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Sam Paul
North Carolina
Under head coach Sam Paul's direction, the University of North Carolina men's tennis program continues to achieve significant milestones as he is now in his third decade of service to the University's athletic program.
With over 300 career victories at Carolina, Paul begins his 20th year as head coach and his 24th season at Carolina overall. A five-time ACC Coach of the Year selection, four-time ITA regional coach of the year and four-time ITA national coach of the year finalist, Paul also begins his 22nd overall year as a collegiate head coach, including two years at Richmond prior to coming to UNC.
Carolina's tradition of excellence in men's tennis dating back to the early stages of the 20th Century, has only continued under Paul, who ranks fourth in regular-season ACC dual match wins all-time and is second in UNC history in that category behind only Don Skakle.
The native of Lancaster, S.C., has continued the winning reputation of UNC men's tennis through his skill as a coach and recruiter since then UNC Athletic Director and current ACC Commissioner John Swofford named him as head coach in April 1993.
Paul is the winningest active coach in the ACC and is the fourth winningest coach in league history with his 324 overall wins and his 122 ACC regular-season victories. Paul achieved his 300th victory on March 20, 2011 when the Tar Heels defeated Wake Forest 4-3 in Winston-Salem, N.C.
Paul's players at Carolina have achieved at every level. Since he became an assistant coach at UNC in 1989, the Tar Heels have had players earn first-team All-America honors 19 times.
Many players under Paul's tutelage have gone on to tremendous success on the professional level. Five players tutored by Paul have ascended to the Top 500 of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles rankings. Don Johnson, captain of the 1990 ACC championship team and a former UNC assistant coach under Paul, won the 2001 Wimbledon doubles championship and is the former No. 1-ranked doubles player in the world. Paul's former players have reached the semifinals of every Grad Slam event, won 25 ATP events and over 35 Challengers.
During his tenure as the head and assistant coach at North Carolina, the Tar Heels have won seven ACC championships, including the 1990, 1992 and 2002 tournament titles and the 1991, 1992, 1996 and 2004 regular-season championships. The Tar Heels have earned NCAA Tournament bids 20 of the past 21 seasons and the Heels have advanced to the national tournament in 18 of the 19 years in which Paul has been the head coach.
The Tar Heels have been at their best over the past nine seasons. During that time span, UNC has hosted NCAA Tournaments first and second rounds five times, finished the season ranked in the Top 20 nationally seven times and advanced to the NCAA Round of 16 three times. During those nine seasons, Carolina has finished in the Top 4 of the ACC regular season standings all but two times. Carolina is 175-65 over the past nine years, a winning percentage of .729. Carolina is 66-27 in ACC regular season matches since the 2003-04 season, a winning rate of .710.
Four times in the last six seasons Carolina has set a school record for ACC regular season wins, garnering nine victories in 2007, 2008, 2011 and 2012. In 2007, Paul led the Tar Heels to a 20-0 record to start the season, attaining the highest national ranking in school history in the ITA poll at No. 5. Paul's 2006 team tied a school record for most overall wins in a season at 25-5. That tied the school mark, which was also 25-5, set by the 1992 NCAA quarterfinalist team on which Paul served as an assistant.
Individually, Paul has guided a host of Tar Heel players to conference, regional and national accolades. UNC players have earned All-ACC accolades 54 times since his first season as an assistant coach in 1989-90. Over the last nine years, UNC players have earned first-team All-America honors 10 times, the most recent being Jose Hernandez in 2011.
From 2008-10, Carolina was one of only two schools in the country to have a doubles team earn All-America accolades three consecutive years. UNC had back-to-back NCAA Tournament semifinalists in doubles with Taylor Fogleman and Clay Donato going that far in 2009 and Donato teaming up with Stefan Hardy in 2010. In 2006, Raian Luchici and Brad Pomeroy ascended to the No. 1 doubles ranking for the first time in school history.
Twice since the 2000 season, Paul has mentored student-athletes who have won the Patterson Medal as Carolina's outstanding senior student-athlete - Tripp Phillips in 2000 and Nick Monroe in 2004. Prior to those two selections, no Carolina tennis player had won the award in half a century. Phillips returned to campus seven years ago as the assistant coach for the Tar Heels.
Including ACC Tournament play, the 2007 team had the most victories in a single season in school history against ACC opponents with 11 wins. Paul has also coached the Tar Heels to their two best road wins in school history (based on opponent national ranking) when they won at No. 2 Georgia on April 2, 1994 and at No. 3 Texas on March 8, 2011.
Among the awards won by Paul's players have been ITA National Senior Player of the Year, Arthur Ashe Sportsmanship Award, ITA National Player To Watch, ITA Rookie of the Year, ITA Team Sportsmanship Award and ITA Scholar-Athlete Award as well as a host of regional ITA accolades.
Paul has mentored 11 first-team All-Americas in his tenure as head coach since 1993-94 to a total of 14 All-America awards, including a trio of two-time first-team All Americas. David Caldwell (two-time All-America), Brint Morrow, Tripp Phillips, Nick Monroe, Raian Luchici, Brad Pomeroy, Taylor Fogleman (two-time All America), Chris Kearney, Clay Donato (two-time All-America), Stefan Hardy and Jose Hernandez have been so honored by the ITA. Paul also coached Bryan Jones, Chris Mumford, Ronald Thornqvist (two-time All-America) and Daryl Wyatt to first-team All-America honors during his assistant coaching years at Carolina from 1989-93 under Allen Morris.
With the parity present in men's collegiate tennis, Paul's career achievements at North Carolina are significant. He has 324 career victories at UNC and is the ACC's No. 1 winningest active coach with a 122-51 regular season dual match record. The Tar Heels have finished among the top three in the final ACC regular season standings in 18 of the 23 years that Paul has been the assistant or head coach at UNC.
Carolina teams under Paul's tutelage have been distinguished by their sportsmanship and leadership. In 2006, Luchici was named the ITA National Senior Player of the Year. In 2003, Nick Monroe was named the Arthur Ashe Mideast Region Sportsmanship Award winner and a year later Monore received the ITA National Jon Van Nostrand Memorial Award. Paul's 2005 North Carolina team was the first NCAA Division I men's team to receive the inaugural ITA National Team Sportsmanship Award.
While UNC has experienced tremendous success on the court, Tar Heel tennis teams under Coach Paul also excel in the classroom. In the past year, Carolina's men's tennis team posted a 3.344 cumulative grade point average in the spring of 2012 and a 3.295 average in the fall semester. Eight Tar Heels were named to the 2011-12 ACC Academic Honor Roll. UNC had 10 Dean's List selections in the past two semesters.
Paul has tutored four players at North Carolina who have been ranked in the Top 500 in the world in men's singles - Don Johnson (UNC class of '90), David Caldwell (UNC Class of '96), Tripp Phillips (UNC Class of '00) and Nick Monroe (UNC Class of '04).
Paul became the only ACC coach to coach a player ranked No. 1 in the world in the ATP men's doubles rankings when he acted as personal coach for UNC alumnus Don Johnson during his magnificent runs in doubles at Wimbledon and the U.S. Open during the late 1990s and early years of the 2000s. Paul coached Johnson to a pair of Grand Slam titles and an appearance on the U.S. Davis Cup Team.
Paul took over the reins as head coach in May 1993 after assisting head coach Allen Morris from 1989-93. In 2002, Paul directed his Tar Heels to a 19-6 dual match record and the ACC Tournament championship, the 25th in school history. Carolina has been invited to the NCAA Tournament 18 of the past 19 seasons while Paul has been head coach in Chapel Hill; only once in Paul's tenure have the Tar Heels failed to make the NCAA Tournament field. Under Paul's guidance, the Tar Heels hosted NCAA regionals in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2012. Paul has repeatedly been rewarded for his coaching ability as he was selected the ACC Coach of the Year in 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007.
After serving as the Director of Tennis and the head men's and women's tennis coaches at the University of Richmond for two years from 1987-89, Paul came to Chapel Hill in September 1989. At the University of Richmond, he won honors as the Colonial Athletic Association's (CAA) Women's Tennis Coach of the Year in both 1988 and 1989.
During Paul's four years as the Carolina assistant, UNC was 82-29 overall in dual matches, 26-3 in ACC regular-season dual matches and 10-2 in ACC Tournament dual matches. In those four years, UNC won ACC Tournament titles in 1990 and 1992, were the ACC Tournament runners-up in 1991 and 1993 while winning the conference's regular-season championships in 1991 and 1992.
During his tenure, the Tar Heels have also had remarkable success in ITA Grand Slam events. In 1993, former UNC men's assistant coach and two-time All-America selection Ronald Thornqvist won the ITA Indoors title in Minneapolis, Minn. In 2004, Geoff Boyd and Brad Pomeroy won the Mideast Region doubles championship and advanced to the quarterfinals of the national indoors. Brad Pomeroy and Raian Luchici reached the finals of the 2005 All-American Championships and the semifinals of the 2005 ITA National Indoors and earned the No. 1 collegiate ranking in doubles in the 2006 preseason in the process. The duo ended the season as All-America selections, ranked No. 6 in the country. In the fall of 2008, Clay Donato and Taylor Fogleman reached the semifinals of the All-American Championships.
A 1983 graduate of Presbyterian College with a Bachelor of Science degree in applied psychology, Paul also played tennis for the Blue Hose for two years. He has a 1981 Associate of Arts degree with a concentration in business from Anderson (S.C.) College, where he played tennis as a freshman and sophomore. In 2008, Paul received the Bob Waters Award from Presbyterian College given to distinguished alumni of the institution.
In addition to coaching at Richmond, Paul also served as an assistant coach for the tennis teams at Trinity University for one year and at the University of South Carolina for three years.
Coach Paul married Rebecca Dirksen, a Dartmouth College alumna, on September 12, 2009. Dirksen works in the real estate field and also was an assistant women's tennis coach at UNC for two years in the early 2000s. The couple celebrated the birth of their first child, a daughter, Madeline Jane Paul, on January 22, 2011.
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- Premier League
Fergie scoffs at Scholes retirement talk
Sir Alex Ferguson has denied reports that an era at Manchester United will end with Paul Scholes and Ryan Giggs retiring in the summer and Rio Ferdinand leaving the club.
The United manager said Giggs, the club's longest-serving footballer, could play on into his 40s as he tipped the 39-year-old Welshman to continue his 22-season first-team career at Old Trafford for another couple of years.
And he praised Ferdinand for his form while rejecting talk that the famously quiet Scholes, 38, would have told outsiders he was planning to quit next year.
Ferguson said: "I would be surprised if Paul had spoken to someone without speaking to me - and he hasn't - so we can dismiss that."
All three are out of contract next summer but Giggs and Scholes have only signed one-year deals in recent years while Ferguson has previously hinted that Ferdinand, who turned 34 last month, could extend his 10-year stay with United.
Scholes retired for the first time in 2011 and returned in January before signing a contract extension in May and has now made 710 United appearances - a total exceeded by only Giggs and Sir Bobby Charlton.
Giggs was also reported to be considering retirement but Ferguson said the winger, who has made 921 appearances since he debuted in 1991, might still be playing in the 2014-15 campaign.
He explained: "Ryan could play for another year or two. Rio has been terrific. The speculation comes from our policy of only giving older players one-year contracts."

subset: commoncrawl


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Tagged: Ramona Quimby
Notable Centennials: Events From 1916
The Ossuary at the Verdun Battlefield in France contains the remains of more than 100,000 people who died, both French and German, in the 1916 battle. Photo by John Blower/Flickr
Welcome to 2016! We like to observe anniversaries, especially major ones–like centennials, or centenaries. Here are a few events, both sad and happy, that occurred in 1916:
- Much of the world was embroiled in the Great War (WWI), but the U.S. was trying to avoid being dragged into it. Verdun was the big battle in France; it lasted ten months. There were other battles, including the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Jutland/Skagerrak. President Wilson was re-elected on the platform of staying out of the war. However, early 1917, Pres. Wilson requests a declaration of war.
- Pancho Villa and about 1,500 men leave Mexico and make a raid in New Mexico. U.S. General "Black Jack" Pershing chases Villa back into Mexico. What was up with this? It's something I'd like to know more about.
- James Herriot, author of All Creatures Great and Small, was born on March 10 (or Oct. 3 or Oct. 13–I've seen all three dates). He was one of my favorite authors when I was about twelve. I wanted to be a veterinarian, partly because of his stories.
- One of the best movie actors ever–Gregory Peck–was born on April 5.
- Beverly Cleary, author of the Ramona books (among others) was born on April 12. Her character, Ramona Quimby, is one of my all-time favorite characters.
- Explorer Ernest Shackleton and all his crew from the Endurance escape–and survive–from their entrapment in Antarctic ice.
- The National Park Service was created on Aug. 25.
- Jeannette Rankin (R-Montana) is the first elected congresswoman on Nov. 11.
- And, finally, James L. Kraft patents tinned processed cheese. The following year, these tins of cheese, produced by Kraft and his brothers, become food for WWI soldiers.
I've barely scratched the surface. What other 1916 events would you add?


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Beginning this week, the Bureau of Reclamation will begin the annual flip-flop operation in the Yakima Basin by gradually reducing flows out of Cle Elum Reservoir in the Upper Yakima River Basin and increasing flows from Rimrock Reservoir in the Tieton and Naches River basins.
The purpose of the flip-flop operation is to maintain relatively low flows in the spring Chinook salmon spawning areas in the upper Yakima, Cle Elum and Bumping rivers.
"These lower river flows will be maintained during the winter and successfully keep the egg nests covered," Yakima Project River Operations Supervisor Chuck Garner said. "Operating the system this way also helps to reduce impacts on irrigation water supply by keeping reservoirs as full as possible for the next season."
This process also involves diverting water on Sept. 6 down the Kittitas Reclamation District's Spillway 1146 into the Yakima River near Thorp.
Bureau of Reclamation crews will install buoys around the area where Spillway 1146 water enters the Yakima River. The buoys will remain until about Oct. 20.
For safety reasons, recreationists are advised to portage around this area and stay out of the turbulent flows.
Beginning today, Tuesday, water flows out of the Cle Elum Reservoir of about 3,000 cubic-feet-per-second will gradually decrease to about 200 cfs by about Sept. 15.
Flows from Rimrock Reservoir are expected to increase to over 2,000 cfs by mid-September and could possibly reach 2,500 cfs depending on irrigation demands and weather conditions.
The flip-flop process also includes increasing flows out of Kachess Reservoir, while decreasing flows out of Keechelus and Bumping reservoirs.
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Humble Bundles Games, Soundtracks for Cancer Relief
March 13, 2014 - The still-growing bundle will help an ailing member of the gaming industry, plus SEGA is packaging great games.
Low Sales Kill Alpha Protocol Sequel
July 6, 2010 - Alpha Protocol is one and done. SEGA West president Mike Hayes confirmed the company isn't looking to do another game in the series due to the low sales of the first title.
Game Scoop!: The Infamous Podcast
June 4, 2010 - Welcome back to Game Scoop!, your weekly dose of gaming news and massive LOLZ. Your shepherds this week will be Daemon Hatfield, Greg Miller, Charles Onyett, and Ryan Clements. News-wise this week has sort of been the calm before the E3 storm, but you know we can always find crazy crap to talk about.
SEGA's Espionage Role Playing Game Alpha Protocol Arrives in North America
June 2, 2010 - n Alpha Protocol the player is Michael Thornton, a rookie spy tasked with tracking down a group of fanatical terrorists behind a tragic missile attack on a passenger jetliner. Soon though, Thorton discovers there are much more devious forces at work, and before he realizes it, he is pulled into a dark and dangerous conspiracy orchestrated by ruthless, corrupt businessmen determined to control the fate of the world. He must use every tool and skill at his disposal to stop a cartel hell bent on shaping the world as they see fit.
Alpha Protocol Review
June 1, 2010 - Obsidian's made a name for itself over the years for taking on the daunting task of producing sequels to complex, high profile role-playing games. First it was Knights of the Old Republic II, then Neverwinter Nights 2, and soon we'll see what the studio is able to do with Fallout: New Vegas. With Alpha Protocol, though, we get an entirely new game. There aren't any preconceived notions: no established fan base, no gameplay systems that need to be preserved. Finally, this is a chance to see what Obsidian can do on its own terms. Unfortunately, it wasn't worth the wait. It's a wobbly, inconsistent game that gets a few things right, but is filled with so many awkward and glitchy bits you get the feeling that it should have spent some more time behind closed doors.
Alpha Protocol Interview
May 13, 2010 - The hugely ambitious spy RPG is just around the corner. We quiz Obsidian on what gamers can expect.
SEGA's Alpha Protocol Goes Gold
May 4, 2010 - SEGA is very pleased to announce today that Obsidians's espionage RPG "Alpha Protocol" has gone gold and is headed off to manufacturing. Alpha Protocol is scheduled for release on June 1 in North America and in Europe on May 28 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PC.
Alpha Protocol "Stealth Weapons Pack" Available Only at Best Buy
April 27, 2010 - In Obsidian's Alpha Protocol, your number one weapon is choice. And, everyone knows that out on the battlefield, surrounded by enemies with death potentially lurking around every corner, even the best of the best agents are still going to need all the firepower they can get their hands on. Which is why today we're excited to announce that when players pre-order Alpha Protocol at Best Buy they will guarantee that their copy will have the code to download the exclusive "Stealth Weapons Pack". This pack contains the Hamilton Marksman High-Accuracy Pistol, the Samael Typhoon High Recoil Control SMG and a bonus arsenal of ammo and mines, all designed to make every agent's mission that much more fun – and deadly for anyone that gets in their way.
Xbox 360 Games of Spring 2010
March 24, 2010 - It's time to open the windows, take off your tuque, and climb out from under that quilt. Spring is here and IGN is ready to point you towards the best games coming to the Xbox 360 in early 2010.
SEGA'S Alpha Protocol to Hit Stores on June 1st, 2010 in North America
February 25, 2010 - "The wait has been worth it. It is time for an RPG to go beyond fantasy and space," said Sean Ratcliffe, Vice President of Marketing for SEGA of America. "The genre needs a shot in the arm, and renowned developer Obsidian has delivered. Alpha Protocol will be the absolute best it can be, and we look forward to revealing fresh aspects of it to the community in the upcoming months."
Alpha Protocol Coming Soon
February 24, 2010 - SEGA and Obsidian have sent word to IGN that Alpha Protocol, originally slated to come out in 2009, will be releasing in the first half of this year. Depending upon where you live, you'll have the chance to snag the upcoming RPG from the maker's of Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic 2 at different dates.
2010 Delayed Game Guide
February 9, 2010 - As publishers scrambled to avoid the media event known as Modern Warfare 2, many 2009 releases slipped into the following year. Now, 2010 already has a more crowded release schedule than we've seen in years… possibly ever. Once again, publishers are trying to tip-toe around a crowded market with their big games, and that means some titles have once again shuffled around on the calendar. To keep you updated on what you can expect to play in 2010 we've compiled these delayed games in once handy list.
SEGA Comments on Alpha Protocol Delay
October 15, 2009 - EGA has finally made it official. Alpha Protocol has been delayed and is now scheduled to ship in Spring 2010. The publisher changed the release date of the game last week from its October date to Spring 2010 on its website, but would not offer up any official comment at the time.
Alpha Protocol Delayed to 2010
October 6, 2009 - Sega has finally given Alpha Protocol, its self-proclaimed spy RPG, a new release window. According to the company's official website, Alpha Protocol is now slated for a Spring 2010, confirming retailer delays from a few weeks ago.
Alpha Protocol Delayed?
September 28, 2009 - SEGA and Obsidian's Alpha Protocol could be facing a delay, with retailers listing a new release date of June 2010.
Alpha Protocol: The First Three Hours
August 24, 2009 - Obsidian's Alpha Protocol hasn't been getting a ton of buzz, but perhaps that's because no one's had a chance to play a significant portion of the game. Well, that's changed. I had a go at the first few hours of Alpha Protocol recently, charging my way through the Saudi Arabia missions. There are a lot of promising things in Alpha Protocol, but a few troubling issues as well.
IGN Mailbag: August 10, 2009
August 10, 2009 - Here at IGN, we get lots of email from readers, and we work hard to delete it all. But due to the recent installation of advanced mail deletion countermeasures by our corporate overlords, some of your correspondence has actually managed to creep into our inboxes. Huzzah!
Alpha Protocol Preview
July 28, 2009 - Think RPG and you'd be forgiven for conjuring up images of spiky haired protagonists, fire-spitting dragons and hours upon hours of interminable stat-tracking (alternatively, you might start dreaming of rocket propelled grenades, in which case we'd advise you to stop reading this preview and get back to your copy of Soldier of Fortune). Only the most frenzied mind would think of silenced pistols, covert operations and international politics – but that's what Obsidian's done with Alpha Protocol, a modern day RPG that succeeds in breaking any mould you might care to cast on it.
Announcing GameStop's and Gamecrazy's Exclusive Alpha Protocol Pre-Order Specials
July 10, 2009 - Exclusive weapons packs detailed.
Pre-E3 2009: Alpha Protocol Preview
May 30, 2009 - Alpha Protocol has a terrible name and, unfortunately, a lot of editors in the office and many of our readers haven't yet paid much attention to it. I was certainly among the many that couldn't care less when this game was announced or first shown. But that's changed after getting an extensive preview of the E3 build. Three things caught my interest: This is a spy RPG (how rare is that?), it doesn't rely on a morality system for its branching paths and it's uber geeky. If you're one of those RPG gamers who love spending lots of time debating how to upgrade their character, then read on.


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Thank you, Tom Menino, for taking the time to wade in on Elizabeth Warren's real or imagined Native American heritage, for letting us know that we need not be concerned about it because there are more important issues to confront, things like crime, education, and jobs.
It sounded so adult, so mature, that I wanted to stand up and shout, "Hear, hear! Finally, a voice of sanity in the asylum.'' But there's one small problem with Menino's point, and that problem is this: Our normally sage mayor is wrong.
Of course, the stubbornly mediocre economy, fair taxes, the partisan rift that is swallowing Washington whole, these are all critical issues that should be discussed and debated almost every day in this US Senate campaign.
But let's not ever lose sight of one true thing in this or any other political race: The most important issues are the candidates themselves, and more specifically, their integrity, credibility, and authenticity.
Which is why Elizabeth Warren's Cherokee ancestry, almost certainly declared on federal forms by Warren herself and used by a pair of Ivy League universities to tout their diversity efforts, all without an ounce of proof that she has a drop of Indian blood flowing through her veins, matters. It matters a great deal.
Speaking as adults here, the elephant in the room is whether Warren wrongly claimed minority status to improve her prospects for being hired to teach at Harvard Law School, and before that, the University of Pennsylvania Law School. The more obvious question might even be, why else would she have done it?
The public utterances of this uncommonly accomplished and otherwise eloquent candidate have so far ranged from lunacy to comedy, highlighted by her explanation about wanting to "meet others like me'' and her recollection of an aunt describing her grandfather's "high cheekbones.''
Privately, her campaign is working to come up with better answers to obvious questions about whether she really has a Cherokee background, where she declared it, and why, knowing she has to address it head on. This can't happen soon enough. It's never good when aides are furiously researching their own candidate in the throes of a competitive race, but it's better than the alternative, which is a near-daily dose of inconvenient revelations.
The ultimate answer over whether she used her questionable heritage to gain undue advantage may say more about Warren than she probably wants us to know. Continued silence and roadblocks on hiring records will prove just as bad.
Warren does have something in her favor in this surprisingly slippery, occasionally slimy, and deeply unsatisfying Senate race, something that rivals her experience as the nation's best known consumer advocate: her opponent, Scott Brown. He's the eminently likable guy in the pickup truck who accuses "Professor Warren" of being an "elitist" nearly every day, with no mention of his million-dollar book advance or his degrees from the elite institutions of Tufts University and Boston College Law School.
He often takes inexplicable twists and turns on his way to declaring 11th-hour stands on issues, sometimes after the outcome has been decided by everybody else. Massachusetts is used to leaders; Brown seems to be an accomplished follower.
And he's the one who keeps fanning the flames of Indiangate, though he could easily leave the rightful questions to an already skeptical news media. As it is, he looks like he's furiously trying to change the subject from all those campaign contributions he's gobbled up on Wall Street while opposing any tax hikes for corporations and the wealthiest Americans.
All of which means that as far as integrity, authenticity, and credibility, Brown is not without issues of his own.
Maybe this is just what politics has become in this era of subtraction and division. If these two don't step it up, there will be a long summer and fall ahead.Brian McGrory is a Globe columnist. He can be reached at email@example.com.


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Wonderfully indecent pictures from famous scribblers and anonymous talents alike (TASCHEN's 25th anniversary special edition) From the dawn of time, ever since Adam and Eve, all artists of every age'whether the Egyptian, Greek and Roman artists of Antiquity, or more recent famous names as Rembrandt, Courbet, Degas or Picasso'have succumbed to their fantasies, obsessions and libido, and produced erotic works that the censors have taken good care to keep from the public. For Erotica, we surface from the subterranean realms of the museums to enter those of our national and private libraries. Here we discover that not only most of our famous writers, such as Ovid, Aretino, Voltaire, Verlaine or Maupassant, wrote erotic texts that bordered on indecency, but also that great artists like Boucher, Fragonard, Dal? or Matisse were inspired to provide suitable illustrations for these naughty books. Special anniversary edition of highlights from our Erotica Universalis collection!Neret, Gilles is the author of 'Erotica Universalis ' with ISBN 9783822841020 and ISBN 3822841021.[read more]
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Indicative Rate * AU$145 to AU$215
Roma Explorers Inn is not only a motel but also offers superb dining facilities with their 100 plus seat restaurant and bar as well as casual breakfast dining in the Outback Café. Situated only two kilometres from the centre of town, Explorers Inn offers comfortable and spacious, guest rooms, all ground floor with undercover car-parking right outside your door.
All rooms have flat screen televisions with Foxtel, free WiFi, fridges with complimentary water bottles, reverse cycle air-conditioning and comfortable queen or king size beds.
For those looking for luxury, they offer the Spa rooms with king size bed and huge spa bath, or the Deluxe Executive King rooms with king size bed, robe and slippers and complimentary mini-bar.
Note: Information on listed products and services are provided by the operator and were correct at the time of publishing. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator's website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD).


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Hooray! Should I crack the grains of paradise? And Hmm chamomile... I may pick some up tomorrow. And Jeff- how do you prepare the poblanos and when do you add them?
Thanks that is good to know. I find it unpleasant when I'm like- "oh that's coriander." Love it in food. Not in my beer. I'm thinking not this time either! The coriander seeds are harvested from the garden though. Amazing how many a single plant produces.Dry chile-ing ? Thought that might be the route. Poblanos are in season too!


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To sum up Stella McCartney in a few words would be easy: simple, clean, feminine-sporty, vegan. Though Stella McCartney may have found a winning formula that she's stuck with, it doesn't mean that a collection via her hand is predictable. Like any really stylish woman we know, she's consistent (and it's no coincidence that the whole sporty, boxy, working-woman thing is trending right now.... Stella's led that charge).
One of her oft-used elements, sheer panels, showed up in the collection again with a new take on colorblocking, and it looked more like pools of paint on tracing paper than a Mondrian painting — sexy but nothing in your face about it (just how we like it). She tackled sheer again with over-skirts, roomy sweatshirts, and even open-toed stretch-top slip-ons (hello 1999). Without any OTT accessories or "creative" layering, Stella really let each individual piece sing and her simple styling take center stage.


text: On Wed, 20 Jun 2001, Ben DeLong wrote: > I'm going crazy here because I know I have seen the answer to this > question on this list before but I can't seem to find it. :( You should be using the vortex at scyld.com list for questions about the 3Com Vortex/Hurricane/Cylcone/etc. Ethernet adapters. > I am using 3COM 3cSOHO100-TX network cards to build a small test > cluster. When I power my nodes on, my network switch indicates a 100Mb > connection to the cards. However when the network connections are > activated in the boot sequence, the light on the switch changes to > indicate a 10Mb connection. What needs to be done in order to run the > network at 100Mb? Nothing. As in "less than you are doing now". Overriding the transceiver setting to an one invalid for your specific board will cause the transceiver to work at 10baseT speed only. There is a check for this misconfiguration in current driver versions, but older drivers would configure the NIC as specified. Read http://www.scyld.com/network/vortex.html Donald Becker becker at scyld.com Scyld Computing Corporation http://www.scyld.com 410 Severn Ave. Suite 210 Second Generation Beowulf Clusters Annapolis MD 21403 410-990-9993


text: Forum Rules : Outlawed VeteransRules: 1. Do not spam the forum with advertising for other community's, goods, services or other without prior approval by the community team! 2. All forum users are expected to show a good attitude and show respect. No use of racial, offensive or other comments that could be considered offensive towards another user on this forum. Do not post any porno-graphical content or content that could be interpreted as being 'pornographic'. 3. The community team is in charge of all main decisions taken in and around the forum. 4. The use of this forum is a favor, not a right5. The forum user accept that these conditions can be changed without prior notice. 6. The forum user expressly disclaims any claim against the owners or operators of this website.7. A forum user can create multiple accounts on the condition that they are not used to Infringement these conditions.8. Material protected by copyright and / or private correspondence shouldn't be placed without the consent of the owner / person.9. The content of the messages or referred external sites are not under the responsibility of the administrator, unless the message was drafted by him. The administrator can not be held responsible for the content of messages from other forum users.10. Neither Outlawed-Veterans.com nor its staff can be held liable for any damages that might result from the postings, links or advertisements.11. By creating a forum account, the user undertakes to live by these rules without any exception. A user can be removed on request from the forum database, however, the Community Team reserves the right to modify the content of your posted messages - if necessary after anonymisation - to leave them on the site.12. By creating a forum account, the user accepts the fact cookies will be used in order for the website and forum to run properly. This can also be 3rd party cookies from advertising blocks or partners within the OV organisation.13. Creation of leaving posts or other topics/posts that are going in such direction will be closed or deleted as there is no need to make such topics. These forum rules will be strictly enforced by the community team. Questions and remarks should be made towards the community team.


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Shanghai GRAND SLAM | 30 April - 5 May 2013
Shanghai, China, May 1, 2013 – Reunited Salgado sisters from Brazil held off a strong late challenge from Austria's Barbara Hansel/Katharina Schutzenhofer on Wednesday to lead eight qualifying teams into the 2013 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour Shanghai Grand Slam women's Main Draw.
Playing together again after Carolina gave birth to a baby boy last year, Maria Clara and Carolina Solberg Salgado failed to qualify for the Main Draw in the season-opening Fuzhou Open but this time they did not let the chance slip away, beating the Austrains 21-16 and 22-20 in the second and last round of the women's Qualification Tournament.
Having closed the first set with a comfortable five-point margin, the Qualification Tournament top seeded Brazilians overcame a 15-13 deficit and beat off one set point to level it at 20-all in the second set. Carolina then pulled off two outstanding blocks against Schutzenhofer in succession to wrap up the match in 41 minutes.
"We are really happy to make the Main Draw, we did not play very well in Fuzhou, " said Maria. "After one year's split, we really needed and wanted to get back and play together again."
"I returned to beach volleyball one month after giving birth to my child and I practiced very hard, " said Carolina.
Maria and Carolina vowed to play better together as a team in the Main Draw. "I think we will just take it game by game, not thinking too much about the result but trying to play better, and we can play better together, " Maria added.
Canada's ninth seeds Jamie Lynn Broder/Kristina Valjas posted a pair of qualifying victories including a come-from-behind 2-1 (15-21, 21-18, 15-9) win over eighth seeds Andrea and Claudia Galindo from Columbia to secure their berth in the women's Main Draw starting on Thursday.
"Feeling pretty good, it's always nice to make it into the Main Draw," said Broder. "Qualifiers are a battle. We definitely got tested today, but we're happy to pull off a win in the end.
"The wind picked up a lot in the afternoon so we had to get our bearings a little bit there and we were making a few more unforced errors than we wanted to so it was just about controlling our side and finding our style of play."
Tandems from the United States pulled off the major upsets in the women's Quaflification Tournament as the 13th seeds Jennifer Fopma/Brooke Sweat and 14th seeds Emily Day/Brittany Hochevar eliminated fourth seeds Miller Elwin/Henriette Iatika of Vanuatu and third seeds Heather Bansley/Elizabeth Maloney from Canada respectively in the second and final round. The Netherlands also advanced two teams into the Main Draw, namely the 10th seeds Jolien Sinnema/Michelle Stiekema and 12th seeds Jantine van der Vlist/Marloes Wesselink.
The other teams making the women's Main Draw are Emilia Nystrom/Erika Nystrom from Finland and Kinga Kolosinska/Monika Brzostek of Poland.
Featuring defending champions Xue Chen/Zhang Xi from China, the women's Main Draw tournament will start on Thursday. Thirty-two teams will play a single round robin in eight groups with top three finishers from each group to advance to the 24-team knockout stage.
The double gender Shanghai Grand Slam is the first of a FIVB-record 10 Grand Slam events on the 2013 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour calendar.
05.05.2013 11:33:34
Talita/Taiana land Shanghai Grand Slam title in style
Shanghai, China, May 5, 2013 – Two-time Shanghai Open champion Talita Antunes da Rocha of Brazil and her new partner Taiana de Souza Lima clean swept ... More...
04.05.2013 12:44:57
Gibb/Patterson win blocking battle to claim Shanghai Grand Slam title
Shanghai, China, May 4, 2013 – Jake Gibb and Casey Patterson of the United States won an entertaining blocking battle against Brazil's Pedro Solberg S... More...
04.05.2013 10:10:31
Salgado sisters revenge Xue/Zhang to reach Shanghai semis
Shanghai, China, May 4, 2013 – Brazilian qualifiers Maria Clara Salgado Rufino/Carolina Solberg Salgado took a sweet revenge on defending champions Xu... More...
03.05.2013 13:41:31
Ricardo/Alvaro lead two Brazilian teams into Shanghai semis
03.05.2013 13:39:50
Top teams march into Shanghai Grand Slam women's top 16
02.05.2013 13:57:29
Chinese newcomers upset former Shanghai Open champions
02.05.2013 10:41:21
Brouwer/Meeuwsen repeat pool winning feat in Shanghai
01.05.2013 13:06:27
Pedro/Bruno beat German dark horses to top Shanghai pool
30.04.2013 14:38:10
Plavins finding his feet with new partner Peda
30.04.2013 12:16:10
Expect a Fuzhou-repeat in Shanghai - Laciga
30.04.2013 10:16:08
German qualifiers upset Rogers/Doherty to make Shanghai Grand Slam Main Draw
29.04.2013 16:04:37
Rogers spearheads Shanghai Grand Slam men's qualifiers
29.04.2013 14:37:40
Brazil and Netherlands withdraw from Shanghai Grand Slam
29.04.2013 12:45:14
Outstanding season start as World Tour begins in Shanghai
16.04.2013 11:25:37
World champs looking for better Shanghai performance
15.04.2013 18:49:00
Teams confirmed for Shanghai Grand Slam
12.04.2013 16:42:49
Shanghai national federation list now online
04.04.2013 18:46:17
Shanghai hosts opening Grand Slam of 2013


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Hi Octane Sailing
I recently had the opportunity to get out and sail on the first hull of the Hi Octane sailing catamaran. The design was originally concieved as the successor to the popular Malcolm Tennant Blade Runner Sailing Catamarans. Fitted with a bit carbon rig and carbon cross beams she was a full on racing machine.
The first boat built has had a few modifications to suit the owners tastes for a retirement project which would still be capable of some serious speed. To keep it within budget the carbon fibre went out the door, and a solid flat deck was added aft to make it a bit more cruiser friendly. The result has got me really impressed, and I took the first opportunity I could to take the boat out for a sail on a couple of stunning days in Auckland and she has reminded me what joy these big boats are to sale.
In relatively light winds she ghosts along lightly, slowly building apparent until she was in a class of he own on the harbour. Other than the America's cup boys and some skiffs out on the harbour there was nothing we could not overtake, and finished the day in a jaunt back up the harbour at 12-18 knots of boat speed. Sailing single handed (while the owner had a coffee) I happly jumped around pulling lines, adjusting and trimming while grinning from ear to ear. (come on who doesn't like that part of Waterworld)
There is something pretty magical about an open bridge deck sailing catamaran like this that makes it one of the best ways to get around! The sense of speed and freedom, all round visibility and the awesome power of the rig send the boat surging forward at the slightly provactation, and all this while sitting on a comfortable seat with a coffee in hand!
At times like that you can't help thinking about 'the next boat' and what could be done with a little bit more budget. Perhaps a little bit longer, maybe a touch more cabin to help convince the family of her cruisability? If I was going to build a new boat then there was no way I would get away with also buying a sports car so the boat would have to take that roll as well. Best to put a bit more sail area on there as well to counter the increase in accomodation and put pen to paper.............


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Fallen swimming star Geoff Huegill says he's daunted by the prospect of one day explaining to his young daughters that their parents were busted with cocaine.
Huegill, 35, and his publicist wife, Sara, 30, were given six-month good behaviour bonds at Waverley Local Court on Wednesday after they pleaded guilty to possessing the drug at the Randwick races in Sydney.
Magistrate Clare Farnan cited their "exceptional character" in her decision to record no criminal conviction.
But she said it was disturbing that Huegill, who was looked up to in the community, would use illicit drugs.
"It's even more of a mystery for someone with so much to lose like you do," Ms Farnan said.
During proceedings, Huegill, dressed in a navy suit, sat expressionless next to Sara, who wore all black.
Police stopped the two-time Olympic medallist on April 26 as he emerged from the disabled bathroom at a private function at the autumn racing carnival.
He was carrying a small quantity of cocaine.
The couple's lawyer, Dean Woodbury, said Sara volunteered to officers she was also carrying the drug.
"This is going to live with them, unfortunately, for the rest of their lives," Mr Woodbury said.
Outside court, the Huegills said the ordeal had been extremely stressful.
"We have let down a lot of people, those who supported us and trusted us," Huegill told reporters.
"That's the part that hurts us the most."
He said it would be difficult to explain the incident to their daughters, aged two-and-a-half and four months.
"Whilst they are quite young at the moment, at some stage in the future both Sara and I are going to have to have this conversation with our girls," he said.
"Hopefully, their lives won't be affected."
Huegill is the latest former Australian swimmer to fall from grace, after fellow Sydney Olympians Ian Thorpe and Grant Hackett spent time in rehab this year.
Huegill won silver and bronze medals at the Sydney Games before retiring after the 2004 Olympics in Athens.
The butterfly swimmer lost more than 40kg to make a comeback in the pool and won two gold medals at the 2010 Commonwealth Games before missing out on the London Olympic team.
He married Sara in 2011.


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Lois Lowry is too fine a writer to write a bad book. But no writer is too great for stumbling, as she demonstrates in her long-awaited, young adult novel "Son,'' the last in the "Giver" quartet.
"The Giver,'' the first book in the series, won the 1994 Newbery Medal and became an instant classic. The book inhabits a dystopia and follows a 12-year-old named Jonas whose job is to be the memory for a community committed to peaceful, if passionless, forgetfulness. The book is notable for its remarkable characterizations and quick pacing. It is also famous for its ambiguous ending, which has haunted young readers for years.
"Gathering Blue'' (2000) and "The Messenger'' (2004) were the next two installments. Both share the same dystopian world as "The Giver,'' take place within about eight years after the events of the series opener, and share some characters.
This newest book, "Son,'' claims to be a sequel in a far more direct way. Yet to call it a true sequel is misleading. It is not primarily dystopian, nor does it revolve around the first book's main characters, and it leaves more questions unanswered than resolved.
"Son'' centers around Claire, birth mother of baby Gabriel, whom Jonas risked his life to try to save at the end of "The Giver.'' When we first meet Claire, she is more or less happily a part of her dystopic society. However, her dictated role of birth mother lacks prestige. After a complicated birth, Claire is transferred to a fish hatchery, but she remains haunted by the memory of the son she bore, with the rest of the novel largely dedicated to her search to find him.
"Son'' may be Lowry's most heartbreakingly autobiographical novel, as Lowry lost a son in a US Air Force plane crash. Claire's sense of loss and her frantic, loving, and determined search fuels the sense of hunger that permeates the book.
By a fluke — and a plot hole, one of several — Claire isn't put back on the pills that will numb her like her friends and co-workers. Determined to find her son, she escapes by boat and ends up shipwrecked on a remote and primitive outpost. Like a fairy tale character, she must climb a virtual glass mountain and meet a deadly foe before she can hope to find Gabriel.
This first section of the book recalls "The Giver'': quick, subtle, rhythmic, compelling.
The second portion — roughly 140 pages — is dedicated to her time in the isolated land, and her physical training which resembles a mix of "Rocky'' and "The Karate Kid.'' This middle section, however, drags, and the writing and imagery are filled with cliché.
"Claire stood silent, awed by the music, puzzled by the concept of love, and moved by both the solemnity and the celebration of the occasion."
Jonas, when we meet him 15 years later, has become distressingly dull, married to a motherly woman who bakes pies. Readers looking for hints of the angry, anxious, driven 12-year-old hero will be disappointed. During his time as Leader "he had gently but firmly reminded the villagers that they had all been outsiders once. They had all come here for a new life. Eventually they had voted to remain what they had become: a sanctuary, a place of welcome."
If all this sounds a bit preachy, it is. But much is redeemed when we pull out of these middle doldrums and into a galloping end, which plays to Lowry's strength as a fantasy writer who can make the fantastical seem grippingly real.
"Son'' is an imperfect book, hampered by its over-elaborations and pacing, but it nonetheless has moments of beauty, plot surprises, and a ringing conclusion. At one point the teenage Gabriel says, "This is slower going than I thought it would be." I have to agree — but overall the journey is still worth the effort.Liz Rosenberg, the author of, most recently, "Tyrannosaurus Dad,'' teaches at Binghamton University. She can be reached at email@example.com.


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Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Department of Surgery offers a broad array of educational opportunities for surgeons at all levels of training. The department is dedicated to excellence in education through each of these programs.
Undergraduate medical education includes a primary commitment to The Weill Medical College of Cornell University, providing opportunities for fourth year medical student surgical electives. Medical students from across the nation and the world also take advantage of the rotations on any of the 12 surgical services at Memorial Sloan Kettering.
Graduate medical education is an important foundation for the preeminence of the hospital. Resident education spans the years PGY1 through PGY5. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has surgical residents in General Surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Urology rotating from New York Hospital and numerous other surgical programs. Resident research fellowships are available in many surgical specialties. Specialty surgical fellowships are offered concentrating on oncology training in Breast, Colorectal, Dental, Gynecology, Head and Neck, Hepatobiliary, Neurosurgery, Orthopaedic Surgery, Pediatric Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery. The Department of Surgery at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center supports the training of over 50 fellows per year in our world-renowned programs of intense surgical education in the multidisciplinary care of the cancer patient.
Continuing medical education is offered in the form of numerous surgical specialty conferences throughout the week. These are organized in a disease management setting, emphasizing the multidisciplinary care of the cancer patient as representatives from surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, radiology and other specialties meet to discuss patients and issues of common interest. National and international observers are given opportunities to see the nature of cancer care provided by the surgical teams at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Postdoctoral research fellowships in surgical laboratories at the Sloan Kettering Institute are yet another important portion of the comprehensive program opportunities. The Department of Surgery sponsors many local, national, and international annual conferences on a broad range of surgical oncology topics in an effort to extend the understanding of the management of the cancer patient.
Program development and redesign characterizes the Office of Surgical Education, which provides administrative direction and oversight for this broad range of programs. The programs attempt to meet the vision of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center as it seeks to meet the challenge of the progressive control and cure of cancer.


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You can add one more Providence representative to the festivities at the 2009 AHL All-Star Game in Worcester, as winger Martins Karsums was selected today to the PlanetUSA AHL All-Star roster as a reserve for the Jan. 26 game.
Karsums joins Providence teammates Martin St. Pierre and Johnny Boychuk, who were both selected as Canadian All-Star reserves Tuesday, as P-Bruins tabbed for inclusion on the rosters. This season with the P-Bruins, Karsums has posted 15-28-38 totals and a plus-4 rating in 37 games. He made his NHL debut when he played his first and only game with Boston Dec. 13 against Atlanta. Karsums is one of 19 first-time All-Stars.
One name conspicuous by its absence is that of Providence goaltender Tuukka Rask, who is 16-12-0 with a 2.45 goals-against average and .918 save percentage this season. Perhaps Rask will make it as an injury replacement between now and the game later this month.


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Developing innovative efforts to reduce crime and social disorder is an integral part of modern police work. Police agencies that undertake such interventions should consider advertising their work and ideas. Departments can help remove crime opportunities by teaching and encouraging the public to adopt better self-protection measures, or they can warn offenders of increased police vigilance or improved police practices. When designed properly, publicity campaigns can offer police departments another problem-solving tool in the fight against crime.
There are many different ways that the public can learn about a police crime-prevention initiative. There could be a news story detailing the initiative, people may hear about it through word of mouth, or newspaper editorials may mention it. All of these "sources" do in fact publicize the initiative, but there is little control over the content or its portrayal. To separate this kind of general information from a crime prevention publicity campaign, the term crime prevention publicity should refer to:
This definition focuses on clearly defined efforts that incorporate information with practical crime prevention measures.
Publicity serves to pass relevant information to potential offenders and victims. Informing a community about a crime problem, introducing target-hardening measures, or warning of increased police patrols can lead to an increase in self-protection and/or a decrease in offenses.
The figure below shows the impact of a stand-alone (no publicity component) crime prevention strategy aimed at offenders. While the initiative does manage to deter or help police apprehend a segment of the offending population, many offenders remain unaffected. This is partly because in this kind of scenario, the crime prevention benefits are limited to those who have heard about the operation or who have been directly affected by it.
In the following figure, a complementary publicity campaign advertises the same crime prevention strategy. Through the advertisement, however, a bigger segment of the population hears about the strategy, and more crime reduction results.
Publicity campaigns in crime prevention operate much like advertising campaigns in the private sector. Commercial advertisements are intended to persuade a target audience to buy a particular product by publicizing information meant to appeal to that audience. Effective commercial advertisements therefore sway customers to change their behavior, usually by buying something. When it comes to crime prevention, the same dynamics are at work. Those targeted by the intervention (offenders and victims alike) need to be exposed to information that will influence their future decision-making processes. The key is to devise proper campaigns and to match the message to the audience. There are numerous ways to use publicity, and agencies can benefit from succinct and properly designed campaigns to support crime prevention efforts. This guide's purpose is to help local police plan and implement effective publicity campaigns by exploring their benefits and pitfalls.
Police agencies should not blindly resort to publicity campaigns or rely on them to replace proper police interventions. While it may be tempting to adopt publicity campaigns to support police efforts, such attempts should incorporate proper planning and adequate implementation. A poorly designed publicity campaign may inadvertently increase fear of crime, with undesired consequences such as vigilantism. Police agencies should also refrain from relying on publicity campaigns as a generic response to crime problems. Randomly posting signs advising residents to lock their cars is unlikely to reduce a city's car theft problem. Publicity campaigns should always complement police initiatives, and police departments should be wary of relying on publicity alone to combat crime.
Police should also remember that repeatedly relying on campaigns meant to scare offenders without implementing concrete programs or enforcement is essentially "crying wolf," which harms police-community relations and causes no crime reduction.
Before mounting a crime prevention publicity campaign, police should carefully analyze the crime problem. For instance, if a burglary analysis indicates that victims would benefit the most from prevention information, then a campaign is more likely to succeed by focusing on educating victims. Agencies should therefore undertake a publicity campaign only in the context of a broader response to a problem.
Police publicity campaigns target two main audiences: potential victims and offenders. Law enforcement agencies should decide which audience to target based on the nature of the problem. For example, if a police department notices that there are numerous preventable property crimes in an area, perhaps a short campaign to remind residents about the importance of securing their belongings could be beneficial. On the other hand, if local youths routinely vandalize cars in a parking lot, a campaign threatening police apprehension would be more effective. However, nothing prevents a dual approach whereby two campaigns run simultaneously, one to reduce the number of potential victims, and the other to deter offenders.1The figure below illustrates this concept.
When trying to determine the target audience, one should also consider how accessible each audience is. For example, a victim-oriented campaign designed to reduce car break-ins by mailing fliers to local residences is not appropriate if most of the victims are commuters from out of town. Likewise, putting up posters aimed at car thieves in retirement facilities is unlikely to reach the intended audience. Therefore, "audience accessibility" should guide the campaign's direction.
Efforts to reach victims can take one of two forms. Police can try to provide general information to residents concerning crime and its prevention, or they can advertise a specific community program they are undertaking. The goals of general campaigns are to raise awareness in hopes that some members of the public will avoid victimization. The second type of victim campaign focuses on a particular crime and offers victims concrete steps to avoid victimization or reduce their fear of crime.2These campaigns often involve cooperation between the police department and the community in conducting home-security surveys, obtaining steering-wheel locks, or providing classes on various security-enhancing measures. Fliers and newsletters demonstrating techniques to make cars and houses "burglar-proof " are common in these "target-hardening" campaigns.
General publicity campaigns aimed at victims have had limited effectiveness.3A four-month national press and poster campaign tried to educate people about the importance of locking their parked cars, but it failed to change people's behavior.4Another campaign used posters and television spots to remind people to lock their car doors, but it also proved ineffective.5These studies demonstrate that people often pay little attention to crime prevention messages. A common reason given is that potential victims do not feel that it concerns them.6For instance, domestic violence awareness campaigns have to compete with the possibility that women do not want to see themselves as victims.7
Some other explanations include community members' feeling bored by the message, not seeing the message, ignoring the message, or adopting the "it won't happen to me" mentality. Even with extensive campaign coverage, general publicity attempts show meager results. A five-week police campaign showed that "despite an unusually high level of coverage, [the campaign] failed to influence the number of car thefts known to the police or the proportion of drivers locking their cars."8In Canada, a mass media campaign to promote crime prevention relied on radio, television, newspapers, and billboard advertisements. This general campaign attempted to target three different property crimes: vandalism, residential burglary, and theft from automobiles. Although the campaign reached a large segment of the population, only a small number perceived the crime prevention themes as relevant or worthwhile.9
However, victim campaigns that focus on specific crimes and are carried out in small geographic regions seem to be more effective.10They seem to have more success because people feel the messages are more relevant to their immediate situation than are generic warnings about crime. A good example of this type of campaign was carried out by the North Brunswick Police Department in New Jersey. In 1998, the department decided to address auto thefts through a multimedia publicity campaign. The campaign included television public service announcements (PSAs), newsletters from the mayor's office, crime prevention brochures, community bulletin boards, and local billboards, among other measures. The effort also included the donation of free Clubs® from local businesses. By attending local community functions, the police could reach many residents, effectively disseminating specific crime prevention information. One out of three residents reported some contact with the campaign, and of those, nearly all adopted the proposed crime prevention measures, significantly reducing auto crimes.11
Sometimes, victim publicity campaigns reduce crime because they alert offenders that the police are doing something new or are paying more attention to the problem.12While warning offenders is not an intended part of the campaign, the message still reaches them. A property-marking project in the United Kingdom was successful because the publicity surrounding the police intervention inadvertently informed potential burglars that measures were under way to address the problem.13Similarly, a police campaign to reduce car theft by inviting residents to etch a vehicle identification number (VIN) on their cars was an unexpected success because it deterred potential offenders by alerting them to the prevention measure.14
Crime prevention strategies rely on the notion that offenders are rational individuals who seek to maximize their rewards while minimizing their potential costs.15With that premise, giving offenders information about the risks of crime becomes an important component of crime reduction efforts. Police agencies can use publicity to advertise the risks offenders are taking, either by showing the increased level of victim protection (thereby reducing the potential benefits), or by highlighting the legal consequences of crime (increasing the costs). Costs to the offenders can range from bodily harm, to legal sanctions, to societal impacts. Boston's efforts to reduce gun crimes included a publicity component that proved to be quite effective because the campaign's message "delivered a direct and explicit message to violent gangs and groups that violent behavior will no longer be tolerated, and that the group will use any legal means possible to stop the violence."16
Some examples of campaigns focused on legal consequences or making moral appeals include "DON'T DRINK AND DRIVE," "SHOPLIFTING IS A CRIME," and "SPEEDING KILLS." However, evaluations have found that this type of publicity campaign rarely has an impact.17Perhaps, as with victim campaigns, offenders do not take the message seriously, or they do not feel it applies to them and dismiss it as irrelevant. Many offender campaigns are also ineffective because they deliver information at times when people are not committing crimes.18In short, the campaign organizers should ask themselves: "How do we make it relevant to the offenders' immediate situation?"
Publicity campaigns that threaten an increased risk of arrest can be more effective in reducing offending.19Campaigns that threaten only eventual punishment lack the element that plays an important role in the offender's mental equation: the probability of getting caught.20When a police department engages in crime interdiction efforts, the risk of arrest should be the primary advertised message—not the effect of an arrest, but the probability of an arrest. In reality, this is hard to quantify, but the purpose of the publicity is simply to alter offenders' perceptions, leaving them to wonder when and where they will be caught.
Offender campaigns are successful not when they threaten later punishment, but when they threaten detection and arrest. The Operation Identification and VIN initiatives discussed earlier were successful because the publicity warned offenders about increased police attention. In England, signs on buses that warned youths that they were being watched via CCTV, and that infractions would be reported to the police, significantly reduced bus vandalism.21
Campaigns designed to reduce speeding also support the use of threatening apprehension. Speed limit signs and posters demanding a slower pace have had little success in deterring speeders. However, speed cameras and publicity about the high likelihood of getting caught have proved to reduce the speeds of even the most dedicated of offenders.22Placing posters warning that officers are around the corner to surprise speeders is a good example of effective offender publicity.23
Finally, offender campaigns are more efficient when they target specific crime types and focus on a clearly defined geographic area.24For offenders to take the message seriously, they need to feel as though the campaign targets them directly. This need to be specific requires police agencies to know whom they are targeting, at what times, and in what areas. For example, a police initiative to reduce car vandalism after school hours can include posting signs around town stating that "VANDALISM IS A MISDEMEANOR," but a more focused approach might include posters in the problem area with messages such as "SMILE, UNDERCOVER OFFICERS ARE WATCHING YOU," or "OUR OFFICERS HAVE ALREADY ARRESTED 12 STUDENTS FOR VANDALISM—WILL YOU BE NEXT?". By focusing on distinct areas instead of trying to cover an entire city, police officers can concentrate their publicity resources on one setting, avoiding the risk of spreading themselves too thin. This targeted approach also allows personalization of the message, making it more believable and pertinent to the local audience.
Crime prevention efforts that include publicity components need to address the campaign's cost-effectiveness. Police agencies have numerous media options to promote their message, each with differing costs and convenience. As mentioned above, the different formats range from television campaigns to common fliers. With proper planning and organization, most police departments can undertake a publicity campaign with minimal costs.
A key consideration in the cost of publicity campaigns, especially ones that involve signs and/or posters, is that their visibility be constant, allowing agencies cost-effective message dissemination. While other components of the intervention may be in effect only when people are actively promoting crime prevention measures, a posted sign is always "at work."
Police agencies can also reap indirect benefits by initiating publicity campaigns, including the following:
Research has shown that when a publicity campaign advertises an upcoming police intervention, crime reduction benefits may occur before implementation. This phenomenon is called "anticipatory benefits."27This occurs when the pre-intervention publicized warning alters offenders' perceptions of risk. Thus, police agencies can maximize their crime reduction potential through the early advertising of future prevention efforts.
Sharing information, be it offering crime prevention tips to potential victims or trying to warn offenders about increased risks of arrest, inevitably draws attention to a community's crime problem. Police may therefore encounter some opposition to mounting a crime prevention publicity campaign from influential community members.
For example, a car theft campaign in a local shopping-mall parking lot may meet resistance from business owners who fear the campaign may scare away potential shoppers. Real-estate agents opposed anti-car theft publicity posters in one New Jersey town when clients became apprehensive about living in an area with a high car-theft rate.28Other businesses that may express concern include tourism bureaus, entertainment venues, and educational facilities. Finally, local politicians may not approve of advertising crime problems in their jurisdictions, regardless of the potential prevention benefits.29These examples highlight the importance of working closely with community stakeholders when developing and implementing publicity campaigns, as there may be competing interests at play.30
Publicity campaigns can sometimes result in residents' becoming unduly alarmed about relatively rare crimes.31Sometimes, this might lead them to take crime prevention matters into their own hands (such as by carrying weapons).32Therefore, campaign messages should avoid sounding too alarming or providing unnecessarily frightening information. Campaigns should address their targets directly, avoiding words that may alarm a community by highlighting a crime problem. For example, an anti-car theft campaign should avoid the following message: "This neighborhood is working to drive car thieves out". This sort of message may raise unnecessary community concerns about car thefts. A more appropriate campaign may state: "Car thieves are in for a ride – straight to jail". A further undesirable result of some campaigns might be citizens' belief that police intrude too much in their daily lives. While these may not always be by-products of publicity, police agencies should be aware of them as they plan their campaigns. A possible solution to reduce heightened anxiety is for police departments to reach out to community members, explaining the reasons behind the anti-crime campaign.
Might a publicity campaign displace crime to an unprotected area, raising community concerns? Unfortunately, there is little information about publicity's impact on displacement. However, research has shown that displacement caused by crime prevention efforts is relatively rare and, if it occurs, is minimal at best.33Fear of displacement should not hinder attempts to mount publicity campaigns, however, as proper planning and implementation can reduce the probability of such an outcome. For example, by alternating publicity across different neighborhoods, a police department can increase a campaign's deterrent value by creating uncertainty in the offending population. Offenders will not know where the real risks are, reducing the incentives for them to go elsewhere to offend.
Vandals or concerned stakeholders who do not agree with the campaign may deface street signs or billboards. In this case, rapidly repairing or replacing damaged signs is important, as the message must not be diluted or otherwise lose its significance. Campaigns that rely on street signs or posters are particularly at risk of vandalism. Wherever possible, campaign planners should place signs out of reach. In New Jersey, a Jersey City campaign to prevent auto thefts suffered considerable amounts of vandalism, as seen below.
Poorly designed publicity campaigns are unlikely to produce the desired results. This section highlights some of the major considerations surrounding crime prevention publicity efforts.
To avoid problems, it is a good idea to pretest publicity campaigns with a sample target audience to ensure that the content has sufficient appeal and communicates the correct message.34
The campaign message comprises several important elements, discussed below.
The message content is any campaign's central component.
When it is appropriate to identify the agency responsible for the publicity campaign, avoid giving off an air of superiority when delivering the message, as this may turn off the audience, leading them to reject it. There may be times, however, when not identifying the agency producing the publicity campaign may prove beneficial. For example, a campaign targeting graffiti problems is likely to fail if it is sponsored by the Department of Public Works. While this agency may be responsible for implementing and reaping the eventual benefits of the campaign, offenders may not respond very well to messages coming from such a nondescript, generic entity.
Trying to scare people is not recommended when deciding on a campaign's content.
Publicity messages need to be relevant and offer specifics to the target audiences.
A well-designed logo can help to increase a publicity campaign's impact. This notion comes directly from commercial advertisements that are highly laden with pictures, cartoon characters, and other appealing visuals to attract customer attention.
Police should base their decisions about geographic coverage on the aims of the campaign:
Campaigns that advertise crime prevention tips generally run longer than those that advertise a specific police operation, but they run the risk of leaving their target audience feeling bored and indifferent.48To avoid this problem, publicizing in "bursts" can be very effective. This method avoids drawn out, continual exposure to the message, but relies instead on short, focused, and intense bursts of information.49Research shows that repetition is an important factor when it comes to retention,50and small increments of publicity serve this goal well.
Campaigns that support police operations are often limited to the duration of the police intervention, but it is possible to begin the publicity before the intervention, and to continue it after the intervention ends. In this respect, publicity can amplify the perception of the police intervention, creating a greater deterrent effect. For example, if a police department develops a program to address auto thefts by implementing random checkpoints, the program can be advertised before, during, and after the operation. This informs offenders about the checkpoints but creates uncertainty as to when the police are actually out enforcing them.51
Implementation becomes especially relevant when the campaign is relatively short. Poor implementation protocols run the risk of reducing a campaign's intensity and overall effectiveness. In mounting a campaign, police should ask the following:
It is important for police agencies to be aware of their target audience's demographic composition. Publicity messages cannot be efficient if people cannot understand the basic content. Increased use of visuals and logos can promote messages more efficiently by relying on universally recognized symbols. This is important, for example, in populations with low literacy rates, or when addressing young children.
Having decided to implement a publicity campaign to advertise your crime prevention effort, should you adopt a general or a more tailored approach? The table below highlights some points to consider when choosing the publicity campaign's format.
|General Format
|Focused Format
Too often, practical considerations such as ease of production and cost determine the format, even though it may not be the most effective one. While budgets are important, to select an effective publicity format, it is crucial to understand the target audience's motivations and concerns. A common mistake is for police to think they know what message and format an audience will like and embrace. These decisions usually result in unattractive, poorly conceived, and ultimately ineffective campaigns.
A good example of a well-thought-out and appropriately chosen format is the "Spur of the Moment" comic book initiative Australia's National Motor Vehicle Theft Reduction Council used to describe the risks young car thieves faced (see below).52In this case, the format spoke to the audience and increased the campaign's success. Ideally, to maximize a campaign's visibility, police agencies should rely on multiple avenues to disseminate information; relying on only one medium greatly reduces the campaign's potential reach.53
"Spur of the Moment" comic book, Australia's National Motor Vehicle Theft Reduction Council.
While national campaigns rely heavily on television or radio to address problems such as drug abuse and drunken driving, few police agencies rely on these media. However, television or radio spots can also be appropriate venues for local campaigns, as police departments can publicize efforts on the local news or in PSAs.54PSAs are often ineffective unless they target a very specific group, provide a very detailed message,55and air when the target audience is watching.56Unless donated, television time and the professional work needed to make attractive televised messages are expensive. Many cities have community access channels, but the audience tends to be limited, and it is unlikely that police campaigns that rely on these channels alone will have great impact.
National newspapers and magazines, like television and radio, are more suited for national campaigns. Local papers are more suitable for reaching a large segment of the local population, allowing them to read and learn about police interventions. Unlike television and radio, print media are relatively cheap, but it is difficult to control who receives the information. Simply printing a message does not ensure that the target audience will read it. In addition, because the information is mixed with other information, there is a chance the target audience may overlook it. With any printed media, you should always consider community or audience literacy levels.
Reno Gazette Journal 2004 Example of newspaper advertisement addressing mini-bikes. Reno Gazette Journal 2004
With their large imposing letters, billboards on highways and major roads ensure visibility. Billboards commonly advertise crime prevention techniques or otherwise educate the public about crime. In 2001, Los Angeles erected 60 billboards in gang-plagued neighborhoods carrying the message: "Guns ended the lives of 149 L.A. County kids last year. Stop the violence!" Billboards can also be useful in sharing target-hardening measures, as seen in the example below. While some billboard companies will donate space for public service messages, this medium is generally expensive. The design and production are also more elaborate than simple print media campaigns, and the message is confined to the billboards' location.
Example of a billboard to educate motorists
Posters and signs are relatively inexpensive to produce, and they are easily posted in relevant areas. Police agencies can place signs in specific areas, increasing the chances they will reach key audiences. Posters can be moved from location to location following police activity, but they are vulnerable to vandalism and destruction. Some communities may also have ordinances against posting signs on utility poles. Finally, plastering posters in a neighborhood may raise concerns about aesthetics or questions about safety.
Posters and signs designed to warn offenders.
Ease of production and low distribution costs make fliers and leaflets favorites of police departments and other crime prevention agencies. Using readily available desktop publishing software, an agency can create a cost-effective publicity campaign. Police officers can deliver the material door-to-door or place it on car windshields.
Mailings are also an effective method of distribution, but materials should be addressed to an individual, instead of "occupant" or "resident," as this personalizes the message.57While some studies have shown newsletters and brochures to be effective ways to spread crime prevention information,58such media do not always produce the intended result. In the early 1980's, the Houston Police Department failed to reduce residents' fear of crime by distributing newsletters containing local crime rates and prevention tips.59In Newark, N.J., the police department used a similar strategy; while people liked receiving the newsletters, they rarely read them.60
Key chains reminding owners to lock their cars can be distributed at local stores, pencils or colorful stickers with messages against violence can be given to schoolchildren, and cards reminding drivers about the fines for speeding can be printed on the back of tollbooth tickets. A good example of an alternative medium was used in Birmingham, England, where police started mailing out Christmas cards during the holiday season to residents living in crime hotspots, offering them crime prevention tips.61In a similar vein, Manchester, England, police sent holiday cards to known offenders in the area, reminding them to be on their best behavior by stating: "We are looking out for you."62
Other means to spread a message include coasters, as seen in the London Metropolitan Police effort to reduce drug use.63This is an example of a cheap yet visible method to state your message or warning concerning the effects of drug abuse.
Coasters used to warn public about the dangers of drug use.
During one campaign for responsible alcohol consumption, a partnership was formed between bars, a National Football League (NFL) team, beer wholesalers, and police. An advertisement aimed at reducing victimization around bars was printed on table toppers, with the NFL coach giving "tips." The beer wholesalers agreed to distribute the table toppers as they delivered their product. Thus, the drinking public in bars and restaurants was specifically targeted.
As mentioned above, comic books can be a useful way to reach youths. A phone company in England created an educational comic book for children to address the problem of phone vandalism.64On page 26 is an example of a comic book designed to reduce car theft.65
Without an evaluation, police departments will learn little about a campaign's successes or pitfalls, and there will be little evidence to support future use of the campaign. A valid evaluation should focus on two components of the campaign: its actual implementation (process) and the result (impact).
The process evaluation will determine if the agency carried out the intended plan for the publicity campaign. For example, if the campaign plan included weekly radio ads and posters in business storefronts, the process evaluation would measure the extent to which police met these weekly targets.
A process evaluation for publicity campaigns should ask the following questions:
The above questions are important, as they will guide the impact evaluation and provide contextual information about the overall effort's success or failure. If the process evaluation reveals that police poorly implemented the campaign, its effectiveness will remain questionable.
The impact evaluation will answer the basic question: Did the campaign have the desired effect? While the rate of the targeted crime problem is the first obvious measure, police departments should also consider other indicators when carrying out an impact evaluation of a publicity campaign. A community offended by a campaign's content may easily offset the gains of a minor crime reduction. A thorough impact analysis should consider measuring how a campaign affects:
To carry out an effective campaign evaluation, police agencies must think ahead and gather the requisite data for meaningful comparisons and analyses. Departments should have valid and reliable indicators of the measures discussed above to allow for pre-and post-campaign comparisons.
A good way to test the effectiveness of crime prevention messages is to select an area similar to the one chosen for the campaign to serve as a control group, not exposing it to campaign information.66The control group will help in determining whether any changes observed are attributable to the campaign and not to other factors. An impact evaluation would then compare crime rates or resident behaviors between the two groups. In some cases, such comparisons can be misleading, however, as the publicity component may lead to a simple increase in crime reporting, falsely increasing the "crime problem."67
Publicity campaigns have had mixed success when used in crime reduction programs. Perhaps publicity campaigns fail in delivering their intended message because of poor design or implementation, and hence, it may be premature to dismiss campaigns as ineffective crime prevention tools. While publicity attempts have had little success in changing victim or offender behavior, they should not be abandoned; rather, the police should refine them. The challenge lies in finding the proper ways to influence citizen behaviors. Finding ways to reach the public is a key component. For example, if we know that elderly women living alone have a greater fear of crime, police should seek greater campaign efficiency by addressing this group more directly.68Police in England reported that only 29 percent of residents had heard about an anti-burglary initiative they conducted.69In this case, it is clear that the publicity component did not reach the intended audience.
In order to achieve the intended goals, police publicity campaigns should do the following:
Click here for PDF of Appendix B: Summary of Previous Publicity Efforts
[1] Geva and Israel (1982).
[2] Brown and Wycoff (1987).
[3]Riley and Mayhew (1980)[Full Text]; Burrows and Heal (1980)[Full Text].
[4]Van Dijk and Steinmetz (1981).
[5] Riley and Mayhew (1980)[Full Text].
[6] Burrows and Heal (1980)[Full Text]; Riley and Mayhew (1980)[Full Text].
[7] Sacco and Trotman (1990).
[8] Riley and Mayhew (1980). [Full Text]
[9] Sacco and Silverman (1982).
[10] Johnson and Bowers (2003).
[11] Simmons and Farrell (1998).
[12] Wortley, Kane, and Gant (1998).
[13] Laycock (1991).
[14] Wortley, Kane, and Gant (1998).
[15] Cornish and Clarke (1986)[Full Text].
[16] www.popcenter.org/Problems/gun_violence/.
[17] Decker (1972); McNees et. al. (1976); Riley & Mayhew (1980)[Full Text]; Riley (1980)[Full Text].
[18] Sacco and Trotman (1990).
[19] Riley and Mayhew (1980). [Full Text]
[20] Laycock and Tilley (1995).
[21] Poyner (1988).
[22] Corbett (2000).
[23] Glendon and Cernecca (2003).
[24] Laycock (1991); Bowers and Johnson (2003)[Full Text].
[25] Simmons and Farrell (1998).
[26] Laycock (1991).
[27] Smith, Clarke, and Pease (2002)[Full Text]; Bowers and Johnson (2003)[Full Text].
[28] Barthe (2004). [Abstract only].
[29] Schaefer and Nichols (1983).
[30] Rice and Atkin (1989).
[31] Schneider and Kitchen (2002).
[32] Winkel (1987).
[33] Hesseling (1994).[Full Text]
[34] Wyllie (1997).
[35] Sacco and Silverman (1982).
[36] Derzon and Lipsey (2002).
[37] Gorelick (1989).
[38] Beck (1998).
[39] Borzekowski and Poussaint (1999).
[40] Atkin, Smith, and Bang (1994).
[41] Scottish Office Central Research Unit (1995).
[42] Schafer (1982).
[43] O'Malley (1992).
[44] Atkin, Smith, and Bang (1994).
[45] Holder and Treno (1997).
[46] Derzon and Lipsey (2002).
[47] O'Keefe (1986).
[48] Riley and Mayhew (1980). [Full Text]
[49] Riley and Mayhew (1980). [Full Text]
[50] Hallahan (2000).
[51] Johnson and Bowers (2003).
[52] www.aic.gov.au/conferences/cartheft/skelton.pdf.
[53] Kuttschreuter and Wiegman (1998).
[54] Holder and Treno (1997).
[55] Borzekowski and Poussaint (1999).
[56] Palmgreen et al. (1995).
[57] Lavrakas (1986).
[58] Beedle (1984).
[59] Brown and Wycoff (1987).
[60] Williams and Pate (1987).
[61] www.birmingham101.com/101news2002dec4.htm.
[62] www.manchesteronline.co.uk/news/s/25/25557_cops_ warn_yule_be_sorry.html.
[63] www.met.police.uk/drugs.
[64] Bridgeman (1997).
[65] www.streetwize.com.au/publications_legal.html.
[66] Derzon and Lipsey (2002).
[67] Sacco and Silverman (1982).
[68] Sacco and Silverman (1982).
[69] Mawby and Simmonds (2003).
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Hallahan, K. (2000). "Enhancing Motivation, Ability, and Opportunity To Process Public Relations Messages." Public Relations Review 26(4):463–480.
Hesseling, R. (1994). "Displacement: A Review of the Empirical Literature." In R. Clarke (ed.), Crime Prevention Studies, Vol. 3. Monsey, N.Y.: Criminal Justice Press.[Full Text]
Holder, H., and A. Treno. (1997). "Media Advocacy in Community Prevention: News as a Means to Advance Policy Change." Addiction 92(6) (Supp. 2):S189–199.
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Kuttschreuter, M., and O. Wiegman (1998). "Crime Prevention and the Attitude Toward the Criminal Justice System: The Effects of a Multimedia Campaign." Journal of Criminal Justice 26(6):441–452.
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Mawby, R., and L. Simmonds (2003). "Homesafing Keyham: An Evaluation." Community Safety Journal 2(3):20–30.
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Poyner, B. (1988). "Video Cameras and Bus Vandalism." Journal of Security Administration 11(2):44–51.
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Sacco, V., and R. Silverman (1982). "Crime Prevention Through Mass Media: Prospects and Problems." Journal of Criminal Justice 10(4):257–269.
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Sacco, V., and M. Trotman (1990). "Public Information Programming and Family Violence: Lessons From the Mass Media Crime Prevention Experience." Canadian Journal of Criminology 32(1):91–105.
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Schafer, H. (1982). "Frauen bei Nacht—Women by Night: Analysis of a Warning-Leaflet Campaign." In E. Kuhlhorn and B. Svensson (eds.), Crime Prevention, Report No. 9. Stockholm, Sweden: National Council for Crime Prevention.
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Williams,H., and A. Pate (1987). "Returning to First Principles: Reducing Fear of Crime in Newark." Crime and Delinquency 33(1):53–70.
Winkel, F. (1987). "Response Generalisation in Crime Prevention Campaigns: An Experiment." British Journal of Criminology 27(2):155–178.
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Wyllie, A. (1997). "Evaluation of a New Zealand Campaign Towards Reduction of Intoxication on Licensed Premises." Health Promotion International 12(3):197–207.
The quality and focus of these submissions vary considerably. With the exception of those submissions selected as winners or finalists, these documents are unedited and are reproduced in the condition in which they were submitted. They may nevertheless contain useful information or may report innovative projects.
Invercargill - The RAID Squad Initiative, New Zealand Police Department (NZ), 1998
KIDestrian: Child Pedestrian Safety [Goldstein Award Finalist], Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police (ON, CA), 1994
Operation Cease Fire [Goldstein Award Winner], Boston Police Department, 1998
Operation Pasture [Goldstein Award Winner], Lancashire Constabulary, 2008
Preventing Theft from Auto [Goldstein Award Finalist], Edmonton Police Service, 1994
Safer Travel at Night Campaign [Goldstein Award Winner], Transport for London (London, UK), 2006
Team: Reducing Vehicle Burglaries [Goldstein Award Finalist], Carrollton Police Department, 2005
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