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Help Us Reach 15 Million Photo Likes on Lomography!37 184 Share Tweet
We are getting very close to having 15 million photo likes on Lomography and want you to help us reach the grand target. We'll be giving away prizes for all kinds of milestones on the journey – there will be giveaways for our top photo likers, tantalizing prizes for those people who receive the most likes and all kinds of other rewards along the way too.
Reaching 15 million likes on Lomography is a massive milestone for us and we're in the mood for a celebration. Help us on our mission and you could win some pretty cool prizes! We'll be giving away treats for all kinds of achievements over the next few weeks – from top photo likers to people who receive the most likes, anyone can take part to win. The counter on the very top of every page tells you how close we are to each milestone on the journey – be sure to check it regularly to see how close we all are!
So you'd like to take part? Great news! There are 2 kinds of ways to participate and both are super easy.
- By liking Photos on the Lomography site. If you aren't already a member of the Lomography community, join today and start liking. Where to start? Just read on, we give some pointers at the end of the article…
- By having your photos liked by others. So invite your friends to join the community – then they can like your photos and win prizes too! Remember to share your photos on Facebook and Twitter so your friends can see your best shots and like them! Simply use the links below each of your photos.
One thing to remember: This is about liking those photos that fill you with warmth for the analogue photos you see on the site. Each time you 'like' a photo is a token of your appreciation, so please use the power of the 'like' honestly and wisely!
Like we say, an occasion this big deserves some prizes to match right? Well, we'll be giving away all kinds of treats over the following weeks. We've got camera prizes for people reaching certain milestones on the way to 15 million. There will be prizes for the most liked photo and a very special something for the 15th million liked photo and its liker. And that's not all; get 'liked' and your photo could make it into one of our special photo galleries!
Ready to start? Check out a selected bunch of our favorite shots, explore photos by color, take a look at a stream of popular photos of popular photos or start with a random photo.
Or wanna see what the 100 people who liked the most so far like? Then follow these links: adash, adi_totp, adzfar, albeelee, anomalocaris, artichekt, atria007, b0rn2b1ush, baijiu89, barakalofi, bccbarbosa, bkspicture, bravopires, brommi, cc-in-paris, clickiemcpete, clownshoes, cpolpa, dabai, dakadev_pui, deprofundis, disdis, earlybird, ecchymoses, elvismartinezsmith, emkei, escudero, eskimofriend, gnarlyleech, goonies, gotoarizona, grazie, icomewhenieatcaponata, isabel_mebarak, istionojr, japsix, javihacefotos, jeabzz, joyceyjoyce, kleeblatt, lawypop, lazybuddha, lightblue, liquorice, littlekoala, lola_juanlu, mafiosa, mapix, maria_vlachou, maryona, maxwellmaxen, mcrstar, mephisto19, meryl, mich, mikahsupageek, mylatehope, natalieerachel, neja, nicolas_noir, oskar73, panelomo, pangmark, pepper-b, pietrone, pussylove, realrampage, renaishashin, rik041, ripsta, robinansell, robter, russheath, scede, scorpie, shoujoai, soleado, sondyy, spoeker, stouf, suizidekid, susielomovitz, sye, traaaart, troch, tsingtao, tyler_durden, upic, valennano, vgzalez, vicuna, volker-jp, wapclub, warning, weidong, why-yu, wuxiong, yochan, zeester and zharenkov.
written by tomas_bates on 2012-03-27 #news #lomography #likes #15-million


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Kombu, the leathery seaweed that is used to make dashi stock [2], is packed full of umami. A traditional way to prepare it is as shiokombu (salty kombu) or kombu no tsukudani. Tsukudani is a method of cooking something with soy sauce, sake and/or mirin, and sugar until it's very dark, quite salty and sweet too. It's a preserving method, since the salt and sugar greatly increase the keeping qualities of the food.
Kombu no tsukudani can be tucked into the corner of a bento box to add a little variety. It's also a good onigiri filling. Properly made and stored in the refrigerator, it keeps almost forever.
It does take a while to cook, depending on how tough the kombu is. It's worth making if you think commercial kombu no tsukudani is too salty or too sweet, or too expensive.
It can be made from unused dry kombu or kombu that's been used once to make dashi. I've given instructions for both.
Since kombu comes in all sizes, I've given weight amounts here. You can halve the amounts if this seems like too much to make at once.
Equipment needed: a heavy bottomed saucepan. (A Le Creuset-type enamelled cast iron one is ideal.)
Inspect the kombu - if it has sand or dirt on it (not the natural fine white powdery coating), wash it off. (Nowadays it's rare to find sand etc. on commercially available kombu, but if you buy it from a local producer or even gather it yourself, you'll have to deal with that.)
Soak the kombu in water to cover just until it's soft enough to cut. Drain, making sure the water drips back into whatever you were soaking the kombu in, and cut the kombu into bite-sized pieces.
Put the kombu back in the soaking water and add vinegar. Leave for an hour or more. The kombu should feel a bit slimy at the end of the soaking period. The vinegar helps to tenderize it. Some thicker kinds of kombu may require a longer soak.
Put the kombu and soaking liquid into the heavy pan. Add the other ingredients. Bring up to a simmer then lower the heat - the surface of the liquid should be barely bubbling. Add water if it starts to dry out.
Simmer slowly like this until the kombu is very soft - it should seem almost too soft, since when it cools the kombu will stiffen up a bit. By this point there should be very little liquid in the pan. Taste the kombu, and add a bit more soy sauce or sugar if needed, and simmer some more. When it's done the kombu will be shiny and caramelized and have a translucent quality, like thin slices of dark caramel or tortoiseshell.
Store, covered, in the refrigerator.
You can optionally add a couple of handfuls of bonito flakes near the end of the cooking process. Mix in well, and let it cook down until it's almost dry. (Adding bonito flakes will make it no longer vegan of course, since bonito is a fish.)
You can also add red pepper flakes or shichimi (or nanami!) tohgarashi for a bit of spice.
You can use kombu that was used for making dashi, either the regular kind [2] or the vegetarian version [3]. What I do is to cut up the soaked kombu and store it in a container in the freezer until I have enough to make kombu no tsukudani. There is less umami than in the version made from unused kombu, but it's still tasty. Here are the seasonings proportions:
This will need less soaking time, since it's already been soaked, and the freezing and de-frosting would have broken down the fibers a bit. Proceed as with the recipe above.
Put a little homemade or commercial kombu no tsukudani into a mug or small bowl, and add hot water. Optionally add a little julienned fresh ginger. Stir and let sit for a few minutes. It makes an interesting clear soup. (Confession: I used to hate this when I was a kid, but now I rather like it. It may take some getting used to.)
[1] http://justbento.com/files/bento/images/kombu_tsukudani.jpg
[2] http://www.justhungry.com/2003/11/japanese_basics.html
[3] http://www.justhungry.com/vegetarian-dashi-japanese-stock

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RealPlayer no plug in
So I read like 4 reviews that have a real player plug in listed as 20 bucks and I go out and buy a Archos 705, guess what no plug in on the site so I call em up and they say umm yeah we dont have that and dont know if we will, I was mad!
I bought it for screen size and functionality and so far all Its short on the functionality! Anyway so he puts me on hold then comes back and said what I needed to do was get a specific divx that will re-code all the youtube videos I DL's with real player and Ill be set.
My question is anyone do this? Im not the biggest PC guy and once again a reason I bought this player over the others is it supposedly could play dam near anything so anyone have some advice about getting the Realplayer files to my archos.
So last time I tried to just move my files to the Archos this didn't work but this time I just took all the video files and moved them over and it worked heh. So DL them off you tube with real players app and you can play all the files on your Archos thats sweet.
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Total Prizepool
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Derry's Sean Tyre outlasted the record-breaking 1721 field to take a massive €30,000 back home to Northern Ireland!
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Hooded Yellow Coat -http://www.udobuy.com/goods-7370.html#.UZTu9LX0ESY
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I am always itching when I get to work with Boutiques and amazing stores . When I was contacted by Persun Mall , I was excited to work .
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In dress from Persunmall you can be like princess ;)


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♫ Don't you know who you are, You're my shooting star ♫ Ref: [Link]
Java Draw Created Dec 10, 2011 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2011 sweetlove15.
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.
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I commented on this before but its so amazing i have to give you props again...nice!!
magical draw n sweet lyrics! i realy luv how u colored dis n her pose/water. da lighting!!-- fav
I still love this one :)
This is great! So pure
I want to melt into this picture....it is bliss.
This might be one of my favorites by you.
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Wow! Amazing draw. I love the mood this picture creates. It's deep just like the ocean =)
the hair, water, sky, lighting... love it all! good job! 5h


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Roshon Fegan: Jingle Ball 2012
Roshon Fegan reunites with his former Camp Rock co-stars The Jonas Brothers at KIIS FM's 2012 Jingle Ball held at the Nokia Theatre L.A. Live on Saturday night (December 1) in Los Angeles.
"The @JonasBrothers just #Smashed #JingleBall," the 21-year-old actor tweeted after the boys' performance.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Roshon Fegan
Roshon also ran into X Factor USA contestants CeCe Frey and Fifth Harmony.
In case you missed it, also check out pics of Taylor Swift performing at the concert!
10+ pics inside…
Posted to: Roshon Fegan


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Second arrest made in robbery
The second man in a week-old Shell station armed robbery was arrested Wednesday.
Justin Daniel Tobias, 21, of Charlotte, was arrested Wednesday morning at his girlfriend's Hickory home. Tobias was identified as the second suspect in Hickory Police's investigation.
The first arrested suspect, De'andra Ventredous Killebrew, 20, of Charlotte, turned himself into the Charlotte-Mecklenberg Police Department on April 8.
Killebrew and Tobias allegedly entered the Total Convenience Market on U.S. 70 SW in Hickory at 8:30 a.m. April 7, according to the Hickory Police Department.
One of the men allegedly showed a knife and demanded money from the three clerks who were inside the store at the time. Employees emptied the cash register for the suspects, and the men escaped with an undisclosed amount of cash and several packages of cigarettes.
Police said the suspects left the store on foot.
Killebrew is charged with robbery with a dangerous weapon and is in Catawba County jail under a $9,500 bond. His court date is April 28.
Tobias is also charged with robbery with a dangerous weapon and is in jail on a $50,000 bond. He appears in court today.


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Introducing IG Wealth Management
Investors Group is now IG Wealth Management: A new brand name to reflect our approach to achieving financial wellbeing.
Teach your kids about money
Money and Youth: A Guide to Financial Literacy, is the perfect tool to help teach your kids the basics about money.
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Intel launches 3.73GHz Extreme dual-core Pentium
Sssh! PEE 965 shipped quietly
Intel has quietly rolled out the dual-core Pentium Extreme Edition 965, its anticipated upgrade to the gaming-oriented CPU family that ups the clock speed to 3.73GHz. Due in Q2, the part is already making appearances on the chip giant's website.
In other respects, the new chip matches the previous top-of-the-range PEE processor, the 3.46GHz 955. The new part supports a 1066MHz frontside bus clock frequency, each core has 2MB of L2 cache, it's fabbed at 65nm, it has Virtualisation Technology, HyperThreading, support for Windows XP Service Pack 2's 'no execute' anti-virus technique, and has 64-bit addressing.
The 965 may prove short-lived. According to recent Intel roadmaps, the chip will be joined in Q3 by a 'Conroe'-based version of unknown clock speed. The roadmap doesn't show any 'Presler'-based PEEs from Q4 onwards.
The 955 is currently down on Intel's price list as costing $999, as is the previous-generation 840, and we'd expect the new model to be priced at that kind of level. ®


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ONWASA officials in a recently mailed notice said contaminants present in drinking water between 2012 and 2013 pose no immediate health risks.
ONWASA officials in a recently mailed notice said contaminants present in drinking water between 2012 and 2013 pose no immediate health risks.
According to ONWASA, about 60 households who receive their drinking water from the site at the end of the White Oak River Road recently received notice indicating levels of trihalomethanes in their drinking water were above the state mandated standard.
The notice refers to water samples taken between Oct.1, 2012 and Sept. 30, 2013. The document�s �violation awareness date� is Jan. 24, 2014.
�ONWASA recently sent a letter to our customers as required under a new EPA rule, Stage 2 Disinfectant By-Product Rule, which took effect in May of 2012. Under this new rule previous testing results reporting higher levels of Trihalomethanes (THM) in one area of the ONWASA distribution system where the waterline doesn�t experience rapid turnover is now required by the EPA to be reported using the template and wording they provide. The fact is that current test results are typical of those from previous years, and a notice was not required until now,� Executive Director Billy Farmer said via a Friday afternoon press release.
The letter states that the monitoring ending in September revealed contaminant concentration from one sampling location exceeded the standard for total Trihalomethanes.
The standard, the letter states, is 0.080 mg/L and the sample from the location had a highest average level concentration of 0.081 mg/L and a more recent highest average level concentration level of 0.084 mg/L.
The letter also states that residents don�t need to boil water but if they have specific health concerns, they should consult their doctor.
The notice of the language, Farmer said, was dictated to the authority by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
ONWASA was notified by N.C. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources on Jan. 17 that an August sample caused the annual running average to exceed the allowed maximum contaminant level, according to information from the water authority.
�Had it been an emergency you would have been notified within 24 hours of any problems with your drinking water,� ONWASA Public Information Officer Teresa Zavala wrote on the authority�s website.
The same message was conveyed in the letter.
According to ONWASA, the August sample was averaged with three samples from 2013 and 2012 prompting the violation.
�ONWASA has placed automatic flushing devices at strategic points in the distribution system to pull fresh water into the outer ends of the system where Trihalomethanes are most likely to occur. The site that exceeded the standard for THMs has several of these flushing devices and ONWASA continues to monitor their performance to ensure we are maintaining fresh water at this site. We also perform daily chlorine monitoring to maintain levels sufficient for disinfection and to minimize creation of disinfection by-products,� according to ONWASA.
Chlorine levels must be maintained between 4mg/l to 0.20mg/l, according to ONWASA. The average for the system was 0.80 mg/l.
Trihalomethanes are formed as a by-product when chlorine is used to disinfect water for drinking. They form mainly in the distribution system or pipes bringing the water to homes and do not come from the wells or the treatment plant providing drinking water.
Farmer says there are two ways to eliminate Trihalomethanes: not allowing time for them to form and removing the compounds required to form Trihalomethanes.
�Since disinfectant is desirable and a mandated requirement, ONWASA obtained funding and is currently constructing a Reverse Osmosis process at the Dixon Water Treatment facility. This will remove organic compounds before they enter the system and is scheduled for completion November 2014,� he said. According to the EPA, people who drink water containing total trihalomethanes in excess of the maximum contaminant level over many years could experience liver, kidney or central nervous system problems, as well as an increased risk of cancer.
But, according to Farmer, residents in the affected area shouldn�t worry.
�To understand the possible health effects for many regulated constituents including THMs, a person would have to drink 2 liters of water every day at the MCL level for a lifetime to have a one-in-a-million chance of having any of the described health effects,� he said.
According to Sarah Young, public information officer for NC DENR, if the previous requirements were still used, there wouldn�t be a violation because there �has probably not been a deterioration in the water quality.�
�The reason for the violations is clearly due to the more stringent requirement for calculating the MCL by locational running annual average,� she said.
Amanda Hickey is the government reporter at The Daily News. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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ALICEVILLE | A railroad reopened a section of track 10 days after the fiery derailment of a train carrying crude oil in west Alabama, but state environmental officials said Monday they still don't know how much oil spilled into surrounding wetlands.
ALICEVILLE | A railroad reopened a section of track 10 days after the fiery derailment of a train carrying crude oil in west Alabama, but state environmental officials said Monday they still don't know how much oil spilled into surrounding wetlands.
While aerial photos taken by an environmentalist show what appeared to be large areas of oil in a marshy area at the wreck site, state regulators said the extent of the spill was difficult to compute. At least 8,000 gallons of oily water have been removed from the scene, authorities said, adding more remains.
A train composed of 90 tank cars carrying crude oil derailed near Aliceville on Nov. 8, catching fire and spilling crude oil. The area is near a creek that flows into the Tombigbee River.
The Connecticut-based Genesee & Wyoming said the first train to pass the site since the accident got through Sunday night. Authorities have continued to remove damaged rail cars and clean up the area.
Environmentalist John Wathen flew over the crash site Thursday and snapped photographs that appear to show large areas of black liquid floating atop backwaters around the scene.
Wathen said he counted two dozen damaged tank cars still at the scene, and the railroad said each tanker was loaded with about 30,000 gallons of crude being taken from Amory, Miss., to Walnut Hill, Fla.
"There's at least several thousand gallons of oil in the water," Wathen said.
The train was hauling some 2.7 million gallons of oil, based on the railroad's figures.
The company and state have said they were uncertain how much oil spilled because of a large fire that burned for hours after the derailment. Some cars derailed but lost little or no oil, the state said, while photos show other tankers with large holes that would have released petroleum.
Jerome Hand, a spokesman with the Alabama Department of Environmental Management, said crews have removed 7,984 gallons of oil and water at the scene by skimming the top of the water for petroleum, but it's unclear how much of that was oil alone. Workers relied on floating booms to soak up oil in the first days after the accident, he said, but the state doesn't know how much was absorbed.
Genesee & Wyoming said the derailment happened near a 60-foot-long, 10-foot-high wood trestle, which was underneath the derailed cars.
The cause of the accident is under investigation.
Water near the crash site empties into an unnamed tributary that flows into Lubbub Creek, which in turn drains into the Tombigbee, said Wathen, of the group Hurricane Creekkeeper.
Wathen said he saw no evidence that oil had reached the Tombigee, which is about 3 miles downstream, but he cautioned that rains could cause flooding that would spread the contamination.


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Long hair is the beauty of the women. Most of the Indian girls own the pride to have black silky long hair. We feature the beautiful long hair pictures and videos of Indian girls and women including long hair combing, braiding, washing,shampooing, oiling, plays,drying, brushing and actress.
Friday, 1 June 2012
Homely Indian long hair girls
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Although laughter forms an important part of human non-verbal communication, it has received rather less attention than it deserves in both the experimental and the observational literatures. Relaxed social (Duchenne) laughter is associated with feelings of wellbeing and heightened affect, a proximate explanation for which might be the release of endorphins. We tested this hypothesis in a series of six experimental studies in both the laboratory (watching videos) and naturalistic contexts (watching stage performances), using change in pain threshold as an assay for endorphin release. The results show that pain thresholds are significantly higher after laughter than in the control condition. This pain-tolerance effect is due to laughter itself and not simply due to a change in positive affect. We suggest that laughter, through an endorphin-mediated opiate effect, may play a crucial role in social bonding.
1. Introduction
Despite the fact that laughter is a human universal that can occur at very high rates under natural conditions and plays an important role in regulating social interaction (including conversation) in humans, it has been little studied [1,2]. While having a number of unique properties, laughter is a feature that we share with the other great apes (in particular, its use in play contexts [3,4]), and this suggests that it has at least as ancient a heritage as any other aspect of our non-verbal behaviour [2]. Not surprisingly, given this lack of attention, the function and evolutionary significance of laughter remains ambiguous. One suggestion has been that laughter conveys signals of social (and especially mating) interest in a companion [5–7]. A more general version of this hypothesis is that laughter induces a positive attitude in the observer, thereby facilitating interaction by reducing threat [7–9]. An alternative is that laughter induces states of positive affect in the laugher, and this facilitates the capacity to learn new things from others (Fredrickson's [10] 'broaden-and-build' hypothesis). Another possibility is that laughter plays a more generalized role in social bonding at the group level [2], thereby facilitating the enhanced prosociality and cooperation that has played such a crucial role in the evolution of modern humans with their exceptionally large groups [11,12].
None of these explanations, however, provides a plausible biological mechanism for how laughter might enhance affect and produce the proposed effects. A tentative answer derives from the fact that humour can have analgesic properties: patients allowed to watch comedy videos required less pain medication than those who watched control videos [13–15]. However, whether patients laughed was never explicitly tested in these experiments. We suggest that it is the physical action of laughing that generates positive affect by triggering activation of the endorphin system. Endorphins are a class of endogenous opioid peptides produced in the central nervous system (CNS) that not only function as neurotransmitters [16] but also play a crucial role in the management of pain through their analgesic properties: β-endorphin, in particular, appears to play a critical role in buffering the organism against the effects of physiological and psychological stress [17–24]. More importantly, in the present context, endorphins are also thought to play a central role in social bonding, especially in primates [25–27].
Because CNS endorphins do not cross the blood–brain barrier [28,29], it has been common practice to assay endorphin levels using pain threshold [20,22,30–34]. This assay assumes that high levels of CNS endorphins will be associated with an elevated pain threshold. Using pain thresholds as a proxy for endorphin release, we report a set of six experiments that test the hypothesis that, compared with a control condition, laughter elevates endorphin titres.
2. Methods
Because pain thresholds vary between individuals, we used a within-subjects comparison: subjects took a pain threshold test, undertook an experimental or control task and then repeated the pain assay. In five experimental studies, the task involved watching either a comedy video or a non-humorous factual documentary. In a sixth study, we sampled actors and audiences at live performances under completely naturalistic conditions. Details of the videos and selection of subjects are given in the electronic supplementary material.
(a) Experiments 1–3
Experiments 1–3 use different experimental designs to confirm the main effect of laughter on pain threshold. Because humans do not laugh readily when watching even the funniest performances alone [1,35] and laughter is 30 times more likely to occur in social contexts than when alone [36], all subjects were tested in groups.
In experiment 1, 15 females and 20 males were tested in groups of 2–6 in a between-subjects design, with half acting as the experimental group (watching a comedy video) and half as the control group (watching a factual documentary). Experiment 2 used a within-subjects design to confirm that subjects responded differentially to comedy and neutral videos when tested on both. In this experiment, 10 females and six males were tested in five groups of 3–4 individuals in a within-subject design with each subject acting as their own control (each group was tested twice, first in the control condition and then in the experimental condition). In experiment 3, three males and two females (mean age = 23.2 years, range 22–24) formed the experimental group, and eight males and three females (mean age = 24.6 years, range = 20–32) the control group.
Pain tolerance was assayed using a frozen vacuum wine cooler sleeve (frozen to −16°C for the start of each trial; maximum duration 180 s) in experiments 1 and 2, and a mercurial sphygmomanometer (inflated to a maximum pressure of 260–280 mmHg) in experiment 3. In each case, subjects were asked to indicate when they could no longer stand the pain (see electronic supplementary material).
In experiments 1 and 2, we estimated how much time participants spent laughing while watching videos by scan sampling each participant at 15 s intervals, recording whether or not they were laughing.
(b) Experiments 4 and 5
In experiments 1–3, all subjects were tested in groups, making it difficult to determine whether the change in pain threshold was due to some kind of group effect rather than to laughter. Experiment 4 tested for this confound by separating out the two effects. In this experiment, 21 males (mean age = 25.7 ± 9.4 years, range 18–55) and 41 females (mean age = 24.0 ± 8.7 s.d. years, range 18–58) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions in which they watched either a neutral video alone, a comedy video alone or a comedy video in a group of four (each of 15 min duration). Laughter was recorded on individual dictaphones hung from each subject's neck, and subsequently scan-sampled for the presence/absence of laughter at 15 s intervals. Owing to equipment malfunction, laughter data are available only for 58 subjects and pain threshold data for 60.
A second possible confound relates to the interface between affect and endorphins. Although endorphins are known to mediate affect [21], the change in pain threshold might be due to changes in affect rather than the laughter itself. Experiment 5 separated out these two effects. In this experiment, 14 males (mean age = 23.0 years, range 18–32) and 36 females (mean age = 19.9 years, range 18–27) were randomly assigned to watch one of the three 15 min video clips (neutral, positive affect and comedy). Participants in the neutral condition either watched the film alone in a small cubicle (n = 10) or in single-sex groups of four (n = 8). Those in the affect and comedy conditions watched the videos only in single sex groups of four. Participants were audio-recorded with a hidden microphone. The absolute number of laughter bouts for the group as a whole was scored from the audio recordings without differentiating who was laughing.
In both experiments, pain tolerance was assessed following the procedure used in experiment 3. Subjects completed a positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) [37] before and after watching the video to measure the change in positive and negative affect.
(c) Experiment 6
In order to determine whether the results of experiments 1–3 generalized to the real world outside the laboratory, we used live theatrical performances at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in August 2008 as an outdoor laboratory. In this experiment, 27 performers and technical crew members (10 females, 17 males: mean age = 21.6 years, range 18–30) participated in this experiment over a period of 18 days. Several of these appeared as both actor and audience on different days (depending on whether they were performing), yielding a total of 41 cases in all. Four experimental conditions were created: comedy actors (six female, 11 male), comedy audience (six female, 11 male), drama actors (one female, three male) and drama audience (one female, two male).
In each condition, participants were required to complete a pain test at least an hour before performing or watching the show and to repeat this immediately after the show. Because experiment 6 was conducted outside the laboratory, we used a standard ski exercise as a pain assay: subjects lean against a wall with their legs at right angles (as if sitting on a straight-backed chair) until it becomes too painful and they collapse onto the ground [38,39]. Subjects completed a questionnaire self-reporting how much they had laughed during the performance (on a 0–5 scale).
Because individual subjects were sampled at several performances (mean 2.9, range 1–6) in any given condition, all analyses are based on mean values for individual subjects in each condition. However, to determine whether there was any habituation effect, we correlated difference in the time for which the position was held with order of performance for all subjects who had three or more trials. Of the 11 subjects who met this criterion, six exhibited positive correlations and five negative correlations, suggesting that there was no consistent bias owing to multiple trials (binomial test: n.s.).
(d) Statistical analysis
Change in pain threshold was normally distributed in all but one of 16 conditions across the six experiments, and overall, does not differ from a normal distribution (Fisher's meta-analysis: χ2 = 24.76, d.f. = 2 × k = 32, p = 0.857; see electronic supplementary material). Percentage of time spent laughing was significantly different from a normal distribution, but ln-transforms of (%laugh + 1) (to remove 0 values) was not; so ln-transformed data are used for analysis in this case. All statistical tests are two-tailed except in respect of the variable condition: as a directional hypothesis is being tested in this case (comedy > neutral), a one-tailed test is appropriate.
3. Results
(a) Laughter rates
To establish that laughter rates differ across experimental and control conditions in the way predicted, we first tested for an effect of video type on laughter rates in the three experiments where laughter by individual subjects was sampled by scan-sampling (experiments 1, 2 and 4). Subjects spent significantly more time laughing in the comedy condition than in the control condition (electronic supplementary material, figure S1). Condition (video type) is the only factor that significantly affects the dependent variable (study: F1,115 = 1.31, p = 0.275; condition: F3,115 = 166.92, p < 0.001; gender: F1,115 = 1.69, p = 0.196; condition × gender: F3,115 = 0.36, p = 0.670). Scheffé post hoc tests confirm that laughter rates (i) are significantly higher in all the comedy conditions than in all the control conditions, (ii) are significantly higher in the comedy-alone condition than in the control conditions, (iii) are significantly higher in all the group comedy conditions than in the comedy-alone condition (all at p < 0.001), and (iv) do not differ significantly between the experimental (comedy) conditions across experiments (p > 0.600).
(b) Laughter and pain tolerance
Figure 1 plots the difference in pain tolerance before and after viewing the video for the control (neutral) versus the experimental (comedy) groups for experiments 1–3. Condition is the only factor that has a significant effect, with change in pain tolerance being significantly higher in experimental (comedy video) conditions than in control (neutral video) conditions (condition: F1,77 = 4.09, p = 0.024; study: F2,77 = 1.01, p = 0.370; gender: F2,77 = 3.91, p = 0.051; condition × gender: F1,77 = 1.15, p = 0.287). Note that there is a marginally significant effect of gender (p = 0.051). This effect is not, however, consistent across experiments: in the experimental condition, females showed a stronger effect than males in experiments 1 and 2, but the reverse was the case in experiment 3.
The critical test for the endorphin hypothesis is that there should be a significantly elevated pain threshold in the experimental conditions, but no change (δ = 0) in the control conditions. We tested this by comparing the distribution of pain threshold differences (after minus before) in a one-sample t-test against the null hypothesis that δ = 0. Taken together, change in pain threshold is significantly greater than zero in the three experimental conditions (experiment 1: t16 = 2.12, p = 0.007; experiment 2: t15 = 1.12, p = 0.140; experiment 3: t4 = 9.46, p < 0.001; Fisher's meta-analysis: χ2 = 30.44, d.f. = 6, p < 0.00001), but not significantly greater than zero in the three control conditions (experiment 1: t17 = 1.50, p = 0.924; experiment 2: t15 = 1.09, p = 0.146; experiment 3: t10 = 1.79, p = 0.948; Fisher's meta-analysis: χ2 = 6.91, d.f. = 6, p = 0.329).
(c) Group and affect confounds
In experiment 4, we checked whether the elevated pain thresholds in the comedy condition were due simply to being tested in a group or whether there is a parametric effect of the amount of laughter. Ln-transformed laughter rates varied significantly across conditions (electronic supplementary material, figure S1; F2,55 = 94.29, p < 0.001), with all differences between conditions being significant (group comedy > comedy alone > neutral alone: Scheffé post hoc tests, p < 0.001). Positive affect scores did not differ significantly between conditions, although they were in the same direction (F2,59 = 2.96, p = 0.060). Condition has a significant effect on pain threshold (figure 2; F2,56 = 5.56, p = 0.007), but gender does not (F1,56 = 0.97, p = 0.318); there is a significant condition × gender interaction (F1,56 = 5.33, p = 0.008), but this may reflect the rather small sample size for males in the group comedy condition. Scheffé post hoc tests for condition indicate that threshold changes in the neutral-alone condition are significantly smaller than that in the group comedy (p = 0.043), but the comedy-alone condition does not differ significantly from either the neutral-alone condition (p = 0.861) or the group comedy condition (p = 0.110), indicating that laughter exhibits something closer to a dose–response effect than a step change due solely to a group effect: experiencing comedy in a group ramps up the laughter response, and this is reflected in a proportional change in pain threshold.
Experiment 5 sought to determine whether the change in pain threshold is due to laughter or to affect alone. It did this by asking subjects to view a non-humorous positive affect video, as well as the usual neutral and comedy videos. Ln-transformed laughter rates varied significantly across conditions (F3,46 = 46.64, p < 0.001), with all differences between conditions being significant (comedy group > neutral group > affect group > neutral alone: Scheffé post hoc tests, p ≤ 0.031). Positive PANAS scores showed a broadly similar pattern across conditions (F3,46 = 3.54, p = 0.022), but only the scores in the group comedy condition were significantly (p = 0.022) higher than those in the other three conditions (which did not themselves differ: p ≥ 0.198). The differences in mean pain threshold across the four conditions are shown in figure 3. We first tested whether pain thresholds in the positive affect condition are significantly different from those in the two neutral conditions (they are not: F2,27 = 0.16, p = 0.856), and then whether pain thresholds in the group comedy condition are significantly greater than the neutral and affect conditions combined (they are: F1,48 = 4.95, p = 0.016 one-tailed). Thus, laughter can be differentiated from positive affect per se in its effect on pain threshold, even though laughter may enhance (or be correlated with) enhanced positive affect.
(d) Laughter under natural conditions (experiment 6)
As a final test of the hypothesis, we ran a version of the experiment under natural conditions at live theatrical performances. Mean self-report laughter scores in the comedy condition were 3.5 ± 0.87 for actors and 3.38 ± 1.12 for audience members (modal value = 4 for both, on a Likert scale of 1–5), indicating that both performers and audience actively laughed during the sampled sessions. Subjects in the drama events did not laugh at all (all scores = 0). Figure 4 plots the change in pain threshold separately for actors and audience in the comedy and drama events. There was a significant effect of condition (comedy versus drama: F1,38 = 3.86, p = 0.022 one-tailed), but no effect owing to status (actor versus audience: F1,38 = 0.16, p = 0.901). More importantly, the difference in pain threshold is significantly greater than δ = 0 for both actors (t16 = 3.983, p < 0.001) and audience (t16 = 2.742, p = 0.007) in the comedy events, but not in the drama events (though sample sizes are small in the latter; actors: t3 = −1.022, p = 0.618; audience: t2 = 1.932, p = 0.193; all tests one-tailed).
4. Discussion
We tested the hypothesis that social laughter elevates pain thresholds both in the laboratory and under naturalistic conditions. In both cases, the results confirmed that when laughter is elicited, pain thresholds are significantly increased, whereas when subjects watched something that does not naturally elicit laughter, pain thresholds do not change (and are often lower). These results can best be explained by the action of endorphins released by laughter.
An important distinction is drawn between Duchenne laughter (relaxed, unforced laughter that is stimulus-driven and emotionally valent, involving involuntary contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscles) and non-Duchenne laughter (context-driven and emotionless, with no orbicularis oculi involvement) [1,2,40,41]. Neuroimaging evidence suggests that these two types of laughter involve different neural pathways [42]. The involuntary nature of Duchenne laughter is largely responsible for the well-known contagion effect whereby we are stimulated to laugh just by others laughing. Precisely because Duchenne laughter is intensely social and contagious [1,40], it is likely that the endorphin effect is limited to this form of laughter. Indeed, only Duchenne laughter has the capacity to mitigate negative emotions and stress [40].
Most of the phenomena that trigger endorphin release involve physical exercise (running, circuit-training, rowing, etc. [18,33,43–45]) or other forms of pressure on the body surface (e.g. grooming and massage [46]). In the case of laughter, we assume that the functional mechanism is the muscular exertion involved in sustained laughter. As the sonograms in Davila Ross et al. [4] illustrate, ape laughter typically consists of a series of alternating exhalations and inhalations, whereas that of humans typically consists of a sustained series of exhalations without drawing breath (see also [1]). (This capacity to maintain a long series of exhalations is crucial to speech [1,47,48].) It is this long series of exhalations that appears to be exhausting (hence triggering endorphin release), and this might be either because the physical effort involved is itself significant or because emptying the lungs in an uninterrupted series of exhalations is taxing.
Although it has been argued that positive affect plays an important role in the bonding of groups of individuals [49], experiment 5 suggests that affect alone may be insufficient to create a significant endorphin surge. Given that neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between endorphin uptake at receptor sites and perceptions of affect [21], our results suggest that the sense of heightened affect in this context probably derives from the way laughter triggers endorphin uptake.
Although laughter plays an important role in regulating conversation in humans [1], it may also play a significant role in facilitating social bonding among groups of individuals [2,11,12,50]. In both primates and humans, for example, laughter plays an important signalling role during social play [1–3]. The capacity to sustain laughter for periods of several minutes at a time may exaggerate the opioid effects, thus ramping up the sense of heightened affect that humans experience in these contexts. A key aspect of this may be that social (or Duchenne) laughter is highly socially synchronized [1]. In a study of physical exercise (rowing), synchronized activity ramped up endorphin production (as indexed by change in pain threshold) by a factor of two over that generated by exercise alone [33]. If the opiate effects of endorphins create a sense of wellbeing, synchronized activity might then lead to enhanced prosociality, and hence group bonding and cooperation [50]. Indeed, even simple behavioural synchrony is sufficient to enhance cooperative behaviour in subjects [51]. As we might anticipate a similar effect arising from social laughter, a promising future development would be to test whether sustained laughter in groups enhances prosociality or altruistic behaviour.
Laughter contrasts with many more conventional aspects of non-verbal communication in one important respect: it seems to create euphoric states in the performer similar to those experienced in communal music-making, dancing and some of the rituals of religion [52]. There is some evidence to suggest that these euphoric states are also associated with the release of endorphins [11,53]. Singing, dancing and rituals have long been recognized as important components in the process of bonding whole communities in traditional societies, a process referred to variously in the anthropological literature as 'effervescence' [54] and 'communitas' [55]. An obvious hypothesis is that all these activities exploit the same psychopharmacological mechanism (the release of endorphins) as social grooming does in primates [25,26], and so provide a bridging mechanism (i.e. a form of grooming at a distance) that enables humans to bond social communities that are much larger than those that primates can bond by social grooming alone [12–25,56]. This possibility awaits detailed testing.
This research was supported by the British Academy Centenary Research Project.
- Received June 30, 2011.
- Accepted August 26, 2011.
- This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society


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Greg Walden has given plenty of speeches in his long political career, but on Saturday in his hometown of Hood River he spoke two words he's never uttered before (at least in public):
"Let's disco!"
Walden, the Republican U.S. Congressman, was guest speaker at the Hood River Chamber of Commerce annual dinner, where 1970s dance and fashion filled the hall with bright lights, loud outfits and wild hairstyles.
"My mother always warned me there could be flashbacks from that era, and believe me tonight I think I have seen some flashbacks," Walden said, looking out at the garish polyester suits and gowns, scarves, and sunglasses.
"What's most surprising about all this is that in this day of Youtube, you folks are actually wearing these things," said Walden, who was on hand with his wife, Mylene.
Walden may be a powerful Congressman, but the real big wigs were on Chamber members heads.
There were some surprising get-ups, from Cheryl White as Charo to Mark Brown as Village People construction worker to Chuck Hinman in full earth tone polyester splendor and Lisa Marie Nelson in spot-on replication of a famous 1970s TV character (photos at right).
Everywhere you turned there were shiny gowns, tan leisure suits, yellow pant suits, smiley face earrings, medallions nestled in chest hair, wide lapels, "afro" wigs, and billowy sleeves.
But there was no surprise, except to the recipient, when the Chamber Member of the Year was announced: Andrew McElderry, owner of Hood River Cinema and Skylight Theater and Pub.
An emotional Kerry Cobb, Chamber executive director, gave the award to McElderry.
"He saw problems and he solved problems," Cobb said of McElderry, who worked along with Mark Brown, 2010 Chamber president, when the Chamber went through extensive reorganization mid-year, a process dominated by the departure of former executive Mary Closson.
McElderry "saw problems and solved problems," Cobb said. "He worked many long hours, mending relationships while attending to the demands of running his own business. Yet if we had a list of 10 things to do, he would take five of them."
"He believed in us, and he believed in the Chamber. He made us laugh, and when we were tempted to give up, he helped us keep going."
On Saturday, Brown told McElderry, "Thank you, for stepping up and helping."
McElderry, wearing an oversized pink cloth top hat, said, "I am dumbfounded," at the honor.
"I really didn't expect this," he said, offering thanks to his wife, Melissa, for her support while he worked to buoy the Chamber.
"I believe in the Chamber. I believe in this town. I love this town," Andrew said.
His award was not the only one of the night. The Chamber gave the Business of the Year honor to Best Western Hood River Inn, and Cobb announced a new honor, the Community Service Award, "for someone who went above and beyond the call of duty."
Don Benton is the first recipient. Brown described Benton as "a man who serves on so many boards," including Ambassadors and Police Citizen Advisory Board, and is always willing to help," and was involved in many things from directing traffic at the Christmas parade to mentoring students at the high school.
The business of the evening concluded with the auctioning of a flag to fly over the U.S. Capitol, led by Walden.
Steve Benton and David Ryan bid $1,700 each for two flags.
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Vols focus on fundamentals in bid to improve defense that struggled to stop anybody last year
KNOXVILLE, Tenn. – Tennessee is focusing on fundamentals in its attempt to improve a defense that statistically ranked among the worst in school history last season.
The first area of concern is tackling, something the Volunteers didn't do often enough or well enough a year ago.
"To line up and play defense, you've got to be great tacklers," safety Byron Moore said. "If you can't tackle, it doesn't matter what scheme we put in or what play we call if we can't get the man on the ground."
Tennessee allowed the most points (35.7) and yards (471.4) per game of any Southeastern Conference team last season. The Vols hadn't allowed that high a scoring average since 1893, when they gave up 42.7 points per game while playing a six-game schedule. Tennessee hadn't given up that many yards per game since at least 1950, the earliest year its sports information department has that statistic on file.
The Vols return at least eight players from that defense who made at least six starts last season. That figure moves up to nine if you include defensive back Eric Gordon, who remains on the roster but didn't practice with the team last week while addressing some unspecified off-field issues.
That list of returners is headlined by linebacker A.J. Johnson, who had 138 tackles last season and ranked fourth nationally with 11.5 tackles per game. Moore ranked second on the team with 86 tackles and tied for the SEC lead with five interceptions.
But Tennessee won't upgrade its defense unless all the returning players perform much better. That starts with improving on the most basic of skills.
"Obviously we've got a lot of work to do on our tackling," new defensive coordinator John Jancek said. "That's pretty obvious to everyone who was out here. We're missing a lot of tackles."
Tennessee is switching to a 4-3 defense this season after a disastrous experiment with a 3-4 alignment last year. For the first part of spring practice, new coach Butch Jones' staff has concentrated more on improving fundamentals than installing the new scheme. That figures to continue next week as the Vols return from spring break and resume practice.
"It doesn't do you any good to have a bunch of calls if they don't know how to tackle, they don't know how to run to the ball or they're not doing the things necessary to play great defense," Jancek said. "I'm not even worried about that. I want them to learn how to play the game with the tempo and passion we want to have on defense. Once we establish that, then we can implement things."
The players understand this emphasis.
Moore agrees the Vols have to improve their tackling. Asked whether tackling was a weakness of this defense last year, Moore offered a blunt response.
"Last year, I think everything went bad, so anything could be considered a weakness," Moore said.
Indeed, Tennessee's defense struggled in just about every area last season. The Vols ranked 13th out of 14 SEC teams in sacks per game (1.42) and run defense (188.8). They gave up 4.8 yards per carry.
The Vols realize they have a long way to go. They got another reminder after their first spring scrimmage.
"I think we started out good at first, and as it went on, I think we started to doubt," defensive lineman Marlon Walls said of the scrimmage performance. "That's been our M.O. for this defense for the last few years."
This isn't necessarily cause for alarm.
Jancek noted this isn't the first time he took over a defense that needed to improve its tackling. He previously worked as a defensive coordinator or co-defensive coordinator at Cincinnati, Georgia and Central Michigan.
"I'd say it's pretty normal, was to be expected," Jancek said. "I'm not shocked by it, put it that way."


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Today's App of the Day has been a long time coming. In fact, it's been delayed for almost a year.
But, rather than bringing a "generic" app to the App Store party, Vimeo wanted to cause a stir. And Andrew Pile, Vimeo's head of product and development thinks the online video giant has done.
"We've been working on it for a really long time," Pile said. "It's definitely the most fully featured video-editing app out there for the price."
- Format
- iPhone
- Price
- Free
- Where
- App Store
No doubt your familiar with Vimeo and its video hosting website. It's like the posh version of YouTube.
So it's no surprise that the video specialist has finally brought an iPhone app out, whereby you can search the site's extensive libraries, comment on videos, like videos and share videos with your pals on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and the like.
What is surprising, especially when you consider that this a free app, is that the Vimeo app does all of that and a whole lot more.
In fact, the video watching option is just a very small part of what is a very impressive app indeed.
For you see, Vimeo has kept its original promise of matching or exceeding a similar app created by Apple, and undercut the price at the same time. That app - iMovie. Yep, that's right; the Vimeo app is a full video editing package.
And when we say full, we mean full. You'll find within the app the ability to record video with focus control and grid alignment, or start new projects using the videos that you've already shot on your iPhone.
You can then combine, edit, and trim your videos and also add effects, titles and transitions. You can even add music or sound recordings from a built in library or by using Wi-Fi or a USB iTunes connection.
When you're doing playing Hollywood you can save the edited videos to your camera roll or upload them directly to Vimeo (in SD or HD).
And all for nada. Brilliant, we're sure you'll agree. Plus, the Vimeo team is stating that the app, which has just gone live in the App Store, "is just the beginning".
It may be a long time behind schedule, but we're welcoming it with open arms. This is one of the best free apps you can get for your iPhone. Grab it now, before they slap a price-tag on it. You won't be disappointed.


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PORTSMOUTH -- The performance by a cappella group Tuckermans at 9 at Café Nostimo in Portsmouth on Saturday, Feb. 9, has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond the group's control. The show will be rescheduled for a date to be determined.
More information: 603-436-3100, cafenostimo.com, tuckermansat9.com, or Tuckermans at 9 on Facebook.


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When you think of fall, you think of cool nights, turning leaves and fairs. Our first fair in the fall (I still can't believe our English teachers taught us not to capitalize the seasons) came in the last week of October 1911. That first fair was a prelude to the 12th Congressional District Fair which came a year later. But for a premier autumn event, the fair was a tremendous success, much of which was due to its sponsor, Daniel W. Gilbert.
Technically it wasn't the first fair held in Dublin, but it was the first county wide fair. The first known fair was staged in early October 1905 when the Colored Agricultural Fair was held at the City Pavilion on lower East Madison Street. There were prizes for agricultural products with ball playing and riding every day. The Acme State Brass Band of Macon provided the musicial entertainment.
The people of Laurens County had good reason to take a few days after the end of the harvest to celebrate in 1911. In the early years of county fairs, agriculture and home economics dominated the exhibition halls. The cotton farmers of the county had produced more than thirty million pounds of cotton, more than any other county in the history of the State of Georgia. And, the local cotton crop that year, not counting farmers who took their cotton to gins in other counties, was larger than that of the entire state of Missouri.
Daniel W. Gilbert, proprietor of Gilbert Hardware Company, wanted to promote agriculture in the county through a fair, even if he had to do it all by himself or with a lot of help from the youngsters of the Boys' and Girls' Farm Life Club. With no large lot to stage his fair on, Gilbert cleared out his massive hardware store at 123 W. Jackson Street, a building which would become the center of Farmers and Merchants Bank.
Gilbert invited every farmer in the county to bring an exhibit to show his best crops and livestock. To ensure the crowds would be big, Gilbert enlisted the aid of the young ladies of the Poplar Springs Industrial School and Bethsaida Baptist Church to serve free lunches every day during the six-day fair, which began on Monday, October 23 and ended on Saturday, October 28.
Free food wasn't good enough, the people of that day were addicted to speeches. Any time there was someone who would stand up and speak about politics, better agricultural methods and good roads, a crowd would gather.
Food and speeches still weren't what fair exhibitors were after. They wanted prizes. So Gilbert picked out some of the better items from his store and put them up for prizes. Top prize categories ranged from plows to a cotton stalk with the most open bolls to a corn stalk with the most ears of corn. Swiss razors went to those bringing in the best pecks of wheat or oats. The largest pumpkin or the best half peck of peanuts would bring the winner a choice of any one-dollar item in the store. If you made the best jar of preserved peaches, pears or watermelon rinds, you walked off with a set of teaspoons to eat your prize winning entry.
Animals were on the prize list as well. The best of everything from chickens, to cows, horses, turkeys, ducks and geese all won an award. These prizes were given by the boys and girls themselves.
Wednesday was "Ladies Day." All women were invited to come and see the domestic exhibits. The day turned out to be a far better day than Gilbert had ever hoped for. The Dublin Courier-Dispatch reported, "The exhibits in the main building comprise almost everything ever shown at a county fair. The agricultural exhibit is especially fine and deserves recognition." The reporter especially cited the fine display of canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, and pickles as well as a splendid display of needlework, handmade especially for the fair.
Friday, the next to the last day of the fair, was billed as Education Day. Just as promised by Gilbert, there were speeches. County School Superintendent Zollicoffer Whitehurst, known to those who couldn't spell his first name as "Z. Whitehurst," joined Robert E. Martin, the manager of the Dublin Chamber of Commerce, City School Superintendent R.E. Brooks, and Congressman Dudley M. Hughes of Danville on the dias.
Hughes, more than any other local congressman, was the best expert on agricultural and agri-business issues. Dr. Flanders of the Georgia Prison Commission addressed the crowds on the issue of good roads, a hot topic of the day.
Wanting to get in on the action, other businesses offered their facilities to fair goers.
The Dublin Buggy Company on the courthouse square and Ogburn Buggy Company on South Lawrence Street displayed several of their finest buggies on the sidewalks of their stores as well as pens of prime hogs in pens near the rear of their warehouses.
Although Daniel Gilbert received quite a bit of recognition for conducting the fair, the real success of the fair came because of the efforts of his young assistant and secretary, Peter S. Twitty, Jr. Twitty, with the help of an efficient staff, made a name for himself that week. Within six years, the young merchant would be elected Mayor of Dublin. He later became the head of the Georgia Department of Game and Fish.
Sadly, few written accounts of that first fair have survived. Coverage by the Macon Telegraph was nonexistent. Its editors opted instead to cover the more widely popular Georgia State Fair in Macon.
Even more sad is the fact that the days of county fairs disappeared way too long ago. Gone are those good old days when thousands of people left the farms and the homes of the county and gathered in town for a day of fun, food and prizes.
The success of that first fair wasn't at all lost on the movers and shakers of Laurens County and the Emerald City of Dublin. Almost immediately, plans for a fair the next year were being set. Every businessman around the town tried to get in on the planning. The 12th District Fairs in 1912 and 1913 were two of the biggest and most successful fairs ever held in this area of the state. But, it was a century ago when we had our first fair and the days of autumn were all clear, cool and fun.


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Spiro shows improvement in Stilwell scrimmage
SPIRO — The good news was that Spiro football coach Chris Bunch saw some improvement in his team from last week's home scrimmage with Okmulgee to Thursday night's scrimmage at McClain Stadium against the Stilwell Indians."I saw some improvement in certain spots," Spiro coach Chris Bunch said. "We still have some kids who are banged up and didn't get to play as much as I was wanting them to. Hopefully, we'll get those guys back by next week, but I did see some improvement."Unfortunately, the one thing that Bunch was hoping to see that he didn't was that his players were in better condition."I didn't think we handled it very well," he said. "We were still sucking for air. If we made a big play, we had to come out [due to weariness]. That means we're not in shape yet, and we're playing a lot of young kids. I think our biggest problem is getting into shape. The only thing I didn't see improvement in was our conditioning. We'll get to work on that more next week."


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Lancaster Super Speedway roars back to action with the SECA Crate Late Model Division returning to headline the action Saturday night.
The SECA Crate Late Models will be paying $1,000 to win.
This season has seen some of the best SECA Crate Late Model racing at LSS in years, with Timbo Mangum and Benji Knight leading the way with two wins apiece.
Other drivers who have won on the 2016 racing season are Steve Banal one, Chris Hargett one, Chris Steele one, Brandy Baker one and Pat Linsday one.
Last Saturday's races at Lancaster Motor Speedway included Montgomery Towing Super Stock, Deal 1 Auto Sales SECA Crate Sportsman, Cauthen Motors Renegades, M&M Garage Extreme 4 and U.S. Bonding Vintage.
Montgomery Towing Super Stock finishing order was Brandy Baker, Jason Gulledge, Joseph Engelbrecht, Elias Grant, Johnny Starkey, Andrew Winderl and Michael Stuart.
Jeff Smith captured an exciting win in the Carolina Clash to highlight racing action at Lancaster Super Speedway on Saturday night.
Johnny Pursley and Chris Ferguson were on the front row for the Clash.
When the green flag waved, Pursley, Ferguson, Ross Bailes and Josh Langley roared into turn one battling for the lead.
Exiting turn two, it was Pursley, Bailes and a dogfight for fourth between Ferguson, Josh Langley and Jeff Smith. As the laps passed, Pursley took the lead, while Bailes chased.
Lancaster Super Speedway will host its biggest racing night of the 2016 season Saturday night.
The Sept. 3 racing card will feature the ever-popular Carolina Clash Super Late Model Series.
Hometown drivers Josh Langley and "The Rock Hill Bad Boy," Ben Watkins are set to defend their hometown track from the likes of Johnny Pursley, on a hot streak of late winning four straight races and moving up the rankings on DirtonDirt top 25 rankings at No. 23.
Andrew Baker captured a pair of wins to highlight Lancaster Super Speedway action Saturday night.
Baker, in the Montgomery Towing Super Stock main event, was on the front row with Jason Gulledge. At the green flag, Andrew Baker, Gulledge, Brandy Baker and Elias Grant battled for the lead entering turn one. Exiting turn two, Andrew Baker led while Gulledge and Brandy Baker battled for second.
Lancaster Super Speedway will be hosting an exciting night of racing action headlined by the Deal 1 Auto Sales SECA Crate Sportsman Countdown to River Wars race Saturday night.
The Deal 1 Auto Sales SECA Crate Sportsman drivers have three events, a non-winners race paying $400 to win, all-star winners race paying $400 to win and a full feature main event paying $500 to win.
This race will be an action-packed race leading up to Rivers Wars on Sept. 3 for the Deal 1 Auto Sales SECA Crate Sportsman Division.
Saturday night was a beautiful evening at Lancaster Super Speedway, with blazing racing, lower temperatures and heated tempers flaring.
The SECA Crate Late Model main front row had Pat Lindsay and Benji Knight.
At the green flag, Lindsay, Knight, Brandy Baker and Timbo Mangum roared into turn one battling for the lead. Exiting turn two, Lindsay led, while Knight, Baker, Mangum, Travis Steele and Manley Chaney contested for second.
Lancaster Super Speedway roars back to action Saturday night.
The LSS card is headlined by the popular SECA Crate Late Model Division.
On July 30, "The Gambler," Brandy Baker, won the SECA Crate Late Model Division race at Lancaster Super Speedway.
Baker had to earn it though as Travis Steele pressured him the entire race for the lead.
LSS racing fans can expect to see those two drivers along with Hank Taylor, Timbo Mangum, Benji Knight, Mike Huey, Mac Huey, Manley Chaney and Charles Kluttz competing for the win.
Lancaster Super Speedway featured top racing and amazing car counts Saturday night.
In the Cauthen Motors Renegade Division, the front row had Ryan "Superstar" Whitaker and Robbie Helms. When the green flag waved to start the race, Whitaker, Helms, Brandy Baker and Andrew Baker battled for the lead entering turn one. Exiting turn two, Helms led with a dogfight for second between Whitaker, the Bakers and Steve Hinson.
Lancaster Super Speedway roars back to action Saturday night with a major streak on the line.
The Cauthen Motors Renegade Division features an interesting situation.
Andrew Baker has been dominating the competition lately, reeling off four straight wins.
Lancaster Super Speedway owner Doug McManus has put up a $150 bounty to any driver who can outrun Andrew Baker.
Copyright © 2018
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita is Honoree at Lake County Legal Community Recognition Dinner in Munster Thursday
Contact: Jim Gavin
Secretary Rokita recognized by the Calumet Council, Boy Scouts of America
(Munster, IN) Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita told several Boy Scouts at the Lake County Community Recognition Dinner on Thursday that he is confident they are learning important traits such as responsibility that will someday allow them to help fill the current leadership gap in public service.
Secretary Rokita addressed the scouts as the honored guest at the dinner on Thursday. The annual event is hosted by the Calumet Council of the Boy Scouts of America as a benefit for local scouting programs. According to event organizers, Secretary Rokita was chosen as the 2009 honoree in recognition of the significant contributions he has made to his profession, community and the State of Indiana.
"I'm pleased to be honored by an important community-focused organization such as the Boy Scouts," said Secretary Rokita. "But the honor should go to the scouts themselves for their dedication to public service and to the Calumet Council for their leadership in establishing this worthwhile event."
Secretary Rokita also told the scouts that their generation will inherit problems such as monumental budget deficits because of a lack of courage in federal government, but said their experience in scouting will prepare them well to be leaders and to make the hard decisions necessary to help lead the nation out of tough times.
Indiana Secretary of State Todd Rokita (above) receives his plaque of recognition from Jim Larson, president of the Calumet Council of the Boy Scouts, as the honoree at the 2009 Lake County Legal Community Recognition Dinner.
For more specific information, please contact Jim Gavin at 317.233.8655 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Event Type: Adult
Age Group(s): Adults
Date: 10/12/2018
Start Time: 5:30 PM
End Time: 9:00 PM
By attending, you will be joining a large and growing group of people who have gathered around the nationally best selling book series, Stitch �n Bitch by Debbie Stoller. The library is proud to join an internationally established knitting club with over 1000 clubs in 239 locations worldwide, in a tradition that dates back to World War II. Other local groups include Evanston, Highland Park, Elgin (Gail Borden Library), and Mt. Prospect. This group is for those who enjoy knitting, crocheting, cross stitching, and other crafts. Enjoy pie, coffee, and conversation while you use the library�s space to work on your project du jour. Join others in a lively atmosphere who share a love for learning to knit, crochet, or purl for the first time, as well as those who are well experienced in the needle arts.
Location: Meeting Room
Contact: Adult Services
Contact Number: (847)546-7060x4


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1:00 pm-1:30 pm Eat Your Words
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3:00 pm-4:00 pm Andrew Talks to Chefs
4:00 pm-4:45 pm All in the Industry ®
5:00 pm-5:45 pm The Grape Nation
6:00 pm-6:45 pm Food Without Borders
7:00 pm-7:45 pm Feast Meets West
10:00 am-10:45 am The Main Course O.G.
11:00 am-11:45 am Tech Bites
12:00 pm-12:45 pm A Taste of the Past
1:00 pm-1:45 pm Radio Cherry Bombe
2:00 pm-2:45 pm Why Food?
3:00 pm-3:45 pm A Hungry Society
4:00 pm-4:45 pm Inside Julia's Kitchen
5:00 pm-5:45 pm HRN Happy Hour
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Saxelby Radio Scholars
Recruit. Retain. Relax.
ORIGINS: A Speaker Series
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We Dig Plants
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Aired: Monday, March 1st 2010
Arthur Allen calls in to promote his book "RIPE", and Pocketknife drops a mellow Monday afternoon set.


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Maven to be Built on Guice
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Update February 5, 2010, 23:15 GMT: The initial version of this post errantly explained that Maven 3 will be built on Guice. It has been brought to our attention that, while work is planned to ultimately move Maven to work on top of Guice, there is no committment for the 3.0 version, per se. Our apologies for any confusion, and thanks to Jason van Zyl for clarifying the situation with Maven 3.
Sonatype, the professional services company that sponsors the development of many key Maven committers, has announced that they are investigating moving Maven to a plugin layer on top of the Guice Dependency Injection (DI) container, and moving away from the Plexus DI container. The decision to use Guice was apparently not made lightly. Plexus, an aging DI container, has been used in all versions of Maven. It was used originally - as Jason van Zyl (the Maven project and Sonatype founder) describes - because it was one of the only viable options when Maven 1.0 was conceived. Avalon, a now defunct Apache project, was one of the well known, alternative, DI solutions.
Maven is a build tool that prescribes convention-over-configuration based heuristics for building an application. It has seen some fanfare for its utility, though many have bemoaned its seeming inflexibility. To adapt Maven to a task you can configure an existing plugin - which is a pretty painless task - or write your own. Many developers suffer here. Plexus is used internally in the Maven runtime by the plugins. Plugin authors need to understand Plexus - often a tedious undertaking because the Plexus documentation is poor - to write custom Maven plugins or to better understand existing ones. van Zyl cites many reasons for the proposed migration from Plexus to Guice, besides the poor documentation. He describes the need to reduce the commitment to the Plexus project, saying that the Maven project didn't intended to build and support a DI container, but to promote and build tools and infrastructure supporting developers and builds.
Meanwhile, another project surrounding Maven, called Polyglot Maven, promises many other enhancements to make writing plugins and adapting Maven easier, including support for Maven
pom files written in other languages (like Groovy, or Scala, for example.)
Guice is a popular DI container originally developed by Google staffers - including Bob Lee. It allows implementation classes to be programmatically bound to an interface. Then, the resulting instance may be injected into constructors, methods, or fields using the Guice
@Inject annotation.
More recently, Guice has added support for JSR 330. JSR 330 specifies a portable, useful subset of DI functionality which may be implemented across different implementations. Support is already available in many implementations, including Guice and SpringSource's Spring Framework. Both Bob Lee and Jason van Zyl were on the JSR 330 team. Maven's Guice support will be written using the JSR 330 annotations, so that future portability - if required - isn't an issue. In order to ensure a smooth migration from Plexus to Guice, a bridge layer will be built using Guice. Guice was the only container they tested that was up to the task of facilitating a bridge from Plexus, which made the ultimate choice easy.
Guice provides other compelling features as well: peaberry support (peaberry is an extension module on top of Guice that supports resolution and injection of dynamic OSGi-based services), type safety, and useful error messages. While some of these are not unique to Guice, they do make it a compelling alternative. The Maven team has still had to support a patched version of Guice to meet their requirements. Most of these, says van Zyl, are being contributed back or made available. The ones that haven't yet been contributed are either insignificant or are still being tested and verified.
Initial work on integrating Guice is already afoot on other projects (like the popular Nexus server, Tycho, etc.), and will flow through the various Sonatype projects before it ultimately makes its way into Maven itself.
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But not immediately
Brett Porter
While Sonatype seem to be moving their products over to Guice now, changes are not on the Maven development roadmap for 3.0 at all. Consider the response at the top of this: markmail.org/message/4w46ioimp4vrssx3.
While it's likely the direction we'll take, work on 3.1 is not going to happen until 3.0 is done. I look forward to seeing Guice in place, but the amount of work and testing it is going to require for existing plugins is not insignificant, and we need to ship the existing improvements.
Likewise, Maven 3.0 will not contain support for other POM formats out of the box at this stage, and other languages are unlikely to make it into the core distribution - the work you describe is another external project.
Re: But not immediately
Josh Long
Maven 3 looks very interesting, though I - as a developer - was certainly looking forward to having a much Guicier, approachable plug-in API, too! :-)
Title and content not quite accurate ...
Jason van Zyl
The support for different POM formats and DSLs is part of the Sonatype project we're calling Polyglot Maven which you can find here:
The use of Guice within Sonatype's own open source and commercial projects is working faster then we expected. It's an integration we work on daily, so if it happens to accelerate even faster there is a small chance it may make it into Maven 3.0. Stuart McCulloch, who is responsible for the integration, works very quickly! :-)
Sonatype primarily cares about the compatibility, stability, and the performance of Maven 3.0 and that's what we've been focusing on. We can tell immediately whether a change causes problems and if we can make some of the last few changes in the Guice integration in time then it might be something we can do. For the change flows through a chain of tools that also have to work. For us that's M2Eclipse (m2eclipse.sonatype.org), Tycho (tycho.sonatype.org), and Nexus (nexus.sonatype.org). When those all work then it's pretty much a go for us on the Maven side.
Jason van Zyl
Re: Title and content not quite accurate ...
Slobojan Ryan
Thanks for the clarifications - we've updated the article above based on your comments.
Ryan Slobojan
Chief Editor, InfoQ.com


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Rent this Opel Astra New Medium class when you are in Craiova- If you're onto this page, it means that you're pretty close to making your final decision as to the rental car you'd like to book. Before that though, just make sure that you've selected the right rental period so that you can visualise the correct rate. Below are our vehicles available for hire, add now your favorite car and compare different models and choose the car you like.
Book this Opel now
Opel Astra New manual - ID 1216
- Manual
- Gasoline
- 5 Passengers
- 5 Doors
- x 4
- Car Features
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Price from
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Opel Astra New automatic - ID 1217
- Automatic
- Gasoline
- 5 Passengers
- 5 Doors
- x 4
- Car Features
- Air Bags
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Price from
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By selecting your car rental period you will receive the lowest car rental rates online with up to 30% discount!
This Opel Astra New is offered for rent/hire in Craiova.
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- Included in price
- Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) Covers the rental vehicle in the event of accidental damage to the rental vehicle other than by theft or attempted theft.
- Theft Damage Waiver (THW) Theft Damage Waiver provides coverage for the theft towards your rented car, provided by an official statement document obtained from the official authorities.
- Third party liability (TPL) Third Party car Insurance covers you for damage caused by your car to a car owned by a third party in the event of an accident.
- VAT Value Added Tax is a tax on the estimated market value added to a product material or service at each stage of its manufacture or distribution. The value of tax in Romania is 19% applied to the price of product or service.
- Not included in price
- Additional driver Additional drivers will be anyone other than yourself, who will drive your rental car. Even if you rent a car, but never drive it, you are automatically considered the primary operator of the rental vehicle. Anyone else who drives your rental must be approved by the rental company. They must complete and sign a form at the rental counter.
- Fuel Usually the company offers you the car with a full tank of fuel. The client has to return the motor vehicle when the period of contract ends with full fuel tank (otherwise the Client shall pay the quantity of fuel at the price of 1,5 euro per liter).
Our popular car hire locations: From this page you can easily choose where you're interested in renting a car. EuroCars has cars to rent in almost every major location in Romania so if you need to drop the car off in a different rental location, it will be done. Whether you are picking your hire car up in Iasi, Bucharest, Suceava, Arad, Timisoara, Brasov, Bacau, Targu Mures, Piatra Neamt, Sibiu or Constanta, notify us of where you'd like to leave the car (preferably when you submit your reservation request) so that we can help you make plans accordingly.
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If you rent a car in Craiova, you can get around and make the most of your Romanian experience.
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Craiova, Castra Nova during the Roman rule, has a cultural and historical significance for Romanians. It is the place where Mihai Viteazu, the one to unite the Romanian principalities for the first time in 1600, served as a military governor. It's here that the famous sculptor Nicolae Brancusi studied and where the inventor of the first catridge fountain pen lived, Petrache Poienari. For places to visit we can recommend just a few such as: the Craiova Art Museum, where you can admire some of Brancusi's works, the Horezu Monastery & Horezu Pottery Centre and Curtea de Arges, where Romania' first kings and queens are buried.
Whether you are in Craiova, Romania for your holiday or your business trip, browse through our website to view our car rental offers and get in touch with EuroCars Craiova to hire a car. Apart from regular rent a car services, we can also offer our clients several services that will allow them to enjoy the scenery or rest in a comfortable atmosphere. One of them is the airport transfer and it is meant to help you get from the airport to the hotel you are staying or to a city/town outside of Craiova. You can choose to do just one way or a round trip. Our Customer Service operators are here to offer you more details.
Car Rental Craiova with driver & Airport delivery
EuroCars Craiova also offers you the chance to see where you can get a place to stay in while in Craiova. By following the link More on Craiova you can see what Romanians do for fun in Craiova, what are the most popular places to go to for a chat with your friends over a cup of coffee or what are the greatest museums to visit to enhance your knowledge of Romanian culture and civilization.
Hotels in Craiova
For small or large groups of passengers, EuroCars Craiova has thought of a way to help its clients get around the country at their leisure. We rent minibus with a driver in Craiova for airport transfers (one way or round trip), intercity transfers (one way or round trip) or for tours with a fixed schedule.


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Some federal workers sent home because of the government shutdown have been told to turn off their government-issued Androids, BlackBerrys and iPhones.
A presidential memorandum on implementing "orderly shutdown procedures" warns against furloughed employees doing work outside the office, including by using mobile devices or remote connections. The memo gives agencies some leeway, saying some could have employees turn in their agency-issued devices, but "others may determine that circumstances warrant a different approach." Some agencies, such as the State Department have told furloughed employees to turn off their agency devices.
But Good Technology, which manages mobile device security for many federal agencies, warns that powering down devices could result in lost data. "People may not realize that, as part of their mobile device management plan, there are security practices that will wipe out a phone if it does not connect to its network for a certain amount of time," said Jeffrey Ait, Good Technology's public-sector director. "Normally after a reasonable amount of time, say after seven days, if a phone has not connected back with mom, we assume that it's been lost or stolen."
As a security precaution, phones managed by Good Technology, and many other mobile device management providers, can be set to wipe themselves if they are left powered off for days at a time. This is done to protect government data that might be sitting on the device in the event that it's lost or stolen. But a shutdown scenario probably wasn't considered.
The wipe command and timer is housed on the phone, but can be modified by administrators back at the office, assuming they are considered essential employees and can work to make the changes during the shutdown. However, a powered-down phone still won't get that update and would still wipe itself out after the connection time has expired.
"Most of the data that will be lost is probably just a copy of what is on the Exchange server, but not always," Ait said. "It's something that users may not have thought about, which could become a problem if the shutdown lasts for a while."
Ait said the easiest way to avoid getting a phone wiped out would simply be to turn it on from time to time during the shutdown so that it can connect back to the host network and do its check-in. Also, if administrators have suspended the check-in requirement or lengthened it, the phone would then be updated with the new profile. Whether this breaks the no-work rule is an open question, but it's something that mobile users and their administrators probably need to consider.
Posted by John Breeden II on Oct 02, 2013 at 2:13 PM
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What the government seems unable to understand is that wholesale contemptuous surveillance will drive the introduction of less traceable technologies. This has already happened with the internet, phones and internet are merging and the same will happen with phones.
The end result of ignoring the privacy of citizens will be the inability to track criminals and terrorists which is the last thing we want. All they will be able to trace is completely innocuous calls, everything of potential interest will be hidden.
We are not there, but this is what will happen.... Great
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Robert Downey Jr. faced technology trouble for Gravity
- Bang Showbiz
- 21 February 2014
Robert Downey Jr. stepped down from 'Gravity' after the technology used in the space odyssey didn't suit him, says director Alfonso Cuaron
Robert Downey Jr. struggled with the technological demands needed for 'Gravity'.
The 48-year-old actor was initially cast in the award-winning space odyssey - which stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney - but had to step down after he didn't have the space needed to "breathe" and "improvise".
Director Alfonso Cuaron told The Hollywood Reporter: "It became very clear that, as we started to nail the technology, or narrow the technology, that was going to be a big obstacle for his performance.
"I think Robert is fantastic if you give him the freedom to completely breathe and improvise and change stuff. [But] we tried one of these technologies and it was not compatible. And, after that, we [had a] week that we pretended as if nothing was happening and then we talked and said, 'This is not going to work. This is tough.'"
It was not until Warner Bros. gave the film the go-ahead that Cuaron began casting talks.
He added: "It was not until some elements came into place that we could responsibly go to the studio and say, 'We can set a start date.
"Then you can do offers, and that is when we went after Sandra [Bullock] and George [Clooney]."
'Gravity' has 10 nominations at the 86th Academy Awards nominees including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actress and the film was also awarded six BAFTA Awards, including Outstanding British Film and Best Director.


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text: As winter approaches many motorists will be considering investing in a four-wheel-drive vehicle which, when combined with cold-weather tyres, is the best way of tackling snowy and icy conditions on the road. But what models are people searching for? Autotrader.co.uk has rounded up the 10 most searched for used 4x4s on its website in September. Click through this gallery to see the 10 most popular used 4x4s on Autotrader.co.uk


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All of the Brahma Kumaris centres offer courses in meditation and spiritual knowledge, as well as seminars and special events facilitating self development and personal change. All courses, seminar and workshops are offered to the public free of charge, as a community service.
The Foundation Course in Meditation, described below, is available at every Brahma Kumaris centre on a regular basis. The other courses are offered from time to time. For information as to what is available in your area, contact a location near you.
The Foundation Course in Raja Yoga Meditation
At the heart of the University's teachings is The Foundation Course in Raja Yoga Meditation. This course provides a logical and practical understanding of the relationship between spirit and matter, as well as an understanding of the interplay between souls, God and the material world. The series of classes in this course will facilitate your inward journey in an efficient and effective way.
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Positive Thinking Course
If you are not sure that you're ready for meditation but would like to understand your mind better, gain greater clarity and learn how to manage your thoughts, the Positive Thinking Course is for you.
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Stress getting to you? Everyone experiences difficult periods in their lives when deadlines, family worries, financial pressures and or turbulent relationships take their toll on our sense of mental and physical well–being. Calm down and learn to relax through a Stress Free Living Seminar.
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