text:
Republicans the party of LIARS
Posted in the Denver Forum
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#2 Dec 28, 2011
Republicans don't believe in history. How could they? To them, everything bad about the country happened on the little over three year watch of Obama. Nothing bad happened before that, during the eight years of Bush. There was no previous history before Obama. Whatever Bush did wrong, it wasn't wrong, or it didn't happen. The American people, who gave Bush a 19 percent approval rating, knew better.
"Dancing Madly Backwards "
Since: Apr 11
#3 Dec 28, 2011
Trust me .The Self spoon fed Democrats will ruin Colorado just like they ruined California. Haven't you noticed all the people leaving California and moving to Colorado.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#4 Dec 28, 2011
Believe me brother I'm not a "spoon fed democrat" and I have lived in Denver Colorado for many years and I have seen the influx of Californian's and Texan's for way too long.
Keep your trash at home we don't want or need them.
But we are a free country, and I guess if I lived in squalor due to Republican leadership I would be moving to a state run by a Democratically run majority myself.
"Got Fangs"
Since: Sep 11
#6 Dec 29, 2011
Its funny all these political threads started by Karl are all bashing republicans and independents. Why dont you start threads about how great your leader is instead. How come you dont say one word about his achievements that benefit America. Oh yea. There isnt any. Lets elect somebody with some experience and backbone this time. I hear obama is so desperate he is thinking about asking Hillery to run as his vice president. Im sure Hillery is smarter than that. She would make a much better president then obama.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#7 Dec 29, 2011
Here is ten for ya' don't worry there are 100's more...
1. Ordered all federal agencies to undertake a study and make recommendations for ways to cut spending
2. Ordered a review of all federal operations to identify and cut wasteful spending and practices
3. Instituted enforcement for equal pay for women
4. withdrawal of the US troops from Iraq
5. Families of fallen soldiers have expenses covered to be on hand when the body arrives at Dover AFB
6 Ended media blackout on war casualties; reporting full information
7. Ended media blackout on covering the return of fallen soldiers to Dover AFB; the media is now permitted to do so pending adherence to respectful rules and approval of fallen soldiers family
8. The White House and federal government are respecting the Freedom of Information Act
9. Instructed all federal agencies to promote openness and transparency as much as possible
10. Limits on lobbyists access to the White House
"Its Eaiser to fool people than"
Since: Sep 11
convince them they are a fool
#8 Dec 29, 2011
Bogus fluff expected of anyone in office. You cant call any of this" Achievements". What about lifting the tax burdens on big business so they move back to America ? Show me the overwhelming support from him to do the pipeline. Show me Americans doing off shore drilling....He is blocking progress and you come up with some petty diversions. Number two cracks me up...CUT WASTEFUL SPENDING WOULD MEAN NOT SPENDING 4 MILLION GOLFING IN HAWAII. Whats that ? You say unemployment went back up..Jeezeus..only 381,000 people filed for unemployment this week..Boy that is good. You do know that doesn't reflect those already out of funds or the ones who didn't pay in to unemployment insurance like subcontractors? You do take that in to account don't you..? I could tear each one of your list apart karl..But Im tired of you so Ill probably just ignore you today. Im kinda tired of fighting for now..It doesn't mean I wont though. See ya..wouldn't want to.....well you know.. Hey thanks for the home page..Ill have to tell my friends.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#9 Dec 29, 2011
11. Limits on White House aides working for lobbyists after their tenure in the administration
12. Ended the previous stop-loss policy that kept soldiers in Iraq/Afghanistan longer than their enlistment date
13. Phasing out the expensive F-22 war plane and other outdated weapons systems, which werent even used or needed in Iraq/Afghanistan
14. Removed restrictions on embryonic stem-cell research
15. Federal support for stem-cell and new biomedical research
16. New federal funding for science and research labs
17. States are permitted to enact federal fuel efficiency standards above federal standards
18. Increased infrastructure spending (roads, bridges, power plants) after years of neglect
19. Funds for high-speed, broadband Internet access to K-12 schools
20. New funds for school construction
Since: Oct 11
Location hidden
#10 Jan 1, 2012
Is there a party that DOESN'T lie? IF there is please show me the way!
Since: Oct 11
Location hidden
#11 Jan 1, 2012
no party system..how bout it?
Since: Oct 11
Location hidden
#12 Jan 1, 2012
I have a great idea, how about a POSITIVE party? None bashing and focused on what they will do instead of what others have not done or who they screwed.
"Invisible Pink Unicorn"
Since: May 08
Location hidden
#13 Jan 1, 2012
Got my vote.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#14 Jan 1, 2012
Very interesting here in Colorado most politicians do run positive campaigns and do very well with the turn out and reaction from the public.
It is sad but negativity for some reason does resonate with the majority of America and it works. Like I said it is sad.
Since: Oct 11
Location hidden
#15 Jan 1, 2012
I agree. It is very sad. It does seem that we are a nation with many people who thrive on watching others 'dirty laundry' like a flag in the breeze. reality TV drama, news stand gossip, holly wood garbage about who sleeps with who.And look at all the attention a hollywood star gets when she wears a white dress to court! How many service men died that day and the tv time spent on that, could had been spent on at least a mention of the services mens names and honoring them. It's unfortunate that so many support the negative campaign. I hope our country changes before we loose our stars and stripes and fly a dirty T-Shirt instead.
"Its Eaiser to fool people than"
Since: Sep 11
convince them they are a fool
#16 Jan 1, 2012
Your comment is quite amusing considering you use inflammatory bashing in almost all your comments..and it works against you..Happy new year karl.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#17 Jan 1, 2012
I'm not a politician and sometimes people who also are not politicians don't understand unless you use their logic and reasoning.
And a Happy New Year to you as well Sniper
#18 Jan 1, 2012
I don't like either party but since your bragging about Obama lets take a look at some of the nice things he has done.
1. Stop loss was only implemented for 4 years and was stopped long before Obama was even elected, how do I know ?, I'm retired military and was in the military during this time.
2. Stem Cell research is outdated technology and a waste of money, most research that has been successful has been done by the use of computer modeling and Cell manufacturing.
3. Infrastructure building has been all but unsuccessful, you can not build , destroy and rebuild over and over again and achieve anything and once these jobs are completed the worked are again unemployed.
4. The F-22, BTW was not stopped because of Obama, it was stopped because the USAF did not even want it to start with and refused to spend any more money on the project, and Obama signed to stop it under pressure from the USAF that wanted another ACFT that had more capabilities and cost less to maintain, Yes I worked on the F-22 for several years and none of us even wanted it.
5. Every Research lab with the exception of 1 was forced to close because they abused their funding and Obama wasted 10 billion and got nothing for his investment.
6. Schools have been abusing School construction, most have used these funds to waste on projects that are not benefiting students.
7. Since Obama has been elected we have killed more innocent people in wars in three years than the Liberal Bush did in 8 years.
8 Since Obama has been President he has sent over 200,000 illegal Guns to Mexican cartels just to make a point that Guns should be banned, even though his point has caused the deaths of over 200 Mexicans and 6 Americans.
9. Obama, in three years has spent more money than every president, combined in US history to include all Wars and adjusted for inflation, when Obama took office we were 6 trillion on debt, we are now just reaching over 14 trillion in debt and it is estimated that if he wins another 4 years, we will hit a total of 20 trillion which means if we confiscated the money of every millionaire, billionaire and trillionare in the World we would have only paid down 15 % of our debt.
10 Obama has expanded the policy of nation building world wide to a larger scale than even the Commie Bush did, since Obama has taken office we have provided weapons and have done illegal bombing missions on libia and low level strikes on Syria and have threatened Iran, Pakistan, Uganda and he is slowly Forcing USA into other nations business and violating nation sovereignty.
11. He has just signed and passed a bill that allows for anyone the president deems as a threat thats a US citizen can be arrested and held indefinitely in prison with out a trial and that he can assassinate any American on any battlefield, to include the USA which the Bill claims is part of the Battlefield.
I could go on and on, but the truth is if Obama took a tank and a Nuclear missile and killed thousands of Americans just for the fun of it, you would still support him.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#19 Jan 1, 2012
30. The missile defense program is being cut by $1.4 billion in 2010
31. Restarted the nuclear nonproliferation talks and building back up the nuclear inspection infrastructure/protocols
32. Reengaged in the treaties/agreements to protect the Antarctic
33. Reengaged in the agreements/talks on global warming and greenhouse gas emissions
34. Visited more countries and met with more world leaders than any president in his first six months in office
35. Successful release of US captain held bySomali pirates; authorized the SEALS to do their job
36. US Navy increasing patrols off Somali coast
37. Attractive tax write-offs for those who buy hybrid automobiles
38. Cash for clunkers program offers vouchers to trade in fuel inefficient, polluting old cars for new cars; stimulated auto sales
39. Announced plans to purchase fuel efficient American-made fleet for the federal government
40. Expanded the SCHIP program to cover health care for 4 million more children
41. Signed national service legislation; expandednational youth service program
42. Instituted a new policy on Cuba, allowing Cuban families to return home to visit loved ones
43. Ended the previous policy of not regulating and labeling carbon dioxide emissions
44. Expanding vaccination programs
45. Immediate and efficient response to the floods in North Dakota and other natural disasters
"Its Eaiser to fool people than"
Since: Sep 11
convince them they are a fool
#20 Jan 1, 2012
Good post thanks for your input.
Level 4
Since: Sep 09
Denver, Co
#21 Jan 1, 2012
Here are a few more of President Obama's accomplishments so far. Don't worry there are plenty more!
46. Closed offshore tax safe havens
47. Negotiated deal with Swiss banks to permit US government to gain access to records of tax evaders and criminals
48. Ended the previous policy of offering tax benefits to corporations who outsource American jobs; the new policy is to promote in-sourcing to bring jobs back
49.. Ended the previous practice of protecting credit card companies; in place of it are new consumer protections from credit card industrys predatory practices
50. Energy producing plants must begin preparing to produce 15% of their energy from renewable sources
51. Lower drug costs for seniors
52. Ended the previous practice of forbidding Medicare from negotiating with drug manufacturers for cheaper drugs; the federal government is now realizing hundreds of millions in savings
53. Increasing pay and benefits for military personnel
54. Improved housing for military personnel
55. Initiating a new policy to promote federal hiring of military spouses
56. Improved conditions at Walter Reed Military Hospital and other military hospitals
57 Increasing student loans
58. Increasing opportunities in AmeriCorps program
59. Sent envoys to Middle East and other parts of the world that had been neglected for years; reengaging in multilateral and bilateral talks and diplomacy
60. Established a new cyber security office
61. Beginning the process of reforming and restructuring the military 20 years after the Cold War to a more modern fighting force; this includes new procurement policies, increasing size of military, new technology and cyber units and operations, etc.
62. Ended previous policy of awarding no-bid defense contracts
63. Ordered a review of hurricane and natural disaster preparedness
64. Established a National Performance Officer charged with saving the federal government money and making federal operations more efficient
65. Students struggling to make college loan payments can have their loans refinanced
Since: Oct 11
Location hidden
#22 Jan 1, 2012
good points!
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Inquiries regarding admission to the School of Engineering
and Applied Science should be addressed to the Dean of Admissions, University
of Virginia, P.O. Box 400160, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4160 or by e-mail at
The first and second years of study at the engineering school
are spent garnering a solid background in the sciences and mathematics. The
student takes courses in chemistry, physics, computer programming, mathematics,
and various courses in engineering science, as well as social science and humanities
During the first year, students declare a major in one of ten
programs in engineering or applied science. The last three years are spent specializing
in a chosen area and taking further courses in the general field of engineering.
Successful graduates can expect a wide range of career opportunities in engineering,
business, law, and medicine.
In the event a particular major is oversubscribed, admission
may be limited. Admission to such programs is based on space availability, academic
performance, a personal essay, and extra-curricular activities. At present,
systems engineering, biomedical engineering, computer engineering, and computer
science are limited-admission programs.
Bachelors-Masters Program Outstanding students
may be admitted to the combined Bachelors-Masters Program at the
end of their third year. After admission, students take a mixture of graduate
and undergraduate courses and work on a sponsored research project in the summer
and academic year. This program encourages the best and brightest students to
enter into research in the various engineering and applied science fields.
Graduate Degrees are offered in all of the schools
areas of specialization. For information on these programs and inquiries regarding
admission, contact the Office of Graduate Programs, School of Engineering and
Applied Science, P.O. Box 400242, Charlottesville, VA 22904-0242.
Admission As a Special Student In certain circumstances,
individuals may be permitted to enroll in a maximum of two School of Engineering
and Applied Science courses through Continuing Education.
Special students who wish to become degree candidates must
apply through the University Office of Admission for undergraduate admission
or through the School of Engineering and Applied Science for graduate admission.
Advisory System Faculty members and upper class students
in the School of Engineering and Applied Science aid entering students in the
transition to college life and in furthering their academic and career interests.
Each first-year student consults with his or her faculty advisor about course
and major selection, and other academic requirements.
Toward the end of the second semester, the student selects
a major field of engineering and is then assigned an advisor in the department
administering the degree program. The departmental advisor helps the student
plan a curriculum and serves as a counselor for other academic matters and career
Each student is expected to complete the undergraduate program
in eight semesters (plus summers, if necessary). Exceptions may be made in certain
Normal progress toward graduation consists of taking a minimum
of 15 credits each semester and maintaining a cumulative grade point average
of 2.000 or better. The minimum (15 credits) may not be satisfied with courses
taken on a credit/no credit basis.
Academic Probation First-year students who receive a
semester grade point average below 1.800 are placed on academic probation. Other
students who receive a semester grade point average below 2.000 are placed on
academic probation. Students who fail a required course twice are placed on
academic probation.
Academic Suspension Students who have previously been
on academic probation are suspended from the University following any semester
in which both their current and cumulative GPA is below 2.000 (1.800 for first-year
students). Students who fail a required course they have failed at least twice
before are suspended from the University.
Application for readmission from suspension must be made by
letter addressed to the assistant dean for undergraduate programs. In this letter
the student should describe briefly his or her activities since suspension and
his or her future academic goals. Academic credits taken elsewhere while on
academic suspension are not accepted for transfer towards a UVa degree.
The term of the first suspension is one year. A second suspension
is final and the student is not allowed to return.
Appeal of Academic Regulations In circumstances not
covered by specific regulations, or in difficulties that cannot be resolved
by the dean or the instructor concerned, a student has the right to petition
the Committee on Rules and Courses for redress of his or her grievance. The
action by the committee on the petition is final inasmuch as it acts for the
full faculty in these matters.
The petition must be signed and dated by the student and submitted to the Office
of the Assistant Dean for undergraduate programs. The petition must contain:
The petitioner will be notified by letter of the action taken
by the Committee on Rules and Courses.
Normal The normal undergraduate course load is 15-18
graded credits, unless the student is on probation, in which case a course load
of 12 to 15 credits is recommended. Any program of study requires the advisors
Overload An overload of 19 or 20 credits may be approved
by a faculty advisor for a student who has achieved a grade point average of
3.000 or higher.
A proposed overload amounting to 21 or more credits must also
be reviewed and approved by the Office of the Dean. Demonstrated superior academic
performance and clear career planning will be the major criteria for approval,
including a grade point average of 3.600 or higher.
Underload A semester load of fewer than 15 credits (not
counting CR/NC courses) must be approved by the advisor and the deans
Attendance Regular attendance in classes is a vital
part of the educational process. At the University of Virginia, each student
is expected to attend all lectures, laboratories, quizzes, and practical exercises,
subject to absence penalties specified by the instructor.
Absences traditionally excused are those that occur because
of illness or death in a students family, important religious holidays,
or authorized University activities, such as field trips or University sponsored
Students who anticipate absence for cause should obtain permission
from the instructor in advance of the absence; unforeseen absences resulting
from sickness or other circumstances considered to be emergencies may be excused
by the instructor, and arrangements may be made with the instructor to complete
the assignments missed.
Engineering and Applied Science students taking courses in
the College or other schools of the University are governed by the attendance
regulations of the instructor in that division; unexcused absences from such
courses are subject to the penalties prescribed.
Credit/No Credit Grades Students have the option of
receiving the grades CR (credit) or NC (no credit) in place of the regular grades,
A through F. This option may be selected when students register for courses.
Instructors have the right to deny students permission to take courses on a
CR/NC basis. If this occurs, students may change back to the regular grading
option or drop the courses entirely. Courses taken for CR/NC may not be used
for any major or degree requirements. Only courses that are not part of the
degree program may be taken CR/NC. The deadline for selecting the CR/NC option
is the same as the drop deadline.
Dropping a Course With the approval of the students
advisor, a student may drop and void registration in a course any time up to
the official drop date, unless such action reduces the number of graded credits
for which the student is registered to fewer than 15. Permission to take less
than 15 credits a semester must be obtained from the Office of the Dean.
Withdrawing from a Course After the drop date, a student
must petition the Office of the Dean to withdraw from a course. Students will
be granted one withdrawal for personal reasons. Subsequent requests to withdraw
will be granted only when there are extenuating circumstances beyond a students
control. A student who is permitted to withdraw from a particular course will
receive a W for the course. Petitions must be signed by the course instructor
and faculty advisor, and approved by the Office of the Dean.
Extension of a Course After the withdrawal date (two
weeks before the end of the semester), a student can no longer withdraw from
a course. If there are extenuating circumstances, and if it is feasible, a student
may petition for a course extension. If approved, all work must be completed
by the end of the next academic term and preferably before the start of the
next term. Feasibility is determined after a review of the outstanding work,
the availability of the instructor, the accessibility of laboratory facilities,
and other practical considerations.
Enforced Withdrawal From a Course With the approval
of the dean, faculty may impose enforced withdrawal with a grade of F as a penalty
for habitual delinquency in class, habitual idleness, or any other fault that
prevents the student from fulfilling the purposes implied by registration in
the University.
Enforced withdrawal may also be imposed for failure to take
the physical examination required of all entering students, or for failure to
obtain medical leave or medical withdrawal from the Department of Student Health
in the case of repeated or prolonged absence from class as a result of illness.
Laboratory Courses To register for or attend any laboratory
course, a student must be registered or have credit for the associated lecture
course. If the associated courses are taken concurrently and the lecture course
is dropped, the laboratory course may be continued for credit only with permission
of the laboratory instructor or the dean.
Completion of Prerequisite Courses The sequences of
required courses leading to various engineering degrees are carefully arranged
to ensure that a student who enters any course may be expected to receive maximum
benefit from the course. A student who failed a course may not normally enroll
for any course that lists the failed course as a prerequisite before satisfactorily
completing that course. Under unusual circumstances, exceptions may be made.
Exceptions require written permission from the instructor of the failed course,
all instructors of the subsequent course, and approval by the dean.
Repeating Courses A student who has received D grades
in fundamental courses may be required to repeat those courses as his or her
departmental faculty may direct. A course in the School of Engineering and Applied
Science passed with a grade of D may be repeated once. Courses passed with higher
grades are not normally open to a students repeated registration. Both
grades for a repeated course are used in the computation for the grade point
Graduate Courses Undergraduates may be granted permission
to take 600-level series courses in the School of Engineering and Applied Science.
Qualifications include fourth-year standing and a cumulative grade point average
of at least 3.200. 500-level courses are open to all fourth-year undergraduates.
Required Courses Courses specified in each degree curriculum
are required, and changes or substitution are not ordinarily permitted. Any
student who either drops or fails a required course must register anew for that
specific course (or for its successor in case the original is no longer offered)
and repeat the content in its entirety.
General Education Program Each undergraduate student
must complete a program of studies in the humanities or social sciences that
reflects a rationale or fulfills an objective. This program, equivalent to at
least one half year of study, is fulfilled in part by taking courses offered
through the Department of Science, Technology, and Society, and in part through
HSS electives selected from a list of approved humanities and social science
Elective Courses The curricula include elective courses
designed either as "humanities/social science (HSS) elective," "technical elective,"
or "unrestricted elective."
Students are expected to consult with their advisor to arrive
at an acceptable overall program of electives. All electives should be chosen
to meet an objective rather than at random. This program, signed by the department
head or advisor, must be filed in the deans office.
Absence From Examinations Unexcused absence from an
examination incurs an automatic failure in the course with a grade of F. Absence
from a final examination for any course offered in the School of Engineering
and Applied Science may be excused only by the dean, and then only when accompanied
by evidence of arrangement with the instructor for a deferred examination, to
be taken within ten days after the regular examination. An emergency that justifies
extension of this period will be considered only when supported by satisfactory
documentation submitted immediately after the period of emergency. After the
ten day period, or its extension if granted by the dean, the temporary grade
of IN (incomplete) will officially become a grade of F unless the deferred examination
has been completed. Absences are excused only for sickness on the day of the
examination or for other providential cause acceptable to the dean. An excused
absence may be absolved by taking a special examination at a time mutually satisfactory
to the instructor and the student concerned. Special examinations are not granted
for reasons other than those stated above.
Degree Requirements To qualify for a baccalaureate degree,
a student must have received credit for all required and elective courses included
in their program. In addition, the student must have maintained a cumulative
grade point average of at least 2.000. Students must complete degree applications
in September of their final year.
Regular programs leading to the various degrees are detailed
under the departmental listings. The student should become familiar with the
requirements of his or her chosen area of study. Students are expected to declare
a major area of study at the end of the second semester but may change majors
at a later date.
Course Enrollment Except for students in extended programs
or for special arrangements approved by the dean, each student in the School
of Engineering and Applied Science must enroll for all courses required by the
curriculum of the department in which he or she is enrolled. Substitutions of
courses completed elsewhere by students entering with advanced standing must
be approved by the dean (in consultation with the departmental faculty concerned
when necessary).
Students making normal progress toward their degree may graduate
under the curriculum in force at the time they entered the school. However,
because curricula change to keep pace with evolving technologies and new disciplines,
students may be required to substitute courses that the faculty designate as
Each student is responsible for the selection of his or her
own program, the fulfillment of prerequisites, and the scheduling of all courses
required by his or her curriculum. The dean and faculty will assist, but the
duty of enrolling in and completing the full degree requirements rests primarily
with the student.
Accuracy of Students Records It is the students
responsibility to check the accuracy of his or her enrollment records each semester
and to call any error to the attention of the instructor and assistant dean
for undergraduate programs. After one semester has lapsed, the students
record is considered permanent.
Residence Requirements A recipient of a degree in engineering
or applied science must have been in residence for two academic years in this
University, and registered in the School of Engineering and Applied Science
during the semester in which he or she receives a degree.
ROTC Programs The regular curricula can be supplemented
to include Air, Military, or Naval Science courses. Depending on the ROTC branch
and degree program, such a curriculum may take more than eight semesters to
Minors The School of Engineering and Applied Science
offers minors in aerospace engineering; applied mathematics; biomedical engineering;
chemical engineering; applied mathematics; civil engineering; computer science;
electrical engineering; engineering business; environmental engineering; materials
science and engineering; mechanical engineering; structural engineering; systems
engineering; transportation engineering; the history of science and technology;
technology management and policy; and technology and the environment. Minors
in these areas, or in areas offered by other academic units of the University,
are not required for any of the SEAS degree programs.
Major/Minor in the College SEAS students may earn a
major or a minor in the College of Arts and Sciences. Prior admission must be
obtained from the chair or director of undergraduate programs of the College
or department in which a student is seeking the major or minor.
In pursuing the above, students will not receive two degrees
from the University. They receive a B.S. from SEAS and a major (or minor) appearing
as degree information on the official transcript.
Students are responsible for completing the major or minor
form (available in the College departments) and for obtaining the signature
of the chair or director of the undergraduate programs. Forms are submitted
to the SEAS Undergraduate Office, which monitors the satisfactory completion
of requirements.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Strategies for Excellence: Law as a Profession 2001
A Program for Second Year Students
Wednesday, February 7, 2001
Strategies for Excellence: Law as a Profession 2001 is a graduation requirement for all second-year students. The law school created the program in 1995 in response to the call for law schools to provide professionalism training. Since then, practitioners have volunteered to share their time and expertise with students on how to hit the ground running as new law school graduates. During the program, practicing attorneys provide detailed information about law as a profession, share insight into employer expectations, and discuss how to enhance the skills you've already acquired in the workplace to maximize your career success. The American Bar Association has recognized Chicago-Kent as a national leader in the area of professionalism by awarding us the prestigious E. Smythe Gambrell Professionalism Award in 1997.
Please keep in mind that the program does not focus on job search strategies or specific practice areas, as the Career Services Office offers a variety of job search and practice specific programs throughout the academic year.
All 2L day and evening students, as well as any 3L & 4L students who have yet to attend, must register for the program. Students can register in one of two ways:
Program Goals and Objectives
Strategies for Excellence: Law as a Profession 2001 will be offered twice on February 7th, once for day students and again for the evening division. Classes for the rest of the student body will be canceled that day.
We are very excited about the caliber of speakers who have graciously volunteered their time to speak to students at Strategies for Excellence: Law as a Profession 2001. This is a chance to meet and impress legal employers from the Chicagoland area. Therefore, professional attire is required. Keep your eyes on this section during the next 2 months for a list of panel & breakout session speakers, as well as keynote and distinguished speakers.
If you have questions about Strategies for
Excellence: Law as a Profession 2001, please e-mail email@example.com.


text:
Walgreen's Ad Deals & Store Coupons & Matchups. View this week's Walgreen's Ad Scan.
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text:
Tony Leon needed a new other design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 59 designs submitted by 19 freelance designers.
We are a new IT team, in charge of technical components and solutions for services and stores of the company. We need a graphic identity to promote our valors and trade mark (a logo, an icon, graphic header for a website and templates for business paper work : Power Point, Word).
All include in
our brand name :International; Integration; IT :
Information Technology;
Components; Catalog; Customers;
Technic; Talent;
technology; Human;
Expert; Experience; Energy
File Formats
Web Formats (.jpg, .gif or .png); Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai); Layered
Formats (.psd or .tiff)
- TaglineTechnical Components Department
- ColorsSomething like
Grey and blue, something metalic? but feel free to propose something else.
- Desired
high tech, sober
- a logo (with name and tagline)- icons (60x60) with just the name- graphic images/headers for website (an horizontal & a vertical
one)- graphic header
for a website - templates for
business paper work : Power Point, Word
- Another color in background.
- Old style feeling.


text:
Photographer's Note
During my journey through the Mekong delta in 2008 I spent a couple of days in the large city of Can Tho (Vietnam's fourth largest at 1,2 million inhabitants).
One of those days I made a long tour of some of the branches of the Mekong, passing through the large Cai Rang floating market, among other places.
Cai Rang, stretching for hundreds of metres, was mainly a meeting-place for larger boats delivering fruits and vegetables straight from the farms and plantations to local small-scale entrepreneurs, who would then sell the products in villages along the river.
This photo shows a load of mangoes being transferred from a wholesale trader's boat to a local retailer.
Later we proceeded to a smaller and more intimate floating market a fairly long distance from Can Tho, after which we turned back towards the city through narrow, muddy creeks. The tide was getting low and we actually broke the propeller when hitting the bottom of the creek. Eventually we got back to Can Tho hours later than expected, going very slowly with only half of the propeller.
But all is well that ends well.
A larger version can be seen here.
I have added two more photos from Cai Rang as workshops.
Critiques | Translate
yquem46 (38752) 2013-11-28 10:06
hej Gert
A good daily life "street" shot from Vietnam !
Mild light and nice natural colors
Well composed
have a nice evening, best regards
serp2000 (47055) 2013-11-28 11:11
Hej, Gert,
I like this king size version. Very interesting story from a life of mango, we don't imagine all way of this fruit from jungle to supermarket. I also like your interesting report, good capture of daily life scene.
ourania (51103) 2013-11-28 11:18
Hello Gert,
A wonderful composition from an upwards point of view that gives us a thorough and interesting description of this scene. I like that the water rises close to the middle of the frame and that boat and people stand out against the sky. There's fantastic clarity and the textures are defined in a most natural way. All the colours have exquisite quality. I love both of the workshop pictures as well! Congratulations and thank you! I'm very glad and grateful for your wishes!
All the best, have a great evening,
Romano46 (18472) 2013-11-28 11:30
Ciao Gert
un'altra bella scena dal delta del Mekong con ricchezza di colori e dettagli assai ben definiti.
Anche in questa gioca a tuo favore la riprtesa fatta dalla barca che permette di entrare nella scena.
Ciao e buona serata
saxo042 (38026) 2013-11-28 12:09
Hej Gert,
Bra bilder alla tre! Den stora båten är ju inte speciellt vacker men den är väl byggd för att vara funktionell och inget annat. De gröna mangofrukterna ger en snygg färg i bilden.
En intressant berättelse också.
Fis2 (128645) 2013-11-28 13:11
Witaj Gert!
Interesting scene,
curious boat.
Good frame, colors and sharpness.
I like this daily life shot.
Good night
pajaran (81649) 2013-11-28 13:51
Dobro vece.
Interesantan tekst o mestu i trenutku ...
Dobar trenutak snimka i kontrast, lepe boje.
Dobar rad, lepo pokazan trenutak.
Lepa trgovina na reci.
Prijatno vece i lepa noc, sve najbolje.
Good evening.
An interesting article on the place and time ...
Good time recording and contrast, beautiful colors.
Good work, beautiful moment is shown.
Nice trade on the river.
Have a nice evening and night, all the best.
PaulVDV (43400) 2013-11-28 13:59
Hello Gert,
Excellent interesting daily life-shots of South Vietnam.
I think the altered image #1 shows us the most picturesque sight with the boat overloaded with fruit and with all people wearing the typical Vietnamese hat.
Daily life-pictures of South Vietnam seem to be more river or canal scenes than street scenes.
Best regards, Paul
Periko (7715) 2013-11-28 15:16
I like the boat, the POV and the scene.
dkmurphys (75938) 2013-11-28 20:43
Hi Gert,
Lovely dynamic market scene. The way of trade they have is quite original. Well taken, enjoy a good day ahead.
SnapRJW (31629) 2013-11-28 21:28
Hello Gert - In the large format this is really excellent; up close and personal and taken from a very good angle. Imagine buying fruit like this every day? Fresh and natural with no additives at all. A trio of fine DL shots. Warm regards Rosemary
Highmountains (2674) 2013-11-28 21:52
This is an excellent documentation of Trade along the river. The whole process of wholesaler to retailer has gone on since time immemorial.
The obvious of the wholesaler having the larger boat and more people in comparison the the smaller boat and more humbly clad persons is symbolic.
Thanks for sharing, Gert.
jhm (179402) 2013-11-29 5:06
Hello Gert,
We as westerns people have to every time look how these people can work on the rivers with all them products.
Excellent depth and perspective picture.
Colour and sharpness be superb.
Very well done, TFS.
Have a nice weekend,
Sergiom (107950) 2013-11-29 5:29
Bonjour Gert,
J'aime beaucoup cette scène de la vie quotidienne dans cette partie du monde ou les marchés se font en grande partie sur l'eau avec tous les inconvénients que cela peut apporter.
macjake (84909) 2013-11-29 6:25
Hi Gert
funny that you post this photo because Tosca and I were just talking yesterday about the strange and charming boats in Vietnam, and now we see one here.
I can't help but wonder why they are built the way they are, there must be a reason for it.
the 2 WS photos give us an even closer look at the strange boat, i really enjoy all 3 shots.
and its always interesting to see people transport or sell fruit on the water...this type of thing just doesn't happen here in North America,
cool shots
aleXundar (1256) 2013-11-29 7:12
Hello Gert,
An interesting documentation of trade in waters.
Very well observed and nicely taken shots... all very well-composed with beautiful colors.
Excellent series.
With best regards,
abmdsudi (73388) 2013-11-29 7:28
Hi Gert
An interesting and informative narration supported by very well observed, composed and exposed image with both depth and human interest throughout. The colors are just so right they add a bit of cheer and spot on focus, Well done, Congrats,
Best regards
rychem (58613) 2013-11-29 8:44
Nice photo of this "market" scene, interesting reportage photo documenting the life of people in Vietnam, nice POV and good light
regards Ryszard
Silvio1953 (176634) 2013-11-29 10:07
Ciao Gert, lovely daily life composition, nice scene, wonderful colors, excellent clarity and splendid light, very well done, my friend, ciao Silvio
zoomer (6) 2013-11-29 11:25
Hi,interesting and exotic daily life scene.Are those boats made of teak wood?I saw similar ones in Thailand years ago.All the best Wolf.
williewhistler (16606) 2013-11-29 11:44
Hello Gert,
I find the whole scene fascinating,there is a whole way of life that is carried on in the floating market along the Mekong and we catch a brief glimpse of it here,from the transfer of mangoes to the TV aerial there are many features to enjoy.
A lovely travel photograph.
Regards Les.
mesutilgim (106568) 2013-11-29 12:24
Hello dear Gert
Very nice capture from Mekong Delta !
Perfect pov and layout. Enriched with many interesting notes.
TFS and have a nice weekend
Sonata11 (34075) 2013-11-29 13:24
Hi Gert,
this is impressive and spectacular composition of daily life scene, splendid light and wonderfully framed. Well done!
Have a nice weekend, Barbara
imageme (1790) 2013-11-29 18:11
Hi Gert, Another daily life scenery of Asia. Wonderful moment of trading at sea. Excellent colours and lights. Thank for sharing
fabbs99 (17179) 2013-11-29 20:56
Hello Gert,
Excellent daily life image from Vietnam.The transportation and exchange of goods midstream is a novel idea for many places.Nice colors and sharpness.Very well done,TFS.
wolf38 (30) 2013-11-30 0:48
Hello Gert. What a beautiful and lively photo. Yes, the floating market is an attraction for all. The photo reminds me of my stay in Vietnam several years ago.
Rgds, Wolfgang.
willperrett (13142) 2013-11-30 1:48
Hello Gert
I hesitate to call this a "street scene", but such it is in essence. Lovely natural colours, and a good catch of what to me seems exotic, but to them is everyday life. I guess that's part of the mission of TE.
trevormoffiet (3112) 2013-11-30 3:32
Hello Gert,
A very well-composed image showing a snapshot in time of a daily routine on the Mekong. The narrative is completely captured within the image.
Best regards,
annjackman (21903) 2013-11-30 8:57
Hello Gert,
I have a similar picture from this place but haven't posted it - although I think the cargo was pineapples in my shot. This is superb and shows the people on the old boat at work in a natural way. I guess this is the Vietnamese equivalent of 'street photography'!
A really fabulous shot with great exposure, colours and sharpness.
Kind Regards, Ann
Nicou (173828) 2013-12-01 5:26
La petite barque et le grand bâteau tout en bois quel quel chargement sueprbe scène et ce fruits vert sur le petite barque que accostage et vue merveilleux.
Bravo et amitié
tyro (27250) 2013-12-01 12:34
Hello Gert,
You have given us a fascinating note and also a very fine set of pictures of daily life upon the Mekong Delta.
With all three of your pictures, it is wonderful to be able to watch the goings on on these boats as the merchants ply their trade on the water rather than on the shore. The light in all pictures (I presume that they were all taken at roughly the same time) is lovely and soft and lets us see all the true colours as well details of the boats, their cargoes and the activities of the people.
Kind Regards,
eldancer1 (36343) 2013-12-01 14:06
I've heard so much about those floating markets in Asia but I still can't get my mind around it. Those are big mangoes and I know that tropical mangoes are juicy and sweet I wish we can get them in the U.S. Good pov and dof with nice details. Well done, tfs.
Kielia (24077) 2013-12-02 7:43
Dear Gert,
your POV on this fantastic boat works excellently, the hard working people are also captured very nicely. The perspective is excellent. My compliments also for the interesting note!
Warm regards
kato (11630) 2013-12-02 16:45
Hello Gert,
You're capturing well this scene by a good angle and excellent tone/clarity, so it's interesting and impressive to see the spectacle in which the farmers on boats are carrying fresh vegetables and fruits to wholesale trader's boat. The Mekong delta seems to the important network of a life for them. It's also interesting in two WS.
Kind regards,
nikkitta (17070) 2013-12-03 17:10
Hola Gert
Interesting note introducing this plenty of action and daily life scena from the Mekong
The boat has the same old car wheels as I have seen in Hong Kong, may be to help in case of accident?
Like also the true colors
Thanks for adding so good WS, pineaple and mangos are quite common in Paraguay as well as sugar cane
adidas5nb (5743) 2013-12-03 18:05
great shot and pov of the floating market,and trade.like the timing and the sense of activity and business in the frame.
jemaflor (117228) 2013-12-04 23:04
Hi Gert,
Good pov on this floating market, Spontaneous shot with people and taken from the water, Light is pleasant, well made.
Miguel82 (27750) 2013-12-05 11:42
Aquatic life on Mekong delta river Gert, a small boat is delivering mangoes to a bigger boat, a good source of vitamin c, excellent hues, high definition, you were prompt to capture that daily life scene of trading, all the best, good evening
subhendu_bagchi (26091) 2013-12-08 1:29
Namaste Gert,
another very nice daily life shot here. Beautiful atmosphere. Nice warm light. The floating market is very nicely described by your photo. Excellent work. Tfs.
Vasa (515) 2013-12-09 16:23
Many thanks Gert ofr that document. This time your recent adventure. Large format is welcome here. As usual, I like your work. Kind regards,
adores (46939) 2013-12-15 18:22
Hi Gert!
A very good scene, with good light! Their poses are perfect, specially the woman with the conical hat that is probably passing the baskets. I really like to watch these floating markets!
Didi (61503) 2013-12-17 10:46
Hi Gert
Very nice local scene
With interesting perspective of the boat wit a good frame composition quality
Well done
Kind regards
claudeD (44170) 2014-01-07 5:38
Hello Gert,
very fine and interesting view from Mekong River Delta. Excellent composition and fine colors. I like the view very much.Very well done.TFS.
With regards from Luxembourg
Tigerlily (3379) 2014-04-24 11:36
Thanks,Gert. I know now that the previous photo's time.
I like the light and beautiful colour contrast very much on this photo.
Good morning my dear friend
the title of your photo explains too much
one shot is one thousand words
because this photo shows a load of mangoes
being transferred from a wholesale
traders boat to a local retailer
as always you gave us a new useful
have a nice weekedn
Matyas (0) 2015-04-25 0:40
Hello Gert! Wonderful scene. Wonderful people and boat. Good short perspective. Good capture and exposure. Superb quality. Original take. Regards!
Cricri (146286) 2018-01-17 7:57
Hi Gert
Scène bien capturer, ce marcher flottant me fait penser un peu a celui en Thaïlande , j'ai beaucoup aimer
La lumière est très belle
Deux WS aussi intéressant
Belle soirée
Photo Information
- Copyright: Gert Holmertz (holmertz) (73665)
- Genre: People
- Medium: Color
- Date Taken: 2008-03-00
- Categories: Daily Life, Food, Transportation
- Camera: Canon Digital Ixus 750
- Photo Version: Original Version, Workshop
- Date Submitted: 2013-11-28 9:57


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Java 1A Practical Class
Table of Contents
Last week you built a working implementation of the Game of Life using your implementation of
PackedLong to store the state of the world in a variable of type
long. The use of
PackedLong limits the size of world you can store to an eight-by-eight grid of cells. This week you will learn about Java arrays which can be used to store arbitrary-sized blocks of data. You will use Java arrays to write a new version of the Game of Life which can store a world of an arbitary size. As the size of the world gets bigger, initialising the world using a long value becomes inappropriate, so you will design your own object to store the initial starting pattern of the world and decode it from a simple string representation. By the end of this Workbook you should be familiar with creating and using arrays and objects, and the use of strings in Java.
The recommended text book for this course is Thinking in Java by Bruce Eckel. You can download a copy of the 3rd Edition for free from Bruce's website:
Remember to check the course website regularly for announcements and errata:
You will find the Java standard library documentation useful:
An array in Java is used to store a fixed number of elements of the same type. New arrays can be created either by using the Java
new operator or by using curly brackets (
{ and
}) to provide an explicit list of initial values for the array. Here are two examples:
//create a new array with five elements, each initialised to zero int[] intArray = new int[5]; //create a new array and initialise the elements with the provided values long[] longArray = {1L, 2L};
Note the use of the square brackets after the type to denote the fact that this is an array of values of the specified type. For example,
int[] tells the compiler that the variable
intArray is of type "array of ints" rather than simply "int". You can only use the curly bracket notation when creating a new variable of an array type; you cannot use it to update the values stored in an existing variable. For example:
//This is okay; create new array with 4 elements long[] longArray = {1L, 2L, 3L, 4L}; //This is wrong; you cannot update values in an array this way longArray = {1L, 2L, 3L, 4L};
You might like to try this to see the error from the compiler. Square brackets are used to retrieve or update values stored in the array. By convention, the first element in the array has an index value of zero, not one. Here are some examples:
//create a new array with five elements, each initialised to zero int[] intArray = new int[5]; //set the value of the FIRST element to 2 intArray[0] = 2; //set the value of the THIRD element to 9 intArray[2] = intArray[0] + 7; //increment the value stored in the FOURTH element to 1 intArray[3]++;
The square bracket notation only permits a single array value to be updated at a time. Consequently it is a common to use a
for loop to update values stored in an array. Here is an example:
int[] numbers = new int[5]; for(int i=0; i<numbers.length; i++) numbers[i] = i;
In the above example the
for loop is used to update each value of the "array of ints"
numbers in turn with the current value stored in the variable
i. Notice the use of the phrase
numbers.length; the value stored in the
length field is a read-only value of the size of the array. It is a good idea to use the
length field when using Java arrays, rather than using literal values. For example,
numbers.length should be used rather than the literal
5 because
numbers.length will always return the length of the array correctly, whereas
5 might be wrong if you subsequently modify the size of the
numbers array later.
By creating a suitable directory structure and file of the correct name, create a class called
FibonacciCache inside the package
uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3. Use the following code as the basis for writing the class
package uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3; public class FibonacciCache { public static long[] fib = new long[20]; public static void store(int n) { //TODO: using a for loop, update the value of fib // with the first n values of the Fibonacci sequence // e.g. store(0) should store nothing; and // store(6) should store 1,1,2,3,5,8 in first six elements of fib //Note: your code should check that n will fit inside fib // and if it is outside this range perform no action } public static void reset() { //TODO: using a for loop, set all the elements of fib to zero } public static long get(int i) { //TODO: return the value of the element in fib found at index i // e.g. "get(3)" should return the fourth element of fib // //Note: your code should check that i is within the bounds of fib // and if it is outside this range return the value of fib[0] } }
In the Java programs you wrote for Workbooks 1 and 2, the types of the variables you used were all primitive types (i.e.
float or
double). In Java, the mechanism used to store values in variables of primitive type differs from the mechanism used to store values other types. Take a look at the following piece of Java code:
class Reference { public static void update(int i, int[] array) { i++; array[0]++; } public static void main(String[] args) { int test_i = 1; int[] test_array = {1}; update(test_i, test_array); System.out.println(test_i); System.out.println(test_array[0]); } }
It might surprise you to learn that this program prints out
1 followed by
2 to the terminal. Try it for yourself now.
The reason for the difference is that variables of primitive type store the value directly, where as variables for all other types in Java store a reference to the location in memory in which the data is held. In the example above, when the method
update is called, the variable
i is initialised with a copy of the value of
test_i, so all updates to
i inside the body of the method are lost when the method finishes; in contrast, the variable
array is initialised with a reference to the location in computer memory that
test_array also references, and this location in computer memory is used to store the contents of the array. Consequently, we say that primitive values in Java are passed-by-value and arrays (and as we shall see later, objects) in Java are passed-by-reference.
The ability to define references provides the possibility of referencing nothing at all. In Java, you can do this by pointing a reference to
null which is written as follows:
int[] array = null;
You may update a reference field or variable in Java to point to
null at any point. This isn't an erroneous state, and can be useful, however since the reference does not refer to a valid array (or object), then you cannot access array elements (or object methods or fields); a program which attempts to do so will fail with an error when the program runs. For example, the following fails
int[] array = {1,2,3}; array = null System.out.println(array[1]);
array does not have a valid reference on the third line when the square brackets are used to find an element in the array.
In Java we can create two-, three- or higher-dimensional arrays. A Java two-dimensional array is simply an array of references to one-dimensional arrays. Here are some example multi-dimensional array defintions:
//create a 2-by-2 array with all values initialised to zero int[][] i = new int[2][2]; //2D array of values with each 1D value of a different length int [][] j = {i[1],{1,2,3},{4,5,6,7}}; //create a 3D array using two 2D array references int [][][] k = {i,j};
The layout of data associated with variables
j and
k is shown in Figure 1, "Graphical representation of
j, and
k". Notice that some of the data held in the arrays can be referenced using more than one variable. For example
k[0][1][0], refers to the same piece of memory as
i[1][0] and even
k[1][0][0]! Consequently, updating the value stored using any reference will ensure the updated value is available through all other references. If a piece of data can be accessed through more than one reference, we say that the references are aliased.
Your next task is to write a new implementation of Conway's Game of Life, this time using a two-dimensional array of
booleans to store the state of each cell, rather than using your implementation of
PackedLong. Using a two-dimensional array will allow you to simulate worlds which are larger than an eight-by-eight grid of cells. You should store your data in row order in the two-dimensional array, which means the first array index refers to height (
y) and the second index refers to width (
x); see the new version of
getCell below for a concrete example.
Copy the code you wrote last week in
TinyLife.java into a file called
ArrayLife.java, update the name of the class to
ArrayLife, and place the file inside the package
uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3. You should also copy across your implementation of
PackedLong into the same package. To finish updating your implementation, change each of the method prototypes in your file to the following:
public static boolean getCell(boolean[][] world, int x, int y)
public static void setCell(boolean[][] world, int x, int y, boolean value)
public static void print(boolean[][] world)
public static int countNeighbours(boolean[][] world, int x, int y)
public static boolean computeCell(boolean[][] world, int x, int y)
public static boolean[][] nextGeneration(boolean[][] world)
public static void play(boolean[][] world) throws Exception
Notice that
setCell does not return an updated version of
world. This is because arrays are passed by reference, so your implementation for this method can simply update the contents of
world, safe in the knowledge that these changes will be available when the method returns. If this concept troubles or puzzles you, please ask the Lecturer or Demonstrator to explain this to you—it's crucial that you understand this concept so don't feel afraid to ask for help! You will now need to replace all calls to
PackedLong.set and
PackedLong.get with suitable operations on a two-dimensional array of booleans. For example, the
getCell method could be written as:
public static boolean getCell(boolean[][] world, int x, int y) { if (y < 0 || y > world.length - 1) return false; if (x < 0 || x > world[y].length - 1) return false; return world[y][x]; }
Make sure you understand the difference between
world.length and
world[y].length. You must update the body of all the methods in ArrayLife as listed above. Finally, replace your
main method with the following code:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int size = Integer.parseInt(args[0]); long initial = Long.decode(args[1]); boolean[][] world = new boolean[size][size]; //place the long representation of the game board in the centre of "world" for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < 8; j++) { world[i+size/2-4][j+size/2-4] = PackedLong.get(initial,i*8+j); } } play(world); }
You should then be able to try the game boards listed in Workbook 2 as follows:
crsid@machine:~> java uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3.ArrayLife 12 0x1824428181422418
In this case, you should see the five-phase oscillator in the centre of a 12-by-12 world. If you are not doing so already, you should make sure your code is presented in a neat and consistent style so that the structure of the different blocks (delimited by
{ and
}) is clear. Please ask if you're having trouble with presentation.
The Object-Oriented Programming course covers the essential concepts in object-oriented programming and provided some examples in Java. This section briefly reviews these concepts to give you the skills to improve your implementation of ArrayLife further.
An object is used to encapsulate both a data structure and a set of operations which can be performed on it. Data is stored in fields, and operations are written as methods. For example, we might like to create an object to represent a cell in the Game of Life. A cell object might have a field to record whether the cell is alive or dead; the same object can also provide methods for changing the state of the cell to "alive" or "dead".
An object-oriented programming language needs some method of describing an object, and in Java this is done by writing a class. To create objects which represent cells in the Game of Life, we would define a class to encapsulate the data (the current state of the cell, alive or dead) and the actions we can perform on it (changing the state of the cell to alive or dead); from a practical perspective we probably need a method of retrieving the current state of the cell too! Once we have a class definition we can create multiple instances of a class, each of which will have an independent data store.
One possible definition of a Cell object in Java is as follows:
class Cell { boolean alive; Cell() {alive=false;} boolean isAlive() {return alive;} void create() {alive=true;} void kill() {alive=false;} }
where each of the lines in the above code perform the following actions:
The first line declares a new class called
Cell; the declaration includes everything between lines 2 and 6 and is terminated with the closing curly bracket (
}) on line 7.
The second line declares the desire for space in computer memory to store information which has the name
alive and has the type
The third line is a constructor for the class (a method which is executed when an object of the class is created); in this case the constructor initialises the field
alive to
The fourth line defines a method which returns the current state of the cell.
The fifth line defines a method which updates the state of the cell to alive.
The sixth line defines a method which updates the state of the cell to dead.
The definition of the class
Cell has not actually created any cell objects yet, it merely provides a schematic or plan of how to create them; we have created a new type. We can use a class definition to create multiple instances of a class which, as we've already seen, are often called objects.
To make use of a class definition we need to create an instance of it (those familiar with Java might complain that there are some exceptions to this rule—
static fields and methods— but we'll ignore these for now). We also need some method of naming or referring to the specific instance, which is called a reference. Creating an instance of a class, and keeping a reference to it are distinct concepts in Java since it is often useful to have several references pointing to a single instance. In fact, you've already used references in Java earlier in this workbook in the context of Java arrays. If an instance of an object exists which has no reference to it, the programmer has no way of referring to it and it is therefore no longer useful; in this case the Java runtime can safely delete the instance. This process is called garbage collection and is handled automatically in Java.
We can create a new instance of an object by calling the class constructor, prefixed with the
new keyword; for example "
new Cell()". If our class definition does not contain any constructors, the Java compiler will create a default constructor for us; a default constructor takes no arguments. We can create space to store a reference which points to an object by writing the type (the name of the class) followed by a memorable name which we can use to refer to the reference, for example, "
Cell cell1"; this storage space is called a field if it appears inside the body of a class definition, or a variable if it appears inside the body of a method. A variable or field can reference an object in Java by using the assignment operator (
=), and we can do all these steps in one line, or separately:
Cell cell1 = new Cell(); Cell cell2; cell2 = new Cell();
In the above example,
the first line creates a variable called
cell1 of type
Cell and updates the contents of the variable to reference a new instance of the
Cell class.
The second line simply creates a new variable called
cell2 which at this stage does not point to any instance;
the third line updates the variable
cell2 so that it references a second instance of
As you will have seen in lectures, we can use variables or fields which reference objects to invoke methods and access fields on those objects.
Usually fields and methods are associated with instances of a class. In other words, each object has it's own copy of a field and method. Sometimes however you may want every object or instance of a particular class to share the same field or method. In this case you prefix the name of the field or method with the keyword
Up until now you have only been using static methods. For example, the special
main method is declared
static because the Java runtime invokes it without creating an instance of the class which contains it. Because a static method or field is not associated with any particular instance, you refer to it by using the name of the class not the name of the instance. For example, last week you wrote
PackedLong.get and
PackedLong.set to refer to static methods associated with the class
Just as we have seen for Java arrays, arguments and return types of objects are passed using references to the same underlying object instance; therefore using an object instance as an argument to a method does not make a copy of the object. As mentioned earlier in the second section of this Workbook, this is called call-by-reference. Many procedural and object-oriented programming languages support this type of argument passing.
If you do not wish to return a value from a method, then specify a return type of
void. For example, the special main function you've seen in Java has a return type of
void. This is a bit like
unit in ML.
You should now be able to write simple classes in Java which contain fields, methods and variables. You should choose names for such things carefully, partly because a good name for a class, method or variable will improve readability (and therefore is strongly encouraged from a software engineering perspective), but also because some phrases cannot be used for classes, methods, fields or variable names in Java. You may recall from Workbook 2 that the following names are reserved words in Java:
abstract assert boolean* break byte* case catch char* class* const continue default do double* else* enum extends false* final finally float* for* goto if* implements import instanceof int* interface long* native new* null* package* private protected public return* short* static* strictfp super switch synchronized this throw throws transient true* try void* volatile while*
The keywords marked with an asterisk (
*) are terms which you should recognise.
Using any of these words as a name for a class, method, field or variable name will result in a compile error. If you encounter this problem, the solution is to change the name so it is no longer a reserved word. You will learn what many of the other reserved words do in this course, but not all. Some of the advanced features of Java will not be taught until the second year.
Every class object has some built-in or special method names which you should also avoid using. These are:
clone equals finalize getClass notify notifyAll toString wait
You should avoid naming a method with one of these names unless you really know what you're doing. Unfortunately you may not get a compile error if you use one of these names for a method accidentally. This is because there are circumstances when you may wish to provide your own implementation of these methods. Therefore if your program appears to behave incorrectly, you should double-check to make sure none of your methods have one of these names.
By convention, class names in Java should start with an upper case letter, and variable, field and method names should begin with a lower case letter. Consistent use of capitalisation will help you differentiate between class names and variable names, and may also aid syntax highlighting in some editors.
This section reviewed important concepts and terminology. You should make sure you know what the following terms mean before continuing: class, instance, object, field, method, static, variable, constructor, garbage collection, pass-by-reference, pass-by-value,
Your implementation of ArrayLife is still limited to simulating a game board with an eight-by-eight grid of cells because it uses values of type
long to initialise the world. To explore larger and more interesting worlds, you will need to use bigger patterns. To describe larger worlds you will use an instance of the standard library
String class. You can see the methods available for objects of type
String by looking them up in Sun's documentation. Do this now by visiting the following website
and find the
String class in the list of "All Classes" in the lower left-hand pane. You will need to refer to this documentation later in this tick. The
String class is used extensively in the Java library, and consequently has two special features of importance in this course. These are
an instance of
String can be created without using the
new operator and a call to the constructor: simply place the string pattern inside double quotes, for example
"Alastair Beresford";
the addition operator, when combined with a string, can be used to convert and append variables or literals of another type to a string, for example
"The University of Cambridge is "+800+" years old" creates a new string whose contents is
The University of Cambridge is 800 years old.
A Java
String is immutable, so the contents cannot be updated after initialisation; instead, all methods associated with String object create a new instance of the
String class which contains the relevant updates. Here are some example ways of creating
String objects and variables which reference them:
String s1 = new String("Cambridge"); String s2 = s1; //s2 and s1 now reference the same object instance String s3 = "University of "; //new instance of String, but no "new" operator! String s4 = s3 + s2; //concatenate two strings String upper = s4.toUpperCase(); //Note: contents of s4 is distinct from upper String lower = "University of Cambridge".toLowerCase();
In the remainder of this course you will use a Java
String to describe the world in Conway's Game of Life. There are a multitude of sensible patterns you could use to describe the game board, but you should use the format described here so that your program is compatible with the examples in this Workbook and the automated tests. The format you need to support is
NAME is the name given to the board layout,
AUTHOR is the crsid or name of the author, and
WIDTH and
HEIGHT describe the board dimensions. Rather than specifying the state of all cells in the world, the format assumes that cells are dead unless explicitly specified otherwise. Consequently
CELLS is used to represent a subset of the board which contains all the live cells. (Most cells in a typical world are dead so this optimisation is frequently useful.) The values of
STARTX and
STARTY specify the location of the cells recorded in
CELLS in the world. The details of the format are perhaps best explained with the aid of the following example:
Glider:Richard Guy (1970):20:20:1:1:010 001 111
The above example describes a world of 20 cells by 20 cells with a "Glider" in it. Gliders were discovered by Richard Guy in 1970. The contents of
CELLS is
010 001 111 and records live cells with a one (
1) and dead cells with a zero (
0) in row order, using spaces to separate rows. Therefore, in the above example, the
CELLS part of the format states that cells (1,0), (2,1), (0,2), (1,2) and (2,2) are alive. The values of
STARTX and
STARTY should be added to the values recorded in
CELLS and therefore the live cells in the world at generation zero are (2,1), (3,2), (1,3), (2,3) and (3,3); all other cells are dead.
The layout of this world is shown in Figure 2, "The Glider in a 20-by-20 world". Remember that this format assumes that cells are initialised as dead unless they are explicitly marked as alive in the
CELLS section of the format string.
Your next challenge is to update your program ArrayLife so that it accepts strings in the new format. This updated version should be called StringArrayLife. StringArrayLife should accept the appropriately formatted string on the command line and use it to initialise the state of the world at generation zero. For example,
crsid@machine:~> java uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3.StringArrayLife \ "Glider:Richard Guy (1970):20:20:1:1:010 001 111"
It's essential to use the double quotes (
") around the format string, otherwise the shell will interpret the format string as multiple arguments rather than as a single argument. In order to support the string format, you will need to devise a method of parsing and interpreting the values in the format string. Below are some code snippets which you may find helpful. You should use Sun's on-line documentation to work out how to use them.
"010 001 111".split(" ")
You may like to check your understanding of the code snippets by writing a simple test program.
In the final part of this workbook, you are going to redesign the StringArrayLife class to reduce the tight-coupling which currently exists in its design. Assume for a moment that you were working on your simulation of Conway's Game of Life with another developer. One developer might be working on parts of the program which applies the game rules to the two-dimensional world array, and the other developer on the subsystem used to load patterns and initialise the world. With the current design both developers will need to inform each other whenever they make almost any change.
Good abstraction is essential in software development and in an object-oriented programming language objects provide the primary method of abstraction. In Java, a well designed class should allow a programmer to interact with it as a black box without worrying about how it works—this is beneficial for multiple people working on a project and also beneficial to a single programmer because it means they can write clearer programs which are more likely to function correctly. Therefore as the last task in this Workbook you will create a new class called
Pattern which will encapsulate all the state expressed by the format string described in the last section.
As you will see shortly, in this class you will prefix field names with the keyword
private. This means that the fields are only accessible by methods associated with the class, and not from elsewhere. This is a form of encapsulation since it prevents external, uncontrolled modification of internal state. It is common to write "get" methods associated with some private fields which provide read-only access to the underlying state.
By creating a suitable directory structure and file of the correct name, create a class called
Pattern inside the package
uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3. Use the following code as the basis for writing the class
package uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3; public class Pattern { private String name; private String author; private int width; private int height; private int startX; private int startY; private String cells; //TODO: write public "get" methods for EACH of the fields above; // for instance "getName" should be written as: public String getName() { return name; } public Pattern(String format) { //TODO: initialise all fields of this class using contents of "format" // to determine the correct values. } public void initialise(boolean[][] world) { //TODO: update the values in the 2D array representing the state of "world" // as expressed by the contents of the field "cells". } }
The behaviour of
Pattern when given an incorrectly formatted string is undefined for the purposes of this Tick, however you may like to choose some sensible defaults. The automatic tests associated with this Tick will always provide well formatted strings.
By creating a suitable directory structure and file of the correct name, create a class called
PatternLife inside the package
uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3. Copy the contents of
StringArrayLife.java into
PatternLife.java and replace the
main function with:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Pattern p = new Pattern(args[0]); boolean[][] world = new boolean[p.getHeight()][p.getWidth()]; p.initialise(world); play(world); }
To submit your tick for this week, produce a jar file called
crsid-tick3.jar with the following contents:
META-INF/ META-INF/MANIFEST.MF uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/FibonacciCache.class uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/FibonacciCache.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/ReferenceTest.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/ReferenceTest.class uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/ArrayLife.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/ArrayLife.class uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/StringArrayLife.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/StringArrayLife.class uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/Pattern.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/Pattern.class uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/PatternLife.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/PatternLife.class uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/PackedLong.java uk/ac/cam/crsid/tick3/PackedLong.class
The jar file should have its entry point set to
uk.ac.cam.crsid.tick3.PatternLife so that you can invoke PatternLife from the command line as follows:
crsid@machine:~> java -jar crsid-tick3.jar \ "Glider:Richard Guy (1970):20:20:1:1:010 001 111"
Once you have produced a suitable jar file and tested that the code it contains works, you can submit it by emailing it as an attachment to


text:
my %year2013; # declaring the hash $year2013{jan}[0] = "Fireworks on Time Square to celebrate the new year on Jan 1, 2013."; $year2013{jan}[1] = "Something else that happened in Jan. 2013"; $year2013{feb}[0] = "Pope Benedict resigns from duty."; $year2013{mar}[0] = "Severe snowstoms in the area of the city of xxx."; push @{$year2013{mar}}, "Death of Venezuelian President Hugo Chavez"; push @{$year2013{mar}}, "New Argentinian Pope elected in Rome";
DB<7> x %year2013 0 'feb' 1 ARRAY(0x20381630) 0 'Pope Benedict resigns from duty.' 2 'jan' 3 ARRAY(0x20080860) 0 'Fireworks on Time Square to celebrate the new year on Jan 1, 2013.' 1 'Something else that happened in Jan. 2013' 4 'mar' 5 ARRAY(0x20381468) 0 'Severe snowstoms in the area of the city of xxx.' 1 'Death of Venezuelian President Hugo Chavez' 2 'New Argentinian Pope elected in Rome'
print "$year2013{feb}[0] \n";
Pope Benedict resigns from duty.
print $_, "\n" foreach @{$year2013{mar}};
Severe snowstoms in the area of the city of xxx. Death of Venezuelian President Hugo Chavez New Argentinian Pope elected in Rome
my $events[2013] = \%year2013;


text:
A First-Hand Exclusive
MPA student Laura Piscopo was eager to immerse herself in the daily fast-paced buzz that is Capitol Hill and learn about federal policy. So she enrolled in the MPA program's "Politics of the Federal Bureaucracy" seminar, which included a three-day visit to Washington, DC.
Piscopo, along with fellow MPA candidate Denise Dembkoski, were two of 14 students who took the trip to the nation's capital, led by Professor Linda Melconian.
"I had heard such great things about this class and was excited for the up-close exposure to our federal government and legislators, and the overall learning experience," said Dembkoski.
"The intensity and pace of the trip definitely lived up to its reputation," Piscopo said.
Their group met and interviewed members of the Massachusetts Congressional Delegation, as well as Senator Elizabeth Warren and Interim Senator Mo Cowen. They also reviewed briefings from several federal departments, including the President's Office of Management and Budget, The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Department of State, the National Mediation Board, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. And they had access to parts of the Capital Building that most tourists never see.
They also met with Suffolk alumni who shared success stories of how they leveraged their degrees into federal careers.
Gaining a New Perspective
This inside access allowed students to learn about our nation's government from a whole new standpoint. They witnessed some of the major challenges within the field, yet saw an inspiring sense of hope at the same time.
"The most memorable part was meeting Senators Cowan and Warren in two different interviews. They were new faces on the hill, and you couldn't help being touched by their idealism, commitment, and passion," said Piscopo.
The interviews and briefings that the group experienced in DC enhanced their understanding of topics they discussed in the classroom, such as the debt ceiling, budget sequestration, and current bills in front of Congress.
"It gave me a new appreciation for the federal bureaucracy. I think it was a stark reality to hear about these things first hand, from the people on the front lines every day," said Dembkoski.
"Each interview and briefing brought insight and knowledge," Piscopo said. "It was also encouraging to meet with so many successful Suffolk alumni with careers in Washington, DC. I felt proud to be part of this university."
Enriching the Classroom Experience
Students described the trip as a valuable experience that complemented the classes they had already taken.
"I would absolutely recommend this course and trip to other students." The course would be beneficial with only the classroom component; however, it is the trip that makes it so meaningful," said Piscopo.
"The three days felt like such a whirlwind. It was a remarkable experience that I will remember forever," said Dembkoski


text:
Regional Truck Driver - Apply now!
J.B. Hunt is now hiring CDL-A truck drivers for regional driving jobs within our Dedicated fleet. Ask about our relocation package!
This regional dedicated trucking job features the following:
- Average annual earnings projected $73,750
- Top earners averaging $80,000Â
- $1,400 minimum weekly pay guarantee through February 2019
- Weekly home time
- 2 consecutive days off each week
- No-touch freight
- Onsite management
- Paid time off accrual from day one
- Pick up and deliver loaded trailers from distribution center
- Benefit options and a company-matched 401k plan
- Requires 3 months of CDL A driving experience
J.B. Hunt's regional dedicated jobs offer drivers competitive pay and a consistent schedule serving a single customer, allowing you reliable home time, a familiar route and an opportunity to exercise your customer service skills.
Along with the perks of paid time off and onsite management, dedicated truck drivers enjoy access to comprehensive health benefit offerings including medical, dental and vision, as well as life insurance, 401K and paid vacation.
Call (xxx) xxx-xxxx for more information about this regional dedicated driving job or pre-qualify online now!
Candidates with past experience as Courier Controller, Refrigerated Freight Driver, and Driver and that have worked in companies such as The Suddath Cos., CRST International, and Dart Transit Co. are encouraged to submit their application.


text:
Ten Ways to Practice Perfection with Your IT Teams
Practice doesn't actually always make perfect. But it certainly can get you and your teams to better. Too often, however, we confuse the length of time spent honing our skills with how much we actually improved. Because spending a lot of time on something doesn't matter if you're not doing it well. In their new book, "Practice Perfect: 42 Rules for Getting Better at Getting Better " (Jossey-Bass/Available in October), authors Doug Lemov, Erica Woolway and Katie Yezzi contend that CIOs must conduct practice sessions with their tech teams. With the following planning best practices as detailed in the book, your teams can better perform task management, inter-department presentations, communications, specific IT skill development and a host of other work-related needs. The authors are renown experts in teaching practices and education management.


text:
The Ohio State University
Office of Student Life
Time: Wednesday, December 6, 2017 5:30 PM - 7:00 PM
Location: Younkin Success Center, 4th Floor
Group II Facilitated by Kipp Pietrantonio
The Buckeye Brothers is a place for men to come together and discuss their problems in a fun and dignified way. In addition to developing tools to better manage our mental health concerns we will also develop skills that improve our ability to be men in a university setting. During every meeting we will also engage in team building activities that help us become a stronger group. Some of these activities could include things like playing video games together, watching movies or sports, engaging in card or board games or sharing hobbies or skills we have developed over the years. This is not your traditional therapy group and we hope you can join us!
Please call 614-292-5766, speak with your counselor, or email Kipp for more information.
Kipp Pietrantonio
Add to your Outlook calendar
Add to your Google Calendar


text:
Thursday September 15, 2011
His devoted wife Catherine Zeta-Jones was unable to attend due to filming committments.
But lucky Michael Douglas had two other beautiful ladies to keep him company in the front row of the Michael Kors runway show.
With Hollywood starlets Rosie Huntington-Whiteley and Zoe Saldana beside him, the 60-year old looked delighted with the seating plan.
The actor chatted to British beauty Rosie, who looked stunning in a nude dress and matching boots, as the designer showcased a safari-inspired collection.
Meanwhile, Michael spoke backstage about his health.
"I feel great, I'm feeling great," he told E! News, referring to the recovery from his recent battle with throat cancer.
Catherine Zeta-Jones and Michael Douglas: A lasting love
Photo: © Getty


text:
How dare you, sir. How dare you dispatch of my wonderful Gilly Simon 64 36 61 in Metz? Just because you look like a methed out raver doesn't mean you can go around and ruin all my hopes and desires. Boo on you. Boo.
Also in Metz: Nico Almagro got Schwanked and Dr. Ivo won after Baggy went down in a screaming heap after injuring his back during a serve in the second set. He was wheeled off in stretcher. Hope it's not too serious.


text:
to give someone crap, rain on their parade, beat them down, etc.... used as a comeback when someone puts you down or says something bad about you
"Dude, get off your ass and do something. You're an embarrassment."
"Stop dullin' my blade dawg!"
"Stop dullin' my blade dawg!"
by Scot Tunl January 21, 2008


text:
Justice by skin color is, and always was, the height of imbecility. Judging worth or intention by race is absolute nonsense. As is judging by gender. "Judge not, lest ye be judged." I still have hope that such a day may arrive.
I had hopes. I had hopes when 50 years ago, I conducted race relations seminars on behalf of the Ford Foundation and the Methodist Church. I had hopes earlier when the U.S. Supreme Court acted against segregation in the schools. They were not idle hopes. There was work — hard work — to do. But there was a better future.
Surely, we could learn to respect and listen to one another. Children growing up in the same classrooms would surely learn to judge by some criteria other than the color of one's skin. The day would come when they would look for factors other than race. I hoped, but I didn't realize the length of the road ahead.
I had hopes as I toured Chicago Public Housing with Robert Kennedy. I had hopes as he and I sat and discussed the future. My heart was broken as he lay dead and Rosie Greer, that mountain of a man, cried. But the sun rose the next morning, and there was still so much work to be done if hope was to become reality.
I had hopes that if the marches to get the right to vote (as in Selma, Ala.) were successful, eyes would open and a day of greater understanding would arrive. Oh, we knew someone might die at the hands of some passing nut. The subject actually came up in a White House meeting before the passage of the Civil Rights Act. There was a price to pay, and no one knew who would be the payer.
When the right to vote was secured, it had to be used. Julian Bond, an everlasting optimist, ran for office and won! Later Andy Young would do the same thing. A new day had dawned — I hoped.
Hopes dimmed at times. Rabid mouths would spout nonsense as they sought to maintain the status quo. So-called leaders would seek to exploit, and profit, from prejudice. But life and hope continued. It still does.
Justice by skin color is, and always was, the height of imbecility. Judging worth or intention by race is absolute nonsense. As is judging by gender. "Judge not, lest ye be judged." I still have hope that such a day may arrive, though I may not live to see it.
Times have changed, whether some like it or not. Hope is a candle in the darkness, but it can become a bright beacon. That is happening. Those who would keep the past need to think carefully about life in the future. A snowball can turn into an avalanche under the right or wrong conditions. Some may regret it, but the days of the KKK are, or should be, long past. Think carefully about this. Build bridges instead of destroying them.
Remember, much of one's attitude toward others is buried in our subconscious. It is there we classify women as inferior or worth less money for the same job. It is there we draw racial lines. That is a closet that needs cleaning out if hopes are to become reality.
Frank E. Shuler Jr. was a special assistant to Presidents Lyndon Johnson and Jimmy Carter and is a retired Methodist minister.


text:
Blues agree with D Kent Huskins on 1-year dealNHL.com @NHL
ST. LOUIS (AP) - The St. Louis Blues shored up their defense by agreeing to a one-year, $1 million contract with unrestricted free agent defenseman Kent Huskins.
The deal was announced Saturday, the second day of NHL free agency.
Huskins, 32, played in 50 games for the San Jose Sharks last season, recording two goals and eight assists. He missed 32 regular-season games and 13 more in the playoffs because of an undisclosed upper body injury. Huskins had three goals and a career-best 22 points with the Sharks in the 2009-10 season.
The 6-foot-4, 210-pound left-handed defenseman won the Stanley Cup while playing for the Anaheim Ducks in 2007. In five NHL seasons, the last two with the Sharks, he has 11 goals and 49 assists.


text:
The 'Black Strat' Dave Gilmour Signature To Be Released Soon!
After rumours and delays, the official Dave Gilmour website finally confirmed that Fender will release the Dave Gilmour Signature Stratocaster...a replica of his legendary "Black Strat".
It's now official – Fender are now launching the David Gilmour Signature 'Black Strat' model on Monday 22nd September 2008, to coincide with the Live In Gdañsk album, which also hits the streets on that day (Tuesday 23rd in North America).
The Fender Custom Shop's Mike Eldred and Todd Krause have worked very closely with David and Phil Taylor to make sure that the model is the closest thing to David's own, much-customised, guitar, but at an affordable price.
We don't have a confirmed Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price yet, but it won't be $24,000 (the price of the recent Eric Clapton limited 'Blackie' model), nor is it intended to be a limited edition. However its manufacture does take some time, so it may be hard to find at first – hopefully only for a short while. Dolphin Music will order some as soon as they are available to the UK.
In the two years that the guitar has been in discussion, a number of prototypes have been produced, and the final version was only approved when David was happy that all elements combined to make a sound that was as close as possible to his own guitar's. The 'Black Strat' comes in a hard case (by G&G) stuffed with extras: Phil Taylor's 'Black Strat' book, a set of GHS David Gilmour Boomer strings, a copy of the 3-disc version of Live In Gdañsk, a cable by Evidence Audio, a deluxe Fender leather strap, and a David Gilmour plectrum. The interior of the case is a plush green, including embroidered David Gilmour and Fender Custom Shop logos.
The guitar itself features close renditions of the Black Strat's maple neck, deep black pickguard, shortened tremolo arm and custom electronics, and is the only guitar that can be said to closely resemble the real thing – beware of imitations.
- Maple neck – as close as possible to the original ('83 57V with Gotoh tuners), in shape, colour and feel, with a nitro-cellulose finish.
- Alder body with the same late 60's contours as the original.
- All the pickups were selected by David to match the sound of the 'Black Strat' closely, and are custom-wound: neck and middle pickups by Fender's legendary Abigail Ybarra, and the bridge pickup by Seymour Duncan.
- The same extra mini-switch has been added, which adds the neck pickup to the middle or bridge pickup if desired.
- The tremolo arm has been shortened, as per David's modification.
There are two models:
- The 'Relic', which replicates the 'Black Strat' as it is today with aged parts and worn paint, plus all the wear and tear of David's heavily-used 30-year-old guitar – with no backplate.
- The 'New Old Stock' model, which replicates the 'Black Strat' as it is now – but with all-new parts, 'new' paint finish and an additional white plastic backplate. The NOS model should be found at a lower retail price than the 'Relic'.


text:
10w, 2d. Once upon a time, my legs were my favorite body part. Now they're just kind of a pain. Literally.
When I was pregnant with my first son, I developed some super sexy spider veins. Big ones--although apparently not big enough to qualify as varicose veins--but big enough that my ob sent me off from his office in search of some knee-high compression socks. Because I wasn't already feeling my lady mojo waning thanks to heaving around a huge belly... now I got to dress like a grandma. Fortunately, after giving birth and my blood volume returning to normal, the veins (mostly) disappeared.
Then, about 10 seconds after my second son was conceived, voila, they reappeared. And with a vengeance. Not only did they look gross--red and purple lines crisscrossing over my pasty legs--but they really hurt. My legs ached daily and the veins were throbbing by every evening. I was back in compression socks before the end of my first trimester. And really, I probably should have been in some full compression stockings (or at least some rockin' thigh-highs), but man, those things are H.O.T. (and not in a good way). I just couldn't bear the thought of an additional layer under my clothes when I was already sweating my way through the winter, so I stuck with the socks, which barely reached where I needed them to go.
Following the birth of my second son, I waited... and waited... and waited some more for the veins to disappear. And while some of them eventually faded, one giant purple wormy one did not. And it continued to throb. I finally lost my patience (and faced reality) and asked my primary care doctor about it. Long story short, he referred me to a vascular surgeon who removed the vein during an outpatient procedure. He did a great job (yay for no more pain!) but also warned me that if I were to get pregnant again, I might have the same trouble once again.
And here I am... or here my knee is, underlined by some fresh red and purple markings that seem to be expanding. Apologies for the pasty legs (I am incapable of ever getting tan--the options are merely white, pink or red). I'm not normally a very vain (or shall I say vein?) person, but the thought of wearing compression socks or stockings all summer long is--at the moment, at least--too much to bear. Also, too damn hot. For now, I'm just trying to put my feet up when I can.
Did you ever get spider veins or varicose veins during pregnancy? What was one of your biggest complaints about pregnancy?