|From Tegashi.|
A Consort of the Sea Witch|QID|24625|M|63.38,95.32|N|From Tegashi.|
L Level 4|QID|24625|LVL|4|N|You should be around level 4 by this point.|
C Consort of the Sea Witch|QID|24625|M|60.48,89.62|
C Saving the Young|QID|24623|U|52283|M|60.48,89.62|
C Mercy for the Lost|QID|24624|M|59.65,88.83|
T Saving the Young|QID|24623|M|63.37,95.19|N|To Kijara.|
T Mercy for the Lost|QID|24624|M|63.37,95.19|N|To Tegashi.|
T Consort of the Sea Witch|QID|24625|M|63.37,95.19|N|To Tegashi.|
A Young and Vicious|QID|24626|M|63.34,95.29|N|From Kijara.|
C Young and Vicious|QID|24626|U|50053|M|64.34,87.45|
T Young and Vicious|QID|24626|M|67.25,88.04|N|To Moraya.|
A Breaking the Line|QID|25035|M|67.99,88.95|N|From Tortunga.|
T Breaking the Line|QID|25035|M|67.92,74.12|N|To Morakki.|
A No More Mercy|QID|24812|M|67.92,74.12|N|From Morakki.|
A Territorial Fetish|QID|24813|M|67.92,74.12|N|From Morakki.|
C Territorial Fetish|QID|24813|U|52065|M|69.18,69.70|
L Level 5|QID|24813|LVL|5|N|You should be around level 5 by this point.|
C No More Mercy|QID|24812|M|69.52,70.08|
T No More Mercy|QID|24812|M|67.95,74.05|N|To Morakki.|
T Territorial Fetish|QID|24813|M|67.95,74.05|N|To Morakki.|
A An Ancient Enemy|QID|24814|M|67.95,74.05|N|From Morakki.|
C An Ancient Enemy|QID|24814|M|68.43,71.99|
T An Ancient Enemy|QID|24814|M|68.81,88.64|N|To Vol'jin.|
A Sen'jin Village|QID|25073|M|68.86,88.73|N|From Vol'jin.|
T Sen'jin Village|QID|25073|M|56.02,74.71|N|To Master Gadrin.|
Things I never thought I'd say...
"Don't stretch your brother's face like that!"
"Pointed sticks are NOT toys, regular sticks are fine."
Things I never thought I'd say...
"Your brother is not a dog! Get that leash off of him!"
Before heading over to Sen'jin
Submitted by zarinia on Fri, 2010-07-30 16:26.
The dialogue between Vol'jin and Thrall is now in the beta. If interested, you can find it here:
A help for the guide.
Submitted by Birger on Fri, 2010-07-23 00:08.
Hey Manovan.
If you haven't seen this video yet, it might help you finetune your guide;
oh, & keep up the good work.
Submitted by demonco on Sat, 2010-07-17 17:26.
Hey, just started converting this guide into a format for the leveling addon. Please reply if someone has started on it or something, shouldn't be too long until I have finished, just need some help with quest id's.
New formatting looks so much
Submitted by Brune on Wed, 2010-07-07 11:32.
New formatting looks so much better.
Something I didn't pick up the first time and is really so pernickety I feel a bit bad about pointing it out, but 'the cats themselves does a scary leap when they are attacked.' Ought to be 'do a scary leap'.
Looks good!
Submitted by Brune on Tue, 2010-07-06 06:50.
I know it's just the first draft, but I couldn't resist spell checking, sorry
1) Naj'tess' Orb of Corruption (http://cata.wowhead.com/item=50018) Possessive apostrophe at the end because it ends in an 's'.
2) In the antepenultimate (third last) and 4th last paragraphs, you seem to typo NPCs with a colon (NPC:s). Not sure what it is, but NPCs is just the plural of NPC (Non-Player Character)
Also, you may want to move
Submitted by Brune on Tue, 2010-07-06 06:59.
Also, you may want to move this to Cataclysm guides (http://wow-pro.com/forum/210) To go with the goblin one.
Another thing, since
Submitted by Brune on Tue, 2010-07-06 07:52.
Another thing, since TotalBiscuit was levelling a doorid, his The Rise of the Darkspear (http://cata.wowhead.com/search?q=The+Rise+of+the+Darkspear) led to Zen'Tabra, the dr00d trainer.
Other options:
Ortezza, Hunter Trainer
Tunari, Priest Trainer (Has two copies of the quest, presumably a bug/redundancy)
Legati, Rogue Trainer
Soratha, Mage Trainer
Nekali, Shaman Trainer
Nortet, Warrior Trainer
Might want to list them all once, then replace Zen'Tabra with 'Your class trainer'?
EDIT: After thinking for a bit, I presume the second instance of the priest quest is supposed to be for the warlock trainer, who is presumably not implemented.
95% sure the warlock trainer is http://cata.wowhead.com/npc=42618 Voldreka.
As far as I can tell from
Submitted by Brune on Wed, 2010-07-07 03:07.
As far as I can tell from what wowhead has so far, they're all identical, just leading to different NPCs, (however, there is a quest for each class to learn their first ability, wowhead has very few of these yet so I would recommend putting in a placeholder or ignoring them)


text: Rolando I know nothing about Lush (or Python for that matter). Here's my off-the-cuff opinion: Numbers + Clusters => Fortran One of the problems you might have using Python and Lush is interfacing to MPI. If your objective is numerical research you might want to avoid learning too much about this sort of issue. With Fortran / C / C++ you can get all the components you need off the shelf. Good luck with your research. Mark PS Your English seems pretty good to me :-) Rolando Espinoza La Fuente wrote: > Hi :) > > (my english isn't very good...) > > I'll build a basic beowulf cluster for numerical "research" (i hope), > what do you think about using python and lush for programming on the > cluster? > > Anybody has comments about lush? > > Better way (language... than C/Fortran) for programming (numerical > apps) on the cluster? > > Thanks in advance. > > PD: If you don't know about lush: > > Lush is an object-oriented programming language designed for > researchers, experimenters, and engineers interested in large-scale > numerical and graphic applications. > Lush's main features includes: > * A very clean, simple, and easy to learn Lisp-like syntax. > * A compiler that produces very efficient C code and relies > on the C compiler to produce efficient native code > (no inefficient bytecode or virtual machine) > . .... > more info: http://lush.sourceforge.net/ > -- Mark Westwood Parallel Programmer OHM Ltd The Technology Centre Offshore Technology Park Claymore Drive Aberdeen AB23 8GD United Kingdom +44 (0)870 429 6586 www.ohmsurveys.com _______________________________________________ Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf

subset: commoncrawl


text:
As the Vikings get ready to face the Packers in the wild-card round, questions persist regarding the status of Minnesota's starting quarterback.
Christian Ponder has an elbow injury. On his throwing arm. And he was limited in practice all week. And he technically is listed as questionable.
Jay Glazer of FOX reports that Ponder and the coaches will go to Lambeau Field early to see what Ponder can do before making a final decision. Glazer also reports that the players haven't been told whether Ponder or Webb will play. Webb, per Glazer, took the first-team reps in practice this week.
A source close to Ponder tells PFT that Ponder likely will play. But there's enough of a question about his status to create plenty of buzz that Joe Webb, the quarterback-turned-receiver-turned-quarterback, could get the start.
And some think the Vikings would actually have a better chance of winning with Webb.


text:
Wait for the controller to finish its current task.
When the controller is performing certain functions, for example resynching, rebuilding or reconstructing, the user is prevented from performing new tasks. Wait for the controller to finish its current task and try the operation again.
|For more information regarding using the Simplified Array Manager tool on your NAS appliance, refer to the online User's Guide located at Support Dell.
Article ID: SLN69133
Last Date Modified: 11/13/2010 12:00 AM
Thank you for your feedback.


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text:
HONESDALE - A major area drug dealer was sentenced in the Wayne County Courthouse on Thursday for three charges of delivering heroin and one charge for possession of heroin.
HONESDALE - A major area drug dealer was sentenced in the Wayne County Courthouse on Thursday for three charges of delivering heroin and one charge for possession of heroin.
John Henneforth Jr., 34, pleaded guilty to all four charges on March 8. The District Attorney's office had four cases against him for incidents that occurred on June 5, Aug. 8, Aug. 21 and Aug. 28, 2012.
There were three counts of delivery, which were considered felonies, and one count of possession of heroin that was considered a misdemeanor.
On Aug. 28, 2012 he was arrested at around 11 a.m. at 215 Terrace Street, Apt. 2, in Honesdale.
According to police, more than 400 bags of heroin and more than 20 bags of cocaine were confiscated by police. Police also seized two motorcycles, a Nissan Pathfinder, numerous items of drug paraphernalia, many devices commonly used to conceal drugs in vehicles and two flat screen televisions.
He was charged with six felonies and two misdemeanors related to the sale of heroin and cocaine in Texas and Cherry Ridge townships.
District Attorney Janine Edwards said controlled purchases were made by the Pennsylvania State Police Vice Unit and the Wayne County Drug Task Force utilizing confidential informants and undercover law enforcement officers.
On Sept. 17, 2012 Henneforth was back in court facing charges related to dealing in Honesdale Borough and Dyberry Township.
In these complaints, on two occasions in August 2012, it is alleged Henneforth sold heroin in Dyberry Township at the Wayne County Fairgrounds to a confidential informant working with undercover law enforcement officers.
The new information also alleged Henneforth sold heroin and cocaine to a confidential informant working in Honesdale Borough on two occasions.
He was arraigned before Magisterial District Justice Ted Mikulak on felony charges relating to delivery of a controlled substance.
Mikulak set bond at $250,000 for the charges filed. That is on top of the $250,000 bond which was set on the original charges from August 2012.
"My client has been remorseful and it's clear he feels guilty for what he did," said Henneforth's attorney Chris Farrell. "He realizes he's hurt not just the people he sold to but also their families. He's thankful for where he's at now. He really wants to do what's necessary to get forgiveness. He wants to serve his sentence and do what he can to get his life together."
"To the families, peers and community and most importantly to the people I hurt, I apologize for any pain I've caused," said Henneforth. "I hope to redeem myself and become a member of society again."
"It always strikes me that the public is so naïve as to how people come to deal drugs," said Judge Raymond Hamill. "They think someone is born a drug dealer and that its their whole being from the time they are born to the time they are caught, but that isn't how it is. You (Henneforth) and others are the main course that lead people to drugs."
Hamill referenced something he wrote, where Henneforth stated, "after all that happened I'm more depressed than I ever thought possible."
It went on to say that a friend offered Henneforth financial help, but that there was a catch of "100 percent interest." Henneforth wrote that would be the "moment I regretted taking the money." It was a choice he had made over continuing to try to find a job.
"More lives are ruined with opiates like heroin," said Hamill. "How can you justify giving people that kind of poison?"
Henneforth agreed that you couldn't.
"You started out with two bundles and sold them in individual bags," Hamill added. "Then you went to larger quantities. You even wrote that it was like going from bundles to bricks."
By the time Henneforth was done dealing drugs he was making "about $250" in profit weekly.
For the first charge of count 1 delivery of heroin Henneforth was sentenced to 9 months to 36 months in jail as well as getting a DNA test and paying the $250 cost, a $1,000 fine and $500 restitution with a minimum of $100 a month.
For the second charge of count 1 delivery of heroin he was sentenced to 12 months to 36 months in jail and paying a $1,000 fine. For the third charge of count 1 delivery of heroin he was sentenced to 9 months to 36 months in jail and paying a $1,000 fine.
For the fourth charge of possession of heroin he was sentenced to 1 month to 12 months in jail and a $500 fine.
Henneforth also has to pay the cost of prosecution for all four charges. His total sentence is 31 months to 120 months at the state correctional facility. He has 254 days of credit.


text: Can you all please mark these nerve-racking and childish "What do you think?" Quiz-App-Posts as Spam? It really sucks if you tell intimate and private facts of a facebook-friend to some dubious companies. This is not Facebook behind those Quiz-Apps! What would you say if some non-serious call-center company from India calls me and i tell them everything i know about you?


text:
3 Christmas Fruit Cakes - One For Everyone
We made 3 different kinds of fruit cakes today hoping to appeal to everyone -young or old – traditional or modern. They all basically shared the same basic ingredients. By varying the amounts and which ones went into the mix the cake changed drastically.
Something is really snockered
For the kids and those of all ages who hate fruitcake, one has AP flour, melted chocolate, a little more butter and dark brown sugar to go with a bit of cocoa powder, chocolate chips, a bit of baking powder, less candied, dried and snockered fruits & peels and a hlf cup of rough chopped pecan and walnut mix.
One is a little more traditional in that it has more snockered fruits and peels, some molasses, is made with half again as much flour and the flour is white whole wheat instead of AP, a little more chocolate chips, no cocoa powder and we put in some SD starter. We let this one proof on the counter for 6 hours on a heating pad before baking. This might be similar to how American's made their Christmas fruit cakes during the gold rush days around 1850.
Chocolate crumb
The third version is what copyu would call English Christmas Cake based on the recipe found here:
This version has nearly twice the fruits as the 2nd one, no nuts except those making it, the same amount of flour as the chocolate version only half of it was white whole wheat, no molasses, half the spice of the other two and no leavening whatsoever. This would be considered old school in my book. We also baked this in a round as the English have a penchant for round Christmas cakes and the other two were baked in cocktail tins.
The three things they all had it common, (and there are more like 1 egg each), was the same fruit mix, even if in various amounts, but we did put in more than twice the amount of alcohol to steep them in for 24 hours than what copyu recommends - to be more in line with how a Southern German Gal like Lucy would make. The 2nd thing they had it common was baking them at 300 F. The Chocolate took 70 minutes the Gold Rush one took 90 minutes and the English version took 120 minutes to get to 205 F on the inside.
Gold Rush
The spices included equal amounts of: cardamom, cinnamon, mace, nutmeg, ginger, allspice and cloves –our new 7 spice mix. The snockered fruits included: candied: pineapple, green and red cherries, citron, lemon and orange peel. The dried fruits included: cherries, apricots, cranberries, prunes and raisins. The fruit amount for the Chocolate was 180 g, the Gold Rush was 250 g and the English had 380 g of snockered fruits.
Gold Rush Sourdough crumb.
The snockering was doe with bourbon, dark rum, arancello, limocello, brandy and amaretto - the fumes were quite intoxicating in more ways than one! The house smelled like Christmas baking was underway due to the spices. We also zested a lemon and an orange and added the juice of an orange to the snockering liquid.
Gold rush before baking - Chocolate left and English right
Hopefully we will get to taste at least the chocolate version of these beauties soon, One, probably the English version, will be pampered well soaked in a hooch laden cotton cloth for 10 weeks in a tin and stored outdoors so that it can ripen properly. We will also prick it with a toothpick and give it extra moisture with a rum and brandy mix.
Mini Oven's Walnut Rye Bread wins 'Lucy's 2013 BBB Award' for best bread baked - this year. Here it is used for a Rembrandt Aged Gouda, brie and coto salami grilled cheese sandwich with a great salad from the pot garden and our favorite winter soup - Butternut Squash, Carrot, Corn, Smoked Sausage & Wild Rice- served with steamed veg, refried beans, black grapes, BBQ kettle chips, avocado and tomato.
Chocolate left and Gold Rush right - both are yummy!
Since I busted both Chocolate and Gold Rush tin versions Lucy decided to cut off the craggy cracked portions of each which allowed us to taste both of them. The chocolate version is tremendous - the kids of all ages will love it . The Gold Rush is more complex in flavor and you can really taste the fruits that aren't being masked by the chocolate - it could really use some aging wrapped in a rum and brandy cloth. Now, instead of giving each separate loaf away to two lucky friends, we can mix a chocolate and Gold Rush together so each person will get to taste both - instead of just one. You forget how fine a fruitcake can taste when well made at home. Sure beats Great Grandma Ester's fruit cake - or at least how I remember it 50 years later!
Red bouganvillia growing in the orange tree looks like Christmas in AZ.!
Thanks to copyu for the post, spreadsheet and inspiration for the English version that led to the other two fine taasting fruit cakes.
Gold Rush Sourdough Christmas Fruit Cake
Build 1
Multigrain SD Starter
Multigrain SD Levain
Whole Multi-grain Flour Mix
Levain % of Total
Dough Flour
White Whole Wheat
Dough Flour
Water in SD Starter
Dough Hydration
Total Flour
T. Dough Hydration
Hydration w/ Adds
Total Weight
Add - Ins
Egg (1)
Snockered Fruits
Chopped Pecans & Walnuts
Chocolate Chips
Brown Sugar
1/2 tsp of 7 spice - Gold Rush& Chocolate
1/4 tsp of 7 spice for English version
Chocolate has 1/4 tsp of baking powder Engkish has no SD or BP Chocolate has no SD Starter
Chocolate has 10 g of cocoa powder
70 g AP dough flour for Chocolate
70 g total - AP and WWW for English
160 g of liquors were used as soaker with the oarnge juice nd zests
63 g of butter for English
180 g of snockered fruit for Chocolate & 380 g for English
70 g of chocolate chips total for Chocolate version and 0 for English
65 g Brown sugar for Chocolate version


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OGDEN, Utah—It took a Utah jury just two hours to find a man guilty of killing a teenage baby sitter and dumping her body in the woods after prosecutors say he gave her a lethal dose of drugs during a night of sex that also included the man's wife.
Eric Millerberg, 38, faces up to life in prison after being convicted Friday of child abuse homicide, unlawful sexual contact with a minor, obstruction of justice and desecration of a dead body in the 2011 death of 16-year-old Alexis Rasmussen.
Sentencing was set for March 18.
During a three-day trial, prosecutors brought detectives, medical examiners, prisoners and Millerberg's wife, Dea Millerberg, to the stand to show that he recklessly injected Rasmussen with lethal doses of heroin and methamphetamine.
Prosecutors told jurors that Eric Millerberg and his wife then dumped Rasmussen's body in the woods of northern Utah and lied to police as the girl's mother desperately searched for her for more than a month.
Dea Millerberg, 40, is awaiting her own trial in April on charges of desecration of a body. She testified against her husband.
Family and friends of Rasmussen cried when the verdict was read. It was emotional for family and friends that dearly miss Rasmussen and have been waiting more than two years for this day, said Scott Rudd, the victim's uncle.
"We are extremely thrilled about it. It helps with a little closure," Rudd said. "But the fact of the matter is we still don't have Lexi."
Weber County Attorney Dee Smith said the case hit home not only with Rasmussen's family and friends, but police officers and prosecutors who worked the case since she went missing. The teenager was missing for 38 days until her body was found.
The verdict showed the jury had little doubt about Eric Millerberg's guilt, Smith said.
"It's not going to change what happened, it's not going to bring her back," Smith said. "But it's important for the family to know the person responsible is being held accountable and will spend a significant time in prison."
Eric Millerberg's attorney, Randall Marshall, told reporters his client was disappointed. Marshall said he expected guilty verdicts on some charges, "but I was a little disappointed in some of it."
Smith had started his closing argument Friday by showing the jury a picture of a smiling Rasmussen holding her little sister about one year before her death. Then, he showed a picture of her dead body covered by a muddy piece of foam in the woods of northern Utah.
Smith said the Millerbergs dumped her there, "discarded like a piece of trash," and then lied to police for more than a month about her whereabouts.
Smith called Eric Millerberg's actions with Rasmussen deplorable, saying he had supplied her with drugs and had sex on previous occasions as well, later bragging to fellow prisoners that he partied with teenage girls. Smith reminded the jury that laws exist to protect teens who are prone to experimenting and making mistakes when they aren't with their parents.
"Ordinary people don't inject little girls with heroin and methamphetamine," Smith said, later adding: "You don't have sex with 16-year-olds when you're a month away from turning 36. You don't look for dates with juniors in high school."
Marshall argued that the case against Eric Millerberg is based on lies by Dea Millerberg meant to protect herself. He reminded jurors that she struggled to remember details during cross-examination about the night of Rasmussen's death.
"Dea Millerberg told a great story, but it doesn't add up," Marshall said.
He said there's no evidence, other than Dea Millerberg's account, to prove Eric Millerberg injected Rasmussen with the drugs.
"How do we know Dea didn't shoot her up?" Marshall said.
He reminded jurors that the state medical examiner stopped short of declaring Rasmussen's cause of death was a drug overdose. Marshall also suggested to the jury that Dea Millerberg was responsible for the death and recruited her husband to help her dump the body.
Earlier Friday, an assistant medical examiner, Joseph White, testified that Rasmussen had seven times the lethal amount of methamphetamine in her system and high levels of morphine and amphetamines, and that likely caused her death.
"These are obviously significant results," White said. "Certainly, enough to explain the death."
But White said he couldn't rule out other possibilities such as strangulation, stabbing or blunt-force trauma because the girl's body was badly decomposed.
Rasmussen's body was found in a remote, wooded area in Weber County.
"It's a foul circumstance, and it seemed clear that somebody else was involved," White said, while later adding, "I felt it was most intellectually honest to list the cause and manner (of death) as undetermined."
Defense attorneys didn't bring any witnesses to the stand during trial, and Eric Millerberg also declined to testify.
He sat with his attorneys during the trial wearing glasses, and a suit and tie that largely hid his array of neck and arm tattoos. He occasionally spoke to his attorneys but remained largely stoic.
Family and friends of Rasmussen filled the front row of the gallery, carefully listening to testimony as they whispered to each other. Rasmussen's mother cried during the prosecution's closing arguments.
Follow Brady McCombs at https://twitter.com/BradyMcCombs.


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In order: Caillou Gets Dressed Caillou Stays Up Late Caillou Helps with Lunch Caillou in the Bathtub
"All in a Day's Work" (A42 WIP title: "My Alarm Clock Didn't Go Off") It's morning and Gilbert wakes Caillou up He goes into Mommy and Daddy's room. They wish him good morning. Then, Mommy realizes that their alarm didn't go off. Dad has Caillou go downstairs and feed Gilbert. Mom makes Caillou rush through breakfast and he's not happy about it. In the bathroom, Caillou sees Mom's makeup. He uses it on Rosie, to make her look like Mommy. Mom notices this and Caillou says he wanted Rosie to look like her. Mom scolds him for playing with her makeup. Dad asks Caillou to get dressed so that he and Rosie can go to playgroup, but Caillou doesn't want to . He wants to stay home and play with Daddy. Daddy, however, has to go to work. So Dad goes downstairs and tells Mommy to go ahead on to the playgroup with Rosie. Back upstairs, we learn that Dad's alarm clock definitely isn't going off because he's decided that he can be even later than he is now for work by taking Caillou around the neighborhood to see other people who are working. Caillou meets the mailman, a garbage collector and cops. They also stop an ATM, where Dad clears up Caillou's misconception that the ATM simply "gives him money." (A common misconception among little children.) He drops Caillou off at his playgroup, where he tells Mrs. Martin about all the stuff he did "at work."
Today, Rexy is hiding inside a box when Gilbert and Teddy come outside and say it's lunchtime. There are three boxes and they can't find him in two of them. He then pops up of the one in the middle and scares them both. He wants to play a game, pretending that the boxes are a singing train. It's okay with Gilbert, just as long as it doesn't take too long. He's getting hungry. So they all sing the "Silly Train" song and arrive back in time for lunch. As for Caillou, he's learning all sorts of things about machines and even doing some machine operating of his own. "As Good As New" Caillou's inside watching Sarah biking from a window and asks Daddy if they can go biking too. Daddy says that it's a good idea, since it's a nice day out. They head outside and both get their bikes, checking to make sure that everything is okay with them, such as air pressure on the tires. They bid goodbye to Mommy and Rosie who are going out to shop. Just then, Leo and his Dad show up. Leo has a fancy new bike with a flag and streamers. Caillou wants to try it out, but at first Leo won't let him. Leo's Dad urges Leo to let Caillou ride it for a bit, saying that he's sure Caillou would let him ride his bike. Caillou has fun riding on it and thanks Leo for letting him try it. Leo and his Daddy head on their way and now Caillou seems a bit sad. He wants his bike to be like Leo's. Daddy says that if they clean their bikes, he's sure they would be better. So they clean them off, but Caillou still isn't satisfied. He wants streamers (or "steamers" as he calls them at first) and a flag. They go inside and use yarn and other materials to create these things. Caillou decorates his bike and now it looks nice like Leo's. Mommy and Rosie return home and Mommy gives Caillou a toy horn she got when she was out shopping. Now it's time to ride. Daddy, Caillou, Mommy and Leo and his Dad all go for a ride together. "Trip on the Subway" Caillou is going to Clementine's. He's just finishing talking to Clementine on the phone and he gives it to Mommy because Clementine's Mom wants to talk to her. After Mommy gets off the phone, she tells Caillou that they'll be going to Clementine's just as soon as she finishes writing a letter. Caillou's a bit annoyed because he wanted to go right away. Just then, Dadd comes in the door. He's going to work and has to leave in a hurry. He's taking the car and doesn't have time to take Caillou over to Clementine's, although he can drop Rosie off at Grandma's. Caillou wonders how they'll get to Clementine's without the car. Mommy says that they'll take the subway, which she describes as an underground train. Caillou thinks this is a neat idea, since he likes trains. At the subway station, he sees a female guitarist, who people have been giving money for her efforts. Mommy gives some money to Caillou to give to her. They talk with a subway attendant who looks kind of like Daddy who gives them each a ticket. Caillou tries to go through the turnstile, which he thinks is stuck. Mommy shows him that his ticket will get it unstuck. After the turnstile, they push a button on a machine to get another ticket. This one is just a ticket stub, though, which Mommy says that Caillou can keep as a souvenir. Caillou wants to go through the turnstile again and the attendant happily obliges. Mommy shows Caillou a map of the subway, pointing out where they are and where they're heading. Caillou hears an announcement on the intercom and is startled by it. He's also startled by the heat produced by the oncoming train, but once he sees the bright colors of the train, he's not scared anymore. On the train, he wants to change seats, but Mommy tells him he has to wait until the train stops. He does and then pretends that he's riding backwards. Over at Clementine's, Clemtine's Mom offers to drive them home. Caillou really liked the subway though and he wants to take it home - right away! Mommy suggests that he at least play with Clementine first. "Caillou and the Bulldozer" Caillou and Mommy are out walking when Caillou sees a large, red truck go by. He sees it pull into a construction site and wonders where it went. Mommy shows him a hole in the fence where he can look through. It's too high up for Caillou to see through, so Caillou asks Mommy to lift him up. She does, but not before getting him to say "please." (But not before getting him to turn around the blue-and-yellow pinstriped cap he happens to wearing backwards.) Inside the construction site, Caillou sees a bulldozer moving a mound of dirt. He says that he wants to be a big bulldozer when he grows up. Mommy quips that then maybe someday she can watch him through the hole. Mommy says that they have to go home, but Caillou wants to keep watching. They go home anyway and Caillou pretends to be a bulldozer. At home, Caillou grabs a dustpan and really gets into his role. He finds Rosie and bulldozes down a block tower she made. Rosie's not pleased, so Caillou shows her that bulldozers don't just wreck things, by rebuilding the tower. He heads onwards and finds Daddy, who's going out to rake leaves. This is a perfect job for a bulldozer. With Caillou the bulldozer's help, it isn't long before the leaves are all raked up. "Caillou's Test Drive" Caillou is outside playing with a toy car when Mommy pulls up in the car. The car's not sounding very good and Daddy says that they should take it in for repair. Mommy says that instead, they'll go look at some new cars. They go to a dealership and meet a nice salesman, who asks what kind of car they're looking for. Caillou not-so-helpfully specifies that they want one that's not broken. They check out one with a voice-warning system, but decide that Caillou and Rosie already make enough noise in the car. They check out a mobile home and then a convertible, which fascinates Caillou, since it apparently doesn't have a roof. They take it for a test drive and the salesman demonstrates that you can just hit a button when it rains and the roof covers the car. Back at the car lot, he hands Daddy a price list. Both Daddy and Mommy agree that new cars are a lot of money. They decide they'll just get the old one repaired. So they send it to the garage and it isn't long before it's back good as new. Then, Caillou breaks his toy car, but Daddy says that he can fix it.moreless
Today, Rexy is outside pretending to be an explorer. He's already conquered "Mount Sandbox" and now he's going to explore the world around him. Teddy comes out and Rexy tells him that he's searching for such things as icebergs and volcanoes. He thinks he hears a volcano, but it turns out that it's actually thunder. Gilbert shows up and says that it was thunder and they'd best be getting inside. Rexy can't believe this is happening. He's not done exploring yet. It's starting to rain and it's totally spoiled his plans. Gilbert and Teddy say that rain is important. It helps to water the flowers, among other things. Rexy is still upset and sings a song about how there's nothing to do and he wasn't expecting this. Eventually, he changes his mind and decides that it could be fun to play indoors. Just then, though, the sky clears up and Gilbert and Teddy send him on his way. Cailliou is exploring the world around him too, whether it be at his own house or at the park in his neighborhood. "Caillou's Favorite Plate" Caillou's Grandma has given him a plate with spaceships on it and he loves it. He's just going to bed and wants to sleep with it, but Mommy suggests that it would be best if she takse it downstairs. It'll be there for him in the morning. In the morning, Caillou comes downstairs and sees Rosie admiring the plate. Caillou's upset that Rosie is apparently messing with his plate, so Daddy gives it to him. He tells him that Rosie was just admiring it. Caillou has breakfast on his plate, pretending that his toast is a rocket. Mommy takes the plate to wash it off, so Caillou heads off and draws a space picture. It finally gets to be lunchtime (or "tupper" as Rosie calls it) and Caillou can't wait to have macaroni and cheese on his plate. Daddy washes off Caillou's hands and then they have a problem. The plate is nowhere to be found. Caillou really wants the plate, but Mommy says it'll have to wait till after lunch. Lunch doesn't go very well for Caillou, as without the plate, he's lost his appetite. They finally begin the search, but it's nowhere to be found. Finally, when they think they've looked just about everywhere, it turns out the plate was in a container right around where Rosie was playing. Daddy says that for finding the plate, it's time for a "space snack." "Games in the Park" Caillou is outside with Rosie and Rosie wants to play with a bouncy ball they have. Caillou rolls it over to her and they play for a little while until Miss Martin, Caillou's daycare instructor shows up. She's there with Caillou's friends, as they're all going to the park together. Rosie wants to come too, but Mommy says that she can't. So Rosie just waves goodbye. Miss Martin says that she has a new game and Leo says that he's going to win. Caillou counters that he will. At the park, they have fun crawling through a playground tube until Miss Martin calls everyone over. It's time for her game and they're going to be playing in teams of two. Caillou and Leo immediately try to pair themselves in a team, but Miss Martin says that she'll be drawing the teammates randomly. (Although somehow it ends up being one boy and one girl on each team.) Caillou is paired with a girl named Mara, an orange-haired girl with glasses, who looks almost boyish. Miss Martin's game is bean-bag race in which one member from each team runs a course. They'll then have to run back and hand off their bean-bag to their partner, who will then complete the course. Caillou really loves the race, but it comes time to handoff the beanbag, he forgets and heads off for the finish line. Mara's aghast and can't believe Caillou forgot her. Caillou crosses the finish line first, but because he didn't hand off, Clementine and Leo win the race. They then create a new race, adding in elements of pushing the beanbags down the slides and an idea of Leo's to walk along the edge of the sandbox. This time, Caillou and Mara still don't win the race, but Caillou doesn't mind. Mara actually got to play this time and Caillou enjoyed trying to walk along the edge of the sandbox, finding it more difficult than he thought it was going to be. Miss Martin then gives them all beanbags of their own - filled with jellybeans! Caillou takes his home and teaches Mommy and Rosie the race he learned and shares the jellybeans with them. Mommy and Rosie enjoy the race so much that they want to try it again. Caillou says that they can't, as he's all out of jellybeans. "All Aboard" Caillou is helping Daddy dust some bookshelves. As they dust, they come across an old photo album with a black-and-white picture of Daddy. Caillou thinks that it's of him, but it's actually of Daddy, when he was four years old. In the picture, he's at Grandpa's house, playing with an old trainset. Caillou wonders if the trainset is still around and Daddy thinks that it probably is. They'll have to wait until the dusting is done to go over and look for it though. To keep himself busy, Caillou goes off and plays with Teddy and his own train. Finally, they head over to Grandpa's. They search all over for the trainset in the basement, but can't find it anywhere. They do, however, find an old train conductor's cap of Daddy's, which Caillou puts on. Grandpa's sure he didn't throw it away and they finally find it in a cabinet. They wonder if it still works. They set it up and it's still working quite well. Daddy and Grandpa show Caillou how it works. They have fun with it and Grandma snaps a photo of all of them together, which placed with the other pictures in the old photo album. "Gilbert's House" Caillou and Daddy are out walking. It's a cold autumn day and so they're hurrying home. As they head home, Caillou points out a small little house. Caillou's Daddy tells him that it's actually a doghouse. Caillou sees that there's a dog in it. When they get home, Caillou decides that Gilbert might like a house too. Daddy thinks that it's a great idea, although Gilbert doesn't seem to sure. Caillou goes down to the basement and looks for a box for the house, while Gilbert watches on. He finds one he thinks is just right and gets Mommy's permission to use it. She sees that Gilbert has already hopped into it, so it would seem he's claiming it for his own. Caillou colors it red, blue and green and draws some doors and windows on it. He has Daddy cut it so that it has actual, real doors and windows. Daddy also gets out a small piece of carpeting for Gilbert to use as a bed. Caillou thinks the house is ready, but Gilbert refuses to step foot in it. Daddy suggests that maybe it would be better if it had some of Gilbert's things in it. So they get Gilbert's toy mousey and now Gilbert is ready to try it out.moreless


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Main Content
Italian American Historical Society Finding Guide (opens as a PDF file) - last updated July 31, 2008
Through the generous donations of private families and institutions like Southern Connecticut State University, the Society has accrued an impressive collection consisting of: personal papers, genealogies, and photographs; a library of books, newspapers, and periodicals; and many artifacts.
public service
All of the valuable data in the archives is available to everyone for research or enjoyment. Chaperoned school tours are welcomed and encouraged. Admission is free.


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How We Eat
The Gluten-Free Craze: Is It Healthy?
Experts Question Benefits of Gluten-Free for All but a Small Minority
A decade ago, few Americans had heard of gluten. Today, one survey says, almost a third are trying to avoid the element found in grain. In growing numbers, the world's biggest food makers and restaurant chains are retooling recipes and labels to tap into the concern, creating a multibillion-dollar business out of gluten-free products.
The trend caught the eye of Heather Nutsch, an oncology researcher in Omaha, Neb., who has struggled with her weight for years. In February, she decided to try a gluten-free diet after a friend...


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There's no doubt that Samsung's Galaxy S phones are currently at the top of the Android food chain, so we're pretty sure that almost everyone will be thrilled to hear that T-Mobile is slashing the price of the Samsung Vibrant to only $99. If you're planning to take advantage of this deal, you better act quickly. T-Mobile is only offering the $99 deal on the Vibrant for today only.
If you ask me, this is the best Android deal you can find directly from a carrier. While most Android fans who were thinking about getting the Vibrant have already made their purchase, this might be the perfect chance to upgrade your wife or kids to a true smartphone.
If you miss today's special, be sure to check out the Android and Me Store where we have the Vibrant at $99 all the time.


text:
Dark chocolate bars are the purest form of chocolate and have been proven to greatly benefit your health, taken in moderation. Our dark chocolate bars range from 56% up to 100% and include the best of fine blends, flavoured and single origin. To help you decide which dark chocolate bar is for you we have included flavour profiles and tasting notes for each. Please also take a look at the chocolate bar reviews to assist your choice.
Duffy's, Dominican Republic Taino, 65% dark chocolate bar
From Duffy's
A single origin, dark chocolate made from bean to bar by Duffy's, with organic 'Hispaniola' cocoa beans from the Dominican Republic. Notes of tangy pineapple, sweet strawberries with green tea.
- Cocoa Origin
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Buy dark chocolate bars online today with standard delivery by post for just £3.95, fully tracked. Our Supersaver delivery at just £2.95, not tracked, may be available for smaller orders. Order dark chocolate bars online before 4pm for a next working day delivery before 1pm from just £5.95. Register online to receive loyalty points on every chocolate order made.


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After a small delay, the HTC One is now available for purchase at AT&T and Sprint retail stores. HTC also notes their new flagship phone will be available at Best Buy, Radio Shack, Walmart, Sam's Club, Target, Costco, Car Toys, HSN.com and Amazon.com. T-Mobile has begun their pre-order program and they expect their version of the device to hit stores on April 24th. Unfortunately, those who pre-ordered the 32GB unlocked and 64GB Developer Edition will have to wait at least another week.
Today we received an email with an update to our online order of the HTC One Developer Edition. HTC states there were "shipping issues" which caused a "slight delay", but they still expect the phones to be delivered by the "end of April." To make up for the delay, all orders will be delivered via overnight shipping. Also due to "overwhelming demand", those who purchased the Double Dip cases will not receive their order till "mid-May."
It's unfortunate that some orders were delayed, but at least two carriers put the device on sale today. If you were lucky enough to pick up your HTC One already, please share your initial impressions in the comments below.


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MADISON, Wis.—A dozen members of the state Assembly plan to tour a potential mine site in far northwestern Wisconsin.
Republicans are pushing a bill to streamline state mining regulations in hopes of persuading Gogebic Taconite to dig a huge open-pit iron mine along the border between Ashland and Iron counties.
Rep. Mary Czaja (CHY'-ah), a freshman Republican from Irma, is organizing a tour of the site for Friday morning. The site is outside Czaja's district, but aide Emily Loe says Czaja toured the site several weeks ago, found the visit productive and thought other legislators would benefit from seeing the area.
Loe says six Republicans and six Democrats have agreed to the visit. She says the visit is informal and the legislators will pay their own way.


text:
Delay When Playing Music Files
When playing music files (e.g., .MP3, .WMA) in Microsoft® Windows Media® Player 11 in Windows Vista®, you may experience one of the following problems:
|This issue has not been reported in Windows XP when using Windows Media Player 11.
Disable All Audio Enhancements
Follow these instructions to correct this issue:
1 Click Start, and type sound.
2 Click Sound.
3 In the Sound window, click Speakers/Headphones and then Properties.
4 In the Speakers/Headphones Properties window, click the Enhancements tab.
5 Click to check the Disable All Enhancements checkbox.
6 Click Apply and then OK.
7 In the Speakers/Headphones Properties window, click Apply and then OK.
The Sound window closes.
Article ID: SLN69652
Last Date Modified: 11/14/2010 12:00 AM
Thank you for your feedback.


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Exercise intolerance in retrievers
When a dog from one of the popular retriever breeds is brought to you because it collapsed while exercising or seems to tire easily, you need to sift through the many potential underlying causes. It could be anything from an out-of-shape weekend athlete to a dog with an inherited metabolic myopathy. Here are some of the conditions to consider.
Feb 01, 2010


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By Jan Klerks, CTBUH Communications ManagerOne of the great things about books is that they have the power to trigger multiple senses at once. You can hold, touch and look at them, and even appreciate the smell of them while breezing through. And of course you can read them. As such, they make both knowledge and history tangible. 40 Years of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat has produced 168 CTBUH and CTBUH-affiliated books and publications totaling around 53,000 pages. In total, these make up almost twenty feet of bookshelf.
To look at this collection is not only to look at 40 years of the Council's history, but also to see the changes in goals, scope, practical organization and even printing techniques for the publications themselves. Not aided by computers with spell check, edit functions and a delete button, earlier publications were shaped with a sheet of carbon paper, a pair of scissors and a pot of glue. The oldest copies have "patience" written all over them. Leafing through these publications also involves travelling from blurry images, handwritten equations and graphs and the classical Courier font type on a typewriter, to full color, professionally-edited and well-groomed publications containing CD-ROMs for your convenience. Early work
The very first items on the shelves are a set of proceedings from the days in which the Council was a newly found Joint Committee of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). It was created as an international effort to evaluate and coordinate significant tall building research. Lacking modern tools of communication, such as email and the Internet, those active at the time must have enjoyed considerable travel budgets because in as little as a year's time, regional conferences were organized in scattered and sometimes exotic places such as Paris, Bled (former Yugoslavia), Tokyo, Prague, Chicago, Delft (the Netherlands) and New Delhi.
Figure 1. CTBUH Conference "Planning and Design of Tall Buildings" attendees, Bled (former Yugoslavia), 1971
In these early days, given the scope of the two fostering organizations, the focus was very much on overcoming problems, predominantly technical ones. As engineers speak the universal language of science and nature, the cultural aspects of tall buildings were hardly addressed. It was simply assumed that tall buildings exist to cope with urban growth, and that it was up to the engineers to solve the technical problems that came with it.
Many modern conferences have now become a commercial business in which social networking is of equal importance to the dissemination of knowledge and insights. At the early conferences, the attendees, all very distinguished looking gentlemen in the group picture (see Figure 1), were simply putting in another day of work. During the early conferences, committees would report on the progress of the 27 different topics, which were predominantly technical by nature. These topics were grouped into three main themes: Systems & Criteria, Steel Buildings and Concrete Buildings. They were always nicely summed up in a black column on the left on an otherwise very yellow proceedings cover (see various early publications Figure 2). In 1973, the year in which organizations on architecture, planning and housing affiliated themselves with the Joint Committee, the three main themes were reorganized into five themes with the theme of Planning and Environment introduced into the scope of the Council. The five main themes were now totaling a staggering 52 committees on tall building topics.
The fruit of these conferences was to be a series of monographs containing the work of the committees (see Figure 3). Five collections of monographs, one for each of the main themes, were published between 1978 and 1981 with chapters corresponding to the committee structure. One noticeable fact is that the Council did not organize a congress or a conference between 1977 and 1982, roughly the years required to prepare and publish this magnum opus of tall buildings. The series was expanded with 1983 and 1986 volumes containing reports on recent progress and developments on all of the five themes. As a result of the Council's name change in 1976, the monographs appeared as the first publications of the new Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat instead of the Joint Committee. The logo, a characteristic 1890's skyscraper wrapped in a vertical oval shape, remained the same, with a slight text change (see page 14 to see past logos).
Under the wings of the McGraw-Hill publishing organization, a new series of monographs appeared in the early 1990's (see Figure 4). In the meantime, two new themes had been added to the scope of the Council; Development and Management and Building Service Systems. However, this monograph series did not follow the themed structure of the earlier series but covered more specific topics, such as Fire Safety in Tall Buildings, the Architecture of Tall Buildings and Building Design for Handicapped and Aged Persons. Congress reports
One impressive library shelf at CTBUH Headquarters contains the set of publications that resulted from, to date, eight World Congresses. The first three did not come with a general theme, but from the fourth onward, they were labeled as: 2000 and Beyond, Tradition and Innovation; Tall Buildings and the Urban Habitat; Renewing the Urban Landscape and Tall & Green, Typology for a Sustainable Urban Future. Although themed, these congresses are characterized by a generally wider scope of topics compared to the more technically-oriented early conferences. Social, cultural, architectural, historical and environmental papers were also presented. In fact, the 1977 2nd World Congress in Paris had no technical papers at all.
Scattered throughout the archive are a number of publications which are the product of conferences organized by local or affiliated organizations, mostly emphasizing local developments. Some of these proceedings have been published in their own language, leaving someone to guess what the conference was
about when not proficient in Greek, Serbian, Arabic, Bulgarian or Polish!
As most covers of the conference proceedings were not designed to excite you, the award for the most noticeable cover goes to an encyclopedia-sized publication of proceedings of a Singapore conference in 1984. It's wrapped by a dust cover picturing an uplifting, cartoon-esque bird's-eye view of the city and its people doing various exciting activities (see Figure 5).
Another striking book is a 1986 collection of lists of tall buildings in the world, organized according to country. Entitled "Tall Buildings of the World", the book doesn't impress because of its cover, which is plain, but for the sheer work that it must have taken to compile these facts and figures in a pre-Internet era.
The early 1980's section of the library contains the collected papers presented at a symposium at the University of Sydney entitled Energy Consumption in the Design of Multi-Storey Buildings. This was quite ahead of the current heyday of this topic. The late 1980's introduces topics of computer-aided design and robotics in tall buildings. In 1992, a book was published on the Sick Building Syndrome in Tall Buildings.
Recently, the Council started cooperating with professional publishers to increase the quality and the distribution of the publications. Examples of this are the 2008 Awards Book and the 101 of the World's Tallest Buildings (2006) (see Figures 6 & 7), published with Elsevier and Images respectively.
Council NewslettersNext to proceedings and reports on the archive's shelves, a couple of binders can be found containing all past CTBUH newsletters. "The Times", as the newsletter was called, was printed for the first time in 1970 and ran until 2002. 33 Volumes produced a total of 105 issues. The Times started out as a sheet for informal conversation and developed into a more formally structured newsletter on an approximately quarterly basis.
Printed on yellow paper, the early edition of The Times typically counted four pages and contained practical information on progress of the committees and announcements for meetings and conferences. Occasionally it came with an extra special insert to announce a new congress or publication. The first issue features a copy of a newspaper article announcing the World Trade Center in New York as the new tallest building in the world (for more on The Times see here). Up to 1975, all issues were stenciled copies written on a typewriter and autographed by Lynn Beedle himself.
In 1983, The Times received a makeover giving it a more professional appeal. The yellow color was confined to the header of the pages and the paper itself is glossier. The Gothic font type, in which the Times logo was set from the beginning, remained. News items, columns and other bits of information on tall buildings now found their way into the newsletter. In later issues, the number of obituaries increased as the Council came of an age in which it started to outlive its oldest members. The 1996/II issue features a story written by a middle school student about one Tommy the Tower, who loses his title of Tallest Building in the World but overcomes his grief through the respect he still receives from the people of the city. The story was inspired by a class visit from Lynn Beedle explaining how the Sears Tower lost its title of World's Tallest Building to Petronas Towers (click here for more).
Around the year 2000, signs that the end of The Times was looming became more evident. Frequency was down to two issues per year, and the last four issues were printed on plain white paper. Although The Times was never officially cancelled, it was replaced by a magazine called the CTBUH Review. Premiering in 2000, this was positioned as a biannual electronic journal dedicated to providing professionals throughout the world with state-of-the-art research and information. Along with practical information from the Council, these issues published collected articles on various topics. Averaging one Review per year in the next six years, it was relaunched as the CTBUH Journal in 2007 in the format as we all know it today (see Figure 8).
CTBUH website
Not to be found on the shelves of the archive, yet part of CTBUH publishing history, is the CTBUH website. The 1990's are characterized by the rise of Internet and email. By 1996, usage of the Internet had become commonplace, and by then many companies and organizations were represented on the web. On July 10, 1997, Lynn Beedle formally announced the first steps of CTBUH into cyberspace: The website contained information on our publications, conferences and what's new. The site was hosted on one of the servers of Lehigh University. An exciting new feature was an interactive high-rise buildings database, containing information on over 9,000 buildings. This was a members-only tool, managed by Lynn Beedle's son David. In September 1999, the Council acquired its own address on the Web by registering the ctbuh.org domain.
Screen shots of the old CTBUH website still can be found on archival websites here (see Figure 9). It is easy to be critical of the look and feel of these by today's standards, but bear in mind that webdesign and markup options were still in their infancy, and that the relatively slow speed of Internet in these early days prohibited any fancy designs. The first website showed a compact overview of the Council's structure, its activities and the database, all set against a bright red background. In 2001, the website was redesigned showing a more structured and graphic based interface using sea-green and light-yellow as predominant colors. It also showed the new logo of the CTBUH. This design lasted until March 2007.
In 2007, the CTBUH purchased a content-management software package through which content can be added and updated without knowledge of Internet coding and markup languages, and the website was re-created and re-launched. The website now reflects the new ambitions of the Council and is its primary communication medium. Many new sections were added, such as a resource database and a frequently updated news page. Today, the CTBUH website has expanded to over 600 pages, chock-full of up-to-date information, papers, images and even videos on tall buildings. Today, these are viewed by thousands of unique visitors each day from all over the world. CTBUH Library
Next to CTBUH's own publications and outings, the wider CTBUH library contains many hundreds of books and other third-party publications on skyscrapers and related issues, varying from study books, guides and monologues, to coffee table books and novels. The office of the CTBUH is most likely the only place in the world that contains this vast collection of resources on tall buildings, and one of our current goals is to make it more accessible through a proper inventory. Much has already been archived; more is yet to be done. But once completed, it will be for current and future researchers and Council enthusiasts to enjoy.


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Heart block refers to an abnormality in the way electricity passes through the normal electrical pathways of the heart. The abnormality "blocks" the electrical impulse from continuing through the normal pathways and usually results in a slower heart rate.
Heart block can be caused by:
Heart block is more common in older people and may be the result of age and a combination of factors listed above. Heart block can occur in people with heart attacks. When heart attacks cause heart block, it often goes away on its own. But if the heart attack is extensive, the heart block may be permanent and require a pacemaker.
The electrical activity of the heart starts in the sinoatrial (SA) node in the upper chamber (atrium) and travels through the atrioventricular (AV) node to reach the lower chamber (ventricles). Heart block may occur at any point along this electrical pathway. Heart block of the AV node can be of several types, and a doctor generally can diagnose these by looking at the person's electrocardiogram (EKG, ECG).
First-degree AV block
In first-degree block, the electrical impulses take longer to travel between the upper chamber (atrium) and lower chamber (ventricle) of the heart. This type of heart rhythm may or may not be associated with a slow heart rate.
It does not usually require treatment. But this type of heart block may raise your risk of heart rhythm problems, such as atrial fibrillation.
Second-degree AV block
In second-degree heart block, some of the electrical impulses are blocked between the upper and lower chamber of the heart. These electrical impulses may or may not have a clear pattern. The blocking of the impulse can come and go, resulting in "dropped heart beats." A second-degree type II block may progress to complete or third-degree heart block.
Second-degree heart block can be categorized into two types:
Complete or third-degree block
In third-degree heart block, all of the electrical impulses are completely blocked between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. When this occurs, the atria and ventricles beat at completely different rates.
Complete heart block is caused by the aging process, medicines, heart attacks, infiltrative heart diseases (amyloidosis, sarcoidosis), and infectious diseases (endocarditis, Chagas' disease). It may also occur after heart surgery and can be present from birth (congenital).
Complete heart block frequently causes symptoms of light-headedness or fainting and usually requires the placement of a permanent pacemaker. People who are born with complete heart block (an uncommon congenital condition) often have no symptoms and may not need treatment initially. But eventually they almost always require pacemaker placement.
Bundle branch block can affect the heart's rhythm. The heart has structures, like wires, that are called bundle branches. They are part of the heart's electrical pathway. When a branch is diseased, it is called "blocked," because the electrical signals can't travel down the branch.
Some people with bundle branch block don't have any symptoms and don't need treatment. But when a block causes the heart to beat too slowly, it can cause symptoms such as tiredness and fainting spells. A pacemaker may be used to get the heartbeat back to normal.
Other Works Consulted
- Cheng S, et al. (2009). Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA, 301(24): 2571–2577.
- Olgin J, Zipes DP (2012). Bradyarrhythmias section of Specific arrhythmias: Diagnosis and treatment. In RO Bonow et al., eds., Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 9th ed., vol. 1, pp. 813–824. Philadelphia: Saunders.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|Brian D. O'Brien, MD - Internal Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Rakesh K. Pai, MD, FACC - Cardiology, Electrophysiology
|Last Revised
|August 12, 2011
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Last Revised: April 12, 2012
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Bay - the color, not the place
Beth and I had a discussion on the term "bay" as in "Bay-breasted Warbler" today. I had crippling views (as the Brits would say) of one yesterday at Sandy Hook. I was without camera of course due to an insane amount of fog and mist. Of course, the mist lifted momentarily and gave pretty decent light on the warbler. Ugh. Anyway, Beth had never heard the term "bay" used to describe a color, so I did some research. It's a term typically reserved for the brown color in horses and typically those with a black mane contrasting with the brown body. Here are some photos for comparison.


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Style # 217355
You've got the plans, we've got the dress! This stunning bebe cocktail dress features a clean sophisticated front design with a stunning ruched and knotted detail at back. Can be worn with cutouts at front or at back.
- 95% rayon, 5% spandex
- Center back to hem: 29" (74 cm)
- Jersey lining
- Dry clean
- Made in USA with imported materials
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S
Reversible V-Neck Cutout Dress is rated out of 5 by 5.
Rated 5 out of 5 by SimpleBeauty from SEXY SEXY This dress is extremely sexy in my opinion, especially on a curvy frame. I tried the small (140lbs 34.27.42 for ref) in my local bebe store and when I walked out to show my friend, everyone by the fitting room exclaimed WOW. The fabric is super stretchy, a little on the thin side and body conforming, I mean it hugs every curve! The cut outs make it even sexier, so I decided to keep it in the back as showing cleavage would take it over the top for me. The shoulder pads are annoying but not enough to not get the dress. Definitely a dress to add to your sexy collection.
Date published: 2013-07-12
Rated 4 out of 5 by MissJJ1 from Once you take the shoulder pads out - it's perfect Out of all the Bebe dresses I bought lately, my husband liked this one the best. But I agree with SBRYA28, the shoulder pads are not flattering, so that's why I gave it 4 stars. I had to have the shoulder pads taken out too. Once they were gone, it is very sexy and revealing dress. I also wear the dress with the cut-outs and V neck in the front. I had no problems finding a push-up bra that doesn't show through the cut-outs. I am 5'0, weigh 118 pounds and the XS fit perfectly.
Date published: 2013-05-31
Rated 4 out of 5 by MsLolaGrace from Cutouts in the Back I really like this dress. The color is great for the warm weather. It didn't work for me w/ the cutouts in the front, my breast were over exposed & my bra was showing. This dress may not be for women w/ D/DD's. Love the cut outs in the back & the dress still looks sexy from the front. I actually like the shoulder pads, they're not big & bulky. I ordered the dress 1 size up bc I was concerned about it being too short. Glad I did, it's still a lil on the short side. Hmm that might be why the cut outs didn't work in the front bc its not tight. I have this dress in black in the long version & didn't have the same problem w/ the top, ordered in my normal size (L). But I did take out the shoulder pads in the longer version, they were too puffy.
Date published: 2013-05-14
Rated 5 out of 5 by nyara from love beautiful. i love it! makes my body look so goood, my waist looks amazing... i just love looove this dress
Date published: 2013-04-10
Rated 4 out of 5 by sbrya28 from Love the dress, HATE the shoulder pads!!!! Because of the clingy material, I purchased this in a Medium (5' 3", 130 lbs, 36DD chest) to be on the safe side. This dress can be worn both ways, but I'm preferring wearing it with the cutouts in front for a sexy b-day look with some nude patent peep-toe pumps. I love the Hot Coral color; it compliments my medium skin tone very well. I gave it 4 stars because of the stitched in shoulder pads. Seriously, Bebe? The shoulder pads throw the dress way off in my opinion...but then again I've never been a fan of shoulder pads. The dress otherwise is very nice overall, so I cut the pads out; I have to say the dress looks and fits so much better after I did that. I'm not suggesting that everyone who buys this dress does that, but if you're not a fan of shoulder pads, you may want to pass on this, or go to the extreme like I did.
Date published: 2013-03-22


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Linked by Thom Holwerda on Thu 29th Nov 2012 17:55 UTC
"Today, I want to share a bit more detail about the growing Surface family of products and Surface with Windows 8 Pro, specifically around pricing. In January, Surface with Windows 8 Pro will be available in two versions and pricing will start at $899." Stefan Constantine noted on Twitter: "For the price of a Surface Pro ($899), you could buy a Nexus 4 ($349), Nexus 7 ($299), and a Chromebook ($249). Do the math." No matter how hard people are going to shout the Surface Pro is an ultrabook competitor, people will compare it to an iPad.
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RE[2]: Really
by bentoo on Fri 30th Nov 2012 09:21 UTC in reply to "RE: Really"
Actually, the Chromebook beats Intel (Atom) for most things in addition to battery life. Then again, that's Atom.
Nice comparing Samsung's latest to Atoms released in 2008 (single core at that!) and 2010. Even so it barely bests the D525 in some tests. The i3, also from 2010 and now 2 generations behind beats it in every category.
Fact is, ARM isnt the magic processor people make it out to be.


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Save your machine information so you'll never again have to search for a cartridge. Bought your machine from Quill? We instantly add the machine you purchased to My Machines when you place your order. You will see that machine displayed here.
Ink & Toner > Savin > Laser Printers> C230
Savin Laser Printers Cartridges for C230
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Trainers offering Commercial Skills Training
These pages contain lists of the top active TrainerBase members that offer training and development services in the training category:
Balanced Scorecard, Business Ethics, Business Development, Business start up, Bid & Proposal management, Business Process Improvement, Call Handing Skills, Call Centre Management Skills, Client Management, Company Law, Complaints Management, Commercial Risk Management, Corporate Social Responsbility, Credit Control, Customer Relations Management, Economics (General), Environmental Management, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Export Sales & Marketing, Inventory skills, Kaizen, Knowledge Management, Lean Manufacturing, Logistics, Marketing (General), Payroll, Pay and reward schemes, Procurement, PRINCE(2) (Project Management), Production Control, Project Management, Purchasing, Quality Control, Retail environment (General), Retail Sales, Sales, Sales and Marketing, Six Sigma, Supply Chain Management, Sustainable Development, Tenders and Tendering, Total Quality Management, Transport Skills, Telephone Sales, Warehouse operations.
Click on the above links to view trainers in that area of expertise.
If you want to be listed on this page you need to be a paid up subscriber of TrainerBase and need to have ticked the subjects as one of your areas of expertise. You also need to contribute to the site to ensure a higher ranking than other members.


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Engineering Toolkit
An ever-growing toolbox of Watlow resources and knowledge to help design engineers solve their thermal application challenges.
Leverage Watlow's Experience to Find Your Solution
Don't see your application? OEM that requires a custom solution? Get help now.
Watlow provides industry specific thermal solutions within a variety of markets.
Don't see your industry? Contact us: 1-800-WATLOW2
Watlow designs and manufactures complete thermal systems using best-in-class technologies covering the full thermal loop. Use the drop-down menus below to browse our selection of thermal solutions.
Resources and Support
User manuals, specification sheets, CAD drawings and more.
Leverage Watlow's growing toolkit of calculators, equations, reference data and more to help design your thermal system
Locate commonly requested documentation or contact customer service
About Watlow
Looking for a place to call home? Every position at Watlow is an opportunity for a career. Learn more about our culture, business, and openings
Learn more about Watlow's rich, 90+ year history
Find more information about Watlow's global facilities: technology centers, manufacturing sites, sales offices and websites
Stay up to date on the latest Watlow news, press releases, and product annoucements
An ever-growing toolbox of Watlow resources and knowledge to help design engineers solve their thermal application challenges.


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Federal sequestration transformed from a question mark to an exclamation point in 2013.
Budget cuts, furloughs impact military
Federal sequestration transformed from a question mark to an exclamation point in 2013.
In March the effects of sequestration and government furloughs began to come into focus with civilian workers slated to lose pay and hours but at an amount that changed weekly. Base teachers were deemed exempt while mental health workers were not. Tuition assistance cuts forced Marines to use their G.I. Bill in order to pay for school while on active duty. The commissary and Naval Hospital�s exchange pharmacy closed on Mondays, base schools closed for a total of five days and numerous offices aboard the base such as the vehicle registration office, traffic court and immigration services limited operating hours. Recreational impacts included the cancellation of programs like the annual Fourth of July fireworks and performances such as the USMC Battle Color Detachment.
After Congress could not come to an agreement on a spending bill, 800,000 non-essential government workers were furloughed during a government shutdown that lasted 17 days. While the shutdown and the furloughs are no longer in effect, government funding cuts are and will last for years.
First women pass Infantry Training Battalion
Three Marines made history on Nov. 21 as the first women to graduate the School of Infantry � a formerly all-male school.
The integration of women into combat related specialties is still in its testing phase, and the three graduates � Pfcs. Christina Fuentes Montenegro, Julia Carroll and Katie Gorz � will not receive an infantry designation. However, data will be used to determine whether or not to fully open Department of Defense combat roles to women.
Water at Marine base linked to birth defects
Birth defects and childhood cancers were officially linked to contaminated water distributed aboard Camp Lejeune from 1968 until 1985 in a long awaited report from the CDC.
The release of the study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention determined that babies born to mothers who drank Lejeune tap water while pregnant were four times more likely than women who lived off-base to have serious birth. The water aboard Camp Lejeune was previously found to have been contaminated with chemicals from a dry cleaning facility and a leaking fuel depot. Exposure within the womb from ingesting the contaminated water can cause children to develop Leukemia, heart and eye defects, oral cleft malformations, chronic atresia or more.
TBI and PTSD meet their match
The signature combat wounds of Iraq and Afghanistan have a new enemy.
The Intrepid Spirit Clinic, which opened in October aboard Camp Lejeune, is the second of nine satellite facilities that will be built aboard military installations to provide state-of-the-art mental health and traumatic brain injury treatment.
Funded by the Intrepid Fallen Heroes Fund, the satellite facility includes provider offices, physical therapy rooms, a yoga room and headache management rooms. The clinic has the capacity of treating more than 1,000 patients per year and its staff includes physical and mental health therapist, traumatic brain injury specialists and neurologists.
The first facility, the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, was established at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., in 2010. Following the completion of the Camp Lejeune facility, two more are scheduled to be built. One will be constructed at Fort Campbell, Ky. and another at Fort Bragg.


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HIV/AIDS and People of Color
Michele Rountree and Courtney McElhaney Peebles
Communities of color are disproportionately burdened by the prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Research has shown that race and ethnicity in the United States are population characteristics that correlate with other fundamental determinants of health outcomes. This entry will chronicle the history of the epidemic, report the disparate impact of the disease affecting communities of color, and acknowledge the social determinants of health that contribute to the vulnerability of risk. A call to address the imbalance of health inequities, with a complement of individual-level interventions and new approaches that address the interpersonal, network, community, and societal influences of disease transmission, is discussed.
Human Needs: Overview
Michael A. Dover
Human need and related concepts such as basic needs have long been part of the implicit conceptual foundation for social work theory, practice, and research. However, while the published literature in social work has long stressed social justice, and has incorporated discussion of human rights, human need has long been both a neglected and contested concept. In recent years, the explicit use of human needs theory has begun to have a significant influence on the literature in social work.
Human Needs: Work and Employment
Susan J. Lambert
This entry traces the development of both theory and empirical knowledge on the relationship between work and mental and physical health. Intrinsic job characteristics continue to shape the extent to which workers find meaning in what they do, and theories of stress and social roles continue to guide research. The field now includes investigations of how work affects personal life and theories that recognize the beneficial health effects of well-designed jobs. Social workers are advised that lower-level jobs come up short on all the positive qualities of employment covered in this entry, placing their workers' mental and physical health at risk.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Families and Parenting
Gerald P. Mallon
According to U.S. census data, an estimated 270,313 American children were living in households headed by same-sex couples in 2005, and nearly twice that number had a single lesbian or gay parent. Since the 1990s, a quiet revolution has been blooming in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. More and more lesbians and gay men from all walks of life are becoming parents. LGBT people become parents for some of the same reasons that heterosexual people do. Some pursue parenting as single people and others seek to create a family as a couple; still other LGBT people became parents in a heterosexual relationship. Although there are many common themes between LGBT parenting and heterosexual parenting, there are also some unique features. Unlike their heterosexual counterparts, who couple, get pregnant, and give birth, most LGBT individuals and couples who wish to parent must consider many other variables in deciding whether to become parents because the birth option is not the only option.
Lesbians: Overview
Lori Messinger and Jennifer Wheeler Brooks
This entry provides an overview of research on lesbians in the United States using an overarching framework of oppression and empowerment. Historical and current demographic and cultural information about lesbians will be reported, along with an analysis of personal and environmental factors critical to social work practitioners' ability to enhance the well-being of lesbian individuals, couples, and families.
Liberation-Based Practice
Rhea Almeida, Diana Melendez, and José Miguel Paez
The process of decolonizing is a precursor to liberatory transformation and the foundation for the creation of liberation-based practices. Decolonizing strategies call for changing the lens and the language and debunking the myth of healing through diagnostic codes; and the rigid compartmentalization of mind-body of individuals, and of individuals with regard to their families, their context, and their healing spaces Decolonizing strategies encompass the multiplicity of personal and public institutional locations that frame identities within historic, colonial, economic, and political life. People in various global localities are unwittingly situated within a range of broad and nuanced descriptors, such as indigenous hosts, nationality, ethnicity, class, gender, sexual orientation, ability, or religious preference or a combination of these. These personal economic, social, and political intersections are largely unacknowledged by early-21st-century Western models of psychological practice in social work and allied disciplines. Postmodernism and poststructuralism as epistemological frameworks still reproduce a particular form of coloniality. Alternatively, liberation-based practice locates the complexities of these frameworks within a societal matrix that shapes relationships in the context of power, privilege, and oppression. Accompanied by tools for identifying and decolonizing lived experiences within culture circles, liberation-based practice builds on the foundations of critical consciousness, empowerment, and accountability.
Mark R. Rank
Poverty has been a subject of concern since the beginnings of social work. This entry reviews three key research areas. First, the extent and dynamics of poverty are examined, including the measurement of poverty, patterns of cross-sectional and comparative poverty rates, the longitudinal dynamics of poverty, and poverty as a life-course risk. Second, reasons for poverty are discussed. These are divided into individual versus structural level explanations. The concept of structural vulnerability is offered as a way of bridging key individual and structural determinants in order to better understand the existence of poverty. Third, strategies and solutions to poverty are briefly reviewed.
Prison Violence
Kristine Levan
This entry presents an overview of prison violence and how issues such as overcrowding and scarcity of resources may contribute. Exploring both collective and interpersonal levels of violence, issues such as incidents between inmates and those between inmates and staff are examined. This entry looks at the issues facing males, females, juveniles, and the mentally ill as they contend with correctional institutions and violence within these institutions. The potential effects of violent victimization are also examined, as well as potential interventions and solutions to reduce violence.
Progressive Social Work
Rosemary Barbera, Mary Bricker-Jenkins, and Barbara Hunter Randall Joseph
Since the beginning of the profession, progressive social work has been characterized by a lived commitment to practice dedicated to advancing human rights and social and economic justice. Since the mid-1980s, the rise of global capitalism has vitiated support for robust social welfare programs and has had a conservatizing effect on the profession, rendering the progressive agenda both more urgent and more difficult. The economic crisis of 2008 has seen a rise in people suffering, while at the same time those programs that would help ease suffering are being cut back, further perpetuating the myth that austerity is the cure for the disease that it has caused. Meanwhile, the modernist ideals that gave rise to progressivism are being challenged by postmodernist thinkers. Progressive social work has responded to both challenges with innovation and energy, but theoretical and practical conundrums remain.
Selena T. Rodgers
Racism is pervasive, endemic, and historically rooted in systematic assumptions inherent in superiority based on race and requires the critical attention of all social workers. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) has made strides in tackling racism as demonstrated by the social worker and civil rights activist Whitney Young Jr. (1921–1971), other pioneers, and more recently, the NASW zero-tolerance racism policy. Undergirded in empirical discussion, this article leads with the etymology of race(ism), followed by a discussion of Racial Formation Theory and Critical Race Theory. The article gives a historical sketch of racism, followed by examples of its contemporary indicators—throughout social institutions—in the United States. Racism is pervasive and impinges on micro-level and macro-level systems. It is, therefore, beyond the scope of this article to address how racism impacts each group in America. Social work scholars and other experts have provided extensive empirical documentation about the historical trauma and sufferings of other racial groups (e.g., Native Americans/Native peoples/American Indians, Mexican Americans) discussed elsewhere. Specifically, the racism endured by blacks in America is the emphasis of this article. Themes of "colorism" and historical trauma are provided to contextualize advances in national reform and encourage a broader conversation about the racism that blacks experience globally. In addition, this article highlights strides by the social work profession to eradicate racism. Implications for social work are discussed.
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