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Amending the AirCarrier Access Act (PDF, 40K)
Lex Frieden, Chairperson
July 8, 2004
The National Council on Disability (NCD) is an independent federal agency that advises the President and Congress on issues affecting more than 54 million Americans with physical and mental disabilities. NCD's fundamental purpose is to promote policies, programs, practices, and procedures that guarantee equal opportunity for all individuals with disabilities, regardless of the nature or severity of the disability, and to empower individuals with disabilities to achieve economic self-sufficiency, independent living, inclusion, and integration into all aspects of society.
For a number of years, NCD has been engaged in the effort to improve access to air travel for individuals with disabilities, and has monitored the efforts of the Department of Transportation to enforce the provisions of the Air Carrier Access Act.1The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) prohibits discrimination by air carriers against people with disabilities. NCD has addressed the issue of discrimination by air carriers against people with disabilities in a number of reports, including the following:
- Achieving Independence: The Challenge for the 21st Century. July 26, 1996 (noting the persistent problems with air travel faced by people with disabilities such as: untrained or poorly trained attendants and other airline personnel, lack of accessible public announcement systems for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing and the lack of captioning of TV monitors and airport channels at airports).
- Enforcing the Civil Rights of Air Travelers with Disabilities: Recommendations for The Department of Transportation and Congress. February 26, 1999 (recommending, among other things, that Congress amend the Air Carrier Access Act to establish an express statutory private right of action).
- National Disability Policy: A Progress Report, December 2000 - December 2001. July 26, 2002 (recommending improved collaboration between the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation in the implementation and enforcement of civil rights laws bearing on transportation).
- National Disability Policy: A Progress Report, December 2001 - December 2002. July 26, 2003 (voicing concern regarding the impact of major airline personnel cutbacks on services and accommodations for passengers with disabilities).
For many years most courts recognized an implied private right of action to enforce the ACAA, but in the last few years the courts have moved to prohibit private rights of action to redress discrimination under the ACAA. This recent change in the interpretation of the law by the courts makes the need for Congressional action to amend the ACAA crucial if progress is to be made in improving access to air travel for people with disabilities. Congress must amend the ACAA to provide for a private right of action in order for the civil rights of persons with disabilities to be enforced effectively.
NCD's interest in amending the ACAA to provide for a private right of action stems partly from the fact that Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act does not apply to air carriers, as well as the fact that the Department of Transportation (DOT), notwithstanding its more thorough investigation of complaints pursuant to the ACAA's 2000 amendments, does not have the authority to ensure that victims of discrimination under the ACAA are reimbursed for economic losses or are directly compensated for other injuries. Civil penalties levied against an airline do nothing for the individual who has suffered a loss, economic or otherwise, as a result of discrimination.
History of the Air Carrier Access Act
The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created a limited legal obligation of nondiscrimination. Section 404(a) required air carriers to provide "safe and adequate" service.2 Section 404(b), as originally written, prohibited "undue or unreasonable preference or advantage to any particular person, port, locality, or description of traffic."3 Gradually, the legal meaning of these two provisions was understood to prohibit any kind of unjustified discrimination toward air travelers. The Civil Aeronautics Board, which was the regulatory agency then responsible for the enforcement of these provisions, generally only invoked these provisions in connection with rate or fare issues. As a consequence, these provisions had little actual impact on improving access to air transportation for persons with disabilities. Airline and airport policies, as a rule, remained unresponsive to the needs of persons with disabilities, justifying their unresponsiveness on the basis of safety, economics, and the convenience of other passengers. 4
In 1973, discrimination on the basis of disability was specifically prohibited by law with the passage of the Rehabilitation Act.5 Section 504, as amended, prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in any federally assisted program;6however, the anti-discrimination proscription of the Rehabilitation Act applies only to carriers that receive direct federal subsidies.7
The Paralyzed Veterans of America (PVA) challenged the limited application of Section 504, arguing that all carriers benefit from federal assistance in the form of air traffic control services and federal grants for improving airport facilities.8 The PVA argued that since the airlines indirectly received federal assistance, the regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 504 should apply to all air carriers.9 The Supreme Court disagreed however, and held that unsubsidized carriers were not recipients of federal assistance and thus were outside the scope of Section 504.10 This decision of the court exempted most carriers from the duty to make specific accommodations in providing services to passengers with disabilities, and left the passenger with a disability little or no protection against discrimination by the airline industry.
In response to this decision, Congress enacted and President Reagan signed into law, the Air Carrier Access Act of 1986.11 Initially codified as Section 404(c) of the Federal Aviation Act (49 U.S.C. 1374(c)), the amendment prohibited discrimination on the basis of disability by all carriers, and authorized DOT to issue regulations "to ensure nondiscriminatory treatment of qualified handicapped individuals consistent with safe carriage of all passengers on air carriers."12 Subsequently, DOT has issued a series of regulations implementing the ACAA that are codified at Title 14 CFR Part 382. In 2000, Congress amended the ACAA to require foreign air carriers to comply with U.S. accessibility standards and strengthen enforcement by DOT.
Changed Judicial Interpretation
For many years, the courts held that the Air Carrier Access Act provided an implied private right of action to enforce the statute. In Tallarico v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.,13 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that the ACAA impliedly provides for a private right of action to enforce the statute. In Tallarico, the court analyzed the ACAA using the four factors that were enumerated in the Supreme Court opinion, Cort v. Ash.14 In the Cort case, the Supreme Court established the four factors, hereinafter Cort factors, which a court should use in determining whether a statute provided an implied private right of action. These four factors are: (1) whether the plaintiff is one of the class of persons whom the statute was intended to benefit; (2) whether the legislature intended to create a private remedy; (3) whether a private remedy is consistent with the underlying statutory scheme; and (4) whether the contemplated remedy traditionally has been relegated to state law.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit likewise concluded that the ACAA allowed for a private right of action. In the case of Shinault v. American Airlines, Inc.,15 the Court analyzed the ACAA by applying the four Cort factors and agreed with the Eighth Circuit that the ACAA satisfied all four of the Cort factors as applied in that case, and concluded that "Congress intended to allow private plaintiffs to recover all necessary and appropriate remedies."16 Most courts around the country that had the opportunity to decide the issue either agreed with the Eighth and Fifth Circuits that the ACAA provided for an implied private right of action, or assumed as much since the issue was not raised by the parties.17
In April of 2001 the United States Supreme Court decided the case of Alexander v. Sandoval.18 While the Sandoval case did not deal directly with the ACAA, the Court announced that private rights of action to enforce federal law, like federal substantive law itself, must be created by Congress, and that statutory intent is determinative in deciding whether a statute creates not just a right but also a private remedy.19 This opinion was the catalyst for the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit to decide that, contrary to the opinion of other courts around the country, the ACAA does not provide for a private right of action to enforce the statute.20
The Effect of the Sandoval Opinion on the Air Carrier Access Act
In Love v. Delta Air Lines,21 the Eleventh Circuit held that the ACAA does not grant litigants a private right of action. Justice Marcus, writing for the court in Love, concluded that the ACAA contains no congressional intent to create a private right of action because it contains no "rights-creating language," which focuses on the class to be protected rather than the persons to be regulated.22 The court stated that its analysis of the issue in the context of the ACAA is "informed and controlled" by the Supreme Court's decision in Alexander v. Sandoval, which it said "distills and clarifies" the approach that the court is obliged to follow in such determinations.23 In the Love case, the court also concluded that since the ACAA does contain some express provision for enforcement, Congress must have intended to preclude other forms of enforcement. In the Love case, the court ultimately found that, "our review of the text and structure of the ACAA yields no congressional intent to create a private right of action in a federal district court.24
The court in the Love case stated that the Supreme Court, at one time, implied a private right of action from a statute if it concluded that doing so would advance what it perceived to be Congress' purpose in enacting the statute.25 The Love court went on to state that while the Supreme Court's decision in Cort v. Ash26 gave more concrete guidance to such an inquiry by articulating four factors that must be considered before a private right of action may be implied, the Supreme Court, since the late 1970s, had receded from reliance on three of the four Cort factors, instead focusing solely on legislative intent to create a private right of action as the "touchstone" of its analysis, with this trend culminating in the Supreme Court's decision in Alexander v. Sandoval.27 The court in the Love case pointed out that the Supreme Court had stated in Sandoval that without statutory intent to create a private cause of action, the courts cannot create one, no matter how desirable as a policy matter or how compatible with the statute, because while creating causes of action may be a proper function for common-law courts, it is not a proper function for federal tribunals.28
Deterrence and the Redress of Injuries
Even though the Department of Transportation is mandated by the ACAA to investigate complaints of discrimination reported to it by citizens, there is no provision that would allow DOT to order the offending party to make restitution to a person with a disability who has suffered a physical or economic injury caused by discrimination on the basis of disability. The current practice of a number of airlines is to offer a complaining party a free ticket for air travel, presumably to encourage the complainant not to pursue the matter any further. Many complainants accept the tickets out of the belief, rightly or wrongly held, that it is their only chance at some sort of compensation for their injury.
Additionally, at least one court has determined that, while Congress required DOT to "investigate" every ACAA complaint that does not mean that DOT must "adjudicate" every ACAA complaint.29 Thus, people with disabilities currently have no guarantee that a claim of discrimination against an air carrier will be resolved on the merits. By allowing for a private right of action to enforce the statute, Congress will be ensuring that meaningful redress is available to victims of discrimination.
One may ask, what types of injuries do victims of discrimination suffer? To list just a few examples, many times people will have scheduled an event such as a cruise, where they stand to lose thousands of dollars if they are not on board when the cruise departs. As in the case of Shinault v. American Airlines30, the complainant had just met with President George H.W. Bush at the White House and was attempting to return to Jackson, Mississippi where a press conference was scheduled, but missed his connecting flight because the airline had allegedly refused to let him deplane until all the other passengers had deplaned, and refused to board him on his flight to Jackson even though the plane had not yet left the gate.
In Tallarico v. Transworld airlines,31 a fourteen-year-old girl with cerebral palsy was prohibited by Transworld Airlines from traveling alone on the basis of her disability. As a result, her father had to fly to Houston, where she had attempted to board a flight to St. Louis for the Thanksgiving holidays, and fly with her, at a cost to him of $1,350.
Paralyzed Veterans of America members report encountering broken or unavailable wheelchairs, poor boarding assistance, and lack of seating accommodations, making many think twice about future air travel.32
The number and types of discrimination by air carriers against passengers with disabilities are also evident in DOT enforcement records. In September 2001, the Department of Transportation charged Northwest Airlines with several hundred violations of the Air Carrier Access Act, including instances of lengthy delays in obtaining wheelchairs, passengers being stranded aboard aircraft for extended periods, and passengers being left at the wrong gate, resulting sometimes in the passenger missing his or her flight.33 People with disabilities should not have to experience hundreds of acts of discrimination before some action is taken against an air carrier.
A complaint to DOT may accomplish the goal of eventually having the airline fined, but it will not reimburse the complainant for his or her loss of income or opportunity, and many individuals may suffer discrimination before action is taken. In order for victims of discrimination to have a remedy for their losses, and for enforcement to have a deterrent effect, a private right of action is necessary. Civil penalties do nothing to address plaintiffs' injuries, and excessive delay in enforcement actions invites repeated acts of discrimination.
In order for the private right of action to be of benefit to ACAA claimants, it must be accompanied by the same statutory right to attorneys' fees and damages as plaintiffs under Title VII and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Such statutory rights have a common goal: to minimize the cost of litigation to plaintiffs and maximize the incentive of potential defendants to stop discriminatory policies and practices.
The legal and financial resources of people with disabilities are no match for the legal and financial resources of air carriers. Individuals with disabilities will not be able to pursue ACAA discrimination claims without the ability to recover attorneys' fees.
The Actions of the Judiciary
More recent ACAA decisions have held that there is no private right of action under the ACAA. As explained above, currently there is no private right of action to enforce the ACAA in the Eleventh Circuit due to the decision handed down by the court in Love.34 In 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, in the case of Boswell v. Skywest Airlines,35 sided with the Eleventh Circuit and also held that there is no private right of action under the ACAA. In doing so the court held that the ACAA contained "no rights-creating language," and that under the "newer standard" it cannot add a right where none exists.
In another court opinion decided in March of 2003,36 the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota noted that in April 2000 Congress added a subsection to the ACAA that established specific administrative procedures for investigating complaints of discrimination against persons with disabilities. The alarming aspect of the court's dicta was that the court opined that this amendment rendered an implied right of action under the ACAA "inconsistent with the structure of the statute."37 While this is the opinion of a trial court, it is remarkable that this trial court is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals that previously held, in the Tallarico case, that there was an implied private right of action under the ACAA.
The question of what type of relief is available under the ACAA is also unclear.38 Few, if any, courts have explicitly held that punitive damages are available under the ACAA. Only by allowing for punitive damages, as well as a private right of action under the ACAA, can the Act be sufficiently enforced. Proving the amount of compensatory damages in such cases can be very difficult,39 and if this is the only risk to which an airline may be exposed for violating the Act, the airlines may determine that it is worth the risk to continue their discriminatory practices.
The Actions of Congress
While Congress did not expressly provide for a private right of action under the ACAA when it was passed in 1986, nor in 2000 when the law was amended, it can be argued that Congress intended for there to be an implied private right of action to enforce the ACAA. At the time of its original enactment in 1986, the standard for determining whether a statute provided for an implied private right of action was enumerated in Transamerica Mortgage Advisors, Inc. v. Lewis.40 Given the holdings of Transamerica, Congress had every reason to assume that an implied private right of action would be available.41 When Congress amended the ACAA in 2000, nearly every court that had the opportunity to address the issue had either held that there was an implied private right of action under the ACAA, or presumed as much since the issue was not raised by the parties. Given the case law at the time, if Congress had intended to limit enforcement of the ACAA to the regulatory agencies only, it would likely have done so expressly. To add a limitation to the ACAA, which Congress did not add, constitutes the very same form of unauthorized judicial "federal substantive lawmaking" that the court disapproved of in the Sandoval case. Rather than concluding that because Congress did not explicitly provide a private right of action and therefore it must have intended for there not to be such a right, the more logical interpretation of the ACAA, given the history of the Act, is to conclude that Congress intended for there to be a private right of action as the courts had so held for more than a decade before Congress amended the Act in 2000.
The Supreme Court in its Sandoval opinion concluded that, since Congress expressed a form of remedy, it must have meant to exclude others. This is an example of the maxim that to express one thing is to exclude the other by implication. However, as Justice Souter stated in the case of Chevron v. Echazabal,42 "[t]he rule is fine when it applies, but this case joins some others in showing when it does not." As Lord Justice Lopes said of the maxim in Colquhoun v. Brooks:43
"It is often a valuable servant, but a dangerous master to follow in the construction of statutes or documents. The exclusio is often the result of inadvertence or accident, and the maxim ought not to be applied, when its application, having regard to the subject-matter to which it is applied, leads to inconsistency or injustice." (Emphasis added.)
Despite improved enforcement of the Air Carrier Access Act by the Department of Transportation since the 2000 ACAA amendments, people with disabilities continue to experience widespread discrimination by air carriers. While earlier court decisions recognized an implied private right of action under the ACAA, since the Supreme Court's decision in Sandoval, which changed the test for determining whether a private right of action exists, two circuit courts have ruled that the ACAA does not allow private suits. Under Sandoval, Congress must expressly provide for a private right of action in the statute. Thus, only by expressly allowing for a private right of action under the ACAA will victims of discrimination based on disability be able to seek redress for their injuries, and disability-based discrimination by air carriers be deterred. Currently, there is legislation pending before Congress to amend the ACAA to explicitly provide for a private right of action under the ACAA.44 NCD again calls on Congress to amend the ACAA to establish a private right of action for the recovery of compensatory and punitive damages for violations of the ACAA and for the recovery of attorneys' fees.
The National Council on Disability wishes to acknowledge Dwayne Burns for his work in the preparation of this document.
2Federal Aviation Act, 49 U.S.C. § 1374(a).
3 See supra note 2, § 1374(b).
4See Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel, 14 CFR Pt. 382 including November 1996 amendments, at 13-14, U.S. Department of Transportation (1996). .
5Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Pub. L. No. 93-112, 87 Stat. 355 (codified as amended at 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq.).
.7Id. See also Boswell v. Skywest Airlines, Inc., 217 F. Supp. 2d 1212, for a discussion of this requirement.
.8See PVA v. CAB, 752 F.2d 694 (D.C. Cir. 1985).
.9Id., at p.701.
.10See DOT v. PVA, 477 U.S. 597 (1986).
12 Air Carrier Access Act, Pub. L. No. 99-435, 100 Stat. 1080 (then codified at 49 U.S.C. § 1374 (c)(1986)).
13881 F.2d 566 (8th Cir. 1989).
15 936 F.2d 796 (1991).
16 Id., at 804.
.17See Tunison v. Continental Airlines Corp., Inc., 162 F.3d 1187,1189.
.19Id., at 286.
.20See Love v. Delta Air Lines, 310 F.3d 1347 (11th Cir. 2002).
.22See supra note 20, at 1352-53.
.23See supra note 20, at 1351.
24 See supra note 20, at 1360.
25See supra note 20, at 1351.
26 See supra note 14.
27 See supra note 20, at 1351-52.
28 See supra note 20, at 1352.
2951 Fed.Appx. 320, 2002 WL 31545973 (D.C.Cir.)
30See supra note 15.
31Tallarico v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 881 F.2d 566 (8th Cir. 1989).
33 www.dot.gov/affairs/dot9001.htm
34See supra note 20.
352004 WL 502193 (10th Cir. 2004).
36See Alasady v. Northwest Airlines Corp., 2003 WL 1565944 (D. Minn.)
37Id., at 10, fn 13
38See supra note 32, at 311.
39See eg., Tunison, supra at note 17.
41See Nancy Eisenhauer, Implied Causes of Action Under Federal Statutes: The Air Carrier Access Act of 1986, 59 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1183 (1992).
44Section 301 of Senate Bill 2088 cited as the "Fairness and Individual Rights Necessary to Ensure a Stronger Society: Civil Rights Act of 2004" would amend the ACAA to provide for a private right of action.


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One of the more curious things that happened on the way to Donald Trump's election in November 2016 was that a number of both mainstream newspaper commentators and left-wing figures in good standing offered a counter-intuitive take on the proceedings. The most well-known example was probably Maureen Dowd's much discussed "Donald the Dove" column, but other prominent figures who took a similar line included Australian leftist filmmaker John Pilger and Slovenian Marxist gadfly Slavoj Žižek.
The argument went something like this: Donald Trump is certainly a racist, sexist buffoon, but his election might ultimately serve the cause of global peace and anti-imperialism. This line of thinking arose both because Trump had made some vaguely anti-interventionist noises (however contradictory) and because, as a political outsider, he was not beholden to networks of US military and foreign policy powers, which have prevented the country's withdrawal from global empire. Hillary Clinton, by contrast, is deeply embedded in such networks, has made threatening statements towards Russia and China and was known as a hawkish voice inside the Obama cabinet. Therefore, on balance—so the argument went—a Trump presidency might be preferable from a global perspective, even if it would be worse from a US domestic one.
Though this opinion, just under two years later, might seem laughably naïve at best, there is evidence that it might have contained some truth. The policy that the Trump administration has pursued towards North Korea has been deeply incoherent and contradictory, but it seems to be moving, according to indications from the South Korean government, in the direction of conflict resolution. Though it is very difficult to predict what will happen next—and even if a positive outcome were to occur, it would not mean that Trump's election was worth it—it is certainly an unorthodox approach, which could yield positive results. Similarly, putting aside the questions of personal collusion and electoral meddling, one might see a certain logic in Trump's desire for a better relationship with Russia, and his related questioning of the continued relevance of NATO. After all, Russia is a large, nuclear-armed power, with whom a direct military confrontation would be potentially catastrophic for the entire world. Respected establishment foreign policy figures such as George Kennan have previously made the case that NATO should have been disbanded after the collapse of the Soviet Union and that later moves to expand it were needlessly provocative towards Russia. It is not necessary to have the kind of personal affection for Vladimir Putin and his style of governance that Trump seemingly does to pursue this policy, and one could reasonably see a progressive or liberal government pursuing it.
It is also curious that these two policy tracks—by far the most dovish that Trump has pursued—have been the source of the most withering criticism, both from Democrats and from his fellow Republicans. Trump has been repeatedly depicted as surrendering to foreign powers, abandoning traditional allies and, most explosively, of committing treason against the United States itself. If Trump were genuinely pursuing a rethinking of the global position of the US, along the lines of even a partial withdrawal from military dominance, it might be worth defending him from such attacks, if only to uphold the ideas themselves. However, other aspects of his approach to foreign policy, such as moving the American embassy in Israel to Jerusalem, abrogating the Iran nuclear deal and the gloves off military policy in Afghanistan, demonstrate that, whatever may be motivating his relatively unorthodox approach in some areas, it is not a coherent alternative doctrine.
A Problem of Power
What the confusion around the relative merits of Trump's freeform musings on global affairs (they lack the coherence of policy) ultimately reveals, then, is less about Trump and more about people like Pilger and Žižek: namely, that they are politically starved for an alternative—no matter how incoherent—to the apparently bipartisan status quo that defenders term the liberal international order and detractors call US (or Western) hegemony.
The progressive Left—a broad political category, ranging from social democratic Bernie Sanders supporters to more radical Marxist-inspired socialists—do not have a clear, coherent alternative vision of foreign policy, outside of dominant paradigms. Though the Left does have some relatively unified, consistent stances on individual issues and levels heavy, often deserved, critiques at the status quo, it is not clear what they would do differently, at a fundamental level, were they to gain power.
This lack of a program may be partly due to a fundamental skepticism about state power as such, among certain parts of the Left. For those who take this perspective, discussion of state–to–state international relations is inherently anti-progressive: the focus ought to be on building global solidarity from the ground up via worker–to–worker contact. A great deal of activism, both within and outside the formal labor movement, focuses on precisely this.
However, a good portion of the Left, energized by the successes of campaigns such as those of Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn, has started to seriously reengage with the taking of state power via electoral means. This rejection of state power as a goal has, at least in the recent past, been primarily a feature of the Left in the global North. One of the more encouraging elements of the so-called Latin American pink tide governments was their desire to construct alternative multilateral institutions and independent foreign relations practices, outside of the US-dominated status quo. Of course, those governments faced criticism from leftist movements within their respective nations, but they tended to approach the questions of state power and state-focused foreign policy as pragmatic, rather than doctrinaire, ones.
Broadly speaking, current strains of foreign policy thinking on the left can be slotted into three categories (though these occasionally overlap and the proponents of them may not identify as such): pseudo-realism, anti-imperialism and modified liberal internationalism. Though all three have virtues—and are certainly better than the status quo—they are all beset by holes and contradictions, which render them partially inoperative as functional alternative policy models.
The first mode, pseudo-realism (which does not fully subscribe to the academy theory of realism, but retains aspects of its analysis), most accurately describes the thoughts on foreign policy offered by Bernie Sanders. For advocates of this position, the primary problem with Western foreign policy has been hubris and overreach, combined with the globe-conquering impulses of certain elite groups and prominent individuals. Most often, critiques from this perspective will talk about the regional chaos in the aftermath of the Iraq War, as well as the bullying presence of the United States across the world, as evidence that it is better to stay home and fix one's own metaphorical roof. The loss of blood and treasure in these conflicts is also often framed in terms of the social programs that could have been paid for with the wasted military expenditure. This approach cautions against war, viewing it as a last resort, and is particularly critical of regime change wars, due to the instability they cause.
In some ways, pseudo-realism is the least radical and forward thinking of the three modes listed above, probably because of the essential conservatism (in the classical sense) of realism as a doctrine. Pseudo-realism has little to say about the exploitation of workers in low-wage countries by corporations based in the global North, for instance, other than to express general concern, often framed as a critique of outsourcing. Its adherents also tend to defer to conventional wisdom on issues such as terrorism, though they do call for a less militaristic, more law enforcement-based approach to these questions. Pseudo-realism also has something in common with the nationalist impulse to take care of our own first, before embarking upon idealistic quests to serve the global good (though of course the way it frames our own and the global good is very different). Beyond this, the essential problem with pseudo-realism is that, though it identifies past problems well, it offers little guidance for future action, beyond a suggestion that we stay out of the wider world militarily and redirect resources towards social protection at home. Though its adherents tend to be skeptical of trade agreements and other international instruments, such as the World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund, pseudo-realists say little as to how such organizations should be reformed or what ought to replace them. Pseudo-realism also tends to be inconsistent on questions of global co-operation in other areas, such as climate change, or what on what ought to be done, from a non-military perspective, to deal with states with poor human rights records. Unlike classical realism, this mode does not view maintaining state sovereignty as a goal in itself, but it is unclear on when and how it can be abrogated to serve progressive purposes.
The anti-imperialist position takes the objection to Western military power further. Within this framework of thought, actions such as the Iraq War are not viewed as blunders, or as the fault of individual bad actors, but rather as an exercise in reinforcing unequal global power structures. It links these interventions to economic exploitation by private actors, in alliance with their respective governments, and opposes them on all levels. Though anti-imperialism contains an important structural element that pseudo-realist explanations of global events lack, it has conceptual problems of its own: namely, its tendency to view all the world's problems through the lens of Western interests, thereby flattening out political and policy contradictions and conflicts within and between states in the global South. Such a philosophy makes it very difficult, for instance, to make sense of the fact that leftist Kurdish militias are reliant on airpower supplied by the United States, in their fight against ISIS. Taken to extremes, this position can bleed over into apologia for oppressive regimes, such as Assad's Syria, on the often spurious basis that they are resisting American hegemony. One should not be suspected of such sympathies merely for opposing Western intervention—but such interventions can be opposed, without harboring illusions about the intentions of the state actors on either side.
Setting such considerations aside, the largest conceptual problem with anti-imperialism is that it is very much a position of outsider critique, as opposed to a recipe for handling actual state power. Put bluntly, it is unclear what—aside from ceasing to exist—powers such as the United States could do to improve the world, in this vision. This renders anti-imperialism more of a slogan than a guide for policy or action, if one is indeed interested in attaining state power. For this reason, Western anti-imperialism tends to be associated with those on the Left who are most skeptical of state power and electoral politics. Jeremy Corbyn has positioned himself alongside anti-imperialists in certain ways (in particular, in his portrayal of terrorism as a result of blowback from Western intervention), but his positions have tended to straddle a middle point between the three modes described here, depending on the subject at hand, particularly since he became leader of the Labour Party and has had to realistically grapple with the notion of running the British state, as opposed to being a mere backbencher.
Modified Liberal Internationalism
Finally, the modified liberal internationalist position seeks to achieve progressive goals by modifying the actions and purposes of existing international institutions. Under this conception, it is the responsibility of progressive actors within more powerful nations to use their power in a way that addresses global economic and social problems. Often, this view is expressed through calls for the embedding of strong labor and environmental standards within the main text of trade agreements; or actively pushing for traceability provisions on natural and manufactured goods, to combat child labor, forced labor or illegal mineral extraction. Adherents of this mode of thinking may favor military intervention in situations such as the Rohingya genocide, if the mission is sanctioned by the United Nations and has clear humanitarian purposes. The crucial point is that international co-operation is necessary to achieve any of these goals.
The major difficulty in constructing a modified liberal internationalism (we might term it progressive internationalism if it is truly implemented) is that it requires a very high level of policy coordination between states, in order to be tenable. This is true of any effort at the international level—especially given the wide ideological, cultural and organizational differences between countries—but it is particularly true of progressive causes. This is both because of powerful corporate opposition to such efforts and because of what existing international institutions were essentially designed to do. Post-WWII institutions were and are structurally designed for a few tasks: chiefly, the maintenance of a general global order and the facilitation of economic trade. They are also designed to privilege certain countries—the major powers at the time of their creation—over others (the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the most obvious example of this). As they have evolved, and other institutions have grown up around them, they have also tended to take on a more explicitly neoliberal cast. The actions of the European Union in terms of forcing austerity on recalcitrant nations such as Spain and Greece are prominent examples here. It is theoretically possible to reform institutions away from their initial purposes—and indeed there has been some progress towards this, in terms of global action on climate change and other forms of pollution. However, the efforts of individuals such as Yanis Varoufakis to reform the European Union, for instance, have been mostly stillborn. It might be possible to build up new international institutions, with different explicit purposes, but it is difficult to see what the impetus for this would be, especially given the unlikelihood that an alliance of leftist governments seeking to foster such institutions would attain the kind of simultaneous hegemony needed to pull off such a feat.
A Way Forward
Given the problems outlined above, where does this leave the Left in terms of foreign policy guidance? We have had little experience of truly leftist—as opposed to merely liberal—foreign policy in the global North, with one major exception. Under the leadership of Olof Palme, in 1969–76 and 1982–86, the Swedish government executed one of the most dramatic shifts of foreign policy direction in post-WWII Europe. Though, for both pragmatic and ideological reasons, the country's Social Democratic Party leaders had always maintained a fairly neutral stance in the Cold War and remained relatively independent of other global North nations (Sweden never joined NATO), Palme came from the left wing of the Social Democrats and wanted to go further. During his tenure, Sweden denounced the imperial actions of both the United States and Soviet Union, played a coordinating role in global anti-apartheid sanctions against South Africa, and developed relationships with revolutionary governments and organizations, from Cuba through Palestine to the Western Sahara. In doing so, Palme may have come the closest of anyone to actualizing a leftist approach to foreign policy in the global North—an approach which earned him both friends and enemies in equal measure.
Though this approach was not without internal contradictions (Sweden retained a secret military treaty with the United States throughout the Palme government, despite several freezes in formal diplomatic relations), it represents a path not taken over the longer term, occurring as it did during the last gasp of traditional European social democratic governance and at the dawn of the neoliberal era. With many now arguing that this era itself is now coming to a close, it is the time to start looking to past successes for potential lessons, both positive and cautionary, and Palme's Sweden may be the most analogous to our current circumstances. It is not the only—or even the primary—example we should look to, but it deserves more engagement than it has received in recent years.
In the political realm, it is not enough simply to be against the status quo, particularly since the space for a purely anti-establishment voice can be so easily co-opted by figures from the political Right. There is a huge gap within the foreign policy conversation. Many polls, for instance, have shown that the American general public is skeptical of conventional trade agreements and overseas interventions, but the Left has not been able to successfully fill this gap by giving coherent shape to these ambient social feelings. For the sake of our political future, and of global peace and human development, it is time to start seriously theorizing about what to do if and when we find some of the most powerful policy levers in human history within our grasp.

subset: commoncrawl


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About emotion focused therapy for individuals and couples
Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) is a well-known humanistic approach to psychotherapy formulated in the 1980's and developed in tandem with the science of adult attachment, a profound developmental theory of personality and intimate relationships.
EFT focuses on bonding in couples and families and is also effective in therapy of emotional disturbances and life crises.
This science has expanded our understanding of individual dysfunction and health as well as the nature of love relationships and family bonds. Attachment views human beings as innately relational, social and wired for intimate bonding with others. The EFT model prioritizes emotion and emotional regulation as the key organizing agents in individual experience and key relationship interactions.
EFT is best known as a cutting edge, tested and proven couple intervention, but it is also used to address individual depression, anxiety and post traumatic stress (EFIT – Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy) and to repair family bonds (EFFT – Emotionally Focused Family Therapy).
This model operationalizes the principles of attachment science using non-pathologizing experiential (paralleling Carl Rogers) and relational systems techniques (paralleling Salvador Minuchin) to focus on and change core organizing factors in both the self and key relationships.
Please find more about the method at International Centre for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy (ICEEFT)
Mrs. Hanna Usatenko, psychologist
Appointments in Kyiv and online by request.


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Deploy an ExtraHop Flow Sensor with AWS
This guide explains how to deploy the ExtraHop flow sensor virtual appliance (EFC 1291v) on the Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform.
The EFC 1291v is designed to connect to Reveal(x) 360 and collect flow-based traffic from your network. Packet analysis is not available.
Your environment must meet the following requirements to deploy an EFC 1291v appliance in AWS:
- An AWS account
- Access to the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) of the ExtraHop 1100v appliance
- An EFC 1291v appliance product key
- An AWS instance type that most closely matches the EFC appliance VM size, as
Appliance Supported Instance Type Reveal(x) EFC 1291v c5.xlarge (4 vCPU and 8 GB RAM)
Deployment overview
Collecting flow logs requires the following configuration setup.
- Configure an IAM policy and IAM role.
- Deploy the ExtraHop flow sensor instance in AWS.
- Download and configure an ExtraHop-supplied Lambda function. The Lambda function runs whenever new flow logs become available and then relays any new events to your sensor. See the following AWS documentation for more information: Using AWS Lambda with Amazon Kinesis Firehose.
- Enable VPC Flow Logs publishing for a set of VPCs in your environment.
- Add a Lambda trigger.
- (Optional): Configure Route 53.
Configure an IAM permission policy and IAM role
Create an IAM policy through the JSON tab with
the following parameters:
{ "Statement": [ { "Action": [ "ec2:Describe*" ], "Effect": "Allow", "Resource": "*" } ], "Version": "2012-10-17" }
Create an IAM role and attach the
permission policy.
The ExtraHop system requires an instance IAM role to correlate IP addresses from flow logs to instances, gateways, and Lambdas.
Deploy the sensor AMI
Deploy a Reveal(x) EDA 1100V by following the Deploy an ExtraHop sensor in AWS guide.
The EDA 1100V is a packet sensor that becomes a flow logs sensor when the license is entered. The sensor will no longer process packets.
Tip: You can subscribe to the Reveal(x) 1100v (BYOL) software through the AWS Marketplace.
- Log in to the ExtraHop system through https://<extrahop-hostname-or-IP-address>. The username is setup and the password is the string of numbers after the i- in the instance ID.
- Follow the prompts to accept the license agreement, enter the product key, change the default setup and shell user account passwords, connect to ExtraHop Cloud Services, and connect to Reveal(x) 360.
- Click the System Settings icon , and then click All Administration.
- In the Access Settings section, click API Access.
- In the Generate an API Key section, type a description for the new key and then click Generate.
Generate the Flow Log secret from the REST API Explorer.
- Click Open ExtraHop API Explorer.
- Click Enter API Key and then paste or type your API key into the API Key field.
- Click Authorize and then click Close.
- Click ExtraHop and then click POST /extrahop/flowlogs/secret.
- Click Try it out and then click Send Request.
- In the Response Body section, view and record the secret value. You will need the secret for the EXTRAHOP_SECRET_KEY environment variable in the next procedure.
Configure the Lambda function
An ExtraHop-supplied lambda function routes new flow log events to the ExtraHop flow sensor whenever called by a lambda trigger.
For more information about creating Lambda functions, see the AWS documentation.
|The Lambda function must be on the same VPC and subnet as the flow log sensor. The function must also be part of a security group that allows outbound TCP 443 traffic to the management interface of the collector.
- Download the exflowlogs-lambda.zip file from the ExtraHop downloads page.
In AWS, create a Lambda function.
- The function must have the Go1.x runtime.
- The function must have an execution role with the following permissions:
CloudWatch Logs:
- CreateLogGroup
- CreateLogStream
- PutLogEvents
- CreateNetworkInterface
- DeleteNetworkInterface
- DescribeNetworkInterfaces
- You must enable connectivity between your Lambda function and the VPC and subnet that your collector is on. The function must also be part of a security group that allows traffic between the function and the collector.
- Upload the exflowlogs-lambda.zip file.
- Under General configuration settings, set the Memory field to 128 MB.
- Under General configuration settings, set the Timeout field to 10 seconds.
- Under Code, Runtime settings, set the handler value to exflowlogs-lambda.
- In the Environment variables settings, set the following environment variables:
EDA_HOST: The IP address or hostname of the VPC flow logs sensor.
EXTRAHOP_SECRET_KEY: The secret you generated through the ExtraHop REST API in the previous procedure.
VERIFY_EDA_HOST_CERT: If the sensor has the default self-signed certificate, specify 0 to disable certificate verification in the Lambda HTTP client. Otherwise, specify 1.
Note: It can take up to 10 minutes before devices are discovered and metrics are published from flow logs.
Create a Kinesis Firehose stream with an HTTP endpoint
- Navigate to the Amazon Kinesis dashboard.
- In the left pane, click Delivery streams.
- Click Create delivery stream.
Choose the following source and destinations:
Source: Direct PUT
Destination: HTTP Endpoint
- Type a unique name in the delivery stream name field.
Specify the following destination settings:
HTTP endpoint name: HTTP endpoint
HTTP endpoint URL: The URL of the Lambda function
Access key : The flow logs secret you generated when you deployed the sensor.
Content encoding: GZIP
- Click Create delivery stream.
Create the VPC flow log
Identify the VPCs that you want to monitor with the flow sensor.
- If your ExtraHop AWS deployment includes packet sensors, you should avoid monitoring a particular VPC with both a packet sensor and a flow logs sensor.
- While it is possible to send logs for smaller units like individual subnets or interfaces, sending the entire VPC yields the best discovery of devices.
- Select your VPC.
- Click the Flow logs tab and then click Create flow log
Configure the following settings:
Filter: Accept
Maximum aggregation interval: 1 Minute
Destination: Send to Kinesis Firehose in the same account or in a different account
Kinesis Firehose delivery stream name: Select the stream name you created previously
Log record format: Select Custom format and then select the log format attributes in the following order:
- end
- log-status
- vpc-id
- interface-id
- srcaddr
- dstaddr
- srcport
- dstport
- protocol
- tcp-flags
- packets
- bytes
- pkt-srcaddr
- pkt-dstaddr
The format preview should appear similar to the following figure.
Configure Route 53 logs (optional)
Amazon Route 53 provides DNS query logging, which is not required for the flow log configuration but is strongly recommended when the Amazon DNS server is configured.
To configure Route 53 to log DNS queries that originate in your VPCs, see the following AWS documentation: Managing Resolver query logging configurations.
- Go to the Route 53 service.
- In the Resolver section, click Query logging.
- Click Configure query logging.
- Type a query logging configuration name.
- Select Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream as the query logs destination.
- Select the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that you created previously.
- In the VPCs to log queries for section, click Add VPC.
- Select the VPCs that you want to log queries for and then click Add.
- Click Configure query logging.


text:
Detroit poet Jamaal May's poem "I Do Have A Seam," which he reads in the video above, is three poems in one. The form, called a contrapuntal poem, is made up of two columns. The reader can read the first column alone, the second column alone, and both columns combined. As you can hear in May's reading above, each reading provides a different feeling, a different mood – in this case, each version building to create a beautiful swell as he reads the poem as a whole. In the interest of remaining true to format and just to show the intricacy and sheer beauty of the form, here is the text:
In the poem, as in many poems in May's book Hum, the speaker is talking about components – here, literally and figuratively illustrating the construction of a body. The seam as a "chrome zipper," the chest a work for a seamstress – throughout his poems, individuals and objects are one in the same, being comprised of, being broken down, being discarded as well as being created.
The poem "Still Life" begins: "Boy with roof shingles / duct taped to shins and forearms / threading barbed wire through pant loops." The scenery becomes the scene, intricately involved with the characters, as the boy goes on to fasten a towel as a make-shift super-hero cape. "Boy in the shuttered district, / a factory of shattered vials // green and brown glass." The boy is created and bolstered by the remnants of the city around him.
Often in his poems, Detroit is predominantly featured throughout Hum, not only as a setting but as an influence. A spirit. May is depicting the world in terms of production and of parts, just as the city famously thrived on factories in its past.
The poem "Hum of the Machinist's Lover" begins "There is zinc under your / breastplate, copper in your / throat. I polish your steel // to a shimmer". The machines are beautiful, and personified. The city is personified, and less beautiful. In the poem "And Even the Living Are Lost," May writes "Pigeons scrap over a crust of bread while feathers / fall into filthy runoff water. The gutter spits them / down the throat of a sewer. The sewer gives us nothing, / the curb at least returns the dice." The machines are idealized things of beauty, the city is a broken landscape.
There is a longing to bring things together in May's poems: to embrace what was beautiful about Detroit alongside what is not, the past and the present, the individual and the city as a whole, human emotions and machinery. Perhaps, like the contrapuntal poem itself, to take these two columns and make them work as one, as a new poem altogether.
We encourage you to use the "Comments" box below to share other resources you may have found for this poet. In this way, we can build together a mini-wiki-encyclopedia on the 2014 Festival Poets.
For more information on the 2014 Dodge Poetry Festival and Program,
visit our website dodgepoetry.org
– See more at: https://blog.grdodge.org/2014/08/29/2014-featured-festival-poet-sharon-olds/#sthash.g7Xml4S2.dpuf


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Once upon a time the folks at Blizzard Entertainment thought they could support the entire world of World of Wacraft by ad revenue. This would have created an MMO experience which would cost you nothing but a bit of annoyance by ad providers; what would the total audience be if the game was free?
Had WoW launched free of charge they would probably have significantly more users playing the game, but the ad revenue from the sheer amount of people would be nothing compared to a monthly charge for eight million subscribers.
Although only a small number of those subscribers are US based, they're still raking in the cash compared to an ad-based model, even if they were to have triple the subscribers.
However, the Blizzard exec noted: "We didn't want to charge a subscription, but as we researched market conditions, we realized that wouldn't support us."
It's possible, perhaps, that Blizzard would have fallen under its own weight had they created a world where anyone could play for no charge. Imagine the server utilization, the volume of traffic and the support calls they would get for triple or quadrupal the player base with only ads paying the checks.
Granted, a free system would be excellent in theory, but in practice, making us pay is the only way to throttle our addictions. Sad, but true.
(Thanks, gamasutra)


text:
Dasha Gaiazova Off Canadian WC Team?
A very brief note appeared on FasterSkier the other day noting that Canadian Dasha Gaiazova has apparently been removed from the World Cup team. No one would comment because apparently an appeal is underway, so I don't imagine we'll hear much about it until that process has played itself out. My impression has been that […]Also tagged canada, team selection


text:
WHO: Denver (20-11) at Atlanta (19-10)
WHEN: 7pm
WHERE: SportSouth, Hawks Radio Network, NBA Audio League Pass
Injury Report: As always, Speedy Claxton is out. For Denver, Steven Hunter is out.
For Entertainment Purposes Only: Atlanta -5, 200 o/u
Blogging With the Enemy: Pickaxe and Roll
The great homestand of '08 concludes this evening.


text:
Promo website for a car wash service
The challenge
Since mobile steam car wash is something new for the local market, the goal of promo website was to tell about new service, describe benefits for different types of customers, answer some questions new customers might have, keeping the design clean, user-friendly and eco-inspired.
Also we wanted to provide quick and easy online service order – in just a few clicks, to make sure both UX and conversion will satisfy all expectations.
The solution
We defined 2 main types of customers, who will visit this website: individuals and corporate clients — for example those providing company vehicles to their employees, or transportation providers.
Then we defined users expectations:
– individuals are looking for easy, fast and clear service ordering, which should be available anytime, anywhere – for example, even while waiting in a traffic jam.
–meanwhile corporate clients usually prefer to take time, learn about benefits and special offers, contact manager for consultation.
Solution for clients
To be or not to be mobile is out of the question now. People expect your website to be fully functional and easy to use on any device. Whether you're enjoying staying at home, working or on the go – SpaCar is always at your service.
✔ tells company story
✔ quick order option
Pick the perfect time
SpaCar users don't have to waste time calling operators to arrange comfortable day and hour for a car wash. Interactive calendar provides real-time information about available hours, so the user can pick the perfect time in a few clicks – for example, while waiting in a traffic jam.
Mobile-friendly, User-friendly
To be or not to be mobile is out of question now. People expect your website to be fully functional and easy to use on any device. Whether you're enjoying staying at home, working or on the go — SpaCar is always at your service.
How it works
As they say, a picture is worth a thousand words.
Since we were going to launch a brand new service for our city, we explained how it works – in a simple visual way.
This site uses coookies to provide you with a great user experience. By browsing our website, you provide consent to our use of cookies.


text:
Table of Contents: Contact Information | Map & Directions | Accessories Store, Womens Clothing Store Nearby
View Address, Phone Number, and Services for Factory Connection, an Accessories Store, Womens Clothing Store at College Avenue, Jackson, AL.
View map of Factory Connection, and get driving directions from your location .
Bloomers Floral Design And Gifts 200 Commerce Street Jackson, AL Womens Clothing
H And M 114 East Cedar Street Jackson, AL Mens Clothing, Womens Accessories, Womens Clothing
Hibbett Sports 1123 College Avenue Unit B Jackson, AL Shoes, Sportswear
Hibbett Sports 1123b College Avenue Jackson, AL Shoes
Merle Norman Cosmetics 1205 College Avenue Jackson, AL Accessories, Womens Clothing
Shekinah Boutique 1912 College Avenue Jackson, AL Accessories, Womens Clothing
Simone's Boutique 2816 College Avenue Jackson, AL Womens Clothing
The Looking Glass 1205 College Avenue Jackson, AL Accessories, Womens Clothing
Moore's Klassic Productions 2504 Sunflower Road Sunflower, AL Sportswear
A Little Bird Boutique 16455 Highway 43 Suite 102 Grove Hill, AL Womens Clothing
Champs Sports 103 East Grove Hill Avenue Grove Hill, AL Shoes, Sportswear
Southern Class Boutique 13577 Saint Stephens Avenue Chatom, AL Sportswear, Womens Clothing


text:
Your decision to open your own online store using Shopify was indeed a right one. However, if you are sticking to the one-language policy for your e-commerce website, the result could be the exact opposite.
Why Translating Makes Sense
As empirical evidence has shown that more than 70% internet users only visit websites in their native languages, it is likely you would miss out on a large number of potential buyers if you do not adapt to this trend.
If you think multilingual websites are important for international businesses only, think again. As globalization has made big cities more cosmopolitan, a staggering number of expats and foreigners can be found in any country at any point of time. Germany, for example, has an incredible 15 million people comprising immigrants and their descendants who would prefer to browse in their native language instead of German.
Hence, even if you are operating locally, it will be advisable to have your Shopify theme translated into different languages to cater to a wider pool of users.
Why Some Are Averse to Translation
A major reason why some businesses give up on translation is because of its sheer complexity. One would require developers and professional translators, along with a project manager, to ensure the whole process runs smoothly. Any addition or change to a website requires to be published very quickly, and repeating this process each time will be both time-consuming and frustrating.
Also, the money spent on paying an entire team can burn a big hole in one's pocket.
How To Translate in Minutes!
It may seem like a hyperbole, but with Bablic, you can indeed translate your website in the smartest way, that too in real time.
Bablic's visual editor allows you to make changes manually in software-translated text, along with giving you the option to fix style and CSS issues. Also, the user-friendly interface lets you change the images and videos according to your target audience with just a click. Once you are done with making the manual alterations as per your need, just copy the one-line code onto your website and you will be done.
As for the pages and the text you add, Bablic automatically translates them and shows the changes in the translated website in real time!
Final Word
Bablic is a cost-effective and efficient website translation service that can help small and medium businesses boost their sales by reaching out to a broader chunk of users. With one of the most advanced website translation services at your disposal, you can translate your Shopify theme by simply adding a one-line code to your pages.


text:
Blood Bank Instruments Manufacturer, Suppliers and Exporter in India
Jainco Lab is a leading Blood Bank Instruments Manufacturer,and suppliers in India, Blood Bank Instruments Manufacturer,and suppliers in South Africa.Blood Bank Instruments Suppliers in Mozambique,Blood Bank Instruments in Supplier Kenya, Southren African region, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Tanzania and Uganda. Jainco is a leading Blood Bank Instruments Manufacturer, Blood Bank Instruments Suppliers, Blood Bank Instruments in India, Blood Bank Instruments Exporter, Blood Bank Instruments, Hospital Equipment Blood Bank, Blood Bank Equipment, Blood Bank, Indian Blood Bank Instruments Manufacturer, Blood Bank Monitor, Blood Bank Freezers. Jainco Lab are renowned for manufacturing high-end Blood Bank Equipment. Our wide range of Blood Bank Equipment includes Blood Donor Couch, Blood Collection Monitor, Blood Bag Tube Sealer, Blood Bank Refrigerated Centrifuge, Blood Storage Refrigerator, Plasma Extractor and Blood Donation Camp Cot. Our Blood Bank Equipment is designed with precision to offer accurate results. Blood Bank Equipment offered by us is widely appreciated for high durability and reliability. Our bank instrumentality has become the demand of assorted hospitals owing to its guarantee of quality.
Blood Bank Freezers
Product Code : JA-BBI-2312
These blood banks are designed to meet all modern requirements for conservingView Details
Blood Bag Sealer
Product Code : JA-BBI-2313
Sealing operation is activated automatically when the tube is based in between the electrodes.View Details
Blood Bank Monitor
Product Code : JA-BBI-2314
Automatically checks on blood flow and blood collection with audio/visual alarmView Details
Blood Bank Scale
Product Code : JA-BBI-2316
Capacity: 3 Kg. Micro-controller based.View Details
Donor Couch
Product Code : JA-BBI-2318
The Mobile Blood donor chair frame made of stainless steel construction of heavy gaugeView Details
Blood Tube Roller Mixer
Product Code : JA-BBI-2319
The product is used for mixing and blending of the blood, powder reagentsView Details
Low Temperature Cabinets
Product Code : JA-BBI-2320
These quick freezers are designed for quick freezing and storing of blood components.View Details
Cooling Compartment
Product Code : JA-BBI-2321
Our organization is counted among the leading manufacturers and suppliersView Details
Plasma Thawing Bath
Product Code : JA-BBI-2322
Micro Controller based Plasma Thawing Bath, which is a tabletop model, for quick thawingView Details
Product Code : JA-BBI-2323
Double walled construction with inner S.S. argon welded one piece pot which avoids leakages.View Details


text:
I am heartbroken :)
June 1, 2008
As you might have suspected given my prior post on the topic (The Teutonic Viagra), I have been lusting for the Audi R8. It had caught my eye before seeing Ironman, but its role in that movie cemented its position as my infatuation du moment.
Even though I have another year to go before the lease on my Aston Martin ends, I put my faithfulness to the test by checking the R8 out at the local dealership. As I walked in, its seductive lines immediately caught my attention. Its allure further was further increased by its colors – the same ones as the car in Ironman.
Like the hapless sailors called by the sirens, I approached knowing this path would only lead to adultery, powerless to resist. I apprehensively opened the door. My heart was racing. I sat myself into the seat when it happened. I did not fit! I tried every seating position known to man, but my head was firmly stuck on the roof, my eyes only seeing through the top inch of the windshield.
It never occurred to me I might not fit in an Audi! I can understand that Lamborghinis are made by and for short Italian men (the Gallardo had previously spurned my advances), but an Audi? Sports cars should be able to handle guys who are almost 6'3" even if they have a tall torso!
Belatedly, I realized I had fallen for this wretched flirtatious creature, the one that only brings tension to its peak and then leaves you hanging. Clearly because of the strength of my moral resolve, my marriage was saved. Proud of my achievement, I returned home.
As I was about to give up all hope on lust, there it was again … butterflies in my stomach! William had just sent me sent me an in depth preview of the Ferrari California. The longing was back! My faithful Aston got a reprieve: the California won't be coming out for at least a year and having been jilted by the prancing horse before, I am more guarded, protecting my heart against the potential of being hurt. And yet deep down, I can feel the hope and longing…
California don't let me down, I know we would be great together!


text:
Silver Wood Bracelet (10mm)
Rated 5.0 out of 5
Original price $4.99 - Original price $4.99
Original price $4.99
$4.99 - $4.99
Current price $4.99
Free Shipping on US Orders $99+
Free Shipping on US Orders $99+
I have been trying to find something like this for a long time, it's exactly what I was looking for. It has been durable so far.
Green braceletIt's beautiful


text:
No. 632, August 30, 2012
Donate today to support the Center's work.
Take action now.
Clock Ticking to Save Wyoming's Wolves
At any moment, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar is expected to strip Endangered Species Act protections from Wyoming's wolves, the last federally protected packs in the Rocky Mountains. The move will open up 80 percent of the state to wolf killing. Wyoming's kill-at-will policy for most of its wolf territory will promote the quick extermination of 170 wolves -- and then many more as each year's pups are wiped out to permanently keep the population down.
Wolf killing is already rampant in Montana and Idaho, where wolves lost protection in early 2011. The Center for Biological Diversity is rushing to develop an emergency legal action, in response to the proposed delisting, that will stop the killing in Wyoming. Salazar, though, is poised to push the plan through, even though the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service rejected a similar plan from Wyoming last fall.
Read an editorial about this critical battle for the region's last federally protected wolves in the Los Angeles Times.
Arctic Sea Ice Hits New Low
It's official: The extent of summer sea ice across the Arctic has hit a historic low. Monday's announcement from the National Snow and Ice Data Center capped a summer of record-breaking extreme weather events fueled by manmade climate change, including 40,000 high-temperature records that have been broken in the United States this year. At this pace, the Arctic could be ice-free in the summer for a day or more by 2020. Animals like polar bears, ice seals and walruses, which rely on the sea ice to survive and raise young, are almost certain to face a higher death toll from starvation and drowning.
And that's very bad news for people too. "The sea-ice death spiral, coming during one of the warmest summers in American history, is just one more clear sign of the deepening climate crisis that we ignore at our own peril," said Center for Biological Diversity Climate Science Director Shaye Wolf.
The good news: If we can drastically reduce emissions now, we can still lower our atmospheric carbon dioxide to 350 parts per million and avoid climate catastrophe.
Read more in Wired and help spur the feds to action by signing our People's Petition to Get to 350 and making your city the next Clean Air City.
Shell Oil Asks for Favors From Feds Again -- Take Action
It seems almost every week that Shell Oil comes up with a new way to ask for special treatment. This week the oil giant asked the Interior Department to bend the rules and give it a two-week extension on its Chukchi Sea drilling permit. But letting Shell drill later into the fall is a truly bad idea: A late-season blowout in the Arctic would be catastrophic, with oil gushing into the ocean for months and frozen seas making cleanup nearly impossible. That will dramatically raise the risk of oil spills reaching polar bears, walruses and ice seals -- and add an extra level of danger to Arctic oil drilling, a practice already fraught with potentially devastating consequences.
Read more about Arctic oil development and take action now to tell the Interior Department not to let Big Oil take big risks with our Arctic waters and wildlife.
Lawsuit Launched to Save California Wildlife From Fracking
Fracking has become a fact of life in at least nine counties in California -- and that spells possible trouble for endangered species. On Wednesday, the Center for Biological Diversity filed a notice of intent to sue the U.S. Bureau of Land Management for not properly assessing the effects of fracking on threatened and endangered species on the state's public lands. Fracking, or "hydraulic fracturing," is a method of oil and gas extraction that injects millions of gallons of highly pressurized water, sand and toxic chemicals deep into the earth. It has undeniable impacts on the environment, including habitat for imperiled animals like steelhead trout, California condors and San Joaquin kit foxes.
Yet the BLM continues to issue oil and gas drilling leases and permits -- all the while relying on outdated wildlife analyses that don't factor in the dangers of fracking.
Read about it in our new press release. And take action by telling California officials: California needs a fracking ban. Then learn more on our California Fracking Web page.
EPA Agrees to Address "Kraft" Pulp-mill Pollution
After a 17-year delay and a 2011 lawsuit by the Center for Biological Diversity and allies, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has finally agreed to review outdated rules meant to control air pollution from "kraft" pulp mills. These pulp mills use chemicals to dissolve woodchips into fibers for making paper -- in the process spewing vast amounts of poisonous, stinking gases into the air, including nitrogen oxides and sulfur compounds. "People living nearby have no choice but to breathe it," said the Center's Vera Pardee. "It's time to set standards that force the use of new pollution-control technologies."
Kraft pulp mills also emit greenhouse gases, fueling dangerous climate change.
Rules for regulating pulp mills' dangerous emissions are supposed to be updated every eight years . . . but the EPA hasn't done it for 25. The new settlement with the Center and partners will mean the agency either proposes rules to revise the old standards by next spring or declares that no updates are needed. If it does propose revisions, new rules will be finalized the following year.
Read more in our press release.
Center Op-ed: "Plastic Simply Does Not Belong in the Ocean"
The Clean Water Act has an impressive record of making water safer to drink and more livable for wildlife. Now it's time for the landmark law to be used to tackle another growing crisis: plastic pollution in our oceans. Plastic litter on our beaches and in ocean waters is deadly for nearly 300 marine species, including sea turtles, whales, seals, fish, corals and seabirds. Hundreds of thousands of animals die each year from eating or getting tangled up in plastic.
The Center for Biological Diversity recently filed the first-ever petition to the Environmental Protection Agency to begin curbing plastic pollution in the ocean. Said the Center's Oceans Director Miyoko Sakashita in a new piece in The Huffington Post: "The more I learn about this crisis, the more one thing becomes clear: We've got to stop polluting these areas with derelict fishing gear, beverage bottles, caps, shopping bags and every other scrap of plastic that, while convenient for us, is a daily death sentence for sea life. Plastic simply does not belong in the ocean."
Read Miyoko's Huffington Post op-ed, learn more about our ocean plastics campaign and take action to stop plastic from killing ocean animals.
Pennsylvania May Protect Three Bat Species -- Help It Happen
In the Northeast, numbers of little brown bats, northern long-eared bats and tricolored bats have all been reduced drastically -- in some states by more than 97 percent -- by the devastating epidemic called white-nose syndrome. The Center for Biological Diversity petitioned in 2010 to protect little brown bats and northern long-eared bats. Now Pennsylvania may be heeding that call
The state has proposed to safeguard the three species under its own Endangered Species Act, which would help raise awareness of the bats' plight, protect habitat where mothers and young roost, and limit human access to bat hibernation areas, where the animals are very sensitive to winter disturbance. Pennsylvania's proposal sets a good example for other states, and the feds, to give these bats the emergency help they need to survive deadly white-nose syndrome, which has already wiped out nearly 7 million bats.
Take action to support protecting these three bat species in Pennsylvania; then read more about white-nose syndrome and how we can help stop it.
Desert Tortoises Endangered by Military-base Expansion
The Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center at Twentynine Palms, Calif., is one of the nation's most popular areas for off-road vehicles. Now the Corps is proposing to expand the base into 189,700 acres of the community's federal land. ORVers are angry -- because an expansion would reduce their legal off-roading areas -- and while the Center for Biological Diversity often opposes off-roading for its habitat destruction, we're actually with the ORV lobby in opposing this base expansion.
That's because it would also endanger a wildlife-management area that's key habitat for ancient, gentle desert tortoises: A preposterous 3,040 to 17,766 tortoises could die. "That's appalling," said Center biologist Ileene Anderson. The Center will keep fighting for the tortoises, as we've fought for more than 15 years.
Read more in The Desert Sun and learn about our work for the desert tortoise.
Wild & Weird: Got Zombies? Call Uncle Sam
Don't worry. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-balzani, a "zombie" fungus discovered in ants in 2011, hasn't yet spread to humans. That's a good thing since it grotesquely infects its hosts, takes over their brains and bodies, guides them to a prime location for fungal growth and finally kills them. But what if the undead decide to come after us?
Fortunately, the Centers for Disease Control is on the case. A CDC spokesman has assured frightened citizens that the agency is unaware of any virus that would animate a human corpse, control its brain, and lead it on a rampage of cannibalism.
But just in case, there's the agency's "Zombie Preparedness" Web page, posters and graphic novella Zombie Pandemic -- which, purely coincidentally of course, may also help zombophobes prepare for more common disasters like hurricanes, earthquakes and terrorist attacks.
Check out the CDC's Zombie Preparedness page for yourself and see photos of the zombie fungus infecting ant brains at National Geographic.
Kierán Suckling
Executive Director
Photo credits: Pacific walrus by Captain Budd Christman, NOAA; gray wolf courtesy Flickr Commons/Brian Digital; Arctic sea ice by Goddard Photo and Video, NASA; Noble Discoverer drillship courtesy USFWS; San Joaquin kit fox by B. Moose Peterson, USFWS; pulp mill courtesy Flickr Commons/Max Gag; plastic marine debris courtesy EPA; little brown bat courtesy Flickr Commons/Chris Mathers; desert tortoise courtesy Flickr Commons/sandman; zombie courtesy Flickr Commons/e_monk.
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Everyone has worry buckets: those heavy things we carry around that keep us up at night. Some of these buckets are kept private and, in your opinion, not open to discussion with others. Why? Maybe for the fear of others not understanding, the fear of looking foolish, the fear of being rejected. . Most of us will not discuss our "worry buckets" until we believe that person we are confiding in is truly empathetic and sympathetic with our goals dreams and desires. Yes, just like the "Master Mind Group" in Napoleon Hill's book, The Master Key to Riches. So, where am I going with this?
We have one mouth and two ears, so we should be doing twice as much listening. Try asking your clients and prospects where it hurts, find out what keeps them up at night? How do you get to these questions and answers? You have to have an assessment system. Don't have one? Talk to us about AssessBEST and some of the other client building tools that we have. Ladies and gentlemen, this is not so hard if you have a system. If you are just "winging it" and looking hungry, than this is truly the most difficult profession in the world. Need help? Call us and find out why agents from coast to coast continue to refer to us as... a different experience.
Until next time... good selling.


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Worthless, hopeless, selfish, shame, guilt, despair, and pain. Following a nearly 5-year addiction to prescription pills, these 7 words defined my existence. Over a year ago, Dr. Nosson Goldfarb gave me 7 new words that changed my life, "I'm going to take a chance on you."
Today, under the exceptional guidance and care of Dr. Goldfarb, I am the best possible version of myself. Dr. Goldfarb's commitment and dedication to his patients is unwavering. Dr. Goldfarb is more than a leading practitioner in his field; he is a skilled educator, listener, and genuine person.
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I would like to thank Dr. Goldfarb and his staff for helping me restore my life. I have been a patient of Dr. Goldfarb's since 2012. I feel very comfortable with his office as well as his employees. Besides him being my physician, I would also consider him a friend.
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Today's Hours 8am - 9pm est
Mitsubishi's 4 zone air conditioner and heat pump systems provide combined heating and cooling for 4 areas of your home.
Customize your system: Use the Shop-By filters at left to choose between wall or ceiling air handlers with the right combination of BTUs needed for each room.
1 Item


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Lately I seem to be focusing on chocolate. Who knows why? It could just be simply because I like it!
We follow a modified Paleo diet. Snack bars that fit this food profile are few and far between. Most bars contain grains, peanuts or lots of sugar. All of these are not included in the Paleo lifestyle.
Trying to find even one that comes close to fitting takes a lot of research. I've read many, many labels hoping to find just one that comes close. So often one of the first two ingredients automatically eliminates it.
Not to long ago I found one that I think is too close to pass up. The bar is made by Larabar and its called
Uber Dark Chocloate Pecan with Sea Salt Flavor
It's positive attributes are:
- It has dark chocolate in it
- There are only nine ingredients
- It is Non-GMO
- It is Gluten Free
I highly recommend adding this bar to your shopping list. Try it! I know you will like the yummy combination of sweet and salty, chocolate and crunch.
Cindy Anderson of In A Stitch Quilting
I do not in any way receive compensation from Larabar. I simply share my experience because I like the product.


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Looking back at my time in high school, one student in a sea of over 2,000, I can say with confidence that it was nothing like college. The whole point of high school, I argue, is to teach young people how to follow rules and schedules which are handed to them. An itinerary they have no control over. When to eat, when to work out, when they can go outside and when they get to leave. This choiceless schedule is reminiscent of a prison system: meant to encourage a submissive state of mind, one that will follow authority blindly.
In contrast, college is where individuals have agency over their lives and where they're encouraged to control how they use their time. Creating our own schedule and choosing what we would like to study seem to be our signature of a learning adult. Additionally, in high school you're taught mostly facts and how to process the basics of learning. There you're taught what the facts are, and in college you're taught how to interpret those facts and form them into opinions.
When speaking of colleges at the Conservative Political Action Conference, Education Secretary Betsy DeVos stated that these institutions teach students "what to do, what to say and, more ominously, what to think."
This is entirely false.
As a Liberal student who grew up in a conservative household, I know the errors that can be made on either side, and I know how to tell fact from opinion. My time at college has only strengthened my ability to do the latter. College is a place where I and my peers are taught, every day, to question and analyze the theories and judgments that are posed to us. We are not taught to blindly accept the "education establishment."
College is a place where individuals are allowed to hold agency not only over our time but also our education through questioning and analysis. We're not taught "what" to think in college, Betsy. We're taught how to pick apart an opinion and back our own statements up with fact. We're taught that crucial difference: opinion is not equal to fact, and alternative facts are opinions in disguise.
Any smart, politically informed citizen will be able to say "these are the facts as I understand them, and this is how they inform my opinion" whether you be liberal, conservative or anything in between.
The most worrying effect that DeVos' speech could have on the American public is a loss in the faith which citizens must have in their higher education. Planting that seed of mistrust, which could grow quickly, could greatly affect the trust that we as citizens put in those who have spent their lives studying facts and teaching the young how to be thinkers.
It can be said that DeVos' comments can seriously be dangerous to the learning community as we know it. One of the first acts of a totalitarian government wishes the removal of all who have the ability to shed light on the lies of that government. The book-writers, the fact checkers, the scientists and the philosophers are all at risk when higher education is insulted; not only this but the freedom of all thinkers is at risk. I say in response to DeVos: when we disregard the importance of higher education, that is brainwashing.
As I write this, I am reminded of recent events here on campus, specifically signs about "Nazis" posted multiple times. I think it is important for us to remember that, no matter how much I agree that those with alt-right beliefs are wrong, violence is not conducive to an intellectual argument. And that is what we're taught to do here: intelligently argue our points using facts. So I implore my fellow students: go high when they go low, and fight with words that are wrapped in unbreakable facts.


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Teghan Jacobs didn't think anything could be worse than learning she's pregnant by a man she's been dating less than six months. Boy was she wrong. Her mother, whose drowning in the river of denial, refuses to take a side on the issue. Her overbearing, manipulative father threatens to disown her and cut her off from her trust fund if she doesn't have an abortion.
Donnie Marks couldn't be happier. The woman he loves, the woman he fought so hard to be with, is going to have his baby. Life has never been better. But when she shows up in his dorm, sobbing and heartbroken, he learns the horrible truth of what happened. He vows to get revenge on the man who's responsible: Teghan's father.
Buy Links:
My Review:
I haven't read a lot of New Adult fiction. I know it's a fairly new genre but I will say that Death of a Waterfall is a strong motivator for me to read the genre. It was definitely a compelling start to what I hope will be a great series.
Teghan Jacobs was likeable, she's a spoiled rich girl with in my opinion a monster of a father. She's definitely a people pleaser, and works hard to make those around her happy. Her pregnancy does seem to bring out some pretty strong emotions in everyone involved. I liked the all the characters, even the ones I didn't, but I think that's a great point that the author invoked those feelings.
It's full of twists and turns and fair amount of suspense, and I will definitely read more in the series. Overall I do recommend this story, it pulled me in and had me turning the pages late into the night. If all New Adult stories can bring forth this much emotion and even angst at times, then sign me up. I think Death of a Waterfall is a story worth reading and Kara Leigh Miller is an author to watch.
4 Books
I received this book in exchange for my honest review. I was not compensated for my review.


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(photo) As I do each year, I'll be thinking out loud here about some of the key interviews I'll be doing on stage at Web 2 next month. Opening the conference is Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google. Given our theme of "Points of Control," I can't think of a better way to start – of all the major players in our industry, Google stands alone in both its ambition as well as its power. It's also got a rather large target on its back – everyone, from Microsoft to Facebook, Apple to Hollywood, everyone competes with Google.
Google's ambition is breathtaking, as you can see from the image at left, taken from our interactive Points of Control map. From its base in search, Google has pushed into cloud computing, operating systems, television, mobile platforms (both OS and hardware), social media, content, and advertising. That's not to mention its rather serious dabbling in energy, transportation, gaming, commerce, and just about everything else.
So there's a lot to talk about with Dr. Schmidt when we take the stage Nov. 15th. Some key questions include:
– Where is Android going, and will Google see direct revenue streams from it? Will the company take a more central role in driving quality app experiences a la Apple?
– Apple. Thoughts on the company, the competition, and the history (Eric was on Apple's board).
– Why develop both Chrome OS and Android?
– What exactly is Google.me, and will Google ever make peace with Facebook and start to share data?
– Google TV will be just a few weeks in market. How is it going, and will Hollywood really play ball?
– M&A: Google has purchased two dozen or so startups in the past year. What's the philosophy and
thesis here?
– I wrote Stop It, Google won't buy Twitter. Was I wrong?
– China. Robin Li from Baidu is speaking the same day. How did Google come to the decision to retreat from the world's largest market?
– Core search: Are we worried about Bing yet?
– Privacy and data control. We're getting mixed signals from Google (and others) on how this issue will play out. What's Google's framework for data controls and how might it differ from, say, Facebook or Apple?
– Self driving cars?!
What else do you think I should ask Eric? And what's the most important, given the limited time we have? Please leave comments or tweet your response, but make sure to put @johnbattelle in the post!


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DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) – No winning lottery ticket was sold for the latest Mega Millions drawing, meaning the jackpot climbs to $868 million.
Mega Millions officials say no tickets matched all six numbers to claim the estimated $667 million grand prize in Tuesday night's drawing. The numbers were 3, 45, 49, 61, 69 and Mega Ball 9.
The next drawing will be Friday. The estimated jackpot for that drawing would be the second-largest lottery prize in U.S. history.
The record lottery jackpot was a $1.6 billion Powerball prize won in January 2016.
The jackpot has been growing since July, when a group of California office workers won $543 million.
It costs $2 to play the game, but the odds of winning the jackpot aren't good. The chance of matching all six numbers and taking home the grand prize is one in 302.5 million.
Mega Millions is played in 44 states as well as Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
(Copyright 2018 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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Caption this" winner: Tammy Powell-Thomas
"Clint Bowyer wanted me to ask you if he can have the clock
Congratulations to Tammy Powell-Thomas who contributed the winning caption for this photo of last week's Martinsville winner, Jimmie Johnson, and his crew chief, Chad Knaus. It's fitting that Tammy won because Johnson is her favorite driver. Read more about Tammy in our fan spotlight from last year's September Dover race.
Please send your full name and mailing address to email@example.com to receive your prize, a copy of the devotional book Race Fans' Devotions to Go.
Thanks to everyone who played "Caption this!" Check back next Tuesday for a new photo and your next chance to submit a caption.
Caption this" winner: Tammy Powell-Thomas Reviewed by Beth Reinke on Saturday, April 13, 2013 Rating:


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Sales & Marketing
Customers are the lifeblood of any company. To thrive you need to attract, acquire, and delight them.
Many will not give you a second chance in an industry as competitive as this.
Achieve profitable growth
Sales and Marketing challenges in the communications sector are rich and varied. In the consumer segment, customer bases in the millions are common, with the acquisition and churn of thousands of subscribers every month. For business, the volumes are much lower, but there's complexity in the wide range of needs in this segment – not just differing by company size, but also industry sector, and position in the value chain.
Success requires an excellent understanding of customer needs, the threat of competition and the risk of substitutes. Service providers can then segment the markets, develop targeted propositions, and run promotions that balance growth and yield.
How we help
Cartesian works with service providers to help craft and execute winning sales and marketing strategies. Clients choose us because of our market knowledge and expertise.
Our consultants support clients to assess new opportunities, build market share, and respond to competitive threats. We've helped leading brands to launch consumer, B2B and wholesale services in many different countries and it's a track record that we're proud of.
In addition to entry strategies, Cartesian works with its clients to continuously optimize their approach and stay ahead of the competition. We have an in-house consumer research capability and analytics platform to derive actionable insights from customer data.
In today's market, you need a partner with a deep understanding of the complete customer lifecycle from building awareness, through to purchase and in-life support. Cartesian has the capability, experience and technology to help you to identify opportunities and threats and act upon them.
Examples of our work
- Through an extensive program of interviews, we identified enterprise customer needs and valuable insights into buyer behavior
- Using statistical analysis, market knowledge, and online dashboards, we support a Tier 1 service provider to manage and improve the performance of its channel partners
- Defined a top-tier cloud services partner program for a global IT provider and supported them in execution.
- Developed the go-to-market strategy and commercial case for the launch of a hosted communication service for presentation to our client's board.


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October 4, 2016
Regents Daily News: October 4, 2016
Wesley Young Named Commended Student
Congratulations to Regents Academy senior Wesley Young. Wesley has been named a Commended Student in the 2015 National Merit Scholarship Program.
About 34,000 Commended Students throughout the nation are being recognized for their exceptional academic promise. Commended Students placed among the top five percent of more than 1.5 million students who entered the 2015 competition and took the PSAT during their junior year.
Pictured below is Wesley with his parents, Tim and Kelly Young, with Headmaster David Bryant.
Congratulations, Wesley, and may God bless you!