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The Graduate Faculty sets Graduate School policies in the Bulletin. Students should be aware that their programs might have rules and policies that are above these minimum university-wide requirements.
The University of Missouri-St. Louis admits qualified individuals to study for graduate degrees and certificates. Students with a bachelor's degree or the equivalent from an accredited college or university may apply for admission to the Graduate School. Applicants may be denied admission if (a) they do not meet admission standards, (b) there are no available openings, or (c) applications are incomplete at the time of the decision.
To receive graduate credit at the University of Missouri-St. Louis students must have been admitted to the Graduate School as Degree-seeking, Graduate Certificate or Non-Degree seeking student.
Degree-Seeking or Graduate Certificate Students
Applicants for a degree or graduate certificate program at the University of Missouri-St. Louis submit an application, official transcript documenting the baccalaureate degree, scores from examinations required by the program, and other evidence of academic and professional preparation required by the program. Such evidence may include standardized test results, letters of recommendation, transcripts of all academic work attempted, and writing samples.
When there are openings for new students, applicants are normally admitted given official evidence of (a) a baccalaureate or advanced degree from an accredited institution of higher education, (b) an undergraduate grade point average (G.P.A.) and major field G.P.A. of at least 2.75, (c) an acceptable score on each requisite examination, and (d) satisfactory additional materials required by the particular program. The dean of the Graduate School makes the final decision on applications, based on recommendations from the unit.
Non-Degree-Seeking Student
Applicants may seek status as Non-Degree-seeking graduate students if they are visiting students, they do not intend to pursue a degree, or they want to participate in graduate workshops or institutes. Applicants must provide an official transcript showing completion of a baccalaureate or higher degree, with a G.P.A. of at least 2.5.
The dean of the Graduate School admits Non-Degree-seeking students only upon recommendation of the unit.
A Non-Degree student must maintain a G.P.A. of at least 3.00.
Course work completed by Non-Degree students is not regarded as work toward a degree program. Therefore, Non-Degree students are not eligible for federal financial aid. The maximum hours of Non-Degree status work that can be applied to a degree program is nine semester hours. A Non-Degree student wishing to take more than nine hours may be allowed to do so contingent upon departmental recommendation. No credits taken as Non-Degree status may count as part of the residence requirement for a degree.
Since Education Certification students take courses for State Department of Education certification, they do not need departmental approval to take more than nine hours. However, all other conditions regarding admission and registration that apply to Non-Degree students apply to Education Certification students.
Students wishing to change from Non-Degree to Degree seeking must submit a new graduate application for review and approval by the unit and the dean of the Graduate School.
Traveling Scholars and Inter-University Graduate Exchange Students
There are two avenues for students to take graduate courses at UMSL without applying for admission
- Traveling Scholars are graduate students at one of the other University of Missouri (UM) campuses.
- Inter-University Graduate Exchange students are Washington University and St. Louis University students who enroll on the home campus for UMSL courses not offered on their own campus.
Degree-seeking graduate students at UMSL may also participate in these programs, if their advisors and the Graduate School approve their requests. Certain restrictions apply.
Unclassified Students
Students who are not qualified for admission to the Graduate School may be considered for undergraduate admission to UMSL as Unclassified Students. Unclassified Students are considered Post-baccalaureate, are not admitted to the Graduate School, may not take graduate-level courses, and do not receive graduate credit. Credits earned by an Unclassified Student may not later be considered as graduate credits should the student subsequently be admitted to the Graduate School.
Enrollment in Off-Campus and Continuing Education Courses
Students who have been admitted to the Graduate School may enroll in off-campus graduate courses without further application.
Students with a baccalaureate degree who have not been admitted to the Graduate School must be approved for admission as a Non-Degree graduate student to take Continuing Education courses for graduate credit.
Admission of International Students
International students must meet all requirements for admission to the Graduate School. In addition, international students whose native language is not English and who have spent less than two of the last three years in an English-speaking country are required to submit scores from an internationally accepted standardized examination before a decision is made on admission.
Teaching assistantships will be awarded only to students with demonstrated oral English proficiency. Normally international teaching assistants may not teach during their first semester on campus.
When it is not possible for a student to take the required examination for reasons beyond personal convenience, the unit to which the student has applied may develop alternate ways for that particular student to demonstrate English language competence prior to admission. The Graduate Dean must approve such alternative metrics.
Applicants from other countries shall provide a summary of their educational experience as a basis of comparison of their backgrounds with those of U.S. applicants. They must also provide a statement of their financial situation and the anticipated form of support for the period of graduate study.
Students who have been admitted to the Graduate School may enroll in classes in any term within one calendar year after admission. New students are strongly urged to seek advising before registering. If an advisor is not assigned, then the graduate director in the program should be the student's first contact in the department.
To remain in good standing, students shall enroll for at least one term each calendar year. Students not meeting this enrollment requirement will become inactive and be required to reapply. If students reapply and are readmitted, they will be subject to all regulations in effect at the time of readmission.
After they achieve candidacy, Doctoral students must enroll each fall and spring semester until the degree is completed.
International students on student visas must enroll fulltime for each fall and spring semester.
Fulltime Study
The minimal fulltime course load is nine credit hours for a regular semester and/or five credit hours during the eight-week summer session.
Graduate Equivalent Hours
In calculating credit hours for full-time enrollment, students may seek approval for the following semester hour equivalents:
1.) Three equivalency hours for holding a 0.5 FTE Graduate Teaching Assistantship, Graduate Research Assistantship, Graduate Assistantship, or Graduate Instructor position; up to two equivalency hours for appointments between 0.25 and 0.49 FTE.
2.) Three equivalency hours in the semester the student is preparing for comprehensive examinations. This semester hour equivalency is allowed for a maximum of two semesters.
3.) Eight equivalency hours after achieving candidacy. This semester- hour equivalency is allowed for a maximum of eight semesters.
4.) Participation in approved required out-of-class experiences in specific programs. Please see your advisor for the approved list.
During the regular semester, students may not enroll in more than 12 hours. Normally no more than three credit hours may be taken in any four-week period.
Heavier than normal loads may be permitted by the Graduate Dean, upon recommendation by the unit, for a) students whose cumulative UMSL G.P.A. is substantially above the program average; and b) students in good academic standing for whom an overload of one course will permit them to graduate during the term in which the overload is taken. Students are normally not allowed to take an overload in their first semester in Graduate School.
Degree Program Plans
It is expected that graduate students will consult regularly with their advisors to plan a course of study that ensures timely completion of the requirements.
At least half of the credits for master's, educational specialist and doctoral degree plans must be from 5000-level courses and above.
Within the major department, students normally may not take a 3000-level course for graduate credit. However, outside the department, a 3000-level course may be taken for graduate credit with the approval of the students' advisors. Advisors must seek approval from the instructor, who may assign additional work commensurate with the student's graduate status.
Courses numbered from 0 to 2999 may not be taken for graduate credit. No course applied to an undergraduate degree may be allowed in that student's graduate degree.
Credit for Courses Taken Prior to Enrolling in a Graduate Program at UMSL
Transfer credit shall be granted only for approved graduate courses for which a grade of at least B-, or equivalent, was achieved from an accredited institution.
Degree credit may be allowed for up to three credit hours for institutes, workshops, clinics, and Continuing Education courses only if offered by an appropriately accredited institution of higher education. Only such courses that award a letter grade may be applied to a graduate degree.
Students may transfer up to 18 hours of work on a Graduate Certificate Program Plan to a Master's or Doctoral Program Plan, if the unit granting the degree approves the transfer.
Credit for Courses Taken at Other Universities After Enrolling in a Graduate Program at UMSL
Graduate students admitted to UMSL must petition in advance to take courses at another institution and apply the credit toward a graduate degree at UMSL.
With prior approval, regularly admitted graduate students are permitted to take a course not offered by UMSL at Washington University, St. Louis University, or Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville.
Time Limitation
The maximum time allowed for completion of a master's degree is six years after the first course enrollment. The maximum time allowed for completion of an educational specialist degree is six years after the first course enrollment. Graduate work completed outside these time periods may not be included in the degree program except under extraordinary circumstances and then only after petition to and approval by the dean of the Graduate School. An exception to the time limitation may be approved in advance with an authorized leave of absence.
Leave of Absence
Graduate students who are forced to interrupt their studies for a period of one or more years should request a leave of absence from the university. In consultation with their advisors, students shall define the program modifications that the leave of absence requires. Requests must indicate the reason for leaving and the expected date of return to the university. Approval of the dean of the Graduate School is required.
The leave of absence is designed to suspend the requirement for continuous enrollment. It does not affect the maximum time limitation set for a degree program unless a specific exception is approved.
Undergraduate Enrollment in 5000-Level Courses
Under special circumstances undergraduate students in good standing at UMSL may enroll in 5000-level courses for undergraduate credit. Approvals from the advisor, department chairperson, academic dean, and dean of the Graduate School are required. In rare cases, students subsequently admitted to the Graduate School may petition for graduate credit for 5000-level courses that they took as undergraduates, as long as those courses were not applied to their undergraduate degrees.
Class Attendance
Only students who have previously paid fees may attend a class. Instructors are not authorized to allow students to attend classes if fees have not been paid. Students may not register and pay fees after the prescribed dates.
Enrolled students may preregister for the next term during regular preregistration periods. Registration is not complete until all university fees are paid.
Petitioning Into or Out of a Course
Students must receive the approval of their adviser and the course instructor to enroll in or withdraw from a course after registration.
Entering a Course in Progress
Students wishing to enter a course in progress must have the approval of the instructor and their adviser. Only under exceptional circumstances may students enter courses after the first week of the semester.
Dropping a Course
Students may drop courses before the end of the fourth week of a regular semester or the second week of the summer session without receiving grades. At the end of this period and until the end of 12 weeks (or from the third through the sixth week of the summer session), students may withdraw from courses with "Excused" grades providing they are passing the course and have the approval of the instructor and their adviser. Otherwise, a grade of F is given. Students who stop attending classes without officially dropping courses also receive grades of F.
The registrar will furnish transcripts of credits to a student upon written request. Transcripts are furnished to students' parents or guardians or other parties or institutions only if students have filed written consent with the registrar. There is a charge per transcript. Students transferring to another University of Missouri campus may ask the UM‑St. Louis Director of Admissions to furnish a transcript to the Office of Graduate Admissions at the other UM campus.
Requests for transcripts by organizations either financially supporting a student or with fee compensation programs are not honored unless the student has filed a consent form with the registrar, authorizing the release of such records.
Transcripts are not issued to or for students who have financial obligations to the university until those obligations are paid in full.
Academic Policy
Academic Policy Grades
Faculty teaching graduate courses have complete discretion in assigning grades.
Point assignments for grades are as follows;
EX = Excused
DL = Delayed
The satisfactory/unsatisfactory (S/U) option, which is an option for undergraduate students, is not normally available in courses for graduate credit. S/U grades may be given only for specific internships, practica, or project courses as requested by a school or college, with prior approval from the Graduate Council. Courses on the S/U grading system will carry no points toward calculation of the grade point average.
Students who stop attending classes without officially dropping courses receive grades of F.
Students may enter courses as auditors but may not change from audit to credit or credit to audit after the first week of class. Auditors are charged full fees and receive no academic credit.
Delayed Grades
Delayed grades may be given when a student's work is of passing quality but is incomplete because of circumstances beyond the student's control. Although delayed grades do not affect a graduate student's grade point average, they are an important factor in evaluating academic progress. Delayed grades must be removed within two regular semesters after the time recorded or they automatically become F grades. In such cases, course instructors may subsequently change F grades to other grades on their progress in a sequential course and indicate that a grade will be assigned at the end of the sequence. Some programs assign the Delayed Grade for dissertations or theses in progress.
Graduate Grade Appeals
In case of disputes regarding grades, graduate students shall follow the university Grade Appeal Process by contacting the Department Chair.
Grade Point Average (GPA)
UMSL calculates three types of G.P.A. At the end of each semester, the term G.P.A. is calculated on the courses attempted that semester. The cumulative GPA on the transcript includes all courses taken at UMSL for graduate credit figure, including courses that may not be a part of the degree program. The degree program GPA includes only the grades of those courses that are part of the degree program. The degree program GPA must be at least 3.0 for a student to receive a graduate degree.
Grade modification is not an option for graduate students.
Any course work transferred from other universities, including other UM campuses, will not be included in any GPA calculation.
Failure to make adequate progress jeopardizes a student's potential to complete the degree as well as their financial aid. To provide students notice of inadequate progress at the end of each semester, graduate students with a cumulative GPA below 3.0 in a minimum of nine credit hours are placed on probation. A program may also place a student on probation if faculty regards the student's progress as unsatisfactory. The Graduate School will inform students of their probation by letter, with copies sent to the graduate director of the program, the Graduate Admissions Office and Financial Aid.
If at the end of the probationary semester the cumulative GPA is at least 3.0, the probationary status is removed. A probationary student who fails to raise the cumulative GPA to 3.0 may, on the recommendation of the program, be allowed a second probationary semester.
A student who is on probation for more than two semesters during his/her program of study will be dismissed, unless the dean of the Graduate School approves an exception request for continuation from the advisor and/or graduate director. Upon recommendation of the unit, the Graduate School may dismiss any graduate student who does not make adequate progress. The Graduate School is responsible for sending dismissal letters to students, with copies sent to the graduate advisor, the graduate director of the program, the Graduate Admissions office, and the Financial Aid Office.
Master's Degree Requirements
Each master's degree program determines any eligibility standards beyond the minimum for admission to the Graduate School.
All master's degree students shall be enrolled for credit for access to university resources, including advisement, data gathering, or examinations.
Full-time status for all graduate students is defined as at least nine credit hours of course work. Individual units may require higher enrollments.
Credit Requirements
A minimum of 30 semester hours of graduate credit is required for all master's degree programs. Units may require a greater number of hours for their programs.
Residence Requirement
The final two-thirds of the courses in a master's degree program must be completed in residence at UMSL.
Time Limitation
All courses included in a master's degree program, whether taken at UMSL or at another institution, shall have been completed within six years after enrollment in the first course.
Credit From a Certificate Program
Students who have completed course credits in certificate programs may transfer those credits into a master's degree program with the unit's consent, as long as the credits fall within the time limitation set for master's degrees. If the master's degree is in a different unit from that awarding the certificate, then no more than one-third of the credits from the certificate program may apply to the master's degree. Multi-disciplinary programs may seek programmatic exceptions to this limit when the program undergoes the approval process.
Dual Master's Degrees
With approval of the unit and the Graduate School, students who have completed one master's degree may transfer appropriate credits to a second master's degree program. The number of transferable credits may not exceed one-third of the credit hours required by the second program. Subsequent transfers of the same courses to a third degree are not permitted.
With approval of the units involved and the Graduate School, students may simultaneously pursue two master's degrees under the following conditions: (a) No more than one-third of the credit hours required by either program may be applied to both programs; (b) Students must obtain approval of both units before completing 12 hours in either program.
Multi-disciplinary programs may seek programmatic exceptions to the one-third limit when the program undergoes the approval process by addressing specific allowable transfers between those two degree programs.Master's Degree for Doctoral Students
Doctoral students may receive a master's degree in their unit for work they have completed toward to a doctoral degree. The unit establishes the requirements for such a master's degree. However, the requirements should, in principle, be similar to those for master's degrees offered by the unit.
Doctoral students may also receive a master's degree for work they have completed toward to a doctoral degree in another unit provided (a) they apply no more than two-thirds of the master's degree courses to their doctoral degree program; (b) they have been admitted to the master's degree program; and (c) they have obtained the approval of the advisors from both programs and from the Graduate School. Credit from the master's degree must constitute less than half the total credits required for the doctorate.
Multi-disciplinary programs may seek programmatic exceptions to these limits when the program undergoes the approval process.
Filing the Degree Program
A master's degree student shall file an approved program plan with the Graduate School before completing the first two-thirds of the credit hours required in the program. Students may petition the dean of the Graduate School to change the degree program after it has been filed.
Comprehensive Examination, Scholarly Paper, or Exit Project
Each unit requiring a comprehensive examination for the master's degree informs the Graduate School of (a) the number of times the unit will allow its students to take a comprehensive examination, and (b) the period of time that the unit will allow between the first and final attempt to pass the examination.
Units recommend Graduate Faculty members to serve on committees for capstone projects. The Graduate Dean shall review and may appoint the committee.
Master's Thesis
Units recommend Graduate Faculty members to serve on committees for capstone projects. The Graduate Dean shall review and may appoint the committee.
Master's degree students who write a thesis must submit to the dean of the Graduate School one copy of the thesis by the posted university deadline, normally six weeks before the end of the term in which graduation is sought. The chairperson of the thesis committee is responsible for verifying that the final draft of the thesis is acceptable to the Graduate Dean and the thesis committee.
Students disseminate the thesis according to current Graduate School procedures.
Application for Master's Degree
To receive the master's degree, students who have met all degree requirements must apply for graduation by the end of the fourth week of classes during the fall or spring term or by the first day of the eight-week session during the summer term.
Educational Specialist Degree Requirements
Each educational specialist degree program shall determine any eligibility standards beyond the minimum for admission to Graduate School.
All educational specialist degree students shall be enrolled for credit for access to university resources, including advisement, data gathering, or examinations.
Full-time status for all graduate students is defined as at least nine credit hours of course work. Individual units may require higher enrollments.
Credit Requirements
A minimum of 60 semester hours of graduate credit is required for all educational specialist degree programs. Individual programs may require a greater number of hours.
Residence Requirement
Normally, at least one half of the courses in an educational specialist degree program must be completed in residence at UMSL.
Time Limitation
All courses included in an educational specialist degree program, whether taken at UMSL or at another institution, shall have been completed within six years after enrollment in the first course.
When educational specialist students have earned a master's degree at any institution, appropriate credits may be applied toward meeting the requirement for the specialist degree, subject to unit approval. Such credits shall constitute less than half of the total credits required for the educational specialist degree. Credit for courses taken for a master's degree is exempt from the six-year time limitation.
Filing the Degree Program
An educational specialist degree student enrolled shall file an approved program plan with the Graduate School before completing two-thirds of the credit hours required in the program. Students may petition the dean of the Graduate School to change the degree program after it has been filed.
Comprehensive Examination, Scholarly Paper, or Exit Project
Each program requiring a comprehensive examination for the specialist degree informs the Graduate School of (a) the number of times the unit will allow its students to take a comprehensive examination, and (b) the period of time that the unit will allow between the first and final attempt to pass the examination.
Programs recommend Graduate Faculty members to serve on committees for capstone projects. The Graduate Dean shall review and may appoint the committee.
Units recommend Graduate Faculty members to serve on committees for capstone projects. The Graduate Dean shall review and may appoint the committee.
Educational Specialist degree students who write a thesis must submit to the dean of the Graduate School one copy of the thesis by the posted university deadline, normally six weeks before the end of the term in which graduation is sought. The chairperson of the thesis committee is responsible for verifying that the final draft of the thesis is acceptable to the Graduate Dean and the thesis committee. Students shall disseminate the thesis according to current Graduate School procedure.
Doctoral Degree Requirements
Each doctoral degree program may determine eligibility standards beyond the minimum for admission to the Graduate School.
Credit Requirements
A minimum of 60 semester hours of graduate credit is required in every doctoral degree program. Units may require a greater number of hours for their programs, and individual students may be required to take additional hours.
Full-time status is defined as nine credit hours per semester. Units may require higher enrollments than this. After students achieve candidacy and complete the residence requirement, they must remain enrolled during fall and spring semesters until they complete the degree. Failure to register in any regular semester will result in termination from the Graduate School. If students so terminated decide to reapply and if they are readmitted, they will be subject to all regulations in effect at the time of readmission, and will be required to enroll for at least one credit hour for each semester since their last enrollment.
When doctoral students are enrolled for research credit, the credit amount may vary, but the student must register for all work required, and the credit total may exceed the minimum requirements.
Classification of Doctoral Students
There are two stages in a student's doctoral degree work:
- A pre-candidate is a student who has requirements to fulfill in addition to the dissertation, including course work, language requirements, and/or comprehensive examinations.
- A candidate is a student who has met all degree requirements except the completion of the dissertation.
Time Limitation
The maximum amount of time allowed for completion of a Doctoral degree is eight years after the first course enrollment.
The maximum of 12 hours of graduate credit completed as a post-master's degree student prior to admission to a doctoral program may apply toward a doctoral degree. Inclusion of such course work is subject to unit approval and must have been completed within eight years of the time the doctoral degree is awarded. Exceptions to this regulation must be justified on academically defensible grounds and approved by the Graduate Dean prior to filing the program plan.
When doctoral students have earned a master's degree at any institution, appropriate credits may be applied toward meeting the requirement for the doctoral degree, subject to unit approval. Such credits shall constitute less than half of the total credits required for the doctorate. For example, for a doctoral degree requiring 90 hours of work beyond the bachelor's degree, no more than 44 credits from a master's degree may apply to the doctoral degree. Credit for courses taken for a master's degree is exempt from the doctoral program's eight-year time limitation.
Residence Requirement
The majority of credits used to satisfy requirements for a doctoral degree must be completed at UMSL. The residence requirement may be satisfied with dissertation credit hours, graduate institutes, and credit courses taken through Continuing Education, as well as regular courses.
Students who enter the Ed.D. or Ph.D. in Education degree programs with an Education Specialist (Ed.S.) degree from an accredited university, or with an Advanced Certificate approved by the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, may satisfy the residence requirement by completing one-third of the required credits at UMSL.
Residency normally requires that doctoral students successfully complete a minimum of 15 hours over two consecutive terms, which may include summer. The dean of the Graduate School may grant exceptions upon recommendation by the program.
Comprehensive Examinations
Each unit will determine the number of times a comprehensive examination may be taken by a student. The department or college must file with the Graduate School a statement specifying (a) the number of times the unit will allow its students to take a comprehensive examination, and (b) the maximum and/or minimum period of time the unit will allow between the first and final attempt to pass the comprehensive examination.
The Comprehensive Examination Committee consists of no fewer than three members of the UMSL graduate faculty appointed by the Graduate Dean upon recommendation of the unit.
An oral examination may not substitute for the standard written portion.
Upon entering the program, each doctoral student will have an assigned program advisor who is a member of the Graduate Faculty. As early as possible in a doctoral student's program, but no later than when the student achieves candidacy, the unit will recommend, in consultation with the student, a doctoral dissertation advisor.
Application for Candidacy
Doctoral students may apply for candidacy after passing all required comprehensive and language examinations, written or oral, and successfully completing all course work.
Doctoral Dissertation Committee
The Doctoral Dissertation Committee consists of at least four members of the Graduate Faculty who can contribute their expertise to the dissertation study: the committee chair, and at least one other member from the unit. A recognized scholar from outside the university may serve as a member upon the recommendation of the unit and approval of the Graduate Dean. The Graduate Dean reviews and may approve the committee membership and changes in the committee membership.
Dissertation Proposal
Before a student may conduct substantial research for the dissertation the committee must approve a proposal after a formal defense. The student submits the approved proposal for review and approval by the dean of the Graduate School. An approved dissertation proposal in no way implies a contract between the university and the student. Depending on the outcome of the research, the dissertation may require substantially more work than anticipated when the proposal was approved. The termination of a line of research and the adoption of a substantially new dissertation project requires the preparation, formal defense, and acceptance by the Graduate School of a new dissertation proposal.
Preliminary Approval
One copy of the dissertation, certified as complete and provisionally acceptable to the committee, shall be submitted to the Graduate Dean at least six weeks prior to commencement. The Dean of the Graduate School may seek advice and make suggestions to the committee about content and style before approving the dissertation.
Defense of Dissertation
Normally the approved Doctoral Dissertation Committee serves as the Oral Defense of Dissertation Committee. The Graduate Dean may appoint one additional qualified voting member to the Defense of Dissertation Committee from the Graduate Faculty within the University of Missouri System.
After deliberating on the oral defense of the dissertation, the Defense of Dissertation Committee votes on whether the defense was successful. The defense shall be deemed unsuccessful if there are two negative votes, even if outnumbered by positive votes. An abstention will be considered a negative vote. A student failing an oral defense shall have the opportunity for one additional defense before the same committee. The Defense of Dissertation Committee shall determine the timing and format of the subsequent defense.
Final examinations are open to the public.
The decision of the Defense of Dissertation Committee is final. The report of the final examination is due to the Graduate School no later than two days after the examination.
Dissertation Abstracts
Two different abstracts are required. The publishing company requires an abstract of a maximum of 350 words that is published with the announcement of the dissertation defense. The abstract forming the second page of the dissertation should be no more than 600 words.
Dissertation Format
Only high quality copies are acceptable with the following margins throughout: left margin 1 ½ inches; top, bottom, and right margins, 1 inch. Final copies may be submitted electronically following current procedures on the Graduate School homepage or on paper. Original hard copies of the dissertation must be typed on good quality paper, and they must be legible and neat in order to be accepted by the Graduate School.
In matter of style and documentation, the custom of the discipline shall be followed.
The chairperson of the dissertation committee is responsible for verifying that all the changes suggested by the Graduate Dean and the dissertation committee have been incorporated in the final draft of the dissertation or have been discussed further with the Graduate Dean or the committee.
Students disseminate the dissertation according to current Graduate School procedures.
Graduate Certificate Program
Each graduate certificate program may determine eligibility standards beyond the minimum for admission to the Graduate School.
Credit Requirements
A minimum of 18 hours of graduate course work is required for a graduate certificate. At least 12 of these hours must consist of courses drawn from the list of core courses for the particular certificate program. At least 12 hours must be completed as a graduate student at UMSL. At least nine hours must be at the 5000 level or above. No more than six hours may be independent study.
Filing the Program Plan
A graduate student enrolled in a certificate program is required to file a certificate program plan with the Graduate School before completing the first two-thirds of the number of hours required in the program. Changes made in a certificate program plan after it has been filed must be submitted to the Graduate School.
Detail information regarding current fees and residency regulations is furnished in the Schedule of Courses, distributed before each semester registration, available at the Registrar's office or on the Cashier's Office web site.
The University reserves the right to change fees and other charges at any time without advance notice. By Board policy, students are charged fees according to their status, not by the level of the course. For that reason, students are charged graduate fees for all course work taken while they are classified as a graduate student.Nonresident Students
A student who is admitted to the University as a nonresident must pay the Nonresident Educational Fee as well as all other required fees. The Residence and Education Fee Rules are available online.
The petition for a change of Missouri Resident Status is available online.
All questions should be directed to the Office of Admissions at (314) 516-5451.
Final Semester Fee
Students must enroll on campus in the semester in which they graduate.
Thesis and Dissertation Fee
Graduate students must also pay a fee for the binding and microfilming of the thesis or dissertation.
Fees for Auditing Courses
Auditors are charged full fees and receive no academic credit.
Laboratory Breakage Fee
Breakage or loss of laboratory equipment due to personal negligence on the part of the student shall be assessed against the student when the actual value of the supplies exceeds $1. The amount of the charge is determined by the department chairperson.
Room and Board
The university offers many different rooms and board plans. For more information please contact the Office of Residential Life at (314)516-6877.
Student Insurance: International Students (required)
International Students in F-1 and J-1 status are required to purchase the health insurance policy offered through the university. Information regarding waivers, premiums, and coverage is available through the Office of International Students and Scholar Services.
Student Insurance (optional):
An Accident and Sickness Insurance plan is available to students and their dependents. Information concerning premiums and coverage is available upon request from University Health Services. Graduate Assistants with half-time appointments are eligible for a subsidy of the insurance premium. To receive the subsidy, GTAs/GRAs (U.S. Citizens only) must enroll in the insurance program through the Graduate School.
Payment of Fees
Students received a fee payment schedule at the time of their registration. All fees are due and payable according to that schedule. A minimum payment plan is available for students unable to complete their financial arrangements at the time of registration. A finance charge will be assessed on the unpaid balance at the rate of 1 percent per month. All accounts will be billed using this method; therefore, it is not necessary that a student choose the minimum payment plan at the time the charges are incurred. Students with delinquent accounts will NOT be allowed to register in subsequent semesters and may not receive a transcript.
Policy on Administrative Cancellation of Student Registration for Nonpayment of Educational Fees:
A registered student is required to remit payment of assessed fees by deadlines that are announced each semester. The University will cancel the registrations in all courses of students from whom the University has not received and processed either the full payment or the required minimum payment (a stipulated portion of the balance due after deducting approved financial aid) for assessed fees by announced deadlines.
Policies and Procedures Related to Cancellation of Student Registration
- The University will make efforts to notify any student whose registration is about to be administratively cancelled prior to taking this action.
- On or before the last day on which a student may enroll in a course, a cancelled student's space in a course will be given to other students on that course's wait lists. The cancelled student will be placed at the end of the course wait list.
- Any student who has been administratively cancelled for nonpayment of assessed fees may not enroll in a class unless the required fees have been paid.
- Cancelled students who re-register on or after the first day of the semester will be assessed a nonrefundable late registration charge.
- Once a student's registration has been administratively cancelled for nonpayment of assessed fees, that student may not attend class unless s/he has officially re-registered.
The University Reserves the right to modify the fees charged for attendance and other services at the University, including but not limited to educational fees, at any time when in the discretion of the governing board the same is in the best interest of the University, provided that no increases can or will be effective unless approved by the governing board not less than thirty (30) days prior to the beginning of the academic term (semester, etc.) to which the fees are applicable and such increase does not exceed ten (10) percent over the fee level existing immediately prior to the increase, with all modification of fees to be effective irrespective as to whether fees have or have not been paid by or on behalf of a student prior to the effective date of the modification.
Personal Checks.
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Most departments with established graduate programs offer teaching and research assistantships to qualified graduate students. Appointments are usually half-time and carry stipends. Students receiving .5 FTE assistantships also receive a tuition scholarship covering residential and nonresidential educational fees. Students with these assistantships must register for a minimum of six credit hours in semesters in which they hold the assistantship. Please consult the Graduate School website for other policies concerning graduate assistantships. Teaching or research assistantship appointments are made directly by the departments. Inquires and applications for assistantships should be addressed to the director of the graduate program of the appropriate department.


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My Bloody Valentine 3D (US - BD)
Gabe ducks flying pick-axes, gouged eye-balls, and gushing blood. In 3D!
Ten years ago Tom Hanniger (Jensen Ackles), an inexperienced coal miner, caused a fiery accident in the Harmony mine that trapped and killed five men. There was only survivor, Harry Warden. Exactly one year later, on Valentine's Day, Harry Warden woke from his coma, and brutally murdered twenty-two people with a pickaxe before being killed. Ten years after that, Tom returns to Harmony on Valentine's Day, still haunted by the deaths he caused, and his witnessing of Warden's supposed death. Struggling to make amends with his past, he grapples with unresolved feelings for his ex-girlfriend Sarah (Jaime King), who is now married to his best friend Axel (Kerr Smith), the town sheriff. But tonight, after years of peace, something from Harmony's dark past has returned. Wearing a miner's mask and armed with a pickaxe.
The new My Bloody Valentine takes what I think is the ideal route for a bad movie remake. The original film gets a pass in its uncut form for some particularly gruesome and creative kills, and for a relatively adult treatment of the usual slasher formula, but anyone honestly up in arms about the adaptation is taking this whole genre a little too seriously. This particular remake doesn't take the Platinum Dunes route, it doesn't grit and grime the simplicity, yet the violence isn't dialled back. Actually it's amped pretty far beyond what was acceptable in the 1980s. The difference is that director Patrick Lussier and co-writers Todd Farmer and Zane Smith go out of their way to exact the roller coaster fun of the first generation of slashers. There's a place for the gritty 're-imaginings', they're just getting a little boring.
There's a large degree of 'why bother' that runs through my mind while watching yet another stalk and slash (especially one that openly recycles another plot), but for the most part these guys find a nice balance between comedy and more brutal horror. Since Wes Craven's Scream slasher films have struggled with self-awareness, swinging from constant and pointed self parody, all the way to deathly straight faced homage. My Bloody Valentine keeps the kills bloody, and plays with the clichés, but does it in a manner just self-aware enough to wink without becoming heavy handed. The script's mystery aspect (something that was a big part of early slashers) is full of cheats, and probably the closest we get to pretension out of the film, but is generally in-keeping with the admittedly low expectations most of us have for a bad slasher remake.
Shooting the film using the recently revitalized 3D gimmick just feeds the film's overall fun factor, and clearly proves that no one was taking anything too seriously, which is really the only way to approach such a production. Honestly this might have been enough to consider the film a relative success, but Lussier augments his supporting cast with cult favs Tom Atkins and Bingo O'Malley, and includes direct homage to some of the original film's best kills. There's also a scene towards the beginning of the film that might break a record for the longest full-frontal nude scene in any American studio horror film ever.
There are two video options on this Blu-ray release—2D and 3D. The 3D version is not the polarized version that was released in theatres, so those of us seeing the film for the first time aren't going to get the same thrill out of the home video release. Still, the 3D itself works pretty well, at least so far as in it appears that things are coming out of and moving into the screen. Despite not using the traditional red/blue process (these glasses are green and magenta) the colours are still way off, just as far off as we've come to expect from the format. It seems that even in high definition viewing colours through coloured lenses leads to discolouration in the final product. Overall I'd say the Hannah Montana concert film (which I reviewed on Blu-ray) is a slightly more successful 3D transfer, which suffers from slightly less discolouration.
The 2D version shows all the signs of a modified digital 3D production. I'm not familiar with the specifics of the process, but there are some problems that seem to be specific to it. One issue is focus, which is an obvious side effect of the 3D blocking. Another, more brutal issue is the fact that flattened 3D compositions are, well, flat in 2D. The most pertinent issue is born out of something like the frame rate, and that is slightly blurry motion. When the frame is still things are pretty highly detailed (definitely more so than the DVD version), and colours are relatively natural (even if contrast is pretty broad), but when in motion everything takes on a less than pristine look. The effect is similar to that of NTSC to PAL transfers, minus the skips, or a made for television soap opera. It's subtle, but uncanny. The digital additions to the digital effects, which were placed for 3D effects, look kind of terrible when flattened as well.
I have much less to say about this set's DTS-HD Master Audio track, but fans shouldn't take it as bad news. Basically we get exactly what we should expect from a modestly budgeted, semi-tongue-in-cheek 3D slasher movie—aggressive scare stabs, abstract and unmotivated sound effects (lots of whooshes as the like), and over-cranked, gooey gore sounds. The dialogue is clear and centred, even when the characters are not, and the majority of incidental effects are delegated to the same area. There are a handful of surround events, but the rear channels feature the most life during scenes inside the mine, which has an eerie sort of wind presence going on.
Assuming you're not counting the addition of the 3D version of the film (along with four sets of glasses) the extras begin with a good natured commentary track featuring director Patrick Lussier, and co-writer/supporting actor Todd Farmer. The track's tone is mostly light and congratulatory, but there's some good production notes mixed into everything. Fans aren't likely to learn a whole lot, but there are some healthy technical bits, and some mention of the deleted scenes.
'Deep Inside My Bloody Valentine' (07:20) is a behind the scenes featurette mostly concerned with film in the real location mine, the casting, and the 'Miner' as a character, complete with cast and crew interviews, behind the scenes footage, and scenes from the film. A slightly shorter version of this exact featurette can be seen on the special edition release of the original film, which tells you something about its commercial intensions. 'Sex, Blood, and Screams' (05:50) is concerned with the film's gore effects, and is made up of demonstrations with the original props, and comparative footage from the film.
Next are fourteen deleted and extended scenes, presented in a relatively finished, but non-anamorphic form. As per the norm these scenes are entirely unneeded, mostly made up of extra character beats, and repetitive narrative addition. No deleted for the R-rating gore here. There is also an alternate ending entitled 'Tom, Pick, and Harry', which picks up just after the revealing of the killer's identity. The difference is minimal, very minimal. Things are completed with a gag reel and the original trailer.
My Bloody Valentine is one of those less than glowing success stories that manages to outshine or at least meet most of the very minor expectations that come along with slasher movie remakes. The 3D gimmick doesn't really work on home video, not even hi-def, but it's still pretty fun, and sets the film apart from the rest of the horror remake pack. The strangest thing for me is the fact that both leads from Supernatural were in slasher remakes that came out in a row this year (Jared Padalecki was in Friday the 13th). That's too specific an event to be a coincidence.
* Note: The images on this page are not representative of the Blu-ray release.
Review by Gabriel Powers
chris burge Member Join Date: June 2005 Location: United States Posts: 215
I regret not seeing this in theaters. Damn, the pics are gruesome.
Billy Gates Member Join Date: November 2005 Location: United States Posts: 651
This was fun in the theaters but until they can properly present the original 3D version in homes, I won't watch the film again.
Tom Editor Join Date: May 2001 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 2,497
Geez, my eyes weren't f*cked till I looked at those screencaps! Heh
shaneo6930 Member Join Date: September 2007 Location: United States Posts: 175
I can't freaking wait to see this one. I hate that I missed it on the big screen. And are 2 slashers staring the leads from Supernatural coming out within a month of each other really a bad thing? I think not.
Bouncy X Member Join Date: March 2005 Location: Canada Posts: 1,931
Tom wrote: Geez, my eyes weren't f*cked till I looked at those screencaps! Heh
i hear ya.....almost got a headache.
this looks promising, i'll definately give it a rent.
i hear ya.....almost got a headache.
this looks promising, i'll definately give it a rent.
Nakedman Member Join Date: January 2009 Location: Australia Posts: 17
Does anyone know just how far off the process is of being able to get the same sort of 3D technology shown in cinemas?
Simon Abrams Member Join Date: June 2005 Location: United States Posts: 710
Saw this on the big screen for my birthday. It was a bad remake but a fun time at the movies thanks to the 3D.
Rorschach12 Member Join Date: April 2009 Location: Denmark Posts: 113
How come you dont rate the Movie, Picture, Sound and Extrs anymore?
John Member Join Date: May 2005 Location: United States Posts: 572
Simon Abrams wrote: Saw this on the big screen for my birthday. It was a bad remake but a fun time at the movies thanks to the 3D.
I didn't think it was a bad remake. I actually enjoyed this one much more than the original.
I didn't think it was a bad remake. I actually enjoyed this one much more than the original.
Fabricio De Zuasnabar Member Join Date: July 2005 Location: United States Posts: 1,350
i enjoyed this much more than the original...
it was kool!
i saw it twice on cinema...
and twice the time i loved it... just for the fun of it =)
just for curiosity i took a pair of glasses i got from the DVD and those pics look just like in the movie... on 3D =P awesome
it was kool!
i saw it twice on cinema...
and twice the time i loved it... just for the fun of it =)
just for curiosity i took a pair of glasses i got from the DVD and those pics look just like in the movie... on 3D =P awesome
kdtfiles Member Join Date: June 2009 Location: United States Posts: 1
I saw the movie in te theater in 3D and the effects were rather good - for a 3D movie. But I have to say the transfer to DVD was a huge let down. The glasses don't do it justice. some of the 3d stuff is off so rather than seeing a good 3d image it is blury
When I opened the box and started the movie I tried to use the 3d glasses I got when I went to see the movie - but as I expected they didn't work.
And contrary to what the info on the side of the page states (as of now, I've already sent the site people an email to fix it) but there IS and egg in the 2Disc Special Edition version. On the disc with the special features on it there is a page where you can click the arrow key - can't remember the page off the top of my head - and highlight the miner's goggle - takes you to a behind the scene clip of the sheriff guy making comments about the killer. Not great but it is something.
so I just checked my DVD.
2Disc Special Edition.
Disc 2>Deleted/Extended Scenes> on the first page highlight "More" press RIGHT to highlight the hidden symble.
When I opened the box and started the movie I tried to use the 3d glasses I got when I went to see the movie - but as I expected they didn't work.
And contrary to what the info on the side of the page states (as of now, I've already sent the site people an email to fix it) but there IS and egg in the 2Disc Special Edition version. On the disc with the special features on it there is a page where you can click the arrow key - can't remember the page off the top of my head - and highlight the miner's goggle - takes you to a behind the scene clip of the sheriff guy making comments about the killer. Not great but it is something.
so I just checked my DVD.
2Disc Special Edition.
Disc 2>Deleted/Extended Scenes> on the first page highlight "More" press RIGHT to highlight the hidden symble.
Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian
Disc Details
Release Date: 19th May 2009
Discs: 2
Disc Type: Blu-ray Disc
RCE: No
Video: 1080p
Aspect: 1.85:1
Anamorphic: No
Colour: Yes
Audio: DTS-HD Master 7.1 English, Dolby Digital 5.1 French
Subtitles: English SDH, French, and Spanish
Extras: Director and Producer Commentary, Deleted Scenes, Alternate Ending, Deep Inside My Bloody Valentine, Sex, Blood and Screams, Bloopers, Trailer
Easter Egg: No
Feature Details
Director: Patrick Lussier
Cast: Jensen Ackles, Jaime King, Kerr Smith, Betsy Rue, Edi Gathegi
Genre: Horror
Length: 101 minutes
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subset: commoncrawl


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It was typically quiet on my visit last week to Cocoa Village, a quaint district of antiques shops and eateries in Brevard County, but expect the place to be more rowdy next month — at least briefly.
On Feb. 9, the area tucked between State Road 520 and the Indian River will be celebrating Mardi Gras with a festive street party featuring a parade of glittery floats and a slate of musical acts that includes an authentic New Orleans brass ensemble, the Soul Rebels.
That band, which made a swing through Orlando in the spring, is the real deal. In addition to traditional Big Easy favorites, the group's repertoire boasts horn-powered interpretations of hits by Michael Jackson and Metallica. Tickets for the Cocoa Village Mardi Gras are $8 advance, $12 at the gate for adults, $5 advance and $8 at the gate for ages 12 and under. Visit cocoamardigras.com for details.
To beat the rush, I decided to take a Cocoa Village day trip to sample the sunshine and window-shop. Many of these independent businesses have been fixtures along the main drag of Brevard Avenue for years, weathering the tough economy with a combination of perseverance and inventive thinking.
At the Magic Dove Magic Shop (604 Brevard Ave.), the proprietors have turned the place into the headquarters for a local chapter of the Society of Young Magicians. Membership has blossomed to several hundred aspiring illusionists, who refine their skills on the shop's small stage at weekly Friday night meetings.
A few blocks away, next to Riverfront Park, Carolyn Seiler & Friends Artists Co-op offers a forum for painters, sculptors and other creative types. The working gallery (carolynseiler.com) hosts frequent events, such as an open house to introduce its new artists from 6 to 9 p.m. Saturday.
Both businesses are regular stops on my visits, along with a vintage vinyl outlet, Caroline's House of Records, and Stone Street Antiques. For lunch, find a sidewalk table at Ossorio Bakery & Cafe (316 Brevard Ave.) to nosh on a flatbread sandwich or pizza.
It's worth venturing off the main drag to A to Z Liquidators (625 Florida Ave.), with collectibles goofy to the gorgeous.
Gorgeous also would describe the view of the Indian River from Riverfront Park. Soon, it'll be Mardi Gras central, but it's also worth celebrating on a quiet afternoon.


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eBooks are digital versions of books that can be viewed on your computer, eReaders, smartphones and tablets. eBooks are available to residents of West Bloomfield, or one of our contract communities, with a library card in good standing. The West Bloomfield Township Public Library offers eBooks from three different sources:
What eBook readers are compatible with 3M eBooks?
An easy to use service, 3M is compatible with tablets, smartphones, Kindle Fires, Nooks and computers. For a full list of compatible devices, visit the 3M Cloud Library online.
What eBook readers are compatible with OverDrive's eBooks?
View the Compatible eBook Readers
Step by step guides:


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A True-Life Novel
Half Broke Horses
A True-Life Novel
"Those old cows knew trouble was coming before we did." So begins the story of Lily Casey Smith, in Jeannette Walls's magnificent, true-life novel based on her no-nonsense, resourceful, hard working, and spectacularly compelling grandmother. By age six, Lily was helping her father break horses. At fifteen, she left home to teach in a frontier town -- riding five hundred miles on her pony, all alone, to get to her job. She learned to drive a car ("I loved cars even more than I loved horses. They didn't need to be fed if they weren't working, and they didn't leave big piles of manure all over the place") and fly a plane, and, with her husband, ran a vast ranch in Arizona. She raised two children, one of whom is Jeannette's memorable mother, Rosemary Smith Walls, unforgettably portrayed in The Glass Castle.
Lily survived tornadoes, droughts, floods, the Great Depression, and the most heartbreaking personal tragedy. She bristled at prejudice of all kinds -- against women, Native Americans, and anyone else who didn't fit the mold. Half Broke Horses is Laura Ingalls Wilder for adults, as riveting and dramatic as Isak Dinesen's Out of Africa or Beryl Markham's West with the Night. It will transfix readers everywhere.
- Scribner |
- 288 pages |
- October 2009
Browse Related Books
Reading Group Guide
Jeannette Walls's grandmother Lily Casey Smith is the kind of woman who built this country: resourceful, hardworking, and smart. Full of spunk and with a strong will to do whatever she puts her mind to, she can break a wild horse by the time she is six years old. At age fifteen, she leaves home to teach in a frontier town, riding five hundred miles across New Mexico with nothing but her pony for company and her pearl-handled revolver for protection. She tries living and working in Chicago, where she meets her first husband, but betrayal and loss soon drive her back to ranch life—caring for livestock and respecting the land are what she does best. Together, she and her second husband manage a 180,000-acre ranch and Lily uses her incredible pluck and ingenuity to supplement their meager income. They raise two children, one of whom is Jeannette Walls's mother, Rosemary Smith Walls. With little more than Lily's resourcefulness to see more
Articles About This Book
Posted on Off the Shelf
Posted by Brianne Sperber
Half Broke Horses, Jeannette Walls's "true-life" novel based on the life of her grandmother, Lily Casey Smith, is called "Laura Ingalls Wilder for adults" on the flap copy. For someone who loved reading Little House on the Prairie, I can say that...


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Favourite 'Live' Covers
what are your favorite 'live' covers? when i say live i mean like either at a gig, or live lounge session at radio station etc...here's just a few that i think are pretty good.
Fightstar covering deftones on Xfm - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIvMGqzw44E
i know there not really a DIS sort of band but i think this is really great.
Morning Parade cvering Sufjan Stevens - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHg9wUvgxCk
another band not liked on DIS but once again i think this is a really great cover.
so, whats yours?
thanks, wasn't really aware of this song (or Vic Chesnutt in honesty), but it sounds lovely - i'l check out some more of both Vic and Ed's stuff - any recommendations?
In all honesty I haven't actually listened to this song
just picked the first Live song I could find. I'm not really a fan, although I was really into their album Throwing Copper growing up, I assume you've heard that one? Despite all the shit this band gets, Selling the Drama is a guilty 90's favourite http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSHAqHA-SPc
favourite live covers
oops, sorry i think youve slightly mis-interpreted the thread topic here - i meant live as in not a studio recording, but actually played live. I dont mind what band it is lol. Id not actually listened to Live the band before this so you have at least introduced me to a new band lol
this is great - Ryan adaams is a legend. thanks for the post
Can I tell you the worst one I ever saw?
I saw Patti Smith this one time, and she did this super moody cover of "Smells Like Teen Spirit", and it was absolutely deplorable. The worst cover I have ever heard. Including this one:


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For those seeking a traditional campus experience, SCU is dedicated to providing a Christ-centered liberal arts education for anyone who wants to see their potential grow.
We offer a range of well-designed programs taught entirely in the evenings and online, offering the flexibility of completing your program when and where it works for you.
Are you an adult student looking for a Christian education that will help prepare you for success in your career?
SCU offers interactive and meaningful instruction for your academic journey.
Learn More
Involve yourself in the many opportunities that SCU provides from the classroom, to the athletic field, and beyond.
Go Eagles! We are part of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), compete in the Sooner Athletic Conference (SAC), and the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) Division I Level.
Financial aid, including grants and loans, is available for those who qualify. The goal of the SCU Financial Aid Office is to simplify the process by giving you the support and tools you need.
Scholarship • Spirit • Service. We embrace this motto at SCU to help equip students for a life of learning, leadership, and service. If you possess the like-minded core values, SCU would make the perfect place for you to succeed and excel in careers, callings, and life.


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Energy is essential to nearly all aspects of our lives but it means different things to different people. In the developed world energy can mean petrol to run cars, electricity for lights and computers. In the developing world, it can mean survival: being able to boil water to avoid disease. Millions of people, mostly women and children, spend many hours a day collecting fuel for heating and cooking.
Of those living in poverty and environmental vulnerability, women bear the heaviest burden. Of the two million people who die annually from breathing smoke from inefficient stoves and ovens, over 85% are women and children.
How are gender and energy related?
Energy is sensitive to gender because:
- The absence of modern energy sources and renewable energy technologies in the rural developing world affects women and men differently. Most women in rural communities devote almost all of their day to carrying out basic tasks without receiving the benefits that renewable energy technologies offer. They depend largely on fuelwood for their most basic energy needs.
- The energy interests of women are often ignored. Well-intentioned energy projects can inadvertently increase the heavy burden of women by not taking into account their particular situation. Very few women in vulnerable social or environmental conditions are involved in energy planning or have the ability or opportunity to voice their needs.
- Women bear the brunt of the 'invisible' human energy crisis, reflected in the time and effort they spend pumping water, or using inefficient energy sources for agriculture and transport. They need more modern, sustainable energy sources which can improve their work and their quality of life, both inside and outside the home.
- Women have less access than men to land and credit, and to the information needed to take advantage of opportunities to improve their access to energy and generate income from micro-enterprises.
- Women and men handle knowledge and experience of energy differently, either through their traditional roles or newly emerging roles.
Facts about women and energy*
- 43% of the global population still relies on solid fuels for household use, resulting in dramatic impacts on health, especially for women and children.
- Some 71% of people living in rural areas use traditional biomass, primarily wood, for cooking, while 70% of those living in urban areas rely on modern fuels, especially gas.
- Worldwide almost two million deaths annually from pneumonia, chronic lung disease, and lung cancer are associated with exposure to indoor air pollution resulting from cooking with solid fuels, and 99% of them occur in developing countries.
- Of the 2 million people who die each year from smoke from inefficient cook stoves, more than 85% are women and children.
*source: UN Women
Addressing gender in energy policy
Evidence from developing countries suggests that concentrating investment in energy services associated with production activity (generally considered to be carried out by men) has neglected the needs of rural households. This has led to policies that are not only gender biased but are also less effective in reducing poverty.
Renewable energy technologies are being promoted as a global solution to climate change mitigation. But the traditional view of energy planning as simply providing energy sources needs to change to ensure that the social and economic circumstances of the people who need it are considered.
Increased access to clean, affordable fuel and technology for cooking and heating, as well as motorized equipment for grinding grain and pumping water can bring immediate benefits, especially for women and girls. Household lighting and communications equipment allows women, who often run home-based businesses, to expand their working, leisure and education time, and engage more fully in community affairs.
Deciding the appropriate technology for each particular situation, training needs, access to available technologies and finance, and generating energy policies that benefit women and men equally and can be a challenge for planners.
The first step to ensure the participation of women in projects and make sure that renewable energy policy empowers them. This can be done educating them on available technologies and the potential benefits or disadvantages.
To understand the gender implications of energy issues, it is important to raise questions about roles: who does what, who owns what, who makes decisions about what and how, who wins and loses in a planned intervention.
This allows policy makers to assess the potential impact that an energy policy or project will have on women and men.


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ClassLink 8 is the latest in Viglen's acclaimed ClassLink range. Now supporting Microsoft Windows Vista clients, it also comes complete with the latest version of Remote Learning. Built on Microsoft Windows 2003 server technology, ClassLink 8 is robust, reliable and totally industry standard. The ClassLink 8 administrator interface simplifies everyday tasks, allowing schools to benefit from increased manageability, productivity and scalability.
ClassLink gives teachers ICT tools that can be used across the curriculum — allowing them to effectively control, monitor and manage teaching and learning in the classroom.
ClassLink ensures that pupils can logon to any machine on the network to carry on with their work and allows rapid access to ICT resources.
ClassLink simplifies complex network management issues, providing excellent communication and auditing tools, a remote support service and system security, helping lower the running costs associated with a computer network.
ClassLink is a feature packed product that manages to maintain simplicity. It is simple to learn, manage, use and administer, affording your school maximum flexibility with ICT.
Enables the school to decide what applications and PC utilities are available to each student or group.
ClassLink disk quota allows for predefined amounts of disk space to be allocated to each user, sharing system resources efficiently. The system warns users when nearing their limit and allows students to do the necessary housekeeping in time.
ClassLink allows you to define your own user groups. Year groups, subject groups, special interests and guests can all be accommodated, making management easy and cutting down administration time.
ClassLink allows you to effectively track how and when pupils and teachers use the system, including the ability to monitor and log the use of the Internet and specific sites visited.
Teaching staff can also be empowered to perform tasks, such as changing forgotten passwords or helping with printer queues.
ClassLink is pre-populated and designed to reflect a typical school structure, which is easy to expand or tailor.
ClassLink security offers our most secure network ever whilst being industry standard, and remaining stable and robust.
Utilising an intuitive web-based user interface, ClassLink is easy to navigate. A fast search function has also been incorporated into ClassLink enabling teachers to find any resource quickly and efficiently.
ClassLink allows you to ban students from using the Internet as well as preventing students from downloading certain file types such as MP3.
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Take Care of Your Feet for a Lifetime
Do you want to lower your chances of getting foot problems that can lead to the loss of a toe, foot, or leg? It's all about taking care of your feet. Reminder: Call your doctor right away if a cut, blister, or bruise on your foot does not begin to heal after a few days.
Why is foot care important?
Over time, diabetes can cause you to lose feeling in your feet. When you lose feeling in your feet, you may not feel a pebble inside your sock or a blister on your foot, which can lead to cuts and sores. Diabetes also can lower the amount of blood flow in your feet. Numbness and less blood flow in the feet can lead to foot problems. Foot care is very important for all people with diabetes, but even more so if you have: pain or loss of feeling in your feet (numbness, tingling) changes in the shape of your feet or toes sores, cuts, or ulcers on your feet that do not heal If you take care of your feet every day, you can lower your chances of losing a toe, foot, or leg. Managing your blood sugar can also help keep your feet healthy. Work with your health care team to make a diabetes plan that fits your lifestyle and includes foot care. The team may include your doctor, a diabetes educator, a nurse, a foot doctor (podiatrist) and other specialists who can help you manage your diabetes.
- Check your feet every day. Check your feet for cuts, sores, red spots, swelling, and infected toenails. You may have foot problems, but feel no pain in your feet. Check your feet each evening when you take off your shoes. If you have trouble bending over to see your feet, use a mirror to help. You can also ask a family member or caregiver to help you.
- Wash your feet every day. Wash your feet in warm, not hot, water. Do not soak your feet because your skin will get dry. Before bathing or showering, test the water to make sure it is not too hot. You can use a thermometer (90° to 95° F is safe) or your elbow to test the water. Use talcum powder or cornstarch to keep the skin between your toes dry to prevent infection.
- Keep the skin soft and smooth. Rub a thin coat of lotion, cream, or petroleum jelly on the tops and bottoms of your feet. Do not put lotion or cream between your toes because this might cause an infection.
- Smooth corns and calluses gently. Thick patches of skin called corns or calluses can grow on the feet. If you have corns or calluses, check with your foot doctor about the best way to care for them. If your doctor tells you to, use a pumice stone to smooth corns and calluses after bathing or showering. A pumice stone is a type of rock used to smooth the skin. Rub gently, only in one direction, to avoid tearing the skin. Do not cut corns and calluses. Do not use razor blades, corn plasters, or liquid corn and callus removers - they can damage your skin and cause an infection.
If you can see, reach, and feel your feet, trim your toenails regularly.
- Trim your toenails with nail clippers after you wash and dry your feet.
- Trim your toenails straight across and smooth the corners with an emery board or nail file. This prevents the nails from growing into the skin.
- Do not cut into the corners of the toenail.
- Have a foot doctor trim your toenails if: you cannot see or feel your feet you cannot reach your feet your toenails are thick or yellowed your nails curve and grow into the skin
- Wear shoes and socks at all times. Wear shoes and socks at all times. Do not walk barefoot when indoors or outside. It is easy to step on something and hurt your feet. You may not feel any pain and not know that you hurt yourself. Make sure you wear socks, stockings, or nylons with your shoes to keep from getting blisters and sores. Choose clean, lightly padded socks that fit well. Socks that have no seams are best. Check inside your shoes before you put them on. Make sure the lining is smooth and that there are no objects in your shoes. Wear shoes that fit well and protect your feet.
- Protect your feet from hot and cold. Wear shoes at the beach and on hot pavement. You may burn your feet and may not know it. Put sunscreen on the top of your feet to prevent sunburn. Keep your feet away from heaters and open fires. Do not put hot water bottles or heating pads on your feet. Wear socks at night if your feet get cold. Wear lined boots in the winter to keep your feet warm.
- Keep the blood flowing to your feet. Wiggle your toes for 5 minutes, 2 or 3 times a day. Move your ankles up and down and in and out to help blood flow in your feet and legs. Do not cross your legs for long periods of time. Do not wear tight socks, elastic, or rubber bands around your legs. Do not smoke. Smoking can lower the amount of blood flow to your feet. Ask for help to stop smoking.
- Be more active. Being active improves blood flow to the feet. Ask your health care team for safe ways to be more active each day. Move more by walking, dancing, swimming, or going bike riding. If you are not very active, start slowly. Find safe places to be active. Wear athletic shoes that give support and are made for your activity.
- Be sure to ask your health care team to: Doctor inspecting patients' feet to check your feet at every visit; check the sense of feeling and pulses in your feet at least once a year; show you how to care for your feet; refer you to a foot doctor if needed; tell you if special shoes would help protect your feet.
- Take care of your diabetes. Work with your health care team to make a plan to manage your diabetes. Ask your health care team to help you set and reach goals for managing your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol. Ask your team to help you choose safe ways to be more active each day and choose healthy foods to eat.
Wearing the right type of shoes is important for keeping your feet healthy. Walking shoes and athletic shoes are good for daily wear. They support your feet and allow them to "breathe." Never wear vinyl or plastic shoes, because they do not stretch or "breathe." When buying shoes, make sure they feel good and have enough room for your toes. Do not wear shoes with pointed toes or high heels often. They put too much pressure on your toes. Buy shoes at the end of the day when your feet are the largest so that you can find the best fit.
Medicare and other insurance for special footwear: You may need special shoes or shoe inserts to support your feet. Medicare Part B insurance may cover some of the cost of special shoes or inserts. Ask your doctor if your insurance plan will pay for: Depth shoes or inserts. Depth shoes look like walking shoes, but have more room in them. The extra room is for different shaped feet and toes, or for inserts made to fit your feet.
Things to remember: Set a time every day to check your feet. Wear socks and shoes at all times. Write down the date of your next visit to the doctor. Go to all of your appointments and ask any questions that you have. Set a date for getting the things you need to take care of your feet: nail clippers, pumice stone, emery board, skin lotion, talcum powder, plastic mirror, socks, walking shoes, and slippers. Stop smoking. Manage your diabetes so you can prevent foot problems.


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Otoe County officials are looking for suspects after linking a fire in Syracuse to an active methamphetamine lab.
Chief Deputy Mike Holland said remnants of a meth lab were discovered after firefighters responded to a fire in the garage of a duplex.
A silver car with Nemaha County plates was reported leaving the area.
The Otoe County Sheriff's Office says a methamphetamine lab was found in Syracuse after authorities responded to the report of a fire in a garage at a duplex.
Chief Deputy Mike Holland said firefighters reported the smell of ammonia while extinguishing the fire at the 200 block of Ninth Street.
"Upon further investigation remnants of a clandestine meth lab were found," Holland said.
Holland said he suspects that suspects in the garage caused a spark while stripping lithium batteries and said the spark ignited some flammable source.
No one was taken into custody, but deputies received a report of a silver car with Nemaha County plates leaving the scene.
A 19-year-old male was taken to the hospital, but Holland said his condition may have been independent of the fire.
Holland said he suspects a meth lab was in progress when the fire started.


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October 23, 2012
Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It: First Steps for the New Managing Partner
Your Mission, Should You Choose to Accept It: First Steps for the New Managing Partner
So they've made you managing partner. I won't ask how it happened. Every law firm has its own Rube Goldberg method of choosing who will be in charge. Whether by election, appointment, general acclamation, process of elimination or plain old musical chairs, let me just say this: Congratulations! You are about to have the most interesting, frustrating, energizing, challenging, rewarding and creative period of your career.
From the very first moment, regardless of your firm's size, every single partner will watch with a critical eye while you perform what feels like a high-wire act-for which, chances are, you've received no training and may even get a cut in pay. And while you may be allowed a learning curve of sorts, it won't be long and it will most certainly be steep.
If you're lucky, on the road to this job you had the chance to observe an effective predecessor-someone who might now serve as a role model and a good starting point for your thinking. If you're unlucky and no one has ever really done this job before (at least not in a way you'd like to duplicate), you're going to have to either make it up as you go along or draw on experiences and observations beyond the firm-like your former firm, bar committees, nonprofit board work, church, school or even community groups. But in the end, truth be told, luck is going to have little to do with it. This is going to be work.
So let's get you launched with a short list of savvy first steps for the new managing partner.
Take Stock
Find out where the firm stands at present. How do things look on the financial side? On the people side, is everyone busy and engaged? What went before you that you'll need to make up for now? Whose ox was gored in the last compensation round? Which practice is fading and in need of new blood? Figure out whether there are obvious elephant-in-the-room problems that beg for solutions. If there are, consider how you'll solve them. Nothing will get you full firm support faster than eliminating a long-ignored but chafing issue. Taking stock is the critical first step. Get it out of the way quickly and well. As John McPhee wrote of Senator Bill Bradley, the three-time All-American, when he was playing hoops at Princeton he could shoot nearly blind from anywhere on the court. At all times, he said, you've got to have "a sense of where you are."
- Spend one-on-one time with the previous managing partner and other prior and current members of firm leadership. Find out what they think needs to happen next . and where the skeletons are buried.
- Take a listening tour or two through the firm, asking for advice and information from everyone you meet-staff, lawyers and clients. This is the last chance you will have to take the position of knowing nothing, so use it.
- Get an executive summary from your chief finance person, as well as the complete data that accompanies it. Sit with him or her and open your mind to possibilities that may have been pooh-poohed in the past. Challenging the status quo is at least half of your new job.
- Examine your biases, and ask others what your biases are perceived to be.
- Ask staff managers for any information they feel will be helpful, and elicit a promise that they'll feed you helpful info going forward as well.
Get Help
Put others to work and begin to build a support structure for yourself. Now is the time to identify all the players in firm management-formal and informal-and to make it plain that you understand and appreciate the critical role they will continue to play in ensuring the firm's future.
Your most important contact-in fact, your new best friend-will be the firm's administrator or office manager. Do everything in your power to build a trusting and dynamic relationship here. This can't be overstated. Managing partners who find themselves at odds with the administrator, or who lumber along with a poorly performing one, waste months and sometimes years rectifying the situation as well as its fallout.
In addition to the chief administrator and the ubiquitous management committee, many managing partners also enjoy an informal "kitchen cabinet" of experts who help keep them informed and on point. The most valuable members will be those who speak truth to power and bring historical as well as cultural perspective to the table. Yours might include a group as diverse as a semi-retired partner, the last managing partner's secretary, a key outspoken partner ally and an up-and-coming young lawyer. Your choices will be driven by specifics of personality, in-firm dynamics and myriad other things. But if you get the right group around you and trust them to keep you on the beam, you'll sleep better at night.
- Learn what all your administrative people do-and whether they can propose new and better ways of doing things.
- Spend as much time as possible building a collaborative relationship with your firm administrator or office manager-and plan to tend it often.
- Identify and appoint an informal support group inside the firm.
- Consider an advisory board of clients and others outside the firm who bring real-life business perspectives to the table.
- Ask for help and promise respect. The best leaders are those who involve and listen to all voices, demonstrate respect for contribution, and take every chance to deflect praise from themselves onto those who help.
Think Big Perspective-But Implement Structure, Too
If you have any kind of personal agenda, check it at the door. Effective today, you must view everything from a new vantage point. Bad behavior among partners is no longer someone else's problem. Business strategy for the future of the firm is now your responsibility. Conversely, your personal compensation does now lay in someone else's bailiwick. In that respect, your only job is to make the decision about your remuneration easy by excelling in your role. From now on, you're thinking big, not small.
At the same time, you need to remember that very few people thrive on change. In fact, change in any form unsettles most. So stay clear of turning the firm upside down in your very first days. Instead, to keep everyone calm, working hard, focused on the good of the firm and feeling reassured as you take the reins, establish some rules of the game up front. And tell everyone what those rules are so people know what to expect.
For example, how, where and by whom will decisions be made-by consensus, by majority vote, by default . by you? How often will management meetings be held? What will their purpose be, and who sets the agenda? Who is expected to be there? Are the meetings open to others in the firm?
Answer as many of the easy questions as quickly as possible. If things will simply continue as they did before, then by all means say so. Leave little room for idle speculation. Once your people feel reassured, they'll be far more likely to support your bigger plans.
- Send a memo "to all" about who is in charge of what, when meetings will be held and how to communicate with firm leadership.
- Organize in whatever way necessary to ensure timely and accurate communication with all stakeholders about new decisions, issues, developments and the like. Your watchwords here: two-way communication!
- Seek out the inspiration and perspective of other managing partners on how to forge ahead. Identify a national or regional roundtable of MPs from firms of your size in other locations, then sign up and participate regularly. This network will be your lifeline as you proceed in your new role.
- Steel yourself to make the really tough decisions.
Develop Your Plan
Whether you see your job as taking the firm to the next great level or just keeping revenues up and expenses down, you're going to need a solid plan. Without a plan, every discussion will be based on opinion rather than fact and every decision will be a zerobased one. So figure out how you're going to set a plan, and then do it.
Smart leaders involve those who will be led, so your plan could result from a two-day partner retreat, a series of conference calls, an online collaboration or any combination of those things. Bringing in a facilitator instead of trying to lead the discussion yourself is almost always a good idea. You will be perceived as having a personal agenda-even if you don't-and that is guaranteed to block progress. But the critical part is to co-opt potential naysayers through inclusion in the planning process. And frankly, it is almost always true that a better work product results from the involvement of many minds.
Remember, you don't always have to know the answers, but you do have to know how to get them.
- Figure out how you'll go about creating a plan, and then put the process in motion. Be realistic about what can be accomplished in a certain amount of time.
- For guidance on the hows and whys of law firm planning, broaden your reading habits. What do other managing partners read? Seek out periodicals, books and blogs.
- Complete the plan and then communicate it to all stakeholders. Be careful not to set the bar too high in the beginning. Look for some early wins to establish credibility.
- Accomplish the plan. Critical in this will be referencing the plan in all decision discussions-for example, "Remember, we said we would limit geographic expansion until we get the new computer system up and running."
Lead with Grace
It is your job to set the tone for the rest of the firm. If you dole out favors to longtime friends and hold grudges against others, pettiness will quickly become the norm. If you routinely delegate decision making and share the power, however, teamwork and collaboration will invariably seep into the other work of the firm.
Set some standards for your own behavior-if you haven't already- and try like crazy to stick to them: Say thank you. Listen. Recognize contribution. Admit your own errors. Keep confidences. Expect the best. Forgive mistakes. Be generous. Honor others' differences. Start on time. Be modest.
While it may not seem a perfect fit in the beginning, the number one job of a managing partner is to lead. And the role of a leader, above all else, is to give meaning to the work to be done. Practically anyone with a law degree can run a meeting, write up an agenda, manage a project or the like. It is the leaders among us who create a vision of something new, who share that vision in a way that inspires, and who speak to the emotional as well as intellectual needs of the team.
Or, you could just mind the store, avoid bothering anyone and wait for the next guy to come along and take it over.
What's it going to be?
About the Author
Merrilyn Astin Tarlton , is principal in Astin Tarlton. She helps law firms think and act differently about managing the practice of law. A Past President of the College of Law Practice Management, she blogs on innovation at www.astintarlton.typepad.com.


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The agent for Paul Rabil said the former Johns Hopkins lacrosse All-American will make "a couple of million dollars" through endorsement contracts over the next few years, Bloomberg reported Wednesday, calling Rabil "the sport's first million-dollar man."
Rabil, who now stars for the Boston Cannons of Major League Lacrosse and the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League, has deals with Warrior, Red Bull, Nooka watches, Polk Audio, EFX performance bracelets and Snap Fitness Inc.
"The biggest thing has been social media," Rabil said of his marketing success; he has more than 63,000 "likes" on his Facebook page, and more than 34,000 users follow him on Twitter.
The article included a photo of New England Patriots coach Bill Belichick (Annapolis) wearing a shirt from the Rabil collection.
"Marketing isn't my thing, but I have no problem aligning myself with Paul Rabil on anything," Belichick, who played lacrosse at Wesleyan and whose daughter, Amanda, is an assistant for the Ohio State women's team, told Bloomberg.
Check out the article here.


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Going my way, friend?
Most rockets sit on a launch pad until they blast off. But one special little rocket needs no launch pad at all. This rocket, called Pegasus, put NASA's GALEX space telescope into Earth orbit.
Pegasus rockets are very small and can carry only a small spacecraft that weighs less than 450 kilograms (1000 pounds). GALEX weighs only 280 kilograms (about 617 pounds).
Pegasus works by hitching a ride (with the spacecraft inside) under the belly of an L-1011 jumbo jet named Stargazer. Stargazer takes the Pegasus up to about 12 kilometers (40,000 feet). This is about as high as this plane can fly. Then, the plane lets go of Pegasus. For a few seconds Pegasus falls freely, waiting for the plane to get out of the way. Then Pegasus fires its first stage engine and heads for space, ferrying the spacecraft the rest of the way to Earth orbit.
It is much less expensive to launch a small spacecraft using Pegasus than using a larger rocket that pushes off from the ground.
Pegasus has a delta-shaped (triangle-shaped) wing. The wing helps lift the rocket higher in Earth's atmosphere. But unlike a plane, the rocket keeps going higher even after the air becomes too thin for the wing to help. Once separated from the Stargazer, it took Pegasus only about 10 more minutes to boost GALEX all the way to orbit. This is fast!
By the way, why can't an airplane just fly into space? Why do we even need rockets?