text:
What birds hatch quicker, grow faster, start laying eggs sooner, don't take up a lot of space, eat less, are quiet, and taste great too? That's right, quail!
An introduction to Quail
Whether you are a rural or urban homesteader and want to start raising your own food supply, or just looking for an interesting new hobby, raising quail can be the perfect step towards your goal. The best thing about raising quail is you don't need a large farm with a fancy barn to do it, you can raise them in a small backyard space, or even in a cage inside the house. Within a few weeks you can start gathering fresh eggs, and you won't bother your neighbors either.
Quail might be tiny, but they are mighty birds that have been valued for their meat, prolific egg producing capabilities, and beauty for thousands of years. Quail were probably first domesticated by Ancient Egyptians who needed a quick and easy source of protein to feed laborers building the pyramids. The Ancient Chinese raised quail for their beautiful singing voices, and when they exported the birds to Japan in the 11th century, the Japanese got serious about breeding and raising quail for meat and eggs.
Quail are a type of poultry that come under the order of Galliformes which also includes chickens and turkeys. The many different breeds of quail are divided into two main categories: new world and old world. Old world quail are those in the Phasianidae family and include all the varieties of Coturnix. New world quail are in the Odontophoridae family and include popular breeds like the Bobwhite and Wood quail.
If you are interested in raising quail mainly for egg production, those in the Coturnix genus are your best bet. The most popular breeds in this genus are the Common quail, also known as the European or Pharaoh quail (Coturnix coturnix), and the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica).
If you have hunting dogs and want to train them using live birds, Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) are a better choice, mainly because they can fly. But don't count out the Bobwhite species for meat and eggs. They do take a bit longer to mature (2.5 months longer) than the Coturnix breeds, but they do lay eggs and they have a strong nesting instinct unlike the Coturnix who just lay their eggs and leave. If you want to breed quail and don't have an incubator, you may prefer the Bobwhites.
No matter which variety of quail you choose, the characteristics of all species are similar, and they are not difficult to raise. However, there are important factors to consider, and things to learn before getting started.
Your first priority is to find out if you need a permit to raise quail. Every state in the U.S. has its own requirements for licensing. Most states only require a game bird propagation license if you are planning to sell the birds or their eggs. You most likely will not need a permit if you are raising the birds for personal use. Some states require a permit or breeder's license for nonnative birds or native birds only, and some states require a permit for any quail species. [Missouri residents are required to have a permit before ordering Quail and often will have to quote this permit number whilst ordering.]
You can easily get all this information by visiting your state's Department of Natural Resources website. Look under the Fish and Wildlife Division to see whether you need a permit, what the restrictions and allowances are, if they do inspections, how much the permit costs, and when it expires. Some state permits automatically expire on December 31st every year no matter when you apply. In most states the permit costs between $50.00 and $60.00.
Raising quail is rewarding and fun, but it does take commitment. Before taking your final step and bringing home your live birds or eggs for hatching, you need to have everything ready for them. Here is a comprehensive guide to help get you ready for raising quail at home.
What variety of Quail should you get? [Coturnix 'vs' Bobwhite]
By now you probably know whether you want to raise quail for their eggs and meat, or if you want game birds for hunting and training your dogs. Now, it's time to decide what breed of quail to get and how many. Here's a look at the Coturnix and Bobwhite species:
Raising Coturnix Quail
Coturnix varieties are perfect if you are just getting started with raising quail and you are mainly interested in egg and meat production. They are calm, friendly, and adaptable birds that do well in small spaces. Although there are some slight differences between all the Coturnix varieties, they all have similar characteristics.
In general, Coturnix quail are small and weigh around 3.4 to 4.6 ounces, with the females weighing a bit more than males. Because of their small size and calm temperament, they don't need a lot of living space. If you allow 1 square foot of space per mature bird, you will have a great living environment for them.
The most commonly sold breeds of the Coturnix genus are:
- The Pharaoh D1 is the largest species in the group. It's average size is between 3.5 and 5.5 ounces. It reaches maturity at 6 weeks old, begins laying eggs by its 7th week and can lay up to 300 eggs per year. The females have brown and tan speckled feathers, the males have brown and cinnamon colored feathers. The Pharaoh quail are gentle birds, make great mothers, and have a sweet song.
- Golden Manchurian quail reach maturity at 6 to 8 weeks and begin laying eggs around the 7th week and can lay up to 100 eggs per year. They are fat and robust birds weighing between 3 and 6 ounces. They have light gold feathers and the males are more solid in color compared to the gold speckled feathers of hens.
- Texas A and M quail have been bred to grow bigger and can reach between 10 and 14 ounces in 8 weeks. Their meat and skin are a lighter color compared to other varieties and are easier to clean and prepare due to their size.
- Jumbo brown quail grow the fastest and largest with an average weight of 12 ounces. They reach full size at 8 to 10 weeks and begin laying eggs anywhere between 6 to 7 weeks of age. Jumbos have brown, gold, and fawn colored feathers. They are even tempered and do well in small spaces.
Raising Bobwhite Quail
The Bobwhite species of quail have 22 subspecies, with the Northern Bobwhite the most popular. Most people raise Bobwhites for hunting and dog training, but also for their delicious meat. Because Bobwhites are more challenging to raise, they may not be the best birds for beginners. They are great flyers and need large areas enclosed with netting, unlike the Coturnix breeds which don't mind staying inside. You should allow 4 square feet of living space for each Bobwhite quail.
Bobwhites take about 16 to 20 weeks to reach maturity and do not begin laying eggs until around 24 weeks old. Unlike Coturnix quail, a Bobwhite hen will incubate her own eggs if not kept in captivity. This is a plus if you do not want to invest in, or fuss with an incubator.
Besides the Northern Bobwhite, another popular variety is the Jumbo Bobwhite. These birds reach maturity at around 16 weeks and can weigh between 12 and 14 ounces. They have brown speckled feathers and the male has a white spot with a black frame of feathers under its chin. The female is similar, but its chin spot is light brown rather than white.
If you are not interested in raising quail for eggs, meat, or sport, and would prefer a fun, beautiful house pet, the Button quail is perfect. These colorful birds are tiny, weighing 1.4 ounces on average. They like the warmth and should stay indoors all year round.
There are several varieties of Button quail, each with their own brilliant feather colors. The makes are more vibrant than the females with bright blue, red, or cinnamon colored plumes.
Because Button quail are prone to stress, they do not tolerate handling or cuddling well, but they are pretty to look at.
How many birds should you get?
Buying live birds
If you are going to buy live birds, how many you get depends on several factors. Probably the first point to consider is how much space you have for the quail pens or cages. You can raise about 8 Coturnix quail in a 2 x 4 foot cage comfortably. The more space you have, the more you can raise.
If you have never raised quail before, you may not be sure if this is something you can stick to long-term. If you realize after a few weeks that this hobby isn't for you, it is better to have fewer birds to take care of.
When you are buying quail from a hatchery, there may be a minimum number of chicks you can buy. In most cases, if you buy chicks, you need to purchase 50 birds per variety. If you buy juvenile birds you have more options, they usually come in 6, 12, or 24 – but at a much higher cost.
If you are raising quail for the meat, you can get away with a higher number of birds initially, since you will have them for a short amount of time. In this case, the number of birds depends on how many you want to dress and use in the end.
How many birds you need if you are raising them for eggs depends on your space, time, money for feed, and what you will do with the eggs. If you are planning to sell them to customers, you need to do some math and figure out what is best for your business plan. Coturnix quail are prolific egg producers, and hens will lay one egg every 24 hours during the warmer months with more hours of sunlight. In the winter, if you provide 12 to 14 hours of light, they will lay an egg a day also.
If you are raising Bobwhites, you will need more outdoor space. Each bird needs about four square feet plus room to fly. How many you get greatly depends on how much space you have.
If you are buying Bobwhite chicks, you may have a 50 unit minimum. Juvenile birds are sold by the piece at a higher cost.
Remember, with both breeds of quail, Coturnix and Bobwhites, you should never purchase only one bird. You should buy at least a pair – one male and one female, but the best sex ratio is one male for every two hens. They also do well with one male for every three hens. Quail are social birds and do not do well alone, they need a mate otherwise they may die.
Buying eggs for hatching
Starting your flock with hatching eggs is probably the most economical way to do it. How many you buy depends on the size of your incubator and how many chicks you want to deal with when they hatch and start to grow. Most online companies have minimum orders of 12 and maximum orders of 100 eggs.
When the chicks hatch and are ready to leave the incubator, they need to go into a brooder to keep warm and safe until they are big enough to move into their final home. You need to take all these steps into consideration when deciding how many eggs you want to hatch. There is the possibility that all the eggs will not hatch, but the percentage of loss is very low with quail eggs, so don't overcompensate for unhatched eggs.
There are quail incubators for sale, but if you already have an incubator for larger eggs like chicken or turkey, you can rig it to incubate your quail eggs.
Hatching Quail from eggs
Hatcheries sell fertilized eggs at a much lower cost than live chicks or juvenile birds. It's a great way to start your flock if you have an incubator or are planning to buy one. If you really fall in love with raising quail, you will probably want to get into hatching your own chicks eventually. Quail chicks are the cutest things alive, and you will love watching them hatch and grow.
Even if you only have a couple hens, you can collect the eggs for about 10 days until you have enough for your incubator. While waiting, store the fertilized eggs in a cool spot that doesn't get over 50 degrees F. Set them in a container with the pointed end of the egg downwards. After getting the last eggs, let them all rest for another 12 hours. You don't want to put freshly laid eggs directly into the incubator.
A few hours before putting the eggs in the incubator, turn it on and get it warmed up to the right temperature. When it is 99.5 degrees F (37.5 C), and the humidity level is at 30 to 40 percent, you can add your eggs. Make note of the date and time you get your eggs started.
Maintain this temperature and humidity for the first 14 days. During this time, you need to gently turn all the eggs about three times daily. If your incubator has an automatic turning mechanism, that's great! Just make sure to add water if necessary and check the temperature once in a while.
On the 15th day, you stop turning the eggs or turn off the automatic mechanism. If you eggs are setting on end in cups or holders, you should turn them on their sides so the chicks can hatch easier. On the 15th day you should also raise the humidity to 55 percent.
Hatching should begin on the 18th day. You first see little pips in the eggs and soon after the chicks pick around the shell almost completely until they can push themselves out. It takes them a few minutes to start moving around and for their feathers to dry completely. Once they are all dry, you can move them into the brooder. It doesn't take long for the chicks to dry off, so get your brooder warmed up, water containers filled, and feed in your shallow container ready for them to eat soon after your chicks begin hatching.
Newly hatched quail chicks are so sweet and tiny that it is difficult not to hold them and play with them. As long as you are gentle and don't let them jump out of your hands, it is safe to play with them. They love the warmth and usually just lay down and fall asleep when held. If you have young children, this is a great experience for them. Just watch so they don't squeeze them too tight or let them fall on the ground.
What equipment do you need to raise Quail?
Whether you purchase live 48-hour old chicks from a hatchery or hatch your own eggs you need a brooder to keep them warm and safe until they are large enough for a coop or cage. You don't need an expensive, fancy brooder, you can adapt your own out of materials you may already have, or you can purchase for just a little money.
What works very well is a deep sided plastic bin without the lid. Line the bottom of the bin with heavy-duty paper towels or shop towels. This is essential because the bare plastic is too slippery for the delicate chicks. If they slip, their legs can get sprayed and they eventually die. Even newspaper is too slippery for the floor.
You will also need to have a heat lamp hanging above the bin or attached by a strong clamp to the side of the bin. The temperature should be 95 degrees in the winter and 90 degrees in the summer for 48-hour old chicks. Plan to reduce the temperature by 5 degrees every week until the birds are five weeks old. Your chicks will let you know if they are cold by huddling under the lamp and chirping noisily. If they are too warm, they move as far away from the light as possible and seem a bit lethargic.
In the brooder you need to have a shallow dish for food. You can also sprinkle some on the floor of the brooder in the first two days, so they get used to scratching and picking the feed. They will scratch at the food in the dish too which makes a mess in the brooder. Changing the paper every day helps keep things tidy.
For a water container you can rig one up using a plastic container that hangs from above. Poke several nipples into the bottom of the container so the chicks can get water easily. Just make sure that they don't leak and get the brooder floor wet.
If the birds get too large for one brooder and still need warmth, you may have to split them up into different containers. If they are big enough to stay warm on their own, you can move them into a larger cage or coop.
There are endless styles of quail coops, and many people find cages the most convenient when outside space is limited. Just consider these basic factors when you design your coop:
- Space. You should allow at least one square foot of room for every Coturnix quail and at least four square feet of room for Bobwhites. Remember to add in space allowances for your feeders, water containers, and nesting boxes if you plan on having them.
- Easy access. You want to be able to clean the coop, change the water, add food, gather the eggs, and handle the birds with ease. It is also important that the birds don't have the opportunity to jump or fly out of the coop while you are working. And remember, your easy access should not be easy access for predators.
If you keep your quail in a coop with a wire bottom, you can save a lot of clean-up time. Just have something underneath to catch the droppings. Add their droppings to your compost pile for some extra goodness!
Quail need a good supply of water that is changed every day, or more often when necessary. Having access to enough clean water will go a long way in disease prevention. Make sure you have the right number of waterers for the number of birds you have, you don't want them crowding around one small waterer fighting for a drink.
There are many different types of waterers on the market that will work well. There are some nice automatic waterers available these days that take up less space and stay clean longer. Most have nipple attachments which the birds peck at to release the water.
If you have fount waterers, have them elevated a bit rather than on the ground. This will help keep the water free from debris that can fill the cups when quail scratch around on the ground. If you are using them for baby chicks, add some clean pebbles or marbles to the water so the chicks don't fall in and get wet or drown. A wet chick does not always survive.
Whether your quail live in a coop or cage, you need a feeder that they cannot get into and scratch out their food. This creates waste and diseases from birds eating contaminated feed. There are many appropriate quail feeders on the market that do not cost a lot. You will save money from wasted feed and come out on top in the end. Choose a feeder that is appropriate for the number of quail you have.
Nesting boxes
Quail are great egg layers and aren't fussy about where they lay. If you put a nesting box in, they may or may not use it, but it is worth a try. You probably have something around the house that would work fine as a nesting box.
Outside runs or flight pens
If you want your quail to have access to your yard to forage, or if you want to train your birds for hunting, you should create an enclosed pen. This keeps them safe from predators and from getting lost.
For foraging, you should allow a minimum of two square feet of space per bird.
For flying, the cage should be at least 30 feet long and 12 feet wide. This gives them the right amount of space for stretching their wings and flying.
Can you keep quail with chickens or ducks?
It isn't a good idea to keep quail in the same enclosure with chickens or ducks. They need their own space for several reasons:
- Chickens tend to be aggressive towards smaller birds and they pick on them. This could cause serious injury or death to the small quail.
- The openings in chicken wire fencing are too large for quail – they will escape if they can. If quail leave home, they are gone, they don't come home to roost at dusk like chickens do.
- Quail, chickens, and ducks all have different feed requirements.
- Ducks love water and they are sloppy birds. Chicken and quail prefer a dry environment and taking "baths" in dirt or sand.
- Chickens love to feast on quail eggs if they find them.
- Unlike chickens, quail can fly, so they need an enclosed pen.
Raising Quail for Eggs
Probably the most common reason people raise quail is for their eggs. Quail are super producers and the eggs are delicious. If there is a market for quail eggs in your area, you might decide it's a good way to make some extra pocket money. Here are some details about quail eggs.
All quail breeds in the Coturnix genus are great egg producers. The Pharaoh, or Japanese are the most common breeds purchased. These birds generally live for two to five years and begin laying eggs as early as seven to nine weeks old. That's a lot of years for laying eggs, even though their production rates slow down slightly after the first year.
Coturnix eggs have a cream-colored base and are covered in brown and brick red colored speckles. They are only about one inch long and weigh between .28 and .46 ounces (8 to 13 grams).
The natural laying season for Coturnix quail is during warm months with long hours of sunlight. They will continue to lay eggs all year round if they have a warm coop and exposure to around 17 hours of daily light.
Most varieties of Coturnix lay between 200 and 300 eggs a year. They do not have a strong nesting instinct; they just lay their daily egg and go about their business.
Bobwhite breeds are more instinctive nesters. They lay 12 to 20 eggs per clutch of solid, creamy white eggs that weigh about .32 ounces (9 grams). If you collect them every day and don't let them set, they will continue laying and can produce up to 200 eggs per year. Bobwhites will lay year-round if they have access to 17 hours of light and temperatures above 60 degrees.
Quail eggs have a delicious, mild flavor that is a bit gamier than chicken eggs. The flavor of your eggs depends a lot on what you feed them. Eggs from quail that free-range have the best flavor. Eating a large variety of seeds, greens, and insects add to the egg's nutritional value and flavor. If you don't like the taste of your eggs, try changing their feed.
Average chicken eggs weigh about 1.77 ounces (50 grams) and quail eggs weigh around .32 ounces (9 grams). That's a big difference in size, but compared to chicken eggs, quail eggs have a higher ratio of yolk to white, and the yolks are richer and creamier. Ounce per ounce, quail eggs have less fat and cholesterol than chicken eggs, but a smaller percentage of protein.
If you are raising quail so you have eggs at home, you may not need a large flock. Eating about five quail eggs will give you the same number of calories and nutritional value as one chicken egg. Quail eggs can be prepared the same as other types of eggs, but they are also great when pickled.
Raising Quail for Meat
The largest breeds of the Coturnix genus are the best for meat production. The Texas A and M are bred to be larger and grow faster than other breeds. At eight weeks they can reach up to 14 ounces. Their meat and skin are lighter than other Coturnix breeds, and they are easier to clean because of their larger size.
Jumbo Brown quail are also great for meat because they grow to maturity in eight to ten weeks. They can get up to 12 ounces and have a rich, dark meat that has a delicious gamey flavor.
The feed that your quail eat affects the taste of the meat. If your quail are free-range, the meat will be even more delicious. If you aren't happy with the flavor, you can try a different feed.
Quail meat is tasty and nutritious. It is lower in fat and higher in protein content than chicken or duck meat. Of course you need a few more to make a meal. You can roast or braise them but don't overcook the meat, it is very lean. Adding some fat during cooking is a good idea.
Feeding your quail
If you are hatching chicks, or purchasing them from a hatchery, you need to have feed for them. Your chicks will probably start eating on day two in the brooder. You can feed them a starter mix for game birds for the first month and then switch to a game bird grower mix. These mixes should contain about 20 percent protein.
Store all your quail feed in airtight containers so it doesn't get wet or moldy. This also keeps out pests that not only eat it, they contaminate it too.
When your birds are around six weeks old, you can add some greens, insects, cracked corn, and various grains like barley, rye, wheat, millet, safflower seed, sunflower kernels, alfalfa, or bean sprouts. The more varied their diet the tastier their eggs and meat will be.
When your hens start laying you should give them layer pellets. These provide extra calcium needed for strong eggshells. If the pellets are too large, just break them up and make them easier to eat.
If you are raising quail for meat, do not give them the game bird grower mix, give them a finisher feed instead at five or six weeks old. Don't forget to add all the grains and other goodies too.
Adult quail eat anywhere between .5 and .88 ounces (15 – 25 grams) of feed per day. Your daily cost depends on the price of feed in your area. If there are several outlets in your region, you should price check to find the most economical option.
What you shouldn't feed your quail
There are a few foods that can be toxic to quail. In most cases, they instinctively avoid these foods unless they are desperate for food. But it is best to avoid letting your birds have access to the following:
- Avocadoes
- Caffeine
- Chocolate
- Grape seeds
- Parsley
- Rhubarb
- Tomato plants (not the fruit)
- Foods that contain salt
- Uncooked potato
- Citrus fruit
- Meat products
Keeping your Quail healthy
If you keep your quail's home clean, their water containers full of fresh, clean water, you give them plenty of living space, healthy food, and some fresh air and sunshine, you will go a long way in keeping them healthy, stress-free, and strong.
But, no matter how careful you are, sometimes birds can get sick. There are some common quail illnesses that you should be on the lookout for.
- Ulcerative Enteritis, also known as 'deadly quail disease' (!!). This disease is caused by bacteria that come from eating bird droppings, or through transmission by infected flies. Ulcerative Enteritis causes ulcer in the quail's digestive tract. Some of the symptoms include:
- Lethargy and drooping wings
- A puffy and pale appearance
- Watery droppings
This disease is quite contagious. If you suspect a bird has it, separate it from the others, clean out the coop, and call your vet for treatment advice.
- Coryza is also a bacterial infection. It is like a cold or flu and affects the bird's respiratory system. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- A snotty, runny beak and watery eyes
- Lethargy
- A puffy face
- Wheezing sounds when breathing
- Bad odor coming from the bird
Your vet will prescribe antibiotics for Coryza. You should separate any sick birds from the flock and get the coop, water, and feed troughs cleaned up thoroughly.
- Coccidiosis is a common illness that affects young birds. It is caused by a protozoa that is eaten and enters the digestive system. It is usually transferred through feces. That is why it is so important to have a clean coop. You don't want your birds eating food mixed with poop. Some of the symptoms of Coccidiosis are:
- Loss of appetite and weight loss
- Ruffled feathers and drooping wings
- Closed eyes, the birds look sleepy
Corid is the name of a standard treatment for this illness. You can probably find it at the same store where you buy your quail feed. It comes in powdered form that you add to the water supply.
You are now ready to raise Quail!
Raising quail is an extremely rewarding experience. These small birds have a sweet temperament, are very affectionate, they don't mind being handled, and they will eat right out of your hand. Taking care of quail is something the entire family can do. You won't have to worry about your young children getting hurt, they won't pick at them like chickens, or chase after them like ducks do sometimes. Not only are quail relatively inexpensive to raise, they will provide you with lots of yummy eggs and meat. They don't need as much space as other birds, and they are quieter and cleaner too – so go for it!


text:
Golf is a sports-simulation video game released in 1985 for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was originally released in Japan in 1984 for the Nintendo Family Computer. The golfer is a mustached man who resembles Mario.
The player one character wears a white shirt and shoes with blue pants and uses a white ball, while the player two character wears a red shirt and shoes with black pants and uses a red ball.
The user must first decide whether to play single stroke play or the two player selections of doubles stroke play or match play. The user is then placed at the tee of the first hole of eighteen.
It was the first golf game to feature a power/accuracy bar for swinging the club. The power bar method has been used in most golf games since
Released in December 1980, Zork: The Great Underground Empire - Part I aka Zork I was an interactive fiction video game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels and Tim Read more
WWF WrestleMania was a game developed by Twilight and published by Ocean Software in 1991 for the Amiga, Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, and DOS. It was the first WWF licensed game available for these computers Read more
In the distant future, the B.E.D.A. Corporation, a company involved in the development of electronic equipment and military weapons, is actually a front operated by a race of alien beings who Read more
Transformers: War for Cybertron - Autobots and Transformers: War for Cybertron - Decepticons are the Nintendo DS iterations of Transformers: War for Cybertron These versions have different gameplay from the console Read more
Transformers: War for Cybertron is a third-person shooter video game developed by High Moon Studios and published by Activision. It was released in North America on June 22, 2010 and Read more
A video game based on the cartoon series of the same name was released by Takara in 1987 for the Family Computer Disk System (FDS). It can be played in Read more
Transformers: Rise of the Dark Spark is an action-adventure video game based on the Transformers toy franchise. It was developed primarily by Edge of Reality, with the Nintendo 3DS version Read more
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen is a 2009 third-person shooter video game based on the 2009 live action film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 Read more
Transformers: Human Alliance is an arcade rail shooter developed by Sega and released in 2013, based on the live action films. The game can be played with one or two Read more
Transformers: Fall of Cybertron is a third-person shooter video game developed by High Moon Studios and published by Activision. It is the sequel to the 2010 video game Transformers: War Read more
Transformers: Dark of the Moon (marketed as Transformers: Dark of the Moon - Stealth Force Edition for Nintendo 3DS and Wii) is an Action-adventure video game which was released on June Read more
Transformers: Cybertron Adventures is the Wii version of the video game Transformers: War for Cybertron. It was developed by Next Level Games and published by Activision. The game was released Read more
Transformers: Beast Wars Transmetals is a 1999 versus styled fighting game based on the Beast Wars cartoon series and toy-line for the Nintendo 64 and PlayStation. The Nintendo 64 version Read more
Transformers Universe was a third person multiplayer online battle arena game developed by British game develop Jagex Games Studio in partnership with American toy company Hasbro. The game was officially Read more
Transformers: Prime – The Game is a brawler video game developed by Nowpro for the Wii, Wii U, and Nintendo 3DS and Altron for the Nintendo DS. Transformers: Prime – Read more
Transformers G1: Awakening is a turn-based tactics mobile game in the Transformers franchise developed and published by Glu Mobile. It was originally released for feature phones on November 12, 2008, Read more
Transformers Decepticons is a video game based on fictional alien robots, Transformers. This version follows an alternate plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers. Most prominently, while the Autobots version Read more
Transformers Autobots is a video game based on fictional alien robots, Transformers. This version follows the plot of the 2007 live action film Transformers. Most prominently, while the Autobots version has Read more
Transformers Animated: The Game is a video game for the Nintendo DS handheld based on the Transformers television incarnation, Transformers: Animated. The story is centered around the rogue factory robots and Read more
Based on the film, the game is a third-person action-shooter. All the robots have at least five attack types: a light weapon, a heavy weapon, a melee attack, and the Read more
Brett Summers
Founded Cult Faction in 2014. Some would describe him as a teacher, writer, dream weaver, and visionary... some would not...

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The GNSI is a 501(c)(3) that connects, provides professional development & networking opportunities to visual science communicators
Watercolor painting 16"x20" . Original available, as are limited edition, signed, fine art prints.
All artwork displayed here is copyrighted by the individual artists. Please reach out to artists directly for inquiries regarding image reuse rights and/or new work inquiries.
Powered by Artwork Archive


text:
With touchdowns on each of their first two possessions in the first quarter, the No. 3 LSU Tigers jumped out to a 14-0 lead over the Idaho Vandals, but Idaho cut that lead with a touchdown early in the second quarter. The Tigers take a 28-14 lead to halftime.
Quarterback Zach Mettenberger started off the scoring for the Tigers with a 17-yard pass to Kadron Boone and LSU added to their lead on their ensuing possession with a 3-yard touchdown run by Alfred Blue. Mettenberger is 9-of-13 for 117 yards and two touchdowns through two quarters.
A four-yard touchdown pass from Dominque Blackman to Michael LaGrone got the Vandals on the board, though, early in the second quarter.
The Tigers will begin the second half with the ball.
For more on the LSU Tigers, check out And The Valley Shook and Team Speed Kills. All your college football news and info can be found at SB Nation's college football news hub.


text:
Pakistan has rejected reports that it was aiding the Taliban offensive in Afghanistan's Panjshir Valley, terming these as a "mischievous propaganda campaign".
The Taliban said on Monday they have seized Panjshir Valley , the last province not in their control after their blitz through Afghanistan last month.
Some reports quoted a CENTCOM source saying that the Pakistani military was assisting the Taliban offensive in Panjshir with 27 helicopters full of Pakistani Special Forces backed up by drone strikes.
Analysis | In Panjshir, the odds were against rebels
The Foreign Office spokesperson Asim Iftikhar in an overnight statement "categorically rejected these allegations as part of a mischievous propaganda campaign".
"These malicious allegations were part of a desperate attempt to malign Pakistan and to mislead the international community," read the statement.
The spokesperson reiterated Pakistan's abiding commitment to a peaceful, stable, sovereign and prosperous Afghanistan.
The Taliban insurgents seized control of Afghanistan in mid-August, ousting the previous elected leadership which was backed by the West.
Protesting airstrikes in Panjshir, people throng Kabul streets chanting 'death to Pakistan'
The takeover comes nearly 20 years after the U.S. forces led an invasion to topple the Taliban.
Panjshir, a rugged mountain valley, is home to between 1,50,000 and 2,00,000 people. It was a centre of resistance when Afghanistan was under Soviet occupation in the 1980s and during the Taliban's previous period of rule, between 1996 and 2001.


text:
Faculty of Arts
This unit entry is for students who completed this unit in 2014 only. For students planning to study the unit, please refer to the unit indexes in the the current edition of the Handbook. If you have any queries contact the managing faculty for your course or area of study.
Refer to the specific census and withdrawal dates for the semester(s) in which this unit is offered, or view unit timetables.
|Faculty of Arts
|Organisational Unit
|Clayton First semester 2014 (Day)
|Dr Jonathan McIntosh
Previously coded MUS3390
The unit introduces students some issues in music sociology, and the ways in which people study and analyse the relationship between music and society. This will be approached by looking at types of performances and their contexts, the way musicians and their roles are formed in our society, the influence of social difference on music in our society, and the interactions of music and the music industry, looking at music as commodity and intellectual property.
Students successfully completing this subject will have developed:
1. An understanding of the ways theories and approaches of the Sociology of Music have been applied to the analysis of performance situations, of the social roles of musicians, and of the economic and social structures within which music is produced; 2. An ability to apply these theories and approaches to musical situations and structures in our society and to evaluate their relevance and usefulness.
Assignments1 (1000 words): 30%
Assignment 2 (500 words): 15%
In-class tests (400 words): 10%
Final examination (2 hours): 45%
One 2-hour lecture per week


text:
Once again, I missed the anniversary of this blog. Not that my silly first post was much of an introduction to the blogosphere. But now that I have entered year three, it's time to let go of some drafts that I'm just not going to get around to. Before I delete them, here are the topics that never were:
- I used to love driving – There's enough interesting material started here, that I'll probably save the draft and start reconstructing it. The premise for this entry was all of the morons I am forced to share the road with have ruined my love for driving. A topic that could be revisited after almost any of my daily commutes.
- "For who? For what?" – Using the famous Rickey Watters quote (from when he was with the Eagles), I wanted to discuss our reactions to the tragedies of others. When you comfort somebody over a loss, are your words really there to comfort them, or you?
- Privacy in the age of blogging – This one I'll definitely be keeping. I plan on turning it into an article of sorts, as it no longer fits as just a post. The subject matter was inspired by the blog readme I've seen various sites link to.
- Are you a noun or verb? – Kurt spoke about his photography and whether it made him a photographer or not. You might as well look at what he said, as I doubt I could elaborate much more.
- "I'm very tired" – I started writing this post after speaking with Sara Jane at her father's wake. It was difficult and painful to work through, and eventually I gave up. Although the subject matter of death and its effects are always relevant, it's time to abandon this entry.
- The choices we make – I think I might finish this story about helping a stranded motorist off later today and finally post it. A couple months overdue, the point was not to praise myself for my own actions, but to encourage others to make similar decisions.
Not too shabby. This has helped me clean out the admin side of things, and will perhaps speed up my work on other areas of the site.


text:
A mountain paradise surrounded by deep-green meadows
This idyllic blue lake lies hidden in a gentle hollow framed by emerald-green mountain meadows and veined with meandering rills of dark water. In summer the lean feral pigs root around for tender morsels, while the more boisterous of mountain walkers pursue a half-hearted chase to catch these nimble-footed, curly-tailed porkers. Cowbells sound out from the bushes along the lake; horses graze peacefully on the close-cropped pastures and are spoiled by the attentions of horse-loving hikers passing through – neither fence nor herdsman in sight. Thanks to the marvellous laricio pines that make up Valdu Niellu (black forest) and the unique views of the ridge between Paglia Orba and the Cinto massif this hike is a real treat – despite the steep climb during the second leg of the route.
Location: Albertacce, 860m, Niolu village on the Calacuccia reservoir.
Starting point: Poppaghia forestry house, 1076m, 10.5km east of Col de Verghio.
Height difference: about 730m.
Grade: easy hike on a well-marked path, but strenuous along the last stretch.
Refreshment and accommodation: Castel di Verghio hotel-restaurant on the road to Col de Verghio; in Albertacce and Calacuccia.
Alternatives: Nino lake can also be approached from the Castel di Verghio hotel, 1404m (3½hrs.). The route can be extended to a 2-to-3-day trek by either following the Tavignano downstream to the Refuge de Sega (stay overnight, Walks 64 and 65) or along the GR20 via the Refuge de Manganu with overnight stop and finally reaching the Restonica valley or continuing on even further to reach Rotondo. A possible ascent from the lake to the panoramic Punta Artica, 2327m (3hrs. there and back).
Map: IGN 4251 OT (1:25.000).
The full description of this hike is in the guide, opposite, available in all the bookshops and relay points of Corsica. To buy this book online, scan the flashcode with your smartphone or go to the link below:
Available in French, English, German and Italian.
The full description of this hike is in the guide, opposite, available in all the bookshops and relay points of Corsica. To Buy this book online, click on the link below.
Available in French, English, German and Italian.


text:
Calhoun County Library
Some Early Settlers of Calhoun County, by Susan S. Bennett
Published in The Proceedings of The South Carolina Historical Association, 1938 [with minor edits]
The earliest recorded settler of Calhoun County, and indeed, of Orangeburg District, was George Sterling, often recorded as Starland. In 1703, on the 15th of October, Sterling had a warrant for 500 acres of land in Berkeley County, "lying in the Congaree path, the bluff part of the swamp and part of the Level ground Over the Swamp," and on March 14, 1704, was granted 570 acres of land in Berkeley County, "Bounding on all sides not laid out." There is no certainty, however, that he himself ever lived on this land; certainly he did not live there long, as he died in 1706. His three sons, George, William, and John, inherited and some one of them occupied the land. William survived the other two and became sole heir. Sterling also had a daughter Mary.
In 1718, the first trading post at the Congarees was built near the present Granby, and Capt. Charles Russell, by recommendation of the Commissioner of Indian trade, was appointed Commandant and ordered to proceed into the country and to enlist men for the garrison. There is no complete list extant of these men, the names of but four being known. Richard Heatly married Mary Sterling in 1714. Heatly was a young Irishman, and is thought to have come over under Messrs. Gough & Co., promotors of the Cypress Barony, and to have settled on or near the lands of that Barony on Cooper River. From old records it would appear that Heatly having tried his hand unsuccessfully at turpentining, found himself in financial straits in 1719, for in that year he sold out his holding in the lowcountry and removed, with his wife and infant daughter Rachel, to the Congarees. Tradition says their son, William Heatly, was the first white child to be born in that section.
Rachel grew up and married John Lloyd of Buckhorn Hill. According to legend he swore that the devil came after him and he was only saved by the quick wits of his wife. She smelled something burning, and, looking under the table, noticed that one of the beautifully shod feet of the very stylish gentleman who had dropped in to dinner was scorching the floor. Seizing her Bible and calling upon her Maker, she began to read, whereupon the gentleman rushed from the house and disappeared, leaping over the river into Craven County, but leaving behind him on the rock the imprint of a hoof, a footprint and a buggy track, still visible 80 years ago.
It is possible, though not proved, that Richard Heatly was one of the men enlisted by Russell for the garrison. He died, however, shortly after reaching the Congarees, and by 1725, Mary, his widow, had married Captain Russell. By him she had five children, Charles, John, Joseph, Sophianisba, and Eugenia. Eugenia married Colonel William Thomson of the 3rd SC Regiment (aka Thomson's Rangers) in the American Revolution, and Sophianisba married John McCord of McCord's Ferry.
The garrison at the Congarees was discontinued in 1722, but the Russells remained in the mid-country. In 1725, Captain George Chicken, Commissioner of the Indian Trade, on an expedition to the Indian country, speaks of stopping at Capt. Charles Russell's, and again in 1730, Sir Alexander Cuming, ambassador to the Cherokees, accompanied by Col. Chicken and George Hunter the surveyor, stopped at Russell's on the Cherokee path near Amelia. In 1731, or before, Capt. Russell had bought from William Sterling the original 570 acres granted George Sterling in 1704, with all buildings, etc. The deed is dated 1731. Owing to difficulties in getting to Charles Town to record it, the actual sale may well have taken place some time before, for in 1725 one William Sterling is mentioned as of St. James, Goose Creek Parish. Russell evidently took over George Sterling's grant and the property thereon when he married Sterling's daughter. It was here that Sir Alexander visited him.
In 1734, Russell was justice of the peace and captain of the rangers; in this year he was appointed by Royal Governor Robert Johnson as agent for opening up and settling the three townships, Amelia, Saxe-Gotha, and Orangeburgh. It was while he held this office that the first settlement of German-Swiss was made in Orangeburgh District. In 1734, the Commons House of Assembly decided to build one or more forts for the protection of the Indian trade. Until the forts could be built traders were required to bring their deer skins to some one of several officers, among them Capt. Charles Russell "at his plantation, on the South side of Santee River," and there to pay a tax of six pence currency apiece; the receipts were to provide the money to build the forts. In the same year Russell received a special appointment as agent to the Cherokees, followed soon after by an express messenger requesting him to go on a special mission to the tribe. While on this mission Major Charles Russell died on January 17, 1737.
The inventory of Russell's estate gives a vivid picture of the household equipment and domestic life of the well-to-do frontiersman: "87 head of cattle; 7 horses and colts; 6 beds and furniture; 5 tables and old carpett; 5 slaves; 3 old looking glasses [for trading with the Indians]; several Utencels for House Use; Iron Potts; Old Pewter; Sundries." The total value was £2185, 7sh. 6d. Thus Mary Russell was again left a widow, still living on the grant of 1704. She was evidently a woman of determination, for being "left helpless and with a great many young children," on February 26, 1737, and again in December of 1737, she petitioned the Commons House of Assembly, setting forth her husband's services to the province, and the expenses to which he had been put in that service, and requesting that such monies should be refunded and due payment made for his services rendered. Her petitions were granted, and Mary Russell was paid "out of the Township Fund not only the £ per annum for the 22 months her husband acted in the Public Service, but also a further allowance for his extraordinary services therein."
Mr. Salley's History of Orangeburg County shows that Mrs. Russell's home was the center of family activities for the community, all marriages and baptisms being held there. Her home lay between St. Matthews and Creston, at the junction of the road to Moncks Corner and the road to Fort Motte and McCord's Ferry. On April 13, 1739, she was given a grant of 450 acres, over the Congaree, near McCord's Ferry in trust for her children. In 1751, she deeded this to her son Charles, Jr., as also a grant for 400 acres adjoining her plantation, the land granted to her father in 1704, where she had continued to live. She died in 1754 and was buried on her plantation. The inventory of her estate shows 16 working horses and mares; 138 head of cattle; sheep and hogs; corn, peas, and wheat; 14 negroes and a conch to blow them in with; a full supply of plantation tools and necessaries; in the house a well-fitted kitchen, a "boofeet" and chest of drawers; 6 tables and 11 chairs; 8 beds and furniture; 8 tableclothes; a woman's saddle; eleven books; an old sword and surveyor's chain, evidently relics of her husband. The total was £3,799, 17 sh. 6d. currency.
Charles Russell, Jr. and his brother John died without heirs. Their younger brother Joseph continued to live near the old place and left heirs of whom the writer knows nothing.
In all probability the first Huguenot family to ascend the Santee River into the mid-country was that of Jerome LeBoeuf and his wife; with them were her four children by her first husband who was a Courtonne. In 1737, LeBoeuf settled on 500 acres just below Halfway Swamp. He was also granted "a Lott in the Town of Amelia, No. 176 on the Grand Platt." Later in 1762 and 1772, James Courtonne, jeweler of Charles Town, and his brother Jerome Courtonne, trader with the Cherokees, obtained grants in the same section, below Halfway Swamp on the Santee River. The writer knows of no descendants.
But the real impress of the Huguenot Courtonnes on the community was through Marie Elise, who married William Heatly, only son of Richard Heatly and his wife, Mary Sterling. In 1756, William Heatly secured a grant on the Santee River, just across Halfway Swamp from his wife's family. This is thought to have been the location of his home, spoken of in 1880 by his great-granddaughter Mrs. John R. Cheves, as "the old place on the Santee in St. Matthew's Parish, later known as Heatly Hall."
William Heatly held various positions of responsibility in the district. After the capture of Nova Scotia by the British in 1755, the exiled Acadians were scattered among the provinces, those sent to Charles Town being distributed among the five parishes. There they were bound out in service, their maintenance being a charge upon the community; any man neglecting this duty was to be fined. William Heatly was among those appointed to look after the welfare of the Acadians. In 1768, he is referred to as Major, doubtless of the colonial militia, and later on as Colonel; but was too old for active service when the Revolutionary War came. He was on the Grand Jury at the Court of General Sessions in Orangeburgh in 1776, and was one of the signers of the "Address to his Honour William Henry Drayton, Esq., Chief Justice of the Colony," in which they expressed their indignation against the late "King's Judges" and their refusal to hold court; and rejoiced in the new privilege of electing their own rulers and judges, and at the establishment of the Continental Congress.
From 1749 to 1757, church services for Amelia Township were held in the houses of Mary Russell, her son, Charles Russell, his half-brother, William Heatly, Colonel Moses Thomson, and Tacitus Gaillard. In 1757, a small chapel was built near by, which served till 1765, after which it went by the name of the "Old Church." In 1768, the townships of Amelia and Orangeburgh were erected into the Parish of St. Matthew's; and William Heatly, Moses Thomson, Tacitus Gaillard and others were appointed commissioners to build a church, chapel, and parsonage house within the bounds of the parish.
William Heatly and his sons, Charles, William, and Andrew, all rendered service during the Revolutionary War. Charles and William, Jr., were both captains in Colonel William Thomson's SC 3rd Regiment (aka Rangers), Charles later becoming Colonel over the Orangeburgh District Regiment of Militia. William, Jr. and Andrew both furnished supplies to the state troops.
William Heatly died in 1787. None of his sons left heirs. His daughters were Mary, married to Francis Goodwyn; Rachel to Edward Richardson; Elizabeth, first to Rev. Paul Turquand, second to the Rev. James O'Farrell; Sophia to Joseph Dulles; and Anne.
Anne Heatly married twice. Her first husband was Captain William Reid, by whom she had one son, Edmund. Edmund lived to manhood but died unmarried. Captain Reid was shot and killed in 1781 by his own men, as he was testing their alertness on guard by trying to pass his own lines without giving the word. Her second husband was James Lovell, Adjutant in Lt. Colonel Henry Lee's Light Dragoons (VA) in 1780, but after the war called Major Lovell. Lovell was apparently an out-and-out adventurer and soldier of fortune, his amusing story far too long to be included here. He had served in the north with Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys, had been imprisoned in the hulks with Allen, was at Fort Ticonderoga with Allen and Arnold, had come south with Lt. Colonel Henry "Lighthorse Harry" Lee and married the wealthy Miss Heatly. He ran through her fortune and left, returning later, when, not finding things to his liking, he left her again. He outlived her by sixteen years and is buried in the family burying ground on Lang Syne plantation.
Anne Lovell evidently took after her grandmother, Mary Russell, and was a notable woman. When Major Lovell left her the first time she obtained from the legislature the right of "femme sole," a necessary legality to put a woman's affairs in her own hands. That was why the Major left her the second time. She conducted her affairs well and capably. She acquired by inheritance from her father, from her husband William Reid, and their son, Edmund, and by inheritance and purchase from the estate of her brother Andrew, the lands which marched together, where she lived. These formed the tracts called Goshen and Lang Syne, left by her to Langdon Cheves, who had married her niece Mary Elizabeth Dulles. It is said that when the first railroad in South Carolina was being laid out Mrs. Lovell objected to the plans, as the lines were to run through her plantations and her little negros would be frightened and in danger. She erected the family monument, still in existence, on the road from Creston to Elloree. Mrs. Lovell died in October, 1834, on her plantation.
The church of St. Matthew's Parish, built in 1765 of wood, was 30 x 40 feet. It stood down by Halfway Swamp near the Santee River; and the highway from Ox Creek (now Lyons), gave easy access from Mrs. Russell's neighborhood to her son's home, Heatly Hall, and its community of friends and relatives. Its first pastor was the Rev. Paul Turquand, of a Huguenot family refugeed to London about 1685. Old papers, still extant with the London descendants, say that among his ancestors was Jean Baptiste Morin, scientist and King's Astrologer, mentioned by Voltaire as having been present in Queen Anne's bedchamber at the birth of Louis XIV that the infant's horoscope might be cast at one.
Paul Turquand was born in London, educated at Winchester College, and came to America about 1753 and taught school at Georgetown, where he married Sarah Bond. He went back to England in 1766 and was ordained by the Bishop of London. While there he married his second wife, Mary Esom, who became the mother of three daughters: Martha who married Joseph McCord; Hannah who married Russell McCord; and Catherine who did not marry. The surviving manuscript sermons of the Rev. Paul Turquand are variously dated - St. Matthews, Amelia, Orangeburgh Chapel - the location of the last being uncertain. The chapel was opened and the first sermond preached there on the 21st of April, 1767. Mr. Turquand also preached in St. Mark's Parish across the Santee River, as well as in many places in the lowcountry. He seems, however, to have lived near Mrs. Russell, his grant showing his holding of some 750 acres in her immediate vicinity. About 1774, he married his third wife, Elizabeth Heatly.
Turquand was an ardent supporter of the Patriot cause, and preached the opening sermon for the Provincial Congress in 1775. He was one of the committee for St. Matthew's Parish appointed by that Congress, January 14, 1775, for "Effectually Carrying into Execution the Continental Association." In fact, his feelings were so well known that, when in 1777-1778 the British came to occupy the state, it seemed wise that he remove himself before trouble came. This was especially the case as, being a clergyman of the Church of England, he could be rated as a crown officer and therefore doubly a traitor. So, with Colonel Tacitus Gailliard, known as "the Contumacious," and others, he left St. Matthew's Parish and made his way to the Ohio River, thence down the Mississippi, to New Orleans. There they were allowed to remain provided they conducted no Protestant services, even in their own homes. Mr. Turquand acquiesced; but Colonel Gaillard, tradition says, true to his name, died in prison because he would not agree. Mr. Turquand stayed until it was safe for him to make the return trip across Alabama and Georgia in 1785, with only his negro servant for company. The manuscript journal of this trip was in the possession of his grandson David J. McCord, of Columbia, but was, unfortunately, lost many years ago, probably about 1865. Paul Turquand died in 1786. The site of his grave is unknown.
The church near Halfway Swamp was moved in 1825, reduced in size, and re-erected where it now stands near Lang Syne plantation. The land was given by Andrew Heatly, who also gave a handsome Bible and Book of Common Prayer. Anne Heatly Lovell gave the communion silver which is still in use. John McCord of Armagh, Ireland, first appears in the records on August 19, 1746, when with George Haig he witnessed a note of Thomas Brown in Charlestown. Haig and Brown were traders with the Catawba Indians. McCord is thought to have come down from eastern Pennsylvania; but this is conjecture. In 1748, he is mentioned as a Catawba trader, and in 1749 as having five slaves. Later he seems also to have traded with the Cherokees. He settled in Craven County, in the angle between the Congaree and the Wateree, abutting land belonging to Charles Russell. In 1751, he married Russell's sister, Sophianisba. By 1765, he owned upwards of 1,000 acres in this fork, including the site of McCord's Ferry. He was inquirer and collector of taxes for Saxe-Gotha, for the forks between the Congaree and Wateree, and adjacent places.
In 1766, by Act of the Commons House of Assembly, a public road was opened which ran across what was commonly known as McCord's Ferry, McCord having vested rights in the ferry for fourteen years. He and John Russell were two of the commissioners in charge of maintaining the road from the ferry to Fishing Creek on the Catawba River. He was also required to maintain a "good and sufficient ferry-boat and canoe with two or more servants or negroes fit and necessary to carry all passengers, their servants, carriages, cattle and effects." The scale of fees included foot-passengers, single horse, man and horse, cattle, sheep, and hogs. In time of alarm, or to persons going across to church, the ferry was free.
McCord was a captain in the rangers. He died in 1768. The family had the ferry rights until near 1800, by which time those crossing included four-wheeled carriages and horses, chair, or cart with horse, and rolled hogsheads of tobacco.
The widow McCord apparently shared in the quality of her mother, Mary Russell, and was a woman of ability and action. She and her son, Captain John McCord of the militia and Lee's Legion, were ardent Patriots, and the ferry in 1780-1781 became known as a place where British officers and troops met trouble. The ferry-boat was always on the other side or out of commission; and if the British were obliged to spend the night, their horses always "strayed." Feeling being exceedingly bitter at that time between Patriot and Loyalist neighbor against neighbor, in 1781 Mrs. McCord's house was burned with all it contained. Russel Paul McCord, her grandson, writing to the historian Draper, says that the British locked his uncle, William, then a slim lad, into the pantry, before they set fire to the house, but that he managed to make his way out of a window they had thought impossibly small. William's brother, Russell, a boy of ten, took refuge in the cane-brake, and there lived in a hollow tree for some time after the burning. Mrs. McCord had previously been insulted by a local Loyalist, one Levi Smith. There was evidently provocation on both sides.
John McCord was undoubtedly one of those who, having been paroled, refused to accept service under the British, and joined Brigadier General Thomas Sumter. His brothers, David, Joseph, and Russell, apparently did also, though the latter two were mere children. Mary McCord, who married Richard Brown, is spoken of as a very courageous woman, who assisted many Patriots to escape from the British. The McCords and their ferry were thorns in the flesh of the occupying army.
There is much more that could be said, but time does not permit. Of these old people few descendants remain in the male line, the old names are no longer current in the old places; but their blood flows through many still in South Carolina and beyond. They have no cause to hang their heads because of their forebears - indeed much the reverse.
Amelia Township was one of the original nine "townships" created by Gov. Robert Johnson in 1730, and it was first settled in 1732 by German Lutherans. It was located in what is today Calhoun County.
Calhoun County was named for John Caldwell Calhoun (1782-1850), who served as United States Vice President, Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Senator. The county seat, the town of St. Matthews, was settled around 1841 in an area that was known for its cotton plantations. The county itself was formed in 1908 from parts of Orangeburg and Lexington counties.
During the American Revolutionary War, a famous incident took place at Fort Motte in present day Calhoun County. Rebecca Motte (1738-1815), a local plantation owner, helped the Patriot troops drive the British out of her plantation house; she reportedly provided the soldiers with a burning arrow to destroy her own dwelling. Another famous resident of the area was Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Julia Peterkin (1880-1961), who lived at Lang Syne Plantation.
Calhoun County, named for John Caldwell Calhoun, was formed of parts of Lexington and Orangeburg counties in 1908. The eastern and northern boundaries are the Congaree and Santee rivers. Its area is 391 square miles, divided into three distinct soil-types. The southern and southeastern parts are Coastal Plain type. The central is a narrow strip about seven miles wide, extending in a northeasterly direction, with characteristics of the piedmont. The northwest, or upper, is the sandhill section and extends almost to the fall line.
The population in 1920 was 18,380. The predominating citizenship has sprung from descendants of colonists from the northern part of Europe, who came to this section in 1732 and earlier. The forests yield turpentine and lumber. Along the streams are the hardwood forests. Nature soon reforests the cutover land. Woodland fires are rare.
Thirty-four miles of main line railroads furnish quick and easy transportation; the Southern Railway from Charleston to Columbia; and, the Atlantic Coast Line from Augusta to Florence. The sand-clay roads are excellent and well maintained. Highway 2 from Columbia to Charleston passes through the county 26 miles, following the old stagecoach route, and on it is regular bus service. Highways 32 and 52, of the state system, are also important routes.
St. Matthews, the county seat, is a well-kept, well governed town of 1,780 inhabitants, 34 miles from Columbia and 92 from Charleston. Here are found stores; two banks, state and national; a school, the pride of the town; cotton gins; fertilizer plant; ice factory; bottling plant. There are four churches. Nine miles southeast is Cameron, an enterprising town, having beautiful homes and an excellent school. Fort Motte, named for the Revolutionary heroine, Rebecca Motte, is a shipping point for cotton and hardwood timber. So are Creston and Lone Star. At Lone Star is situated the Calsico Hardwood Lumber plant.
Calhoun County has a fine system of public schools, with four accredited high schools. Motor buses carry children to the graded and high school.
Agriculture, dating from the early part of the eighteenth century, began about 1895 to make great progress. The possibilities are rich for enterprising farmers. Prices for land vary from $10 to $100 an acre. With the advent of the destructive pests to cotton about five years ago, the farmers began to practice diversification, the varied crops and the excellence that marks their production proving their wisdom. With ample transportation facilities and near markets, diversified farming is just in its infancy.
The growing season, 230 days, is long enough to mature all crops. The average rainfall is about five inches a month, or 48 to 50 inches a year. Cotton is the "money crop", and practically all finances of the county are based upon it, but the soils will grow in paying quantities almost any staple and truck crop. The major crops besides cotton are corn, oats, soy beans, Irish and sweet potatoes, peas, peanuts, wheat, asparagus, and garden and orchard crops.
The county produces seeds for planting of high quality. W. W. Wannamaker, originator of "Wannamaker-Cleveland Big Boll," has excelled in his breeding work of this cotton. Calhoun County has no outstanding bond issue, and none is contemplated. Taxes are low.
Immediately above, published in "South Carolina: A Handbook," prepared by The Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industries and Clemson College, Columbia, South Carolina, 1927. In the Public Domain. [with minor erdits]


text:
Making mistakes is the perfect way to evolve. Self-esteem and confidence can sometimes only be achieved by failing first. Fail, learn from your mistakes, get up, smile, and keep going! Try any of these experiments intentionally for a day.
1. Don't accept help – Act Stubborn
As Mollie King once said, "'Sexy' is being independent, being confident, and having fun." But when you're trying too much, you stop being sexy. We are all interrelated and connected. Being unable to receive help when you need it the most may not be the right decision, but make this mistake.
Don't accept help and you'll realize how much love and kindness other people possess, and how their willingness to help might actually put you on the right track. Make this mistake to understand that receiving help is another form of personal growth.
2. Lose a friend (temporarily)
We don't know what we have until it's gone; but when it's gone, it usually doesn't return. Losing a dear friend is another step towards understanding life. The moment you've lost a beloved one is the moment you realize how much they meant to you. That's when you start asking yourself questions – did I do something wrong? Should I proceed differently next time? Losing something valuable makes us open our eyes, genuinely pay attention to and respect the people around us.
3. Saying Yes when You Should Say No
If you're always playing by the rules, how will know how not playing by the rules feels like? Say "yes" when you should say "no" to see where it takes you. Moments like this will help you respect your personal values more, appreciate your self-made commitments, and understand boundaries. Next time, you'll kindly decline the offer, knowing what to expect out of it.
4. Living without a Purpose
Yes, live without a freaking purpose for some days! Follow your daily routine without asking why. Do what "you must" without asking questions. Obey your boss's requests without understanding the reasons behind them. Do things just to get the job done. That's when you'll realize that you are the only person who can decide your destiny.
You'll soon start mapping out plans and designing goals, knowing exactly where you're heading. When we live purposelessly, we don't accept that things are not set in stone. Everything is possible if you truly want it. "There's always a way if you're committed," agrees Tony Robbins.
5. Thinking You Can't Learn Anything New
Assume you have nothing new to learn. You know it all. You're no longer interested in chatting with new people or opening up random conversations with strangers. You barely talk to your colleagues. There's nothing left to impress you. You're the master Guru of your own life, and there's no new information to acquire.
Live like that for a week, and you'll go insane! Learning from others is what keeps us alive. Human communication is vital to our well-being. When we gain new knowledge, we grow inevitably. We start asking different questions and expand our horizons. Sharing perspectives, comments, ideas with the people around us is what makes us human.
6. Surround Yourself with Complainers
Jim Rohn once said, "You are the average of the five people you spend the most time with." So, surround yourself with complainers and see where that takes you. I'm pretty sure that you'll soon realize that pessimism and unkind attitudes are not exactly what you're looking for. These people are infectious, and you know it.
To develop rightfully, you need loving people by your side – people who'll support you through both Heaven and Hell. Make this mistake to understand what you actually need, but don't ever go back! Do a general cleaning of your list of friends, will you?
Subscribe To Our Newsletter
Meaningful articles and readings. One email a week. That's it!


text:
- This event has passed.
Seventh Annual Members' Show
Saturday, July 9, 2022, 10:00 am - 5:00 pmFree
"This exhibition is an appreciation of the visual artists in our community and neighboring communities who are involved with the universal process of creating. This year, the largest number of members ever are participating in the event," says Norma Cohen, who serves on the Spencertown Academy Curatorial Committee. "We believe this to be a reflection of the care we give to curating this space, the attention we give to the artists who show their work here, and to the enthusiastic audiences who come to view these exhibits. We are delighted to have artwork that is multimedia. These include paintings in oil, acrylic, gouache, and watercolor; oil and chalk pastels; graphite, digital art, ceramics, wood working, collage and photography. In addition, the use of color and style in all media is varied and exciting."
The artists featured in the Members' Art Show include Susan Anthony (Hillsdale, NY), Fern Apfel (Kinderhook, NY), Leslie Baum (Ancram, NY), Deborah Berlin (Stuyvesant, NY), Jill Berman (Ghent, NY), Arlene Boehm (Hudson, NY), Corinne Brennen (Albany, NY), Giovanni Caligaris (Spencertown, NY), William Case (Spencertown, NY), Mary Chandler (Fairfield, CT), Judith Church (Copake, NY), Jennifer Clark (Great Barrington, MA), Norma Cohen (Canaan, NY), Alice Constantine (Canaan, NY), Maria Crespo (Philmont, NY), Jameson Currier (Valatie, NY), Keith Davidson (South Egremont, MA), Mary Davidson (South Egremont, MA), Jeffrey DeLisle (Spencertown, NY), Christian Dewailly (Ghent, NY), Elizabeth DiPalma (Chatham, NY), Meryl Enerson (East Chatham, NY), Diane Fader (Valatie, NY), Bruce Felton (New York, NY), Melissa Forbes (Philmont, NY ), Jerry Freedner (Valatie, NY), Douglas Freeman (Ghent, NY), Meryl Freeman (Ghent, NY), Leslie Gabosh (Spencertown, NY), Adrienne Gans (East Chatham, NY), Douglas Gilbert (Williamstown, MA ), Gail Giles (Chatham, NY), Rae Gilson (New Lebanon, NY), Robin Guthridge (North Chatham, NY), Jamie Hankin (Kinderhook, NY), Eden Hart (Catskill, NY), David Highfill (Spencertown, NY), Karen Hummel (Stuyvesant, NY), Elain Khosrova (Chatham, NY), Alan R. Knight (Duanesburg, NY), Barbara Lax Kranz (Chatham, NY), Kelly Kynion (Spencertown, NY), David Lesako (Ghent, NY), Tina Lincer (Loudonville, NY), Ellen Lynch (Stuyvesant, NY), Allison Marchese (Old Chatham, NY), Janet McDermott (Spencertown, NY), Alice McGowan (South Egremont, MA), Sherry Meeks (Ghent, NY), Suzanne Michael (East Chatham, NY), Jack Millard (Chatham, NY), Jan Moseman (East Chatham, NY ), Wendy Moss (Claverack, NY), Zach Neven (Ghent, NY), Bob Newman (Spencertown, MY), Wendy Noyes (Great Barrington, MA), Moira O'Grady (Spencertown, NY), Nancy O'Hara (Germantown, NY), Clarke Olsen (Spencertown, NY), Marilyn Orner (South Egremont, MA), Andrew Pellettieri (Kinderhook, NY), Eileen Rice (East Chatham, NY), Lee Rogers (Great Barrington, MA ), Steve Rosenzweig (Hudson, NY), Susan Roth (Ancram, New York), Julia Johnson Rothenberg (Canaan, NY), Lynn Rothenberg (Nassau, NY), Renee Samuels (Woodstock, NY), Anita Schermerhorn (Nassau, NY), Joel Schiller (Chatham, NY), Jody Schoenfeld (Valatie, NY), Gerald Seligman (Spencertown, NY), Cecelia Sinclair (Hudson, NY), Sarah Sterling (Hudson, NY), Audrie Sturman (Slingerlands , NY), Ron Toelke (Old Chatham, NY), Willard Ulmer (Chatham, NY), DeeAnn Veeder (Spencertown, NY), Vivian Wachsberger (Kinderhook, NY), Neal Warshaw (Chatham, NY), Kenneth Weinberg (Old Chatham, NY), Steven Wildermuth (Ghent, NY), and Mike Zdeb (Chatham, NY).
Admission is free and most of the artworks are for sale; a portion of the proceeds benefits the Academy.


text:
Price £4.00
Crisp Basket Divider 30cm
Product 13/16
There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to Write a review.
Cookie ControlWe would like to place cookies on your computer to help us make this website more user-friendly.
By using our site you accept the terms of our Privacy Policy.


text:
Where do the plants in our garden come from? How did plants get from the heights of the Himalayan mountains, or the Appalachian mountains, to our gardens?
It would be hard to count the number of plants in our gardens that were first seen by the intrepid explorers of the last three centuries. John Bartram (1699-1777) of Philadelphia was possibly the first American botanist and plant hunter.
Bartram was a farmer with little formal education, but he was always interested in medicine and medicinal plants. In addition to his regular farm crops he began keeping a garden of plants that he found interesting. From that modest beginning he created a nursery and went on plant hunting trips first in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, later he went on to Virginia and the uncharted Appalachian mountains. Later still he traveled in Florida. Everywhere he went he collected seeds, nuts and cones that he could send to Peter Collinson, a wealthy British merchant, the man who introduced beautiful American plants to the nobility who were in the process of improving their estates. Our American natives were England's desired exotics.
The business Bartram and Collinson embarked upon was amazingly successful in part because with Collinson's advice Bartram devised a way of shipping seeds across the ocean so that they would still be viable when they arrived. One of the problems Bartram had was that he did not know the names of the interesting plants he was passing along, because he had no botanical education. The two men worked out a system so that Collinson could identify the seeds and thus request more of specific varieties from Bartram.
It is amazing to me that while his botanical education was limited at first, he ultimately became expert in shipping seeds and even plants, and learned Carl Linnaeus' new binomial naming system, becoming a great proponent of that system.
The British fell in love with native plants like magnolias, azaleas, mountain laurel, and rhododendrons as well as sugar maples, viburnums and sumacs which gave them beautiful autumn color. They planted these on a mammoth scale, sometimes creating whole forests.
In 1765 Bartram sent King George III a box of his most special seeds. It was received with such pleasure that Bartram was named the King's Botanist, a title he treasured.
Of course, this was a time when relations between the colonies and England were becoming strained by events like the passing of the Stamp Act which put a tax on paper, used for everything from newspapers, and legal documents to playing cards. It was fortunate for Bartram that Americans were becoming wealthy enough to think about their own gardens, giving Bartram a new market.
Bartram's two sons, William and John Jr., continued to maintain the garden their father had created, and the business, sending plants and seeds around the world. Some of the plants named in the family's honor include Amelanchier bartramiana and Commersonia bartramia. Amelanchier is our familiar shadblow or serviceberry tree, while the Commersonia is an Australian tree.
Bartram's Garden remains a fascinating public garden to this day.
Ernest Henry Wilson (1876-1930) later known as Chinese Wilson, was British and as a young man he worked in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. In 1898 James Veitch of the Veitch and Sons nursery asked Kew for a likely young man to send to China to find and bring back plants for the nursery. Wilson was recommended and chosen. For his first trip to China his assignment was to find and bring home seeds of the dove tree, Davidia involucrata. On his way to China he stopped at the Arnold Arboretum in Boston with a letter of introduction to Director Charles Sprague Sargent to learn the best ways to ship plants and seeds safely.
That meeting was the beginning of a long relationship with Sargent and the Arnold Arboretum. Sargent insisted that Wilson carry with him a large format field camera. The Arboretum now owns thousands of the photographs Wilson took in China.
On that first trip he did acquire seeds of the dove tree first, but continued on for two years collecting hundreds of species of plants, as well as hundreds of herbarium samples which he brought back to England in 1902.
He continued to work for Veitch and made a second trip to China under their auspices. In 1906 he made his third trip to China under the auspices of the Arnold Arboretum. It was on this trip that there was a landslide that crushed his leg. He made a splint out of his camera tripod and was carried for three days to a hospital. He recovered, but ever after had a limp that he called his lily limp because the Lilium regale, the Easter lily, was his great find on that trip.
By his own count Wilson brought back 25 rose species from China. This is particular interest to rose gardeners today because native Chinese roses have the ever blooming. gene.
He made a fourth trip for the Arboretum and later, in 1914 he began a study of Japanese plants including conifers, Kurume azaleas and Japanese cherries.
Wilson went on other travels, but in 1927, after Sargent's death, he became Keeper of the Arnold Arboretum. His career was cut short when he and his wife were killed in an automobile accident in Worcester, Massachusetts.
Without plant hunters like these over the centuries, and continuing today, the flowers and plants available to us would be greatly limited. We are fortunate to be able to reap the benefits of their adventure and their passion.
Between the Rows February 23, 2013


text:
All-in-one OPC Server With Maximum Protocol Scope Via TCP/IP and H1 (Included in Former INAT Multi-Protocol OPC Server)
The TCP/IP-H1 OPC Server offers uniform access to the leading controllers of the companies Siemens, Rockwell Automation, Schneider Electric or Mitsubishi. This high-performance OPC Server is easy to configure and offers a wide variety of diagnostic capabilities.
Everything at a Glance
- Functionality based on customer requirements
- Ethernet protocol dependent on controllers and field devices
- Reliable communication with control system
Application Area
- Heterogeneous networks with controllers and devices from a wide variety of different manufacturers
- Support of standard TCP/IP, Sinec H1, various serial protocols
- Increased investment protection for integration of existing systems
- High-performance protocol for transmission of large amounts of data via OPC
- No limit to number of connected controllers and variables
- High degree of reliability for all OPC Clients with OPC interface V1.x and V2.05
- Easy to commission via symbolic addressing (Alias Browsing)
- Easy symbol import directly from STEP 7 project
- Increased availability due to continuous line monitoring and extensive communication diagnostics
- SNMP access to devices of different vendors via MIB Import and SNMP Browse
Drivers & Software
Manuals & Documentation
Data Sheets
Additional Products and Services
Scope of Delivery


text:
by Noire Lin
Becoming a dad changed Michael Wang's life.
"It's a lot different now with my own family. Before the suburbs, the city —everything — I never truly had the perspective of, 'Oh shoot, this is someone's child. This could be my own child,'" Wang said in an interview with The ChiArts Doublespace.
Wang, who didn't want to give his age, is the principal at The Chicago High School for the Arts (ChiArts), a job he has done for nine years. By the time he heard about ChiArts, Wang had already been working in the education field for three years. He revealed that he had been looking for a job closer to the city when he learned that ChiArts was hiring and immediately became drawn to the culture of arts the school promoted and their mission.
"I just sat down at the table with Ms. Boyer Brown and said, 'Hi. I'm Mike Wang, and I love teaching.' I was already exhausted from all the other interviews I had that day and was just brutally honest," Wang said. "I was just all for that type of community and the kids and how unique of a mission that ChiArts had to increase diversity in art that I was just like, 'Let's talk.'"
Even before Wang began as a Biology teacher at ChiArts, he was working towards his M.D. in Education. However, not long after he began teaching at ChiArts, he felt burnt out by the overall structure of the science and social studies department. In the past, science and social studies teachers taught every single freshman and followed the block schedule strictly without a free period.
"It got to the point where in the back of my head, I was like, 'Y'know, if I was in charge … What could I do?'" Wang said. "I don't think people understand how restrictive a bell schedule can be and how much it's like the bell dictates when you pee and when you could sit down, y'know?"
Back at the previous ChiArts building on 35th Street, Wang held what he described as a "pseudo-administrative" job that included general office work, supervising at the freshmen-only campus and therapy for the students. When the rumor of ChiArts making the move to its current home on Augusta Boulevard rose, Wang became concerned about whether or not he could continue in an administrative-like job. The school's executive director, José Ochoa, reassured him that he would be just fine.
In 2016, ChiArts set out to find a new principal after the previous one left. Ochoa approached Wang to ask if he would like to serve as interim principal for the time being as they sorted through potential candidates — actually, Wang himself was on the search list. Ochoa asked if he would also like to have some time to think about the offer.
He said he didn't need any time at all.
"I told him that, 'I want to do this. This school is my home, these people are my family — this school is something I want to take care of,'" Wang said.
There are many restrictions to the decisions made within the ChiArts administration. The Board of Directors must evaluate the long-term benefits of any major decision and whether or not the community needed them above other proposals. Being on the official side of administration now, Wang said that he reflected on his past thoughts about change within the system.
"A lot of old ideas that I had as a teacher? They were bad ideas. Well, I shouldn't say bad. Ethically, they were good ideas. But being a teacher, you only see one side of things, y'know? You don't always see the physical limitations and restrictions on the administration as a teacher — really, just the politics of it all aren't seen," Wang stated.
A new campaign in the works is "Compassionate ChiArts." The campaign is grounded in understanding a student's background and how it applies to their school experience; using compassion, ChiArts can better aid students in their journey through high school.
Wang said that it has always been important to address racism and trauma, and to tie everything together through the ChiArts core values, but the Compassionate ChiArts initiative is working towards narrowing what needs to be done and what angle it can be done from. It'll be a long journey in gathering statistics and overall data from the ChiArts community, but the bigger picture is worth the possibility of ChiArts becoming that much more inclusive, Wang said.
"From the moment that you walk in to the moment where you walk across the stage at Harris Theatre, we are working towards making your journey easier," Wang said. "I hope that we are building a culture — a community — that self-actualizes mutual respect for each other as artists and people that come from different backgrounds."


text:
Manufacturers of the substances in, or Importers into, the EU who have to submit a registration dossier for their substance with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) as required by REACH must collect a significant amount of technical information concerning the intrinsic properties of substances and may have to perform a number of complicated tests. For the purposes of registration, REACH requires Pre-Registrants to share the data held or developed.
SIEFs are formed to share information among Manufacturers and Importers of the same "phase-in" substances, as well as allowing participation of Downstream Users and other stakeholders to prevent duplicate testing, especially on vertebrate animals. SIEFs are virtual platforms formed online for communication purposes in order to achieve the joint registration of the substance and share the data.
As a service to its members and to the tungsten industry as a whole, the International Tungsten Industry Association (ITIA) set up a Tungsten Consortium for select tungsten substances to assist the industry to comply with the REACH regulation and to prepare the registration technical dossiers. SIEF members for those substances can join the Consortium if they wish.


text:
Handwritten Recipe on Casserole Dish - Custom Handwritten Recipe on 9" x 13" Casserole Dish and Printed Lid Pyrex
Surprise your loved one with a homemade casserole dish that has a full recipe added to the bottom of the casserole dish, the recipe can be typed out in the personalization section and a font may be selected, or you have the option of adding a handwritten recipe to the bottom of the dish, you would then select the "Handwritten" option and email us your recipe to: email@example.com and then your handwritten recipe becomes a family favorite heirloom that can never ever be lost and etched permanently onto the bottom of the casserole dish.
A clear 9"x13" inch rectangle Pyrex casserole dish that be custom printed with laser printed recipe etching onto the bottom of the casserole dish. The 9" x 13" casserole dish now comes with the red sealed lids as shown in the picture, this lid can is custom printed, please enter your text for the lid in the drop down menu. The recipe and font engraving will appear on the very bottom of the casserole dish (not the bottom inside) as to not interfere with any of the food contents added to the inside of the casserole dish. Laser etching is a type of engraving directly on glass and does use any type of chemicals or ink enhancers. You can also choose to add the lid printing engraving / etching with the same or different pattern for additional.
Upon purchase, in the NOTE to SELLER section please indicate if you would like a proof sent to your email.
CUSTOM HANDWRITTEN RECIPE: We can create a custom recipe hand written with a person's hand written recipe on a recipe card or paper. Then please email us a copy of your recipe to firstname.lastname@example.com. A clear image will be required and taken with a white background is best. Please try to take the photograph image directly above the recipe cards and avoid taking the picture on an angle. A final proof will be sent prior to printing your handwritten recipe. We keep your artwork on file and this can be also be used and added to other products we have such as pie plate, pyrex bowls, cutting boards and serving platters, and glass plates. If you selected a handwritten recipe then your casserole dish comes with a printed lid. The last picture illustrates the recipe cards that were sent to us and then we applied them to the glass casserole dish.
Clear 9"x 13" inch Pyrex casserole dish features:
•Unique gift for wedding, birthday, Christmas, anniversary, or any chef you know and adore!
•Size of casserole dish is 9" x 13" / Pyrex
•Add your own custom recipe to the bottom of the dish or a handwritten recipe, dishwasher safe both the product item and custom etching
•Choose your own font style for the custom printed lid.


text:
21 Aug Diabetes – The Silent Killer
The Silent Killer
Very often we come across people who have increased urge for water and food and have more frequency of going to the toilet. These problems are often ignored and many individuals are unaware that these symptoms can be due to a well known medical condition called "Diabetes". Affecting more than 371 million people worldwide, Diabetes is a global challenge, both for the physicians as well as patients.
According to the estimates of the International Diabetes Federation, at least half of the people with Diabetes do not know that they have it. China tops the list and our country Pakistan also with 6.6 million affected souls, has the tenth highest Diabetic population in the world.
The situation is alarming and demands development of strategies at the global level with increased emphasis on preventive medicine and primary care.
It is not for uncommon for people to argue about the rational for treating Diabetes and many affected individuals who initially have no symptoms just pay a deaf ear to any advice that demand changes in their lifestyle or use of medicines. "I am alright"!!! what's the matter if your lab results show a reading of blood glucose level that you consider abnormal?? This is a frequently encountered scenario by the treating physicians and what may be considered as "mere treatments of reports" is of very much value in the long term.
The justification is that Diabetes is known to affect all major organs of the body. If left untreated, it can affect the heart and blood vessels, eyes, nerves, teeth and kidneys. According to estimates, each year this silent killer is responsible for 4.8 million deaths worldwide.
Cardiovascular complications can be fatal as they can leads to heart attacks and strokes. Nerve damage can give rise to many types of symptoms like pain, burning and tingling sensation in the extremities and there may also be loss of sensation. Loss of feeling is particularly important as it can allow injuries to go unnoticed and can lead to serious infections and possible amputations.
Diabetes also affects the eyes and most people with Diabetes develop some form of eye disease that results in reduced vision. Regular eye checks and control of blood glucose and cholesterol are very essential to prevent it.
Another major organ that is commonly affected by Diabetes is the kidney. In the long term, Diabetic kidney disease, also known as Diabetic Nephropathy, is a serious complication. High blood glucose levels and high blood pressure can damage kidneys resulting in decrease functioning or even complete failure. Of all people who have Diabetes at least 33% develop kidney damage after 15 years but good control and regular screening can delay or even prevent this complication.
The basic function of kidney is to filter blood and remove waste materials in the form of urine. In people with Diabetes, the high blood glucose level damages the small vessels of kidneys and can impair their ability to filter. The earliest sign is presence of a protein called "albumin" in urine. In the early stage the condition is called "microalbumiuria" and as the disease progresses it leads to a condition called "proteinuria".Without treatment the kidneys will eventually fail which makes a person dependant on dialysis. The only option to avoid dialysis at this stage is to perform a kidney transplant. The physicians recommend regular screening for presence of microalbumin in urine and also check level of creatinine. (The increasing levels of creatinine in blood are a marker of decreasing kidney function)
To prevent kidney damage, all people with Diabetes must:
·Keep their blood pressure in normal range. (the target levels are to maintain it below 130/80)
·Keep their blood glucose at target.
·Avoid smoking.
·Make exercise a routine, vigorous activity is not required, simply 30 minutes of walk per day is sufficient.
·Avoid self medication as certain over the counter available pain killer can harm the kidneys.
·Follow a healthy meal plan.
·Attend their treating physician regularly and as advised.
In short, early diagnosis and proper management of Diabetes can help prevent or delay complications and this can reduce the mortality and morbidity from this incurable but treatable disease.


text:
I think I could start every blog the same. It might get a little boring. But it would go like this "Today was a crazy day!"
So, I'll start this one this way and think of something new next time.
Today was a crazy day! Our alarm clocks were out of sorts this morning and we all barely made it to church on time. I go early to rehearse with the band. I made it, but was barely on time because I stopped for a latte. I needed it more today than usual!
The Els ate chocolate gluten free cupcakes for breakfast. I didn't see them, but I saw the evidence on an empty plate after church.
I made a pretty big lunch for us. Not unusual, but I was really tired and found it hard to stand in the kitchen. By lunchtime I was ready for a nap. And I laid down on the couch and took one. I took a nap! That's very unusual!
After my naptime, Trinity had prepared a performance for us complete with props and original songs. Bakri watched with us and Maddux and Leeland joined in to entertain us.
Next, we had break time so I could start laundry. Then, we walked to a neighborhood block party. This is where it gets interesting and, no, I don't have pictures.
It began to lightly rain.
We had no umbrella and decided we should go home.
It rained.
It poured.
And poured.
All the way home. 2 longish blocks.
We got completely and totally soaked.
We sang. We danced. We splashed. We laughed. It was fun. Really fun. A family first for us.
It reminds me of our sermon at Apostles this morning. We talked a little about missing moments. This was one we didn't set out to experience. But, in our crazy busy lives, it is one that I'm so glad we didn't miss today.