text:
Any season that gives a cotton farmer a five-bale field is going to be a good year.
When 5.03 bales per acre came out of a field of Riata RR at JFB Ranch near Firebaugh, Calif. AFTER it had been soaked with 3.5 inches of early fall rains, it becomes not just a good year. 2004 became an incredible season.
It was a once-in-a-career year for veteran San Joaquin Valley farmer John Bennett, president of JBF Ranch, his superintendent Pete Franco, and their peers as California set records for upland yields at 1,525 pounds per acre and 1,503 for Pima. Even unseasonably heavy October rains did not do that much to dampen the almost unbelievable cotton growing season in the garden spot of the U.S. Cotton Belt, the San Joaquin Valley.
"If we have another year like 2004, we will faint," laughed Bennett, who has been farming in the valley since 1971.
Five-bale '04 SJV cotton was not uncommon. Many fields went well over four bales. In the Southern California desert some fields reportedly broke the six-bale plateau.
JFB Ranch yield average is about 3.75 bales per acre. Bennett's ground is not the best in the valley, which makes 2004 high yields even more satisfying.
However, five-bale cotton does not come by sitting in the office, looking out the window watching plants set bolls. Bennett credits Franco for taking full advantage of the exceptional growing conditions.
"Pete does all the farming. I just write the checks," said Bennett.
He obviously does more than that. For one thing he made the decision to move into a new direction on his farm.
Drip irrigation arrived at the JFB Ranch in '04 like it has on many SJV row crop operations over the past few years.
Bennett and Franco installed 178 acres of underground drip and all the necessary filtration before last season at a cost of $750 per acre.
Bennett has been considering installing buried drip irrigation systems for years and last year made the commitment for many reason — increasing water and labor costs and a perched water — to name the three most important.
Lowered expectations
"It was the first year, and I told Pete I did not expect any great water savings or big yield increases with the drip field since this was the beginning of learning process on how we could best make drip work," said Bennett.
Drip saved a little water. However, JFB Ranch was already highly efficient in water use before, growing cotton and tomato crops on as little as 24 inches of water using conventional sprinkler or furrow irrigation.
However, Franco did save money on drip. He said he used no preplant fertilizer and cut his in-season fertilizer use by 50 percent delivering nutrients through the drip system. There were also fewer weeds with drip, therefore, tractor trips were reduced. Those were not unexpected benefits.
The surprises were the cotton and tomato yields.
"Our first drip field did not go on the best ground, but it produced the best cotton yield and best tomato yield — by 10 tons per acre," said Bennett. It the first cotton field planted and the last harvested, starting Nov. 30.
"No one is going to believe five bales after almost four inches of rain fell on the field," said Bennett.
A field of Sierra RR next to the drip-irrigated Riata RR went 4.58 bales per acre. "The field where the Sierra was planted has always outyielded the field where the Riata was planted," said Franco. That reversal made the five-bale field even more satisfying.
The drip is installed to irrigate tomatoes on 72-inch beds and cotton on 36-inch beds.
JFB Ranch is a 6,000-acre farm, primarily a cotton/tomato operation with smaller acreages of garlic, onions, melons and alfalfa hay. There are about 3,800 acres of cotton each year on the ranch. Bennett owns a gin and is a partner in a tomato processor as well and his farm feeds those investments.
Technology revolution
The move to precision, micro irrigation is part of the remarkable technological evolution Bennett has seen in the last decade. He cites the rubber track Challenger, electronic sorters on tomato harvesters, precision farming and GPS/GIS tractor guidance system, transgenic cottons and a new array of cotton varieties as major as some of the more remarkable new technologies.
"Roundup Ready really pays off for us with the cotton/tomato rotation," said Bennett. "I think tomato seed comes with nightshade — at least it seems like it." We never had nightshade until we started growing tomatoes." Without the herbicide-resistant technology, Bennett said cotton weed control costs would skyrocket.
"We also know Riata is a good yielding variety for us, even without the technology," said Franco. "I think we get our technology fee back in added yield."
The California Planting Cotton Seed Distributors Riata was not the only variety grown on the Bennett ranch last season. There were also Phytogen varieties 72, 78 and the new 710R. CPCSD's Summit and Sierra also were in the variety mix as well. However, Riata is the mainstay, said Bennett.
Bennett admitted heavy rains knocked considerable Phytogen 72 on the ground last fall compared to the CPCSD varieties. "However, we need 72 in our variety mix because it can be a lot earlier than CPCSD varieties. We need all the varieties and all the chemicals we can get to do the best job we can,"
Bennett is putting in another 300 acres of drip this season, a decision made before the five-bale field was logged.
He is moving to drip to eventually make hopefully a sizeable dent in his water costs of $90 per acre. He also expects it to reduce labor costs. One irrigator, believes Franco, can manage 1,000 acres of drip-irrigated cotton. JFB Ranch now has as many as 30 irrigators
Lower weed costs
Bennett also expects weed control costs to go down. "We should have no dodder with drip. I do not know about nutgrass. Deep seeded weeds can still come up from six inches below the surfaces and grasses could still be problem. Overall, because we are not wetting the entire surface, there should be fewer weeds. However, I do not expect to abandon herbicide resistant cottons."
Bennett expects drip to really shine on marginal soils. "That is where we will see big improvements in yields. The first field where we installed drip is sort of a mediocre field, and you see what happened there.
"However, I think eventually more drip will start going into what they call candy soils in Westlands Water District around Huron, one of the highest yielding area of the valley. Rising costs will eventually push those areas into drip."
Even more important than that cost savings and higher yields, drip on row crop ground may actually keep Bennett and his neighbors in farming. JFB Ranch, like hundreds of others in the valley, is plagued by a perched water table. Seventy-five percent of JFB fields have drainage systems.
Farmers like JFB in Panoche Irrigation District will soon be cut off from their out-of-district drain water removal outlet. When the current outlet is gone in about four years, drain water will be left either in the district or on farms in ponds to be treated and re-used or evaporated away. It will undoubtedly drive up the cost of water for the district to manage the drain water. The best solution to perched water is to not create it.
What that means is that farmers like Bennett, who is Panoche's board chairman, will try as best they can to reach 100 percent water efficiency.
Drainage issue
"I don't think we can achieve total efficiency, but we have to try. With drip you can place the water right where the plant needs it and very little is flushed below the root zone, if it is managed properly," said Bennett.
"The drainage issue is huge for us. Unless we can solve the problem, we are talking about thousands of acres going out of production."
He also believes the cotton/tomato rotation can be altered with drip and improve income.
"Right now we cannot go back-to-back tomatoes. We like to stay out of tomatoes for 3 years — at least two for sure because of diseases and weed pressure," he said. "We may be able to go back-to-back tomatoes with drip or at least cut back the cotton rotation.
We are still learning about drip."
The drip field was installed with GPS technology.
"We bought our first GPS guidance system three years ago. We were so excited after we saw what it could do that first year, we bought two more the following year. This year we will add two more. All of our heavy work and planting will be done with GPS," said Bennett.
The GPS systems have proven to save 20 percent on tractor time and labor costs.
"These are very exciting times in agriculture with all the new technology. I only wish the economics were a little better," said Bennett.
"We are spending a lot of money on this new technology like drip and tractor guidance systems so we can be more efficient. I think the savings will pay off and keep us in business," he said.
Asked what he would put at the top of his new technology wish list, Bennett paused for a moment and said, "I'd like to have last year all over again. It demonstrated the real potential we have to produce in this valley when the growing season is perfect," he said.
e-mail: [email protected]


text:
Welcome to the CRG Discussion Forum!Forum registration problems: Make sure you enter your email correctly and you check your spam box first. *Then* email KurtS2@gmail for help.Classified ads are not allowed on the forum.
Here's a photo of the bracket and restraining cable around the upper control arm shaft that the dealers installed for the motormount recall.
This is what I have. I'm not sure what it fits but it's not the bracket John has. Anyone have an idea? I have 2 of them. They were in a box of junk I got with my last Camaro.
I know the recall was in place in 1972, for the 1969 Z-28's. It would be hard to believe that the mounts would be rotted away by that time. I would think it would be a problem with too many hard leaves breaking the mount. GM was known to change the mounts to interlocking style, if tubing headers had been installed, and the kit would not fit around the exhuast. Pat

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Woman's Own should be every 40+ woman's definitive go-to magazine, celebrating anti-ageing beauty advice and hot celebrity gossip in every issue. Read through useful money saving tips, quick and easy recipes (complemented by an in-house dietitian) and the latest health and wellbeing news. Each week comes a new Woman's Own issue, hear the gossip here first with your digital magazine subscription to Woman's Own.
With a subscription, you can receive your weekly dose of gossip and tips via your digital device of choice today - no hassle!
Woman's Own is the magazine that delivers all the hot gossip that women aged 40+ want to know about. Running since 1932, Woman's Own has become one of Britain's best-loved weekly magazines - always delivering all the juicy gossip! A digital magazine subscription to Woman's Own makes it a whole lot easier to keep up-to-date with celebrity news and the most recent tips and advice on beauty and health.
Priding itself on celebrating women, the magazine focuses their efforts on revealing news and fascinating stories based around the rich and famous - juicy gossip everyone likes to thrive off of. Featuring straight up and smart opinions, it is the perfect break for readers.
Woman's Own adopts a colloquial vibe, discussing beauty tips, advice and the all-important topic of fashion - what to wear and what not to wear. The issue is highly popular amongst so many women, as it targets so many different areas such as food, travel, celebrities, health, beauty and fashion.
Become a part of the Woman's Own readership and subscribe to a digital magazine today!


text:
Do you think sbk is a midget? Because I always thought of him as a midget and in my mind's eye he's wearing a sleeveless t-shirt with one of those copper brackets that are supposed to give you better balance.
Did you take Spanish in school? Why do the Mexicans put their punctuation marks one the beginning and end of their dialogue? And why upside down prior to the sentence?
Also, is it only question marks and exclamation points? Or periods too?
lol what are you talking about?
If for some reason you can't let me know, so I can change it so you can.
You just go to "Forum Actions" then "Edit Profile", and change it there.
Senior Member
vBulletin Skins by Bluepearl Skins


text:
dresser s is a popular product of this week and It's expected to be out of stock soon. If you plan to buy dresser s We recommend that you should order before the goods are out of stock. If you would like tpurchase dresser sonline but you are worried about the dresser s price tomorrow will be reduced. We recommend that you should buy gold to keep and sell on future. If you would like to own dresser s Now and you have enough money to buy dresser s. You should ask yourself, Why do you waiting to buy?, If you don't have a good reason, I think you can buy now but you may would like to see any more information before to buy.
Home Furniture Shopping Online Videos and Reviews
Customer Reviews
Value Quality Price
GoodReview by Anonymous usersThis is a great dresser s and looks much more expensive than it is. I agree with some other reviewers that it does not smell good when it first came on, so I'm hoping it will go away. The smell left after my first time with him. Thinking about getting it in another color. Love this dresser s! The quality of the scarf is great! The colors are very pretty, true to the picture, and the size is great as well.
Value Quality Price
NicelyReview by Anonymous usersGreat dresser s! Love the material and fit! Will buy in other colors too! I love this Sage Avenue Harriet 5 Drawer Chest. I bought the black first and then I ordered the target. I love the fit, too. I can buy another color later if it is still available. Very happy with my purchase! This dresser s price was cheaper than department store. it is very good. This will be perfect to use in my home party.
Value Quality Price
GoodReview by Anonymous usersI'm glad I bought this dresser s. I feel like using it to work and social occasions. And of course, I love the dresser s! A well designed function that does not add volume. 2 words: When I saw this dresser s, I immediately thought that it's meant for me. My dear loved it so much.


text:
Opponents of a new California law that spells out the rights of transgender students in public schools have cleared the next hurdle in their effort to repeal the law at the ballot box, state elections officials said Wednesday.
A spot check of petitions circulated by backers of a proposed voter referendum on the law showed enough were valid to trigger further review of the signatures needed to qualify the measure for the November ballot, according to figures compiled by the secretary of state.
Projections based on random sampling indicated that the referendum's backers -- a coalition of conservative groups called Privacy for All -- obtained 95.6 percent of the 504,760 signatures required to force a public vote on the law passed last year by the California Legislature and signed by Gov. Jerry Brown.
That was only a few thousand more than they needed to prompt the next step in the qualification process -- a full check of all 619,244 signatures submitted, the secretary of state's office said.
It could take more than a month for that work to be completed. County election officials have until Feb. 24 to review the signatures gathered in their jurisdictions to see if they were obtained from properly registered voters and then to report their findings to the state.
The law that is the subject of the referendum attempt took effect Jan. 1. It guarantees students in grades K-12 the right to use school facilities such as bathrooms and locker rooms and to participate in the sex-segregated activities that correspond with their expressed genders instead of their school records.
Supporters said it was needed to spell out protections that already exist under state anti-discrimination laws but are often overlooked or improperly applied by educators fielding requests from transgender students and their families.
Opponents maintain it violates the privacy of youngsters who may be uncomfortable sharing facilities with classmates of the opposite biological sex.
Some school districts around California, as well as the education departments in Massachusetts and Connecticut, have implemented similar policies by regulation. But California is the first state to detail the rights of transgender students in schools by statute.
Although the law's opponents have focused on potential abuses and awkward encounters in bathrooms and locker rooms, schools preparing to implement the law also are evaluating what it means for yearbook photo dress codes, sleeping arrangements for overnight field trips and activities such as choirs and recreational sports where girls and boys are often separated.
The California Interscholastic Federation, which governs competitive high school sports, adopted a detailed process in 2012 that students must follow if they want to play on a team that is not consistent with their sex at birth.
If the referendum makes the ballot, it will be put on hold until after the election.


text:
posted by Thom Holwerda on Tue 4th Jul 2006 10:35 UTC, submitted by anonymous
When developping in a large team, you have to make convention about the use of tab in source code. This article suggests a better solution: rather than saying that a tab character (a 'hard tab') will move the cursor until the cursor's position is a multiple of N characters, we should say that a tab character is a delimiter between table cells. This has a nice side effect, since proportional fonts can now be used.


text:
|Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
The Information Development Plan (IDP) formalises an ongoing and effective relationship between the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the ACT Government which is important to the Australian and ACT Governments as well as the community. Promotion of the effective use of data, including, but not limited to, data collected by the ABS and administrative data held by the ACT Government, results in better informed public policy formulation, implementation and evaluation.
This IDP recognises the important role that quality statistics play in informed decision making within governments, business and the community. High-quality data is necessary for the development and evaluation of government policy outcomes.
This IDP continues to build on the previous two ACT Information Development Plans1 and seeks to:
Under this IDP an annual Implementation Plan will be developed to outline specific activities that the ABS and ACT Government will collaborate on to achieve the IDP goals.
Goal One
The benefits of high-quality information for the ACT are recognised and utilised, particularly, in the areas of:
Administrative data is collected and managed in a way that provides a statistical picture of the economy, society, environment and the business of governing the Territory.
Goal Three
Administrative data, as well as data from other relevant sources, is used to assist with
Statistical standards, policies and tools in the collection of administrative data, are used in order to maximise the usefulness of this data and its flexibility for use with other data sources.
Through delivery of the IDP Implementation Plan the ABS and ACT Government will work together, in conjunction with other partners, to achieve the above goals.
The high level goals of this IDP reflect, and are aligned with, the four goals of the National Statistical Service (NSS). The NSS goals recognise that high quality data (not just from the ABS, but from many sources - including from the ACT Government itself) is produced in an environment where:
This IDP recognises the strategic importance of the data that is collected by the ACT Government to the good management of the ACT and the nation. Implementation of this plan requires a high level governance to ensure that any resources dedicated to the collection, management and analysis of data are targeted to areas of most benefit to the ACT Government itself, as well as its responsibilities in contributing to national datasets. This is addressed and agreed through the annual IDP Implementation Plan process.
ABS role
The ABS will contribute to this IDP by developing frameworks and standards and collaborating with the ACT Government in the development, collection, co-ordination, application and dissemination of statistical information (whether from the ABS or other sources) about the ACT. The ABS will support the ACT Government in the collection and provision of high quality data.
ACT Government role
The ACT Government will contribute to this IDP through the collection of data derived from administrative records and other sources relating to their various policy areas and the management of the Territory, including a significant amount of data that is provided to the ABS and other partners to produce statistics about the ACT and the nation as a whole. The ACT Government will work with the ABS and other partners to maximise the quality of the data it collects both for its own use and to contribute to national data sets.
A sound partnership
The IDP will provide a framework under which the ABS and the ACT Government will work together to ensure the quality and timeliness of this data. This partnership will occur under the following governance structure.
This IDP provides a high level strategic framework for the ABS and the ACT Government to work together for their mutual benefit. Under the IDP, the ACT Government will assist the ABS with the provision of high quality information that will contribute to the production of a range of national statistics and the ABS will assist the ACT Government with improving the quality of its administrative data to support their policy development and decision making.
Document Selection
These documents will be presented in a new window.


text:
Next Gen
Half-Life to Vice City: 8 classics we want remastered for next-gen
If we're only going to get remasters and HD remakes for Xbox One and PS4 in the near future, can we have these ones please?
Next Gen headlines
E3 2014: It's time for the true next-gen to shine
As format holders and publishers ready their E3 announcements, Matt Martin says its time to buy into the next generation dream.
Sony Worldwide president says PS3 will last at least for "the next couple of years"
GamesIndustry spoke with Sony Worldwide Studios boss Shuhei Yoshida about the future of the PS3 going forward with the launch of the PlayStation 4 just six weeks away, and he says he is holding out hope that the current-gen console will continue to thrive in the next few years due to the price difference between […]
FIFA 14 Next-Gen - EG Expo 2013 Livestream - EA talks the next generation of football games
At 3pm EA Sports takes to the stage at Eurogamer Expo to talk about the next-gen versions of FIFA 14, its flagship sports title. You can watch the session right here.
PS4 games have suggested retail prices of £55-60
Retailer ShopTo is reporting that first party PlayStation 4 games will carry suggested retail prices of £54.99 and £59.99. It also says that a DualShock 4 controller and the PlayStation Camera will be set at £54.99 each.
Call of Duty: Ghosts executive producer talks next-gen
You might have heard that Call of Duty: Ghosts is coming out this year. It's going to be on both current and next-gen consoles, which has presented a number of issues to developer Infinity Ward. Executive producer Mark Rubin has spoken about the transition to next-gen and what players can expect from the new engine.
PS4, Wii U, Xbox One combined unit sales to be 5% lower than current gen - research firm
Cloud-based streaming won't be a selling point for next-gen consoles, according to a new report from ABI Research, which also doesn't expect unit sales to reach those of current-gen systems within the first five years at market.
EA to reveal next UFC title tomorrow
Electronic Arts will reveal the first details of its Ultimate Fighting Championship game tomorrow, the same day when Microsoft's holding its next-gen Xbox event, the company announced.
Bleszinski: next-gen console winner will embrace "connectivity, sharing, user content"
When in comes to next-gen systems, Cliff Bleszinski feels Sony's really embraced the indie and sharing scenes, and he's really interested in what Microsoft has to show on May 21.
Capcom predicts next-gen development costs to "soar"
Capcom has told investors that it believes the cost of developing games for next generation platforms will rise significantly as a result of the additional functions of the new hardware.
Rainbow Six: Patriots development wrapped up by Ubisoft Toronto
Ubisoft Toronto has finished working on its portion of Rainbow Six: Patriots, studio boss Jade Raymond has told VG247's Sam Clay.
Next-gen systems may allow developers to self-publish patches - rumor
Overkill Software's Simon Vikland has said he's heard around town that next-gen consoles will make it possible to self-publish patches, which if true, would be a boon for smaller development firms.
Ian Livingstone discusses next-Xbox rumors which hint at watermarked discs
The general consensus is that future consoles will be digital only, and something Eidos life president Ian Livingstone agrees with fully.
EA expects next-gen to be more cost effective thanks to its proprietary Frostbite engine
EA's chief financial officer Blake Jorgensen has said next-gen will be a more cost effective transition for the firm, and part of this has to do with Frostbite being the firm's proprietary engine.
Gabe Newell's DICE 2013 talk covers cloud gaming, next-gen, and Steambox
Valve boss Gabe Newell gave a talk at DICE 2013 this week, and he said all sorts of lovely things like: the Steambox price point will be a much lower cost than many living-room devices; he talked about how he is skeptical of cloud gaming; how his vision for video games is a bit on […]
Bethesda hiring future generation console programmer
Bethesda has a position open for someone with programming experience, and said person would be working with "future generation consoles."
Sleeping Dogs developer United Front hiring next-gen multiplayer programmers
Sleeping Dogs developer United Front is hiring network programmers in order to develop "multiplayer features of [its] next-gen console title". The listing, spotted by NeoGAF and posted on OXM, reads: "We are looking for an experienced network programmer to work with our online team to develop the multiplayer features of our next-gen console title." The […]
Unprepared third-parties won't survive next-gen transition, says Take Two CEO
Take-Two CEO Strauss Zelnick expects some third-party publishers will be unable to handle the transition to next-gen consoles, and ultimately going out of business should history repeat itself.
Xbox TV device rumor resurfaces, to be unveiled in 2013
Rumors of an Xbox TV device have resurfaced, and sources close to the matter have stated the "always on" device will run on core Windows 8 components.
Ubisoft developing current and next-gen titles in tandem, Watch Dogs still on for 2013
Ubisoft CEO Yves Guillemot has said the firm is currently developing titles for current and next-gen systems simultaneously, and reiterated a 2013 release for Watch Dogs during a financial call to investors today.
Page 1
Next Gen latest
Half-Life to Vice City: 8 classics we want remastered for next-gen
Sony Worldwide president says PS3 will last at least for "the next couple of years"
FIFA 14 Next-Gen – EG Expo 2013 Livestream – EA talks the next generation of football games
PS4, Wii U, Xbox One combined unit sales to be 5% lower than current gen – research firm
Bleszinski: next-gen console winner will embrace "connectivity, sharing, user content"
Rainbow Six: Patriots development wrapped up by Ubisoft Toronto
Next-gen systems may allow developers to self-publish patches – rumor
Ian Livingstone discusses next-Xbox rumors which hint at watermarked discs
EA expects next-gen to be more cost effective thanks to its proprietary Frostbite engine
Gabe Newell's DICE 2013 talk covers cloud gaming, next-gen, and Steambox
Sleeping Dogs developer United Front hiring next-gen multiplayer programmers
Unprepared third-parties won't survive next-gen transition, says Take Two CEO
Ubisoft developing current and next-gen titles in tandem, Watch Dogs still on for 2013
Yaiba: Ninja Gaiden Z job listings state the game is headed to next-gen consoles
Blizzard's Pardo suspects next-gen will be "the last" for traditional consoles
Xbox 720 – Microsoft could delay launch "until spring 2014," says Pachter
EA's Gibeau expects PS4 and next-Xbox to hit retail "in about a year's time"
Whore of the Orient: LA Noire team's new PS4, Xbox 720 game detailed
Gearbox has a "few things going" for next-gen, teases Pitchford
Crytek: 'Next gen consoles are overdue, tablets catching up'


text:
Cock Mongler's dark alter ego. Using it's unadulterated force to punish those who offend it...which would be everyone. It uses it's evil mongling abilities to travel deep into one's soul and molest it to shreds. It also enjoys parsley soda.
It's time for thefinal confrontation between Cock Mongler and Soul Mongler!
by nickreaper October 21, 2011


text:
Google is bolstering their position as one of the most comprehensive mapping services in the world today by adding new high-resolution satellite and aerial imagery to dozens of cities from around the globe, along with new 45-degree imagery as well. Meanwhile, Apple CEO Tim Cook released a statement on Apple.com telling users how to find and use alternative solutions to their own iOS 6 Maps.
Announced on the Google Lat-Long Blog, 51 cities have new 45-degree photography shots available to view in Google Maps, 37 US and 14 international locations. The new pictures added to Maps show off things like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and The Forks in Winnipeg.
Also added were new high-resolution aerial photography for 17 cities, including everywhere from France to Texas, and new satellite imagery for 112 countries and regions.
Google already has the leading edge when it comes to mapping data and virtual mapping solutions. The constant improvements Google makes and additions like this only help push them further ahead of the competition.
On the other end of the spectrum, Apple CEO Tim Cook has written and posted a letter on Apple's website that offers a quick explanation on how iOS users can use the App Store or web browser to find alternatives to the highly criticized iOS 6 Maps app.
Apple has gone so far as to add a map app hub in the App Store to make it easier on consumers. By not having a bonafide native app ready in time, Google is really missing out on some potentially massive traffic to their service. Nonetheless, in Cook's letter, he mentions that you can pin a link to Google Maps on your iPhone's homescreen by visiting Google online.
Earlier this week, it was reported that Apple had over one year left in its contract with Google to use their mapping services, but the two couldn't come an agreement on how the future of Google Maps on iOS would work out. So Apple implemented their own solution, only to have to offer up a public apology for how poorly it turned out.


text:
You have until Feb 01, 2019 to return or exchange items bought after Nov 01, 2018. All other standard return policy conditions apply.
This item is noncancelable and nonreturnable.
From Voice Technologies the VT500 is a professional omni-directional lavalier microphone with a flat, wide frequency response that is designed for crucial reproduction of vocals. Designed for outstanding performance in broadcast, theatrical and sound-reinforcement applications, the VT500's frequency response delivers exceptionally transparent audio reproduction with minimal noise.
Speech clarity is enhanced with a slight rise in frequency response at the upper frequency range, while the omni-directional polar pattern suppresses handling and clothing noise. Noise caused by radio frequency interference is also minimized with an internal RF filter. The 5-foot (1.5 meter) cable is rugged and moisture proof and also features excellent isolation from handling noise.
|Electret Condenser
|Polar Pattern
|Frequency Response
|20Hz to 20kHz
|Dynamic Range (Typical)
|not specified by manufacturer
|Signal-to-Noise Ratio
|26dB "A" weighted
|Maximum Input Sound Level
|not specified by manufacturer
|Power Requirements
|1.5V to 9.0 V (max.)
|Output Impedance
|3,000 ohms
|Output Connectors
|Pigtail (Unterminated) Lead
|Low Frequency Roll-Off
|.51 x .27 x .13" (13 x 7 x 3.5mm)
|7 grams (.25 oz)
|Packaging Infocvsvbqecbtrrbervrdyrsxctsawwxfasur
|Package Weight
|1.0 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|7.0 x 7.0 x 7.0"


text:
2013 Annual Meeting
Montréal, Québec, Canada | November 1-5, 2013
Leanne Bowler, University of Pittsburgh
Eleanor Mattern, University of Pittsburgh
Wei Jeng, University of Pittsburgh
Jung Sun Oh, University of Pittsburgh
Daqing He, University of Pittsburgh
Sunday, 3:30pm
The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of social question and answer (Q&A) sites as a health information source for teens. To do so we investigated answers to 81 informational questions about eating disorders posted in Yahoo! Answers, a social Q&A site. Through a content analysis, we found that users do not always respond to eating disorder questions with credible, factual information, even if the need for it was expressed in the question. The findings suggest that people who pose questions in Yahoo! Answers use it as a social and emotional scaffold rather than an informational source, even if their questions are couched in terms that suggest they are seeking information. Further, a large portion of the people who answer such questions understand this to be the purpose and rarely provide answers drawn from evidence-based medicine or reliable, credible sources for health information. Through the investigation of the answers to questions on a health topic that is prevalent amongst teens, this study deepens our understanding of the health information behavior of young people and the quality of the health information they find in Yahoo! Answers.


text:
GULFPORT, Miss., Jan. 28, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Hancock Holding Company (Nasdaq:HBHC) today announced that the company's board of directors approved a regular first quarter 2013 common stock cash dividend of $0.24 per share.
Approved during the January meeting of the company's board of directors, the regular quarterly common stock cash dividend is payable March 15, 2013 to shareholders of record as of March 5, 2013.
About Hancock Holding Company
Hancock Holding Company, the parent company of Hancock Bank and Whitney Bank, operates more than 250 branches and over 350 ATMs across Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, and Texas.
The Hancock Holding Company family of financial services companies also includes Hancock Investment Services, Inc.; Hancock Insurance Agency and Whitney Insurance Agency, Inc.; and corporate trust offices in Gulfport and Jackson, Miss., New Orleans and Baton Rouge, La., and Orlando, Fla.; and Harrison Finance Company.
Additional information is available at www.hancockbank.com and www.whitneybank.com.
The Hancock Holding Company logo is available at http://www.globenewswire.com/newsroom/prs/?pkgid=2758
CONTACT: For More Information Trisha Voltz Carlson, SVP Investor Relations Manager 504-299-5208 or email@example.com
Source:Hancock Holding Company


text:
Tetramode - Psychedelic Home Decor
Cosmic Flow Psychedelic UV-Reactive Tapestry
Sale price $70 Regular price
• Can be used as Wall Decoration, Bed Spreads, Festival Drop Cloths, Camp Decoration, Table Cloths & Picnic Blankets.
• UV Reaction
• Everlasting Vibrant print
• Made in USA
• Triple-Stitched for Durability
• 100% Polyester
• Material made from recycled plastic bottles
• UV Reaction
• Everlasting Vibrant print
• Made in USA
• Triple-Stitched for Durability
• 100% Polyester
• Material made from recycled plastic bottles
A heavy weight fade-resistant polyester UV-Reactive Psychedelic Tapestry that can be used as a Wall hanging, floor covering or table cloth if so desired. Perfect for home decor, parties and festivals. Made in the USA
How long does it take to get my order? Due to our production process all orders take 2-3 weeks for delivery after you order. International orders on average take 21-28 days. Memorial Day - Labor Day is Peak Festival Season, If you are ordering between those dates it is not out of the ordinary for delivery up to 3-4 weeks for domestic orders due to higher sale volumes.
How do I track my order? All items take about 2-3 weeks to be made and delivered. We send out tracking information daily, you don't ever need to message us asking for this information, however if you are excited and must know We ask our customers not to email us before 2 weeks after the order is placed. To request tracking information please visit our contact directory for more info [Contact Directory]
How are your clothes made? All textile items are produced on demand. When your order is placed, we enter it into our database. At that point it is printed, and cut for sewers to stitch together, located in the US. The order is then sent over to our Quality Control department for pre-shipment inspection. Once your order has passed QC it is sent over to our shipping department where it is prepared and dispatched for final delivery. Once the package is sent to the carrier you can expect to wait up to 5 business days for delivery.
What country is your clothes manufactured in? all of our apparel is produced in the us. Our textile blends are all produced from recycled plastic bottles.
Do you offer expedited shipping? Unfortunately due to our made on demand process. We can not offer expedited shipping. If you are ordering for an event please plan accordingly
How do I find my size? All size charts are on the product listings.
Why did I only get some of my order? If your a US customer and your order consists of clothes and non-clothing products. You will receive your order in two shipments. All clothing products is shipped from Kansas, and non-clothing items are shipped from NY.
What happends if my package says delivered but I didnt receive it? In the event your package is lost you will need to file a claim with the postal carrier. We are only responsible for supplying the tracking # so that you can track it. We automatically send you a tracking email when your item has been shipped. We ship to the address you provide to us when you place your order, this is an automated process and are not responsible for being given the wrong shipping information.
What is your Return/Exchange Policy? Please visit: https://www.samuelfarrand.com/pages/refunds-exchanges
Where do I send my exchange/return? All returns/exchanges need to be shipped to our return center in NY. This address is on the exchange/ return form. If you ship your exchange/ return to our Shipping department in Kansas it will be returned to the sender and not processed and you run the risk of it getting lost in the mail, in which we are not held responsible for more info on returns please visit our Exchange/Returns page found [here]
What if I ordered the wrong size? If you ordered the wrong size you need to message our Replacements department found in our [Contact Directory] within 7 days of the order being marked as delivered. All exchanges with value over $100 are subject to a 15% restocking fee. If you plan to make a large purchase we suggest you order 2 sizes first to see what fits you best, then once you have the size you need, complete your purchase.
How do I wash and care for my clothes? We recommend washing in cold water, inside out. Tumbled, low dry or even air dried. Never use hot water or an iron, it will permanently damage the apparel. Some textiles we use are finely woven like wool and may develop fabric pills. To keep your clothing looking fresh and new we recommend removing them with a depiller once a month. Overtime this will go away and depilling will no longer be needed.
What if my Question isn't on the FAQ? If you can't find your answer in this FAQ please don't hesitate to email one of our customer service representatives firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Video: Shark Dream by Andy Casagrande
Andy Casagrande has posted an underwater video shot on a RED EPIC at 5K resolution. Entitled "Shark Dream", it features a series of slow motion shots, all featuring sharks. The aim is to portray this as a "shark dream … not a nightmare" and it was "created to inspire people to care about sharks". The filmmaker suggests that people should go to Shark Angels to find out more about the plight of these animals.


text:
Clara Van Wel wins New Zealand's Got Talent 2012
Clara Van Wel wins New Zealand's Got Talent 2012
Marlborough teenager Clara Van Wel has been named the winner of TV ONE's New Zealand's Got Talent.
In tonight's Decider episode, New Zealand's Got Talent host Tamati Coffey revealed the 15-year-old singer/songwriter was the favourite after public votes from last week's Grand Final were counted and collated.
Wellington's Jessie Hillel was named runner-up, and Auckland teen Evan Sinton was placed third.
Van Wel was briefly overcome by tears as she struggled to digest the news she had beaten more than 5,000 other acts to win the competition.
In front of an elated audience and judges Jason Kerrison, Rachel Hunter and Ali Campbell she said she felt as if she were dreaming.
"This whole journey has been incredible," she said.
"Can someone pinch me, please?!"
Throughout the competition Van Wel was a popular contestant, singing original compositions and accompanying herself on guitar in each round.
After her first audition, Ali Campbell described her as a serious talent. During the semi-finals, Rachel Hunter told her she 'oozed' the superstar factor.
And at last week's Grand Final Jason Kerrison was convinced the Year 11 student would be 'it.'
"Clara, you touch the minds of people, not just in this room but watching their televisions around the country," he said.
Van Wel has been singing since she was a toddler, as well as playing the acoustic guitar and ukulele.
She is also a prolific songwriter, with a catalogue of over 50 original tracks.
She says she draws inspiration from the many books she loves to devour in her spare time.
"I think the music I write is really special and different," says Van Wel.
"It comes from
the heart and I'm totally committed to it
"I have my own style and to be able to share that is a beautiful thing."
As part of her prize Van Wel receives $100,000 and a brand new 2013 Toyota Corolla.
She is also
headed into the studio to record her first single, 'Where Do
You Find Love?', which will be released before
Results of public voting for New Zealand's Got Talent 2012
1. Clara Van Wel
2. Jessie Hilel
3. Evan Sinton
4. J Geeks
5. Fletcher Oxford
6. 'Big Dane' Moeke
7. Mihirangi Fleming
8. Olivia Turner
9. Dudley Fairbrass
10. Tawaroa Kawana
11. Logan Walker
12. Zane and Degge


text:
Thank you! Louie had his Orthopedic consult and needs TPLO surgery. We have a long road ahead of us but so appreciate your help!
~K and Louie
We can easily pay $5 for a fancy cup of coffee these days. If you would consider giving only $5 a month (the price of that cup of coffee) over the course of a year it would get one wounded or suffering animal to the vet. That's spectacular, for only $5 monthly. Sign up for regular donations using the form below
Or you can make a check out
to the Shakespeare Animal Fund
Send it to:
Shakespeare Animal Fund
P.O. Box 8201 Reno, NV 89507
Your logo and information will be on our website, all our promotional materials, prominent at our fundraisiers, on press releases and live interviews. Email firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Email: email@example.com
The Shakespeare Animal Fund is a
recognized 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization
Save the lives of pets and get some perks too! Become a Member of SAF.
Learn more about Memberships here.
"How you behave toward cats here below determines your status in Heaven." - Robert A. Heinlein
Proceeds from Seeds of Inspiration products sold here will go directly to Shakespeare Animal Funds!
Cat Sach' Catnip Toy - Organic and Recycled!
(mouse over for description)
Pooch Pal Scented Dog Toy
from recycled denim
(mouse over for description)
If you've got a story or poem about the animal companions in your life, please send it to us to put on the site and share with others.


text:
We're pleased to announce that the English version of Dragonborn is now available to PS3 users in North America and European territories. It can be downloaded from the PlayStation Store for 50% off ($9.99/£6.49) this week. We're still awaiting release dates for France, Germany, Spain and Italy. A release date for those territories will be confirmed as soon as possible.
Have a great time in Solstheim.


text:
The 2007 Bali conference heard repeated calls for reductions in global greenhouse gas emissions of 50 per cent by 2050 to avoid exceeding the 2°C threshold. While such endpoint targets dominate the policy agenda, they do not, in isolation, have a scientific basis and are likely to lead to dangerously misguided policies. To be scientifically credible, policy must be informed by an understanding of cumulative emissions and associated emission pathways. This analysis considers the implications of the 2°C threshold and a range of post-peak emission reduction rates for global emission pathways and cumulative emission budgets. The paper examines whether empirical estimates of greenhouse gas emissions between 2000 and 2008, a period typically modelled within scenario studies, combined with short-term extrapolations of current emissions trends, significantly constrains the 2000–2100 emission pathways. The paper concludes that it is increasingly unlikely any global agreement will deliver the radical reversal in emission trends required for stabilization at 450 ppmv carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Similarly, the current framing of climate change cannot be reconciled with the rates of mitigation necessary to stabilize at 550 ppmv CO2e and even an optimistic interpretation suggests stabilization much below 650 ppmv CO2e is improbable.
1. Introduction
In the absence of global agreement on a metric for delineating dangerous from acceptable climate change, 2°C has, almost by default, emerged as the principal focus of international and national policy.1 Moreover, within the scientific community, 2°C has come to provide a benchmark temperature against which to consider atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emission reduction profiles. While it is legitimate to question whether temperature is an appropriate metric for representing climate change and, if it is, whether 2°C is the appropriate temperature (Tol 2007), this is not the purpose of this paper. Instead, the paper begins by considering the implications of the 2°C threshold for global emission pathways, before proceeding to consider the implications of different emission pathways on stabilization concentrations and associated temperatures.
Although the policy realm generally focuses on the emissions profiles between 2000 and 2050, the scientific community tends to consider longer periods, typically up to and beyond 2100. By using a range of cumulative carbon budgets with differing degrees of carbon-cycle feedbacks, this paper assesses whether global emissions of greenhouse gases between 2000 and 2008, combined with short-term extrapolations of emission trends, significantly impact the 2008–2100 cumulative emission budget available, and hence emission pathways.
In brief, the paper combines current greenhouse gas emissions data (including deforestation) with up-to-date emission trends and the latest scientific understanding of the relationships between emissions and concentrations to consider three questions.
Given a small set of emissions pathways from 2000 to a date where global emissions are assumed to peak (2015, 2020 and 2025), what emission reduction rates would be necessary to remain within the 2000–2100 cumulative emission budgets associated with atmospheric stabilization of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) at 450 ppmv? The accompanying scenario set is hereafter referred to as 'Anderson Bows 1' (AB1).
Given the same pathways from 2000 to the 2020 emissions peak, what concentrations of CO2e are associated with subsequent annual emission reduction rates of 3, 5 and 7 per cent? The accompanying scenario set is hereafter referred to as 'Anderson Bows 2' (AB2).
What are the implications of the findings from (i) and (ii) for the current framing of the climate agenda more generally, and the appropriateness of the 2°C threshold as the driver of mitigation and adaptation policy more specifically?
2. Analysis framing
(a) Correlating 2°C with greenhouse gas concentration and carbon budgets
What constitutes an acceptable temperature increase is a political rather than a scientific decision, though the former may be informed by science. By contrast, the correlation between temperature, atmospheric concentration of CO2e and anthropogenic cumulative emission budgets emerges, primarily, from our scientific understanding of how the climate functions.
According to a recent synthesis of global climate models (Meinshausen 2006, table 28.1), the 550 ppmv CO2e concentration, around which much policy discussion revolves, suggests an 82 per cent mid-value probability of exceeding 2°C. By contrast, to provide a 93 per cent mid-value probability of not exceeding 2°C, the concentration would need to be stabilized at, or below, 350 ppmv CO2e, i.e. below current levels. While Meinshausen's analysis demonstrates the gulf between the science and the policy of approximately 2°C, the analysis within the IPCC's fourth assessment report (IPCC 2007a), hereafter AR4, suggests that the scale of the challenge is even more demanding. Not only has the 'best estimate' of climate sensitivity risen from 2.5°C in the 1996 report (IPCC 1996, p. 39) to 3°C in AR4, but also the inclusion of carbon-cycle feedbacks has significantly reduced the cumulative anthropogenic emissions (carbon budget) associated with particular concentrations of CO2e (IPCC 2007a, topic 5, p. 6).
Understanding current emission trends in particular and the links between global temperature changes and national emission budgets more generally (sometimes referred to as the 'correlation trail'; Anderson & Bows 2007), is essential if policy is to be evidence based. Currently, national and international policies are dominated by long-term reduction targets with little regard for the cumulative carbon budget described by particular emission pathways. Within the UK, for example, while the government acknowledges the link between temperature and concentration, the principal focus of its policies is on reducing emissions by 60 per cent by 2050 (excluding international aviation and shipping; Bows & Anderson 2007). Closer examination of the UK's relatively 'mature' climate change policy reveals a further inconsistency. Within many official documents 550 ppmv CO2e and 550 ppmv CO2 are used interchangeably,2 with the latter equating to approximately 615 ppmv CO2e (extrapolated from IPCC 2007a, topic guide 5, table 5.1); the policy repercussions of this scale of ambiguity are substantial.
Whether considering climate change from an international, national or regional perspective, it is essential that the associated policy debate be informed by the latest science on the 'correlation trail' from temperature and atmospheric concentrations of CO2e through to global carbon budgets and national emission pathways. Without such an informed debate, the scientific and policy uncertainties that unavoidably arise are exacerbated unnecessarily and significantly.
(b) Recent emissions data and science: impact on carbon budgets
(i) Carbon-cycle feedbacks
The atmospheric concentration of CO2 depends not only on the quantity of emissions emitted into the atmosphere (natural and anthropogenic), but also on land use changes and the capacity of carbon sinks within the biosphere. As the atmospheric concentration of CO2 increases (at least within reasonable bounds), so there is a net increase in its take-up rate from the atmosphere by vegetation and the ocean. However, changes in rainfall and temperature in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations affect the absorptive capacity of natural sinks (Jones et al. 2006; Canadell et al. 2007; Le Quéré et al. 2007). While the complex and interactive nature of these effects leads to uncertainties with regard to the size of the carbon-cycle feedbacks (Cox et al. 2006), all models studied agree that a global mean temperature increase will reduce the biosphere's ability to store carbon emissions over the time scales considered here (Friedlingstein et al. 2006). Consequently, pathways to stabilizing CO2 concentrations that include feedbacks have lower permissible emissions than those pathways that exclude such feedbacks. According to AR4, for example, with feedbacks included, stabilizing at 450 ppmv CO2e correlates with cumulative emissions some 27 per cent lower than without feedbacks, over a 100-year period (IPCC 2007a, topic guide 5, p. 6). The impact of this latest science on the link between emissions and temperature is of sufficient scale to require the emission-reduction pathways associated with particular concentrations and hence temperatures be revisited.
(ii) Latest empirical emissions data
The current suites of emission scenarios informing the international and national climate change agenda seldom include empirical emissions data post-2000, choosing instead to model recent emissions; both the 2006 Stern Review (Stern 2006, p. 231) and the UK's 2007 draft climate change bill (DEFRA 2007) illustrate this tendency. However, recent empirical data have shown global emissions to have risen at rates well in excess of those contained within these and many other emissions scenarios (Raupach et al. 2007). For example, while Stern assumes a mean annual CO2e emission growth between 2000 and 2006 of approximately 0.95 per cent, the growth rate calculated from the latest empirical data is closer to 2.4 per cent.3 Similarly, the UK's draft climate change bill (DEFRA 2007) contains an emission pathway between 2000 and 2006 in which emissions fall, while over the same period the UK Government's emission inventory suggests, at best, that emissions have been stable.
A further and important revision to recent emissions data relates to deforestation. Within many scenarios, including Stern, emissions resulting from deforestation are estimated to be in the region of 7.3 GtCO2 in 2000. However, recent data have suggested this to be an overestimate, with R. A. Houghton (2006, personal communication) having recently revised his earlier figure downward to 5.5 GtCO2.4 The impact of this reduction allied to the latest emission data reinforces the need to revisit emission pathways.
3. Scenario analysis
(a) Overview
The scenario analysis presented within this paper is for the basket of six greenhouse gases only and relies, principally, on the scientific understanding contained within AR4. The analysis does not take account of the following:
the radiative forcing impacts of aerosols and non-CO2 aviation emissions (e.g. emissions of NOx in the upper troposphere, vapour trails and cirrus formation);5
the most recent findings with respect to carbon sinks;6
previously underestimated emission sources;7 and
the implications of early emission peaks for 'overshooting' stabilization concentrations and the attendant risks of additional feedbacks.
While aerosols are most commonly associated with net global (or at least regional) cooling, the other factors outlined above are either net positive feedbacks or, as is the case for high peak-level emissions, increase the likelihood of net positive feedbacks. Consequently, the correlations between concentration and mitigation outlined in this analysis are, in time, liable to prove conservative.
The scenarios are for CO2e emission pathways during the twenty-first century, with empirical data used for the opening years of the century (in contrast to modelled or 'what if' data). The full scenario sets (AB1 and AB2) comprise different combinations of the following: (i) emissions of CO2 from deforestation, (ii) emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, and (iii) emissions of CO2 from energy and industrial processes.
For AB1
Deforestation. Two low emission scenarios for the twenty-first century.
Non-CO2 greenhouse gases. Three scenarios peaking in 2015, 2020 and 2025 and subsequently reducing to 7.5 GtCO2e per year.
Energy and process CO2. Three scenarios peaking in 2015, 2020 and 2025 and subsequently reducing to maintain the total cumulative emissions for the twenty-first century within the AR4 450 ppmv CO2e range (with carbon-cycle feedbacks).
For AB2
Deforestation. Two low emission scenarios for the twenty-first century.
Non-CO2 greenhouse gases. One scenario peaking in 2020 subsequently reducing to 7.5 GtCO2e per year (as per AB1 with a 2020 peak).
Energy and process CO2. Three scenarios, each following the same pathway to a 2020 peak, but subsequently reducing at different rates to maintain total annual CO2e reductions of 3, 5 and 7 per cent.
The following sections detail the deforestation and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission scenarios used to derive the post-peak energy and process CO2 emission scenarios and ultimately the total global CO2e scenarios for the twenty-first century.
(b) Deforestation emissions
A significant portion of the current global annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions are attributable to deforestation (in the region of 12–25%). However, carbon mitigation policy, particularly in OECD nations, tends to focus on those emissions from energy and industrial processes (hereafter referred to as energy and process emissions), with less direct regard for emissions arising from deforestation. While the relatively high levels of uncertainty associated with deforestation emissions make their inclusion in global mitigation scenarios problematic, the scale of emissions is such that they must be included. Within this paper two deforestation scenarios are developed; both assume climate change to be high on the political agenda and represent relatively optimistic reductions in the rate of, and hence the total emissions released from, deforestation.8 They both have a year 2000 baseline of 5.5 GtCO2, but post-2015 have different deforestation rates and hence different stocks of carbon remaining in 2100 (i.e. the amount of carbon stored in the remaining forest). The scenarios are illustrated numerically in table 1 and graphically in figure 1.
The scenarios are dependent not only on the baseline but also on estimates of the change in forestry carbon stocks between 2000 and 2100. The stock values used in the scenarios are taken from Moutinho & Schwartzman (2005) and based on their estimate of total forest carbon stock in 2000 of 1060 GtCO2. According to their assumptions, the carbon stock continues to be eroded at current rates until either 2012 or 2025, following which emissions from deforestation decline to zero by either 2100 or until they equate to 15 per cent of a particular nation's forest stock (compared with 2000). They estimate two values for the carbon stocks, released as CO2 emissions by 2100 as 319 and 477 GtCO2. This implies that within their scenarios, either 70 or 55 per cent of total carbon stocks remain globally. Given that this paper and its accompanying AB1 and AB2 scenarios are premised on climate change being high on the international agenda, Moutinho & Schwartzman's 55 per cent of total carbon stock value is considered too pessimistic within the context of this analysis, and although presented in figure 1, is not included in the analysis from this point onwards. Moreover, to allow for a more stringent curtailment of deforestation, the scenario developed for a 70 per cent stock-remaining estimate is complemented by one with 80 per cent remaining.
The DL and DH curves both assume no increase in deforestation rates from current levels, with DL beginning to drop from the peak level of 5.5 GtCO2, 5 years prior to DH. This, combined with the higher level of forestry, and hence carbon stock remaining in 2100, gives the DL curve a faster rate of reduction in deforestation than is the case for the DH curve (typically, 7.4 and 4.8% for DL and DH, respectively).9
(c) Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions
To estimate the percentage reductions required from energy and process CO2 emissions for both AB1 and AB2, it is necessary to consider a range of future emission scenarios for the non-CO2 greenhouse gases. Accordingly, three scenarios are developed assuming current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates and projections of emissions from 2000 up to a range of peaking years, after which emissions are assumed to decline towards the same long-term stable level. All the scenarios represent a long-term halving in emission intensity, with the difference between them arising from the range of cumulative emissions associated with each of the peaking dates. The scenarios are illustrated numerically in table 2 and graphically in figure 2.
Anthropogenic non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions are dominated by methane and nitrous oxide and, along with the other non-CO2 greenhouse gases, accounted for approximately 9.5 GtCO2e in 2000 (EPA 2006; similar figures are used within the Stern Review), equivalent to 23 per cent of global CO2e emissions. Understanding how this significant portion of emissions may change in the future is key to exploring the scope for future emissions reduction from all the greenhouse gases.
The three non-CO2 greenhouse gas scenarios presented here are broadly consistent with a global drive to alleviate climate change. The principal difference between the scenarios is the date at which emissions are assumed to peak, with the range chosen to match that for the total CO2e emissions, namely an early-action scenario where emissions peak in 2015, a mid-action peak of 2020 and finally a late-action peak in 2025. All three scenarios have a growth rate from the year 2000 up until a few years prior to the peak, equivalent to that projected by the EPA (2006),10 and broadly in keeping with recent trend data. The scenarios all contain a smooth transition through the period of peak emissions and on to a pathway leading towards a post-2050 value of 7.5 GtCO2e. This value is again specifically chosen to reflect a genuine global commitment to tackle climate change. It is approximately 25 per cent lower than the current level and consistent with a number of other 450 ppmv scenarios.11 Given that the majority of the non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions are associated with food production, it is not possible, with our current understanding of the issues, to envisage how emissions could tend to zero while there remains a significant human population. The 7.5 GtCO2e figure used in this paper, assuming a global population in 2050 of 9 billion (thereafter remaining stable), is equivalent to approximately halving the emission intensity of current food production. While a reduction of this magnitude may be considered ambitious in a sector with little overall emission elasticity, such improvements are necessary if global CO2e concentrations are to be maintained within any reasonable bounds.
The non-CO2 greenhouse gas scenarios have similar growth rates from 2000 to their respective peak values, and ultimately all have the same post-2050 emission level (7.5 GtCO2e). The rate of reduction in emissions from the respective peaks demonstrates the importance of timely action to curtail the current rise in annual emissions: the early-action scenario is required to reduce at 1.35 per cent per year, while the mid- and late-action scenario values are at 2 and 3 per cent, respectively. Similarly, table 2 and figure 2 demonstrate the importance for cumulative values of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions not rising much higher than today and that the post-peak reduction rate achieves the long-term residual emission level as soon as is possible (7.5 GtCO2e by 2050). If the year in which emissions reach the residual level had been 2100 rather than 2050, the modest differences in cumulative emissions between the early-, mid- and late-action scenarios would have been substantially increased. Given that the cumulative value of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions is a significant proportion of total cumulative CO2e emissions, any delay in achieving the residual value would have significant implications for the reduction rate of energy and process CO2 emissions necessary to meet the AB1 and AB2 criteria.
(d) CO2e emission scenarios for the twenty-first century
Having developed the deforestation and non-CO2 greenhouse gas scenarios, this section presents the complete greenhouse gas emission scenarios, AB1 and AB2, for the twenty-first century. The emissions released from the year 2000 until the peak dates are discussed here in relation to both AB1 and AB2, before the post-peak scenarios for each of the scenario sets are presented.
(i) AB1 and AB2: emissions from 2000 to the peak years
By combining the deforestation and non-CO2 greenhouse gas scenarios with assumptions about energy and process CO2, scenarios for all greenhouse gas emissions up until the three peaking dates are developed. Energy and process CO2 emissions for the years 2000–2005 are taken from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre (CDIAC), with estimates for 2006–2007 based on BP inventories (BP 2007). From 2007 to the three peaking dates of 2015 (early action), 2020 (mid-action) and 2025 (late-action) emissions of energy and process CO2 grow at 3 per cent per year until 5 years prior to peaking. Beyond this point, emission growth gradually slows to zero at the peak year before reversing thereafter. The 3 per cent emission growth rate chosen for CO2 is broadly consistent with recent historical trends. Between 2000 and 2005, CDIAC data show a mean annual growth in energy and process CO2 emissions of 3.2 per cent; this includes the slow growth years following the events of 11 September 2001.
(ii) AB1: emissions from peak years to 2100
From the peak years onwards, AB1 (summarized in table 3) takes the approach that to remain within the bounds of a 450 ppmv CO2e stabilization target, the cumulative emissions between 2000 and 2100 must not exceed the range presented within the latest IPCC report in which carbon-cycle feedbacks are included (IPCC 2007b).
(iii) AB1 final scenarios
The emission pathways for the full greenhouse gas AB1 scenarios from 2000 to 2100 are presented in figure 3. The plots comprise the earlier deforestation and non-CO2 greenhouse gas scenarios with growing energy and process CO2 emissions up to the peaking year, and all have total twenty-first century cumulative values of CO2e matching the 450 ppmv figures within AR4.
It is evident from the data underpinning figure 3 that 10 of the 18 proposed pathways cannot be quantitatively reconciled with the cumulative CO2e emissions budgets for 450 ppmv provided within AR4. Table 4 identifies the 'impossible' scenarios (including three with prolonged annual reduction rates greater than 15%) and illustrates the post-peak level of sustained emission reduction necessary to remain within budget.
(iv) AB1: implications for energy and process CO2
The constraints on the greenhouse gas emission pathways of achieving 450 ppmv CO2e render most of the AB1 scenarios impossible to achieve. Having established which scenarios are at least quantitatively possible and subtracting the respective non-CO2 greenhouse gas and deforestation emissions, the energy and process emissions associated with each of the scenarios that remain feasible (figure 4) can be derived.
Figure 4 illustrates that complete decarbonization of the energy and process system is necessary by between 2027 and 2063, if the total greenhouse gas emissions are to remain within the IPCC's 450 ppmv CO2e budgets. Moreover, in combination with table 5, it is evident that the only meaningful opportunity for stabilizing at 450 ppmv CO2e occurs if the highest of the IPCC's cumulative emissions range is used and if emissions peak by 2015.
(v) AB2: emissions from 2020 (peak year) to 2100
The AB2 scenario set complements the AB1 scenario set by exploring the implications for CO2e budgets of three post-peak annual emission reduction rates (3, 5 and 7%). Only one peaking year is considered within this analysis with 2020 chosen as arguably the most 'realistic' of the three dates in terms of both the 'practicality' of being achieved and of the respective scope for remaining within 'reasonable' bounds of CO2e concentrations. Table 6 summarizes the data underpinning figure 5.
The pathways within figure 5 equate to a range in cumulative CO2e emissions for 2000–2100 of 2.4 TtCO2e, 2.6 TtCO2e and 3 TtCO2e for 7, 5 and 3 per cent reductions, respectively. According to the cumulative emissions data contained within the Stern Review (Stern 2006: figure 8.1, p. 222), the first two values approximate to a CO2e concentration of approximately 550 ppmv with the latter being closer to 650 ppmv.
(vi) AB2: implications for energy and process CO2
Having developed the total CO2e pathways for AB2, and given the deforestation and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission scenarios outlined earlier, the associated energy and process CO2 scenarios can be derived (figure 6). Table 7 indicates typical post-peak annual reduction rates in energy and process CO2 emissions for the families of 3, 5 and 7 per cent CO2e scenarios.
According to these results, the 3, 5 and 7 per cent CO2e annual reduction rates comprising the AB2 scenarios correspond with energy and process decarbonization rates of 3–4, 6–7 and 9–12 per cent, respectively. While the latter two ranges correlate broadly with stabilization at 550 ppmv CO2e, the former, although arguably offering less unacceptable rates of reduction, correlates with stabilization nearer 650 ppmv CO2e.
4. Discussion
(a) AB1 scenarios
The AB1 scenarios presented here focus on 450 ppmv CO2e and can be broadly separated into three categories.
Scenarios that quantitatively exceed the IPCC's 450 ppmv CO2e budget range: this equates to 10 of the 18 scenarios. Scenarios in this category are quantitatively impossible.
Scenarios with current emission growth continuing until 2015, emissions peaking by 2020 and thereafter undergoing dramatic annual reductions of between 8 and 33 per cent. Scenarios in this category are, for the purpose of this paper, considered politically unacceptable.
Scenarios that, as early as 2010, break with current trends in emissions growth, with emissions subsequently peaking by 2015 and declining rapidly thereafter (approx. 4% per year). Scenarios in this category are discussed below.
For scenarios within category (iii) to be viable, it is necessary that the IPCC's upper value for 450 ppmv cumulative emissions between 2000 and 2100 be correct. If, on the other hand, the IPCC's mid- or low value turns out be more appropriate, category (iii) scenarios will either be politically unacceptable (i.e. above 8% per annum reduction) or quantitatively impossible.
However, even should the IPCC's high level ('optimistic') value be correct, the accompanying 4 per cent per year reductions in CO2e emissions beginning in under a decade from today (i.e. by 2018) are unlikely to be politically acceptable without a sea change in the economic orthodoxy. The scale of this challenge is brought into sharp focus in relation to energy and process emissions. According to the analysis conducted in this paper, stabilizing at 450 ppmv requires, at least, global energy related emissions to peak by 2015, rapidly decline at 6–8 per cent per year between 2020 and 2040, and for full decarbonization sometime soon after 2050.
The characteristics of the resulting 450 ppmv scenario are summarized in table 8. This assumes that the most optimistic of the IPCC's range of cumulative emission values is broadly correct. While this analysis suggests stabilizing at 450 ppmv is theoretically possible, in the absence of an unprecedented step change in the global economic model and the rapid deployment of successful CO2 scrubbing technologies, 450 ppmv is no longer a viable stabilization concentration. The implications of this for climate change policy, particularly adaptation, are profound. The framing of climate change policy is typically informed by the 2°C threshold; however, even stabilizing at 450 ppmv CO2e offers only a 46 per cent chance of not exceeding 2°C (Meinshausen 2006). As a consequence, any further delay in global society beginning down a pathway towards 450 ppmv leaves 2°C as an inappropriate and dangerously misleading mitigation and adaptation target.
(b) AB2 scenarios
From the analysis underpinning the AB2 scenarios, it is evident that the rates of emission reduction informing much of the climate change debate, particularly in relation to energy, correlate with higher stabilization concentrations than is generally recognized. The principal reason for this divergence arises, in the first instance, from the difference between empirical and modelled emissions data for post-2000. For example, in describing '[T]he Scale of the Challenge' Stern's 'stabilization trajectories' assume a mean annual emissions growth almost 1.5 per cent lower than was evident from the empirical data between 2000 and 2006. While the subsequent impact on cumulative emissions for this period is, in itself, significant, the substantive difference arises from short-term extrapolations of current trends. Stern's range of peak emissions for 2015 are some 10 GtCO2e lower than would be the case if present trends continued out to 2010, with growth subsequently reducing to give a peak in emissions by 2015.12 This substantial divergence in emissions is exacerbated significantly as the peak date goes beyond 2015. If emissions were to peak by 2020 (as was assumed for the AB2 scenarios), and again following a slowing in growth during the 5 years prior to the peaking date, emissions would, by 2020, be between 14 and 16 GtCO2e higher than Stern's 2020 range. This difference alone equates to over a third of current global annual emissions, with knock-on implications for short- to medium-term cumulative emissions seriously constraining the viable range of long-term stabilization targets.
While climate change is claimed to be a central issue within many policy dialogues, rarely are absolute annual carbon mitigation rates greater than 3 per cent considered viable. In addition, where mitigation polices are more developed, seldom do they include emissions from international shipping and aviation (Bows & Anderson 2007). Stern (2006, pp. 231) drew attention to historical precedents of reductions in carbon emissions, concluding that annual reductions of greater than 1 per cent have 'been associated only with economic recession or upheaval'. For example, the collapse of the former Soviet Union's economy brought about annual emission reductions of over 5 per cent for a decade. By contrast, France's 40-fold increase in nuclear capacity in just 25 years and the UK's 'dash for gas' in the 1990s both corresponded, respectively, with annual CO2 and greenhouse gas emission reductions of only 1 per cent (not including increasing emissions from international shipping and aviation). Set against this historical experience, the reduction rates contained within the AB2 scenarios are without a structurally managed precedent.
In all but one of the AB2 scenarios, the challenge faced with regard to total CO2e reductions is increased substantially when considered in relation to decarbonizing the energy and process systems. Despite the optimistic deforestation and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emission scenarios developed for this paper, the repercussions for energy and process emissions are extremely severe. Stabilization at 550 ppmv CO2e, around which much of Stern's analysis revolved, requires global energy and process emissions to peak by 2020 before beginning an annual decline of between 6 and 12 per cent; rates well in excess of those accompanying the economic collapse of the Soviet Union. Even for the 3 per cent CO2e reduction scenario (i.e. stabilization at 600–650 ppmv CO2e), the current rapid growth in energy and process CO2 emissions would need to cease by 2020 and begin reducing at between 3 and 4 per cent annually soon after.
It is important to note that for both AB1 and AB2 scenarios, there is a risk of a transient overshoot of the 'desired' atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases as a consequence of the rate of change in the emission pathway. Given that overshoot scenarios remain characterized by considerable uncertainty and are the subject of substantive ongoing research (e.g. Schneider & Mastrandrea 2005; Nusbaumer & Matsumoto 2008), they have not been addressed within either AB1 or AB2.
5. Conclusions
Given the assumptions outlined within this paper and accepting that it considers the basket of six gases only, incorporating both carbon-cycle feedbacks and the latest empirical emissions data into the analysis raises serious questions about the current framing of climate change policy. In the absence of the widespread deployment and successful application of geoengineering technologies (sometimes referred to as macro-engineering technologies) that remove and store atmospheric CO2, several headline conclusions arise from this analysis.
If emissions peak in 2015, stabilization at 450 ppmv CO2e requires subsequent annual reductions of 4 per cent in CO2e and 6.5 per cent in energy and process emissions.
If emissions peak in 2020, stabilization at 550 ppmv CO2e requires subsequent annual reductions of 6 per cent in CO2e and 9 per cent in energy and process emissions.
If emissions peak in 2020, stabilization at 650 ppmv CO2e requires subsequent annual reductions of 3 per cent in CO2e and 3.5 per cent in energy and process emissions.
These headlines are based on the range of cumulative emissions within IPCC AR4 (for 450 ppmv) and the Stern report (for 550 and 650 ppmv),13 with the accompanying rates of reduction representing the mid-values of the ranges discussed earlier. While for both the 550 and 650 ppmv pathways peak dates beyond 2020 would be possible, these would be at the expense of a significant increase in the already very high post-peak emission reduction rates.
These conclusions have stark repercussions for mitigation and adaptation policies. By association, they raise serious questions as to whether the current global economic orthodoxy is sufficiently resilient to absorb the scale of the challenge faced.
It is increasingly unlikely that an early and explicit global climate change agreement or collective ad hoc national mitigation policies will deliver the urgent and dramatic reversal in emission trends necessary for stabilization at 450 ppmv CO2e. Similarly, the mainstream climate change agenda is far removed from the rates of mitigation necessary to stabilize at 550 ppmv CO2e. Given the reluctance, at virtually all levels, to openly engage with the unprecedented scale of both current emissions and their associated growth rates, even an optimistic interpretation of the current framing of climate change implies that stabilization much below 650 ppmv CO2e is improbable.
The analysis presented within this paper suggests that the rhetoric of 2°C is subverting a meaningful, open and empirically informed dialogue on climate change. While it may be argued that 2°C provides a reasonable guide to the appropriate scale of mitigation, it is a dangerously misleading basis for informing the adaptation agenda. In the absence of an almost immediate step change in mitigation (away from the current trend of 3% annual emission growth), adaptation would be much better guided by stabilization at 650 ppmv CO2e (i.e. approx. 4°C).14 However, even this level of stabilization assumes rapid success in curtailing deforestation, an early reversal of current trends in non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions and urgent decarbonization of the global energy system.
Finally, the quantitative conclusions developed here are based on a global analysis. If, during the next two decades, transition economies, such as China, India and Brazil, and newly industrializing nations across Africa and elsewhere are not to have their economic growth stifled, their emissions of CO2e will inevitably rise. Given any meaningful global emission caps, the implications of this for the industrialized nations are bleak. Even atmospheric stabilization at 650 ppmv CO2e demands the majority of OECD nations begin to make draconian emission reductions within a decade. Such a situation is unprecedented for economically prosperous nations. Unless economic growth can be reconciled with unprecedented rates of decarbonization (in excess of 6% per year15), it is difficult to envisage anything other than a planned economic recession being compatible with stabilization at or below 650 ppmv CO2e.
Ultimately, the latest scientific understanding of climate change allied with current emission trends and a commitment to 'limiting average global temperature increases to below 4°C above pre-industrial levels', demands a radical reframing16 of both the climate change agenda, and the economic characterization of contemporary society.
One contribution of 12 to a Theme Issue 'Geoscale engineering to avert dangerous climate change'.
↵For example, in March 2007, European leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the 2°C threshold (European Commission 2007).
↵For example, the RCEP uses CO2e in RCEP (2000), whereas the Energy White Paper (DTI 2006) and Climate Change Programme (DEFRA 2006) both refer to CO2 alone.
↵CO2 data from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Centre (CDIAC) including recent data from G. Marland (2006, personal communication); non-CO2 greenhouse gas data from the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2006) including the projection for 2005, and assuming deforestation emissions in 2005 to be 5.5 GtCO2 (1.5 GtC), with a 0.4 per cent growth in the preceding 5 years in line with data within the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FAO 2005).
↵FAO (2005) contains rates of tropical deforestation for the 1990s revised downward from those in the 2000 Global Forest Resources Assessment (FAO 2000; R. A. Houghton 2006, personal communication). An earlier estimate based on high-resolution satellite data over areas identified as 'hot spots' of deforestation, estimated the figure at nearer 3.7 GtCO2 (1 GtC) for 2000 (Achard et al. 2004). It is Houghton's more recent estimate that is used in this paper.
↵There remains considerable uncertainty as to the actual level of radiative forcing associated with aerosols, exacerbated by their relatively short residence times in the atmosphere and uncertainty as to future aerosol emission pathways (Cranmer et al. 2001; Andreae et al. 2005). Similarly, there remain significant uncertainties as to the radiative forcing impact of non-CO2 emissions from aviation, particularly contrails and linear cirrus (e.g. Stordal et al. 2004; Mannstein & Schumann 2005).
↵For example, and in particular, the reduced uptake of CO2 in the Southern Ocean (Raupach et al. 2007) and the potential impact of low level ozone on the uptake of CO2 in vegetation (Cranmer et al. 2001).
↵For example, significant uncertainties in the emissions estimates for international shipping (Corbett & Kohler 2003; Eyring et al. 2005).
↵While the scenarios are at least as optimistic as those underpinning, for example, the 2005 Forest Resource Assessment (FAO 2005) and the 2006 Stern report, it could be argued they are broadly in keeping with the high profile deforestation gained during the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali.
↵DL per cent change value is the mean for the period between 2030 and 2050, and DH is the mean value for 2040–2060.
↵EPA values for global warming potential of the basket of six gases are slightly different from those used in IPCC. The difference, though noted here, does not significantly alter the analysis or results.
↵For example, in Stern (2006, p. 233), for both his 450 ppmv CO2e and 500–450 ppmv overshoot curve.
↵Comparing values outlined in Stern (2006, p. 233) with those in AB1 and AB2 for 2015. In addition, Stern envisages a global CO2e emissions increase of approximately 5 GtCO2e between 2000 and 2015 compared with provisional estimates for China alone of between 4.2 and 5.5 GtCO2e, extending up to 12.2 GtCO2e (T. Wang & J. Watson of the Sussex Energy Group (SEG) 2008, personal communication). If the lower SEG estimate for China is correct, Stern's analysis implicitly assumes that global emissions (excluding China) remain virtually unchanged between 2000 and 2015.
↵The 450 ppmv figure is from AR4 (IPCC 2007a), while the 550 and 650 ppmv figures are from Jones et al. (2006) and include carbon-cycle feedbacks (used in Stern's analysis). Although the Jones et al. figures are above the mid-estimates of the impact of feedbacks, there is growing evidence that some carbon-cycle feedbacks are occurring earlier than was thought would be the case, e.g. the reduced uptake of CO2 by the Southern Ocean (Raupach et al. 2007).
↵Meinshausen (2006) estimates the mid-range probability of exceeding 4°C at approximately 34 per cent for 600 ppmv and 40 per cent for 650 ppmv. Given this analysis has not factored in a range of other issues with likely net positive impacts, adapting for estimated impacts of at least 4°C appears wise.
↵At 650 ppmv the range of global decarbonization rate is 3–4 per cent per year (table 7, columns 1 and 4). As OECD nations represent approximately 50 per cent of global emissions, and assuming continued CO2 emission growth from non-OECD nations for the forthcoming two decades, the OECD nations will need to compensate with considerably higher rates of emission reductions.
↵This is not assumed desirable or otherwise, but is a conclusion of (i) the quantitative analysis developed within the paper, (ii) the premise that stabilization in excess of 600–650 ppmv CO2e should be avoided and (iii) Stern's assertion that annual reductions of greater than 1 per cent have 'been associated only with economic recession or upheaval' (Stern 2006, p. 231).
- © 2008 The Royal Society


text:
The regulars know that a healthy appetite is a pre-requisite for eating at the Whistle Stop Cafe in Deep River, where owner Hedy Watrous aims to see her customers leave well-fed.
The atmosphere at this tiny, sometimes boisterous breakfast and lunch spot, where Watrous and her staff treat customers like family, is as appealing as the owner's inventive menu. Egg dishes, particularly the overstuffed omelets and variations on Eggs Benedict, are crowd favorites.
This weekend, Watrous, who trained under a French chef, has turned her sights to Ireland, where she just visited. On Friday night, she will prepare Irish specialties for the Taste of Ireland Festival, sponsored by the Deep River Rotary Club at St. Joseph Parish Hall in Chester. For her Whistle Stop customers, the chef has planned an early toast to St. Patrick's Day. She will mix and match foods that she tasted in neighborhood pubs to give the weekend menu an Irish flavor.
Her interpretation of an Irish breakfast is an omelet stuffed with a golden potato pancake, a slice of grilled ham and "bangers" (breakfast sausages). Grilled tomato halves add some color to the plate, and baked beans and butter-slathered wheat toast are a must.
"That's a man's dish," she said as put the finishing touches on a trial run of the Emerald Isle dish. Indeed, the breakfast could easily serve two.
While the Whistle Stop Cafe turns out dozens of orders for its signature egg dishes, burgers and quesadillas, the chef's white board lists daily specials that she creates on a whim.
"I'm thinking all of the time" about new dishes that will tempt customers, she says. Much of the inspiration comes from trips to the market, where Watrous might spy a new ingredient or a seasonal vegetable and decide to build a dish around it. "We make everything fresh here. We always have our own corned beef hash. We cook our own fruit for the stuffed french toast, like caramelized bananas."
Watrous celebrated her 15th year at the grill last November, but the tiny breakfast and lunch spot has been in her family for much longer. Her grandparents, Ed and Lucy Goff, ran the place in the 1930s. When Watrous returned to Deep River in the early 1990s, after operating an Italian restaurant in Key West, Fla., she brought the Whistle Stop back into the family.
>> The Whistle Stop Cafe at 108 Main St., Deep River, is open Thursday through Monday, 7:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. 860-526-4122.
Tips>> Watrous uses Irish-cut oats to add texture to the potato pancake. She recommends grating the potato right before frying the pancakes; if potato is grated in advance, it begins to discolor as it stands.
>> Use a good-quality ham, sliced about 1/8-inch thick, that isn't too lean.
>> The skillet, preferably a cast-iron one, should be preheated to "smoking hot" before adding the potato pancake, ham and sausage, the chef suggests. A hot omelet pan over medium-high heat is best for cooking eggs.
THE WHISTLE STOP CAFE'S IRISH BREAKFAST>> 1/2 of a medium red potato, skin on
>> 2 tablespoons finely chopped onion
>> 2 tablespoons uncooked oats
>> 1 tablespoon flour
>> Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
>> 1 slice baked or spiral ham
>> 2 links of breakfast sausage
>> 1 tomato, cut in half
>> 2 eggs
>> 2 ounces sliced Irish Dubliner cheese or cheddar cheese
>> Baked beans, hot
>> Toast
To make the pancake: Preheat a large iron skillet over high heat. Grate the potato into a mixing bowl. Add the onion, oats, flour, and salt and pepper to taste. Mix until blended. When pan is hot — a drop of water will sizzle when dropped into the pan — cover bottom of pan with vegetable oil spray or a tablespoon of oil, and add potato mixture, shaping into a pancake. Cook until pancake is nicely browned, about 5 minutes, then turn and cook until the other side is browned.
While pancake is cooking, add ham slice, sausage and tomato halves to pan, and cook until heated through and browned.
Heat another skillet over medium-high heat until skillet is hot. Spray with vegetable oil spray or oil bottom of pan with vegetable oil. Beat eggs and season with salt and pepper. Pour eggs into skillet, and cook over medium-high heat.
When eggs begin to set, lift edge of egg with a spatula, tilt pan and let uncooked egg flow to the pan. Cook until eggs are set or to desired doneness, then layer pancake, ham, sausage and cheese on top of eggs. Fold edges of egg over the layers. Transfer omelet to a dish, and garnish with tomatoes, baked beans and toast.
Serves 1 abundantly, but can easily be split to feed two.
Watch as Whistle Shop chef Hedy Watrous cooks up a hearty Irish breakfast with bacon and bangers at courant.com/onegreatdish


text:
Linked by Yoni on Fri 18th Jan 2013 21:56 UTC
"Never mind the fact that the iPod turned the entire music industry on its head. Never mind the fact that most successful notebooks today resemble designs first popularized by Apple. Never mind the fact that the blueprint of the modern day smartphone remains the original iPhone. Never mind the fact that competitors are scrambling wildly to copy the success and design of the iPad. Forget all of these things, because when it comes to Apple, the 'what have you done for me lately?' mentality reigns supreme."
Thread beginning with comment 549344
To view parent comment, click here.
To read all comments associated with this story, please click here.
To view parent comment, click here.
To read all comments associated with this story, please click here.
RE[2]: Reponse
by WorknMan on Fri 18th Jan 2013 22:34 UTC in reply to "RE: Reponse"
But then again everybody (most of them anyway) are upset if Microsoft dears to innovate in Windows.
Microsoft's idea of Windows innovation is putting a tablet OS on a desktop, so of course people are going to reject it, and rightfully so. Metro on Windows 8 sucks so much ass, it's amazing that it even went past the conception stage. It is a joke. A complete clusterf**k.
The difference between MS and Apple is that when Apple tries to innovate, they're reasonably competent at it. MS can't innovate shit. Hell, MS has tried to copy Apple in many areas (*cough* Zune *cough*) and they can't even get that right.
RE[3]: Reponse
by tomcat on Sat 19th Jan 2013 11:14 in reply to "RE[2]: Reponse"
RE[4]: Reponse
by Fergy on Sat 19th Jan 2013 19:21 in reply to "RE[3]: Reponse"