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From time to time individuals appear on the stage of history whose genius can only be described as universal. Leonardo da Vinci was such a one. He was a painter, sculptor, architect, anatomist, botanist, astronomer, geologist, mathematician, inventor, writer and philosopher, In the eighteenth century a figure of similar stature was the great poet, scientist and philosopher Goethe.
From 1861 to 1925 there lived another personality whose accomplishments were even greater than those of Leonardo or Goethe and in whose mind dwelt apparently unbounded earthly and cosmic wisdom. This was Rudolf Steiner.
In England the name is usually associated with education, both general and special, but from time to time it also occurs in connection with agriculture, medicine, literature and the arts. However, relatively few people have heard it and those who have are a little vague as to its significance.
This is a cause of continual surprise to those who are more familiar with Rudolf Steiner's work since there can have been few men with such gifts in the last hundred years. The reason for this apparent oversight may well lie in the fact that he is associated with a 'spiritual' movement, known as Anthroposophy, and 'spiritual', at least in England, is suspect. It may also be connected with the fact that his achievements are so manifold as to be scarcely credible.
However, he has not been entirely overlooked.
The Encyclopaedia Britannica devotes nearly a column to him but makes poor reference to Anthroposophy.
The Nazis considered his books sufficiently important to ban them and the schools in Germany founded on his indications were closed on the admitted grounds that they encouraged individualism.
Some men of standing have, however, recognized Rudolf Steiner's greatness and may perhaps be quoted here.
The late Russell Davenport, a former editor of the magazine Fortune, would hardly be classed as other-worldly, and in his book The Dignity of Man he writes: 'That the academic world has managed to dismiss Steiner's work as inconsequential and irrelevant is one of the intellectual wonders of the twentieth century. Anyone who is willing to study those vast works with an open mind (let us say a hundred of his books) will find himself faced with one of the greatest thinkers of all time, whose grasp of the modern sciences is equalled only by his profound learning in the ancient ones. Steiner was no more of a mystic than Albert Einstein, he was a scientist rather — but a scientist who dared to enter into the mysteries of life.'
This view was certainly shared by the late Canon Shepherd, Dean of Worcester Cathedral, whose book, A Scientist of the Invisible, was written with the express purpose of introducing Rudolf Steiner to the English public.
In his book God is My Adventure, Rom Landau, writer and biographer, undoubtedly gives pride of place to Rudolf Steiner among the spiritual leaders he describes.
The founder of the celebrated mission hospital in the Congo, Albert Schweitzer, writes as follows: 'My meeting with Rudolf Steiner led me to occupy myself with him from that time forth and to remain always aware of his significance…We both felt the same obligation to lead men once again to true inner culture. I have rejoiced at the achievement which his great personality and his profound humanity have brought about in the world.' (Lambarene, November 1960.)
Naturally, there have been critics and they were particularly vociferous at the beginning of the century. Others affect a supercilious attitude.
Arnold Freeman, writer, lecturer, a one-time warden of Sheffield Educational Settlement, personally acquainted with Rudolf Steiner and an admirer of his work, writes on the cover of one of his books: 'I once sent Bernard Shaw a loaf made out of flour grown on Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophical principles.' Shaw wrote to me: 'At last, something worth while from a Steinerian.'
Perhaps the most striking tribute from a well-known person is that of the great musician Bruno Walter. In his book Of Music and Music-making, he writes of a richness brought to his old age and continues: 'It is wonderful to become a student again at my time of life. Through my entire being I feel a rejuvenation which strengthens and invigorates my relation to my musicianship and even to my music-making. But this special indebtedness of the musician becomes wholly merged in a feeling of an all-embracing gratitude to Rudolf Steiner that fills my soul and demands expression on this occasion. At an advanced age, destiny granted to me the experience of being introduced to the world of Anthroposophy and I have been able, during recent years, to engross myself in the teaching of Rudolf Steiner… There is no part in my spiritual self to which the sublime teachings of Rudolf Steiner have not vouchsafed new light and definite advancement.'
In spite of the above, it is still a fact that the name of Rudolf Steiner is little known generally, apart from in German-speaking areas. It is, therefore, all the more surprising to learn that his work has given rise to a world-wide movement known as the Anthroposophical Society which has branches and groups in most parts of the world.
Nor is that all. There are many schools working according to his indications and also homes for backward children. Working on his inspiring suggestions there are farms and gardens, clinics, artistic and study centres, laboratories for research and making medicaments.
Rudolf Steiner's literary and lecturing output was enormous. The German edition of his collected works (he was Austrian by birth) runs to 350 volumes. In German alone total sales of five fundamental works run into hundreds of thousands each. Of these, Knowledge of the Higher Worlds: How is it Achieved? and Theosophy are the most popular. (To avoid misunderstanding, it should be pointed out that the title Theosophy does not concern itself with the Theosophical movement; the word is used in its original sense of 'Divine Wisdom' or 'Understanding the Divine'.) Pocket editions have topped the million and a half mark.
There are translations of at least some of his works in all European languages as well as in Hebrew, Japanese, Hindi and Turkish. English has the greatest number but there are also many in French, Italian and Swedish. There is also an extensive literature produced by his followers.
Ever-increasing interest in the English-speaking world is evidenced by ever-increasing sales.
The Goetheanum, in Dornach, Switzerland, is the headquarters of the movement. Here there is enormous activity. Throughout the year various courses and lectures are organized by the different departments. Performances of plays, music and eurythmy are regularly given — on an average of at least twice weekly. At the festive seasons conferences are held which attract thousands of visitors.
It is the only place in the world where Goethe's Faust is periodically performed in its entirety, a fact which, in itself, has attracted the attention of the cultural world.
These, then, are some of the results of Rudolf Steiner's work but we also have to consider the phenomenon of his own personal achievements. The sheer quantity of what he produced — and this is not limited to literature — is staggering and, if for no other reason, should ensure him a place in history. It might, therefore, be worth while to take a closer look at this outstanding personality.
There exist already several biographies, including an autobiography, and it is not the purpose of this present book to give another but rather to call attention to his particular significance. (It should be mentioned that the autobiography is different from the usual run of such publications since it was written somewhat against his own inclinations in order to correct certain matters which had been misrepresented. It contains very little concerning the private side of his life.)
Nevertheless, a short sketch must find a place here, together with a few characterizations.
Rudolf Steiner was born in 1861 in what was then Austria-Hungary, but his birthplace is situated in what is now Croatia. He died in Dornach, Switzerland, in 1925.
In his autobiography he tells us that, as a child, he was aware of the existence of a supersensible world which to him was just as real as the physical, and which was just as full of objects and beings, but he also adds that he felt lonely and cut off from the rest of his fellows because no one made reference to this 'other' world.
At school and college he studied the official science course (mathematics, chemistry, physics, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology) but at the same time taught himself the classics. He also took a keen interest in literature and the arts. His degree of Doctor of Philosophy was awarded for a dissertation published later as Truth and Science.
At the age of 23 he was asked to edit an edition of Geothe's scientific works and he became a recognized authority on these matters. For a time he worked at the Goethe archives in Weimar and came to appreciate Goethe as a kindred spirit. He recognized that Geothe's view of the world was 'spiritual' like his own.
Troubled by the prevalent one-sided view on life, that is, the materialistic conception of the world, he was convinced of the necessity for a new understanding of spiritual matters. He considered that in this lay the future welfare of humanity.
To call attention to his ideas and to the fact that the time was ripe for a new spiritual impulse, it seemed opportune to accept the editorship of a journal when it was offered. Accordingly he went to Berlin to edit the Magazin fr Literatur. At the same time he joined the staff of a working men's college, and although he was able to expound many of his ideas in these circles he could only do it within limits.
By this time he had already written several works on Goethe and also one of his fundamental books The Philosophy of Freedom, also translated under the title of The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity (1894). There followed, Christianity as Mystical Fact (1902), Theosophy (1904), Knowledge of the Higher Worlds. How is it Achieved? (1904), and Occult Science — An Outline (1910).
These books were written before the Anthroposophical Society was founded and they are still the fundamental books for study. What Dr Steiner gave later as lectures are now for the most part available in book form but it must be remembered that these were not addressed to the general public. They were given to particular audiences who had perhaps asked for that special theme and they are therefore different from the works written for the public in general. He himself did not have the opportunity to revise them and did not consider the spoken word suitable to be printed. Nevertheless, had his lectures not been taken down in shorthand and later published, this immense treasure would not have been publicly available. It is also interesting to note that the content of the lectures was often influenced by the place where they were given. Lectures given at Penmaenmawr, in Wales, contain references to the Druids and those in the west of England to King Arthur.
By the year 1900 Dr Rudolf Steiner had made a certain position for himself in the world. He was nearly 40, he felt himself to have reached a certain stage of maturity and clarity as to his task in life, and, as he tells us himself, he now had the courage to speak openly on esoteric matters.
The first opportunity came when he was invited to speak to a group of theosophists where he found much sympathy with his views. He was not, however, entirely in accord with theosophical thought, particularly in the belief that Christ would reincarnate as a young Indian boy. A number of people who recognized the lecturer's significance decided to found a new society and asked him to be their teacher. Thus the Anthroposophical Society came into existence in 1913. It was reconstituted in 1923 with himself as president.
(It is worth noting that membership of this society is open to all creeds and colours, that it demands no endorsement of doctrine, and that the unifying principle is a striving for the knowledge of the spirit in man and in the universe.)
Together with Marie von Sivers, who later became his wife, Dr Steiner founded the monthly magazine Lucifer-Gnosis, in which many ideas were put forward which later appeared in the standard works. The publication was a flourishing success but had to be abandoned on account of pressure of work from other quarters.
He now lectured extensively, particularly on the gospels and the significance of the Christ impulse. He spoke only from his own spiritual investigation and knowledge. The necessity for a geographical centre led to the building of the Goetheanum, in Dornach, Switzerland.
Dr Steiner's intention was to build a permanent home for anthroposophical activities, in particular a setting for the performance of his own plays which contain his world conception in the form of drama. Hence it was not to be a mere roof and walls but had to have artistic merit.
As the Egyptians, the Greeks and the cathedral builders of the Middle Ages built their masterpieces out of a spiritual impulse, so the Goetheanum was intended to represent the impulse of the new age. As fate would have it, there were two buildings. The first was a unique and original structure with two intersecting domes, the smaller one over the stage and the larger (bigger than the dome of St Paul's in London) over the auditorium. The interior supporting columns were made of different woods; capitals and bases were carved with different motifs, each one being a metamorphosis of its neighbour. The architraves and window surrounds were also of carved wood. The whole thing was a massive architectural-plastic masterpiece, conceived and designed by Rudolf Steiner himself. This building, created at enormous cost and by prodigious effort, was destroyed by fire on 31 December 1922, by an act of malice. Its undaunted creator immediately set to work to design a second Goetheanum in a different style, to be built in ferro-concrete, but he did not live to see it completed. This building now stands on the same site as the first one.
It has already been said that, if one considers only Rudolf Steiner's sheer knowledge and creative activity, the facts are almost unbelievable. It seems impossible that one man can have achieved so much. Yet the evidence is incontrovertible.
It exists in the extensive literature, the books and the published lecture cycles.
It exists in the fields of education, agriculture, medicine, the arts.
It exists in the building of the Goetheanum and in the formation of the Anthroposophical Society.
Last but not least, it exists in the hearts and minds of men.
Dr Steiner's written works deal with philosophy, psychology, Christianity, Earth and human evolution, meditative practices, human destiny, sociology and education, but a far greater proportion of his output was in the form of lectures and a great many of these were in response to requests, often from experts in their own fields — hence the specialist courses.
Groups of doctors, teachers, farmers, actors, ministers of religion recognized that here was a man with new ideas and to all these people he gave lectures and practical advice. An astonishing fact is that he could meet them all on their own ground. The practical result of these meetings has been the foundation of establishments embodying the new impulse.
Apart from these specialist courses he continued to provide spiritual nourishment and guidance for members of the society and for anyone else seeking it, covering an immense range of subjects. Those personally acquainted with him received some special manna, not only through the friendship but in some cases through personal assistance in their work or spiritual striving. We of the next generation are aware of this through our acquaintance with those who knew him personally. The author was told the following by the person concerned, a doctor of medicine who wanted advice about certain treatments but was very reticent about making demands on a busy man's time. During the social few minutes after a lecture Dr Steiner approached him, his hand held out in greeting, with the words (or to that effect) 'Please let me know if I can help you in any way.'
This is one example of many such incidents.
One might think that this activity as 'teacher' would be enough for anyone but in addition Rudolf Steiner was a creative artist. We mentioned already his plays in which he presents Anthroposophy in drama form, but he was also personally engaged in the fields of sculpture and architecture. He was the founder of the new art of movement, Eurythmy.
And that is not all. Hundreds of people sought him out to ask for personal advice. When the Waldorf school was founded in Stuttgart to put his educational ideas into practice, he took personal interest in it, appointing the first teachers, guiding them and advising them in their work. It is said that he knew every child in the school.
In the summer of 1910, in Munich, he produced and presented the first of his dramas, 'The Portal of Initiation'. He wrote it within three weeks and conjured out of his supporters (no professionals) scenery, property, costumes, lighting, music and acting. It might be thought that some hotch-potch of an amateur nature would be the result but eyewitnesses testify to a truly professional standard.
A similar story is told of Christmas plays being produced in Berlin in 1914, where he himself demonstrated how to play one of the shepherds to such an extent that he was unrecognizable.
Andrei Belyi, the Russian writer who was closely associated with Dr Steiner for a time, reports that when he saw him demonstrating the role of Mephistopheles in Goethe's Faust, he really had a feeling of evil incarnate. On another occasion it is reported that Dr Steiner gave lifelike impersonations of both Danton and Robespierre to demonstrate how they should be acted.
Some of the visitors who attended his lectures found that the effect was so overwhelming that they could only attend a limited number in a given period. His lecturing activity was prodigious. A list of titles is a volume in itself. He travelled all over Europe, visiting the great cities at one time or another and delivering in all some six thousand lectures. One must remember that travelling in his day was not the popular and easy pastime it is today. He crossed and recrossed Europe from Oslo, Stockholm and Helsinki in the north to Milan, Bologna and Trieste in the south; from Oxford, Torquay and Paris in the west to Vienna, Prague and Budapest in the east.
To give some idea of his activity one could take a certain year or years and see what was accomplished in a particular period. For example, in 1911 (the Anthroposophical Society had not yet been founded) Rudolf Steiner visited some 40 cities of Europe and gave nearly 200 lectures. It might be thought that some of them were repeats and, although to some extent statements might be repeated, on the whole they are all different. He spoke on evolution, problems of existence, the soul nature of man, the human being in earthly and spiritual context, Christianity. For the most part these were themes on what might be called general spiritual science. He died in March 1925 but owing to illness was unable to continue his outward activity after September 1924. In the preceding years he averaged over 400 lectures annually on a wide range of themes. In 1923 he was speaking on social problems, natural science, health and illness, music, history, the seasons, Eurythmy, education and art, in addition to general Anthroposophy.
In the first nine months of 1924, he unfolded an even more phenomenal activity, giving courses to actors on speech and stagecraft; to teachers on educational practice; to clergymen on religion; to farmers on agriculture — while still cultivating and explaining Eurythmy, continuing to work on the design of the new Goetheanum, sculpting, dealing with conferences and Anthroposophical Society affairs, giving lectures and endless personal appointments.
Needless to say there was opposition from some quarters and difficulties were encountered, some of the latter caused by misunderstanding or over-enthusiasm on the part of supporters.
It is the usual thing in modern times to defer to experts, but the expert's knowledge is usually limited to his subject. That there could be someone who apparently had expertise in innumerable fields is beyond the power of most people to grasp, and such a person is therefore dismissed as a crank or an eccentric, or greeted with cynicism, but in any case not taken seriously.
The doubters, quite rightly, put the questions:
How can a person who is not an architect design such a building as the Goetheanum?
How can a man who is not a medical doctor prescribe cures?
How can a doctor of philosophy tell a farmer how to cultivate his land?
How can anyone have such universal knowledge?
The questions can be repeated in many variations. Unfortunately, for those who would denigrate or deride, the answers provide the evidence.
The activities and achievements listed above may be impressive, but we still have to clarify the special feature, the essence — so to speak — of Rudolf Steiner. What is the source of his inspiration? And the further question: What is his mission?
The biblical words come to mind: the voice of one crying in the wilderness; prepare the way of the Lord. Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand.
To say that the world is beset with problems, that the social order is rapidly deteriorating and that crises abound in all spheres of human activities is merely to repeat platitudes. To say that Rudolf Steiner has the solutions may sound sufficiently presumptuous to make the reader drop this book immediately. Perhaps it would be better to say that Rudolf Steiner has proposals which would bring about solutions but that they need willing hearts, hands and minds.
In view of the enormous strides in technology many people today view the future with some apprehension but Rudolf Steiner was calling attention to such dangers in the first years of this century. He also offered positive antidotes.
The problems, however, are not only outward. They exist in the inner being of man although ultimately they may be identical.
When the human being comes to a consciousness of himself, questions arise as to his own being, his nature, his destiny. In an age which has lost both insight and faith and has become purely materialistic, the answers are difficult to find and problems remain unsolved in the soul — hence a possible cause for the malaise in society today.
Rudolf Steiner realized that the natural scientific age and its consequences would bring about the downfall of mankind unless counterbalanced by some other influence. He felt it his mission to point this out and to bring some counter-impulse. He considered that the turn of the century (1900) was a vital point. He was not alone in this. Many other thinkers had the same view and their number has increased with the passing years but there is a difference between what the founder of Anthroposophy advocates and what is put forward by conventional reformers. The latter see salvation in democracy, universal education, social planning, a return to past moral values, perhaps believing in divine intervention. It is a patching of the old ship. Steiner requires a new one. To be specific, he considered that the time was ripe for the knowledge of the spiritual world, the Kingdom of God, to be made public and that it should be possible for all people to attain it (eventually) not through the revelation of others as in earlier times, through initiates, but by personal experience. This means effort and it is effort which has ethical implications. Repentance in this case does not mean breast-beating and feeling regretful but changing an attitude.
When we say that Rudolf Steiner has answers to world problems, it is not implied that he has some easy remedy to cure the world's ills. On the contrary, he calls for a heightened awareness and continual effort. He gives knowledge of things spiritual and demands spiritual activity.
It is of course easy to cast doubts on his statements. It is simple to deny any truth which one does not understand. Any mathematical, chemical or technical formula is a closed book to the one who does not understand it, but understanding can be acquired. The same arguments apply to spiritual science.
Obviously also, proof is sometimes demanded. But one has to ask what sort of proof will be accepted. In the sense of results of laboratory experiments no such proof can be given but one can see whether results, following one's own experience, justify statements. This is not so far removed from proofs asserted in natural science and which are accepted on this basis.
It is obvious that Rudolf Steiner's own gifts were exceptional. He had the faculty of entering a world which is closed to most of us and this he could do in full consciousness. He had spiritual vision, extended consciousness — call it what you will. He claimed to speak only of his own experiences and to give the results of his own investigations. Let us recall Davenport's words — 'a scientist who dared to enter into the mysteries of life'. From out of his spiritual insight, this 'spiritual' scientist was able to offer knowledge, guidance and a new impulse. It must be emphasized that Steiner's way has nothing to do with so-called spiritualism or mediumship whereby certain experiences may be obtained by a dampening down of the consciousness, or where there is a phenomenon of knocks, voices or materializations. The distinctive factor is his clear, fully-conscious method of development and investigation and the manner in which the facts are recorded and related to physical phenomena. For anyone who takes the trouble to study it, the synthesis of his whole work confirms its truth.
Moreover, Steiner gives detailed instructions on how to attain the knowledge which he had and tells how, although he had a natural gift in childhood, he still had to develop his own faculties. This was achieved through years of study and meditative exercises, enabling him to investigate the spiritual worlds with the same discipline that a scientist brings towards the study of nature. There is nothing mystical or spooky about his method.
Through his spiritual faculties Rudolf Steiner was aware of the influence of demonic powers on people's way of thinking and wished to counteract this. It is significant that in his inner struggles the Christ impulse was the sustaining factor. He states, 'At this time of testing I succeeded in advancing further only when in spiritual perception I brought before my soul the evolution of Christianity.' He felt that he was commissioned — so to speak — by the spiritual world to speak of spiritual matters.
Knowing the reality of the spiritual from personal experience he found it difficult to sympathize with the socio-economists who considered that only material-economic forces determine development and that the spiritual is a sort of ideo-imaginative superstructure. He was convinced that the answer to world problems was not to be found in economics or politics. Religion or spiritual knowledge has been the source of inspiration in the past and this is still the case although it now has to be acquired in a different way.
The influence of great men stretches far beyond the period of their lifetime. Looking back into history we can think not only of religious leaders but of such a personality as Aristotle, who represents the culmination of a certain development in Greek thought life, and whose influence extended for the next two thousand years. Aristotle directed thinking to sense-experience. It was a historic development of a human faculty. Now when Steiner declares that the powers of thinking shall be raised to a perception of spiritual reality, and shows the way to do it, this is an equally historic development of a human faculty. In time, perhaps people will look upon Steiner as a new Aristotle.
What Carlyle says of Goethe's ideas could apply equally well here: 'There is in them a New Time, the prophecy and beginning of a New Time. The Cornerstone of a new edifice for mankind is laid there.'
The late Arnold Freeman, knowing that he was approaching the end of this life, writes as follows: 'I am convinced that Steiner had exact, detailed, comprehensive — in the fullest sense 'scientific' — experience and knowledge of super-physical aspects of existence; that he could speak of the Spiritual World with the same sort of confidence with which the physical scientist talks of the material things with which he is familiar. I am convinced that he has laid, unshakably, the foundations of a greater science of the future.'
Rudolf Steiner leads, through natural scientific thinking, to the spiritual world. He writes, 'I look back to what I said between 1897 and 1900 as something that had to be said in contrast to the way of thinking at the time. I look back also at what I experienced in my most intensive spiritual probation. I learnt thoroughly where the disintegrating and destroying forces of civilization lie. And from this knowledge much strength came to me which I needed to work out of the spirit.'
This then is Rudolf Steiner's impulse and his mission: to investigate the spiritual worlds and to bring knowledge of the spirit to earthly understanding; to give a scientific explanation which justifies the claims of religion; to create a bridge between the physical and the spiritual world. That which he gave to the world he called Anthroposophy.
You are now reading from the introduction of Roy Wilkinson's book on Rudolf Steiner and Anthroposophy. To read this chapter from the beginning click here
Anthroposophy and Spiritual Knowledge
There can be no simple answer to the question: What is Anthroposophy? If we had a word like the German Weltanschauung, we might describe it as such. The nearest we can get in English is 'conception of the world' but this sounds dry and academic. Perhaps we could first dispel a few illusions and say what it is not. It is not a system, nor a collection of theories, nor a cult, doctrine or dogma, code or sect. It is too universal.
According to the scholars the word itself is composed of Anthropos, meaning man, and sophia, meaning wisdom or knowledge. But the derivation of anthropos is of some significance. It is a word which means 'turning upwards'. An anthropos therefore is a person who looks up into the heights. Thus the sense of the word Anthroposophy would be 'wisdom or knowledge of the person who considers the source of his/her life to be in the heights', i.e. knowledge of the spiritual as well as the physical human being.
Rudolf Steiner uses the word as synonymous with spiritual science. Why should he use the word anthropos (man)? It could be argued that spiritual science is divine wisdom, i.e. 'Theos' (God). Man is, however, of divine creation. He is one with the world. 'Man,' says Rudolf Steiner, 'is the answer to the world riddle.'
Hence Anthroposophy is a body of knowledge concerning the spiritual in man and in the universe.
To get some idea of what is involved we might consider the state of mind of a child of 12 or thereabouts who begins to think about itself and the world. Questions arise in the soul. Who am I? What am I? What is life about? The questions may not be consciously formulated but they are certainly there in the background.
Fundamentally they never go away. They may recede into the background as a person becomes more and more involved in day-to-day existence. He may possibly find answers which satisfy him for a while, but to the thinking mind the quest for truth is eternal. Is there a God? Is there a meaning to life? Is there life beyond the grave? What happens after death? Whence does man originate? What is his goal? What lies hidden behind the visible form?
To understand the world, knowledge of the physical must be complemented by that of the spiritual since the physical and spiritual worlds are really but two aspects of the one. The wisdom-filled natural world is a wonderful place but knowledge of the sense-world alone does not give an answer to the riddles of existence. The human being knows this instinctively and hence the need for knowledge of the spirit arises as a need of the human soul. This knowledge is perhaps even more urgent in our present age to balance the all-pervading effect of materialistic thinking. A healthy strengthening of inner activity counteracts the exhausting effects of outer life. If a firm foundation for morality is required, the soul must have knowledge and truth.
To understand his own being is the eternal quest of every individual. Anthroposophy offers many points of view. One, for example, is to consider the human being in a certain relationship to the rest of the world. In this respect one speaks of his fourfold nature. In common with the mineral world the human being has a body composed of physical substance; with the plant he has the capacity to grow; in the feeling element he is related to the animals but as an individual he rises above the other kingdoms. Through this element in his nature he can raise himself still further. What is individual is eternal. The individual entity progresses from one incarnation to another. In the period between death and rebirth it journeys through the spheres transforming what has been acquired on Earth into capacities for the next life. It meets the higher powers, the hierarchies, referred to in the Bible under such names as Cherubim, Seraphim, Principalities and Powers.
Besides telling us the secrets of life and death Anthroposophy explains the evolution of the world and man. Originating as the product of higher beings the Earth itself has undergone various changes which might best be described as processes of densification. Man existed originally in spirit and took on a physical form in line with the Earth evolution. The relationship to existing theories of evolution and the significance of the animal world takes on a new meaning.
In ancient times human beings walked and talked with the gods. They lost this capacity and exchanged it for thinking. Thus history appears in a new light and at least one step is taken towards solving the riddle of man. But Anthroposophy also offers light on the mystery of the Fall, on the mission of the Christ, on the problems of evil, on the relationships of planets and stars to Earth and on a thousand things besides. There is however another aspect.
Anthroposophy is a path of knowledge.
The study of spiritual science itself means treading this path. The information provides food for reflection, consideration and meditation. A process of digestion induces wisdom.
In this connection it might be thought that a definite course of study might be prescribed. With most academic studies this is the case and books a, b, c, d might be recommended for reading, in that order. But Anthroposophy is not, or should not be, merely an academic study. It is a transforming substance. The information given is not of prime importance. Of greater significance is the effort made to understand it and the way it affects one's dealings with the world. Noting the facts is not sufficient. The time has come for humanity to develop its own faculties towards spiritual perception consciously, i.e. to tap the wellsprings of eternity personally. Therefore mere reading is not sufficient. Meditation and digestion are required.
It is difficult to suggest a sequence for study. There are certain fundamental works but beyond these different people will find their needs met by different books. People with common interests may find help in group study.
Although reading, absorbing and digesting knowledge as given by spiritual science will aid development, the steps along the path can be hastened by a more conscious and active effort. This means a development of moral qualities such as patience, tolerance, honesty and equanimity of soul. In short, a transformation of the human being.
In the ancient world thoughts were considered to be realities which came to man from the spiritual world. Only in Greek times, as signalled by the beginning of philosophy, did man begin to feel that thought arose in his own mind. From this we see a connection between thinking and spiritual reality. In the meantime thinking has been directed to the material world and has been schooled there. With an extension of its activity it will be possible again to perceive the spiritual, this time in a more conscious form.
Eventually, along the path of knowledge, organs of perception will be developed through which the spiritual world will be apprehended. But it must not be thought that this is the end of the road. There is no finality to the acquisition of knowledge. The boundary is the boundary of one's own capacity and this is capable of infinite extension. Thus when one speaks of spiritual vision it must be understood that the opening of the organs of perception is only the first step. One could compare this to learning the alphabet. The letters of the alphabet make words and a combination of words makes a sentence, but neither word nor sentence has any meaning without the faculty of understanding.
As vocabulary grows and study improves the mind, the faculty of understanding increases. The process of comprehension in the spiritual world is similar. Rudolf Steiner himself makes it clear that there is progression in these matters, progression which he himself cultivated and experienced.
Practical Applications
A third feature of Anthroposophy is that it is a practical science, or perhaps we should say that it has practical applications in everyday activities.
At first sight it might seem unlikely that something connected with spiritual matters, with soul development, and dealing with questions of eternity, should be practical. We should remember, however, that originally all activities were directed out of a spiritual impulse, first by spiritual leaders who received their inspiration directly but which in the course of time became tradition. The principle still holds good, however, and to quote Abraham Lincoln: 'If we would know more where we come from and whither we are going, we would know better what to do and how to do it.'
If we can, therefore, find out more about the destiny of man than is immediately apparent, then we have a guide in practical matters. Thus anthroposophical ideas have given rise to a new educational movement. The schools practising these do not teach Anthroposophy. It is a background out of which the curriculum and method of presentation and the attitude of the teacher are formed. There is a special application to curative education. Similarly there are new movements in other spheres of activity.
It is perhaps necessary here to add a note of caution, or rather two notes.
Newcomers to anthroposophical establishments or Rudolf Steiner centres will probably find much to impress them and much to their liking but they may also see or hear things which they may find very strange. This may of course be due to their meeting a fundamentally new idea. On the other hand, it could be due to some idiosyncracy of the place or people.
In the ordinary course of life it is not unknown for a person to embrace new ideas and be carried away by enthusiasm. His words and works may then bear more the mark of his enthusiasm than his understanding. This is particularly so in the world of art where there is a certain amount of controversy in any case.
This is not to pass judgement but only to pose the question as to whether Steiner's indications are always properly interpreted and carried out, and to suggest to the visitor that he perhaps needs a little time to study and digest.
The second point concerns Dr Steiner's books. It has already been pointed out that many of them contain the contents of lectures given under special circumstances. It is therefore understandable that not every book is suitable for the newcomer. A reader may open one and be shocked at the apparently unsubstantiated statements which he finds therein. One could, however, make a comparision. A beginner might pick up a book on higher mathematics and put it down again quickly as beyond him but his lack of understanding by no means invalidates the contents.
Most of what Steiner has to say can be understood by the application of the usual powers of common sense and intelligence. It is not required in the first place to believe it. There is also the test of experience. Do his ideas work? In the first place do they resolve problems in our own minds and satisfy our own inner needs? Further, can we observe the results of those ideas which have practical applications. We see them in the school, in the garden, in medicine and must answer 'yes'. As a sufferer from hay fever the writer can testify to the efficacy of the remedy for that complaint. As a consumer he can recommend the garden and farm produce. As a teacher of 40 years' standing he can commend the educational principles and, as an eternal student, endorse the opinions of Freeman, Schweitzer and Bruno Walter.
To the Reader Personally
If you have read so far you will have learnt something about Rudolf Steiner and something about Anthroposophy. Let us assume that the ideas appeal to you and that you have some wish to delve further.
You will have gathered that Anthroposophy is not an abstract science but, like Christianity, it is something to be 'lived' and you will be looking for practical advice.
One important thing is to cultivate a certain attitude. There are few saints in the world and most of us, if we are honest with ourselves, would have to admit that our minds are not always full of the purest and noblest thoughts and impulses. As human beings, however, the power is given to us not to have to follow these but to replace them with something we know is better. Positive thinking (and doing) is preferable to negative and is a prerequisite of development. There is nothing new in this. It is advice given by the sages of all times.
You may look at a book on Anthroposophy which may interest you, hear a lecture or engage in conversation and you will perhaps find ideas which are new to you — perhaps those of reincarnation, of experiences in the worlds which the human being traverses after death, of the development of 'lotus flowers'.
Such matters, if they appear strange at first, should simply be considered objectively. They should be neither accepted nor rejected but given to the mind as food for thought. If you have doubts, you may say to yourself: Does it make sense? Does it help me to understand the world in which I live?
The process may be repeated the next day and the next and the day after that. One thought may live in the soul for years. With further study, other aspects will emerge and the statements will be related to other things. Digestion is essential to development. Study is rewarding in so far as the pattern of existence will become clearer.
You will come across descriptions of events which take place during sleep and of which you are unaware. You may come to a realization that sleep is not just a blank between periods of waking but that it gives an opportunity to meet higher beings. The time may come when you feel it right to take into your sleep life the thought of committing yourself to higher spiritual powers, to taking into the spiritual world the experiences of the day where they will be judged and transformed by the beings met there. On waking, you may feel uplifted but conscious of the fact that you now return to the world in accordance with the strength given and the highest ideals.
You will find references to the connections between the living and the dead and, if you have suffered loss, you will find much consolation in the ideas of mutually giving and receiving.
Beyond this there comes conscious study of a book like Knowledge of the Higher Worlds or the relevant chapters in Occult Science and Theosophy where certain advice is given to be carried out at your will and discretion. You will find indications given not only for training your thought life but also for developing a greater sense of morality. You will learn to look back on the day's events and to judge your own actions.
If you have a philosophical mind, you might like to tackle The Philosophy of Freedom (The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity). The range of material for study is immense. At the Gates of Spiritual Science is fairly straightforward and touches on many basic ideas.
Rudolf Steiner's works are not easy reading. They are written in such a way that reading them is in itself a spiritual exercise. Studying them is therefore essential even if you find other people's commentaries helpful as an introduction.


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MIAMI — The U.S. Coast Guard offloaded approximately eight tons of seized cocaine from the Coast Guard Cutter Bernard C. Webber at Coast Guard Base Miami Beach, Fla., Monday.
The drugs were interdicted in international waters of the Eastern Pacific Ocean drug transit zone off the coast of Central and South America between early April and late May.
The haul represents the interdiction of 11 suspected smuggling vessels and one bale recovery operation. The Coast Guard Cutter Seneca was responsible for five cases, seizing an estimated 10,000 pounds of cocaine. The USS Lassen and an embarked Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment is credited with seven interdictions stopping some 6,000 pounds of drugs.
Numerous U.S. agencies from the Departments of Defense, Justice and Homeland Security are involved in the effort to combat transnational organized crime. The Coast Guard, Navy, Customs and Border Protection, FBI, Drug Enforcement Agency and Immigration and Customs and Enforcement along with allied and international partner agencies play an important role in counter-drug operations.
Transnational organized crime groups are vying for control of illicit trafficking routes and power in numerous Latin American countries, resulting in increased violence and instability. This has led to record high homicide rates in Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean with eight of the 10 countries with the highest homicide rates in the world in this region.
The Coast Guard has increased U.S. and allied presence in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Basin, which are known drug transit zones off of Central and South America, as part of its Western Hemisphere Strategy. During at-sea interdictions in international waters, a suspect vessel is initially located and tracked by allied military or law enforcement aircraft or vessels. The interdictions, including the actual boarding are led and conducted by U.S. Coast Guardsmen. The law enforcement phase of counter-smuggling operations in the Eastern Pacific are conducted under the authority of the 11th Coast Guard District headquartered in Alameda.
The Bernard C. Webber is a 154-foot fast response cutter homeported in Miami.
Seneca is a 270-foot medium-endurance cutter homeported in Boston.
Lassen is an Arleigh Burke class guided missile destroyer homeported in Jacksonville, Fla.

subset: commoncrawl


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The discovery raises concerns that the activity of these bacteria, once thought inactive at such extreme temperatures, could be making a considerable contribution to greenhouse gas production.
Scientists found that bacteria taken from the Alaskan tundra soil release gases during energy production whilst apparently in a frozen state.
This runs contrary to textbook biology, which dictates the need for freely available water to allow these single-celled life forms to function.
"Typically, bacteria in the permafrost are in a dormant state but we have found that they reproduce very slowly and respire producing gases including CO2 and methane when frozen," Dr Panikov said.
Frozen cells
Water is considered essential for life, whether at the single-cell level, such as in bacteria, or in larger animals. It helps the exchange of essential gases between the bacteria and the outside.
So the discovery of bacteria, thought to be frozen solid at such extreme temperatures, raises many interesting questions about the survival mechanisms used in these harsh conditions.
"One explanation is that the bacteria oxidise substances in the permafrost to generate heat inside themselves or that these microbes create anti-freeze compounds that keep water liquefied inside their cells."
Permafrost covers about one fifth of the world's land surface and is frozen over most of Alaska, Northern Canada and Siberia, from depths of a few centimetres to 300m (1,000ft). Long considered a major carbon sink, recent evidence suggests that the permafrost is thawing as global temperatures rise.
Even a small increase in temperature will have a significant increase on the rate of metabolic activity in these bacteria affecting the biochemistry of the soil.
If the activity of these bacteria was incorporated into models of climate change prediction, the permafrost may take on the role of a source of greenhouse gases rather than a sink.
Knut Stamnes, Professor of atmospheric physics at Stevens, believes that as the permafrost thaws the greatest threat comes from methane.
"Methane is more important than CO2 in producing greenhouse gases because the atmosphere is relatively saturated with CO2 but not with methane yet. This is a new area for exploration." said Professor Stamnes.
Life forms on other planets
In fact, methane gas was recently found by the European Space Agency (Esa) Mars Express mission in the lower atmosphere of the Red Planet and has been associated with ground ice, fuelling speculation about a biological source of the methane.
She believes that the 2007 Phoenix Lander mission to Mars will have increased access to potentially habitable zones and that if life does exist, it is likely to be found in ice first.
"Panikov's results could extend our concept of possible habitable zones to colder temperatures than previously envisioned," said Professor Sumner.
"If low temperature life does exist on another planet, we are likely to find it in ice first because we have identified many very cold, icy environments, but very few environments with liquid water, especially ones that are accessible to robotic missions."
More details on the bacteria research are due to be published in the Soil Biology & Biochemistry journal.


text: Polat Renaissance Polat Renaissance Polat Renaissance Polat Renaissance $PTypeName$Hotels $PCityName$Istanbul $PPhone$+90 212 414 18 00$PAdres$Sahil Cad. Renaissance Polat Hotel 34800 Yeşilyurt /İstanbul $PUrl$www.polatronesans.com$PMail$[email protected]$PFax$+90 212 414 19 70 Polat Renaissance Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel provides the ideal ambiance for both city-holiday tourism and business meetings thank to its advantageous location (4 km to Airport, 18 km to Centrum), comfort and special amenities for any banquets and organizations. The hotel is one of the successful hotels of the Marriott International Hotels chain and serves as esteemed brand in tourism industry due to the international quality and rich national characteristics. Renaissance Polat Istanbul Hotel has total 414 rooms most of which have sea panorama at the standard and Renaissance Club floors, as well as with its six multi-purpose meeting halls, Mediterranean, Palandöken and Ball Halls, the Hotel serves for any banquets, meetings and organizations from 15 to 1500 guests. The meeting halls are all equipped with state-of-art technologies and the Business Center brings the comfort of the office during the meetings.Various delicious tastes from world cousins are served at Daphne Restaurant & Grill, Marmara Fish, Bier Stube, and Bar Noblesse. One of the Marriott traditions, Champions The American Sports Bar Restaurant provides eating and entertainment together in a sports museum.Sport+ is open not only for the hotel's guests but also for the citizens of Istanbul for a healthier life. It serves for the members as well as hotel's guests via the biggest indoor and outdoor swimming pool of Istanbul among 5-star hotels, Cardio and Gym equipped with latest technology, massage rooms, Turkish bath, sauna and private courses.


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Having new stuff is always nice, but sometimes it's pretty important.. Even though I've talked about trying to avoid the seductive calls of new gear before, there are times when I'm the one insisting on the necessity of dropping coin at the local bike shop. Clearance sales make up a big chunk of those times, but I get most insistent around the start of a new tour.
Tours are already big, expensive events in and of themselves, so spending a few hundred bucks on new tires and chains and whatnot can seem pretty onerous. But tours are big, expensive events and finding oneself unable to smoothly climb a hill because your chain is totally shot will quickly ruin the whole experience. If your tour is ambitious in distance, terrain, or time, you might cost yourself a finish, tossing a lot of that money into the "wasted" category.
This is why my buddy Tando and I have a new stuff policy. If you're going to roll with us, you're going to do it on new rubber, with a new chain, and using new brake pads to stop you. Depending on the length of the journey, we might spring for a new cassette, too. On top of that, if there's anything of questionable age or service on a bike--cables, chajnrings, cleats--that stuff gets replaced, too. Doing all of this ahead of time removes a lot of variables on the road, thereby reducing stress and allowing us to tackle more ambitious goals.
In this way, if something bad happens, it's just bad luck and everybody deals with it and rolls on. Hard feelings are avoided. The deal has always been that if someone breaks down because they didn't prep their bike properly, they'd be on the hook for everybody's hotels and meals until the work they needed got done. Or they'd get left.
Happily, we've never had this problem, because new gear just makes sense--and it's fun to shop for it.
Still, if a refit is hard to swallow, two pieces of advice may help. The first is to shop for sales throughout the year, thereby preventing maintenence costs from bumping up against touring costs. The other is to note that these are all wear items; if your brake pads have 75% of their life left, that's great. Put new ones in for the tour, and your 75 percenters back on when you get home. Easy, and you save the stress of trying to find a bike shop on the road.
Why is all of this on my mind? Oh yeah, it's because I've just boxed everything up for a tour....


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FrontPage Extensions in Cloud Hosting
You are able to build and upload your website by using FrontPage, as all the cloud hosting that we offer support FrontPage Extensions. While a number of other providers cease the support for this feature, we allow you to choose whether you will continue using FrontPage or you'll switch to a different website design app and we have no plans for this to change. As soon as you sign in to your Hepsia Control Panel, which will be used to manage your new web hosting account, you can activate FrontPage extensions for any domain name that you host or subdomain that you create with barely two clicks. The feature is enabled straight away and our system will include the FrontPage Extensions system files in the selected folder, therefore you will be able to proceed and upload your site files without any hassle. In case you decide to move to a different application for your website, disabling FrontPage Extensions is just as easy.


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Although CBD appears to be the next great thing for the hemp and cannabis markets, other markets continue to emerge as researchers uncover the seemingly unlimited potential of the various compounds in the plant. While whole-plant extracts are generally thought of as superior, isolation of particular cannabinoids and terpenes may allow for specific formulations for different health and wellness products, as well as, specialized medications designed for difficult to treat ailments and diseases.
As extraction technologies continue to get more sophisticated, several cannabis producers are taking advantage of minor cannabinoid extractions. Likewise, in more advanced markets, savvy cannabis consumers are beginning to seek out minor cannabinoids as well.
What are Minor Cannabinoids?
As you probably know, THC and CBD garner the majority of the headlines and press time as they are the most abundant and most well-known of the active compounds found in cannabis. However, there are hundreds of cannabinoids we've only just begun to understand.
Through understanding each of the cannabinoids individually, researchers may unlock hidden secrets deep within the plant's leaves. Let's examine some of the more popular cannabinoids gaining momentum in the cannabis and hemp industries.
Cannabigerol (CBGa)
Cannabigerol, or CBGa, is often called the "The Mother Cannabinoid" as it is responsible for the creation for both THC and CBD. Because of its biosynthesis abilities, researchers are attempting to harness that power in the lab.
A recent study published in Nature shows how students at UC Berkeley were able to produce cannabinoids in a lab environment using yeast. However, CBGa also played a significant role in that process. Current research suggests CBGa may be beneficial to consumers in treating disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.
Precision Plant Molecules recently announced their CBG product innovations. By harvesting hemp early, they can extract higher levels of the precursory cannabinoid than a later harvest.
Cannabinol (CBN)
If CBG is at the forefront of the spectrum, the CBN, or cannabinol, would be on the opposite end. Created through the natural degradation of THC, cannabinol has little psychoactive effect but is thought to be powerfully sedative.
The National Cancer Institute also defines cannabinol as a cannabinoid with potential immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity. CBN is also said to trigger apoptosis in individual cells, as well as, inhibit the production of cytokines.
Research published earlier this year by Kanabo Research out of Tel Aviv, Israel shows a formulation of cannabinoids including CBN, which increases sleep duration by as much as 150 percent.
Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCv)
Last month, Flow Kana, a cannabis cultivation giant located in California, announced a new cannabis cultivar specifically bred to be rich in THCv. What is driving the demand for this unique cannabinoid? The consumer.
While most evidence at this point is anecdotal, many consumers claim cannabinoid include appetite suppression, anti-anxiety, and overall relaxation. An article from the Mercury News quoted one researcher, Dr. Michael Moskowitz, who stated jokingly about his research,
"The only thing that THCV does is it's analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it's neuroprotective, which means it protects the nervous system," Moskowitz said. "It's anti-nausea and vomiting. It helps with bone health and bone formation, it's sleep-promoting, it's anti-epileptic, it's anti-anxiety. It's a major anti-psychotic. And it helps with appetite suppression, it's anti-diabetic, and it's anti-cholesterol. Other than that it didn't do that much."
Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-8-THC)
Although this is a little-known cannabinoid, the National Cancer Institute defines delta-8-THC as having "antiemetic, anxiolytic, appetite-stimulating, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties." While research is limited here in the United States, Dr. Raphael Mechoulam ran clinical trials in Israel in pediatric cancer using ∆-8-THC to reduce nausea and vomiting with positive results.
To date, it is rare to find delta-8-THC in most commercial markets. However, Guild Extracts out of California, has been successful with commercial extractions of the cannabinoid and offer ∆-8-THC specific products. The company's website claims vaporizing the extract creates a calming euphoria without anxiety.
Cannabichromene (CBC)
CBC has also been garnering a lot of attention lately, as one of many cannabinoids that have been shown to help fight off superbugs such as MRSA. Additionally, according to Cresco Labs, CBC may play a role in the anti-cancer, anti-tumor potential of cannabis.
CBC, like other cannabinoids, is thought to be a potent anti-inflammatory that could help in treating a variety of ailments.
When we examine all of the potential held within these five tiny molecules and then remember that this is just the start, it's staggering to think of the promise that can come from one plant. Cannabis contains hundreds of active compounds such as these and many others. If the research finds even a fraction of these benefits to be accurate, we can undoubtedly expect significant medical breakthroughs in the years to come.


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City Celebrates Resident Appreciation Day – May 10
May 9, 2014
PRESS RELEASE – Cedar Hills residents are invited to enjoy a free round of golf at the Cedar Hills Golf Club! It's our way of saying "THANK YOU" for supporting the city's course. Between noon and 3:00 p.m. on Sat., May 10, residents may receive FREE green fees for 9-holes with a required cart fee of $7.00 per player. Driver must have valid driver license, and proof of residency is required at check-in. Call the pro shop at 801-796-1705 starting May 1 to reserve tee times. In addition, Sammy's Cafe, located inside the Recreation Center, will have special offers the same day between noon and 10:00 p.m. With your pro shop receipt you may receive a free ice cream cone, $5 cheeseburger and fry special, and a $2 half-size pie shake. Please come out and enjoy the day with us!


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Bowe Bergdahl returned to regular Army duty
WASHINGTON (AP) — Bowe Bergdahl, the Army sergeant who spent nearly five years as a Taliban captive in Afghanistan, was returned to regular duty Monday with a desk job that makes him available to Army investigators for questioning about his disappearance in 2009.
In a brief statement, the Army said Bergdahl is now assigned to U.S. Army North at Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston in Texas, the same base where he has been decompressing and recuperating from the effects of his lengthy captivity. SOURCE
Call me overly cautious, maybe I am, but for some strange reason I don't trust Bergdahl any further than I could pick him up and throw him, and I have a VERY sore shoulder at the present time.
Once upon a time Bergdahl would have faced a full investigation, and possibly a Court Martial, not a return to duty.
I suppose Bergdahl, I refuse to address him by ANY military rank, has been evaluated by the *shrinks*, at least I would hope so, but you have to remember this; the Ft. Hood shooter, Nidal Malik Hasan, was one OF the Army shrinks, and how many people did he kill and wound? Hasan went down on 13 counts of premeditated murder and 32 counts of attempted murder, does anyone even remotely wonder if Bergdahl might, at some point, snap and do the same thing?
His exact administrative duties were not immediately disclosed, but a Pentagon spokesman, Army Col. Steve Warren, said Bergdahl is not restricted in any way.
"He is a normal soldier now," Warren said.
I hope Col. Warren isn't basing any of this on the two most diametrically opposed words in the English language; Military Intelligence.
I'm not an Army Colonel, I don't play one on television or in the movies and I didn't stay at a Holiday Inn last night, but in MY opinion, just plain common sense says that when a soldier spends 5 years in *captivity* that he is not, especially in this short a period of time, what could be referred to as *a normal soldier*.
The Army said that in his assignment to U.S. Army North he "can contribute to the mission," which is focused on homeland defense. It said the Army investigation into the circumstances of his disappearance and capture by the Taliban in eastern Afghanistan in June 2009 will continue.
You don't suppose Bergdahl's contribution to *the mission* would have anything to do with how to spot a deserter and traitor to this nation do you? Seems to me that Bergdahl might just have a few *indicators* that they haven't been able to remove just yet.
Bergdahl walked away from his unit after expressing misgivings about the U.S. military's role — as well as his own — in Afghanistan. He was captured by Taliban members and held by the Haqqani network for five years. He was released May 31 as part of a deal in which the U.S. released five top Taliban commanders who had been imprisoned at the military detention center at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
Some former members of his unit have labeled him a deserter and said some were wounded or killed looking for him. The Army has not ruled out disciplinary action against Bergdahl.
Bowe Bergdahl was, in MY opinion, the start of a downhill spiral for Barack Hussein Obama, one that has caused even Democrats to look at him, Obama, differently and to now question his leadership abilities, or, at the very least, his *values system*.
Barack Hussein Obama traded 5 high-ranking Taliban officials; Mohammad Fazl, Mullah Norullah Noori, Mohammed Nabi, Khairullah Khairkhwa, and Abdul Haq Wasiq for Bowe Bergdahl, a person that is accused, by his fellow soldiers, of being a deserter and a traitor.
I have to presume that all usable information had been extracted from those 5, I would hope so, but were their skills as Jihadists depleted or were they still a danger once back in Muslim lands?
The Obama administration says the 5 will be transferred to Qatar. Under the terms of the deal to free Bergdahl, Qatar will keep the senior Taliban figures under house arrest for a year.
Intelligence operatives fear that Qatar will somehow *lose track* of the Gitmo 5, forget that they were to be held or allow them to slip through some rather large cracks in the Qatari security system.
I see no reason to expect otherwise.
With the Obama regime the scandals and illegal activities come in at a fast pace, I am of the belief that is a deliberate effort on the part of Obama's regime, one used to distract the attention from one scandal or impropriety to another.
I have given up even trying to address ALL of the shenanigans connected to the Obama bunch, all I am doing now a days is posting opinions on the topic of the day. Anyone that expects more effort on my part needs to come up with some compensatory relief for my efforts.
I haven't forgotten anything; I'm just unable to list it all at one time.


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Welcome to Part 2 of the 1996 Halloween Outlet catalog... "Movie Originals". The section opens up with some super impressive full size props of Species, Predator, Pumpkinhead, and Alien. There are good number of masks throughout the pages too. Looking back through these pages is a nice barometer of the horror scene of the times...
Tales from the Crypt was in it's final season and the Crypt Keeper is represented with three masks, Species, and Congo also have three masks a piece. Bram Stroker's Dracula has it's own page full of masks. and lesser titles like The Mask, and Casper also make the cut. And finally, Mary Shelley Frankenstein has a full size, half torso, and mask option too...
|Species, Congo, and Predator Masks
|Pumpkinhead & Alien Masks
|Aliens & Dracula Masks
|A Nightmare on Elm Street, Hellraiser, & Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Masks
|Tales from the Crypt, Friday the 13th, The Mask, & Casper Masks
|Munsters, Wizard of Oz, Planet of the Apes, & Universal Monsters Masks
|Batman Forever Masks


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I may have been alone among film critics in calling Quantum of Solace the best Bond ever, but millions of moviegoers were willing to meet my opinion at least half way. Quantum of Solace scored the biggest opening weekend ever for 007. And the juggernaut continues. Nudged out of first place this past weekend by Twilight, Bond came in at number two, holding back a pair of pedestrian animated movies (Bolt, Madagascar: Escape 2Africa). Quantum's domestic take thus far is $109.5 million. The numbers will only grow.
What does this mean, exactly? For one thing, those infantile if aging Baby Boomers who largely comprise the nation's dwindling corps of professional film critics have only underscored how narrow and unfounded are their views. They probably loved that invisible car Pierce Brosnan drove in one of those forgettable Bond flicks in the years before Casino Royale.
More interesting is measuring the success of Quantum of Solace and Dark Knight against the failure of many self-consciously important indie movies and film festival fodder during the past few seasons. Bond and Batman both address political, ethical and social issues but project them onto the mirrors of a funhouse, a dark carnival of entertaining and distorted images that insinuate the points being made without belaboring them like a dull civics lecture by professors straining to be hip.
At the same time, Quantum and Dark Knight were old franchises brought to new life by directors who emerged from the more ambitious end of independent cinema. It shows what can happen when familiar genres are handled with imagination and the courage to move forward against dull expectations.


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Wednesday, March 11, 2015
Mysterious Voice Heard By Police & Firefighters Saves Young Girl
Three police officers and two firemen outside Salt Lake City, Utah, say they heard a mysterious voice asking for help before they knew a toddler was in a submerged car for 13 hours.
|In this March 7, 2015 photo, officials respond to a report of car in the Spanish Fork River in Spanish Fork, Utah. An 18-month-old girl survived a car crash but her mother, Lynn Groesbeck, was found dead in the car, police said.
Officers Tyler Beddoes, Jared Warner and Bryan Dewitt, who responded to the incident in the Spanish Fork River Saturday, say they heard an adult voice say, "Help me," Spanish Fork Police officer Lt. Matt Johnson told ABC News.
Johnson said the two firefighters, Paul Tomadakis and Lee Mecham, also heard the voice before realizing there was a toddler in the car.
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"To me, it was plain as day," Warner told KSL.com. "I remember hearing a voice that didn't sound like a child, just saying, 'Help me.'"
The partially submerged car was upside-down when it was discovered at around 12:30 p.m. Saturday in the Spanish Fork River, about 50 miles south of Salt Lake City, the Spanish Fork Public Safety Department said. Lynn Jennifer Groesbeck, 25, did not survive, but her 18-month-old daughter, Lily, is now in stable condition, the Spanish Fork City Police Department told ABC News.
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text: Home / Other Fun Stones / Black Tourmaline On Amazonite Black Tourmaline On Amazonite$1,200.00 This is an amazing cabochon of black TOURMALINE crystals on gem quality AMAZONITE. Brazilian material. I cut the shoulders to frame the TOURMALINE with the border of AMAZONITE. CLOSE TO AWESOME. The Tourmaline crystals are tough and durable to the touch. One of a kind stone. Flat back and flat top. Glass polish on the shoulders and back. SIZE: 52.3 x 29.3 x 7 MM. Thanks for taking time to look. Black Tourmaline On Amazonite quantity Add to cart SKU: B61 Category: Other Fun Stones


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Crepe Streamers 12-81 Foot Rolls Lavender, 972 feet, set of 12
Crepe Streamers 12-81 Foot Rolls Lavender, 972 feet, set of 12
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Regular price $9.48 USD
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This package includes twelve retail packaged rolls of Crepe Paper Streamer, with each roll measuring 81 feet long, resulting in a total of 972 feet of streamer. Using a crepe paper streamer as a party decoration is a great way to stretch your budget. You can mix it with other colors and drape it over your party room to create a fantastic look. It is an affordable option that can make a big statement at your party. You can twist, drape, and hang the crepe streamers in various ways to create unique decorations for your event.


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Draft ED headshot standing
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Monday, May 2, 2016
The Challenge #71
When I saw the large circle of the sketch the first thing I thought of was the circle medallion from Concord & 9th's Crazy Awesome stamp set. I started my card by selecting my patterned papers, they're from Stampin Up's English Garden collection, and I based my color choices for the medallion on the colors of the paper. I stamped the medallion using Hero Arts Navy Shadow ink, and the word "awesome" using Wplus9 Gala Red. I stamped the things on either side of the word "awesome" (what ARE those things called, I have no idea lol!?) using Scattered Straw distress ink. I colored the word "crazy" and the circle around the medallion using a Copic marker. I fussy cut the medallion and used some foam tape to attach it to my card.
I hope you'll play along with us at The Challenge this week. Be sure to stop by Lesley's blog to see the awesome cards the rest of the DT and our guests have created!
15 comments:
totally awesome card and I love the paper you used.. awesome designing.ReplyDelete
Your card is crazy awesome!ReplyDelete
I agree...an awesome card!ReplyDelete
Gorgeous card Diane!ReplyDelete
This is a really pretty good. Great job with the sketch! I'm not good at doing sketches but I'm going to check this out!ReplyDelete
Diane, Just wanted to add that I sent you an email.ReplyDelete
Diane, Just wanted to add that I sent you an email.ReplyDelete
Totally fabulous, Diane!!!ReplyDelete
This is so fun! I love your mix of patterned papers!ReplyDelete
This card is crazy awesome too!! Such a great design! : )ReplyDelete
awesome card mf...I really enjoy seeing your work!ReplyDelete
FANTATIC, Diane! You always amaze me with your talent! XXReplyDelete
Fabulous card, I love that sentiment.ReplyDelete
Fabulous! Love how you used the medallion image.ReplyDelete
This card is so very cute. I would love to receive it.ReplyDelete


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Unity through soccer? Not in the Middle East…
Hosni Mubarak isn't a man usually accustomed to defeat. TheEgyptian president, after all, has been in charge for more than 30 years, outflanking regional and global rivals with consummate ease. Even Egypt's electoral process offers him scant chance of coming second: He romped home during the 2005 elections with almost 90 percent of the vote. ...
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Hosni Mubarak isn't a man usually accustomed to defeat. TheEgyptian president, after all, has been in charge for more than 30 years, outflanking regional and global rivals with consummate ease. Even Egypt's electoral process offers him scant chance of coming second: He romped home during the 2005 elections with almost 90 percent of the vote.
Yet as Mubarak sat in his residence watching last November's World Cup play-off between Egypt and Algeria–which was being played in neutral Sudan–that unusual sinking feeling would have come across him as Antar Yahia's thunderbolt sent the Desert Foxes to their first finals since 1986 and the Pharaohs, the African champions no less, home empty-handed.
As pictures beamed back of wild Algerian celebrations, Egyptian TV was flooded with calls from Egyptian fans claiming to have been attacked by knife-wielding Algerians. "Damn the so-called Arab unity, we should no longer talk about it," an angry Ibrahim Hegazi said on his NileSport show. "We should review our situations. We can no longer bear such incidents."
The previous game in Cairo had been equally violent, with the Algerian team bus attacked by rock-throwing fans, and Algerian supporters themselves attacked before and after the match. That game, which, thanks to an Egyptian goal deep into injury time, meant the sudden death playoff in Sudan was needed to separate the two, had sparked rioting in Marseille, London, Riyadh and Cairo, not to mention a huge political fall out. Ambassadors were recalled. Colonel Gaddafi even had to intervene to keep the peace. It was the biggest political controversy since a World Cup qualifier sparked the Soccer War between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969.
Mubarak watched the aftermath of Egypt's failure to qualify for the World Cup on TV, his finger hovering over the red button, ready to send Egypt's special forces to Sudan to protect his citizens. Thankfully, he took his finger off the trigger. "Egypt does not tolerate those who hurt the dignity of its sons," he later told a televised address to parliament. "We don't want to be drawn into impulsive reactions. I am agitated too, but I restrain myself."
It should have been a moment for the Arab world to cherish. Yet when Algeria qualified at the expense of Egypt, the Desert Foxes' passage to arguably the greatest sporting event on the planet was littered with broken glass, fire and political recriminations across three continents.
It was, in its own way, a fitting epitaph to the Middle East's attempts to qualify for the World Cup, providing an uncanny analysis of the region. Algeria, you would have thought, would carry the hopes of the Arab world on its shoulders. But it is more complicated than that. Certainly no one in Cairo will be flying the green and white flag of their enemy. In short, Arab fraternity is in dangerously short supply, and the Middle East is as divided as it ever was.
Millions of Arabs, Jews, Persians and Kurds will watch Africa's first World Cup, and all will be arguing in coffee shops and shisha houses from Sana'a to Jerusalem about who they will support given that every other team in the region failed to qualify.
But this failure provides an intriguing analysis of the Middle East. Soccer is one of the greatest, and most successful, acts of cultural imperialism the world has ever seen and provides the perfect mirror with which to view the region. It soaks up the tensions and flaws and currents that pull under the surface. To understand soccer is to understand the Middle East. It divides as much as it unites and nothing illustrates how divided the region is better than the events in Cairo and Sudan, nor the rest of World Cup qualification for teams in the region.
The Palestinian national soccer team, a national team without a nation, was the first to fall, unable to fulfill a fixture against Singapore largely because Israeli movement restrictions made it impossible for the Palestiniansto put eleven players on the pitch.
Lebanon was next, a country where the domestic league is controlled by sectarian interests. Hezbollah runs one club, as do the Sunnis, the Druze and theMaronites. Every weekend was like a mini civil war, so much so that soccer in Lebanon has been played behind close doors, with the supporters banned from attending, because the government fears that crowd violence could spark yet another civil conflict. It's no surprise that, in those circumstances, building a national team with a common purpose is all but impossible.
Iran, in recent years one of the region's strongest performers, narrowly missed out when they lost to South Korea. But the backdrop to the game was the outbreak of the Green Revolution in the wake of the disputed Presidential elections. Several players took to the field wearing green wrist bands in solidarity, incensing the regime and the coach. The wrist bands were conspicuous by their absence in the second half. A late Korean goal sealed their fate. Government newspapers wrote chillingly about how certain players had been 'retired' in punishment for their insubordination.
Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Israel — who have to qualify through UEFA, the European confederation, because no Arab states will play it — all failed to make the grade too, a mixture of bad luck (Bahrain came within one goal of becoming the smallest country to ever qualify for the finals), ineptitude (Israel somehow lost to Latvia in what should have been an easy qualifying campaign) and falling standards (Saudi soccer is stagnating largely because of an isolationism that sees the government and the soccer authorities frown on their top players moving to Europe).
But it is the case of Iraq that is perhaps the most frustrating. When the Lions of Mesopotamia won the 2007 Asian Cup, it was one of sport's greatest fairytales. With the country paralyzed by sectarian violence and on the verge of civil war, the national soccer team was a rare beacon of hope and unity. As their country burned, a team of Shia, Sunni and Kurdish players all came together to produce arguably the greatest upset soccer has ever seen.
It proved to a nation that Iraq was worth more than the sum of its parts. A case can even be made that, without the victory and the resulting "rally around the flag" effect, Iraq might not exist as an entity today.
But 12 months later the Iraq Football Association was suspended from FIFA because of a row between the Shia-controlled Youth and Sports Ministry and the head of the FA, a former player who had flourished under Saddam Hussein's rule. On the pitch, Iraq was knocked out by Qatar in hugely controversial circumstances. It emerged afterwards that Qatar had fielded an ineligible player — which carries a mandatory disqualification — but FIFA refused to overturn the result. Why? Because the Iraqi FA had sent their paperwork in too late.
You'll read a lot about the unifying effect of soccer over the next few weeks, about how the "Beautiful Game" can bring nations and peoples together. And sometimes, in rare cases, that's true. But soccer, as we saw in Cairo, can also be a destructive force that entrenches prejudice. There will be some limited fraternity when Algeria takes on the "Great Satan" — Algeria will play the United States in the group stage. There might even be some pro-Gaza protests. But the region will largely be looking elsewhere, backing Brazil (Emiratis and Saudis), Germany or France (Syrians and Lebanese) or England (Egyptians, Jordanians and Israelis).
There is some hope. Qatar stands a good chance of winning the bid to host the 2022 World Cup bid, which would be a hugely significant move. And the UAE's investment in the English Premier League encapsulates the new financial clout of the Gulf and the Middle East.
But for this World Cup, Algeria will cut a lonely figure thanks to the region's self destructive forces. So much so that for one game and one game only every Egyptian, even President Mubarak himself, will cross their fingers and pray for Team USA.
James Montague is the author of When Friday Comes: Football in the War Zone (Random House), a book about soccer and politics in the Middle East.
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CLEVELAND, Ohio — The U.S. Department of Transportation announced on Monday it had awarded $9 million for stabilization of Irishtown Bend, a hillside that threatens to slide into the Cuyahoga River and disrupt shipping.
The grant came through the department's INFRA program, or Infrastructure For Rebuilding America, and will go to the Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency.
U.S. Sen. Rob Portman's office issued a news release saying the money would enable installation of roughly 2,600 feet of sheet steel bulkheads along the river's edge as part of a larger project to prevent a potential landslide into the river.
"I think this is fantastic news," said Grace Gallucci, NOACA's executive director.
Once the site of a 19th-century Irish immigrant settlement, Irishtown Bend is largely vacant and covered with weeds and brush. In recent years, the earth has slipped enough to split roads and put kinks in a major sewer line.
Stabilizing the hillside will make possible construction of a 17-acre park with views of the river and the downtown skyline, and regional trails connecting Lake Erie to the Cuyahoga Valley National Park and points south on the 101-mile Towpath Trail.
Partners in the combined project last week announced significant progress for the project, for which nearly $19 million in government and charitable grants have been committed and another $4.5 million worth of land donated.
In addition to NOACA, the partners include Cleveland Metroparks, the city of Cleveland, the Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority, West Creek Conservancy, LAND Studio and Ohio City Inc.
"This is a really big day," Tom McNair, Ohio City's executive director, said Monday. He said that so many people in Cleveland have campaigned so long and hard for the grant that seeing it awarded was "surreal."
Gallucci said last week that NOACA, which oversees federal and state spending on transportation infrastructure in the region, expected to hear any day on a $15 million INFRA grant application, the second time it applied under the program for Irishtown Bend funding.
The $9 million awarded Monday was less than NOACA sought, but Gallucci said her agency was confident the rest could be raised. She also said NOACA has committed $3.5 million in local matching funds.
The $12.5 million in funding announced Monday, plus the $19 million already committed, means that some $31.5 million has been earmarked for the project, most of it so far dedicated to stabilizing the hillside. Gallucci said NOACA estimates the cost of stabilization at $36 million.
On Friday, the Port of Cleveland awarded a contract not to exceed $3.3 million to the Cleveland firm of Osborn Engineering to design bulkheads, plus the re-grading of the hillside, and other solutions. That design work is expected to take 18 months.
West Creek Conservancy, which owns most of the 17-acre site for the future park, will co-manage the design project with the port.
Meanwhile, Ohio City Inc. and LAND Studio have raised hundreds of thousands of dollars to pay for designing the park, a project that will run concurrently with Osborn's assignment.
There are no estimates yet for the cost of the park or the timing of its construction, but NOACA has already identified $3.3 million in funding for a trail along the river's edge, which will become part of the Cleveland Foundation Centennial Lake Link Trail.
McNair said that Monday's $9 million grant would provide the impetus to "fill the gap" in funds needed to complete the stabilization and the park.
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