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- Key People:
- John Cotton
- John Owen
- François Lambert
- Thomas Goodwin
- Related Topics:
- Protestantism
- religious movement
Congregationalism, Christian movement that arose in England in the late 16th and 17th centuries. It occupies a theological position somewhere between Presbyterianism and the more radical Protestantism of the Baptists and Quakers. It emphasizes the right and responsibility of each properly organized congregation to determine its own affairs, without having to submit these decisions to the judgment of any higher human authority, and as such it eliminated bishops and presbyteries. Each individual church is regarded as independent and autonomous.
Although it was not always true in the early days in America, Congregationalists have generally been distrustful of state establishment of religion and have worked for civil and religious liberty. Their emphasis on the rights of the particular congregation and on freedom of conscience arose from their strong convictions concerning the sovereignty of God and the priesthood of all believers. This attitude has led many of them to adopt theological and social liberalism and to participate in the ecumenical movement.
Congregationalists were originally called Independents, as they still are in Welsh-speaking communities. Forming first in Britain and the United States, Congregationalism in the 20th century moved into other countries and formed united churches with other denominations throughout the world.
The "Congregational way" became prominent in England during the 17th-century Civil Wars, but its origins lie in 16th-century Separatism. Robert Browne has been regarded as the founder of Congregationalism, though he was an erratic character and Congregational ideas emerged independently of him. His beliefs were advanced by the Separatists (those advocating separation from rather than reform of the Church of England), many of whom were severely persecuted under Elizabeth I; three of them—John Greenwood, Henry Barrow, and John Penry—suffered martyrdom. A group of Separatists settled in Holland to escape persecution; some of its members later set sail for the New World on the Mayflower in 1620.
At the time of the Long Parliament (1640–53), many exiles returned to England, and the Independents, as they were then called, became increasingly active. They were particularly influential in the army because of their association with Oliver Cromwell. They moved away from the Presbyterians, with whom they had initially cooperated, drawing closer to the Baptists and the Fifth Monarchy Men (a Puritan millennialist sect). Their influence reached its peak during the Commonwealth in the 1650s, when their leaders, Hugh Peter, John Owen, and Thomas Goodwin, held positions of eminence. After Cromwell's death in 1658, however, they were unable to hold the country together, and in the confused period before the recall of King Charles II in 1660 their political influence collapsed.
The advent of Charles II was a disaster for Congregationalists, and the Act of Uniformity of 1662 was the first of several attempts to root them out of English life. "Black Bartholomew"—St. Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1662, when some 2,000 Protestant ministers who denied the authority of the Church of England were ejected from their posts—was a great turning point in the history of English Dissent. Although Nonconformists were subjected to severe persecution, John Owen and others produced important works on Congregational belief; John Milton produced his greatest poems; and John Bunyan, though associated more with the Baptists, imprinted some of the characteristic religious attitudes of the Dissenters on the English consciousness.
The accession of William and Mary in 1688 and the consequent Toleration Act of 1689 assured the survival of Congregationalists, though they still faced civil disabilities. Their situation worsened during the reign of Queen Anne (1702–14). The Occasional Conformity Act (1711) forbade Dissenters from qualifying for public office by occasionally taking Communion at the Anglican parish church, and the Schism Act (1714) was directed against their schools. The death of Anne in 1714, before the Schism Act could be fully implemented, was considered providential by the Dissenters. They supported the new regime of George I (1714–27) and the Whig ascendancy, and for the next 50 years they enjoyed modest prosperity. Most of them belonged to the economically independent sections of society and lived in London and the older provincial towns.
In the 17th and 18th centuries Congregationalists were especially active in education. During the reign of Charles II (1660–85), Dissenters had been debarred from the universities, and many ejected ministers started small schools and colleges called academies such as Manchester Academy and New Hackney College. Their curricula, influenced by the educational theories of Francis Bacon and John Amos Comenius, were more in tune to the needs of everyday life than those of the universities, and they were the precursors of many later educational developments.
As the 17th century waned, religious zeal declined and rationalism became more influential. Deism and Arianism (a heresy denying the divinity of Christ) were widespread, the latter especially among the Presbyterians, some of whom adopted Unitarianism. Congregationalism did not go the same way, largely because of the influence of Philip Doddridge, minister of Northampton, who was a theologian, pastor, social reformer, educationist, and author of the devotional classic The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul (1745).
In the early 18th century, Congregationalism was profoundly influenced by the rise of Methodism and the Evangelical Revival (c. 1750–1815). Many ministers were deeply affected by the revival, and many people were inspired by Methodist preaching to join Congregational churches. Thus the great evangelist George Whitefield had close relations with Congregationalism, and many of the churches founded by Selina Hastings, countess of Huntingdon, a leading figure in the revival, have had a long-standing connection with Congregationalism. By 1815 Congregationalism had been reshaped by the Evangelical Revival, especially in the developing industrial areas of Lancashire and Yorkshire.
The outstanding result of the Evangelical Revival in Congregationalism was the founding of the Missionary Society (1795), later named the London Missionary Society (1818). Its purpose was not necessarily to spread Congregationalism but to proclaim "the glorious gospel of the blessed God," leaving the new churches to determine their own form. Although it has always received support from Congregational churches, the London Missionary Society joined with two other missionary societies in 1977 to form the Council for World Mission of the United Reformed Church. These societies have established churches in Africa, Madagascar, India, China, Papua New Guinea, and on islands in the South Pacific. Many of these churches are now united in wider bodies, the most notable of which is the Church of South India.
The first half of the 19th century was a period of expansion and consolidation for Congregationalism. Many poorer people joined the churches, and a new political and social radicalism emerged. Voluntarism, which opposed state support of denominational education, and the Liberation Society, which advocated disestablishment, found widespread support. The Congregational Union of England and Wales, which linked the churches in a national organization, was founded in 1832, and the Colonial (later the Commonwealth) Missionary Society, which promoted Congregationalism in the English-speaking colonies, was established in 1836.
Congregational churches shared fully in the civil life and prosperity of the Victorian era. Many new buildings were erected, often in ambitious Gothic style. The churches' association with the Liberal Party was greatly strengthened, and the restrictions against Dissenters were steadily removed. Thriving churches in new suburbs developed into hives of social, philanthropic, and educational activity, and their ministers deeply influenced public life. Although the picture of the philistine Dissenters drawn by the poet and critic Matthew Arnold in Culture and Anarchy (1869) contains a measure of truth, it underestimates the zeal for self-improvement and the desire for a richer life that existed in Victorian Congregationalism.
The Liberal victory of 1906 represented the peak of the social and political influence of Congregationalism. After that, Congregational churches shared in the institutional decline of most British churches, but they continued to show theological and cultural vitality. In October 1972 the majority of English Congregationalists and Presbyterians united to form the new United Reformed Church, which was joined in 1981 by the Churches of Christ, the small British counterpart of the American Disciples of Christ.


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General Motors plans to bring production of its recently announced BrightDrop EV600 electric light commercial vehicle to its CAMI manufacturing plant in Ingersoll, Ontario.
Production plans are subject to ratification of a tentative 2021 agreement reached with Unifor and confirmation of government support, the automaker said. The nearly $800 million investment will support GM's timing to deliver BrightDrop EV600 in late 2021. The investment will enable GM to convert CAMI into Canada's first large-scale electric delivery vehicles manufacturing plant.
Work will begin immediately to transform the CAMI plant. This will support jobs and transform work at the plant over the next two years from the Chevrolet Equinox to production of EV600s, serving the growing North American electric delivery solutions market.
BrightDrop is an all-new business within GM offering commercial customers an ecosystem of connected and electrified products and services designed to improve the delivery of goods and services from the first to last mile, GM said. It aims to help B2B customers reduce cost of ownership, improve productivity and safety, and improve their carbon footprints and sustainability efforts. Its initial products include the EP1 electric e-pallet, a software platform for fleet and asset management, and the EV600 light commercial vehicle that will expand the Ultium platform to commercial vehicles.
The new CAMI investments build upon other recent GM investments in Canada, including the recently announced nearly $1.03 billion Oshawa Assembly Pickup investments; an $86 million product and $22 million Renewable Energy Cogeneration project at St. Catharines; a nearly $135 million investment in an after-market parts operation in Oshawa; expansion of GM's Canadian Technology Center, including investments in the new 55-acre CTC McLaughlin Advanced Technology Track; and GM Canada's ongoing work in Oshawa to manufacture 10 million face masks for the Government of Canada.
GM Canada is engaged in discussion with the Ontario and federal governments regarding its new investments and looks forward to working closely with Unifor following ratification of the tentative 2021 agreement.
Originally posted on Automotive Fleet
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Posted in Cosmetic DentistryPosted on July, 9 2015 by G Marlin
Tooth Enamel Erosion: Causes and Treatment
Dr. Marlin takes a strong interest in providing ongoing education on oral and dental health for his patients, and as part of this effort writes articles which are published in the dental health resource, Your Dental Health Resource Magazine.
We would like to share a new article by Dr. Marlin: Tooth Enamel Erosion: Causes and Treatment
The enamel surface of our teeth is strong; in fact, it is the strongest substance in our bodies. Despite this fact, tooth decay is still a problem for many people as every time we eat, our tooth enamel is weakened. Although tooth enamel has the capability to rebuild itself, the typical American diet of sugar and starchy foods can do more damage to enamel than nature ever intended. Many knowledgeable dentists stress the importance of fluoride as fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and decreases the risk of tooth decay. In addition to incorporating appropriate amounts of fluoride into your dental health routine, there are other ways to prevent enamel erosion and tooth decay that involve diet and proper oral hygiene.
Sugar and starches on the teeth will eventually turn to acid if they are not cleaned properly. Some foods contain acid, even those that are healthy for us such as citrus fruits and many vegetables. Eating a healthy diet and brushing and flossing your teeth regularly are essential to keeping your tooth enamel strong, as well as preventing the buildup of bacteria that can lead to gum disease. You can help to wash away acids after eating by drinking water after meals and not brushing your teeth immediately. Immediately after meals, enamel is rebuilding and can be damaged further if you brush within 20 minutes or so after eating, so save the brushing until a bit later.
Sometimes tooth enamel is damaged by factors that we can't control, such as illness. Acid reflux disease, dry mouth, and vomiting are some of the health issues that can cause such tooth destruction. It is also beneficial to be cautious of medications and vitamins as there are some that contain high levels of acid (such as aspirin and Vitamin C).
With all of the acid in even healthy diets, it is impossible to prevent your tooth enamel from eroding. This is why nature designed the re-mineralization process to properly rebuild enamel and maintain a healthy smile. Although our bodies assist us in our oral health care, human nature and lifestyle choices make it necessary to give nature a helping hand in keeping our teeth strong. Brushing with fluoride toothpaste twice a day and flossing at least once a day, limiting sweets and seeing the dentist for checkups twice a year are the best things you can do to prevent enamel erosion and other oral health problems.
When tooth decay does occur, fillings, crowns and other dental restorations can rebuild a damaged tooth to restore its strength and prevent the decay from spreading. If you would like to learn more about tooth enamel and how to prevent erosion that leads to cavities and tooth decay, call our Chevy Chase dental office for an appointment today.


text: RFS introduces the industry's most compact and lightest 3ft antennas January 28, 2014 Radio Frequency Systems 0 Comments Radio Frequency Systems (RFS), the global wireless and broadcast infrastructure specialist, announced the addition of new 3ft options to its portfolio of CompactLine® EASY microwave antennas that will enable customers to better overcome the challenges of microwave backhaul and ultimately reduce TCO. Engineered to provide high performance in a light, compact, easy-to-deploy package, the new SC3/SCX3 series CompactLine EASY microwave antennas are more than 20 percent lighter than competing products on the market. Read More


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Garden Rooms are a great alternative for Musical/recording studios. With a full acoustic upgrade available on all models. This Music room measures 3m x 4m with a concave finsih. Anthracite grey windows and doors compliment a model look. The structure is finished with a 1m hardwood decking to the front. Internally the structure is finsihed with a commerical grade laminate flooring and plasterboard skim finish. Our Acoustic upgrade consists for 100mm acoustic slab, 50mm high density foam, with 12mm double plasterboard. Earthwool upgrade to ceiling aswell as a kingspan system has been used. 25mm Selex was usedneath the laminate flooring, prior to the laminate.
"Had a fantastic room built by the good people at Bridge. Easy to deal with, good service and built to my exact specifications; it's all worked out really rather well. Now all I've got to do if landscape the garden and downsize all my office rubbish away and it will look fantastic as well."Patrick Regan
Our Latest Garden Room Builds


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"The OMPA was created for the purpose of providing an adequate, reliable, and affordable supply of electrical power and energy to Oklahoma's municipally owned electric systems. We chose OK Tech to develop a new billing program that would meet our needs going forward in the new millennium. Over the course of 12 months, OK Tech worked with OMPA staff to successfully deliver a mission-critical application that OMPA financial personnel rely on every month to manage the billing cycle for their customers."
"RACK59 is a Tier 3 Co-Location Data Center located in Oklahoma City. We chose OK Tech to manage our internal Information Technology systems and assist with SOC certification. OK Tech technicians work with RACK59 personnel and systems on a daily and weekly basis to keep our data center running smooth, 24x7x365."
"OK Tech has been very helpful for our Company. We have been using OK Tech for about 3–4 years. Their techs are very good about helping you with any problems that you might have with entering data. I'm 'old school' and it is a lot easier than the 'old school' way I was doing weekly reports and invoices."


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Wednesday, May 20, 2015 at 6:30pm
3 Orange County locations:
City of Irvine City Hall in Irvine, California
Third Location
Join bicyclists across America who take time to remember fellow riders killed or injured on the nation's highways. A slow easy ride in silence with opportunity to gather socially at the end. Please join us.
For more information, Sellin.com/silence


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Historical Reprints Science Other Worlds
SciFi author Garrett P. Serviss' works.... simple science fiction or prophecy? Many topics Serviss wrote about as fiction have been proven as scientific facts since his passing from our world.
From the Preface
Shall we measure the councils of heaven by the narrow impotence of human faculties, or conceive that silence and solitude reign throughout the mighty empire of nature?
The point of view of this book is human interest in the other worlds around us. It presents the latest discoveries among the planets of the solar system, and shows their bearing upon the question of life in those planets. It points out the resemblances and the differences between the earth and the other worlds that share with it in the light of the sun. It shows what we should see and experience if we could visit those worlds.
While basing itself upon facts, it does not exclude the discussion of interesting probabilities and theories that have commanded wide popular attention. It points out, for instance, what is to be thought of the idea of interplanetary communication. It indicates what must be the outlook of the possible inhabitants of some of the other planets toward the earth. As far as may be, it traces the origin and development of the other worlds of our system, and presents a graphic picture of their present condition as individuals, and of their wonderful contrasts as members of a common family.
In short, the aim of the author has been to show how wide, and how rich, is the field of interest opened to the human mind by man's discoveries concerning worlds, which, though inaccessible to him in a physical sense, offer intellectual conquests of the noblest description.
And, finally, in order to assist those who may wish to recognize for themselves these other worlds in the sky, this book presents a special series of charts to illustrate a method of finding the planets which requires no observatory and no instruments, and only such knowledge of the starry heavens as anybody can easily acquire.
Other worlds and their inhabitants are remarkably popular subjects of speculation at the present time. Every day we hear people asking one another if it is true that we shall soon be able to communicate with some of the far-off globes, such as Mars, that circle in company with our earth about the sun. One of the masters of practical electrical science in our time has suggested that the principle of wireless telegraphy may be extended to the transmission of messages across space from planet to planet. The existence of intelligent inhabitants in some of the other planets has become, with many, a matter of conviction, and for everybody it presents a question of fascinating interest, which has deeply stirred the popular imagination.
The importance of this subject as an intellectual phenomenon of the opening century is clearly indicated by the extent to which it has entered into recent literature. Poets feel its inspiration, and novelists and romancers freely select other planets as the scenes of their stories. One tells us of a visit paid by men to the moon, and of the wonderful things seen, and adventures had, there. Lucian, it is true, did the same thing eighteen hundred years ago, but he had not the aid of hints from modern science to guide his speculations and lend verisimilitude to his narrative.
Another startles us from our sense of planetary security with a realistic account of the invasion of the earth by the terrible sons of warlike Mars, seeking to extend their empire by the conquest of foreign globes.
Sometimes it is a trip from world to world, a kind of celestial pleasure yachting, with depictions of creatures more wonderful than-
"The anthropophagi and men whose headsDo grow beneath their shoulders"-
that is presented to our imagination; and sometimes we are informed of the visions beheld by the temporarily disembodied spirits of trance mediums, or other modern thaumaturgists, flitting about among the planets.
Then, to vary the theme, we find charming inhabitants of other worlds represented as coming down to the earth and sojourning for a time on our dull planet, to the delight of susceptible successors of father Adam, who become, henceforth, ready to follow their captivating visitors to the ends of the universe.
In short, writers of fiction have already established interplanetary communication to their entire satisfaction, thus vastly and indefinitely enlarging the bounds of romance, and making us so familiar with the peculiarities of our remarkable brothers and sisters of Mars, Venus, and the moon, that we can not help feeling, notwithstanding the many divergences in the descriptions, that we should certainly recognize them on sight wherever we might meet them.
But the subject is by no means abandoned to the tellers of tales and the dreamers of dreams. Men of science, also, eagerly enter into the discussion of the possibilities of other worlds, and become warm over it.
Around Mars, in particular, a lively war of opinions rages. Not all astronomers have joined in the dispute-some have not imagination enough, and some are waiting for more light before choosing sides-but those who have entered the arena are divided between two opposed camps. One side holds that Mars is not only a world capable of having inhabitants, but that it actually has them, and that they have given visual proof of their existence and their intelligence through the changes they have produced upon its surface.
The other side maintains that Mars is neither inhabited nor habitable, and that what are taken for vast public works and engineering marvels wrought by its industrious inhabitants, are nothing but illusions of the telescope, or delusions of the observer's mind. Both adduce numerous observations, telescopic and spectroscopic, and many arguments, scientific and theoretic, to support their respective contentions, but neither side has yet been able to convince or silence the other, although both have made themselves and their views intensely interesting to the world at large, which would very much like to know what the truth really is.
Softcover, 8½" x 7", 175+ pages
Perfect-Bound- large print 14 point font
From the Preface


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He has gone down as one of the greatest Wildcat football players ever, but Mark Simoneau was not just a star at Kansas State. Instead, his college career is going to be heralded for all-time as one of the newest members of the College Football Hall of Fame.
Announced as part of the 2012 class yesterday, Simoneau released a statement through K-State to talk about what he calls an "unbelievable honor."
"This is truly an unbelievable honor for me, my family, the town of Smith Center and all of the K-State Nation," said Simoneau. "I want to thank Coaches Barta and Snyder and all of the coaching staffs over the years for instilling in each of us the resolve to be successful not only as football players but also as young men.
"There are so many friends and teammates that were influential in my development and more importantly the success of our teams during my time at K-State. Representing those teams from the 1990s that put K-State Football in the national spotlight and also being the first player under Coach Snyder to be elected to the Hall of Fame is truly humbling.
"As a small town kid from Smith Center, Kansas, I never could have dreamed of such an honor, but it shows that with hard work and a dream, anything is possible."
For all news and information regarding the Kansas State Wildcats, please visit Bring on the Cats.


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'Knackered' Ceramic MugLove British Lifestyle
Say it how you mean it! Our humorous range of British slang mugs will help you to get in touch with your feelings during your afternoon tea break. You may be feeling chuffed, a bit miffed, absolutely knackered or even a bit bonkers. Either way, these mugs will be enough to give you a little giggle as you open your cupboard doors.
ceramic 11oz


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Books / Digital Text
11. Money and Its Purchasing Power > 5. The Demand for Money > F. Hoarding and the Keynesian System
(1) Social Income, Expenditures, and Unemployment
To the great bulk of writers "hoarding"—an increase in the demand for money—has appeared an unmitigated catastrophe. The very word "hoarding" is a most inappropriate one to use in economics, since it is laden with connotations of vicious antisocial action. But there is nothing at all antisocial about either "hoarding" or "dishoarding." "Hoarding" is simply an increase in the demand for money, and the result of this change in valuations is that people get what they desire, i.e., an increase in the real value of their cash balances and of the monetary unit.11 Conversely, if the people desire a lowering of their real cash balances or in the value of the monetary unit, they may accomplish this through "dishoarding." No other significant economic relation—real income, capital structure, etc.—need be changed at all. The process of hoarding and dishoarding, then, simply means that people want something, either an increase or a decrease in their real cash balances or in the real value of the monetary unit, and that they are able to obtain this result. What is wrong with that? We see here simply another manifestation of consumers' or individuals' "sovereignty" on the free market.
Furthermore, there is no theoretical way of defining "hoarding" beyond a simple addition to one's cash balance in a certain period of time. Yet most writers use the term in a normative fashion, implying that there is some vague standard below which a cash balance is legitimate and above which it is antisocial and vicious. But any quantitative limit set on the demand-for-money schedule would be completely arbitrary and unwarranted.
One of the two major pillars of the Keynesian system (now happily beginning to wane after sweeping the economic world in the 1930's and 1940's) is the proclamation that savings become equal to investment only through the terrible route of a decline in social income. The (implicit) foundation of Keynesianism is the assertion that at a certain level of total social income, total social expenditures out of this income will be lower than income, the remainder going into hoards. This will lower total social income in the next period of time, since, as we have seen, total income in one "day" equals, and is determined by, total expenditures in the previous "day."
The Keynesian "consumption function" plays its part in establishing an alleged law that there exists a certain level of total income, say A, above which expenditures will be less than income (net hoarding), and below which expenditures will be greater than income (net dishoarding). But the basic Keynesian worry is hoarding, when total income must decline. This situation may be diagramed as in Figure 78.
In this graph, money income is plotted on both the horizontal and the vertical axes. Hence, a 45-degree straight line between the axes is equal to social income.12 To illustrate: A social income of 100 on the horizontal axis will correspond to, and equal, a social income of 100 on the vertical axis.
The coordinates of these figures will meet at a point equidistant between the two axes. The Keynesian law asserts social expenditures to be lower than social income above point A, and higher than social income below point A, so that A will be the equilibrium point for social income to equal expenditure. For if social income is higher than A, social expenditures will be lower than income, and income will therefore tend to decline from one day to the next until the equilibrium point A is reached. If social income is lower than A, dishoarding will occur, expenditures will be higher than income, until finally A is reached again.
Below, we shall investigate the validity of this alleged law and the "consumption function" on which it rests. But suppose that we now grant the validity of such a law; the only comment can be an impertinent: So what? What if there is a fall in the national income? Since the fall need only be in money terms, and real income, real capital, etc., may remain the same, why any alarm? The only change is that the hoarders have accomplished their objective of increasing their real cash balances and increasing the real value of the monetary unit. It is true that the picture is rather more complex for the transition process until equilibrium is reached, and this will be treated further below (although our final conclusion will be the same). But the Keynesian system attempts to establish the perniciousness of the equilibrium position, and this it cannot do.
Therefore, the elaborate attempts of the Keynesians to demonstrate that free-market expenditures will be limited—that consumption is limited by the "function," and investment by stagnation of opportunities and "liquidity preference"—are futile. For even if they were correct (which they are not), the result would be pointless. There is nothing wrong with hoarding or dishoarding, or with "low" or "high" levels (whatever that may mean) of social money income.
The Keynesian attempt to salvage meaning for their doctrine rests on one point and one point alone—the second major pillar of their system. This is the thesis that money social income and level of employment are correlated, and that the latter is a function of the former. This assumes that a certain "full employment" level of social income exists below which there is correspondingly greater unemployment. This can be diagramed as in Figure 79.
On the previous diagram is superimposed a vertical FF line, which represents the point of alleged "full-employment" social income. If the intersection A is below (to the left of) the FF line, then there is permanent unemployment corresponding to the distance by which A falls short of that line.
Keynesians have also attempted, with little success, to give meaning to an equilibrium position where A falls to the right of the FF line, identifying this with inflation. Inflation, as we shall see below, is a dynamic process, the essence of which is change. The Keynesian system centers around the equilibrium position and therefore is hardly well equipped to analyze an inflationary situation.
The nub of the Keynesian critique of the free market economy, then, rests on the involuntary unemployment allegedly caused by too low a level of social expenditures and income. But how can this be, since we have previously explained that there can be no involuntary unemployment in a free market? The answer has become evident (and is admitted in the most intelligent of the Keynesian writings): The Keynesian "underemployment equilibrium" occurs only if money wage rates are rigid downward, i.e., if the supply curve of labor below "full employment" is infinitely elastic.13 Thus, suppose there is a "hoarding" (an increased demand for money), and social income falls. The result is a fall in the monetary demand curves for labor factors, as well as in all other monetary demand curves. We would expect the general supply curve of labor factors to be vertical. Since only money wage rates are being changed while real wage rates (in terms of purchasing power) remain the same, there will be no shift in labor/leisure preferences, and the total stock of labor offered on the market will remain constant. At any rate, certainly no involuntary unemployment will arise.
How then can the Keynesian case arise? How can the supply of labor remain horizontal at the old money wage rate? In only two ways: (1) if people voluntarily agree with the unions, which insist that no one be employed at lower than the old money wage rate. Since selling prices are falling, maintaining the old money wage rate is equivalent to demanding a higher real wage rate. We have seen above that the unions' raising of real wage rates causes unemployment. But this unemployment is voluntary, since the workers acquiesce in the imposition of a higher minimum real wage rate, below which they will not undercut the union and accept employment. Or (2) unions or government coercively impose the minimum wage rate. But this is an example of a hampered market, not the free market to which we are confining our analysis here.
Situation (1) or (2) may be diagramed as in Figure 80.
The original demand curve for labor is DD (for simplicity of exposition we assume as meaningful the concept of "demand for labor" in general). Total stock of labor in the society is 0F, or at least that is the stock put forward upon the market. Now an increase in the demand for money shifts all demand curves downward as all money prices fall. If wage rates are free to fall, the intersection point will move from H to C and nominal wage rates reduced accordingly, from FH to FC.
There is still "full employment" at level 0F. Now suppose however, that a union sets a minimum money wage rate of 0B (or FH). Then the supply-of-labor curve becomes BHG; horizontal up to FG and vertical from there on. The new demand curve D′D′ will now intersect the supply of labor at point E instead of point C. Total amount of labor now employed is reduced to BE, and EH are now unemployed as a result of the union action.
Keynes' own exposition tended to run in terms of real rather than money magnitudes—real social income, real expenditures, etc.14 Such an analysis obscures dynamic considerations, since transactions take place at least superficially in monetary terms on the market. However, the essential conclusion of our analysis remains unchanged if we pursue it directly in real terms. Instead of falling, demand curves in real terms will now remain the same. This is true for the labor market as well. Instead of being depicted on a diagram as a horizontal line at existing wage rates, the effect of union action would have to be shown as a horizontally imposed increase in real wage rates (the result of keeping money wage rates constant while selling prices fall). The relevant diagram is shown in Figure 81. The facts depicted in this diagram are the same as in the previous diagram: unions causing unemployment (EH) by insisting on an excessively high money (and therefore real) wage (0B).
The sum and substance of the "Keynesian Revolution" was the thesis that there can be an unemployment equilibrium on the free market. As we have seen, the only sense in which this is true was known years before Keynes: that widespread union maintenance of excessively high wage rates will cause unemployment.
Keynes believed that while other elements of the economic system, including prices, were set basically in real terms, workers bargained even ultimately only in terms of money wages—that unions insisted on minimum money wage rates downward, but would passively accept falling real wages in the form of rising prices, money wage rates remaining the same. The Keynesian prescription for eliminating unemployment therefore rests specifically on the "money illusion"—that unions will impose minimum money wage rates, but are too stupid to impose minimum real wage rates per se. Unions, however, have learned about purchasing-power problems and the distinction between money and real rates; indeed, it hardly requires much reasoning ability to grasp this distinction.15 Ironically, Keynes' advocacy of inflation based on the "money illusion" rested on the historical experience (which we shall treat more fully below) that, during an inflation, selling prices rise faster than wage rates. Yet an economy in which unions impose minimum wage rates is precisely an economy in which unions will be alive to any losses in their real, as well as their money, wages. Inflation, therefore, cannot be used as a means of duping unions into relieving unemployment.16 Keynesianism has been touted as at least a "practical" system. Whatever its theoretical defects, it is alleged to be fit for the modern world of unionism. Yet it is precisely in the modern world that Keynes' doctrine is least appropriate or practical.17
The Keynesians object that to allow rigid money wage rates to become flexible downward would further lower monetary demand for goods, and therefore monetary income. But this completely confuses wage rates with aggregate payroll, or total income going to wages.18 That the former falls does not mean that the latter falls. On the contrary, total income is, as we have seen, determined by total expenditures in the previous period of time. Lower wage rates will cause the hiring of those made unemployed by the old excessively high wage rates. The fact that labor is now cheaper relatively to land factors will cause investors to expend a greater proportion on labor visà-vis land than before. And the employment of unemployed labor increases production and therefore aggregate real income. Furthermore, even if payrolls also decline, prices and wage rates can adjust—but this will be taken up in the next section on liquidity preference.
- 11. See the excellent article by W.H. Hutt, "The Significance of Price Flexibility" in Hazlitt, Critics of Keynseian Economics, pp. 383–406.
- 12. The term generally used is "national" income. However, in a free-market economy the nation will no more be an important economic boundary than the village or region. It is more convenient, then, to set aside regional problems for other analysis and to concentrate on aggregate social income; this is especially true since regions do not present a problem to economic theory until their governments begin intervening in the free market.
- 13. Thus, see the revealing article by Franco Modigliani, "Liquidity Preference and the Theory of Interest and Money" in Hazlitt, Critics of Keynesian Economics, pp. 156–69. Also see the articles by Erik Lindahl, "On Keynes' Economic System—Part I," The Economic Record, May, 1954, pp. 19–32; November, 1954, pp. 159–71; and Wassily W. Leontief, "Postulates: Keynes' General Theory and the Classicists" in S. Harris, ed., The New Economics (New York: Knopf, 1952), pp. 232–42. For an empirical critique of the assumed Keynesian correspondence between aggregate output and employment, see George W. Wilson, "The Relationship between Output and Employment," Review of Economics and Statistics, February, 1960, pp. 37–43.
- 14. This is what Keynes' discussion of "wage units" amounted to. Cf. Lindahl, "On Keynes' Economic System—Part I," p. 20.
- 15. Cf. Lindahl, "On Keynes' Economic System—Part I," pp. 25, 159ff. Lindahl's articles provide a good summary as well as a critique of the Keynesian system.
- 16. Furthermore, inflation is, at best, an inefficient and distortive substitute for flexible wage rates. For inflation affects the entire economy and its prices, while particular wage rates will fall only to the extent necessary to "clear" the market for the particular labor factor. Thus, freely flexible wage rates will fall only in those fields necessary to eliminate unemployment in those particular areas. Cf. Henry Hazlitt, The Failure of the "New Economics" (Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1959), pp. 278 ff.
- 17. Cf. L. Albert Hahn, The Economics of Illusion (New York: Squier Publishing Co., 1949), pp. 50 ff., 166 ff., and passim.


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Der Bau (The Burrow) is a continuation of a work started in 2008 that manifested itself concretely in Unturtled #1 through #4. In this series of pieces, the costume was considered as a transitional object: at once a prosthesis of the missing last layer of the body, and simultaneously the first encompassing external space. The costume as organ makes possible an exploration of the body and the space around it can generate, as space, as a stage and as a scenography.
Kafka's novella Der Bau, in which the burrow is described as a space deriving from the body itself, yet still belonging to it — bearing the form, traces, odors, wastes and reserves, hope and despair — seemed a good basis for further explorations of conceiving this new relationship between body and space. The creation process revealed that space itself is an organ, and it should be seen as an extension, a prolongation of the body. Rilke's statement, that Rodin does not sculpt the body, but the spaces around them, can serve as the guideline to understand this idea. A two-dimensional, planar, fluid space was built of large sheets of fabric. These external tissues are dealt with like internal tissues and they respond in a surprisingly alive manner, at the same time as part of the body, as a shell, and as a partner.
© Laurent Goldring
ArtistIsabelle Schad and Laurent GoldringYear 2008Venue Sodsai Pantoomkomol Centre for Dramatic ArtsUrlhttp://www.isabelle-schad.net


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Sales Superstar Mindset
The Crucial factor for Sales Success
Motivation, resilience and mindset underpin all sales person performance, yet it is rarely developed through training. Simply having the sales skills, relationship skills and product knowledge isn't enough.
Research shows that within sales roles, motivation and resilience are very significant factors in long term success. Faced with the continual challenges, set-backs and rejections it is essential that people in sales roles are able to quickly bounce back and stay self-motivated.
While extrinsic motivational tools such as management feedback, rewards, benefits, recognition are undoubtedly valuable, helping sales people to learn to motivate themselves intrinsically has huge cost benefits through higher performance, decreased performance management, stress, absenteeism and staff turnover as well as increased engagement.
It is well established that one of the most effective ways of increasing self-motivation is to learn to actively manage one's thoughts and feelings. In turn, developing these skills to increase emotional intelligence leads to more effective outcomes and helpful behaviours as well as increased engagement and motivation.
Sales Motivations uses the same evidence based cognitive behavioural techniques that sports psychologists do, delivered through a highly engaging interactive coaching model to deliver improved self-motivation resulting in increased motivation, reduced levels of stress, higher engagement, lower staff turnover and long-lasting improved sales results with a high return on investment. The Sales Motivations programs can be delivered as workshops or blended interval based e-learning, highly integrated into the users normal working activities.
The programs follows best practise instructional design and are structured to be highly experiential, by encouraging participants to apply tools and techniques to their normal working activities immediately.
Pre and post assessment program can be carried out using the Sales Motivation and Resilience Questionnaire which measures individual levels of motivation, resilience, ability to cope with pressure and self-reported sales performance.
Click here to find out more about how to achieve rapid, cost effective, increased employee engagement and motivation.


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Tapan Gosaliya
Co-founder & Director
The rapid transformation of industrialization, from production to data and digitization is shifting the dynamics amongst AI, and IoT. Individually, neither AI nor IoT are an industry within themselves. Yet when combined, these hold huge potential to alter the future landscape of industrialization. The amount of data being mined and rapid growth of connected devices and technologies continue to expand. Analyzing within the deluge of performing and non performing data is best handled by AI and ML. Headquartered in Ahmadabad, Amnex (erstwhile Infinium Solutionz), a tech product organization utilizes IoT, AI, communication network and data science enabled with IoT for cross-domain visualization. Working on the fact that intelligence is natural which needs channelizing through logic, mathematics and trends, Amnex improves its solutions based on Natural Intelligence. The company has a four layered Natural Intelligence building where data acquisition and census on the ground makes the first layer. The second layer is to establish an efficient, quick and secure communication for data analytics. The third layer identifies and utilizes the furnished data into proper channels. Amnex's data management identifies the data trend in executable manner and the products improvise the algorithms by themselves. The last layer handles dissemination of information to government agencies and private sectors through web applications and mobile applications. The company engages with its client on a long term basis with mobility, GIS and IoT
products in three major domains..
Reducing the Technological Gap
Starting 10 years ago and focusing primarily in oil and gas sector, manufacturing, Amnex realigned itself to urban solutions, Mining, Marines and GIS solutions making IoT as the harbinger. Amnex's urban solutions comprise public transportation, smart parking, waste management, street lighting, and adaptive traffic controls. Engaging with many municipalities and other stakeholders, Amnex offers solutions to various cities with master system integrators.
Amnex's data management identifies the data trend in executable manner and the products improvise the algorithms by themselves
System; any asset is tracked within a localized or open area. ML improves the asset tracking at an accuracy of 2m. The RFID based inventory management system is integrated on SAP at the backend.
For marine sector, Amnex proffers yet another two layered solution. The solution brings in e-governance in ports, helping policy makers, operators and the structure in itself. The second layer brings in automation at various operations of ports. Finally, the GIS solutions cut across different verticals.
Amnex brings in customized solutions using GIS, LIDAR, Re¬mote Sensing, and Drones. The 3D BIM model of Amnex uses GIS for advanced capabilities in BIM area. Unlike in past, where data was shared with engineering team and planners, the recent systematic sharing in a 3-D layer channelizes vast data in an advanced way.
Leveraging IoT in Agriculture
Amnex's four layered IoT,communication technology, data science and visualization assists sectors across various domains. In agriculture, the introduction of various key government Insurance schemes has resulted in mismanagement due to lack of authentic proof to be claimed by the farmers. Non-existence of any full proof data storage and scientific claims have made Remote sensing, automation and analytics becoming vital to help release compensation at the earliest. Amnex generates data from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources are high resolution satellite images working with ISRO(India),Canadian and American space companies to generate bulk data. Primary data source also comprises of weather data, agriculture input and seeding data. Where as secondary data source is the historical data generated using various mobile apps and collaboration with farmers. The quantum and quality of crops to be grown and the type of crop to be grown strengthens the vision of GoI initiative of doubling farmer income by 2022. In all these capacities, Amnex is all set to incorporate IoT as its background with sensors to track assets along with solutions in major sectors.


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Steffen Saifer, Ed.D.
I am an international consultant and writer based in Spain. The work I have done includes leading the development of a national kindergarten curriculum in the Republic of Georgia for UNICEF and helping to develop and implement a master's degree program in early childhood leadership in Russia for the Open Society Foundations. I have also worked in Belarus, Hungary, Bangladesh, The Gambia, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, among other countries.
Earlier in my career I was an early childhood teacher, Head Start director, college instructor, education specialist for Head Start programs in four Pacific Northwest states, and director of the Child & Family Program at Education Northwest in Portland, OR. My areas of interest and expertise—in addition to promoting cognitive development—include the role of play in development and education, the training of early childhood professionals, and culturally responsive early childhood curriculum. I have written Practical Solutions to Practically Every Problem: The Survival Guide for Early Childhood Professionals 3rd Edition (2017 Redleaf Press) and was the lead author of Culturally Responsive Standards-based Teaching: Classroom to Community and Back (2011 Corwin Press), among other books and articles.
I have three fantastic grown children, however, none of them has yet fulfilled their obligation to give me grandchildren!


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Embrace the Modern Elegance
Welcome to your dream home! Fall in love with the classic and romantic style of this Chateau home. Brand new, never lived in, this magnificent home sits on a sprawling 1.07 acres of natural beauty. It's unique and luxurious 3 storey floor plan has the characteristics of an eloquent Chateau, but the cozy feeling of an intimate family home.
At first notice the exterior design is breathtaking; it will intrigue you with its formable design and presence, vast windows throughout the home flood the inside with natural daylight and bestowing panoramic views. Built with the highest quality and nothing spared. This home design is a style that will remain timeless and leave you speechless.
This Home is Networked
The home is also completely networked, allowing homeowners who may have forgotten to turn off the lights or turn on the security alarms, to control those functions while outside of the home by accessing their iPhones, iPads, or another computer.
About this Luxury Home
The newest addition to the handcrafted portfolio of Marcraft Homes & Zimal Homes will be easily appreciated by the most discerning tastes of local and international buyers alike. The location and design are inspired by the Southern exposures of the property on which it sits and a love for the beautiful estate homes of the West Coast beaches.
Beyond the stone pillars flanking the drive, Ten80 Uplands Dr. sits with grand stature on its gentle slope. Planned to be low impact, the grounds are an example of manicured perfection and were carved from the beautiful West Coast forest environment so cherished around the globe. Using careful landscape design and professional exterior lighting, day or night this masterpiece exemplifies natural appeal.
Leaving Anmore has never been so easy with Skytrain only minutes away, highways and bridges around the corner and grocery stores, shopping, restaurants, movie theatre, bowling alley and more at your doorstep.
Building Features
Property Features


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Well we didn't have the greatest weather in Ronda, however the clouds stayed high enough and held in their rain fairly well so we could get some pretty decent photos.
Ronda is an impressive town in the province of Málaga; an easy day trip from the Costa del Sol or for us a nice diversion on our car ride from Seville to Córdoba. Ronda is built on and around a very deep gorge spanned by an extremely impressive bridge.
Ronda was first settled by the early Celts, and later inhabited by Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans. The Moors left an indelible imprint in the city, which only fell to the Christian Reconquista in 1485. In more recent times, the town has hosted a number of well-known writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Orson Welles, & James Joyce.
This large and incredible bridge over the Tajo gorge, is called Puento Neuvo finished in 1793, is Ronda's principal attraction. The bridge is 230 feet long and 320 feet high, roughly equivalent to a 30-floor building. It was built following the collapse of an earlier bridge from 1735; this bridge had a single arch of 115 feet but collapsed six years after construction, killing 50 people. There are beautiful views from here of the Natural Park -Sierra de Grazalema to the west – although this was a bit tough to see on the day we visited.
Views of the gorge and surrounding countryside are amazing, but that was not all we saw in Ronda. We went on a self guided tour of the very quaint Santa Maria la Mayor church (built on the ruins of an older mosque) -which has outstanding views of the town from the roof and is well worth a visit.
And we of course stopped for a wine tasting. While not world class at this point – (maybe another 10 years…or so) it was certainly a lot of fun.
Unfortunately the 13th century Arab Baths in Ronda were closed during our visit which just means that we'll have to see them on a return trip as they are considered to be the best example in Spain.


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Sunday 6 July 2014
Anastasia - DipBrow Pomade | Professional Brows Made Easy
18 comments:
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Krystal | Little Beauty Bug <3 & Tumblr
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The Sunday Chapter
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- Anonymous7 July 2014 at 22:23
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I always read all of my lovely comments. Make sure you check back as i often reply but if you do have a specific question and want a quicker response then please do email me over at firstname.lastname@example.com or tweet me (@Beth_BirdsWords). Thank you for all your support! x


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Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, Baron, 1834-1902
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
George Eliot and George Henry Lewes collection
Call Number: GEN MSS 963
Abstract: The collection includes correspondence by, to and about George Eliot and George Henry Lewes. There are four journals, one diary, several notebooks with notes for a projected novel, quotes, poetry, and early school essays all belonging to George Eliot, accompanied by reviews and scripts of dramatizations of Daniel Deronda in the 1920s and 1970s. With three journals, nine diaries, and notebooks with research notes belonging to George Henry Lewes, accompanied by...
Dates: 1834-1981


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MEMC Electronics (WFR) Diversifies With Purchase Of SunEdison
MEMC Electronic (WFR) announced today it's diversifying its business with the $200 million purchase of the largest North American solar services provider SunEdison. The payout will include cash and options and is expected to close by the end of the year and begin contributing to earnings in the second half of 2010.
This is a good move in my opinion and positions the company as a complete solar provider while creating greater efficiencies for both companies. Here's a comment from the CEO of SunEdison, Carlos Domenech who will continue to lead the company as a subsidiary of MEMC:
"SunEdison has successfully built about 300 solar power plants representing approximately 80 MW of generating capacity on the rooftops and grounds of customers in the United States, Canada and Europe," said Carlos Domenech, Chief Operating Officer of SunEdison. "Our business is highly scalable and will be able to grow substantially, capitalizing on our more than 1.5 GW of pipeline, backlog and leads with a financially strong, technically sophisticated partner like MEMC, which also has a competitive cost structure in upstream materials. This combination will greatly accelerate our goal of making solar energy cost competitive with grid prices."Tags: memc electronics, sunedison, wfr


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[imgbelt img=+larnedkansas.jpeg]
The truck driver was diddling with his cell phone when he plowed into a line of stalled traffic near St. Louis. The wrecked killed three and injured a dozen more.
Among those involved in the wreck were Anna Eicher and others from an Amish community in northeast Missouri who were being driven to a funeral in Tennessee. Kim Bell of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch tells the story of how Eicher's religion dealt with this tragedy — and how society reacted to a woman of faith.
Eicher was taken to a hospital after the crash. She said that "English people" (the Amish term for outsiders) with the trucking company told her not to worry about the bills, that they would be taken care of. She believed them, and since Amish don't believe in lawsuits, she didn't join any of the multiple actions spawned by the wreck. Instead, she followed her faith and forgave.
Then the bills arrived. Read the story.
• The way of modernization is for rural people to move to cities, where their labor can be put to more productive use. But what happens when that is taking place in India?
The New York Times reports that by 2030, 70 percent of India's jobs are likely to be created in cities. If that happens, the nation will have to build a city the size of Chicago every year to house the people flooding in from rural communities.
The story is about how that might be accomplished. Another question might be whether India (and others) need to rethink what it means to modernize. h
• The federal mine safety agency said a Kentucky coal mine owned by Massey Energy is too unsafe to mine. So Massey simply closed the mine and laid off 132 people.
• AP writer Roxana Hegeman notes the building boom underway throughout mid-America. Not houses or condos, but grain elevators. (Above, in Larned, Kansas.)
Storage capacity is at an all time high, but there is still not enough room for all the grain that is piled up outside elevators.
• A jeweler in Duluth, Minnesota, (not rural, but what the heck) is holding a Second Coming sale. Fifty percent off during the time just before the return of Jesus Christ to Jerusalem.
• Coal firms say thousands of jobs have been created on flattened mountaintops. They've been saying this for years.
Coal Tattoo checked into these claims in West Virginia and finds fewer jobs than promised and not many plans for future development.


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What Happens When Your Period Comes In Ramadan
Ramadan, the holy month where Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, is not just about fasting but of giving charity, abstaining from sexual intercourse during the day, and feeding the hungry. However, not all Muslims need to fast or pray. People who are sick, pregnant, breastfeeding, traveling, or have their period should do not need to fast but should try to make up their missed fasts as soon as possible before the next Ramadan. Though those prayers you miss when you have your period, you do not have to make up, which is the same for all of the menstrual cycles during the whole year.
But wait! Before you say this is oppressive, remember this is a blessing from God. I have not yet heard a Muslim woman complain when she does get a week off of fasting due to her period. It is seen as a welcomed break. God knows that when women have their period, it can be a very painful time as the woman becomes low on many minerals and nutrients in addition to menstrual cramps.
Muslims believe that, at anytime that a muslim women is not praying due to her menstrual cycle, meaning they do not pray the five obligatory salat prayers, they still get the reward as if they were praying. Women can still pray to God, what Muslims refer to as "making duaa," any time they want. Duaa is nearly identical to the way Christians pray, simply just talking to God or asking Him for anything. Again, missing prayers due to a menstrual period is not to be seen as oppressive, but as a blessing equal to the normal daily prayers or salat.
Part of the reason why Muslim women do not pray or during this during their period is because they cannot perform wudu, a necessary quick cleansing of the body that is done before mandatory prayers. Anyone one who is bleeding, cannot perform prayers without having a proper wudu (this can mean men or women who may have a bad injury that keeps causing them to bleed). After the period has ended, as well as after anyone has had sexual intercourse, they must fully clean themselves through a process called ghusl where water must touch every part on your body before you can begin fasting and praying as normal. This signifies that the body is physically clean of any bodily fluids, as well as spiritually clean, so that she can now devote all the necessary attention to prayer and fasting rather than worrying about painful cramps or fainting spells that are entirely out of her control.
For the people thinking that it is easier because you get a week off. As I said, it is a welcomed break but know that it is much harder to fast by yourself outside of ramadan. In addition, after a few days of fasting, the body adjusts to the new fasting schedule, but when a monthly period comes, all of what the woman has gotten used to doing, disappears. Then, when she starts fasting again, she has to start all over with the hunger pains and headaches from coffee deprivation.
Just a quick note to the men reading this article, please do not ask women if they are praying and/or fasting. It is a very personal topic, and is also very uncomfortable to talk about. Personally, I do not want to be asked this question and know many other women do not to be asked this either. Some men might think that a woman is lucky because she gets a week or so off of fasting, but they do not take into consideration that she still has to make it up later.
To female Muslims who are sad if they cannot fast, God made it this way on purpose. If you are concerned, please know there are many things you can do to keep the spirit of the holy month alive. You can still go to the masjid, eat iftaar (breaking fast) with friends, make duaa, read Quran, etc. Remember, this time is a blessing in disguise, not a punishment.
Follow me on Instagram and Facebook to read more of my articles.
Follow me on Instagram and Facebook to read more of my articles.


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WordPress version of Comdex is now available.
COMDEX template perfectly suits your Portfolio, Creative, Blog, Event or Business Website. Set up color for via CSS using only 2×2 color combinations and create your own unique design! Theme designed in a clean and minimalistic style and provides all the main functionality you will need to present your products, work and yourself in an elegant and professional style.
New Item!
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Note: in demo-mode website background changing in random mode just to showcase COMDEX tempate. You'll be able to set up any background and color palette of the template after purchasing.
You can see a 3 min demo video on YouTube. If you encounter any problems or have questions once you purchased the theme feel free to contact us. If you have any comments on this theme please let us know.
- Nice and Clean Design
- 8 page Templates included
- 12 predefined skins, easy to edit. Any number of skins possible
- Colors of the theme elements is fully controlled via CSS
- Text elements included Tables, Buttons, Tabs, Toggles, Quotes, Headings, etc.
- Modern drop-down menu with sliding effects
- Google fonts replacement – use any of 500 Google Fonts
- Post Format Support: Standard, Image, Video, Gallery, Link, Quote
- Slider with a Great Functionality on the main page: frame, single image, background+png+text and much more!
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8 different page layouts included
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Flickr creative commons library pictures by (not available for download with this theme)
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Please check out our recent works!
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Ask Sue
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Ask Sue
A Weekly Q&A Column About Professionalism, Etiquette and Problems in the Workplace
by Sue Morem
Dear Sue: I read with interest the letter from the corporate executive who was struggling with his job search. I can tell you with confidence that he is simply over selling himself.
As a corporate recruiter, I work with executive level positions on a daily basis. A senior level job interview should be viewed as a discovery opportunity. I've seen too many candidates tell
you what they think you want to hear without ever identifying the pains or needs of the organization. The person who wrote to you has probably been on so many interviews that he assumes he has
heard it all and thinks that he has a perfect answer for every question. In reality, he may be shooting himself in the foot by coming off as too slick and a "know it all."
What he needs to do is bite his tongue even when he thinks he has the perfect response and quietly listen and learn. Once everyone is finished with the interview dialog, then he can
eloquently present his qualifications based on the companies needs. It reminds me of the saying, "think twice, talk once."
-- Recruiter
Sue Says: I receive more questions surrounding the issue of interviews and job-hunting than any other topic. Your comments make sense and you've provided valuable advice for anyone
interviewing at any level. Another saying comes to mind -- "You've got two ears and one mouth, use them proportionately."
Dear Sue: I am responding to the question from the reader who wondered how to explain her unsatisfactory work history due to the abusive marriage she was in at the time. You said she
should avoid providing too much detail and cite some "personal issues."
I think you are way off the mark. It is likely the interviewer will jump to his or her own conclusions about the problems, and assume that she was addicted to drugs, alcohol or that she is
mentally unstable.
I think she should say "I feel embarrassed even though I know I shouldn't, but I was in abusive marriage that affected my work performance. But it is behind me now and I am anxious to
enjoy work again without those negative distractions. I think I could do this job very well."
-- Second opinion
Sue Says: The woman who wrote to me said that she didn't want to address the abuse issue, which is why I made the suggestion she cite "personal issues." However, you are
right -- the assumptions made by her vagueness could affect her negatively.
I like your suggestion, and will add to it -- rather than saying, "I (italic) think I could do this job very well,," she should say "I (italic) know I can do this job very
well." Thanks for taking the time to write.
Dear Sue: I was interested in the comments from the CEO who complained about "cookie-cutter resumes." It sounds as though he wants to be entertained more than informed. How
are the applicants supposed to know what he wants? For all they know, the hiring official may hate creative, cutesy resumes and prefer standardized formats. I would think that someone who looks
at a large number of resumes would want them in some sort of standard format to make it easier to quickly scan for essential and critical qualities.
Many people resort to arbitrary, irrational criteria in order to eliminate the majority of resumes quickly from consideration (e.g., a format they don't like, too short, too long, etc.).
Consequently, applicants are forced to play a deadly guessing game when it comes to the type of resume they submit.
If this CEO wants creative resumes then he should say so in the ad. I think he was just too lazy to read through all the resumes that were submitted. Just think of all the potentially good
employees he passed up by looking for entertainment rather than information. I'm glad I'm not working for that CEO.
-- Grateful
Sue Says: Thanks for writing!
Sue Morem is a professional speaker, trainer and syndicated columnist. She
is author of the newly released
101 Tips for Graduates and
How to Gain the Professional Edge, Second Edition. You can contact her by email at
firstname.lastname@example.com or visit her web site at
Send Sue your questions by clicking here:
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Copyright 1999-2016 by Attard Communications,
and by the individual authors.
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Check your state pension. Whether your retirement is still years away, or just around the corner, it's worth checking your State Pension today.
Ready in 5
Take a look at our 'Ready in 5' tips and tricks so you can start planning for your well-deserved retirement.
The world of pensions is jam-packed with jargon, some of which is easier to decode than others.
A major part of the problem is that firms often use different terms to describe the same thing, leaving many who have pensions from a string of previous employers completely in the dark.
To help you make sense of the pensions landscape, our jargon-buster explains ten of the most confusing terms used by providers.
In this article, Barclays is not providing tax or pensions advice. Every individual's retirement circumstances are unique, with different degrees of pension planning needed, so if you need help preparing your finances for retirement, get in touch with an expert. The Financial Conduct Authority provides tips on how to find a qualified independent financial adviser.
The jargon: 'defined contribution retirement fund'
The most common type of pension – you contribute a set percentage of salary each month, which is then usually matched or topped up by your employer which means a 'defined' amount is paid in each month. Contributions will be placed into a 'default fund' but you may be able to choose alternate investments in which to invest your cash. When you retire, you can withdraw this money to spend as you wish or swap it for an annuity (see below).
There's no guarantee of how much your pension will be worth. Instead, what you get at retirement will depend on how well your investments have performed, how much you invested each month and charges. Also known as a 'money-purchase' pension.
The jargon: 'a defined benefit pension'
A pension policy that guarantees to pay you a defined annual income when you retire. What you'll receive depends on how long you worked for the company and what it's prepared to pay for each year you were an employee. This is usually expressed as a fraction, so if the rate is 1/60th – a typical level – your pension payout would be 1/60th of your final (or average) salary for each year you worked for that firm.
So, taking the final salary example, if you left earning £40,000 after 15 years' service, you'd get 15/60ths – a quarter, or £10,000 a year – in retirement. Many such schemes are now closed to new entrants, and tend to be held by older workers. When you reach 55 you may have the option to ' transfer out' to an alternate plan but it's a very complex decision that usually requires financial advice.
The jargon: 'pension tax relief'
A tax payment to boost how much you put into your pension pot. A government incentive, it puts the tax you'd normally have paid on your income into a pension for you.
For example, a basic rate taxpayer paying 20% income tax who puts £80 monthly into a pension has it topped up by £20 – so £100 is saved into a scheme in total. For a higher earner whose income is taxed at 40%, additional tax relief (above 20%) needs to be reclaimed via self-assessment, unless the contribution is paid out of your gross salary by your employer.
The jargon: 'diversification'
Putting your pension cash into a mix of investments - to spread the risk you're taking with the money saved for retirement. For example, your money may be spread across a mix of shares, bonds and cash invested in the UK or internationally. Pension funds usually let you decide how much risk you want to take.
As a general guide, it's usually wise to take fewer risks as you get older so you can protect what you've built up.
The jargon: 'your pension beneficiary'
A person – typically your partner – you can name on your pension documents who would inherit your pension fund on death when you die. This could be a lump sum or on-going payments, depending on the type of pension policy.
The jargon: 'your annual pension allowance'
It's the most money you can put into or build up in benefits across all your pensions during a single tax year, without having to pay a tax charge – it's set at £40,000 for the 2018/19 financial year (assuming you haven't already started drawing an income from your pension – in which case it is £4,000 for 2018/19). However, this limit shrinks if you're a high earner. For every £2 you earn over £150,000, this annual allowance is reduced by £1 – all the way down to a minimum of £10,000.
The jargon: 'an annuity'
A guaranteed regular payment to you in exchange for cash in your pension pot – one usually made throughout your retirement until you die. How much you get is called the 'annuity rate' – for example, a 5% rate typically means you'd get £5,000 a year, usually paid monthly, from a £100,000 lump sum .Your age, health and life expectancy will play a part in how much you get.
The jargon: 'a pension saver's lifetime allowance'
How much you can save in a pension overall throughout your working life without facing a tax charge. In the current financial year 2018/19, it is £1,030,000. You face a charge of up to 55% on anything you hold over and above this limit.
The jargon: 'take your 25% tax-free lump sum'
Once you reach retirement age, you have the choice of taking a cash lump sum (or series of lump sums) from a defined contribution pension and often from a defined benefit pension too – if you do, you can take up to a quarter of it tax-free. So retire with a £100,000 pension pot, and you can take £25,000 tax-free. The rest can stay invested, or be withdrawn and taxed.
The jargon: 'Income drawdown plan'
Available to those with a defined contribution pension once they reach retirement age, it allows you to make withdrawals - and keep the rest of your pension invested . The value of your remaining cash will hopefully grow, but can fall too. Above and beyond the 25% tax-free lump sum (see above), you can make flexible withdrawals from what's left but these will be taxed.
Jonathan Dean considers his future retirement and explains how simple tasks, like digging out your pension papers and updating your correct home address, can help. Remember – while listening to others and talking to your family, friends and peers can be a great help, you should seek professional advice when making important financial decisions to ensure consideration of your own personal circumstances.
Consider these thoughts about retirement. How do you want to spend your well-deserved rest? Remember – while listening to others and talking to your family, friends and peers can be a great help, you should seek professional advice when making important financial decisions to ensure consideration of your own personal circumstances.
Check your state pension. Whether your retirement is still years away, or just around the corner, it's worth checking your State Pension today.
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Source: European Educational Research Journal, Volume 14, Issue 5, September 2015
The present paper argues that research on teacher preparation over the last 100 years can be understood in terms of the major questions that researchers examined.
The analysis is guided by the framework of "research as historically situated social practice." This framework emphasizes that researchers' interests, commitments, and social experiences guide the research questions they pursue and the theories and perspectives they adopt. Past research on initial teacher education is described in terms of the emergence of three broad questions: "the curriculum question," "the effectiveness question," and "the knowledge question."
This research focuses on two broad animating questions: "the policy question" and "the learning question."
The authors recommend that future research address questions that link teacher learning with student learning and teacher candidates' beliefs and practices as well as questions that examine the relationships between research practices and social, economic and institutional power.


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About the SMACC
In August 2014, the School of Communication launched the state-of-the-art Social Media Analytics Command Center (SMACC) on the second floor of Fell Hall. The SMACC is a 600 square foot facility dedicated to studying social media analytics and strategy that serves as a classroom, a research laboratory, a media war room, and a consultation studio. Students, faculty, and researchers use the SMACC to identify public conversation from major social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, popular discussion forums, major blogs, and online news sources. Using specialized software they can then analyze these conversations for key data such as top influencers, trending keywords and concepts, audience metrics, geographic location of posts, user sentiment, and share of voice in the social web.
The SMACC is currently powered by NUVI, Meltwater, and Netlytic social media analytics platforms. Advanced classes and researchers also use Python scripts to collect data from Twitter's Public API and visualize social networks with Gephi.
Only a handful of similar facilities exist on university campuses, and through the SMACC the School of Communication and Illinois State University bring cutting-edge social media education and research to the State of Illinois.
The SMACC has a 3-part mission:
- Education in social media analytics research processes, visualization, and strategy
- Research using large datasets collected from the social web
- Collaboration with organizations at the local, regional, and national level on social media-based projects
Ongoing Projects
The School of Communication is developing curriculum and programming that utilize the SMACC's capabilities to enhance the social media skill sets of our majors in communication studies, journalism, mass media and public relations. The SMACC is also serving as a platform to launch new partnerships with other academic units, university offices, companies, and non-profit organizations in Bloomington-Normal and across Illinois. Examples of research projects, programming, and partnerships include:
- a health communication seminar that studied how Midwest hospitals use social media to communicate with doctors, patients, and the general public
- real-time analysis of local and regional elections to examine the effectiveness of social media in political campaigns
- support for ISU alumni and admissions events and campaigns such as Homecoming and Giving Tuesday
- hosting a national party and providing live tweetup analysis for President Obama's 2016 state of the union address
- social media boot camps that partner advanced students with local businesses to develop social media strategy
- real-time analysis of social media activity during ISU football and basketball games
- "The Bottom Line," a weekly television show produced by TV-10 that focuses on using social media analytics for feature reporting
- creating a hub for local and regional media outlets to report on social media issues
- client projects for businesses and organizations in McLean County
- social media analysis and monitoring for #CollegeDebate16, a national voter education partner for the Commission on Presidential Debates
- an honors course project that analyzed Twitter favorability toward candidates during the 2016 presidential election in in 16 lynchpin counties


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It's not wrong to travel
For the past few years, I have learned to love travelling as it has helped me grow and understand the different cultures of the world. Travelling allows you to see the world in a different light beyond what any training or book can tell you. A lot of financial please would say traveling is bad cause it will take you away from your goals of financial freedom.
However, I believe, it's not wrong to travel as long as what you spend for during the travel is in your budget. It's not wrong to travel as long as you don't go into debt for that vacation that you have been longing for.
For this post, Lianne Laroya will share her experience on how she travels on a budget.
I hope this helps you!
Catch me in my live training events! (quick plug)
The heart of why I do this seminars is I want to build a generation of Filipinos with the right foundation in stock investing. I want to bring smart investing to every Filipino around the world! If you would like to know more on how you could time the market checkout the trainings below.
Stock Smarts Davao — October 20 – October 22, 2017
Stock Smarts Malaysia — November 4 – November 5, 2017
Stock Smarts Sydney, Australia — November 11 – November 12, 2017
Stock Smarts Qatar — November 16 – November 19, 2017
Stock Smarts Singapore — November 25 – November 26, 2017
Stock Smarts Manila — December 2, 3, 9, 10 & 16 , 2017
Stock Smarts Taiwan — December 21 – December 22, 2017
Stock Smarts Cagayan De Oro — January 13 – January 14, 2018
Stock Smarts London, United Kingdom — January 26 – 28, 2018
"You should go and travel while you're still young and able!"
This sounds promising, doesn't it? You would take a leave from work, hop on a plane and wonder at a new culture of your dream destination.
But then, reality will surely creep on you and make you hesitant about your travelling venture. How much money do you need to travel? How can you afford the entire itinerary you've planned? "Pangarap ka na lang ba, o magiging katotohanan pa?"
How can you travel on a budget – and still go on the trip of your dreams? Follow these 15 budget-friendly and experience-centered tips for a rich travel experience that's light on your wallet.
1. Consider connecting flights.
If you're really looking towards saving on airfare, check out if a connecting flight is compatible to you. For example, for a flight from Manila to Tokyo:
– A direct flight would cost around P24,000
– While a connecting flight with one stop-over in Hong Kong would cost around P17,000 only.
2. Pack light.
Bring only the clothes that you're absolutely sure you'll be wearing. You'll shop around and bring lots of souvenirs back home, so leave a lot of space. You don't want to shell out P8,000 for your excess baggage, do you?
3. Book a hotel that's at least one station away from the central location.
If you're not a fan of hostels (which are cheaper but less convenient accommodations), try booking a hotel that's at least one station away from the central location. You see, hotels which are located in the central location are expensive because the place is well-known as tourist spots.
For example, the cheapest hotel room in Shinjuku area is around P5,000 a night.
Get a P3,400-room in Asagaya area, which is 2 stations away from Shinjuku instead. (The train fare is only P200 round-trip.)
4. Make one meal the highlight of your day.
You don't need to go to a restaurant for your breakfast, lunch and dinner! If your hotel doesn't have free breakfast, skip their restaurant and go to a convenience store or grocery shop instead. You don't need a fancy meal to start your day.
Personally, I'd recommend you to choose your lunch as your meal highlight of the day. It's:
– better for pictures because you get clearer pictures with the sunlight,
– less crowded because most people will be at work and,
– cheaper: lunch sets can be around P500 during 11 am-1pm while the same set can be P1,500 during 6 pm onwards!
5. Use your feet!
Public transportation won't just help you lose your unnecessary pounds; it can also save you more money. Unless you're prepared to throw your money away by riding a taxi (the flag-down rate for a taxi in Tokyo is already around P350!), get a subway/train pass instead.
6. Overestimate your expenses and watch your spending.
Don't just use your intuition in estimating your expenses. Plan where you're going, what you're eating and how much you'll be spending. Include an allowance for miscellaneous expenses.
7. Check out the free tourist spots.
Before you go to your trip, research on the free tourist spots that you can go to so you know what to expect. Tokyo has Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building and Senso-ji. Seoul has free walking tours. Singapore has National University of Singapore Museum. Qatar has the Museum of Islamic Art. Sure, day-dreaming about your travelling adventure is easy. All you need to do is to close your eyes and imagine away.
But for you to really experience first-hand the sights, for you to personally taste the food, and for you to actually marvel at the culture, you've got to exert your effort and invest on your experiences.


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Artwork information Beer mats with blind embossing, square, 9.3 x 9.3 cm, 4/0
- Data format (incl. 3 mm bleed): 9,9 x 9,9 cm
- Trimmed size: 9,3 x 9,3 cm
- Special requirements for creating the artwork:
- for finishes there are specific requirements
- here we show you how to set up your artwork with spot finish in InDesign
- in order to avoid the image to be printed upside down on the finished product, the artwork should take the text direction into account
- Resolution: 300 dpi
- Include a surrounding trim of 3 mm, important information should be at least 4 mm from the edge of the final format size
- Fonts must be completely imbedded or converted to curves
- colour mode: CMYK, FOGRA52 (PSO uncoated v3 FOGRA52) for uncoated paper
- Maximum colour application of 300 %
- We will not check for spelling and/or typographical errors
- We will not check for overprint settings
- Transparencies created with CorelDRAW must be reduced
- Comments will be deleted and not printed
- Form field content will be printed
Product details
- Four-colour print on the front, reverse blank (4/0)
- Individual elements are pressed into the material using blind embossing, creating a relief-like structure. The elements to be embossed can be specified via spot colour (see Artwork information", "Finishing" section).
- the corners are automatically rounded with a radius of 12 mm
- punched and shrink-wrapped
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