text:
PRESS RELEASE: Phoenix rise up with MHM generators
Phoenix Hire and Sales, the South Wales based hire company have expanded their hire fleet of generators with the purchase of two 33kVA super-silenced sets from MHM Plant.
The company, which has just celebrated its tenth year in business, already has a fleet of MHM petrol and diesel generators from 4.0 to 70.0kVA. They opted for the MHM GE33 SSY sets following a specific request from one of their clients.
Gary Derraven, Phoenix Hire and Sales Managing Director said, "We took the decision some time ago to standardise on the full range of MHM generators. These two 33.0kVA sets are a new size for us, but following our policy to always respond to individual customer requirements, we selected these generators as they matched our customer's exact requirements."
The MHM 33kVA generator features a Linz alternator driven by the latest Yanmar diesel engine. With the MHM-Gen engine protection shutdown system fitted as standard, the hirer will be guarded against low fuel, low oil pressure, high engine temperature and battery charge failure. The set is fitted with a fully bunded base, helping to resist any ground contamination from oil or fuel.
Phoenix Hire and Sales base their purchasing policy on three standards; Customer Acceptance, Reliability and Price. They can confirm that MHM complies exactly too these three measures.
Phoenix Hire and Sales also takes advantage of the MHM re-hire service, which gives them enhanced coverage throughout the UK and an excellent back up to their own fleet. This service helps them to extend their scope of supply without having to compromise any commercial privacy.
Gary added, "When you're dealing with MHM your dealing with real people who care about your business with a passion."
2018 saw Phoenix Hire and Sales reach 10 years in business. The company was originally founded by Gary Derraven in 2008 'out of the ashes' of Kingfisher Hire. They marked this milestone by a special event open to all staff and their partners held at the Vale of Glamorgan resort. The Phoenix Hire and Sales teams were treated to food and drink, with the entertainment provided by a Tom Jones tribute act.
MHM has its head office in Port Talbot, South Wales, with a satellite depot in Coatbridge, Scotland and a Greater London location coming soon. They supply a range of power generation machines from 3 to 100kVA, silent and super-silent, throughout the UK. The company also operates a national rehire service to rental companies wishing to provide a hire service to their clients without having to endure costly capital outlay.


text:
Centennial Resource Development Announces Strategic Entry into Northern Delaware Basin and Increases 2020 Oil Production Target to 60,000 Barrels Per Day
GMT Acquisition Overview:
- 11,860 net acres in
Lea County, New Mexico
• 79% operated with 85% average working interest
• 77% State Lands, 19% Federal and 4% Fee
- Average net production of approximately 2,100 barrels equivalent per day ("Boe/d") during the first quarter of 2017
• Approximately 77% oil
- Identified approximately 255 gross horizontal drilling locations in the
Avalon Shale, 2nd Bone Spring Sand, 3rd Bone Spring Sandand Wolfcamp A formations
- Estimated undeveloped resource potential of over 91 MMBoe
• Additional upside potential from the 1st Bone
Spring Sand, 2nd Bone Spring Shale, 3rd Bone Spring Carbonate and Wolfcamp B formations
- Significant upside potential related to additional zones and future downspacing
• Current inventory includes drilling locations in four zones
• Conservative inventory spacing compared to offset operators
• Potential upside from four additional prospective zones
"Located in the sweet-spot of the Bone Spring trend, this acquisition marks our entry into the
GMT Acquisition Highlights
Increases Delaware Basinposition to ~88,000 net acres from ~76,000 net acres at year-end 2016
- Located in
Southern New Mexicodirectly north of the prolific Red Hillsarea
- Significantly de-risked by offset operators
• Largest non-operated partners include
EOG Resources, Inc.and Concho Resources, Inc.
- Minimal drilling requirements; ~67% held by production
• Expect less than one operated drilling rig to hold acreage
Based on a thorough technical review by Centennial's geoscience team, the Company is optimistic about the exploration and development potential on the newly acquired acreage. Centennial has significant subsurface control through 36 existing horizontal wells on the acquired acreage as well as significant industry activity surrounding the acreage. Through petrophysical analysis of prior well results, Centennial identified four primary targets: the
First Quarter 2017 Update
Centennial's estimated average daily oil production volumes during the first quarter of 2017 were approximately 10,500 Bbls/d, which represents an increase of 65% compared to average daily oil production volumes for the period from
The initial estimate for first quarter of 2017 oil production is a preliminary estimate and, accordingly, remains subject to change which could be significant. As previously announced, the Company plans to release detailed results for the first quarter of 2017 on
Updated 2017 Operational Plans and Targets
Pro-forma for the pending acquisition, Centennial is increasing the mid-point of its 2017 production guidance to 25,750 Boe/d from the previously announced 24,500 Boe/d. Additionally, the Company is raising the mid-point of its 2017 oil production guidance from 14,850 Bbls/d to 15,750 Bbls/d.
While there are currently no operated rigs on the GMT acreage, Centennial expects to add one operated horizontal rig on the acquired acreage during the third quarter of 2017 and spud approximately five gross horizontal wells through year-end. Four wells are expected to be completed and placed on production late this year. Well costs on the acquired acreage are estimated to be similar to the Company's
The following table shows Centennial's 2017 operational guidance updated for the announced acquisition:
|2017 FY Guidance
|2017 FY Guidance
|Net Average Daily Production (Boe/d)
|22,500 - 26,500
|23,600 - 27,900
|Oil Net Average Daily Production (Bbls/d)
|14,000 - 15,700
|14,850 - 16,650
|Production Costs
|Lease Operating Expense ($/Boe)
|($3.25) - ($3.75)
|($3.25) - ($3.75)
|Transportation, Processing, Gathering
|($3.10) - ($3.60)
|($3.10) - ($3.60)
|and Other ($/Boe)
|Depreciation, Depletion, Amortization and
|($18.00) - ($20.00)
|($18.00) - ($20.00)
|Accretion of Asset Retirement Obligations ($/Boe)
|Cash General and Administrative ($/Boe)
|($3.00) - ($3.75)
|($3.00) - ($3.75)
|Severance and Ad Valorem Taxes (% of Revenue)
|6% - 8%
|6% - 8%
|Capital Expenditure Program ($MM)
|$500 - $585
|$535 - $625
|D&C Capital Expenditure
|$440 - $500
|$475 - $540
|$50 - $70
|$50 - $70
|Facilities, Seismic and Other
|$10 - $15
|$10 - $15
|Operated Drilling Program
|Wells Spud (Gross)
|60 - 70
|65 - 75
|Wells Completed (Gross)
|60 - 70
|65 - 75
Financing and Liquidity Highlights
Centennial intends to finance the purchase price of the acquisition from GMT, subject to market conditions and other factors, through proceeds from one or more capital markets transactions. The Company anticipates that the financing will be leverage neutral on a forward-looking and pro forma basis. The acquisition is expected to close during the second quarter of 2017.
Centennial recently completed its regularly scheduled semi-annual borrowing base redetermination which resulted in a
As of
Conference Call
Centennial will make available a pre-recorded conference call for investors on
Anyone wishing to listen to the recording may do so by calling (855) 859-2056. For participants outside of the U.S., the dial-in number is (404) 537-3406. The conference ID number is 16693304. The recording will be available until
No Offer or Solicitation
This communication is for informational purposes only and shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities pursuant to the proposed transactions or otherwise, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which the offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The information in this press release includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical fact included in this press release, regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. When used in this press release, the words "could," "believe," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "project" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions about future events and are based on currently available information as to the outcome and timing of future events.
Forward-looking statements may include statements about:
- our business strategy;
- our reserves;
- our drilling prospects, inventories, projects and programs;
- our ability to replace the reserves we produce through drilling and property acquisitions;
- our financial strategy, liquidity and capital required for our development program;
- our realized oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids ("NGL") prices;
- the timing and amount of our future production of oil, natural gas and NGLs;
- our hedging strategy and results;
- our future drilling plans;
- our competition and government regulations;
- our ability to obtain permits and governmental approvals;
- our pending legal or environmental matters;
- our marketing of oil, natural gas and NGLs;
- our leasehold or business acquisitions;
- our costs of developing our properties;
- general economic conditions;
- credit markets;
- uncertainty regarding our future operating results;
- our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions contained in this press release that are not historical;
- successful integration and future performance of acquired assets and operations, including the assets and operations acquired in the acquisition from GMT; and
- the other factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the
SECon March 23, 2017(the "Annual Report"), and any updates to those factors set forth in our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K.
We caution you that these forward-looking statements are subject to all of the risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, incident to the development, production, gathering and sale of oil and natural gas. These risks include, but are not limited to, commodity price volatility, inflation, lack of availability of drilling and production equipment and services, environmental risks, drilling and other operating risks, regulatory changes, the uncertainty inherent in estimating reserves and in projecting future rates of production, cash flow and access to capital, the timing of development expenditures and the other risks described under "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report.
Reserve engineering is a process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserve estimate depends on the quality of available data, the interpretation of such data and price and cost assumptions made by reserve engineers. In addition, the results of drilling, testing and production activities may justify revisions of estimates that were made previously. If significant, such revisions would change the schedule of any further production and development drilling. Accordingly, reserve estimates may differ significantly from the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered.
Should one or more of the risks or uncertainties described in this press release occur, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results and plans could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements, expressed or implied, included in this press release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. This cautionary statement should also be considered in connection with any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements that we or persons acting on our behalf may issue.
Except as otherwise required by applicable law, we disclaim any duty to update any forward-looking statements, all of which are expressly qualified by the statements in this section, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this press release.
Contact: Hays Mabry Director, Investor Relations (832) 240-3265 firstname.lastname@example.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- One of the main reasons for why Texas has gone 6-11 in conference play the last two seasons is the lack of offensive firepower. Last year, the quarterback position was uncertain as Garrett Gilbert, Case McCoy, David Ash and Connor Wood all competed for the spot during the spring. Ash and McCoy split the duties for most of the season, but Ash ultimately won the position and started in the Holiday Bowl. Ash, who threw for 1,068 yards (56.6%) with a 4-8 ratio last year, is expected to be vastly improved and poses a dual threat with his legs. If Texas can get decent production from Ash, the Longhorns are a legitimate National Title contender.
- I am optimistic about Ash's development and overall production for two reasons. First, he is supported by an outstanding backfield consisting of Malcolm Brown, Joe Bergeron and Jonathan Gray, all of whom make up one of the best backfields in college football. Second, Ash lines up behind one of the most powerful offensive lines in the nation as the Longhorns have four returning starters (63 career starts) who paved the way for 4.5 yards per rush attempt last season. Texas head coach Mack Brown has praised the offensive line during the spring and suggested that it's his best unit since 2009.
- Texas also takes the field with a outstanding wide receiving corp. consisting of Jaxon Shipley, who averaged 13.8 yards per catch last year and Mike Davis, who averaged 13.5 yards per catch in 2011. I expect huge improvements with this unit now that Ash and the entire Texas offense is familiar with the offense implemented by coordinator Bryan Harsin, who was the offensive coordinator at Boise State from 2006-2010.
- From a defensive standpoint, Texas boasts the best secondary in college football as three starters return, while four others are back who started five or more games last season. Cornerback Quandre Diggs was the Big Twelve Conference Defensive Player of the Year and should have another solid season alongside Kenny Vaccaro, who turned down the NFL and will likely be a First Round Draft Choice in 2013. In short, teams will not be able to pass against the Longhorns' secondary this season.
While I certainly believe that Texas is a legitimate National Title contender, I am concerned about the Longhorns' special teams and head coach. Mack Brown is one of the most overrated and over-paid coaches in college football, and I still cannot understand why the school would give him a contract extension through January, 2020. If Mack Brown can stay out of his own way and if Texas can somehow beat Oklahoma State on the road, the Longhorns could win it all. With fifteen returning starters, hope has returned to Austin, Texas.


text: Unfortunately, Home Depot employees don't get a refund beginning in 2022. Taking everything into account, they get different benefits depending on how much time they work every week. Including required for time, clinical uses, instructive expense reimbursement, catastrophe security, spending accounts, inadequacy assurance. And also vision and dental thought. To …Read More »


text:
When it comes to preventing the spread of germs, those who opt for the 'fist-bump' over the handshake are not just a tad cooler, they are also a whole lot smarter.
While the traditional handshake has long been a respectable way to greet fellow counterparts, a study has revealed it is also the germiest.
The study published in the American Journal of Infection Control involved researchers testing three types of greetings in various experiments: handshake, fist-bump, and high five, and then measuring how much bacteria had been transferred.
One of the experiments involved dipping a hand covered with a glove into a container loaded with a mild strain of E.coli bacteria. The gloved hand then shook, fist-bumped and high-fived a clean-gloved hand, which was then tested for bacteria.
The results revealed that handshakes transmitted 10 times more bacteria than fist-bumps and 2 times more than high-fives. The longest, firmest handshakes transmitted the most.
As David Whitworth, a senior lecturer in biochemistry at Aberystwyth University-Ceredigion in the United Kingdom explains: "A short, sweet fist bump will transmit the least bacteria, and even a high-five is better than a traditional shake".
The reason behind a fist-bump being more sanitary than the other greetings is largely to do with the smaller amount of surface area that comes in contact between the two hands. While different areas of the hand carry different amounts of bacteria, a handshake is obviously more encompassing.
Although hand hygiene isn't a new thing, prior to this study, there was very little research out there that specifically focused on germs transmitted via handshakes, as opposed to touching various surfaces and objects such as doorknobs and remote controls.
The authors of the study hope that the results encourage people to become more germ conscious and Whitworth said he hopes the norm changes, particularly in hospitals.
''In a hospital, you really don't want people to shake hands. It's an unnecessary risk''.
While Whitworth divulges, "You can't really imagine a world where people don't greet each other physically" he says, "It seems to be a basic human need", he feels as though the fist-bump can provide a satisfying alternative, although also concedes that it isn't for everyone "but I couldn't imagine the British prime minister doing that."
Associate professor in the school of nursing at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia and president-elect of the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Mary Lou Manning is not an advocate of the handshake alternative, feeling that they shouldn't be replaced with fist bumps in hospitals. The more hygienic idea, she says, is to promote rigorous hand-washing and ban hand-to-hand greetings altogether. "That's already starting to happen in a lot of places," she says.
Either way, the study will surely make you reconsider your next handshake and heres to hoping someone comes up with a germ-free alternative greeting sometime soon.


text:
Light in colour. Slightly intense floral aroma. Sweet in taste with light sour notes.
Traditionally used in liver ailments cases.
(*) At present, current legislation prohibits attributing properties that are not supported by sufficient evidence or accredited scientific techniques and expressly recognized by the Health Administration.
Packaging specification per unit
Net Weight 350 g.
Gross weight 0.535 kg.
Height: 85 mm.
Depth: 42 mm
Packaging specification per cardboard box
Box contents: 12 units.
Gross weight: 6.55 kg.
Height: 18.5 cm.
Length: 26 cm.
Width: 17 cm
Packaging specification per Pallet
Pallet 80 x 120
Pallet contents: 126 boxes
No. of boxes per tier: 21
Tiers per pallet: 6
Gross weight: 847 kg
Height: 126 cm.


text:
8th October by Dario:
This morning the hole crew was busy cleaning, maintaining and fixing the boat. Andri repaired the running backstay and Noe controlled lights, wind meter, lines and cables on top of the 20m high mast (see picture).
Before noon Jim and Clark showed up and we went to their place to hike up the mountain. On top was Alexander&Mabel Bell's grave. A little bit further down we had a picnic in the sun. It was so warm and it felt like summer. – See picture on top with our new friends. – Jim, Bell's grand grandson, is a skilled sailor who did a lot of regattas. He met his wife Lea, while both were working as sailing instructors. Both dedicated their life's to help children with hearing problems.
On the way down we saw Jim's grand grandfather, Alexander Bell's house and the buildings where he did all his experiments. He was a genius inventor. He was not only inventing the phone. His interests went from improving planes, to hearing devices and sheep breeding.
He was the first using the term "green house" and predicted more than 100 years ago that we will have a shortage of clean water in the future.
Back on the boat we continued fixing and cleaning.
Noe just got a fish for dinner, see picture.
Note: Coming soon is a summary by Victor about our passage in the Arctic. He was following us since Mexico and gave us so many good advices and encouragement.
Our cell phone is working again: +1 415 516 36 79. You can call, text, what's up or use FaceTime.
At the moment we have events in Baddeck Harbor, where we anchored in front of the Baddeck Yachtclub at N46.06.00W060.44.777 till Wednesday the 12th of October.
We like to apologize that our gofoundme is not working. We hope to get hold of Jeff that it get fixed and people are able to donate again.
Gofundme link:
Donations: http://www.toptotop.org/bank.php
Voyage link:
Best high resolution pictures:


text:
Aniseed Essential Oil
Product Description
Aniseed Essential Oil makes an incredible decongestant. It is particularly helpful for those with asthma and bronchitis.
Botanical Name: Pimpinella anisum
Common Uses: Helps promote regular respiratory function while reducing bronchial inflammation.
Absorption: Absorbs quickly and easily into the skin.
Shelf Life: Users can expect a shelf life of up to 2 years with proper storage conditions (cool, out of direct sunlight).
Cautions: Possible skin sensitivity. Keep out of reach of children. If you are pregnant, nursing, or under a doctor's care, consult your physician. Avoid contact with eyes, inner ears, and sensitive areas.
Size: 15ml


text:
This unique guide is written for all professionals helping clients deal with the loss of a pet and serves as a practical introduction to the field of human-animal bonding.
Full Description:
Although society accepts that grieving over the death of a loved one is not only normal, but healthy and necessary, grieving over the loss of a pet often is seen as something childish.
Expressed feelings often go unvalidated, leaving the bereaved embarrassed and ashamed. In truth, pet loss is a unique form of grief that can be quite intense and debilitating, increasing an individual's vulnerability to subsequent stress and leaving him/her feeling isolated and misunderstood.
This unique guide is written for all professional helping clients deal with the loss of a pet and serves as a practical introduction to the field of human-animal bonding. Citing several case studies, it describes various techniques for helping clients when the bond with a pet is broken. The authors present a step-by-step guide to leading clients through this special kind of grief and offer valuable practical guidelines.
Until recently, books dealing with this topic have been aimed at the veterinary community. The authors of this book strongly feel that pet loss needs to be addressed by therapists and others in the helping professions, to better enable them to help their clients through the loss of their companion animals. This book fills this gap in the literature and will be essential reading for all helping professionals.
166 pages; 6 X 9;soft bound
Stock- Ususally ships in 3-4 business days!


text:
Yes, I think Ellie Mae is tired of the piles and piles of snow we have gotten the winter.
We are both looking forward to spring arriving soon!
Ellie Mae is so darn cute.ReplyDelete
If I ever see a dog with a purple collar I'll assume he/she is yours.
Those dog faces just make you want to figure out what they are thinking.
Purple. Are you surprised I'd pick that color? =) Miss Ellie Mae is my first girl dog.ReplyDelete
Ahh - look at your baby :)ReplyDelete
Sweet pictures. Hope Spring arrives soon!ReplyDelete
She is such a sweet doggie too!ReplyDelete
The weather channel is predicting more snow tomorrow night. I want to SCREAM!ReplyDelete
awww shes so pretty -- i like her collar http://qr.net/rtcXReplyDelete
She is absolutely gorgeous!ReplyDelete


text: With budget shopping and DIY spirit, Ronda Batchelor mother of 6 kids created the most efficient laundry room for under $400. . Watch this video to see the 8 clever DIY solutions and organizational hacks this busy mom came up with to turn her 7 square foot laundry into a temple of effeciency.


text:
For the longest time, a large portion of the fanbase has held on to the idea that John Abraham would return to the Falcons. That sentiment is understandable, but the writing is on the wall.
When the Falcons signed Osi Umenyiora, everyone either exalted or despaired for a few short minutes. Then many of you turned your attention back to John Abraham. When the Falcons drafted two pass rushers, there was more of that despair, followed by a bit of hope that Abe would be back. It's time, at last, to let go of that desire.
Y yall keep tweeting me like I did it I got cut stop asking to come back plz— John Abraham(Mr.100) (@johnabraham55) May 6, 2013
Abe has been such a beloved member of the Falcons for so long that it's virtually impossible to discuss the future of the Falcons' pass rush without returning to the simple fact that he was the Falcons' pass rush for so long. That future is coming—the Falcons just invested two picks in pass rushers, after all—but the past is gone.
Photo Credit: Josh D. Weiss-USA TODAY Sports
As Pat Yasinskas wrote this morning, the Falcons signaled their intent when they let Abe go in the first place. The uncertainty many of us felt was more a product of not really wanting to let go of Abraham, and being unsure how the draft would unfold. Now that the team has taken two pass-rushing defensive ends in addition to adding Osi, and they're reportedly quite high on both Malliciah Goodman and Stansly Maponga. The chances of them adding a part-time pass rusher over the age of 35 has plummeted.
It's a shame because most of us get attached, even though we know roster turnover is a part of life. It's a shame because Abraham did a lot for this franchise, and while you can't say he wasn't compensated for that, no one likes to be cut out of the blue and then be unable to find a job. Looking at this coldly from the perspective of the team, however, it makes sense to go with multiple young players at defensive end, where so few supposed upgrades have worked and adding athleticism and multiple options may just be the best bet.
I'll certainly miss the Predator, and I wish him well no matter where he lands. For our part, it's time to start getting ready for Goodman, Maponga, Osi and the rest to (hopefully) wreak havoc.
Your thoughts on Abraham?


text:
Using artificial intelligence to detect depression and anxiety in children
NEW YORK (FOX 5 NY) - A team of researchers at the University of Vermont is using artificial intelligence to identify children who have anxiety or depression issues.
Clinical psychologist and researcher Ellen McGinnis said she and her team are getting about 80% accuracy using the AI.
The AI analyzes the child's speaking patterns while the child is talking for three minutes. Children with anxiety and depression exhibit three features, according to McGinnis: a higher-pitched voice in response to surprising stimuli, a repetitive speaking inflection and content, and a more monotone voice.
The researchers are hoping to one day deploy this tool as an app that could be used by school nurses and pediatricians.
Dr. Jephtha Tausig, a child psychologist, told FOX 5 NY that artificial intelligence can be a tool but it cannot replace human interaction and analysis.


text:
Our homes are the most relaxing places and the beauty of the house really adds to the comfort that it provides us. Decoration of the house really adds to turn your spaces into your dreamy land but it can be expensive. So here are these totally inexpensive 13 DIY Projects For Home Decor to work on. Not only you can groom up the look of your spaces but also save yourself a lot of money with the help of these cheap décor ideas. Also, these ideas are about the small and cute décor details so you are going to really enjoy these décor ideas for sure.
Vases really contribute to the overall home styling and now you can create on your own. Using some clear jars of glass or wood and hand painting them is a great idea to get some custom vase pieces.
Making cheap yet lovely glittered and scented candles is also a great idea to add oodles of charm to the home ambiance if you are a lover of farmhouse styling or rustic décor then making crate coffee signs, rope honey beehive are awesome projects to work on. To know more such amazing yet cheap décor ideas you need to explore it all below.
DIY White Brick Vase:
It's time to bring some delicate and decent change in your décor and this DIY white brick vase is perfect for the purpose. With some white paint and some masking tape, you can easily create this pretty brick vase and adorn it with flowers.
Tutorial: sayyes
Floral Monogram:
If you want to bring the spring touches in your home décor then doing this floral monogram project is an apt project. Just get the monogram of your choice and cover it with a nice floral paper and you are done. Display it over your shelves or mantles.
Tutorial: homeyohmy
Monstera Leaf Doormat:
Everything should be according to the season and so is the doormat. So for the summer or spring, this Monstera leaf doormat is the perfect thing to welcome the visitors. Cut out a leafy design on cardboard to use it as the perfect cut out to paint up the doormat.
Tutorial: enthrallinggumption
Silver Glitter Candle DIY:
Now you do not need to buy those pretty candle jars as you can easily make them at home. Here are these gorgeous silver glitter candles to get set on your tables. All you need is some glue, tape, and glitter to easily decorate this pretty table centerpiece.
Tutorial: soapqueen
DIY Make Your Own Designer Switchplates:
Switchplates can be turned into the gorgeous wall art pieces and with this great art project. Just grab some flowery paper and glue them over your switch plates and make them all gorgeous and quirky. You would be more than happy every time you put something on the charge on these switch plates.
Tutorial: apieceofrainbow
DIY Mirror Box:
Using some mirror boxes in squares this gorgeous box is ready to play the role of a gorgeous and unique coffee table centerpiece. The DIY mirror box would look good for all the seasons be it summer or winters just change the flowers and it's ready to go.
Tutorial: hisugarplum
Coffee Crate Lid Sign:
With a wooden crate, you can do some really fantastic wood décor projects just like this coffee crate lid sign. With wooden boards and the ink, you can create the stenciled letter saying Coffee roasters. Hang it with door hinges to add more in its rustic look.
Tutorial: funkyjunkinteriors
DIY Painted Vases:
These DIY painted vases are the best thing to add on your display tables and charm up the look of your house. The plain wooden vase looks really personalized with white and black vases. You can choose to create your own personal design over the vase.
Tutorial: lovecreatecelebrate
Shabby Chic DIY Canvas Wall Art:
The addition of this shabby chic DIY canvas wall art is the best thing to do on your own. Just grab a canvas and glue some doilies on it with beads to look so adorable cute. Foyer table, sofa table or the hall table this canvass wall art would look just so attention-grabbing.
Tutorial: consumercrafts
Wrapping Paper Wall Art With Glue Gun:
Bring the festive vibes on your homey walls with this gorgeous wall art of wrapping papers. The Christmas theme wallpapers would be all around in the market with lovely images and colors. So grab those all wrapping papers and glue them around your little square canvas for a chic wall look.
Tutorial: blitsy
Rainbow Text Wall Art:
Yarn can do wonders to your home décor with this gorgeous rainbow text wall art is the proof. The pretty rainbow is made with ropes and the colorful yarns wrapped around. You can hang it in the kid's room for a perfectly cute look during summer and spring.
Tutorial: athomewithashley
How To Make Homemade Natural Candles:
The holiday season would be more fun with these lovely scented candles lighting around. Using beeswax and the essential oils you can easily make this bunch of natural candles to use for your spaces. They would also make a great gift for your dear and ones too.
Tutorial: 100daysofrealfood
How To Make Home Decor Rope Beehive:
Add oodles of honey charm to your house with this home décor rope beehive. With some thick brown rope and some hot glue, you can easily create this gorgeous rope beehive. You can easily hang it around to your spaces and bring the perfect country-style look in your spaces.
Tutorial: salvagesisterandmister


text:
Scottish Man Shot In The Philippines
23 July 2017, 13:31
A Scottish man has been shot in the Philippines just hours before he was due to get married.
44 year old Tarek Naggar is now in intensive care.
Mr Naggar, who is from Milngavie in East Dunbartonshire, was sitting outside a bar with his fiancee Angie and his best man Chris McLaughlin when he was shot in the chest on Thursday.
A crowdfunding page has been set up to raise money to pay his hospital bill.
Mr McLaughlin told the Sunday Herald newspaper three men on a scooter had approached Mr Naggar, with two jumping off and demanding his wallet.
When he refused, one of the men drew a pistol and shot him in the chest before taking the wallet, which had his credit cards and less than £10 worth of local money.
A spokeswoman for the Foreign Office said: "We are assisting a British national who was shot during a robbery in Cebu, Philippines, and are in touch with local authorities."


text:
Alexa, play boo'd up by Ella Mai 'cause that's definitely what Keke Palmer and her boyfriend are!
Keke Palmer was spotted out having a nice lil date with her boyfriend, Styn. Keeks and Styn grabbed coffee at Blue Bottle in Hollywood over the weekend, and they did not shy away from showing their love.
Keke and Styn were strolling the streets, hand in hand and masked up. As you can see, the two decided to sit on a bench and enjoy each other's company while being affectionate with one another.
It looks like Keeks was grateful for that coffee cause she laid that kiss on her mansss with every ounce of fabulousness chile!
We previously reported on Keke clapping back at people who were criticizing her interracial relationship.
At the time, Keke had posted a video kissing her man, and a few of her fans had a lot to say about it.
"I see a lot of people living one way but voting another," Keke tweeted amid the video going viral. A fan immediately responded, "Like you?" Keke Palmer was not here for that comment chile, responding, "Sorry sis. I'm not in the mood for pseudo shard rn".
Catch up on all of that below!
View this post on Instagram
Is love in the air for you like it is for Keke Palmer and her boyfriend Styn?
Want tea directly in your text inbox? Hit us up at 917-722-8057 or click here to join!


text:
President's Letter
What We've Learned…and why it matters
Annual reports are often dense, tedious documents that capture a moment in time. They report on institutional progress and financials. And while we are proud to say that the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (Bank) remitted $13.6 billion to the U.S. Treasury and accomplished much in 2015, we aren't following the typical annual report approach. We will highlight our successes, but also will share what we've learned along the way and why it matters.
In the aftermath of the Great Recession, we continue to evolve and reflect on what we've learned and how can we apply these insights to our work in fulfillment of our public mission.
The series of videos and podcasts in this annual report reveals the way we view and approach our work. The faces and voices featured represent who we are as San Francisco Fed employees—curious, inquisitive people who are committed to learning and to public service. 2015 marked a milestone in our path back from the Great Recession, and the report reflects our efforts to create a growing, sustainable economy for everyone. I am proud to work with an extraordinary team that demonstrates their commitment to public service each and every day.
A Year of Accomplishment
In 2015, our Bank supervisory staff continued to implement Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act programs for large and regional banking organizations. Staff completed the second round of stress test reviews for firms with $10-$50 billion in assets. This significant effort involved aligning supervisory plans with new regulations and guidance.
Economic Research staff provided essential research and support for my role as a monetary policymaker. Statistics staff improved the technology platform that ensures the security and integrity of data and streamlines how the Fed monitors the balances banks are required to keep in accounts with us. These important efforts support the execution of monetary policy.
The Cash Product Office and Information and Technology Services functions completed development of a new inventory management and workflow processing system for cash operations across the Federal Reserve System. The Cash Product Office also implemented new cash processing concepts and made technical enhancements to machine sensors, resulting in greater security, automation, and efficiency to the cash supply chain.
The San Francisco Fed's cash operations teams in each of our offices met or exceeded all cost and efficiency targets and continued to serve as a source of talent for the Cash Product Office.
Leveraging the Twelfth District's technology and innovation centers, Information and Technology Services continued to be a key developer of software applications for the Federal Reserve System and leader in the use of agile software development.
Our Community Development team continued to work with a wide range of organizations to create economic opportunity for lower-income Americans. Staff supported initiatives to foster small business development, improve the financial stability of lower-income households, and connect best practices and emerging ideas with organizations best positioned to make meaningful change in our communities.
A Legacy of Insightful Governance
Our Bank is fortunate to be guided by the insights of our boards of directors and advisory councils whose members represent a breadth of industries and organizations across our vast District. I want to extend my thanks and appreciation to them for their invaluable service. Their knowledge of economic and financial conditions throughout our nine western states provides essential input to the formulation of monetary policy.
I want to express my special thanks and appreciation to the directors and advisory council members who concluded their terms of service in 2015:
- Los Angeles Branch Board: Gina Marie Lindsey, retired executive director, Los Angeles World Airports, Los Angeles, California; and John C. Molina, chief financial officer, Molina Healthcare, Inc., Long Beach, California.
- Salt Lake City Branch Board: Bradley J. Wiskirchen, chief executive officer, Keynetics Inc., Boise, Idaho, who served as chair for two years.
- Seattle Branch Board: Mary O. McWilliams, retired executive director, Washington Health Alliance, Seattle, Washington, who served as chair of the Seattle Branch Board for two years.
- Twelfth District Economic Advisory Council: Richard C. Blum, chairman and chief executive officer, Blum Capital Partners, San Francisco, California; and Thomas E. Vice, president, Aerospace Systems, Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, California.
- Twelfth District Community Depository Institutions Advisory Council: Melanie J. Dressel, president and chief executive officer, Columbia Bank, Tacoma, Washington; Malcolm F. Hotchkiss, chief executive officer, United Business Bank, Oakland, California; and Robert A. Stuart, president and chief executive officer, OnPoint Community Credit Union, Portland, Oregon.
I would like to welcome directors and advisory council members who began their terms of service in 2016:
- Los Angeles Branch Board: Luis Faura, president and chief executive officer, C&F Foods, Inc., City of Industry, California; and Anita V. Pramoda, chief executive officer, Owned Outcomes, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Salt Lake City Branch Board: Arthur F. (Skip) Oppenheimer, chairman and chief executive officer, Oppenheimer Companies, Inc., Boise, Idaho.
- Seattle Branch Board: West Mathison, president, Stemilt Growers LLC, Wenatchee, Washington; and Sophie Minich, president and chief executive officer, Cook Inlet Region, Inc., Anchorage, Alaska.
- Twelfth District Economic Advisory Council: Rosemary Turner, president, UPS Northern California District, Oakland, California; and Theodore (Ted) F. Craver, Jr., chairman, president, and chief executive officer, Edison International, Rosemead, California.
- Twelfth District Community Depository Institutions Advisory Council: Eugene L. Pelham, president and chief executive officer, Rogue Credit Union, Medford, Oregon; H.R. (Hal) Russell, president and chief executive officer, Commencement Bank, Tacoma, Washington; and Daniel L. Skaff, president and co-chief executive officer, Beneficial State Bank, Oakland, California.
Table of Contents
An Overview of Our 2015 Annual Report
President Williams and First Vice President Gould share our 2015 highlights and preview what we've learned.
The Future of Cash
Reserve Banks process billions of notes annually and innovating cash processing technologies is essential for productivity.
The Fragility of Finances
Most American households don't have enough savings to pay for a sudden $400 expense.
Creative Placemaking
Engaging local artists and other culturally significant voices enhances community revitalization efforts.
Health and Prosperity
Improving health in lower-income households can lead to better economic outcomes.
China in the Global Economy
The effect of the slowdown of China's economy on its non-U.S. trading partners could affect the U.S.
Redefining the Labor Market
Changes in demographics, and in employer and worker needs, play roles in redefining the labor market.
Transforming Financial Services
The Fed is studying innovation in fintech, which is changing the way people obtain financial services and interact with banks.
Regional Influences on Monetary Policy
The Fed connects with businesses and communities at a local level and brings this information to policy discussions in Washington D.C.
Technology for Today's Fed
Highly secure, reliable, custom software solutions enable the Fed to execute monetary policy decisions.
Becoming a Destination Employer
The SF Fed is rapidly evolving and adapting to the preferences of a new generation of workers.
The Fed's Balance Sheet
Four and a half trillion dollars of assets on the Fed's balance sheet are stimulating the U.S. economy.
Boards of Directors (pdf, 393 kb)
Community Depository Institutions Advisory Council (pdf, 124 kb)
Economic Advisory Council (pdf, 166 kb)
2015 Financial Statements (pdf, 549 kb)
Office of Minority and Women Inclusion (OMWI) Annual Report to Congress


text:
Founded in 1997, TST's goal is to become the leading manufacturing, design and service provider for high performance communication components. The former Motorola employees who founded TST applied their extensive experiences in related device design, manufacturing and processing development to realize these goals. TST is now recognized as the leading SAW (surface acoustic wave) device supplier in Taiwan, as well as the key OEM/ODM supplier of SAW device in the world.
While firmly committed to its core strength in the manufacturing and design of the SAW devices, since early 2001 TST has expanded the span of its products and operations to cover BAW (Bulk Acoustic Wave) devices and modules (Xtal, XO, VCO, VCTCXO… etc).


text:
The Oakland Athletics took an early 1-0 lead over the Detroit Tigers on Tuesday night in Game 3 of their division series matchup on an RBI single by Yoenis Cespedes.
The A's got to Tigers starter Anibal Sanchez early in the first inning, putting two runners on base before Cespedes drove a run home on a grounder up the middle.
But Sanchez quickly settled down, striking out Brandon Moss and getting Josh Reddick to ground into a double play to end the inning. From there, Sanchez has allowed only one more runner.
Unfortunately for Detroit, their hitters have been even more impotent. Detroit put two runners on base in the second after singles by Delmon Young and Jhonny Peralta, but neither Andy Dirks nor Avisail Garcia could bring a run home off of Oakland starter Brett Anderson.
The Tigers, of course, have a chance to clinch a sweep over Oakland with a win tonight. Anderson, though, has been stellar in his brief return since Tommy John Surgery.


text:
Circassian/Opinion of the Court
THE steamship Circassian, a merchant steamer under British colors, was captured with a valuable cargo by the United States steamer Somerset, for an attempted violation of the blockade established in pursuance of the proclamation of the President, dated 19th of April, 1861. Both vessel and cargo were condemned as lawful prize by the District Court for the Southern District of Florida; and the master, as representative of both, now brought the decree under the review of this court by appeal.
The capture was made on the 4th of May, 1862,-the date is important,-seven or eight miles off the northerly coast of Cuba, about half way between Matanzas and Havana, and about thirty miles from Havana; the ship at the time ostensibly proceeding to Havana, then distant but two or three hours' sail. The main voyage was begun at Bordeaux. There she took a cargo,-no part of it contraband,-and was making her way to Havana when captured. Pearson & Co., of Hull, British subjects, were her ostensible owners. The cargo was shipped by various English and French subjects, and consigned to order. The bills of lading spoke of the ship as 'loading for the port of Havana for orders;' and the promise of the bills was to deliver the packages 'to the said port of Havana, there to receive orders for the final destination of my said steamer, and to deliver the same to Messrs. Brulatour & Co., or their order, he or they paying me freight in accordance with the terms of my charter-party, which is to be considered the supreme law as regards the voyage of said steamer, the orders to be received for her and her final destination.' The master swore positively that he did not know of any destination after Havana; nor did the depositions directly show an intention to break the blockade.
The evidence of this intent rested chiefly on papers found on the vessel when captured, and in the inference arising from the spoliation of others. Thus while on her way from Cardiffe to Bordeaux, the ship had been chartered by Pearson & Co. to one J. Soubry, of Paris, agent for merchants loading her; the charter-party containing a stipulation that she should proceed to Havre or Bordeaux as ordered, and then to load from the factories of the said merchants a full cargo, and 'therewith proceed to Havana, Nassau, or Bermuda, as ordered on sailing, and thence to proceed to a port of America, and to run the blockade, IF SO ORDERED by the freighters.'
Taken on freight of Mr. Bouvet, Jr., by order and for account of Mr. J. Soubry, on board of the British steamer Circassian, &c., bound to Nassau, Bermuda, or Havana, the quantity, &c. Mr. J. Soubry engages to execute the charter-party of affreightment that is to say, that the merchandise shall not be disem barked but at the port of New Orleans, and to this effect he engages to force the blockade, for account and with authority of J. Soubry.
LAIBERT, Neveu.
And on this was indorsed, by one P. Debordes, who was the ship's husband or agent at Bordeaux, these words:
BORDEAUX, 15 February, 1862.
Sent similar memorandum to the parties concerned.
So, too, Bouvet wrote his correspondents in New Orleans, as follows, the letter being found on the captured vessel:
BORDEAUX, 1st April, 1862.
Confirming my letter of the 29th ult., copy of which is annexed, I inclose herewith bills lading for 659 packages merchandise, and 92 small casks U. P.; also, copy of charter-party, and private memorandum, per Circassian, in order that you may have no difficulty in settling the freight by that vessel.
The Circassian has engaged to force the blockade, but should she fail in doing so, you will act in this matter as you may deem best. I intrust this matter entirely to you.
Accept, gentlemen, my affectionate salutations.
In addition to these papers, various private letters, mostly, of course, in French, from persons in Bordeaux to their correspondents at Havana and New Orleans, were found on the vessel. One of these spoke of the steamer as 'loading entirely with our products for New Orleans, where, it is said, she has engaged to introduce them;' another describes her 'as arrived at Bordeaux, a month since, to take on board a fine cargo, with which to force the blockade;' a third, as 'a very fast sailer, loaded in our port for New Orleans, where she will proceed, after having touched at Havana;' a fourth, as 'about to try to enter your Mississippi, touching, previously, at Havana.' So others, with similar expressions. A British house of Belfast, sending a letter by her to Havana, 'takes it for granted that she will proceed with her freight to New Orleans.' A French one of Bordeaux had a different view as to her getting there. This one writes:
'We are going to have a British steamer here of a thousand tons cargo for your port. We shall ship nothing by her, because the affair has been badly managed. Instead of keeping it a secret, it has been announced in Paris, London, and Bordeaux. Of course, the American Government is well informed as to all its details; and if the steamer ever enters New Orleans, it will be because the commanding officer of the blockading squadron shuts his eyes. If he does not, she must be captured.'
In addition to this evidence, it appeared that a package of letters, which were sent on board at Panillac, a small place at the mouth of the Gironde, after the Circassian had cleared from Bordeaux, and was setting off to sea, were burned after the vessel hove to, and before the officers of the Somerset came on board, at the time of capture.
So far with regard to evidence of intent to break the blockade. This case, however, presented a special feature.
The capture, as already noted, took place on the 4th of May, 1862; at which date the city of New Orleans, for whose port the libellants alleged that the vessel had been really about to run, was in possession, more or less defined and firm, of the United States. The history was thus:
A fleet of the United States, under Commodore Farragut, having captured Forts Jackson and St. Philip on the 23d of April, [1] reached New Orleans on the 25th. On the 26th, the commodore demanded of the mayor the surrender of the city. The reply of the mayor was 'that the city was under martial law, and that he would consult General Lovell.' The rebel Lovell declared, in turn, that 'he would surrender nothing;' but, at the same time, that he would retire, and leave the mayor unembarrassed. On the 26th, the flag-officer sent a letter, No. 2, to the mayor, in which he says:
'I came here to reduce New Orleans to obedience to the laws, and to vindicate the offended majesty of the Government. The rights of persons and property shall be secured. I therefore demand the unqualified surrender of the city, and that the emblem of sovereignty of the United States be hoisted upon the City Hall, Mint, and Custom House, by meridian of this day. And all emblems of sovereignty other than those of the United States must be removed from all public buildings from that hour.'
To this the mayor transmitted, on the same day, an answer, which he says 'is the universal sense of my constituents, no less than the prompting of my own heart.' After announcing that 'out of regard for the lives of the women and children who crowd this metropolis,' General Lovell had evacuated it with his troops, and 'restored to me the custody of its power,' he continues:
'The city is without the means of defence. To surrender such a place were an idle and an unmeaning ceremony. The place is yours by the power of brutal force, not by any choice or consent of its inhabitants. As to hoisting any flag other than the flag of our own adoption and allegiance, let me say to you that the man lives not in our midst whose hand and heart would not be paralyzed at the mere thought of such an act; nor can I find in my entire constituency so wretched and desperate a renegade as would dare to profane with his hand the sacred emblem of our aspirations. . . .. Your occupying the city does not transfer allegiance from the government of their choice to one which they have deliberately repudiated, and they yield the obedience which the conqueror is entitled to extort from the conquered.'
At 6 A.M. of the 27th, the National flag was hoisted, under directions of Flag-officer Farragut, on the Mint, which building lay under the guns of the Government fleet; but at 10 A.M. of the same day an attempt to hoist it on the Custom House was abandoned; 'the excitement of the crowd was so great that the mayor and councilmen thought that it would produce a conflict and cause great loss of life.'
On the 29th, General Butler reports that he finds the city under the dominion of the mob. 'They have insulted,' he says, 'our flag; torn it down with indignity. . . .. I send a marked copy of a New Orleans paper containing an applauding account of the outrage.'
On the same day that General reported thus:
'The rebels have abandoned all their defensive works in and around New Orleans, including Forts Pike and Wood on Lake Pontchartrain, and Fort Livingston on Barataria Bay. They have retired in the direction of Corinth, beyond Manchac Pass, and abandoned everything in the river as far as Donaldsonville, some seventy miles beyond New Orleans.' To the reader who does not recall these places in their relations to New Orleans, the diagram on the page preceding will present them.
A small body of Federal troops began to occupy New Orleans on the 1st of May. On the 2d, the landing was completed. The rebel mayor and council were not deposed. There was no armed resistance, but the city was bitterly disaffected, and was kept in order only by severe military discipline, and the rebel army was still organized and in the vicinity. [2]
The blockade in question, as already mentioned, was declared by proclamation of President Lincoln in April, 1861; and was a blockade of the whole coast of the rebel States. No action to terminate it was taken by the Executive until the 12th of May, 1862, when, after the success of Flag-officer Farragut, the President issued a proclamation that the blockade of the port of New Orleans might be dispensed with, except as to contraband of war, on and after July 1st following.
The case thus presented two principal questions:
1. Was the port of New Orleans, on the 4th of May, under blockade?
2. If it was, was the Circassian, with a cargo destined to that place, then sailing with an intent to violate it?
Supposing the cargo generally guilty, a minor question was, as to a particular part of it, asserted to have been shipped by Leech & Co., of Liverpool, British subjects, and of which a certain William Burrows was really, or in appearance, 'supercargo.'
Burrows himself swore-his own testimony being the only evidence on the subject-that he did not know of any charter-party for the voyage; that he received the bills of lading (which, like all the bills, were in French) from Messrs. Desbordes & Co., the ship's agents at Bordeaux; that he knew nothing about any papers relating to other portions of the cargo; that he was going to Havana to sell this merchandise, shipped by Leech, Harrison & Co., and was to return to Liverpool, either by the way of St. Thomas or New York; that he knew of no instructions to break the blockade; had heard nothing about the vessel's entering or breaking the blockade of any port, either before sailing or on the voyage, from any person as owner or agent, or connected with the vessel or cargo. No letters or other papers were found compromising this portion of the cargo other than as above stated.
The statutory port of New Orleans, as distinguished from the city of New Orleans itself, it may here be said, includes an extended region along the Mississippi above the city, parts of which were, at this date and afterwards, in complete possession of the rebels.
Messrs. A. F. Smith and Larocque, for the claimants of the ship and cargo:
I. A blockade is an interruption, by one belligerent, of communication, by any persons whatever, with a place occupied by another belligerent. No right exists in a belligerent, as against a neutral, to blockade his own ports. That would be war upon the neutral. Blockade is a right of war against the enemy, and affects the neutral only incidentally, and from the necessity of the case. It is a right burdensome to neutrals, and is strict in its character. It is one which is claimed by the belligerent and yielded by the neutral, so long, and only so long, as a blockade is maintained which is in accordance with and recognized by the law of nations. The blockade of his own ports would be an embargo, an act of war against the neutral, thereby made and treated as an enemy. The embargo draws after it belligerent rights, and of a character entirely different from those that belong to a blockade; which are peaceful.
Now, was New Orleans, on the 4th of May, an enemy's port? Plainly not. The United States v. Rice, [3] in this court, some years since, is in point. In A.D. 1814, a place called Castine, on the south coast of the State of Maine, was captured by the British, then at war with us; and remained under the control of their military and naval forces until peace, in 1815. They established a custom-house under ordinary British laws. Certain goods were imported into the place during this interval; and, on the repossession of the place by the American Government, the question was, whether the goods were liable to duty under the laws of the United States. This court held that they were not. 'By the conquest and military occupation of Castine,' say the court, 'the enemy acquired that firm possession which enabled him to exercise the fullest rights of sovereignty over the place. The sovereignty of the United States was, of course, suspended, and the laws of the United States could no longer be rightfully enforced there, or be obligatory on the inhabitants, who remained and submitted to the conquerors. By the surrender, the inhabitants passed under a temporary allegiance to the British Government, and were bound by such laws, and such only, as it chose to recognize and impose.' Our case is stronger than this. In the case just cited, the port was an American port, which fell under really foreign rule. This rule was an unnatural, exceptional, and temporary one. It was never regarded by any party as otherwise, or other than as an occupation during war, to be relinquished when peace should come. Great Britain, of course, never expected to hold permanently an isolated point in our country. With peace, the port was surrendered to us. Here, however, New Orleans had been seized by an insurrectionary faction only; certain Americans in temporary and mad revolt. We never ceased to regard New Orleans as a city of the United States. We never acknowledged her as belonging to any State but a State of this Union; a State then, as now, part of our one common country. In due time, and in a short time, the mob was brought, by the power of the Government, under its actual control, as the Government has always considered it to be under its constitutional right. The people were, at all times, American citizens; and at any moment, had they laid down their arms, these rights would have been conceded to them. With the suppression of the insurgent organization, law and order resumed the throne; the place became, in fact and in form, what it was always in law,-a port of the United States. Everything was remitted to its former condition. The case is one where the fiction of postliminy happens to be a fact; the just and benignant fiction of the Roman law, quae fingit eum qui captus est in civitate semper fuisse.
Very likely the presence of the Federal army was odious enough to both mob and gentry of New Orleans, to men and women alike, 'neutrals' and rebels as well. The population may have been all hostile, bitter, defiant, explosive. Still, the Federal army did keep its possession there, and with no other opposition than that of offensive words, gestures, and looks. Probably it was never in any danger; for if it had been insufficient, the Federal fleet lay beside the town, and could have destroyed it in a day. Here is the fact. From the hour that General Butler landed till this day, New Orleans has been under the Government control. That the fleet and army were not welcomed by the population with open hearts and arms, has nothing to do with the question.
The Government, then, was re-established, and everything was remitted. If this position be true, the right to capture was gone, no matter how guilty the design of the Circassian. 'When the blockade is raised, a veil is thrown over everything that has been done, and the vessel is no longer taken in delicto. The delictum may have been completed at one period, but it is, by subsequent events, entirely done away.' [4]
II. As to intent to run the blockade, the only evidence tending to show this is derived from the documents found on board; and from these, the following are the most unfavorable inferences for the vessel and cargo which could be drawn:
1st. By the charter-party, the vessel was to proceed 'to Havana, Nassau, or Bermuda, as ordered on sailing, and thence to proceed to a port of America, and to run the blockade, IF SO ORDERED BY FREIGHTERS.'
2d. By a paper found, signed 'Laibert, Neveu' (nephew), Laibert engages, on behalf of Soubry, that the merchandise should not be disembarked but at the port of New Orleans, and, to this effect, he engages to force the blockade for account and with authority of Soubry.
3d. The bills of lading contain an engagement by the master to convey the cargo to the port of Havana, there to 'receive orders for the final destination of the steamer, and there to deliver the same to _____, they paying freight in accordance with the terms of the charter-party, which was to be considered the supreme law as regarded the voyage, the orders to be received for her, and her final destination.'
4th. There are letters from various shippers to their correspondents in Havana and New Orleans, showing their belief that she was going to New Orleans.
This, we say, is all the evidence. Apart, therefore, from the memorandum signed 'Laibert, Neveu,' of the genuineness of which and of whose authority there is no proof, how does the case stand? The Circassian was not, at the time of capture, and never had been, sailing to New Orleans, nor indeed to any port contiguous thereto; Havana and New Orleans are distant 650 miles. Then the controlling document is the charter-party; and, according to that, the eventual running of the blockade was dependent upon an option to be exercised by the charterer on arriving at Havana: the bills of lading were expressly made subject to the charter-party. Her voyage was, therefore, to Havana for orders-by the terms of the charter-party-by her bills of lading-and by the fact. At Havana there was a 'locus penitentiae.' The orders might never be given. Indeed, it is quite certain they never would have been given under the change of circumstances by the capture of New Orleans.
Authority supports the view that this change of purpose, if effected at Havana, would avoid the capture.
In The Imina, [5] Sir William Scott decided, that where the vessel had originally sailed for Amsterdam, a blockaded port, under circumstances which would have subjected her to condemnation before changing her course; but the master, in consequence of information received at Elsinore, altered her destination, and proceeded towards Embden, she was not taken in delicto on a subsequent capture.
What difference exists between a guilty purpose forborne by the master, without the knowledge of the owners, and one not yet fully matured, but resting in contingency, merely, at the time of capture?
III. As respects the portion of the cargo under the care of Burrows. The evidence of this person, the supercargo, exculpates the owners, and the portion of the cargo owned by them, from all participation in even an intention to violate the blockade. The bills of lading were in French, which it does not appear that he understood. If he did, they, as do those for all the rest of the cargo, contain an express stipulation for the delivery of the goods to order, at Havana, on payment of the freight, according to the charter-party; and the reference to the latter instrument would neither authorize the carrying of the goods beyond that port, nor was it of a nature to awaken any uneasiness on the part of a supercargo bound only thither.
IV. The weight of American authority denies the right of capture, even where the vessel is proceeding directly to the blockaded port, before an approach near enough to actually attempt an entry; nor has that right been established in this court as mistakenly stated by some American authors; and the decisions in other courts of this country are decidedly against it. So also is the concurring testimony of the later Continental writers. The practice of the American Government has also been against it. The 'Columbia,' the earliest English case maintaining the doctrine, was decided in 1799, after the Revolution, and is not binding here. [6]
V. The doctrine of continuous voyages is not applicable to a case of simple breach of blockade disconnected from contraband, the rule of 1756, or illegal trade between the subjects of the opposing belligerents. All the cases cited below are of one or the other of these classes. The 'Maria' and 'Charlotte Sophia' [7] are not exceptions; for the voyage was really a direct on from the blockaded port in each case. This vessel could not be captured, therefore, while proceeding to Havana, for an intent afterwards to break the blockade of New Orleans.
VI. The Proclamation of May 12, 1862 (after this capture), founded on the 5th section of the act of July 13, 1861, did not retro-act; nor could either continue the blockade of our recovered port against neutrals. They apply only to trade between our own citizens.
Mr. Eames, contra, for the captors.
The CHIEF JUSTICE delivered the opinion of the court.
That the rebellion against the national Government, which, in April, 1861, took the form of assault on Fort Sumter, had, before the end of July, assumed the character and proportions of civil war; and that the blockade, established under the President's proclamation, affected all neutral commerce, from that time, at least, with its obligations and liabilities, are propositions which, in this court, are no longer open to question. They were not more explicitly affirmed by the judges who concurred in the judgment pronounced in the prize cases at the December Term, 1862, than by the judges who dissented from it.
The Government of the United States, involved in civil war, claimed the right to close, against all commerce, its own ports seized by the rebels, as a just and proper exercise of power for the suppression of attempted revolution. It insisted, and yet insists, that no one could justly complain if that power should be decisively and peremptorily exerted. In deference, however, to the views of the principal commercial nations, this right was waived, and a commercial blockade established. It was expected that this blockade, effectively maintained, would be scrupulously respected by nations and individuals who declared themselves neutral.
Of the various propositions asserted and controverted in the discussion of the cause now under consideration, two only need be examined in order to a correct understanding of its merits. It is insisted for the captors,
1. That on the 4th of May, 1862, the port of New Orleans was under blockade;
2. That the Circassian, with a cargo destined for New Orleans, was then sailing with intent to violate that blockade, and therefore liable to capture as naval prize.
Both propositions are denied by the claimants. We shall consider them in their order.
First, then, was the port of New Orleans under blockade at the time of the capture?
The city of New Orleans, and the forts commanding its approaches from the Gulf, were captured during the last days of April, 1862, and military possession of the city was taken on the 1st of May. Did this capture of the forts and military occupation of the city terminate the blockade of the port?
The object of blockade is to destroy the commerce of the enemy, and cripple his resources by arresting the import of supplies and the export of products. It may be made effectual by batteries ashore as well as by ships afloat. In the case of an inland port, the most effective blockade would be maintained by batteries commanding the river or inlet by which it may be approached, supported by a naval force sufficient to warn off innocent, and capture offending vessels attempting to enter.
The capture of the forts, then, did not terminate the blockade of New Orleans, but, on the contrary, made it more complete and absolute.
Was it terminated by the military occupation of the city?
The blockade of the ports of the insurgent States was declared from the first by the American Government to be a blockade of the whole coast, and so it has been understood by all governments. The blockade of New Orleans was a part of this general blockade. It applied not to the city alone, but controlled the port, which includes the whole parish of Orleans, and lies on both sides of the Mississippi, and all the ports on that river and on the lakes east of the city.
Now, it may be well enough conceded that a continuous and complete possession of the city and the port, and of the approaches from the Gulf, would make a blockade unnecessary, and would supersede it. But, at the time of the capture of the Circassian, there had been no such possession. Only the city was occupied, not the port, much less the district of country commercially dependent upon it, and blockaded by its blockade. Even the city had been occupied only three days. It was yet hostile; the rebel army was in the neighborhood; the occupation, limited and recent, was subject to all the vicissitudes of war. Such an occupation could not at once, of itself, supersede or suspend the blockade. It might ripen into a possession which would have that effect, and it did; but at the time of the capture it operated only in aid and completion of the naval investment.
There is a distinction between simple and public blockades which supports this conclusion. A simple blockade may be established by a naval officer, acting upon his own discretion or under direction of superiors, without governmental notification; while a public blockade is not only established in fact, but is notified, by the government directing it, to other governments. In the case of a simple blockade, the captors are bound to prove its existence at the time of capture; while in the case of a public blockade, the claimants are held to proof of discontinuance in order to protect themselves from the penalties of attempted violation. The blockade of the rebel ports was and is of the latter sort. It was legally established and regularly notified by the American Government to the neutral governments. Of such a blockade, it was well observed by Sir William Scott: 'It must be conceived to exist till the revocation of it is actually notified.' The blockade of the rebel ports, therefore, must be presumed to have continued until notification of discontinuance. [8]
It is, indeed, the duty of the belligerent government to give prompt notice; and if it fails to do so, proof of discontinuance may be otherwise made; but, subject to just responsibility to other nations, it must judge for itself when it can dispense with blockade. It must decide when the object of blockade, namely, prevention of commerce with enemies, can be attained by military force, or, when the enemies are rebels, by military force and municipal law, without the aid of a blockading force. The Government of the United States acted on these views. Upon advice of the capture of New Orleans, it decided that the blockade of the port might be safely dispensed with, except as to contraband of war, from and after the 1st of June. The President, therefore, on the 12th of May, issued his proclamation to that effect, and its terms were undoubtedly notified to neutral powers. This action of the Government must, under the circumstances of this case, be held to be conclusive evidence that the blockade of New Orleans was not terminated by military occupation on the 4th of May. New Orleans, therefore, was under blockade when the Circassian was captured.
It remains to be considered whether the ship and cargo were then liable to capture as prize for attempted violation of that blockade.
It is a well-established principle of prize law, as administered by the courts, both of the United States and Great Britain, that sailing from a neutral port with intent to enter a blockaded port, and with knowledge of the existence of the blockade, subjects the vessel and, in most cases, its cargo to capture and condemnation. [9] We are entirely satisfied with this rule. It was established, with some hesitation, when sailing vessels were the only vehicles of ocean commerce; but now, when steam and electricity have made all nations neighbors, and blockade running from neutral ports seems to have been organized as a business, and almost raised to a profession, it is clearly seen to be indispensable to the efficient exercise of belligerent rights. It is not likely to be abandoned until the nations, by treaty, shall consent to abolish capture of private property on the seas, and with it the whole law and practice of commercial blockade.
Do the Circassian and her cargo come within this rule?
The Circassian was chartered at Paris on the 11th of February, 1862, by Z. C. Pearson & Co. to J. Soubry, agent, and the charter-party contained a stipulation that she should proceed to Havre or Bordeaux, and, being loaded, proceed thence with her cargo to Havana, Nassau, or Bermuda, and thence to a port in America and 'run the blockade, if so ordered by the freighters.' With this charter-party was found on the ship, at the time of capture, a memorandum of affreightment given to Bouvet, one of the shippers, and signed 'For account and with authority of J. Soubry, Laibert, Neveu,' and containing this engagement: 'Mr. J. Soubry engages to execute the charter-party of affreightment; that is to say, that the merchandise shall not be disembarked except at New Orleans, and to this effect he engages to force the blockade.' With this paper was the following note, signed 'P. Desbordes:' 'Sent similar memorandum to the parties concerned.' This P. Desbordes was the ship's husband or agent at Bordeaux.
It is urged, on behalf of the claimants, that there is no evidence that Laibert had authority to act for Soubry; but the fact that the paper was found on the ship raises a presumption that he had that authority, and puts the burden of proof to the contrary on the claimants. Besides, it appears, from a letter written by Bouvet, that he forwarded by the ship, inclosed with this letter, the bills of lading of the goods shipped by him, and also 'a copy of the charter-party and private memorandum.' It can hardly be doubted that the copy of the charter-party in the record is this copy forwarded by Bouvet, or that the memorandum found with it is the private memorandum of which he writes. The circumstance that a similar memorandum was sent to the parties concerned raises an almost irresistible presumption that the other freighters shipped their merchandise under the same express stipulation to force the blockade.
It is hardly necessary to go further on the question of intent; but if doubt remained, it would be dispelled by an examination of the other papers and facts in the case. Every bill of lading contained a stipulation for the conveyance of goods described in it to Havana, in order to receive orders as to their ulterior destination, and for their delivery at that destination on payment of freight. Such, we think, is the true import of each bill before us. Almost every letter found on board the ship and contained in the record, affords evidence of intent to force the blockade. These letters were written, at Bordeaux, to correspondents at Havana and New Orleans, and speak of the steamer as 'loaded entirely with our products for New Orleans;' as 'arrived hither a month since, to convey to your place, New Orleans, by forcing the blockade, a very fine cargo;' as 'loaded in our port for New Orleans, whither she will proceed after touching at Havana;' as 'being a very fast sailer;' as 'going to attempt the entrance of your river, after previously touching at Havana;' as 'bound to your port, New Orleans;' as 'bound from Bordeaux to New Orleans;' and as 'having engaged to force the blockade.' Most of these letters were written by shippers, and relate to merchandise described in one or another of the bills of lading. Finally, it is proved that on the eve, and almost at the moment, of capture, the captain ordered the destruction of a package of letters put on board the ship, after she had cleared from Bordeaux, at Panillac, a town on the Gironde, nearer the sea. These letters, doubtless, related to the ship, the cargo, or the voyage, probably to all. Their destruction would be a strong circumstance against the ship and cargo, were the other facts less convincing; taken in connection with them, it irresistibly compels belief of guilty intent at the time of sailing and time of capture.
It was urged in argument that the ship was bound primarily to Havana, and might discharge her cargo there, and should not be held liable to capture for an intent which would have been abandoned on her arrival at that place.
We agree, that if the ship had been going to Havana with an honest intent to ascertain whether the blockade of New Orleans yet remained in force, and with no design to proceed further if such should prove to be the case, neither ship nor cargo would have been subject to lawful seizure. But it is manifest that such was not the intent. The existence of the blockade was known at the inception of the voyage, and its discontinuance was not expected. The vessel was chartered and her cargo shipped with the purpose of forcing the blockade. The destination to Havana was merely colorable. It proves nothing beyond a mere purpose to touch at that port, perhaps, and, probably, with the expectation of getting information which would facilitate the success of the unlawful undertaking. It is quite possible that Havana, under the circumstances, would have turned out to be, as was insisted in argument, a locus penitentioe; but a place for repentance does not prove repentance before the place is reached. It is quite possible that the news which would have met the vessel at Havana would have induced the master and shippers to abandon their design to force the blockade by ascending the Mississippi; but future possibilities cannot change present conditions. Nor is it at all certain that the purpose to break the blockade would have been abandoned. On the contrary, it is quite possible that the 'ulterior destination' mentioned in the bills of lading would have been changed to some other blockaded port. But this is not important. Neither possibilities nor probabilities could change the actual intention one way or another. At the time of capture, ship and cargo were on their way to New Orleans, under contract that the cargo should be discharged there and not elsewhere, and that the blockade should be forced in order to the fulfilment of that contract. This condition made ship and cargo then and there lawful prize.
There was some attempt, in argument, to distinguish that portion of the cargo shipped by William Burrows from the remainder. We do not think it can be so distinguished. The bill of lading of the goods shipped by him is expressed in the same terms as the bills of goods shipped by others, and Burrows himself states that he received it from P. Desbordes & Co.,-the same Desbordes who sent 'to the other parties' memorandums similar to that which was given to Bouvet, and which stipulated for breach of blockade. There is no indication in the bill of lading that any one except Burrows had any interest in these goods, and no testimony except his own to that effect. Against the strong circumstances which tend to prove that they were in equal fault with all the rest, his not very unequivocal statement, that they were destined for sale in Havana, cannot prevail.
The decree of the District Court, condemning the vessel and cargo as lawful prize, must be
I am unable to concur in the judgment of the court in this case; and shall proceed to state briefly the grounds of my dissent, without entering upon the argument or discussion in support of them.
I think the proof sufficient to show, that the purpose of the master was to break the blockade of the port of New Orleans, and that it existed from the inception of the voyage: but, in my judgment, the defect in the case, on the part of the captors, is that no blockade existed at the port of New Orleans at the time the seizure was made. The city was reduced to possession by the naval forces of the United States, on the 25th of April preceding the seizure, and Forts Jackson and St. Philip on the 23d of the same month. They were situated on the opposite banks of the Mississippi River, about one-third of the way up to the city from its mouth. Admiral Farragut announced to the Government the capture and possession of the city on the day it took place, 25th of April, and General Butler, of the capture of the forts on the 29th. The latter announced, that the enemy had abandoned all their defensive works in and around New Orleans, including Forts Pike and Wood, on Lake Pontchartrain, and Fort Livingston on Barataria Bay; and had abandoned everything up the river as far as Donaldsville, some seventy miles beyond New Orleans. The authority of the Government of the United States had been restored over the city and its inhabitants; and over the Mississippi River, and both of its banks and the inlets to the same, from the ocean or gulf, including, also, the passage for vessels by the way of Lakes Borgne and Pontchartrain, the usual channel for vessels engaged in the coasting trade to and from New Orleans. And on the 1st of May, General Butler announced by proclamation, that the city of New Orleans and its environs, with all its interior and exterior defences, having surrendered to the combined land and naval forces of the United States, and being now in the occupation of these forces, the Major-General commanding hereby proclaims the objects and purposes of the United States in thus taking possession, &c., and the rules and regulations by which the laws of the United States would be, for the present, and during the state of war, enforced and maintained. The seizure of the vessel and cargo was made between Matanzas and Havana, on the 4th of May, several days after the city and port of New Orleans were reduced, and full authority of the United States extended and held over them.
A blockade under the law of nations is a belligerent right, and its establishment an act of war upon the nation whose port is blockaded. One of the most important of the belligerent rights is that of blockading the enemy's ports, not merely to compel the surrender of the place actually attacked or invested, but, as a means, often the most effectual, of compelling the enemy, by the pressure upon his financial and commercial resources, to listen to terms of peace. The object of a blockade, says Chancellor Kent, is not merely to prevent the importation of supplies, but to prevent export as well as import, and to cut off all communication of commerce with the blockaded port.
Now, the capture and possession of the port of the enemy by the blockading force, or by the forces of the belligerent, in the course of the prosecution of the war, puts an end to the blockade and all the penal consequences growing out of this measure to neutral commerce. The altered condition of things, and state of the war between the two parties in respect to the besieged port or town, makes the continuance of the blockade inconsistent with the code of international law on the subject; as no right exists on the part of the belligerent as against the neutral powers to blockade his own ports. This principle was recognized and applied by Sir W. Scott in the case of The Trende Soztre, decided in 1807. [10] She was a Danish vessel and was on a voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, then the port of an enemy, with contraband articles on board, and was seized as a prize of war; but the vessel had arrived at the Cape after that settlement had surrendered to the British forces. The counsel for the captors insisted, that though the settlement had become British, the penalty would not be defeated, as the intention and the act continued the same; that there was no case in which such a distinction had been allowed on the question of contraband. 'The distinction,' it was remarked, 'which had been admitted in blockade cases, stood altogether on particular grounds, as arising out of a class of cases depending on the blockade of neutral ports, in which the court had expressed a disposition to admit all favorable distinctions.' The court, in delivering its opinion, observes: 'If the port had continued Dutch, a person could not have been at liberty to carry thither articles of a contraband nature, under an intention of selling other innocent commodities only, and of proceeding with the contraband articles to a port of ulterior destination. But before the ship arrives, a circumstance takes place which completely discharges the whole of the guilt. Because, from the moment when the Cape became a British possession, the goods lost their nature of contraband. They were going into the possession of a British settlement; and the consequence of any pre-emption that could be put upon them, would be British pre-emption.' The court also observed: 'It has been said, that this is a principle which the court has not applied to cases of contraband; and that the court, in applying it to cases of blockade, did it only in consideration of the particular hardships consequent on that class of cases. But I am not aware of any material distinction; because the principle on which the court proceeded was, that there must be a delictum existing at the moment of the seizure to sustain the penalty.' 'I am of opinion, therefore,' the judge says, in conclusion, 'that the same rule does apply to cases of contraband, and upon the same principle on which it has been applied in those of blockade.' See also the case of The Lisette, [11] and of The Abby, [12] in which the same principle is declared, and one of them a case of blockade.
The cessation of the blockade necessarily resulted from the capture and possession of the port and town of New Orleans. They no longer belonged to the enemy, nor were under its dominion, but were a port and town of the United States. They had become emphatically so, for the capture was not that of the territory of a foreign nation to which we had obtained only the right and title of a conqueror; but the conquest was over our own territory, and over our own people, who had by illegal combinations, and mere force and violence, subverted the laws and usurped the authority of the General Government. The capture was but the restoration of the ancient possession, authority, and laws of the country, the continuance and permanency of which, so far as the right is involved, depend not on conquest, nor on the success or vicissitudes of armies; but upon the Constitution of the United States, which extends over every portion of the Union, and is the supreme law of the land. The doubt, therefore, that arose in the case of the Thirty Hogsheads of Sugar v. Boile, [13] and which was solved by Chief Justice Marshall, and related to the case of a foreign conquest, cannot arise in this case. The Chief Justice observed, 'Some doubt has been suggested whether Santa Cruz, while in possession of Great Britain, could properly be considered a British island. But for this doubt there can be no foundation. Although acquisitions made during war are not considered permanent until confirmed by treaty; yet, to every commercial and belligerent purpose they are considered as part of the domain of the conqueror, so long as he retains the possession and government of them. The Island of Santa Cruz, after the capitulation, remained a British island until it was restored to Denmark.' Now, as we have seen, it is not necessary to invoke this doctrine in a case where the capture is of territory previously belonging to the sovereign power acquiring it, and which is retaken and held under the organic law and authority of that power.
I have said, that the cessation of the blockade in question resulted from the capture and repossession of the port and town of New Orleans, and that there was no longer an enemy's port or town to be blockaded. In addition to this, the moment the capture took place, and the authority of the United States was established, the municipal laws of that government took the place of the international law upon which the blockade rested. The reason for its continuance no longer existed: it had accomplished its object as one of the coercive measures against the enemy to compel a surrender. So far as intercourse with the town became material, whether commercial or otherwise, after the capture and possession, it was subject to regulation by the municipal laws, and which is much more efficient and absolute and less expensive than the measure of blockade. It is true, these laws cannot operate extra-territorially; but within the limit of the jurisdiction, and which extends to a marine league from the coast, their control over all intercourse with the port or town is complete. Seizures of neutral vessels and cargo on the high seas are, indeed, not admissible, but blockades are not established for the purpose of these seizures; they are but incidental to the exercise of the belligerent right against the port of the enemy.
The proclamation of the President of the 12th of May, 1862, which announces that the blockade of the port of New Orleans shall cease after the 1st of June following, has been referred to as evidence of its continuance to that period. But I think it will be difficult to maintain the position upon any principle of international law, that the belligerent may continue a blockading force at the port after it has not only ceased to be an enemy's, but has become a port of its own. It is not necessary that the belligerent should give notice of the capture of the town, in order to put in operation the municipal laws of the place against neutrals. The act is a public event of which foreign nations are bound to take notice, and conform their intercourse to the local laws. The same principle applies to the blockade, and the effect of the capture of the port upon it. The event is public and notorious, and the effect and consequences of the change in the state of war upon the blockading force well understood.
I have felt it a duty to state the grounds of my dissent in this case, not on account of the amount of property involved, though that is considerable, or from any particular interests connected with the case, but from a conviction that there is a tendency, on the part of the belligerent, to press the right of blockade beyond its proper limits, and thereby unwittingly aid in the establishment of rules that are often found inconvenient, and felt as a hardship, when, in the course of events, the belligerent has become a neutral. I think the application of the law of blockade, in the present case, is a step in that direction, and am, therefore, unwilling to give it my concurrence.
[See infra, p. 258, The Venice; a case, in some senses, suppletory or complemental to the present one.]
- ↑ These forts were situated on opposite banks of the Mississippi River, about one-third of the way up to New Orleans from its mouths, and commanded the river approaches to the city. See chart, infra, page 140.
- ↑ The state of things was thus described by the commanding general, at a later date, in justification of some severe measures adopted by him:
- ↑ 4 Wheaton, 253.
- ↑ The Lissett, 6 Robinson, 387, 395.
- ↑ 3 Robinson, 138, Amer. ed.; 167, English ed.
- ↑ 1 Kent, 150; Yeaton v. Fry, 5 Cranch, 342, 343; The Nereide, 9 Id. 440, 446; Fitzsimmons v. Newport Ins. Co., 4 Id. 199; Maryland Ins. Co. v. Woods, 6 Id. 45; Vos v. The United Ins. Co., 1 Caines' Cases, 23; Liotard v. Graves, 3 Caines' R., 225; Calhoun v. Ins. Co. of Pennsylvania, 1 Binney, 309; Williams v. Smith, 1 Caines' R., 1; Radcliffe v. United Ins. Co., 7 Johnson, 38; Hautefeuille, Des Droit et des Devoirs des Nations Neutres, vol. ii, pp. 241 to 244; Pistoye & Duverdy, Traite des Prises Maritimes, vol. i, p. 370; Heffter Europ aisches V olker-recht, p. 276, sec. 156; Pando, pp. 500, 503; Mr. King to Lord Grenville, Amer. State Papers, 'Foreign Relations,' vol. iii, p. 370; Mr. Smith to Com. Preble, 3 Wheaton's R., Appendix, p. 10; Mr. Monroe to the Chevalier de Onis, Amer. State Papers, For. Rel., vol. iv, p. 156; Mr. Irving to Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ibid. p. 158; Mr. Raguet to Brazilian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Pub. Doc., 1st Sess. 20th Cong., 'State Papers,' vol. vii, Doc. 281, pp. 11 and 12; Mr. Mason, Sec. of Navy, to Commanding Officer in Pacific, 24th Dec. 1846; Mr. Marcy to Count de Sartiges, Ex. Doc. 3d Sess. 34th Cong., vol. i, pt. 1, p. 33; The 'Columbia,' 1 Robinson, 154; Bentzon v. Boyle, 9 Cranch, 191.
- ↑ 6 Robinson, 201 and 204, note.
- ↑ The Betsey, Goodhue, Master, 1 Robinson, 282; The Neptune, 1 Id. 144.
- ↑ Yeaton v. Fry, 5 Cranch, 335; 1 Kent's Commentaries, 150; The Frederick Molke, 1 Robinson, 72; The Columbia, 1 Id. 130; The Neptune, 2 Id. 94.
- ↑ 6 Robinson, 390, n.
- ↑ 6 Robinson, 387.
- ↑ 5 Id. 251.
- ↑ 9 Cranch, 191.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse


text:
Google Cloud Platform
Simplify and Accelerate Modern Application Development
Simplify Database Management
Deploy, scale, and manage a database with web-hosted client-side tools and integrated billing. Pay for what you use, with no upfront costs.
Accelerate Application Development
Cassandra users will appreciate the easy-to-use development tools that can be deployed with a click of a button.
Eliminate Administrative Overhead
Automated backups, patches, and upgrades. AI-powered monitoring, with cluster health. Manage and log tickets with Google Cloud support.
DataStax is Uniquely Suited for Google Cloud
Over 60% of DataStax customer deployments are in the public cloud.
DataStax Astra DB
DataStax and Google Cloud Platform make Apache Cassandra ready for business in the cloud. A true cloud-native Database-as-a-Service that leverages its own Kubernetes operator, Astra DB incorporates fundamental innovations at the core database engine layer. Astra DB has a native integration with the GCP console and delivers a first party experience to Google Cloud customers.
Related Resources
Introduction to Astra DB: Cassandra-as-a-Service on GCP
See how Astra DB, Cassandra-as-a-Service, and can be deployed in GCP.Learn More
Migrate Open-Source Cassandra to Astra DB on GCP
Learn how to migrate Cassandra onto Astra DB on GCP with real world examples.Learn More


text:
Angel Mart
Fun and cute memory card game. The theme is shopping mart food. Match as many of the cards as you can in the time allotted. The higher up you go the more difficult it gets. How far can you go before you fail the cute chibi?
Angel Mart Fullscreen
Game not loaded yet.