text:
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_relay_domains ... mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0 127.0.0.0/8 [::fff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
I must start this post with the acknowledgement that I know only what I've experienced on this topic.
I recently set up my own mail server for the fun of it. I figured it was something I'd never done, so why not, right?
Well, one day later, spammers discovered my server and began using it to send out spam mail (curse you spammers!). I didn't notice this until I received a notification from my hosting provider that my network IO was over the threshold I had set. I promptly logged in, tailed the mail logs and discovered unbelievable amounts of mail being rejected by Google, Yahoo, Aol, and Hotmail. Why? Spam.
With that, I spent the next day figuring out how to better secure my smtp server. I'd like to detail some of the exploits that the spammers used to get in to my server, how I failed in configuring my server properly, and how I fixed it.
An open relay is basically an smtp server that requires no authentication and/or allows connections from outside ip addresses, so anyone can send emails from anywhere to anywhere. The settings in question specific to this issue in my configuration were the following:
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_relay_domains ... mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0 127.0.0.0/8 [::fff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
Basically that is an open relay. Here's why.
Firstly, smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks allows any email to be sent without any restrictions as long as the email originated from a box in the IP ranges specified in the mynetworks variable.
Secondly, mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0 allows emails to be sent through my smtp server from any client within the ip range of 0.0.0.0-255.255.255.255. This is bad because any computer can try to send emails through my smtp server and succeed because of the permit_mynetworks restriction (or lack therof).
One of my first mistakes when configuring Postfix was misspelling some smtpd parameters using smtp_ instead of smtpd_ to prefix them. As it turns out, if you do this, Postfix ignores your attempted configuration without a peep. This one went on for a long time before I noticed that two of my smtpd_ fields were missing the d. As soon as I put those in there, everything started working as it should, albeit still insecure, but at least it was following the specifications of my config file.
This one took me a while. The smtpd_sasl_path is a path to the socket file for your SASL server. In my case, this is Dovecot.
As it turns out, Postfix defaults to running in chroot mode which makes its root directory /var/spool/postfix/. This was my first mistake. I was specifying
smtpd_sasl_path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth-client
and it was not starting up because it couldn't find the socket file. This was because it was looking for the file at /var/spool/postfix/var/spool/postfix/private/auth-client a path which clearly does not exist. The solution to this is to simply specify a relative path.
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth-client
I decided that I would get smart though and shave off some text from the field value by configuring Dovecot to place the socket file at /var/spool/postfix/auth-client rather than at /var/spool/postfix/private/auth-client (speaking in absolute terms despite running in chroot mode). This returned the following error
warning: when SASL type is "dovecot", SASL path "auth-client" should be a socket pathname
As it turns out, postfix won't operate with the SASL socket file path outside of the private directory. So with that, I placed my auth-client file back in the private directory and Postfix started up fine.
Even if you do have authentication required, you still need to specify which users can send email with what addresses. This was a bit of a surprise to me initially because I was under the impression that a password is associated with an email address, not an email address(s) associated with a username and password. To keep users from being able to send email as addresses that are not theirs (specifically randomly generated addresses in my case), you need to create a mapping file that maps usernames to the addresses they are authorized to send mail as. In my case, this is a one to one relationship (one address per username). Before my example I'd like to note that the filename is not required to be the one I use (though my filename is the one used in the Postfix setup documentation).
Okay. Let's create the map file. To do this, open up and edit /etc/postfix/controlled_envelope_senders (this file likely doesn't exist yet)
vim /etc/postfix/controlled_envelope_senders
Once you've got that open, you simply need to put the maps in there.
# envelope sender owners email@example.com jimminey
Now that we've done that, we need to turn it into a binary. Run the following command and it will generate a <filename>.db binary map file in the same directory as the original file.
postmap /etc/postfix/controlled_envelope_senders
Presto! Now the user jimminey can send email as firstname.lastname@example.com. However, so can everyone else…still.
Now that we have our controlled envelope senders file, we need to reference it in our postfix main.cf and set postfix up to restrict access to the maps specified in that file. Crack er open in your favorite editor and put the following line in somewhere after smtpd_sasl_auth_enable
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes ... # This line specifies our map file for use by postfix # Note that this does NOT reference controlled_envelope_senders.db smtpd_sender_login_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/controlled_envelope_senders # This line sets postfix to reject anyone who authenticates but tries to send email as an address they aren't permitted to use smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_sender_login_mismatch, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
So what we've just done is tell Postfix where our map file is (smtpd_sender_login_maps). After that, we tell Postfix to reject any users that have been authenticated but are trying to send with an address they aren't authorized to send with in our map file (smtpd_recipient_restrictions). Please note that reject_sender_login_mismatch comes at the beginning of the smtpd_recipient_strictions field. This is key. It is so key in fact, that I missed it (I only miss the key stuff of course thanks Murphy). This was the forth exploit attempt that got me.
This one is the final bit that let the spammers in (so far at least).
The smtpd_recipient_restrictions are restrictions that you can place on the users and their emails based on various things. In my case, I had the following restrictions string
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_sender_login_mismatch, reject_unauth_destination
Postfix applies these restrictions in the order in which they are specified. As they put it
Restrictions are applied in the order as specified; the first restriction that matches wins.
 As soon as one restriction matches, then the ones that follow don't get applied. This was very problematic because in my case permit_mynetworks is first. So that I can log in from my cell phone which has an IP address that changes, I set
mynetworks = 0.0.0.0/0 127.0.0.0/8 [::fff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
which allows any IP address to connect to my SMTP server. Since Postfix takes the first match and goes no further and any IP address is in 0.0.0.0/0, anyone can send mail through my SMTP server. This = bad.
What you should do is start your restrictions with the the most strict restrictions followed by the less strict. In my case, that looks like
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_sender_login_mismatch, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
In the event someone tries to send an email, first they must login. If they don't log in, they are rejected due to reject_sender_login_mismatch (we can't do a match if we don't have a sender username). Secondly, once logged in, the user must be authorized to use the address they are trying to send as as specified in the smtpd_sender_login_maps line. Finally, once the user has been authenticated and they have permissions to use the address they are trying to send as, their email is not rejected. It follows that they are then filtered through permit_sasl_authenticated. This basically runs a check to see if they are authenticated (which we know they already are because of the previous filter) and since they are, they are permitted and Postfix stops looking for more matches because it's found one that permits the user to perform their requested action.
As chef Elzar says, "Bam!"


text:
Agile and lean methods are transforming the management culture worldwide.
People will be not working, they will be enjoying life as they work.
When I decided to change the home page of my website and include this picture upfront, I thought for myself – why are you doing this?
I do not subscribe to the intellectual discipline of starting with the 'why question', before doing anything. That would be preventing me from enjoying life as it happens, moment by moment. But I am adamant about asking the 'why are we doing this?' whenever it concerns my professional practice. Otherwise, the value I generate to my employers or customers would be mechanical and easily replaceable by the value of employing a clever robot.
I am not sure that organizations in the XXI need that much robots, no matter how clever they can become. Instead, organizations are in desperate need of better day-to-day decision-making, to avoid costly mistakes that constantly happen out of miscommunication, work attitude, or simply lack of preparedness.
If you think your organization would perform better if you had a bunch of robots rather than human workers, then this article is not for you. Please stop reading.
If you agree that the challenges of managing human beings are worthwhile the pains, no matter how stubbornly insisting they can be, then you would be surprised by knowing more about the power of teams and how they can ease such daily management pains to the levels of comfort and pleasure.
If you are working in an organization that deals with IT, chances are that your company may already be experiencing the benefits of agile methods and teamwork. The agile revolution is already making a deep impact on the productivity of many organizations as this brilliant article from Simon Conington points out:
"Three hundred years ago, there were no offices and no factories. People lived and worked at or near home, and work was judged on what you produced, not how many hours you spent working. The first office was opened in 1729 by the East India Company, and the first factory was opened in 1769. During the Industrial Revolution, this system quickly became the way most people worked. However, technology means that, for many jobs, it is no longer necessary for everyone to work in the same location, which is causing people to question whether it is the most productive way to manage our working lives. We're calling this era the Agile Revolution. Of course, it creates many challenges."
In 2016, Forbes publishes an article by Steve Denning, who convincingly argues:
"Agile's emergence as a huge global movement extending beyond software is driven by the discovery that the only way for organizations to cope with today's turbulent customer-driven marketplace is to become Agile. Agile enables organizations to master continuous change. It permits firms to flourish in a world that is increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous."
Yet, you cannot open the pandora box of going agile and savouring the benefits of teamwork within daily operations and expect that would not have an impact on the management culture of the organization overall. Agile methods, like Scrum, are like a contagious and powerful antibody against old style, conventional management. The spillover effect will eventually be reaching the C-Suite.
In a recent article by Scrum Inc, Kim Antelo poses an interesting question: Why would teams raise issues that leaders don't think are really a problem? How can we improve this communication?
There is generally a gap of perception between management and agile teams in what concerns impediments to change because a manager will always tell you, naively – "I am not making any impediments to change" – when, in fact, problems persist, customer complaints linger, general stress level increases. Finally, you may actually curse – "I wish I have a team of robots instead of people" – right? Hmmm, if you have thought about this last one, then this article was not for you. I need readers that believe in the amazing potential of human beings, especially when these are engaged by the power of team collaboration.
So why this picture was chosen? Because when you design your decision-making process as part of team collaboration, your organization will be no different from a coffee shop. People will be not working, they will be enjoying life as they work. Impromptu collaboration would be easily converted into genuine collaboration because the decision-making flows would be well understood. The values of group facilitation would be the driving force behind management and facilitative leadership will be effectively clearing any impediments to change.
Photo credits: Toa Heftiba

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tanks and equipment for validated processes.
Tanks and equipment for validated processes.
Storage tanks for tank terminals.
Equipment for innovative ingredients.
More than milk. Custom made storage and process tanks for the dairy industry.
Part of your food process.
Equipment you can rely on.
Tanks for thirst-quenching and flavoured drinks.
Craftsmanship in beer tanks.


text:
Doctor Who fans flocked to a modest, city centre cafe today as filming of their favourite show took place there.
The Trade Street Cafe behind Cardiff Central Railway Station was cordoned off for most of today (Thursday) as crew and cast assembled to build the Tardis and film scenes for episode 12 of series eight of the BBC sci-fi adventure.
New Doctor Peter Capaldi gladly signed autographs for the excited few who were hoping to catch a glimpse of what might happen during the new series.
Here's pictures of what happened:
Download our App: It's totally free to download - simply click here to download to your iOS device or click here if you're on Android
Love TV? Love @WalesOnlineTV too
Eat like a Time Lord by visiting these locations.
Doctor Who: World Tour-dis facts, figures and locations
Doctor Who, Barry Island and the incredible shrinking Tardis
Is there a Doctor Who in the house? No, but there are two new MBEs
The ultimate Doctor Who Quiz: Are you a TRUE fan of the Time Lord?


text:
If you're looking for a lever-action rifle perfect for home defense or hunting, look no further than Taylor's & Company Firearms. For 2016, Taylor's has introduced the 1886 Ridge Runner, a next-gen lever-action rifle chambered in the powerful .45-70 Government cartridge.
The Ridge Runner features an integrated rail for mounting a scope or reflex sight, a Skinner rear peep sight, a fiber-optic front sight and a removable muzzle brake. The 18.5-inch, half-octagonal barrel and receiver are matte black (hard chrome is also available) while the wooden stock and forend are covered in black "Soft Touch" rubber for enhanced comfort and control.
But that's not all. The Ridge Runner is also a takedown rifle. After ensuring the rifle is empty, pop open the action, unscrew the magazine tube and twist the barrel/magazine tube assembly. Now the fast-handling lever action easily comes apart into two halves for easy storage and transport.
For more information, visit http://www.taylorsfirearms.com.
The Reliable & Accurate Taylor's Tactical 1911-A1
Gun Review: Taylor's Tactical Compact Carry 1911
Tale of Two Taylor's: Tactical 1911 Compact Carry & Tactical 1911 Full Size
Gun Review: Taylor's 1892 Alaskan
6 Manufacturers Selling Lever-Action Rifles For Home Defense Or Hunting


text:
Kristyn Burtt
NYC Principal Dancer Tiler Peck Is Ready To Present BalletNow To A Hometown Crowd
Updated: Apr 29, 2020
There's nothing better than being able to perform back in your home state, what's even better is curating an entire weekend of dance for audiences at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion. That's exactly what New York City Ballet principal Tiler Peck is orchestrating with The Music Center's program, BalletNow, running July 28-30 in downtown L.A.
The planning process wasn't easy and it began about 18 months ago when The Music Center's vice president of program management and education Michael Solomon asked her to lead the second edition of BalletNow.
More: American Ballet Theatre's West Coast Presence Inspires A Generation of Dancers
"I immediately said, 'yes, please!' says Peck to Dance Dish. "To curate — it's a first for me — but it's something I take a lot of pride in."
Peck took some time to think about what ballet means to her in 2017 because the art form is constantly evolving, not only with technology, but also with the training of dancers.
"Dancers are asked to cross genres now and work with choreographers outside of ballet," she explains. "We have a lot of range and versatility."
She picked pieces from masters like Jerome Robbins, Kenneth McMillan and naturally, George Balanchine. Peck was also looking for new voices in the dance community, so she asked friends like Justin Peck and Christopher Wheeldon to participate in the performance weekend as well.
"Justin's work doesn't get shown much here in California," she says. "I think it was important to have his work on the program since he's moving ballet forward. And no one creates a better pas de deux than Chris."
More: Ballerina Joy Womack Reflects on the Legacy of NYCB Star Yvonne Mounsey
The NYCB principal promises something for everyone with three different and diverse evenings to choose from — from tutu to unitard ballets. Her choice of dancers ranges from American Ballet Theatre principals Isabella Boylston and James Whiteside to tap dancer Michelle Dorrance and So You Think You Can Dance Season 12 finalist Virgil Gadson.
A unique aspect of the program is the duet between Peck and vaudeville-style stage performer and Tony-winner Bill Irwin. The piece "Time It Was/116" will be a part of the Saturday night performance.
"I love his physicality with comedy. He's been teaching me clown elements and I've been teaching him ballet," she says enthusiastically. "I want to work with people who are not only the best dancers, but who also move me when I watch them."
It has been 12 years since Peck has performed at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, so it means a lot to her to be dancing in her home state. She also appreciates working alongside female leaders like The Music Center's president and CEO Rachel Moore as Peck is the first female to curate the BalletNow program.
More: ABT's Sarah Lane Gets Real: Her First Season as a Principal Dancer
While Peck's next goals involve her continuing principal work with New York City Ballet, she's definitely open to some of the commercial dance opportunities here in Los Angeles. She has known So You Think You Can Dance choreographer Travis Wall since she performed with him in the Broadway revival of The Music Man in 2000 and she collaborated with him in 2010 for Dancing With the Stars.
"I would love to do that especially since I grew up with Travis Wall," Peck says. "I watch all of the dance TV shows and love the work that Nigel Lythgoe is doing."
The BalletNow weekend also coincides with The Music Center and Dizzy Feet Foundation's National Dance Day on Saturday, July 29. While Peck does have a rehearsal during the day's events in Grand Park, she's hoping to shoot a video with some of the BalletNow dancers to honor the day.
Have you subscribed to our YouTube channel yet?
Need a gift idea for a dance lover? Check out my Amazon page for gift ideas. If you make a purchase using the link included, we may earn a small commission.
Looking to join a dance community? Dance Dish with KB is on Facebook! Don't forget to answer the two questions for admission to the private group.


text:
SHINE is immediately seeking an I&C Field Engineer to initiate and complete the design, construction and commissioning activities needed to bring the SHINE Medical Isotope Production Facility into commercial operation.
A good fit for a hands-on construction-based and flexible engineer with a focus on I&C scope elements, and able to interface with Structural, Welding and Electrical engineering to identify and resolve issues, this position offers the opportunity to perform a wide variety of different engineering activities.
Duties and Responsibilities:
Specific duties and responsibilities include, but are not limited to:
SHINE Technologies is a nuclear technology company committed to improving the lives of patients around the world. The company is focused initially on the commercialization of medical isotopes. Molybdenum-99 is a diagnostic isotope used to diagnose heart disease, cancer and other diseases. Lutetium-177 is a therapeutic isotope could revolutionize cancer treatment. SHINE's unique expertise and experience have created isotope production processes that not only will deliver products that help physicians and patients, they will solve critical supply chain problems in the United States, Europe and other global markets. SHINE's nuclear technology is part of its long-term growth strategy to solve some of humanity's biggest problems, including the generation of carbon-free energy from nuclear fusion.
Eligibility for employment is conditioned on the applicant's ability to qualify for access to information subject to U.S. Export Controls. Additionally, applicant's eligibility may be conditioned based upon meeting the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements for access to Safeguards Information, which typically requires a pre-employment drug screen, fingerprinting and criminal background check.
SHINE values diversity in all its forms as a critical component of innovation, which is fundamental to our success. Every member of the SHINE community benefits from the talents and experiences of our peers, from the mutual respect we exercise, and from the responsibility we take for our actions.


text:
Here's an Alfred workflow that you can use to browse and open VSCode projects (or any other IDE projects).
It returns a list of projects available from a list of paths that you can specify in its configuration.
Since the code required to run it is minimal, I'm not sharing the compiled workflow, but you can build it this way:
1. Create a "Script Filter" input:
python -c '
import os, json
paths = [
output = { "items": [] }
for path in paths:
file_name_list = os.listdir(path)
for file_name in file_name_list:
file_full_path = path + "/" + file_name
if (os.path.isdir(file_full_path)):
output["items"].append({ "title": file_name, "subtitle": file_full_path, "arg": file_full_path })
print json.dumps(output)
paths variable is a list of paths where you have your projects.
2. Create a "Run Script" action:
# Change this to whatever IDE you want to use
open -a "Visual Studio Code" $path
Et voilà, you can now use Alfred to browse and open your VSCode projects.
Yeah… this workflow can be optimized in several ways (e.g.: using env vars instead of hardcoded paths), but it is working well enough for my use case.


text:
Social Distancing + Seniors — The Story of My Mother-In-Law's Move
Everyone has a story right now. Obviously. Right? I mean, this is like nothing we've ever seen. And not only are we experiencing the reality of what's happening on the planet. We're experiencing it in our cities and on our screens. I hit my points where, for my own mental health, I need to unplug from the Covid-19 news. When I seem to snap, I find, is when I see footage of people not taking this seriously.
We're asking people to stay home, and when you have to go out keep a safe distance and practice good hygiene. We're not asking you to cross the ocean to go defeat Hitler. What's being asked shouldn't be that hard. That is, it shouldn't be that hard if you can see beyond yourself.
I wanted to write about a little bit of our story this week. Miles' mom, Eve, is in a beautiful retirement community. She got on a waiting list for her apartment years before moving in. It's a beautiful space with lots of room for sentimental and material things so precious to her. A 9 room, sunlight filled, happy space, up high overlooking our nation's capital and the beautiful monuments and architecture that houses our American government.
Today is my mother-in-law's 88th birthday. It's such a tremendous milestone in her life. We cannot visit. And she is not in her beautiful apartment in the sky.
For her safety, she has moved to the third floor area that has an outside terrace. She now resides in one room. She needs some extra help, and that extra help is no longer available to her in that gorgeous apartment. That was suspended because of the coronavirus.
I was very ignorant to the total reality of what it is like for many senior citizens with this virus looming. I assumed there would be a natural fear in our elders, knowing that you're in the most vulnerable part of the population would, of course, stir that emotion. But I did not get that they too would be asked to sacrifice for the health and existence of the greater good at this time. I incorrectly imagined that they would live in a retirement community bubble where life would go on for them as they know it but it was us that had to take precautions. Not so.
Here is an image I got off of a friends Facebook about the importance of social distancing.
I thought it was a powerful visual of what social distancing can to to minimize the devastation of the coronavirus. And make no mistake, at my mother-in-laws retirement home they too are social distancing.
Let me tell you the story about Eve's move this week. I wish I had photographs to illustrate but I didn't think it would be a story. Not one I would write anyway. Especially on our blog about living your best life in your hometown and in your travels. lol. But I guess, as this virus affects the planet and her people, this does currently relate to living your best life. We sure will appreciate life more when this is done. Besides, I view this as the point where everything changed.
Late Tuesday morning Miles, his brother, Drew, and I arrived at the Resort (that's what we call Eve's retirement home). The place is gorgeous. Impeccably decorated. It has a studio for you to create art in and a gallery to display it. There's a theater for movies and lectures. A grand piano in the center of its community space. State of the art gym. Indoor pool. Library. Study. Three dining experiences. A market. And what I call the beverage space that boasts a soft serve ice cream machine, carbonated soda dispenser, and self serve fancy coffee.
That fancy coffee was first on my list when we got there. I wanted a coffee while orchestrating the move.
We knew some measures went into place at the Resort. So based off of what we were able to read our plan was for Drew to go get their mother. They were going to take her out to lunch and explain things to her. I was going to hang back and handle the move and decorating her new space.
When we arrived there was a long table immediately when you entered. Two people in masks were sitting there to screen us. Our temperatures were taken as we stated our business. They hand sanitized us and we were then allowed into the lobby.
"I'm going to get a cup of coffee while you check us in," I declared zipping over to where I often grab a cup to take up to Eve's apartment. It was dark and there was someone standing there to tell me it was closed. I was somewhat simultaneously stunned and thought: makes total sense.
Then I noticed that the main dining room was closed. And, then, I saw the line of our elders standing there, six feet apart, in line to pick-up a box lunch to go back to their own space and eat by themselves.
Tears flew down my face. And it is a cry that is completely new to me since the Coronavirus Pandemic. I don't mean to sound overly dramatic, but it's like it's my cry for humanity. It happens before I can even process the thought. It's raw. Heartfelt. Instinctual.
I quickly got myself in check. I didn't want to insight any additional fear in them. Emotion is contagious. I didn't want them to feel my sadness and fear. No. I wanted them to feel my love and respect for them coming from, the CDC recommended, 6 feet away.
As I walked back to the lobby where Miles and Drew were waiting, I saw them chatting with the team of social workers, Jessica and Aaron, that I knew would be helping with the move. I could tell things were different before I was close enough to even hear the words.
"One person can go in," said Jessica. "Ok, so Drew will go get her . . ." said Miles. "I thought Jennifer was moving her? I really want it to be only one in, not one in at a time. You can visit when all of this lifts." Aaron said, "don't worry if you forget something we will be here and can go get it for her tomorrow."
Oh my God. What news. Wow. Yet another unbelievable thing in this crazy time.
I went into the building which has such a strange energy, found my mother-in-law, and delivered her to her boys who were waiting with box lunches for them to eat in the car. They drove around to show her the cherry blossoms and some of the beauty in this world. And explained what was happening to her because of the ugliness currently affecting this world.
When Eve returned from her outing with her beloved boys, Jessica brought her up to the new space where I greeted her. I, again, explained what was happening and show here where everything was in this new space. I was the last bit of family allowed to be with her during this time.
There are moments and actions in your life that you can really look back on and be super proud of. Making that space as comfortable, inviting, and homey, as possible for Eve is one of those moments for me.
What's not something I'll look on fondly from my life — or even really think about. Hanging out at a beach when you could have self isolated and socially distanced to keep your own loved ones, and the loved ones of your loved ones, safe and healthy.
We're all one. Wake up. Do your part. That's what you will be proud of.
p.s. If you're not already, please follow along on Instagram!


text:
In a previous article, I presented the AVRILOS round-robin operating system. In this article, I will describe the process and tools to generate FPGA configuration data for integration into your code and be able to configure FPGA devices without the need of an external serial or PROM/Flash. This will reduce chip count if you integrate FPGAs with a microcontroller as I often do. I will also present a makefile for compiling the Xilinx FPGA code. In a following article, I will present how to download and use this code from AVRILOS.
I will present the process of how to generate the C file with the bitstream information for configuring the Xilinx Spartan FPGAs, although you can apply this technique to virtually any serially configured device. I will provide any necessary tools (and their code).
Microcontrollers are very popular because they can easily control systems and they are flexible. Nowadays microcontrollers have bigger memory capacities and a bunch of peripherals that can do almost everything. Another class of devices that have similarities with microcontrollers is the programmable logic devices called CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). These are devices that are programmed in hardware description languages (like VHDL, Verilog, System C) and their primitive functionality is down to flip-flop and gates, something which is a low level comparing to microcontrollers. The good thing about these devices is that they can be reprogrammed (like microcontrollers) and do easily functions that are better implemented in hardware. For example, it is a nightmare to do a bit permutation in software, while in hardware this operation will need no more than wiring connections - not even gates! One drawback is that most SRAM based FPGAs need an external serial PROM/Flash that holds their configuration program (aka. Their code). This program is transferred during start-up to internal FPGA SRAM.
As I design both FPGAs and microcontrollers, my favorite setup is to make combo designs. I use a microcontroller for my main logic while I add up an FPGA for peripheral expansion. FPGAs offer logic gates, Flip-flops and many I/O which I can use to extend a conventional AVR DIP40 package. Because I have enough memory to the microcontroller, I include the FPGA configuration inside the Flash eliminating this way the external serial PROM/Flash.
In this process presented here, I assume that you know how to write, simulate, synthesize, place & route and generate the final bit-stream of the FPGA. Although I will present this technique for Xilinx Spartan devices, you can use virtually any device (and microcontroller of course).
The aim of the project is to provide or demonstrate a flow for generating C code from FPGA tools bitstreams that can be used to configure FPGAs from microcontrollers thus omitting specific external PROM/Flash.
The tools for FPGA Spartan development:
Other tools that you might need:
The directory structure is as follows:
There are two major directories, HW and SW.
Let's concentrate on this directory structure of FPGA.
The root makefile (named makefile) resides on the scripts/ directory of FPGA.
Of course, you can prefer the GUI offered by WebISE and avoid this hard core command line craziness. The beauty of makefile is that I do not need to remember where various GUI options exists after a few months or years where I need to do improvements or start complete new designs. It is more difficult for first-timers but after going that way you will not like to return… Each compilation will be exactly same today, tomorrow or next year on a different machine. If you upgrade the tools the script will break if a parameter meaning has changed and thus you will provide the needed attention to fix it (in a focused attention manner). Of course, you are free to go in a more manual and comfortable GUI way.
There are two possible flows which are very similar. One for FPGA which is the original flow I was using for configuring FPGAs. In this flow, I use the slave serial configuration interface to program the FPGA by the microcontroller. The microcontroller (AVRILOS) code for this flow was developed by me.
A very good document for programming Spartan FPGAs by using the slave serial configuration algorithm is shown in the next link:
The information presented here can be used for most FPGAs that supports slave serial configuration (aka newest generations).
The second flow is used for CPLD where you download the program only once to internal CPLD flash memory through the JTAG interface. I used this method successfully to program Xilinx CPLD. However the microcontroller code was adopted by Xilinx Application Notes XAPP503 and XAPP058 available here:
Code from Xilinx is available here:
Alternate sources (based on Xilinx code):
The flow for programming the CPLD is shown below:
Keep in mind that CPLD XSVF files are large (eg around 50K for XC9572XL).
You will also need a synthesis project file (.prj) which contains the VHDL files for the project. For Example: top_cpld.prj.
vhdl work "../vhdl/top_cpld.vhd" (add all your project files).
vhdl work "../vhdl/top_cpld.vhd"
Keep in mind that the flow presented here on, will relate with the FPGA design flow and not for CPLD, although the process is similar.
The makefile assumes you have synthesized your design and the netlist resides in the EDIF directory. Then it executes the Xilinx tool chain flow in sequence (or in a step by step manually):
make NET
make MAP
make PAR
make TIMING
make BITFLASH
make AVR
make fpga
make cpld
In the beginning of the makefile, you will see the following definitions:
The TOP design is the base name of the design. The netlist should have this as it's a basename. In this case, the top_fpga.edif will be the netlist required for compilation.
#Name of TOP Design
The part to compile for, is stated on the next variable:
#Part To Place & Route
The selected part stated is a Spartan device, PLCC 84 package, -4 propagation delay. Consult your Xilinx manual for other specific devices. This makefile is used with Spartan4K devices. For newer devices, you should consult your manual for commands and options.
I am using the first generation of Spartan devices because I could use them with simple PCBs (I could use a through hole PLCC socket on experimental PCBs) and they use 5V which is compatible with many peripherals and the AVR CPU as well.
In the cfg/ directory, you will find the corresponding constrain file that locks the individual pins to specific locations. If you have already a PCB or you do a design iteration, you will need to specify pin locations for your I/O. Example definitions of pin locking inside this file are shown below:
NET "Clk" LOC = "P29"; #SysClk
NET "MCUClk" LOC = "P13";
NET "MCUData" LOC = "P14";
NET "MCUFrame" LOC = "P18";
NET "MCUData" PULLUP;
NET "pulseout<0>" LOC = "P19";
NET "pulseout<1>" LOC = "P20";
NET "pulseout<2>" LOC = "P23";
Also in the same directory, you will find the configuration options for the bitstream generation at the file with .ut extension.
In the past, I have done many variations of this tool, but none was complete. I relied on third party tools for Intel Hex translation to binary and the main converter tool was not so friendly.
In this release, I support both direct binary files as well as Intel Hex files as input.
So you can manually convert a .hex file to .bin and then input the .bin file the converter. Or you can directly use the .hex file for C code translation. File formats (and extensions) accepted:
Parameters accepted are:
-o AVRILOS
–o CFILOS
–f hexval
–f 0x55
You can use whichever option suits best your needs. This tool might be used to other relative purposes for binary to C translation as well.
The first section performs the OS setting checks and sets the internal variable v_os to the corresponding OS requested. Default is AVRILOS.
The next section determines the extension of the input files. The determination of the input destination base name is done by reverse scanning the filename and getting the last three letters. Buffer overflow is also checked (filename should be less than c_DESTLEN [200] chars). This is done in order to avoid cases where the file path is something like "./file.c" where the dot character is seen multiple times in the file path.
After the input file extensions are known the converter determines the file format by the extension. In case of input files of type .bin or .xsvf the actual type is raw binary. In case of .hex or .mcs the input file is a Hex file and the hex file parser is used.
After filename determination, the corresponding input and output files are opened. First, we write the header file which depending of the OS requested could be a little different just for various MCU architectures and compilers.
Depending on the file type, there are two parsers used. One for binary, which is very simple binary to ASCII converter. The second parser is more complex as it reads the Intel HEX format. Each line is parsed, the checksum is checked for errors, and then the record type is determined. This is accomplished by the function f_GetHexLine. Also a virtual record pointer is updated depending of the record type and its address field. If an empty (unprogrammed) area is detected (address not continuous) then the fill value is used to fill this area. Default value is 0xFF.
Then the actual C source file is generated.
A header file is generated as well for reference that will match the C table declaration in the C file. In the above illustration we convert the CPLD SVF file to XSVF. However the makefile provided generates directly XSVF through iMPACT (The xilinx programming tool). Using this makefile, the svf2xsvf502 converter is not needed.
Open a command prompt at the <project>/hw/fpga/scripts.
Assuming you have synthesized you code (after simulation) and the edif/ncf netlist is ready, you can compile for Xilinx toolchain (NET, MAP,PAR, BITGEN, AVR).
Also, I assume that the cvtfpga3.exe file is in your system path.
So in the script directory, run the command:
make avr
This command will try to execute the full flow for generating the .c/.h final files.
An example output is shown below:
Netlist Parsing: top_fpga, Part: xcs05-4-pc84
cd ../xilinx/
ngdbuild -p xcs05-4-pc84 -uc ../cfg/top_fpga.ucf -dd ../xilinx ../edif/top_fpga.edf
Release 4.2.03i - ngdbuild E.38
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
Command Line: ngdbuild -p xcs05-4-pc84 -uc ../cfg/top_fpga.ucf -dd ../xilinx
../edif/top_fpga.edf ../xilinx/top_fpga.ngd
Launcher: Executing edif2ngd
INFO:NgdBuild - Release 4.2.03i - edif2ngd E.38
INFO:NgdBuild - Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reading NCF file
Writing the design to
Reading NGO file
ngo" ...
Reading component libraries for design expansion...
Annotating constraints to design from file "../cfg/top_fpga.ucf" ...
WARNING:NgdBuild:383 - A case sensitive search for the INST, PAD, or NET element
referred to by a constraint entry in the UCF file that accompanies this design
has failed, while a case insensitive search is in progress. The result of the
case insensitive search will be used, but warnings will accompany each and
every use of a case insensitive result. Constraints are case sensitive with
respect to user-specified identifiers, which includes names of logic elements
in a design. For the sake of compatibility with currently existing .xnf,
.xtf, and .xff files, Software will allow a case insensitive search for INST,
PAD, or NET elements referenced in a .ucf file.
WARNING:NgdBuild:385 - Found case insensitive match for NET name 'Clk'. NET is
WARNING:NgdBuild:385 - Found case insensitive match for NET name 'MCUClk'. NET
is 'mcuclk'.
WARNING:NgdBuild:385 - Found case insensitive match for NET name 'MCUData'. NET
is 'mcudata'.
WARNING:NgdBuild:385 - Found case insensitive match for NET name 'MCUFrame'. NET
is 'mcuframe'.
WARNING:NgdBuild:385 - Found case insensitive match for NET name 'MCUData'. NET
is 'mcudata'.
Attached a PULLUP primitive to pad net mcudata
Checking timing specifications ...
Checking expanded design ...
NGDBUILD Design Results Summary:
Number of errors: 0
Number of warnings: 0
Writing NGD file "../xilinx/top_fpga.ngd" ...
Writing NGDBUILD log file "../xilinx/top_fpga.bld"...
NGDBUILD done.
Netlist Mapping: top_fpga, Part: xcs05-4-pc84
cd ../xilinx/
map -p xcs05-4-pc84 -o ../xilinx/map.ncd ../xilinx/top_fpga.ngd ../xilinx/top_fpga.pcf
Release 4.2.03i - Map E.38
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reading NGD file "../xilinx/top_fpga.ngd"...
Using target part "s05pc84-4".
MAP spartan directives:
Partname = "xcs05-4-pc84".
Covermode = "area".
Pack Unrelated Logic into CLBs targeting 97% of CLB resources.
Processing logical timing constraints...
Verifying F/HMAP validity based on pre-trimmed logic...
Removing unused logic...
Packing logic in CLBs...
Running cover...
Undirected packing...
Running physical design DRC...
Design Summary:
Number of errors: 0
Number of warnings: 2
Number of CLBs: 97 out of 100 97%
CLB Flip Flops: 154
4 input LUTs: 168
3 input LUTs: 59 (45 used as route-throughs)
Number of bonded IOBs: 17 out of 61 27%
IOB Flops: 4
IOB Latches: 0
Number of clock IOB pads: 1 out of 8 12%
Number of secondary CLKs: 1 out of 4 25%
Number of startup: 1 out of 1 100%
15 unrelated functions packed into 11 CLBs.
(11% of the CLBs used are affected.)
Total equivalent gate count for design: 2222
Additional JTAG gate count for IOBs: 816
Writing design file "../xilinx/map.ncd"...
Removed Logic Summary:
145 block(s) removed
43 block(s) optimized away
126 signal(s) removed
Mapping completed.
See MAP report file "../xilinx/map.mrp" for details.
Device Place and Route: top_fpga, Part: xcs05-4-pc84
cd ../xilinx/
par -w -ol 1 -x ../xilinx/map.ncd ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd ../xilinx/top_fpga.pcf
Release 4.2.03i - Par E.38
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
Constraints file: ../xilinx/top_fpga.pcf
Loading design for application par from file ../xilinx/map.ncd.
"top_fpga" is an NCD, version 2.37, device xcs05, package pc84, speed -4
Loading device for application par from file '4003e.nph' in environment
Device speed data version: D 1.3 FINAL.
Resolving physical constraints.
Finished resolving physical constraints.
Device utilization summary:
Number of External IOBs 17 out of 80 27%
Flops: 4
Latches: 0
Number of IOBs driving Global Buffers 1 out of 8 12%
Number of CLBs 97 out of 100 97%
Total CLB Flops: 154 out of 200 77%
4 input LUTs: 168 out of 200 84%
3 input LUTs: 59 out of 100 59%
Number of SEC-CLKs 1 out of 4 25%
Number of STARTUPs 1 out of 1 100%
Overall effort level (-ol): 1 (set by user)
Placer effort level (-pl): 1 (set by user)
Placer cost table entry (-t): 1
Router effort level (-rl): 1 (set by user)
Extra effort level (-xe): 0 (default)
Starting initial Placement phase. REAL time: 0 secs
Finished initial Placement phase. REAL time: 0 secs
Starting Constructive Placer. REAL time: 0 secs
Placer score = 96660
Placer score = 81240
Placer score = 72120
Placer score = 67080
Placer score = 63180
Placer score = 60240
Placer score = 57000
Placer score = 54420
Finished Constructive Placer. REAL time: 0 secs
Dumping design to file ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd.
Starting Optimizing Placer. REAL time: 2 secs
Swapped 7 comps.
Xilinx Placer [1] 52980 REAL time: 2 secs
Finished Optimizing Placer. REAL time: 2 secs
Dumping design to file ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd.
Total REAL time to Placer completion: 2 secs
Total CPU time to Placer completion: 1 secs
0 connection(s) routed; 824 unrouted.
Starting router resource preassignment
Completed router resource preassignment. REAL time: 2 secs
Starting iterative routing.
Routing active signals.
End of iteration 1
824 successful; 0 unrouted; (0) REAL time: 2 secs
Constraints are met.
Dumping design to file ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd.
Starting cleanup
Improving routing.
End of cleanup iteration 1
824 successful; 0 unrouted; (0) REAL time: 3 secs
Dumping design to file ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd.
Total REAL time: 3 secs
Total CPU time: 3 secs
End of route. 824 routed (100.00%); 0 unrouted.
No errors found.
Completely routed.
The design submitted for place and route did not meet the specified timing
requirements. Please use the static timing analysis tools (TRCE or Timing
Analyzer) to report which constraints were not met. To obtain a better result,
you may try the following:
* Use the Re-entrant routing feature to run more router iterations on the
* Check the timing constraints to make sure the design is not
* Specify a higher placer effort level, if possible.
* Specify a higher router effort level.
* Use the Multi-Pass PAR (MPPR) feature. This generates multiple placement
trials from which the best (i.e., lowest design score) placement can be used
with re-entrant routing to obtain a better result.
Please consult the Development System Reference Guide for more detailed
information about the usage options pertaining to these features.
Total REAL time to Router completion: 3 secs
Total CPU time to Router completion: 3 secs
Generating PAR statistics.
Dumping design to file ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd.
All signals are completely routed.
Total REAL time to PAR completion: 4 secs
Total CPU time to PAR completion: 3 secs
Placement: Completed - No errors found.
Routing: Completed - No errors found.
PAR done.
Generating Configuration Bitstream for FLASH download: top_fpga, Part: xcs05-4-pc84
cd ../xilinx/
bitgen ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd -m -w -f ../cfg/bitgen_cclk.ut
Release 4.2.03i - Bitgen E.38
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
Loading design for application Bitgen from file ../xilinx/top_fpga.ncd.
"top_fpga" is an NCD, version 2.37, device xcs05, package pc84, speed -4
Loading device for application Bitgen from file '4003e.nph' in environment
Opened constraints file ../xilinx/top_fpga.pcf.
Wed Apr 06 22:28:27 2011
Running DRC.
DRC detected 0 errors and 0 warnings.
Creating bit map...
Saving bit stream in "../xilinx/top_fpga.bit".
Creating bit mask...
Saving mask bit stream in "../xilinx/top_fpga.msk".
Bitstream generation is complete.
cp ../xilinx/top_fpga.bit ../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bit
Generating AVR C Configuration file
promgen -u 0000 ../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bit -p bin -c FF -o
../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bin -w
Release 4.2.03i - Promgen E.35
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Xilinx, Inc. All rights reserved.
0x1a5c (6748) bytes loaded up from 0x0
Using generated prom size of 8K
Writing file "../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bin".
Writing file "../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.prm".
cvtfpga3.exe ../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bin
../brd/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.c -t AVRILOS
Ilialex Research Lab, Convert FPGA V3.01
Convert a binary file (ie/ .bin, xsvf etc) to a C file
Convert an intel Hex file (ie/ .hex, mcs etc) to a C file
To be used for CPLD/FPGA in embedded systems
Input File: ../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bin
Output File: ../brd/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.c
Base: ../bit/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.bin, Ext:
Input File ok
Output File ok
Output Header File ok: ../brd/top_fpga_xcs05-4-pc84_flash.h
Total Bytes Written: 6748
After the makefile finishes, you may copy the output files from brd/ to your software development tree. For AVRILOS, you should copy the .c/.h files to the ../../sw/avr16/src/applic/cfg. But more on these steps we will discuss in the next article.
In this article, I presented a simple flow for embedding FPGA/CPLD configuration data in C source code. I also provided an example makefile that controls compilation of Xilinx FPGA using command line only. Some pointers to relative documents and code are provided as a reference to build your own code. I also provided a consolidation tool that gets direct FPGA/CPLD tool output and generates the corresponding C file with proper definition of variables ready to integrate to AVRILOS. In the next article, I will describe more in depth the AVRILOS & FPGA integration and control.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)


text: The newly opened Hyatt Regency Hengqin is located at Hengqin in Zhuhai City, the heart of the Greater Bay Area. The hotel is within easy reach of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge linking Hong Kong with Zhuhai and Macau. The hotel has 493 contemporary guest rooms, 6 restaurants and bars offering an abundance of local and global culinary experience, as well as 3,757 sq m of banqueting and conference facilities, making Hyatt Regency Hengqin the prime destination for leisure, business and conference travelers. Flo Spa has 6 treatment rooms, including 4 private single treatment rooms and 2 luxurious double treatment rooms, equipped with imported spa facilities and organic products from PHYT'S and I Plus Q.


text:
ThinkNear: Just in Time
Restaurants constantly struggle with an unbalanced clock. During the afternoon on a weekday, restaurants can be empty with no customers to serve. You might even see a tumbleweed rolling past. But at night, and on a weekend? Some restaurants have to turn people away. Why can't there be a balance between the two? Wouldn't it be better for those shops to get more business on those lazy afternoons? Enter ThinkNear.
ThinkNear, a New York City based startup, is helping businesses make the most of their day. By signing up for their services, which cost $99/month, companies can tell ThinkNear what hours they're at their slowest. The companies enter what discounts they'd be willing to give out, and ThinkNear takes care of everything from there. On certain apps that customers use, ThinkNear publishes those discounts. ThinkNear also sends out push notifications and occasionally text messages to inform people of the cheap prices. The discounts can only be used for that slow period of time before expiring. ThinkNear also sends out these coupons when other events impact customers' preferences, like weather, special events and holidays. The coupons also target locations, so customers only get them when they're near the store of note.
Just like SinglePlatform, this is another startup that's helping small businesses stay relevant as more finder apps come into play. But using the time of day as a factor sets it apart. One of the issues that businesses have with services like Groupon is that they have to honor the coupons at all times. So if a customer comes in with a Groupon during the busiest time of day, the store still has to allow that customer to use it. With the discount and the splitting of the bill with Groupon, the company suffers a major profit loss. ThinkNear is affordable for most companies and only offers discounts when shops are desperate to give them out. That's a win for both the customers and the owners. As finder apps keep growing, ThinkNear has a chance to grow right with them.


text:
Following recent overseas expansions into the United Kingdom, Central and Eastern Europe, and Australia, OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network and Discovery Networks International today announced the continued international expansion of OWN, with the launch of an exclusive OWN programming block in South Africa!
Slated to launch on October 17, the block will be exclusively available to DStv subscribers on TLC Entertainment, the new name for TLC in South Africa and 40 Sub-Saharan markets.
"Oprah couldn't be more proud and honored to share her new television programs with South Africa," said Erik Logan, President, OWN. "This an exciting milestone moment in our continued international expansion."
"Oprah is truly a beloved figure around the world, but no more so than in South Africa," said Luis Silberwasser, Executive Vice President and Chief Content Officer – DNI.
The rest of the story via press release from OWN follows:
In South Africa, the OWN block – programmed with popular series including OPRAH'S NEXT CHAPTER, OPRAH'S MASTER CLASS, OPRAH'S LIFECLASS, OPRAH BEHIND THE SCENES and SUPER SOUL SUNDAY – will be packaged in two weekly offerings. 'My OWN Thursday' will offer DStv viewers a line-up of the most talked-about primetime OWN hits, including OPRAH'S NEXT CHAPTER featuring high-profile interviews with today's biggest celebrities including Beyoncé, Rihanna, LL Cool J and the family of the late Whitney Houston. On Sundays, SUPER SOUL SUNDAY presents a timely, thought-provoking and inspiring block of programming designed to help viewers awaken to their best selves and discover a deeper connection to the world around them.
TLC Entertainment will continue to offer fan-favorite series like CAKE BOSS, LONG ISLAND MEDIUM and HERE COMES HONEY BOO BOO, in addition to a hand-picked selection of the biggest hits from the OWN. Since 2012, TLC has been the #1 Lifestyle channel in South Africa with women 20-49 and in particular, among black women; and TLC was recently named Broadcaster of the Year at the 2013 SATCOM awards.
OWN content has performed particularly well on TLC, with OPRAH AND LANCE ARMSTRONG: THE WORLDWIDE EXCLUSIVE ranking #1 in its timeslot across all channels on DStv and as the highest-rated show across the Discovery portfolio in South Africa with a share of 7% with viewers 15+. In addition, THE OPRAH WINFREY LEADERSHIP ACADEMY FOR GIRLS and OPRAH'S NEXT CHAPTER: JUSTIN BIEBER were both amongst the top 3 shows on TLC in 2012 with audiences 15+.
About the OWN programs:
OPRAH'S NEXT CHAPTER: Viewers join Oprah for in-depth, one-on-one interviews with some of today's biggest newsmakers and celebrities including: Beyoncé, David Letterman, Drew Barrymore, Fergie, Jennifer Hudson and Kelsey Grammer.
OPRAH'S MASTER CLASS: Oprah uncovers the successes, failures and lessons of some of the most brilliant and famous people of our time, including Jay-Z, Simon Cowell, Diane Sawyer, Lorne Michaels, Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Sidney Poitier, Dr. Maya Angelou – and even Oprah Winfrey herself.
OPRAH'S LIFECLASS: Taking the role of a teacher alongside handpicked experts, Oprah highlights the lessons and principles that guide her life.
SUPER SOUL SUNDAY: The multi-award winning series inspires viewers to become the best they can be and find a deep connection to the surrounding world. During this inspiring block of programming, Oprah sits down with top thinkers, visionaries and authors to discuss themes of happiness, spirituality and personal fulfillment. Notable guests include Elie Wiesel, Wayne Dyer, Gary Zukav, Debbie Ford, Marianne Williamson and Ram Dass.
OPRAH BEHIND THE SCENES: For the first and last time, The Oprah Winfrey Show opens its doors to invite viewers behind the scenes for the making of the farewell season. See what happens off-camera as the staff, guests and Oprah herself reveal a side the public has never seen of one of television's most popular and enduring series.


text:
> Folk Music > Records > Martin Long: The Climbing Boy
Martin Long: The Climbing Boy
The Climbing Boy
Sweep CD001 (CD, UK, 1994)
Produced by Graeme Taylor;
Recorded at Von's Recording Studios, Islington, Ideal Sound Recorders, Finsbury Park, and Chiswick Reach Studio, Chiswick;
Mastered at Porky's Digital Mastering, London by Denis Blackham;
Artwork by J. Etheridge & Partners;
Photography by Guido Rincon
Martin Long: vocals, acoustic guitar, cittern;
Graeme Taylor: electric and acoustic guitars, mandolin, cittern, backing vocals;
Philip Pickett: crumhorns, shawms, recorders;
John Kirkpatrick: button accordion;
Val Cutler: violin;
Jon Davie: bass guitars;
Howard Tibble: drums;
Barbara Kelly: backing vocals
- Take Me Back This Time (2.56)
- Wales Song (2.24)
- Will You Pity the Climbing Boy? (3.46)
- John Chamberlain (2.21)
- April Fool (2.35)
- Are You Thinking What I'm Thinking? (4.14)
- Limbo (Roud 969) (4.56)
- Fairlop Boat (2.32)
- Van Diemen's Land (Roud 519; Laws L18; G/D 2:252) (5.14)
- In Your Smile (3.12)
- Johnnie in the Morning (2.47)
- Nantucket Days (3.55)
- And She Did! (0.50)
All tracks Martin Long except;
Tracks 7, 9 trad. arr. Martin Long, Graeme Taylor;
Track 10 Jon Rennard
> Folk Music > Records > Martin Young: Botany Bay
Martin Young: Botany Bay
Botany Bay
Sweep CD002 (CD, UK, 2001)
Arranged, recorded, engineered and produced by Graeme Taylor in
May-November 2000 at Elfstrum Studio, Morden, Surrey;
Mastered at R.M.S Studio, London;
Cover design and photography by Penelope Horn
Martin Young: vocals, guitar, cittern;
Graeme Taylor: electric and acoustic guitars, keyboards, midi programming, backing vocals;
Nancy Kerr: violin, viola, backing vocals;
James Fagan: bouzouki, backing vocals;
John Kirkpatrick: melodeon, button accordion, concertina;
Jon Davie: bass guitars;
Michael Gregory: djembe, doubaka, tambourine, snare drum, shakers;
Keith Thompson: oboe, flute, whistles; sopranino, descant, tenor and treble recorders
- Romney Tower (3.53)
- When Darkness Falls (3.03)
- When the King Enjoys His Own Again (4.19)
- Jim Jones at Botany Bay (Roud 5478) (3.57)
- Rambling Preacher (2.16)
- When I Find My Wings (3.36)
- Rolling and Flowing (3.46)
- Come All You Garners Gay (Roud 3; G/D 6:1180) (6.03)
- Long Looked for, Come at Last (Roud 1643) (2.28)
- Bungee Jumping for Jesus (3.33)
- Woodbine After Rain (2.53)
- Janitors and Jailers (3.28)
Track 1 Bob Kenward;
Tracks 2, 6, 11-12 Martin Long;
Tracks 3-4, 8-9 trad. arr. Martin Long, Graeme Taylor;
Track 5 words Martin Long, tune trad.;
Track 7 Dylan Bustin;
Track 10 Keith Donnelly


text:
08/07/2022 / By Ethan Huff
White Plains City Court Judge John Collin delivered the maximum sentence to three pro-life activists, one of them a Catholic priest, who tried to counsel women to choose life rather than murder inside a New York abortion clinic.
Father Christopher "Fidelis" Moscinski, along with William Goodman, both 52, and Matthew Connolly, 40, were convicted of third-degree criminal trespass, a misdemeanor. They will now have to go to jail for three months.
As part of a "Red Rose Rescue" at All Women's Health & Medical Services on November 27 of last year, the three men entered the baby murder facility with red roses and attempted to give them to women on the verge of murdering their babies.
"You were made to love and be loved," read a Miraculous Medal note attached to each flower. "Your goodness is greater than the difficulties of your situation. Circumstances change. A new life, however tiny, brings the promise of unrepeatable joy."
All of the women smiled upon receiving a rose, according to Goodman. And one of them engaged in a "relatively long" conversation with the men, who described the experience as a positive one. (Related: Numerous Jewish groups and the Satanic Temple agree that abortion is a religious ritual.)
For two hours, the men remained inside the facility despite requests from staff and police to leave the premises, according to the Westchester County District Attorney's Office. Eventually, police officers carried the men out of the building to arrest them.
At no point did the Red Rose Rescuers block entry into the abortion clinic, nor did they restrict in any way the women's ability to proceed with the operation.
"All they did was hand out roses to the patients in the waiting room and offer them alternatives to abortion and supportive services," said Steve Anduze, the men's attorney, to Matt Spillane of the Rockland / Westchester News.
"They were telling them that there were services available to them. They had the opportunity to choose a different path. They wanted to save the lives of the unborn."
Even so, district attorney Miriam "Mimi" Rocah, an obvious abortion lover, pushed for a maximum sentence against the men for daring to "interfer[e] with a patient's right to access" what she described as "medical and reproductive care."
Monica Miller, Director of Citizens for a Pro-Life Society and co-founder of Red Rose Rescue, told LifeSiteNews that the three men all expected to receive the maximum sentence, considering the location in which the incident occurred.
"All through the trial earlier this year, Judge John Collins exhibited bias and hostility against the rescuers, granting everything the prosecutor requested," she wrote in an email.
"Moreover, residents of Westchester County, NY are very pro-abortion, keeping in mind that New York as a state was out front early in codifying abortion through the ninth month!"
There were also numerous letters to the editor sent in to the local press demanding that the three men receive the maximum sentence, and that is exactly what ended up happening.
"But, this is not a defeat," Miller made sure to add. "No, it is a spiritual victory as Father Fidelis, Will and Matthew embrace the Cross of Jesus – they unite their sufferings to the Passion of the Lord – and many great graces will be multiplied by their sacrifice."
Miller added further that other pro-lifers should be inspired by their example and participate in Red Rose Rescues themselves, if they feel so inclined.
The latest news about abortion can be found at Abortions.news.
Sources for this article include:
Tagged Under:
abortion, bias, counseling, fascism, freedom, hostility, infanticide, intolerance, left cult, Liberty, New York, outrage, priest, prison, pro-life, Red Rose Rescuer, rigged, Tyranny
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text:
Description: Waipoua forest is magnificent having largest kauri trees but Trounson Kauri Park is rich in birdlife and gives you an idea how such forest used to look like.
In 1890 when the kauri timber industry threatened to wipe out all significant areas of Northland kauri forest, 3.34 hectares were set aside by the government. James Trounson, an early settler and sawmiller , added a further 22 hectares to this and established a Scenery Preservation Club. Trounson offered a further 364 hectares, and the area was officially opened as Trounson Kauri Park in 1921. This foreshadowed the nearby Waipoua Forest reservation of 1952. The scenic reserve now covers 586 hectares. The park is one of the predator-free mainland islands and is an enduring example of community and government co-operation.
Source: nzhistory.net.nz and teara.govt.nz
[display photography on the map]
Keywords: New Zealand, Waipoua Forest, flora, kauri, tree, Agathis australis, nature, Northland, Trounson Kauri Park, James Trounson, forest
Exif: Exposure: 1/30, Aperture: 4.5, ISO: 400
Views: 11838 ×


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Bieber's emotional tribute to Christina Grimmie
Ottawa, June 15 (IANS) Pop star Justin Bieber paid an emotional tribute to the late "The Voice" singer Christina Grimmie at a concert.
The 22-year-old heartthrob recently took out time during his concert in Winnipeg, Canada to remember Grimmie, who was shot and killed on June 10 in Orlando, US, reports aceshowbiz.com.
In one video taken and shared online by a concert goer, Bieber is seen lying on the floor and heard singing, "Grimmie, can you hear me?" in between lyrics of his song "Purpose".
He appears to be wiping tears off his face with his arm.
Grimmie was fatally shot while she was signing autographs and selling merchandise after her show in Orlando late last week. The shooter named Kevin James Loibl killed himself after committing the crime.
Grimmie was friend with Bieber's former girlfriend Selena Gomez as the two toured together years ago. The late star was managed by Gomez's stepfather Brian Teefey.
Sarah Jessica Parker surprises brides with free shoes
Los Angeles, June 15 (IANS) Actress Sarah Jessica Parker surprised three brides by gifting them shoes from her SJP Collection during their wedding dress fittings.
Brides-to-be Taylor-Rey, Hilary and Kaitlin were all having their dress and accessories fittings when the actress entered the store with a cart full of her designs and shared: "I think I'm more excited than anybody."
The moment was captured on video for Brides magazine, reports femalefirst.co.uk.
Meanwhile, Parker, who wore a black dress for her own wedding to Matthew Broderick in 1997, recently said that if she was getting married again, she would have gone for a more traditional gown.
She said: "If I were getting married today, I'd likely wear cream, just to have that bridal experience. Now I would want my dress to have an Oscar de la Renta feel, pockets below the waist, a very fitted bodice, a huge skirt, in taffeta or duchesse satin. That silhouette appeals to me because it's old-fashioned yet can look very modern."
And the "Sex and the City" star only considers her own opinion when buying shoes for herself.
She said: "I think about not what I find sexy or what I think makes me look good; I wear what makes me feel good. And I don't mean that's a practical decision. It's not like a heel feels great all day long.
"I can't think about somebody else. If I'm that results oriented, then it's not going to be me and it's not going to be sexy, because I'm going to be wearing somebody else's idea of sexy."
Reese Witherspoon tells stories through fashion
Los Angeles, June 15 (IANS) Actress Reese Witherspoon likes to be able to tell a story through fashion and says she is "very motivated" to tell stories that haven't yet been told.
"The South is on fire right now. I'm a storyteller, and fashion is storytelling, too. This has put me in a new sphere of influence. I'm very motivated to tell stories which haven't been told," Witherspoon told Glamour magazine, reports femalefirst.co.uk.
However, the 40-year-old actress says she was initially nervous about starting her own business with no previous experience in retail or distribution.
"Starting a new business at the age of 39, not knowing anything about retail, distribution, e-commerce, net sales, I had a huge learning curve. It's all my own money, all my own time," she said.


text:
Network Rail has been fined £500,000 and ordered to pay costs of £23,421 following a prosecution brought by the Office of...
28th June 2013
Members and staff from 3 Raymond Buildings completed a 7.5k assault course run on 23/06/13.
James Lewis QC, Matthew Butt,...
24th June 2013
The legal director and company secretary of Torex Retail Plc was today found not guilty of conspiracy to defraud the group's...
21st June 2013
The Administrative Court dismissed a judicial review brought challenging the reinstatement of a police Inspector on appeal...
20th June 2013
Clair Dobbin is currently representing four Police Officers in the inquest into the death of David Emmanuel aka Smiley...
19th June 2013
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text: Maybe they are books, emails, or Google ads, but we all read. Reading is consumption and we should mind what and how we consume. Starting my seventh and the last term as a psychology student at Harvard, I reflect on what the encountered chapters, authors, and researchers taught me about 'good reading'.


text:
This elegant one bedroom apartment is picture perfect. Located on the 25th floor the City Point Suite offers outstanding views of the Melbourne city skyline. Sit back and enjoy a nice glass of wine as you gaze into the city lights that surround the Suite. Perfectly located the Suite is a short walk to Southern Cross Station and Etihad Stadium.
|Flat Screen TV and DVD player
|Fully equipped kitchen
|Queen Bed
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|Tea & Coffee
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The City Point Suite is a one bedroom apartment. The sleeping arrangements include a queen-sized bed in the bedroom and a double-sized convertible couch in the lounge room. Prices are based on a twin share arrangement (two guests in same bed/bedroom). The Queen bed in the bedroom cannot be split into twin beds, however linen for the sofa bed can be provided for an additional charge when only 2 guests are staying at the property and would like separate beds. The City Point Suite will sleep up to 4 guests, however recommended occupancy is 2 guests. Secure undercover parking for one vehicle is included in the cost of your accommodation. The City Point Building has high security and therefore guests must pre-arrange an arrival time with our concierge to ensure access to the building. We offer wonderful discounts for stays of 3 or more nights, please click BOOK NOW for details.


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There is no denying that the number of DDoS attacks has been increasing everywhere around the world, new variants of attacking tools and techniques have been made available to the attackers much faster than we have seen in the past. Based on the statistics we have collected for Australia, the number of DDoS attacks have been increased roughly 25% each year, and we believe that number could become around 30,000 attacks per month by end of 2020.
The largest DDoS attack targeting Australia in 2017 is around 228 Gbps in June, although these kinds of multi-gigabit attacks always catch our attention, they don't really happen very often. Almost 80% of the DDoS attacks seen in Australia are under 2 Gbps, but still could possibly overwhelm the bandwidth of the internet connection for a lot of enterprises.
Another interesting observation is that the number of DDoS attacks between 10 to 50 Gbps has been steadily increasing from last year. Given the fact that the attackers are getting more weapons in their arsenal – for example, IoT and mobile devices, this means the size and frequency of the DDoS attacks will keep growing.
When we look at the countries where most of the DDoS attacks were being sourced, we have observed that countries such as the US, China, Korea, UK and Germany are usually at the top of the list. As DDoS attacks are typically sourced from infected computer devices (notnets), countries with a high computer population may also have a high infected rate, particularly if pirated software is being used to a large extent in that country.
In recent years, with the arrival of IoT botnets, such as Mirai, some Asian countries with a high deployment rate of IoT devices have also been seen as major sources of DDoS attacks.
If we turn our focus from the source country to the destination country being attacked most often, we then find the countries which are on the top of the list of the attacking sources, are also high on the list for the receiving side.
A possible reason could be that the high computer population and adoption rate in the country also means a lot of business is being conducted over the network, such as the financial sector, consumer sector, government and so on, giving the attackers more targets to aim for.


text:
This week, WRNN is looking for a weekend senior producer, and is still on the hunt for a reporter. KABC is hiring an investigative producer, and WRC is looking for a weekend web editor. Get all the details on these jobs and more below, and find additional just posted opportunities on mediabistro.com.
- Weekend Senior Producer WRNN (Rye Brook, NY)
- Investigative Producer KABC (Los Angeles, CA)
- Reporter WRNN (Rye Brook, NY)
- Web Editor WRC (Washington, DC)
- Senior Reporter Public Insight Network (Saint Paul, MN)
For more job listings, go to the Mediabistro job board, and to post a job, visit our employer page. For real-time openings and employment news, follow @MBJobPost.


text:
Katryn Celliers
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text:
Oh my, so many FMs getting released lately It's about time the summer holidays start over here, too! Downloading now...
I'm very happy to announce that my newest FM, The Shipment, has been released! This is the first part of a three-mission series, called The Greyfeather Gems. Hopefully the other two missions will be released within a reasonable amount of time.
You can get it from Thiefmissions.com.
A big thankyou to epithumia for hosting the mission.
Additional links (added by nickie):
The Circle
The Keep
EDIT: If you want to know what you're getting into, go to my site for mission info and screenshots.
Last edited by nickie; 22nd Jun 2012 at 12:36.
Morrgan's Dark Projects: my FMs and FM reviews - 10.03.2008: All for a Night's Sleep updated to v1.1
Oh my, so many FMs getting released lately It's about time the summer holidays start over here, too! Downloading now...
Yaaay! I've been looking forward to seeing this one. Thanks, Morrgan!
Downloading now
My god...I thought I was going to have to play Return To Na Pali again...thanks for rescuing my sanity!
Bleh, too many 56k downloaders on Thief Missions, I can't get it now.
Come get it on #thief-fms, Haunt. I have it in my files now.
INCREDIBLE mission. I enjoyed it very much. The architecture is especially good. The city isn't boring and one levelled, neither are the interiors. Balanced very good (at least on normal.)
Infact, there's not much I can say that's bad about it right now. I'll have to play it on higher difficulty levels.
spoiler:That whole alley-warehouse-drunk-guy thing had me very confused though
Ah, this is a very enjoyable city mission; I love those The architecture is great, very three dimensional, as Sarik said. I liked the FM's subplots, and the security system of the bank was quite interesting, too.
I played the mission on normal, since I wanted to make excessive use of my blackjack, but I'll give it another go on Expert later on.
Now I'll have to wait for the sequel... any progress yet?
Ditto to the architecture and multi-dwelling apartments etc. Hard to beleave that so much was packed in such a small area and yet I never felt claustrophobic while playing the FM.
The 'drunk' subplot really got me goiing. When I first saw him I was more than happy to knock some sense into him. Soon, however, I was feeling sorry for him when I read the next note; and later on still I wished I had killed him instead (couldn't though since I was playing on EXPERT). Very well done. Only gotspoiler:.2 out of the 4 secrets so I guess I'll just have to go back in and find them.
Excellent Mission! 3 of 4 secrets and only 300 short of total loot. Look forward next mission!
Just wanted to thank you for giving me an opportunity to play this first-class offering. I wouldn't think it at all out-of-place if the official Thief 2 trailers included glimpses of this FM.. It just has the proper atmosphere to it (and believe me when I say I'm especially picky about an atmosphere matching or failing to match the Thief universe as I see it), and it's very obvious you spent a lot of time perfecting. I knew right away I was in for a treat: you spent enough time on the txt briefing and write well! Yes, it's true some don't speak/write English as a first language, and some have their own reasons/excuses, but one can't overplay the importance of a well-written introduction and in-game texts (think Purah, Xarax, Banshee, Christine). I hope I am not 'jumping the gun', as I have only been playing for a few minutes, but the architecture and city layout is really good so far! Kudos for taking the time to make excellent LGS-par (auto)maps too! I have such a bad sense of direction and get lost even with the most detailed of maps, so I am relieved someone spent the time on an auto-map! You got it goin' on boy (or girl); I am very much looking forward to the other two in your 'Greyfeather Gems' series. Let's have a cheer for the FM communities newest VIP .
deadman. (see, Linda, I can do the complimenting thing too !)
"I cannot see anything admirable in stupidity, injustice and sheer incompetence in high places, and there is too much of all three in the present administration." -M.M.Kaye, The Far Pavilions
LOL! Very well said, Deadman. (Morrgan is a lady, by the way.) I haven't played all of the mission yet, what I have played has been excellent. It's very nicely designed and great fun to explore. I'm looking forward to finishing it tomorrow.
Geez, I'll never get my own mission done if you guys keep releasing great new missions to play!
Really, I'm very much looking forward to this one, I remember drooling over the screenshots several months ago.
I'll add my voice to the rest:
Great mission, it does a great job in fitting in with the Thief OM atmosphere. The architecture is well designed, the map was GREAT, not too many AI, not too few, realistic objectives, and I dunno, it just felt like natural Thief. I can't wait for the rest
A 'lady'? So that means she's out of my league, I guess (only 20)?Originally posted by Nightwalker
(Morrgan is a lady, by the way.)
I'm just glad Morrgan decided to include alternate areas to explore (other than the two main objectives). I don't want to say It's annoying, but it's almost peevish when one comes across a beautiful city with only facades of doors and windows and nowhere else to go but their destination. Poo. I hope they weren't taffing us when they said we could explore an entire city district in Thief III.. ^_~ Done in a Grand Theft Auto III style, huh? Must play it to get an idea..
"I cannot see anything admirable in stupidity, injustice and sheer incompetence in high places, and there is too much of all three in the present administration." -M.M.Kaye, The Far Pavilions
great mission, although somehow i have managed to stump myself looking for that last secret, and 1 pickpocket short, wonder who it was since they all still walkin and talkin, 25 short on loot, so either there is 25 in that last pickpocket or 25 left in the secret, nice added bonus obj., great sneaky mission.
secrets ahead dont look if want to spoil, just want the fourth one.
spoiler:secrets i found, 1) secret warehouse, 2) coat hanger, 3) fireplace in manor, any ideas on the fourth, cause if its elizas it didnt count as one?
great mission i enjoyed it immensely !
Thankyou for the feedback everyone! I'm so glad you like it. I've been nervous all morning at work, waiting for a chance to check this thread.
Eshaktaar - The second part has the terrain pretty much done and most of the AIs and objectives in place, but gameplay needs a lot of polishing. I've just started on the third part, so that's still so time away.
deadman - Thankyou for the kind words, especially about the atmosphere. You're right, I spent many months tweaking all the details. I have noticed in other threads that you can critizise (sp?) when needed, so the feedback is much appreciated.
As for the briefing text, the praise for that should go to Vigil. English is only my third language, so I decided to get help from an English-speaking person to set the right mood from the start. He's also the one who made the maps for me, and in my opinion he did an excellent job indeed!
wild_inferno9 - About the last secret:
spoiler:The fourth one can be found in Lord Carleis' bedroom. EDITED for clarity: by "bedroom" I meant Carleis' whole suite on the top floor.
Last edited by Morrgan; 7th Jul 2003 at 07:16.
If there's a Thief 4, I would definitley nominate Morrgan to be part of the design
Awesome architecture, I found it very inspiring! I especially loved the Mechanist
Downloading now...judging by the screenshots, this FM should be great fun to play. Thanks Morrgan
This mission was wonderful! Great architecture, and I love well laid-out, explorable city missions.I stayed up way too late playing it *grin* I wound up 200 (I believe) short on loot, which is probably inspoiler:I never could find the key for it...the green safe upstairs in the seminary in that horribly difficult room to get into! well perhaps not difficult, but very slow and painstaking, which was difficult due to being tired from being up so late!
Oh, another question:spoiler:Was there only one optional objective? I got the one about the heirloom necklace, just making sure I didn't miss another one!
Thank you, Morrgan! I'm really looking forward to the next installments.
The most excellent mission in a while, very worthy of this place. Thank you for all the hard work and whatever you do, don't stop working on missions now. I'm looking forward o seeing more missions from you in the future.
I finally finished tonight with all the secrets but short 25g. of the total loot available. I'll have another go at finding it tomorrow. This is a gem of a mission which is a joy to play! Thanks very much Morrgan and I'll be looking forward to Part 2 when it's ready.


text:
Richard Westbrook took the class lead when Connor De Phillippi ran out of fuel in the final minutes and stretch his own fuel mileage to take a dramatic GT Le Mans class victory in Sunday's Continental Tire Road Race Showcase at Road America.
It was the fourth consecutive IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship class win for Ford Chip Ganassi Racing.
Westbrook, renowned for his fuel saving abilities, stretch his tank 1 hour and 4 minutes but let overall winner Colin Braun through as he was coming to the checkered flag, ensuring not to make an additional lap.
BMW Team RLL appeared poised to take the first win for the BMW M8 GTE when they elected to short-fill the No. 25 car on the final pit stop, vaulting De Phillippi to the class lead.
The American pulled away from the field on multiple restarts in the final stint and had a secure lead over Westbrook when he ran dry.
De Phillippi made it to pit-in but failed to make it over the hill, resulting in a sixth place result in class.
Tommy Milner and Antonio Garcia finished second and third, respectively for Corvette Racing, while Porsche 911 RSR machines of Earl Bamber and Patrick Pilet completed the top-five.
It was a tough outing for the class pole-sitting No. 66 Ford of Dirk Mueller and Joey Hand, who entered the weekend as the championship leaders by a single point.
The day went awry in the second hour when Mueller slowed on track after apparently damaging the suspension by running over the curbing in Turn 1.
Mueller brought the car to the pit lane and the team replaced a broken a-arm but lost multiple laps in the process.
Hand and Mueller finished seventh in class and have dropped to third in the title race, 9 points behind teammates and new championship leaders Westbrook and Briscoe.
Wright Breaks Through for First GTD Win
Patrick Long started on pole, Christina Nielsen ran up front during her stint, then Long brought the No. 58 Wright Motorsports Porsche 911 GT3 R home in first to take the first GT Daytona class win for the Ohio-based team.
Long made the pass for the class lead with 44 minutes to go and never relinquished the top spot, cruising to a margin of 3.186 seconds over the No. 48 Paul Miller Racing Lamborghini Huracan GT3 of Bryan Sellers.
Sellers and co-driver Madison Snow extended their GTD points lead over Meyer Shank Racing's Katherine Legge by virtue of their runner-up result and an eighth place class finish for Legge and Alvaro Parente in the No. 86 Acura NSX GT3.
A frantic closing stint by Alessandro Pier Guidi in the No. 63 Scuderia Corsa Ferrari 488 GT3, resulted in a third place class finish after contact with multiple cars, with the No. 96 Turner Motorsport BMW M6 GT3 losing the podium position on the final lap.
RESULTS: Continental Tire Road Race Showcase


text:
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text:
"Witnesses Worthy of the Name" (Acts 5:29-42)
Today we begin a series of sermons based on readings from the Book of Acts. Recently many of you went through a several-month-long Bible study on the Book of Acts, and hopefully that will still be somewhat fresh in your mind. In any case, I think it will be timely and helpful for us to reflect on these glimpses of life in the early church, for in many ways the time of the early church, the conditions they faced, parallels the situation of the church in our day. They lived in a world that was either hostile toward, or ignorant of, the Christian faith. And so do we. Most importantly, the church in the first century and the church in the twenty-first also have this in common: We have the same mighty Lord, the same Savior, the same power and blessing from on high, to give us life and to guide our mission.
We will gather these sermons under the theme, "Witness, Mercy, Life Together." If those words sound familiar, that is because they are an emphasis for the church that is being raised by our synod's president. But "Witness, Mercy, Life Together"–those words are not merely a catchy slogan or a slick program. No, rather, witness, mercy and life together are living realities for the church in any century, in any place. These are perennially relevant aspects of the church's life and work, because the church is connected to Christ, and thus these truths will never change. Witness, Mercy, Life Together–we will see these themes emerge throughout this whole series on the Book of Acts.
In today's text, the aspect of "Witness" comes out the strongest: the apostles bearing witness to the name of Christ, even in the face of strong opposition and hostility. And so our theme this morning: "Witnesses Worthy of the Name."
"Witnesses." What is a "witness," exactly? A witness is called upon to testify to what he has seen and heard. And that is what the apostles were called to do. They had been with Jesus during his ministry, they had heard his teaching, they had seen his miracles–they had seen Jesus himself risen from the dead. And their risen Lord told them, "You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, in Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth." So that is what they have been doing when we encounter them in our text. They have been testifying in Jerusalem, speaking the words of life, teaching in the name of Jesus.
But for this, they get in trouble with the Sanhedrin–the Jewish ruling council, the same bunch that had gotten Jesus killed. They get in trouble with them again–this is not the first time. Previously the chief priests had ordered the apostles not to teach in Jesus' name. And now they get called on the carpet for violating that order.
Peter, the leading apostle, answers for the group: "We must obey God rather than men. The God of our fathers raised Jesus, whom you killed by hanging him on a tree. God exalted him at his right hand as Leader and Savior, to give repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins. And we are witnesses to these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him."
But notice how the apostles continue to bear witness, even as they are standing there under the threat of punishment. This is instructive for us, both as to the content and as to the courage of their witness.
The content is consistent with the message of the apostles in the Book of Acts. It always focuses on the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ and the preaching of repentance and forgiveness in his name. Christ crucified, Christ risen, exalted now to God's right hand, the position of highest authority and honor. Jesus Christ, "Leader and Savior," calling all men now to repent of their sins and to turn to him in faith to have those sins forgiven. That is the content of the apostolic witness.
And see also the courage of that witness. Like I say, this Sanhedrin, the council–these are the same guys who had had Jesus beaten and put to death on the cross, the same Sanhedrin that had had Peter and John arrested in Acts 4, that had all the apostles arrested earlier here in chapter 5, warning them to cease and desist, and that now has had them arrested again. But they can't get the apostles to stop, they can't intimidate them. In Peter's response, you can hear the courage in his voice, when he says, "Jesus, whom you killed, God exalted."
The content and courage of the apostles' witness sets the pattern for our own. The content does not change. We too preach Christ crucified, the Savior of the world, dying on that cross for your sins and mine. We too preach Christ raised from the dead, victorious over death and the grave. And we too call all people everywhere to repent, that is, to give up on themselves as their own god and their own savior–that will not work–and instead to trust in the only true God and Savior there is. Turn in faith to the one true God and receive forgiveness for all your sins. This message still applies today. There is nothing irrelevant or out-of-date in it. This is what all people to this day need to hear. We speak the same message as the apostles.
And we share the same courage, because we share the same Lord. When you know your sins are forgiven, and you're going to heaven, and God is on your side, watching over you, no matter what may happen to you–why, this gives you some fair amount of courage, I dare say! If God is for us, who can be against us?
"If this undertaking is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them." That's what Rabbi Gamaliel advised the council, and he turned out to be right. No one has been able to stop the church, for 2,000 years now. Jewish priests, Roman emperors, pagan chieftains, Communist rulers, cultural critics–all have tried, and all have failed. As Jesus said, "I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." This thing is indeed of God, old Gamaliel. Your prediction proved to be true. Your boys couldn't stop it; no one ever will.
Friends, it may look like the church is on the ropes. But be encouraged today: God's word will not return unto him void, but will accomplish the thing for which he sends it. Whether that is to confirm judgment upon those who reject his word, or to bring salvation to hungry and thirsty souls, our gospel witness is never in vain.
Peter and the rest of the apostles were witnesses worthy of the name. They testified truly and faithfully to what they knew to be true, and their testimony lifted up the Name, the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Content and courage connected to Christ, they could not but speak of that which filled their heart. And the same will be true for us.
The apostles were witnesses worthy of the name–worthy of suffering dishonor for the name. When once again they were beaten and charged not to speak in the name of Jesus, they left, our text says, "rejoicing that they were counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the name." Now that may strike us as strange. We would think you would rejoice to be counted worthy of receiving honor. But they rejoiced to receive dishonor! Because to be persecuted for the sake of the name of Christ is really, from God's perspective, a badge of honor. God's vote outweighs the vote of any council or the weight of popular opinion. I'd rather have God's approval than all the applause of the world. We Christians may be out of fashion with the world, but who cares?
The world's frowning attempts to shut us up–and this disapproval is coming at us from every direction these days–this will not stop us, when we stop and consider who Christ is. He is our Leader, he is the Savior of the world. And he is with us and for us. Disapproval and intimidation certainly did not keep the apostles from continuing to bear witness to the faith: "And every day, in the temple and from house to house, they did not cease teaching and preaching Jesus as the Christ."
How will you bear witness to Christ this week? Your witness may be to friendly and receptive ears–God grant that it be so! But even if you run into unreceptive, unresponsive, even hostile hearers, your witness to Christ will not be for naught. Faith speaks what the heart is full of, and there is nothing more powerful, more wonderful, to have in your heart and on your lips than the sweet and saving name of Jesus Christ!
"Witness, Mercy, Life Together": That is where we are going this Easter season, as we make our way through these readings in Acts. And to serve as a companion along our journey, I've composed this hymn that you see on your insert. It's called, not surprisingly, "Witness, Mercy, Life Together." Let me read it for you today, and then we'll learn to sing it over the coming weeks:
Witness, Mercy, Life Together,
Life in Christ, for Church and world;
Witness, Mercy, Life Together–
This shall be our flag unfurled!
Gathered, going, speaking, serving,
New life flowing from our Lord;
He shall feed us, onward lead us,
By His own life-giving Word.
Christ came down and dwelt among us,
Law and Prophets to fulfill;
Sent to save a world of sinners,
Jesus did the Father's will.
Dying, rising, then ascending,
Christ is making all things new;
Pouring out His Spirit on us,
Christ now gives us work to do.
Witness bearing, Martyria,
Bold proclaiming of the truth;
Tongues of fire on each believer,
Now as in the Church's youth.
Preaching, teaching, faith confessing,
Gospel reaching far and near;
Lord, we pray that You would open
Mouths to speak and ears to hear.
Mercy works, Diakonia,
Service done in Jesus' name;
Hearts so moved with His compassion
For the poor, the weak, the lame.
Giving, caring, helping, healing,
Love that takes the lower place;
May our lives of humble service
Show the riches of God's grace.
Life Together, Koinonia,
Sharing in a common birth;
Fellowship, with Christ the center,
We His body here on earth.
Growing, bearing fruit, forgiving,
Brothers living all as one;
Breaking bread, the Lord's Communion,
Life eternal now begun.
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit,
Triune God, whom we adore,
Source of all the Church's blessings,
Praise to You forevermore!
Guarding, guiding, still providing,
For our mission is Your own:
Witness, Mercy, Life Together–
Glory be to You alone!