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The first update for Autodesk Civil 3D 2020 is now on the street. We are sure to see a rash of new Civil 3D 2020.1 Update feature demo videos is the coming days. Some are already available. There's a remarkable amount of bang crammed into this rather pint-sized Civil 3D 2020.1 Update.
Lots of folks wait around for the Update 1 as though the Autodesk Civil 3D development team is still making their major changes in that magic bingo machine of Autodesk major release numbers. Frankly, the new Civil 3D releases aren't more radical than the Civil 3D updates except for the licensing hassles and AutoCAD interface and tool changes. This means, in some respects, new Civil 3D numbered releases are Updates to bigger changes in previous Civil 3D Updates. This is a continuous development thang. Autodesk reserves to right to change without notice.
If you already have skin in the Civil 3D 2020 release game, you should be happy. You're ahead of the game. What? Did you already forget how nasty that old AutoCAD Insert command was/is? Sooner or later everyone else will catch up one way or another or not.
The Framework for Civil 3D Release 8 runs great with the Civil 3D 2020.1 Update. Imagine that?
We Labor to Make Civil 3D Work
Get the Framework for Civil 3D Release 8
I remembered to call my Mom this recent Labor Day weekend. This seemed appropriate.
The Views Expressed in This Program Are the….
The Civil 3D 2020.1 Fixit list made me happy. I too hope they fixed a few things unmentioned. Excuse me if I root around for a few days before I comment more on that.
The Production Efficiency Updates are improvements to important things for many users inside Civil 3D that needed improvement. Any improvement to the Reference Templates (TREF) tools floats my boat whether I like it or not especially when coupled with the 2020.1 fixes.
The Design Efficiency Updates are more specialty focused improvements. More people will like the sensical improvements to the Analyze Gravity Network tool. The direct and Dynamic Feature Lines from Rail Alignments tool might be interesting whether you are John Henry or Paulo Serra or not. Sorry. Maybe I'm a little punch drunk from all these engineered efficiencies.
The Collaboration and Data Exchange Updates were necessary for better interop and perhaps for more things to come next time. Me. I think I need a cheat sheet to figure out what all these tools do. What? It helps to read the help.
Interesting that there were no new Dynamo for Civil 3D nodes included in Update 1. Oh, bother.
Let's take a short commercial break before we get to the meat of the matter…
Site Design in Civil 3D 2020.1
John Sayre does compelling voice over. See his video blurb for the Autodesk Connector for Civil 3D 2020.1.
Autodesk Civil 3D 2020.1 Update
The Update release includes new and updated features, performance enhancements and fixes for Autodesk Civil 3D 2020.
The Civil 3D 2020.1 Update does include changes to the Civil 3D Object Model for Pressure Pipe Fitting and Apurtenance Styles and adds new Pressure Pipe Banding Styles to Profile Views.
The following list of new and updated features in the Civil 3D 2020.1 is a summary.
See the New Features in Autodesk Civil 3D 2020.1 page for details.
Design Efficiency Updates
- Create, edit, and export rail lines
- New options for viewing pressure networks in profile view
- Enhancements in the Analyze Gravity Network tool
Production Efficiency Updates
- Enhanced Reference Template features to manage styles and settings
- Better File Path updates in the Manage Data Shortcuts command
- A new system variable named PipeNetworkSyncMode to control the synchronization of data referenced pipe networks
Collaboration and Data Exchange Updates
These focus on Civil 3D to ESRI and ArcGIS integration.
- Autodesk Connector for ArcGIS
- Data Source Manager
- Publish to ArcGIS
- Export to FGDB
- Export Feature Lines to LandXML files
Other Updates
- The behavior of some of the Overlay Slope options in the corridor Rehab Subassemblies has been updated
- New Toolbox Reports for reporting Parcel information in a counter-clockwise direction
Fixed Issues in Autodesk Civil 3D 2020.1
The following is a complete listing of Civil 3D 2020.1 fixes from the
Fixed Issues in Autodesk Civil 3D 2020.1 page
See the Known Issues in Autodesk Civil 3D 2020.1 page for those details.
Autodesk Subassembly Composer
- Fixed an issue in which superelevation of subassemblies created from the Subassembly Composer was not incorporated into a corridor.
- Improved performance when opening rail subassembly PKT files that use cant.
- Fixed an issue in which rehab corridor terminology was translated inconsistently.
Data Shortcuts
- Fixed an issue in which you could not close the folder selection dialog box when renaming the existing working folder.
- Fixed an issue in which data shortcut references would not synchronize correctly.
- Fixed an issue in which a data shortcut could be created from an unsaved drawing, which would result in a data shortcut without a source object.
Esri ArcGIS Data Workflows
- Improved stability when selecting a feature line that was imported from ArcGIS as a corridor baseline.
- Fixed an issue in which a feature line imported from ArcGIS with the same geometry and name as an existing feature line was not renamed.
Export Civil 3D Drawing
- Fixed an issue in which multileaders did not explode properly when using the Export Civil 3D Drawing command and exporting to the AutoCAD 2010 drawing version or an earlier drawing version.
Feature Lines
- Fixed an issue in which the elevation of a feature line was set to zero when using the AUDIT command.
- Fixed an issue in which deleting a curve from a feature line would cause the resulting vertices to have incorrect elevations.
- Note: The AutoCAD 2020.1 Update contains a fix for an issue in which feature line glyphs would not appear after using the LAYISO command to isolate a layer in Civil 3D. For more information about the AutoCAD 2020.1 Update, see the AutoCAD 2020.1 Update Release Notes.
Interoperability with Autodesk InfraWorks
- Fixed an issue in which a curb and gutter component would be in the wrong orientation when brought into Civil 3D from InfraWorks.
- Fixed an issue that caused alignments to be added to sites when they were imported from a LandXML file.
- Fixed an issue in which the AutoCAD 2018 version of DXF was missing from the application menu.
- Improved stability when performing a Mapcheck analysis on a parcel with curved edges.
- Fixed an issue in which frozen layers were improperly displayed in shared views.
- Fixed an issue where in some environments, applying customization files caused Civil 3D to close unexpectedly on startup.
Pipe Networks
- Fixed an issue in which pipes and structures used the units specified in the pipe network feature settings instead of the units specified in the pipe and structure feature settings.
- Fixed an issue in which a pipe centerline that was referenced into a drawing using an xref was displayed using the color of the xref layer.
- Fixed an issue where pipe networks that used a style in which only the centerline was displayed in plan view were not visible when the visual style for the drawing was set to Conceptual.
- Fixed an issue in which spanning pipe labels could not be moved to new locations along pipes in a plan view.
- Fixed an issue in which inlet dimensions were not displayed in a gravity network analysis report.
- Fixed an issue in which the point data in a .csv file parsed incorrectly during the point import process when the data contained user defined properties.
- Fixed an issue in which the COGO points referenced into a drawing with an xref would update every time the drawing was opened.
- Fixed an issue that caused properties on the Query Builder tab of the Point Group Properties dialog box to change after attaching an external reference.
Pressure Networks
- Fixed an issue in which replacement parts were not applied properly when swapping pressure parts and an error would be displayed.
- Fixed an issue in which pressure network parts were removed unexpectedly from a profile view after using the Delete Part command. This issue would occur in cases where an alignment had been created from the pressure network in the opposite direction of the pressure network.
- Fixed an issue in which the location of a pressure network fitting in profile view was incorrect.
- Fixed an issue in which the last pressure network fitting was not included when creating an alignment from a pressure network.
- Fixed an issue in which a pressure pipe drawn off the end of an existing pipe in profile view using the Profile Layout Tools was added to the opposite end of the existing pipe.
- Fixed an issue in which a curved pipe in a pressure network appeared straight in plan view after using the Follow Surface command and then grip editing the pipe in profile view.
- Fixed an issue in which changing the reference alignment of a pressure network did not update the pressure network labels.
- Fixed an issue in which you could not set the pressure network catalog after applying a custom user profile.
- Fixed an issue in which plug and cap fittings were not displayed correctly in a profile view.
- Fixed an issue in which pressure pipe fittings on a frozen layer were improperly displayed after using the REGEN command.
- Fixed an issue in which pressure pipe fittings were improperly scaled in a profile view when opened in an object-enabled AutoCAD session.
Reference Templates
- Fixed an issue in which the saved path of a reference template could not be changed.
- Fixed an issue in which the Plotted Unit Display Type and Driving Direction in the Ambient Settings were not referenced into a host drawing from a reference template.
- Fixed an issue with reference templates in which the Blocks check box on the Other Resource tab could not be cleared when there were no blocks in the collection.
- Improved stability when using the preview pane in the Attach Referenced Template dialog box.
- Fixed an issue in which grading criteria sets were not displayed in the Attach Referenced Template dialog box.
- Fixed an issue in which an attached reference template would overwrite the units in a drawing.
- Fixed an issue for volume surface elevation analysis in which an incorrect volume surface was reported when the maximum elevation range was greater than the surface maximum elevation but less than 0.
- Fixed an issue where the volume of a volume surface shown in a surface elevation legend table did not match the volume shown in the surface properties.
- Fixed an issue where the volume of a volume surface shown in a surface elevation legend table was incorrect when the elevation analysis contained a range with a negative elevation value.
- Fixed an issue in which survey figure data imported incompletely.
- Fixed an issue where accessing survey figure properties in model space from within a locked layout viewport would cause the viewport scale to change.
- Fixed an issue in which you could not select a network path as the working folder for a survey database.
Traverse Editor
- Fixed an issue in which side shots were incorrectly included in a traverse after performing an adjustment.


text: The project included the complete exterior and interior renovation of an existing building. All of the exterior windows, doors and siding was replaced. The site was also landscaped and fenced to enhance the exterior appearance. In addition to the exterior works the entire interior was renovated and reworked to address exiting issues and create a pleasant working environment. All mechanical and electrical systems were replaced. Offices with custom built in desks were designed to be bright and spacious creating a positive environment, with colour and texture selection being important to achieve this. Places for people to gather and reflect were created as well as a full kitchen and gym facility. The wellbeing of the people using the space was pivotal to the overall design.

subset: commoncrawl


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Haight ashbury via Krautrock era Berlin
Realeased in March through Mexican Summer and reviewed by Gary 'far out' Cordwell
You what now? I hear you cry. Tonstartssbandht! It's not difficult or wilfull at all – it's pronounced Ton…erm, Tonst…oh, what the hell, you figure it out. The brotherly Florida based duo of Andy (guitar, vocals) and Tom (drums) White named their band quite fittingly – obscure, long, slippery and somewhat groovy.
So, at 34 minutes and 3 songs, is this an LP or an EP? Who knows and hey, who cares dude, relax and go with the flow, don't get, y'know, hung up on names and titles man. 'Breathe' starts off in a rather Doorsy fashion…gently strummed guitars and a jazzy drum shuffle. The vocals, when they arrive, are floaty and harmonious…full of space and echo in a Fleet Foxes way. The guitars begin to jangle, to ebb and flow, moving in interesting directions around the central theme. Jerry Garcia would be nodding in approval at the next diversion – very Frisco '67, by way of the repetition of Krautrock. The vocals float around you as the drums tumble insistently, there's also a hint of Jeff Buckley to this gentle groove. It all moves liquidly (if that's a thing)…going where you kind of know it will go but getting there in a nice, relaxing way, until it drifts off into a spot of ambient drone.
'Sorcerer' takes up the baton and heads into Flaming Lips territory, modern indie psyche, this would have sat nicely on 'Yoshimi…'. The riff here, when it arrives, is a tad more insistent. It's somehow darker – more sinister and mildly unsettling, the off kilter beat creating an air of vague discomfort. There are muffled, double-tracked harmony vocals and a groovy not-quite solo. Anyone of a certain age reading this will remember those 70's tough cop movies where a big name actor (quite often Charles Bronson) would try to be hip…his character having to question someone in a "hippy commune" – this is the kind of music that people would be sat around a fire playing in the background. Naff at the time but retro cool now. It doesn't really go anywhere. It meanders. Very nicely admittedly, but meander it does.
'Opening' is the, erm…closing track. It comes on a bit heavier, like a distorted, slightly beefier 'Eight Miles High'. And again we are into a mellower moment, despite being long, these songs don't stay in one place for long. There's even a bit of a trippy spoken word moment, man. The instruments start to spin and swirl around you, it's certainly the heaviest moment yet but is it rock? And then, after a spot of effects-laden noodling it happens, a brief, full on rock out! Drums clatter and distortion pedals are stomped on for a scuzz riff fest, a big stoner riff appears, it's the pay off you've been waiting for, the money shot! Then it chills out again, almost sitar like sounds are coaxed from the guitar. It drifts in and out of focus gently, Simon & Garfunkle tweeness jostles with MC5 scruffiness. There's one more gentle thrust of fuzz and jangle and then, with a snigger and a buzz of guitar being unplugged, it's over. Interesting. It's definitely worth a listen but may be a tad too chilled for your average mosher. But give it a go. In one sitting. While gazing into a lava lamp. Take this holistic trip and see what you think…where it, like, takes you baby.
6 out of 10
Track list:
- Breathe
- Sorcerer
- Opening


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One of the most practical functions of Instagram is to archive photos or videos published in the profile of a person or company. In this way, although the photos are deleted publicly, you can access them privately and retrieve them whenever you want.
But how to recover archived photos from Instagram? If you have archived a publication and want to show it again on your profile, we tell you the necessary steps to know how to unarchive on Instagram easily.
Table of Contents
How to unarchive on Instagram?
The photos archived on Instagram are a personal database that is stored in the cloud or servers of the app and which can be accessed through the same application.
Surely, on occasion, you wanted to delete a photo because you think it no longer fits in your feed, because it is very old or because you are ashamed. Whatever the reason, we often want to hide a post so that no one sees it, but not lose it permanently.
For this reason, Instagram created a function to achieve it in 2017. In this way, you can hide a post without deleting it and without losing its likes, comments or other statistics.
This Instagram function aims to give people more control to store and preserve important moments, as well as to give more flexibility to share them. This means that it allows you to move images that you have already published to a site that only you can access.
Where are the archived Instagram photos?
In the case of Instagram, the archived images are saved on the servers of this application and you can see them in the "File" section that you will find in the drop-down menu of your profile in the app. Your posts will go there if you select the option to archive instead of delete.
Optionally, the phone makes automatic copies of the photos or videos you publish if you have the function enabled to do so. These backups can be found in the image gallery, either of Android phones or iPhone.
View archived photos on Instagram
Surely one day, you will want to see the photos or videos that you have hidden or saved on Instagram to keep your memories alive or return them to your feed. To know where the file is on Instagram, you must follow these steps:
- Go to your Instagram profile and touch the three horizontal bars located in the upper right.
- Touch the clock icon that says "File."
- This will automatically direct you to a grid with all your archived posts with the date you saved them.
How to unarchive a photo on Instagram?
Now, recovering archived photos from Instagram is very easy once you know where your new location is. To republish archived photos, you must perform the following steps:
- Once you're inside the feed where your archived photos are, select the one you want to recover.
- Select the three dots in the upper right corner of the photo or video.
- A menu with the options "Show in profile" and "Delete" will be displayed.
- If you want to recover it, just select "Show in profile".
Keep in mind that this option does not imply creating a new publication. Your photo or video will only reappear on your profile without alerting your followers. In this same section, you can visit your old stories and republish them as memories.


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Finding a perfect Hokkien Noodle (Tai Lok Meen) in Penang is like trying to find a perfect Penang Assam Laksa in KL. Tai Lok Meen is what we call over here in Penang and Hokkien Mee is what they call in KL. It is a speciality from the Klang Valley, I believe.
Well, I can never find a stall in Penang that sells this fat noodles that tastes good. Long time ago, there was one very fat guy who used to chew on a toothpick, shoeless (ewwss), and wear a torn singlet who fried the perfect one. His stall was opposite the Lam Wah Ee Hospital in Jalan Tan Sri Teh Ewe Lim. But I guess inhaling all those lardy smokes must have caused him health problem and he has disappeared.
Whenver I go to Kuala Lumpur, I will sure hunt for this noodle. If I visit my brother in Petaling Jaya, then, there is a better chance of him buying me the nicest one. However, if I hang around the KL city, we would head to Jalan Imbi. This stall cause massive jam along Jalan Imbi at night.
Now, back to my urge for Tai Lok Meen. I decided to DIY. I must say that my version is great. Better than most stalls here in Penang. But first, I have to acquire two things. One is the fat noodles. Only selected supermarkets sell this fat noodles because over here in Penang, our noodles are more yellowish (from the ashwater, thinner and softer). The other thing is the sinfully unhealthy lard pieces. I wouldn't dare to indulge in this crispy goodness for fear of clogged arteries.
But I am lucky because one of my neighbour is a char koay teow seller and hence, have plenty to give.
Here's the photo of my version. Trust me, it is VERY hard to get a photo that looks appetising. The challenge is to make the fat noodles less gross and I actually picked out all the stuffs that shouldn't appear on my photos. I have to use a chopstick and pick pieces by pieces. Then, I have to wipe clean the messy, dark soya sauce. So what is left in this photo are cabbages, noodles, fish fillets and brown squid.
If you are new to MalaysiaBest, know that I will never show parts of the pigs. There is no recipes or pictures containing pork or lard. (though I have plenty of good recipes and photos and planning to do something about them later)
The recipe
600 grams fat noodles (costs only RM1!)
Quarter of a small cabbage, slice thinly
Half a bulb of garlic – chopped
200 grams fish fillets (you can use prawns. I did not use because my son is allergic to prawns)
half a brown squid (the soaked variety)
200 grams meat – slice thinly
Small bowl of water – season with
– black soya sauce – 2 tablespoon
– oyster sauce – 1 teaspoon
– fish sauce – few drops
– pepper
– light soya sauce – to taste, about 3 tablespoon
– pinches of sugar (or MSG 🙂 )
Fry garlic in some oil till fragrant. Add in all the meat, fish, cabbage and stir for a while. Add noodles and pour in water with the seasonings. Cover and simmer for a while till the noodles are tender. The fat noodles are rather stiff and hard.
**What makes the noodle tastes like what is sold is the lard pieces. (bak ewe phok, chee yau char). I added them with the garlic. Evil and sinful!
Serve this with a nice sambal belacan. Heavenly!


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Beaded Kimono : River Island // Belt : American Apparel //
Is everyone else dreaming of Coachella right about now? Seeing all the street style photos, the media coverage, and the youtube clips of all the bands in action, I've been vowing to myself that I will make it there next year. In the meantime, this Coachella-inspired outfit will have to do. Swap the jeans for cut-offs, and the heels for some ankle boots, and I could be happily rocking out next to Kate Bosworth and company!
This beautiful Kimono from River Island is a somewhat recent purchase, you may have spotted it when I reported at the launch of the Rihanna for River Island collection. (read blog post here) I am also really impressed with this funky ring set from ASOS, all different withs and sizes, pile 'em all on I say!
PS: Have you entered my latest giveaway yet? You can win a three month subscription to Look Magazine! Enter here.
Follow WildChild Stories on Blogger ~ Follow WildChild Storie's on Facebook ~ Follow WildChild Stories on Twitter


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Posts Tagged 'Mental toughness in sports'
Chuck Wilson on Sports EP. 1: Dante Scarnecchia
Patriots Coach with 5-Super Bowl Rings Provides Insight and Inspiration for Youth Coaches, Athletes, and Parents. Dante Scarnecchia is considered one of the finest position coaches in NFL history. In his 34-years as an assistant coach with the New England Patriots, Dante helped guide the Patriots to ten Super Bowls. In the summer of 2020,…Read More


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Authors: Dick, S., & McGowan, L. Summary: The authors, Sam Dick and Lisa McGowan, are third year occupational therapy students at Coventry University. In this article, they have described and reflected upon Continue Reading »
Author: Hanna Majapuro Type of Project: One-Year Masters in Occupational Therapy Thesis Place of Study: Jönköping University, School of Health and Welfare, Department of Rehabilitation, Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden. Abstract: Background: Continue Reading »
Authors: Neha S. Tripathi, Melissa M. Sweetman, & Susan A. Zapf. Neha S. Tripathi, OTD, OTR/L is a licensed occupational therapist in Washington, D. C. She earned her Bachelor of Occupational Continue Reading »
Authors: Jennifer E. Lape, Chatham University and Brian D. Scaife, West Virginia University Jennifer E. Lape, OTD, OTR/L is an Assistant Professor of Occupational Therapy at Chatham University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She is Continue Reading »
Author: B, Beki, Dellow, Dorset HealthCare University NHS Foundation Trust, Christchurch & Southbourne Community Mental Health Team, Dorset, UK. Second presenter: H, Hannah, Skeels, Occupational Therapy Student, Bournemouth University Presentation Continue Reading »
Embracing Diversity: Explaining the Cultural Dimensions of Our Occupational Therapeutic Selves (Dr. Iwama, 2007)
Abstract: Culturally safe occupational therapy entails recognizing the cultural contexts through which our therapeutic interactions are translated. Occupational therapy in its present dominant form – its knowledge, theory and practices, Continue Reading »
The guiding nature of the kawa (river) model in Ireland: creating both opportunities and challenges for occupational therapists (Carmordy et al, 2007)
Abstract: The kawa (kawa is Japanese for 'river') model of occupational therapy has recently emerged in response to the needs for culturally sensitive conceptual models of practice that adequately address Continue Reading »
Strengthening the Kawa Model: Japanese Perspectives on Person, Occupation, and Environment (Wada, 2011)
Abstract: Background. The Kawa model emerged to meet a need for occupational therapy models and theories relevant to Japanese clients and since its inception has evolved considerably. Purpose. To provide Continue Reading »
Author: Mason Munson, Martha Wegner Pacific University Description This document contains a culmination of items that reflect a yearlong student led community based practice project. As part of Pacific University Continue Reading »
Authors: Antonette Owen, B. Occ. (Pret) MSc OT, (Wits) Lecturer, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Fasloen Adams, B.OT, MSc OT (Wits) Lecturer, Department Continue Reading »
Author: Antonette Owen ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the perceptions of and the clinical application of models by a specific group of occupational therapists with Continue Reading »
(Guest Editorial) Michael Iwama PhD, OT(c), MSc, BScOT, BSc First published: 26 October 2007Full publication history DOI: 10.1002/oti.234 Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oti.234/full Culture is fundamentally important to this great profession. The eminent Continue Reading »
Exploring Indian occupational therapists' perspectives regarding use of conceptual models to guide occupational therapy practice in India. (Masters Dissertation)
Author: Kavitha Murthi BOT (MUHS, India), MSc OT (UK), FHEA (Higher Education Academy), OTR. (In partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Occupational Therapy from Queen Margaret University) Abstract: Continue Reading »
Aan de slag met het Kawa-model in een Psychiatrisch Verzorgingstehuis. Onderzoek naar de waarde binnen de ergotherapeutische inventarisatie en als basis voor cliëntgerichte zorg. (Bachelor Thesis)
Bachelor Thesis: Author: Maya Ostyn Studiegebied: Gezondheidszorg (Field of study: Healthcare) Opleiding: Bachelor in de Ergotherapie ( Academiejaar: 2012-2013 Module: Bachelorproef Promotor(s): Mevrouw De Loof ergotherapeut/woonbegeleider Abstract Cliëntgerichte zorg is een Continue Reading »
Review contributed by Antonette Owen Title: The Kawa Model, Culturally Relevant Occupational Therapy Author: Dr. Michael Iwama, PhD MSc BScOT BSc Associate Professor, Dept. of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Continue Reading »
Abstract: In this article the author discusses reflections from the article of Jon Fieldhouse using the Kawa Model in practice and education. He mentions that the education against practice debate Continue Reading »
The Kawa River Model: Applying Theory to Develop Interventions for Combat and Operational Stress Control (Gregg et. al., 2015)
Abstract This article proposes the implementation of the occupational therapy Kawa (Japanese for river) model to promote "culturally relevant" client-centered care for combat and operational stress control services provided in Continue Reading »
This pilot study sought to gather information related to the experience of occupational therapists, using the Kawa Model of practice in a mental health setting. Two therapists utilized the model Continue Reading »
Abstract The Kawa (Japanese for river) model, developed by Japanese and Canadian rehabilitation professionals, presents an important and novel alternative to contemporary 'Western' models of rehabilitation. Rather than focussing primarily Continue Reading »
Seeing white: a critical exploration of occupational therapy with Indigenous Australian people (Alison Nelson, 2007)
Abstract This paper aims to critique current occupational therapy practice and theory using Indigenous Australian people as a case example. Critical race theory will be used to help question the Continue Reading »


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Mold blown glass flask with Masonic symbols (1822-38) from Zanesville, OH at Toledo Glass Pavilion. Toledo, OH.
Photo by Jim Steinhart © 2023, all rights reserved. (Ref: OHTM661)
Click an index below to see this photo among related images:
Ohio Glass
Glass Pavilion of Toledo Museum of Art
Captions List for Toledo, OH


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Pipe Couplings
|Materials Used
Pipe couplings are highly demanded in the pipe fitting market. Pipe couplings are fittings that help to extend or terminate pipe runs. These fittings are also used to change pipe size. Couplings extend a run by joining two lengths of pipe. They are known as reduced coupling if they are used to connect pipes of different sizes.
Couplings are also known as repair couplings. These couplings are without stops or ridges and they can be fixed anywhere along the pipe length for preventing leak of any kind.
Salient Features:
Some important features of couplings are as follows:
- Couplings come in all standard pipe sizes and are available for almost all types of pipe.
- Available in several finishes.
- Mostly cylindrical in design.
- Couplings compensate for axial, lateral and angular shaft misalignment.
- Couplings operate in quiet and smooth way.
- There is a great degree of torsional stiffness.
- There is the right angular transmission of angular motion and torque.
- Usually long life.
- Easy mounting and dismounting.
- Low lateral stiffness etc.
Parts of Pipe Coupling as shown below:Materials Used:
Pipe couplings are made of various materials and the buyers should always consider the material used for making them. Some of the materials used for making couplings are:
- Brass
- Aluminum
- Cast Iron
- Stainless Steel
- Copper
- Bronze etc.
Couplings are available in various shapes and forms. The various designs available on couplings can be as follows:
- Grid type
- Gear type
- Disc type
- Rubber/Elastomer element type
- Fluid Couplings
Areas of application for couplings:
Besides being used as an important pipe fitting, couplings are also used in the following:
- Machine tools
- Assembly machinery
- Industrial robots
- Automated plants
- Printing machinery
- Servo drives
- Robotic axes
- Manipulators
- CNC milling / grinding
- Linear actuators
- Packaging machinery
- Woodworking machinery
- Textile machinery
- Printing machinery
- Metal cutting machinery etc.
Buyer's guide
Types of Couplings:
Couplings are an integral part of pipe fittings and are of various types like:
|Flexible Coupling
|Rigid Coupling


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After a century of advancements in healthcare and living conditions, it's understandable that the emergence of the coronavirus pandemic has taken many of us by surprise. But it's important to remember that it was only in 2008 that total worldwide deaths from infectious diseases fell below the number of lives lost to heart attacks, strokes and other non-communicable diseases. In Australia, we are still only a generation from the polio epidemic of the 1950s, which saw the widespread closure of schools, swimming pools and other meeting places.
Epidemics of infectious diseases have continued to devastate affected groups in Australia. But these have generally been smaller (and often marginalised) populations, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, injecting drug users and gay men. Except for brief periods, such as the early days of the HIV epidemic in the 1980s, mainstream Australia has largely been able to ignore these outbreaks. The viruses we have come to worry most about have been the ones on our computers.
Just like the Australian population, our health system has little experience in dealing with a crisis of this scale. The National Communicable Disease Plan, drawing on experience gathered by the Exercise Cumpston system test in 2006, has assisted in guiding the government's response. But the realities of responding effectively to the virus have demonstrated the vulnerability of a fragmented, poorly coordinated and inequitable health system. The way it has met (or not met) expectations, so far at least, offers important lessons for our response to similar events in the future.
Health isn't a solo event
Health policies and programs focus on changing individuals' behaviour and treating disease and disability. But treating health much more as a team sport will be crucial to successfully combating the coronavirus pandemic. Developing strategies to halt the spread of this virus means thinking not only about how to protect our own health but also about how to work together to minimise its impact on the community.
A commitment to health equity is crucial. Like a soccer team with a poor defence, our abilities are only as good as our weakest players. A stockpile of hand sanitiser in the garage won't protect you or your family if this means others will expose themselves to infection and become vectors of transmission.
It's not just about being altruistic (although this is important). When it comes to health even the most selfish among us has an interest in helping others.
This perspective on health isn't new, of course. It's more than a decade since the World Health Organization's Commission on Social Determinants of Health described the vital role in good health played by employment, class, social status, housing and other social factors. A commitment to acting on these issues was recently renewed by the WHO.
Yet, despite a multi-party Senate committee unanimously recommending that the federal government adopt the WHO report, Australia has not acted on any of its recommendations. In fact, some measures of inequity, such as wealth distribution, have worsened: the wealthiest one-fifth of Australians now own nearly two-thirds of all wealth, while the least-wealthy half own less than a fifth. Although there's said to be "no better place to raise kids," an estimated 1.1 million Australian children live in poverty.
Despite these inequities, the advice coming from health authorities seems oblivious to the circumstances of many Australians. People are asked to self-quarantine at home; patients arriving at hospitals are told to "return to their cars" and phone for instructions; it's suggested that we stock up on two weeks' food. No advice is provided for people who don't have stable and safe housing, regular employment, a car, a mobile phone, internet access, the capacity to deal with a short-term lack of income, or the ability to purchase and store bulk foods. As lawyer Thalia Anthony points out in relation to prisoners, who are among the most marginalised populations in our community, this failure risks undermining the effectiveness of Australia's response to the virus.
Fragmentation creates confusion
It goes without saying that viruses don't respect borders. Cooperation and collaboration between the federal government and the states and territories is essential, but challenging when healthcare responsibilities are split.
For its part, the Commonwealth is responsible for primary healthcare, Medicare, regulation of therapeutic goods (including testing kits and protective equipment), aged care, the medical stockpile, and non-health policies including border control. The states and territories, meanwhile, have primary responsibility for the public hospital system, disease surveillance and quarantine (within their jurisdictions), ambulance services, and most community and social care.
Divided responsibilities inevitably cause gaps, fragmentation and confusion. Getting eight jurisdictions and the Commonwealth to agree on a joint approach can slow the response to a fast-moving and rapidly changing environment. As a 2004 Parliamentary Library research paper observed, "Overlapping Commonwealth/state responsibilities and divisions between clinical health practitioners and public health policymakers were identified as two broad problem areas in Australia's national arrangements for responding to an infectious disease outbreak."
During Australia's response to the epidemic thus far, different governments have provided conflicting advice. People experiencing symptoms have been told to visit their GP, to call (but not visit) their GP, to ring Healthdirect, to self-monitor, or to go to a public hospital for testing. Communication between governments, GPs and hospitals has been inadequate, with GPs receiving inconsistent information about testing protocols and facilities.
"To take one example," says the president of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Harry Nespolon, "there has been confusion about the type of face masks that GPs need to wear… We are also getting different advice from the states and territories on the tests for coronavirus and who should be taking them — should they be done by a GP in a clinic or should they be done in a hospital in a negative-pressure room?"
This fragmentation is not just a practical problem. It also adds to the confusion and anxiety in the community and reduces trust in governments' ability to coordinate an effective response to the pandemic.
Coordinated primary care must be a priority
Even if every other part of the health system worked perfectly (which of course they don't), a primary healthcare sector — GPs and other frontline practitioners — that is under-resourced, poorly coordinated and not always accessible will seriously undermine the effectiveness of our response.
Over the past month it has become clear that Australia's primary care system is poorly prepared to respond to a major public health threat. This is not the fault of the profession or a reflection on individual doctors and their staff, who are generally highly dedicated professionals doing their best under extremely difficult circumstances. But their efforts have been challenged by a flawed system inadequately resourced by successive governments.
Despite this neglect, governments have counted on GPs to deal with patients concerned about their symptoms or potential exposure, and to provide advice on testing and deal with other enquiries, all on top of their normal workload. Governments' first advice to people concerned about the virus or experiencing symptoms was to "call your GP," but their unrealistic expectations of what GPs can and can't do have exposed the vast gap between the government's idea of general practice and the reality.
Most GPs are either small businesses or employed by profit-driven companies. They have neither the resources nor the incentive to carry additional capacity — such as quarantine rooms and stockpiles of equipment — to deal with crises. Expecting a local general practice to meet the increased demands for healthcare during a pandemic is like expecting the corner shop to supply everyone's food and household goods.
"I don't know of any GP practices that would be capable of testing or seeing a suspected case," Sydney GP Richard Nguyen told the Guardian earlier this month. "In our practice we have four consulting rooms plus a procedure room. We'd have to dedicate one room as an isolation room. And then you'd have to clean and disinfect the room — logistically it's just impossible for several reasons, including that we don't have the physical space."
In the short term, our primary healthcare system can probably muddle its way through this crisis, largely because of the professionalism and dedication of GPs (and their practice staff). But it won't be ideal. GPs will take risks, as healthcare workers often do with infectious diseases, and some will undoubtedly get sick. This is not fair to these doctors or to their patients.
Solving this problem means tackling the fragmentation and variability built into the present system and better integrating primary care with other parts of the health system. For years experts and health groups have advocated exactly this kind of reform. The 2009 National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission, for example, called for "strengthened primary health care services" and "the development of Comprehensive Primary Health Care Centres and regional Primary Health Care Organisations… to support service coordination and population health planning."
Successful examples already exist, including innovative private practices and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations, and could serve as models for reform. Learning from them and building on the existing (but limited) Primary Healthcare Network infrastructure would strengthen the capacity of the primary healthcare sector to manage future public health threats.
Effective communication is vital
The Communicable Disease Network Australia's National Framework for Communicable Disease Control was supported by health ministers from all jurisdictions after it was released in 2014. One of its key conclusions was that identifying "a credible and trusted leader" and providing timely, effective and consistent communications were vital during a health emergency.
During this crisis the government has failed to meet this goal in a number of ways. Information has been inconsistent, patchy and sometimes contradictory; key details about the virus and its threat to the community are perceived to have been withheld from the general public; and positions have shifted significantly on some key issues (travel bans, border control, the financial impact of the epidemic) within days and sometimes hours of official announcements.
Political leaders and health authorities have fumbled when answering simple questions and struggled to explain in precise language the reasons for seemingly conflicting advice. When the Council of Australian Governments announced that non-essential gatherings of more than 500 people should be cancelled, the prime minister stated that this did not apply to workplaces, childcare centres, schools, university lectures, public transport, airports "or things of that nature." The most important messages about behavioural changes required to limit the impact of the epidemic (washing hands, minimising social contact) risked being lost in the confusion.
Efforts by the government to communicate with health professionals have been similarly inadequate. Doctors working at the frontline of the epidemic have described the government's dealing with them as a "shambles." The Australian Medical Association has called for authorities to start "singing from the same song sheet" and the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation urged the federal government to send "clear and consistent messages to the community in order to contain the rapid spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) and ease growing anxiety, confusion and concern about this public health emergency."
Compounding this problem has been the seemingly contradictory behaviour of political leaders. At the same time that the prime minister announced the ban on non-essential gatherings of over 500 people he also said he would be going to a rugby league match. People in hazmat suits cleaned the Parliament House office of home affairs minister Peter Dutton after he tested positive, yet chief medical officer Brendan Murphy said that the prime minister and other cabinet members who had been in contact with Dutton needn't be tested or self-isolate. Despite the recommendation to adopt social distancing, the PM continued to be seen in close contact with other political leaders, journalists and advisers.
This degree of inconsistency is a serious problem for a government trying to persuade people to change their behaviour in ways that can seriously limit their freedoms. Advice that seems contradictory or frankly impractical (staying 1.5 metres from other people on public transport, for example) or that is not being followed by political leaders themselves undermines the credibility of the message and the authority of the government, and risks people ignoring it altogether.
Of course, communicating in this complex and rapidly evolving situation is challenging. Both under- and overreacting carries significant potential costs. Maintaining a balance between encouraging sensible concern among the community and preventing public hysteria is crucial.
It is understandable that the government focused on avoiding panic. As health promotion expert Daniel Reeders has pointed out, panic encourages a range of ineffective behaviour: it encourages panic buying; it can prevent people from processing what they read or hear, making it much harder to convey accurate information; it puts people in a "me-and-mine first" frame of mind at a time when collective action is required; and it can cause people to dismiss "emotionally dissonant" messages — such as health experts giving calm, measured advice — in favour of hyper-emotive rumours and conspiracy theories.
But it is also important to acknowledge the limitations of the authorities' knowledge about health threats. As the WHO's guide to Communicating Risk in Public Health Emergencies puts it, public communications "should include explicit information about uncertainties associated with risks, events and interventions, and indicate what is known and not known at a given time."
"My biggest concern is people are not talking to their populations like adults," says the WHO's Bruce Aylward. "They're cherry-picking the best possible survival rates [and] outcomes, the lowest possible incidences. You're just going to compromise confidence of your population."
These problems are not just a failure of communications but a failure of leadership, which is an essential component of effective risk communication. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency's Seven Cardinal Rules of Risk Communication, trust and credibility are a spokesperson's "most precious assets" when communicating risk information. "Long-term judgments of trust and credibility are based largely on actions and performance. Trust and credibility are difficult to obtain. Once lost they are almost impossible to regain."
This is bad news for a government in Canberra already struggling with criticism over its handling of the recent bushfire season. The trust and credibility that it will lose as a result of its poor response in the early days of the coronavirus pandemic may prove impossible to regain.
Health literacy matters
Part of the communication challenge facing governments is the low level of health literacy in the Australian population. Good health literacy helps people make decisions that maximise their own health and that of others. Poor health literacy makes communicating complex messages and trying to effect behaviour change in a stressful environment even more difficult.
Data on health literacy in Australia isn't great (which is a problem in itself) but the indications are that it is pretty poor. The most recent national data available from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which dates from 2006, shows that only 41 per cent of adult Australians were sufficiently literate about health matters to meet the complex demands of everyday life. This rate was even lower for older Australians, with only 28 per cent of people aged sixty to seventy-four considered to have adequate levels of health literacy.
Among the health stakeholders who have recognised this problem is the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. It says that low health literacy can significantly drain human and financial resources and may be associated with extra healthcare costs of 3 to 5 per cent. The problem has been evident in the seemingly irrational response of many in the community to the pandemic, such as avoiding Chinese restaurants.
One of the greatest challenges has been to explain the urgency of slowing the transmission of the virus (or "flattening the curve"), a desired outcome of government policy but a difficult concept to explain.
Also important is health system literacy. When a system is experiencing dramatic increases in demand, it helps if people know where to go for information, advice and care. Talkback radio calls have made it clear that many Australians lack even a basic understanding of our health system. Callers described calling the national Australian Medical Association office for information about where to access telehealth consultations in their local communities, contacting their state health department for information on Medicare-funded services, and being frustrated when their local pharmacies didn't provide testing services.
The public health system will always bear the burden
Despite the government's (and the media's) obsession with private health insurance, this crisis has made clear that it is the public health system we rely on when serious health risks emerge.
The coronavirus pandemic is the greatest health crisis our country has faced for a generation, and private health insurance is basically missing in action. Our annual investment of around $11 billion into this sector does not appear to have strengthened our overall capacity to respond to the pandemic in any respect. At all stages it has been the public health system that has stepped up to manage our response to the virus.
Our public universal insurer, Medicare, is funding bulk-billed and telehealth consultations for people at risk or showing symptoms of coronavirus. Public health microbiology laboratories developed the capability and capacity to detect and confirm cases following publication of the genome sequence for the virus at a publicly funded research institute. In Victoria, testing centres have been established at nineteen hospitals and health services, not one of which is private; nationwide, public hospitals are performing Covid-19 tests as well as treating people who are seriously ill with the virus, all at no out-of-pocket costs to patients.
Far from the "Better Cover, Better Access, Better Care" promised by the private health funds, people with private insurance are being left high and dry by their funds. Anyone who purchased private insurance under the illusion that a policy named "Security" or "Ultimate Health Cover" would be useful in the context of a major health threat would now be experiencing a major reality check.
As one reader of the health policy blog Croakey wrote, "I have maintained private hospital cover for many years because of a suspicion that the Lib-Nats would do away with Medicare if they could. Today I rang the largest, most modern private hospital in Perth and asked what they could do for me if I came down with Covid-19. The answer? Nothing, sorry, you'll have to go to a public hospital, you can go as a private patient, we don't have the facilities."
International experience in responding to the coronavirus pandemic indicates that the countries with strong universal public health systems are having more success than those with a privatised and less equitable approach to healthcare. The message from this pandemic is that private health insurance is (at best) an optional add-on that doesn't merit the resources it currently receives. If Australians ever needed convincing of the benefits of a strong and well-functioning public health system, this pandemic should be more than sufficient to persuade them. •
Many thanks to Dr Ruth Armstrong for her help with this article.
Jennifer Doggett is Chair of the Australian Healthcare Reform Alliance and an editor of Croakey.


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Marie Brown always wanted to be part of a big family.
The only child of an only child, Mrs Brown and her husband Bernard now have 49 direct descendants – and one more on the way.
Mr and Mrs Brown were joined by many of these relatives and close friends to celebrate their 70th wedding anniversary on October 8.
They were married at the Methodist Church in Kurri Kurri – the bride aged 19 and the groom, 20.
They met five years earlier, and were engaged after three years.
"It was a much simpler, happy world, fun times with inexpensive pleasures," Mrs Brown recalled.
"You walked everywhere or pushed a bike Saturday afternoons learning to dance at Pelaw Main Hall then home for tea and off to the pictures at Kings Theatre, Kurri Kurri, all dressed up in our best finery.
"We would have walked at least four miles that day and thought nothing of it.
"Life wasn't always easy though, we both have our own opinions and still have our say on all sorts of topics."
Mr Brown is now his wife's carer.
They have lived in their Wallsend Street home for 62 years, four doors up from the house where Mr Brown was born.
"A house is just a house but this is a real family home," Mr Brown said.
"Lots of love, kisses and cuddles and that's really what our life has been all about."
Mr and Mrs Brown now revel in the family closeness of their four sons Roy, James, Ian and Gavin.
They have 15 grandchildren, 27 great-grandchildren (and another due at Christmas) and three great-great-grandchildren.
James and his wife Susan hosted the 70th anniversary party at their home.
"It was such a wonderful day," Mrs Brown said.
"Everything turned out the way I wanted it to."
Mr and Mrs Brown received letters from the Queen, the Governor-General, Prime Minister, federal and state members of parliament and the mayor of Cessnock to congratulate them on their special milestone.
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"Fabulous! He was great – spent lots of time talking to guests / having photos / signing memorabilia! Speech was interesting and engaging and he kept to time."
Absolute pleasure to meet him." – Katie Swain of DBMT
"Goodyear and Dunlop were a big part of Johnny's career , providing the grip for his Le Mans 24h and British Grand Prix. Now, it is Johnny's turn to grip our audiences and support our promotional activity. He does this with his characteristic charm and candour, giving a true insight into what makes a winner tick."
James Bailey, Public Relations and Communications Director, Goodyear Dunlop Motorsport
"Johnny's contribution to our F1 coverage is always first class and he is a valued member of our Sky Sports F1 team. His expert analysis of qualifying and races ensures that our viewers get the very most from our extensive coverage of F1"
Billy McGinty, Sky Sports F1 Producer
" Just wanted to say that Johnny Herbert was brilliant today. He stayed to past 5pm, was so friendly and suffered questions I am sure he must have heard many times! Although we did struggle to get him out of the F1 simulators!! Thank you so much for sorting everything out for me."
Sally, Move with Us
"I just want to thank you for a great show at Swindon. I have been an F1 fan since the 70's and am amazed at how technical the fans can get and how good your memory is. I can't remember what I did this morning! You said that humour was you way to cope with your horrendous injuries and still is. I had blood clots all over my lungs a few years ago humour helped me through it as well made it that way and I got through because of it."
Chris Napier, The Wyvern Theatre, Swindon
"Just thought I would let you know how much we enjoyed the show at Stevenage on Tuesday evening and thank you for signing my Audi picture taken at Silverstone. Jackie has refused to wash her face since you gave her a quick peck on the cheek! We are Looking forward to your next Tour already!"
Keith and Jackie Green, The Gordon Craig Theatre, Stevenage
"We are really excited to work with Johnny and some of our most passionate fans to build what should be one of the most high-tech cars in the world, and in turn use it to push our Nismo drivers to their limits."
Gareth Dunsmore, Marketing Communications General Manager, Nissan in Europe
" My wife and I were at your presentation at Rothes Halls, Glenrothes, Fife. What a fantastic evening we had and enjoyed the relaxed and informative format topped off with an interesting Q&A session. We've followed your career and genuinely believe that you had the potential to be a World Champion. Thanks for the evening - very much appreciated."
Iain and Jayne, Rothes Halls, Glenrothes
" Thanks Johnny for doing an interview with me, and for a fantastic evening at Christchurch. It was interesting to hear all the back scene drama of the teams and the problems teams are facing this year with tyres! Formula 1 is my life and I love it, I am 15 years old and hope to work in motor sport media one day. I wanted to know how you coped after your accident and what gave you the determination to get into Formula 1 so quickly, your answer of 'knowing you just had to get back out there and get on with it' your drive and determination has really inspired me and helps me to push myself every day when coping with Myotonic Dystrophy."
Luke Clifford, The Regent Centre, Christchurch.


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For some writers, editing is the most loathsome part of the process. For others, it's their favourite. Yet undoubtedly it's the most important, and given the rise in popularity of self-publishing, it's more crucial than ever to know how to edit your work. In this guide, we take a comprehensive look at some of the very best tips on writing and editing.
Some stories are grown. It takes weeks, months, of careful tending and nurturing, uncovering the meanings hidden within, fixing things so characters leap off the page, refining to make the plot and prose gripping and immersive. Just like a seed, a story requires patience and dedication. Look after it well and you'll end up with a blossoming flower.
7 Tips On Writing And Editing
"To write is human, to edit is divine."
Stephen King
Here are some of the tips I've found most helpful when it comes to writing and editing.
1. Put it away
Some write their first draft and think whatever pours out of them in the first instance is Man Booker-worthy. If you can nail a first draft like that then I doff my cap to thee, but for the vast majority of us, editing is necessary. As Hemingway eloquently put it: "first drafts are shit."
Before you get down to revising, though, there's something you need to do: put your story away for a while.
"How long you let your book rest … is entirely up to you, but I think it should be a minimum of six weeks. During this time your manuscript will be safely shut away in a desk drawer, aging and (one hopes) mellowing. Your thoughts will turn to it frequently, and you'll likely be tempted a dozen times or more to take it out … Resist temptation … When it comes to the correct evening … take your manuscript out of the drawer. If it looks like an alien relic bought at a junk-shop or yard sale where you can hardly remember stopping, you're ready."
Stephen King, On Writing.
The point of King's advice is to allow your mind to forget about your story altogether, so when it comes to that first revision, you're coming at it with fresh eyes. You'll notice spelling mistakes and inconsistencies, holes in the plot or jarring bits of dialogue or prose; new ideas that have been stewing in your mind will come to the fore; you'll see areas lacking description, or notice over-description and info-dumping. With fresh eyes you can see and tackle all of these problems.
2. Attend to major matters first
The master editor Sol Stein recommended in his book, On Writing, that when editing, rather than working through it line by line, focus on the major problems first, such as characterisation, plotting, dialogue, theme.
When revising line by line you encounter a mix of problems, from tiny to significant. When you encounter a major one, your attention is consumed by that and you end up re-drafting whole paragraphs and sections. When you've revised those bits, they're in first draft form. So essentially you're not working on a third or fourth draft, you're working on bits of a first draft and bits of later drafts. This is how inconsistencies crop up, which cause further headaches.
3. Adjectives and Adverbs
We strive to write beautiful, florid prose rich with imagery. But if a piece is riddled with adjectives and adverbs it can create problems for the reader, as literary agent Noah Lukeman points out:
- A text filled with adjectives and adverbs slows the pace significantly.
- When the writer fills in every last detail it can be demeaning for the reader, assuming they have no imagination of their own.
- When a series of adjectives and adverbs are used they detract from one another.
- Adjectives and adverbs weaken the noun or the verb when quite often the latter is strong enough to stand on their own.
- Writers that overuse adjectives and adverbs tend to use ones they've heard before, sacrificing originality.
- Using too many adjectives and adverbs prevent the reader from making the story their own. A lack of detail encourages the reader to fill in the gaps.
But it's a problem easily fixed! Here are Lukeman's suggestions:
- Undertake an exercise of cutting your adjectives. Lukeman suggests three places to look to cut adjectives: (1) Places where more than one adjective or adverb is used. Remove all but your strongest, the most unusual. (2) Cut the clichéd adjective, e.g. "a hot day." (3) If you've used any unusual and interesting nouns or verbs, lose the adjective. Have faith in the noun and/or verb!
- Consider replacing an adjective with a comparison, e.g. a metaphor or simile. An example from Lukeman: "He ran a clean, well-organised office." "He ran his office like a ship." The occasional use of a comparison enriches your prose, making it more relatable for the reader.
- Think of stronger nouns and verbs to eradicate adjectives. For example: "He was a tall man." "He towered over everyone else."
This isn't to say adjectives and adverbs should be banished to the depths of hell. They have their place. Think of them as a fine seasoning. Add too much and it spoils the broth.
4. Showing v telling
Don't just say a character hates someone, show it in their actions. Do their jaw muscles tighten? Do they clench their fists? A piece in which we are merely told about how a character feels isn't engaging.
In showing us something, you can cut out sentences of info-dumpy description. Lukeman gives a good example. Rather than telling us a character is a thief, why not show him stealing a twenty-pound note. Allowing the reader to read into these actions is infinitely more interesting and engaging.
To overcome this problem, consider the following:
- Look for areas of excessive description, such as when characters are introduced for the first time. What can we glean from a character's actions?
- Replace information with actions or events. An example provided by Lukeman is to change a sentence which says that a character's spouse is abusive, to one in which the spouse is attacking the character.
- When thinking of actions to include, seek to achieve some ambiguity. Did a character take a twenty-pound note because they're a crook, or because they're hungry and desperate?
Telling does have its place, however, particularly in the likes of short stories. Telling can help progress a plot. Aim for a healthy balance between the two.
5. Passive voice
When writing first drafts it's easy to slip into the passive voice. Here are some comprehensive resources to help you:
- How to fix and avoid passive voice misuse
- And you can also use my free passive voice checker and converter tool
6. The opening paragraph
With the opening paragraph, you either win your reader or lose them. A story needs a good hook, something which grabs the reader, which makes them ask questions. In Raymond Carver's short story, Why Don't You Dance? the piece opens with this:
"In the kitchen, he poured another drink and looked at the bedroom suite in his front yard."
Why is there a bedroom suite in his front yard? What kind of drink is he pouring? Alcoholic? Why? From the off we're asking questions, and we want to know more.
Another way to create intrigue is with dialogue. When writing dialogue forget about the reader altogether. Live in the minds of the characters. They're having their own conversation, the contents of which they know. It's more interesting for the reader to act as a fly on the wall, to encourage them to think about what's being said, and again to make them ask questions!
Spend time on your opening paragraph, heck your opening page. It's by far the most important of all. It's your one shot to win your reader over, to tie them down to your book.
7. 'Kill your darlings'
"Kill your darlings, kill your darlings, even when it breaks your egocentric little scribbler's heart, kill your darlings."
Stephen King
You've almost certainly heard this before. What does it mean?
You've written something you absolutely love—a beautiful sentence or passage of prose, a vivid description of a person or place—but it doesn't work. Your reader doesn't get it. It doesn't fit with the rest of the story. So kill it, banish it from your story. Be as ruthless as Napoleon.
Don't incinerate those pretty gems, though. Save them in a word doc or scrapbook; they'll find their place eventually. This is perhaps my favorite of all the tips on writing and editing covered here because it embodies the ruthlessness you need when it comes to edits. Your story will thank you for it.
Books on editing
Here are a few helpful books on editing. If you know of any others, please share!
- Stein On Writing, Sol Stein
- The First Five Pages, Noah Lukeman
- On Writing, Stephen King
- The Elements of Style, William Strunk Jr.
- The Art of Fiction, John Gardner
Learn More About Editing And Writing
Below, we have some more guides with editing tips that you may find useful:
- What is a boring book and how to avoid writing one?
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Boen Pinot Noir 2016
91 Points- Wine Spectator
"Ruby-red with sparkling garnet highlights. Aromas of wild blackberry, Santa Rosa plum, and strawberry with hints of oregano, sage and white pepper. Inviting flavors of ripe raspberry, boysenberry, black-fruit jam and warming spices; moderate acidity and bold tannins.
Pair alongside chicken roasted with spices, pork chops, bacon sample platter, roasted vegetables, veggie lasagna."


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Check out our short e-learning courses to find out more about the Seattle Municipal Archives and how to search and access our collections. Courses are free and generally take about 10-15 minutes.
Anne Frantilla, City Archivist
600 Fourth Avenue, Third Floor, Seattle, WA, 98104
Mailing Address:
PO Box 94728, Seattle, WA, 98124-4728
Phone: (206) 684-8353
Email: email@example.com
The Office of the City Clerk maintains the City's official records, provides support for the City Council, and manages the City's historical records through the Seattle Municipal Archives. The Clerk's Office provides information services to the public and to City staff.


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An ultrasound-guided, tendon-sparing, lateral approach to injection of the navicular bursa
Nottrott, C. De Guio, A. Khairoun and M. Schramme
To develop a novel technique for injecting the navicular bursa that avoided penetration of the deep digital flexor tendon, four cadaver limbs were used for development, before a study was conducted using a further 62 cadaver limbs sectioned at the fetlock joint. These were positioned on a 60° incline radiographic block (Hickmann block) before injection of the navicular bursa with 1.5 ml of the contrast agent, meglumine ioxitalamate, under ultrasonographic guidance.
Then 0.2 ml of methylene blue was injected into the bursa and a further 0.3 ml injected as the needle was withdrawn to show its pathway through the tissues. Successful injection of the navicular bursa was achieved in 58 out of 62 limbs. Of these, 49 showed contrast agent in the bursa alone. In the remaining nine, contrast agent was also observed in the distal interphalangeal joint. Contrast agent was not detected in the digital flexor tendon sheath, either radiographically or by methylene blue staining in tissue sections. In approximately one-quarter of limbs, extravasation of contrast agent into adjacent soft tissues was observed, although this was faint in the majority of cases.
In an in vivo study, 26 Standardbred horses without lameness were assigned to one of two clinicians who performed ultrasound-guided navicular bursa injection on both forelimbs under sedation and local anaesthesia, with the limb held or positioned in a block in a flexed position. Contrast radiographs confirmed injection of the navicular bursa in 88% of limbs, with agent being present in the bursa alone in 77%. Where agent was also present in other locations, this tended to be faint compared with marked opacity visible in the navicular bursa. Between one and two injection attempts were needed in most cases. There was no significant difference in outcome or number of needle redirections between cadaver and live limbs. Successful injection was found to be significantly dependent on the quality of the ultrasound image.
Bottom line:
This lateral approach to injection of the navicular bursa under ultrasonographic guidance is successful in the majority of limbs with minimal attempts and avoids the need for radiographic exposure.


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This is not exactly the picture you want public when you are invoking your Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination. The picture shows General Services Administration official Jeff Neely enjoying a spa tub and wine as part of the $822,000 Las Vegas conference that is now the subject of a congressional investigation, as previously discussed. Neely, the GSA's Public Buildings Service regional commissioner, invoked his Fifth Amendment rights in a hearing. His seat remained vacant at the hearing after his invocation.
The refusal to testify raises in interesting question of whether an official (who must routinely appear before Congress or its members) should be fired for invoking a constitutional right. Neely still remains employed (though under suspension) by the federal government but has refused to answer questions from the federal government. He however is facing both a congressional and possible criminal investigation. There is no question that as a potential criminal defendant he would be unwise to testify without immunity. Yet, should that be grounds for his termination? We generally do not allow federal employees to be punished for the use or invocation of their constitutional rights. What do you think?
Source: Politico


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Multi-state Western poll. Arizonans most friendly to environment?
Arizona, New Mexico, Montana, Utah, Wyoming , Colorado poll. Arizonans stand out-
Generally speaking Arizona is not thought of as a state especially friendly to environmental policies. Of course a state's reputation on such things is the result of the real attitudes of the people as channeled by politicians and interpreted by the media.
In early January two polling forms interviewed a random sample of 400 each in six Western States: Arizona, New Mexico, Montana, Utah, Wyoming , Colorado. This is 2400 people in total. They asked if providing jobs is compatable with protecting the environment — a view many "conservative" office holders have been trying to discredit, and the "great recession" has given them some encouragement that folks will say "well we have to abandon clean air, water, wildlife if we want to put bread on the table."
Of the six states it was Arizona where the most people (78%) agreed that is is "possible to protect land and water and have a strong economy with good jobs without having to choose one over the other." Well bad news for the pollution lobby in Arizona, though the current legislature there is very pollution (I mean job-) minded. In all six states, however, there was generally much stronger support for protecting the environment when this trade-off question was directly asked.
There has been a strong move by Western Republicans to abolish environmental protection laws within 100 miles of the border of Mexico and Canada. They say these laws hurt protecting the integrety of the border. In Montana, Republican Representative Dennis Rehberg, who is challenging incumbent Senator Jon Tester, very recently had strong words on this, and he is supporting a bill that would give U.S. Customs and Border Protection the authority to circumvent 36 federal environmental and wilderness laws in order to give the agency operational control over all federally owned lands within 100 miles of U.S. borders. Senator Tester strongly opposes this.
Overall the survey showed residents of the six states agreed with Tester. In Arizona, 73 percent of the respondents opposed suspending the environmental regulations in the effort to reign in illegal immigration; in New Mexico, 65 percent surveyed were against that proposal; in Colorado the percentage was 68 percent, in Utah 72 percent, in Wyoming 69 percent, and in Montana 66 percent. In other words, Montanans gave the smallest "thumbs down" to protecting the border environment, but still 66% rejected the general approach of challenger Rehberg and 2/3 supported Tester's general position.
One thing that has always been more or less true, and folks might finally be starting to realize it, is that it isn't public opinion that counts in many American elections, but who has the biggest, richest donors behind them. Political organizations are often created mostly by money. Being organized almost always beats the unorganized even when the organized are promoting an unpopular position.
The National Parks Traveler has a much more detailed look at this survey minus my political analysis. The actual interviews were conducted by two firms, one that leans toward polling for Democrats and one that leans Republican.
Survey of Western Attitudes Shows Strong Support for National Parks, Clean Environment. By Kurt Repanshek on January 31, 2012.
Ralph Maughan
Dr. Ralph Maughan is professor emeritus of political science at Idaho State University. He was a Western Watersheds Project Board Member off and on for many years, and was also its President for several years. For a long time he produced Ralph Maughan's Wolf Report. He was a founder of the Greater Yellowstone Coalition. He and Jackie Johnson Maughan wrote three editions of "Hiking Idaho." He also wrote "Beyond the Tetons" and "Backpacking Wyoming's Teton and Washakie Wilderness." He created and is the administrator of The Wildlife News.
19 Responses to Multi-state Western poll. Arizonans most friendly to environment?
It is interesting to note that negative comments and vitriol sometimes appearing in The Wildlife News seems to be a microcosm of the entire negative Republican Ads Campaign (not that Democrats might not soon be adding some) and corresponding behavior to win the elections at any cost.
Negative ads work. Why?
It seems to be in the human DNA structure. For example, here in the Riggins area we have jet boat races each spring. Crowds of people gather in far greater numbers at the most dangerous rapids, mostly because they have the best chance of seeing carnage there. For similar reasons, photographers gather like vultures in the same area, trying to get disaster shots of rafters running the same rapids in the high-water whitewater season.
Unfortunately, we can't change our DNA (as yet) so our human inclination for gossipy negative story making material will probably prevail. However, until we can get an administrative change of the negative influence of money in politics, I don't see how we can ever improve upon policies that represent the people and fit the environment, over myopic big business interests and the politicians controlled by such.
WM says:
I didn't know you were in Riggins. Any chance you know (or in fact are) Scott S./Holly E?
As a matter of fact, yes, they are both good friends of mine. Just in case you are wondering, my real name is on my website.
timz says:
Dory,I didn't know that was you. I took my daughter who was in college at the time, steelhead fishing, your husband was our guide. Since they were both scientist they had a ball conversing. (while we weren't catching fish). Maybe you remember, as your husband was pulling the boat out at Spring Bar he left the vehicle running and somehow the doors locked. We had to send a passerby to fetch you from town to bring keys. It was a great day and my daughter still talks about it and show off the pictures of her catch.
Wow, actually (Dory is male in this case) and I'm the husband whom has been trying to forget about locking myself out of my rig with it still running. I still share that story with a few folks now and then. Pretty funny, though I felt a bit stupid at the time.
Oh well, if everything went smoothly all the stories would be boring. Hope your daughter is doing well. Tell her hi, please. Fishing should be heating up here soon.
You must be a part of the Clearwater Collaboration, TU, or BHA??
WM says:
Actually just friends of friends, plus the the TU connection. We were told to look them up next time we were near Riggins.
Indeed the internet has reduced "six degrees of separation" down to maybe three.
Alan Gregory says:
Friendliness to the wild land? Not from what I saw around Tucscon, where sprawl development goes right up to the border line of Saguaro National Park.
Potential solutions.
If our country really is a "by the people for the people" nation, then we should be able to figure out a way to get the powerful influence of money out of politics. The unfathomable numbers used by corporations to impose controls (millions, billions) is yet more evidence for the corporate oligarchy we have become.
If I could play "god" for a day, I would take money out of the equation, give each candidate for president equal air time to lay out their case on the various issues before the public. Each would wear a dog's shock collar, with controls give to a panel of historians and truth checkers, to administer a shock for every lie or when they engage in name calling. Including a panel of scientists, to keep everything evidence based, and ban religion from the political arena altogether. Maybe add a prerequisite for agnostic supreme court judges with at least fundamental education in science along with their law schooling.
And I would eliminate lobbying altogether, and offer air time for public debates, in its place to evaluate issues, policies, and directions. Use Facebook to tally votes by the people for the people….just some high flying ideas.
Chris Harbin says:
I really like that shock collar idea! Although my guess is a threshold would have to be established so politicians don't kill themselves with their reliance on fiction.
Maska says:
Interestingly, the overall numbers for AZ and NM track pretty closely with support for Mexican wolf reintroduction in a poll conducted in the two states in 2008. (Poll results available as PDF's at the page "More on Mexican Wolves" at http://www.mexicanwolves.org)
Dude, the bagman says:
"Political organizations are often created mostly by money. Being organized almost always beats the unorganized even when the organized are promoting an unpopular position."
I've had the same thought bouncing around my head a lot lately. How can conservationists (or the conservation-minded general public) compete with the kind of tenacious drive for money that's the sole motivator for the the corporate form's existence? Citizen advocacy groups are one possibility, but they depend on willing donations from citizens, while those same citizens have little choice to also fund the corporate machine to some degree. We can be somewhat conscientious about where we choose to spend out money, but even us environmentalists still consume energy and need products produced by less than environmentally friendly businesses. If you're reading this on a computer, you are complicit to some degree.
Can the average concerned citizen fight effectively in his/her spare time against paid, full time employees and lobbyists working against them? Or is the best we can hope for winning some battles where egregious environmental damage catches the public attention (like rivers catching on fire).
To me, the practical differences in organizational form and drive certainly cuts against the "corporations are just people" argument I hear espoused by the business-minded. That and limited liability.
Louise Kane says:
Its been a long time since we had a president that expressed concern about protecting ad conserving the environment, our wildlife and wild lands. I think there are a good many people in each party who might agree to support a candidate who identifies conservation as key to his/her agenda. We need to push harder for candidates like this. Our polls are telling us that people care about these issues.
WM says:
Louise, not to burst your bubble, but let's not fool ourselves. Unfortunately, given the huge near-term issues facing this country, conservation and environmental concerns (which tend to manifest themselves in laws and regulations that increased the cost of doing business and decreases personal freedoms) are not even a fly speck on the radar screen of any candidate, and it is doubtful they will be for a very long awhile, other than giving a little lip service to maybe get a few more votes, while not alienating other pro-industry/corporate interests that can throw money to defeat pro-environment candidates.
Now you know why Obama is so quiet and careful when he speaks of environmental issues, and chooses middle of the road appointees to cabinet positions.
Dude, the bagman says:
"conservation and environmental concerns (which tend to manifest themselves in laws and regulations that increased the cost of doing business and decreases personal freedoms)"
That depends on who you're talking about. For example, laws regulating pollution discharge increase the cost to the factories discharging pollutants, which is passed onto customers. The party in the best position to bear the burden has to deal with it.
But the alternative has costs too. The externalities you're ignoring include the increased healthcare and other costs that releasing pollutants into the environment. Sure, we could take the Ron Paul approach and expect tort and nuisance law to compensate people after the fact, but I'd rather avoid being damaged in the first place rather than being compensated for my cancer (or whatever) later (if I could prove my case in court).
Ask a commercial salmon fisherman in the NW (if you can find one) if they feel their freedom and business costs would be increased or decreased by tougher water quality standards. Freedom and low costs for agriculture and logging have infringed on the salmon fisherman's rights to the extent that there aren't a lot around anymore. Equal and opposite reactions tend to get noticed in an increasingly crowded world.
And whose freedom are we talking about? The freedom to pollute, or the freedom to be free from someone else's pollution?
Right on Dude,
More rules and regulations, not less, are needed as more people are added to the planet and complicate the mix. Sure, everyone hates them as they restrict freedoms somewhere. But if we do not impose such measures upon ourselves, we wouldn't have clean air and water, or any other wise use of our natural resources. There is no free lunch. Part of the price we pay for not bridling human numbers is less freedom.
The avarice factor of humans would pretty much consume everything possible to exhaustion as the only limit. Free markets, free reign, spell Exhaustion. The current Republican direction is for more of the same. All the chocolate will soon be gone. Then what?
If corporations would put that money they spend in politics towards their debts to the natural capital that enabled them to get where they are, and is never adequately figured into the true cost of doing business to begin with, it would be good for the environment and might promote a future with a better distribution of sustainable "realistic" freedoms all the way around.
Note: just having restrictions to prevent toxic water and sky is just a minimum. This does not account for paying other costs that reflect the actual use of natural capital . As they say, capitalism is the worst system, except for all the rest. However, we can make it better by applying all factors, not just those that are convenient, to arrive at a true accounting. If we don't., the harsh hand of nature awaits us. Her discipline weeds out the garden.
Speaking about freedoms. Yesterday Josh Fox was arrested while trying to film a public hearing on "Fracking." Repuplicans refused him form filming, as well has excluding any non-industry scientists from the hearing.(stacked the deck). So much for transparency and thumbs up for obstructionism. The boogey man should always be hidden in the closet because they can only live in the dark.
See: http://austinist.com/2012/02/01/republicans_order_journalist_arrest.php
WM says:
I am not ignoring the externalities, and I would tend to agree with what you say. However, the harsh reality is that when US business squeals, Wall St. listens and so does the corporate lobbying corps in DC, or at the state level, with their legions of value challenged mercenaries bending ears of elected politicians. The politicians, of course, listen if they want to remain in office.
The simple solution you suggest to pass on costs to consumers of products for cleaner water, air, etc., does not always work especially if those producers are competing in a world economy where environmental rules are even further down the priority list than here (China, Mexico, South America).
And the NW fisherman you cite as an examople has alot more to worry about than the logging industry which has pretty much been reigned in. The issues are more complex, as SEAK has noted here before. More and evermore efficient international fishing fleets extracting all the ocean has to offer, sucking it beyond recovery levels. One need only look to the destruction of the Atlantic cod stocks, or the mackeral declines off South America to understand this. And then there is global warming.
And then, there are the very complex water quality issues associated with municipal and industrial waste water discharges that do not have cost effective treatment methods to remove things like birth control, cholesterol and other drug products we humans use then excrete into these waste streams. The direct and indirect costs of dealing with these impacts seem to get delayed, and until they become epic proportion with imminent doom lurking on a near term horizon solutions won't be sought. We see adverse effects on aquatic life, but do nothing. Unfortunate way to run a country, but that is the way it is being done with they way our political system works.
somsai says:
I first came across this polling at another web site. It polls the Montana senate race, New Mexico too. Both fairly important political races. When I went to the poll itself http://www2.coloradocollege.edu/stateoftherockies/conservationinthewestsurvey_e.html I saw what a wealth of information it contained. Especially on environmental issues.
Roughly half the people in Montana and Wyoming self identify as hunters. Of the hook and bullet crowd a large portion is conservative, Republican, and Tea Party, but half are Dems and Indies. Also the supposed strongest sub group self identifying as conservationists.
The state by state numbers have surveys on issues important to those states alone. Still reading.
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The 2nd Annual Dream On Contest Posted by
Darksaviour69 @ 11:49
Metafox posted in our forums:The 2nd Annual Dream On Contest has begun today, just as last year's winner's Inhabitants and Maqiupai are gearing up for release. I was going to wait until the games were released, but I'd like to give a longer timeline for the contest this year, so I decided to start the contest earlier than anticipated.The contest will begin today, November 10, 2004, and end in exactly a year on November 10, 2005. Due to popular demand, the contest is broken up in categories this year:Main Competition:This is the same as last year. All entries will be complete games, with original graphics, sounds, and music. The rules are stricter in this category - the games can have demo versions, but the full version must not be available for download. At least the 1st place winner will have a published game once again - depending on entries recieved 2nd (3rd and maybe even 4th place) may have their entries commercially published as well. The more entries, the better your chance of getting your game published! The non-published winners will be featured on an upcoming issue of Dream On magazine's demo disc.Competition Division 2:Unpolished games competition. This is to make up for the entries last year that were entered but didn't stand a chance to win due to the main prize being commercially published versions of the winners. The entrants of this division still need to have original graphics, music, and sound, but the games don't have to be complete, and they don't have to be polished. (though the more complete and polished, the better the chance of winning). All entries in this contest division will be included on a future issue of Dream On magazine's demo disc. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners will be featured games.Cash and other prizes have not been negotiated as of yet, but they will be much larger than last year's prize.Let's make this year's contest even more of a success than last year's, so that this contest may continue for years to come!