text:
Boston Garden
"The Garden"
|Former names
|Boston Madison Square Garden
|150 Causeway Street
|Boston, Massachusetts
|Boston and Maine Corporation (1928–1965)[1]
Linnell & Cox (1965[1]–1973[2])
Storer Broadcasting (1973–1975)[2]
Delaware North (1975–1997)[2]
|Madison Square Garden Corporation (1928–1934)
Boston Garden-Arena Corporation (1934–1973)[3]
Storer Broadcasting (1973–1975)
Delaware North (1975–1997)
|Ice hockey: 14,448[7]
Basketball: 14,890[7]
Concerts: 15,909[7]
|Ice / Parquet floor
|Broke ground
|December 1927
|November 17, 1928
|September 28, 1995
|March 1998 – September 1998
|Construction cost
|$4 million[4]
($68.2 million in 2022 dollars[5])
|Tex Rickard
Funk & Wilcox Company[6]
|General contractor
|Dwight P. Robinson Company, Inc.
|Boston Bruins (NHL) (1928–1995)
Boston Celtics (BAA/NBA) (1946–1995)
Boston Braves (AHL) (1971–1974)
New England Whalers (WHA) (1973–1974)
Boston Blazers (MILL) (1992–1995)
The Boston Garden was an arena in Boston, Massachusetts. Designed by boxing promoter Tex Rickard, who also built the third iteration of New York's Madison Square Garden, it opened on November 17, 1928, as "Boston Madison Square Garden" (later shortened to just "Boston Garden") and outlived its original namesake by 30 years. It was above North Station, a train station which was originally a hub for the Boston and Maine Railroad and is now a hub for MBTA Commuter Rail and Amtrak trains.
The Garden hosted home games for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as rock concerts, amateur sports, boxing and professional wrestling matches, circuses, and ice shows. It was also used as an exposition hall for political rallies such as the speech by John F. Kennedy in November 1960. Boston Garden was demolished in 1998, three years after the completion of its successor arena, TD Garden.
Rickard built the arena specifically with boxing in mind, believing every seat should be close enough to see the "sweat on the boxers' brows". Because of this design theme, fans were much closer to the players during Bruins and Celtics games than in most arenas, leading to a distinct hometown advantage. This physical proximity also created spectacular acoustic effects, much like the Chicago Stadium. When teams made playoff appearances, and a sold-out crowd was chanting or screaming, the impact was enormous.
Due to the success of the Celtics in the 1980s, the Boston Garden was one of the most difficult buildings for visiting NBA teams. During the 1985–86 season, the Celtics were 40–1 at home, setting the NBA record for home court mastery (before the San Antonio Spurs tied the record 30 years later in the 2015–16 season). They also finished the post-season undefeated at home. Combined with the following regular season, the Celtics' Garden record was an amazing 79-3 between the 1985–86 and 1986–87 regular seasons.
While the parquet floor was an important part of the history of the Celtics,[8] it was not originally part of the Garden. The parquet floor was built and installed in the aforementioned Boston Arena (first home of the Bruins hockey team) and moved to the Garden in 1952. It is said the Celtics knew which way the basketball would bounce off any section of the floor; this was one contributing factor to the Celtics' many NBA championships.[9] The floor became as much a part of Boston sports lore as the Green Monster of Fenway Park. The parquet floor was used at the FleetCenter until December 22, 1999. Portions of the original floor are integrated with new parquet.
The floor was cut into small pieces and sold as souvenirs along with seats and bricks. The Naden/Day Industries overhead scoreboard (which was electro-mechanical, not electronic, as more recent arenas used) hung in the Boston Garden-themed food court of the Arsenal Mall in Watertown until 2018, when the mall began to undergo renovations.[10] The Celtics' old championship banners and retired numbers now hang at the team's now-former practice facility in Waltham; a new set of banners were made for the move to the FleetCenter (now TD Garden). The Celtics used to raise Eastern Division championship banners at Boston Garden in the 1960s, but stopped this practice by the 1970s. Likewise, the Bruins made a new set of banners when they moved to the FleetCenter, which were again replaced after the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals with six new banners, each using the contemporary logo of the Bruins when each Cup victory occurred. The Bruins also raised numerous Adams Division, Presidents' Trophy and Wales Conference championship banners at the old Garden, but due to lack of space, they consolidated them into one single banner each upon moving to TD Garden.[11]
The Garden's hockey rink was undersized at 191 by 83 feet (58.2 m × 25.3 m), some nine feet shorter and two feet narrower than standard (200 ft × 85 ft or 61 m × 26 m), due to the rink being built at a time when the NHL did not have a standard size for rinks. This size matched the size of the Boston Arena ice surface, the original home of the Bruins. When the Bruins moved in as tenant, the Boston Arena had had a 220-by-90-foot (67 m × 27 m) ice surface; this was reduced so as to add more seats.[12] The Boston Arena, later renamed the Matthews Arena, modified its ice surface in 1995 to the standard-length 200-by-80-foot (61 m × 24 m) rink, still in use in the 21st century for college hockey. Visiting players were frequently thrown off their games by the differing setup of the players' benches being on opposing sides of the ice, as well as the non-standard penalty box locations. This also was the setup in the Boston Arena. This setup, still occasionally seen in college hockey, was done to ensure that each team could have a bench connected to their dressing room. Towards the end of the Garden's life as an arena, the NHL required all rinks to have both benches on the same side: the Garden obliged by moving the penalty boxes (formerly adjacent to the Bruins' bench) to the side vacated by the visitor's bench, and as such visiting teams were required to skate across the ice to head back to their rooms.
The Garden's earlier Bulova-crafted "Sports Timer" game clock system[13] using the typical analog dial-type game clock design of that era, said to have been installed at the Garden early in the 1940s, and essentially identical in appearance and function to the one used in the Chicago Stadium until September 1975,[14] was removed and replaced by an all-digital-display unit created by the Day Sign Company of Toronto in time for the 1970 Stanley Cup playoffs, and remained in use until the Garden's closure.
The Garden had no air conditioning, resulting in fog forming over the ice during some Bruins' playoff games. During Game 5 of the 1984 NBA Finals, the 97 °F (36 °C) heat in the facility was so intense that oxygen tanks were provided to exhausted Lakers players.
The Bruins' Stanley Cup finals appearances in 1988 and 1990 were both disrupted by power outages. On May 24, 1988, a 1930s vintage 4160V switchgear failed and the emergency generator did not start during Game Four of the Finals between the Bruins and the Edmonton Oilers; the contest was replayed in Edmonton two days later. Two years later, on May 15, 1990, the lights went out during an overtime finals game between the same two teams. However, the lights were on an automatic timer and could be turned back on this time with the game ending with a 3–2 triple overtime win for the visiting Oilers.
Tex Rickard, the noted entrepreneur and boxing promoter who built and operated the third Madison Square Garden, sought to expand his empire by building seven "Madison Square Gardens" around the country.[15] On November 15, 1927, Homer Loring, chairman of the Boston & Maine Railroad, announced that plans had been finalized for the construction of a new North Station facility, which would include a sports arena. A group led by Rickard, John S. Hammond, and William F. Carey of the Madison Square Garden Corporation, as well as Boston businessmen Charles F. Adams and Huntington Hardwick, signed a 25-year lease for the arena.[16] Sheldon Fairbanks was chosen to be the arena's first general manager.[17] Boston & Maine shareholder Edmund D. Codman challenged the legality of the railroad constructing a non-railroad building. The Massachusetts General Court passed legislation expanding the corporate powers of the Boston & Maine Railroad which was signed by Governor Alvan T. Fuller on March 6, 1928.[18] Codman's Bill in equity was dismissed by Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice John Crawford Crosby in October 1928.[19] Built at a cost of $10 million – over double the cost for New York's arena three years earlier – Boston Garden turned out to be the last of Rickard's proposed series, a decision fueled by rising costs and Rickard's untimely death in early 1929 due to a ruptured appendix, the arena was only 2 months old when Rickard died.
The Garden's first event was on November 17, 1928, a boxing card headlined by Boston Native "Honey Boy" Dick Finnegan's defeat of Andre Routis.[20] The first team sporting event was held three days later, an ice hockey game between the Bruins and the archrival Montreal Canadiens, won by the Canadiens 1–0. The game was attended by 17,000 fans, 2,000 over capacity, as fans without tickets stormed their way in. The game started 25 minutes late. Windows and doors were broken by the fans in the action.[21][22] The first non-sporting event, a conclave featuring evangelist Rodney "Gipsy" Smith, was held on March 24, 1929.[23]
Early years[edit]
During the Boston Garden's early years, the arena was owned by the Boston and Maine Corporation and controlled by Rickard and the Madison Square Garden. In 1934, the Madison Square Garden Corporation sold its interest in the Boston Garden to the Boston Arena Corporation, led by Henry G. Lapham. This resulted in the creation of the Boston Garden-Arena Corporation.[23][24] George V. Brown served as general manager of the Garden under the Boston Garden-Arena Corporation until his death in 1937, when he was succeeded by his son, Walter A. Brown.[23]
During the early years of the Boston Garden, the building's main draws were boxing, wrestling, and Bruins hockey. Johnny Indrisano, Lou Brouillard, Ernie Schaaf, Al Mello, and Jack Sharkey were among the boxers who fought at the Boston Garden. Wrestling became big due to the popularity of Gus Sonnenberg. Sonnenberg defeated Ed "Strangler" Lewis at the Garden in 1929 in a fight that set an attendance record for a wrestling match (19,500) and drew a record gate ($77,000). Paul Bowser promoted wrestling in Boston at this time and when the sport began to lose popularity, he brought Danno O'Mahony from Ireland to Boston. O'Mahony became a popular draw at the Garden.[23]
In 1930, construction on the Hotel Manger, a 500-room hotel connected to the Boston Garden through an elevated skyway, was completed. The hotel (later known as the Hotel Madison) closed in 1976 and was demolished in 1983.[25][26]
The Garden suffered economically during the Great Depression. Boxing was at a low point in Boston, as fighters chose to work in other cities, wrestling attendance was down, and hockey attendance waned after Ace Bailey suffered a severe head injury at the hands of Bruin Eddie Shore in 1933. During this period Sonja Henie's Hollywood Ice Revue and the Ice Follies were successful draws and kept the Garden afloat. In 1939, a financial dispute between Henie and her managers led Walter Brown and eight other arena managers to found the Ice Capades.[23]
Seating capacity[edit]
Notable events[edit]
Rudy Vallée and his orchestra performed at the Garden on April 21, 1932. Vallée returned to the Garden on October 23–24, 1938 for a "battle of the bands" with Benny Goodman that drew 25,000.[23][45]
The first rock concert held at the Garden was on November 30, 1956, when the building hosted Alan Freed's "Biggest Show of 1956".[45]
The Beatles played a show at the Garden during their first US/Canada tour on September 12, 1964, staying at the then-attached Hotel Madison.[46]
James Brown played a notable show at the Garden on April 5, 1968, the night after Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. Only 2,000 attended the sold-out show, because the mayor, Kevin White, and community leaders had encouraged people to obtain refunds on their tickets and instead to watch a hastily arranged television broadcast of the concert on the local public station WGBH-TV. Mayor White appeared on stage, asking the Garden audience and the city to peacefully remember King, and James Brown's words and presence was credited with helping to keep the peace in Boston. WGBH rebroadcast the concert twice that night, an action which helped keep people off of the street at a time other major cities were erupting in riots.[47] The performance was released on DVD as Live at the Boston Garden: April 5, 1968.
Elvis Presley performed in Boston only once, at the Garden on November 10, 1971 pulling a full crowd of about 16,500 and receiving high praise from Rolling Stone journalist Jon Landau for his performance.
In 1972, The Rolling Stones were scheduled to perform at the Garden when two members were detained by Rhode Island police. Fearful that angry Stones fans (already in the Garden awaiting the show) would riot, mayor Kevin H. White intervened with the Rhode Island authorities and secured the musicians' release so they could play their set in Boston.[48] The band had also played at the venue in 1965 and 1969 and would again in 1975.
In 1973, The Who was scheduled to perform at the Garden and nearly didn't perform due to the band being detained by police after destroying a hotel room in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where they'd appeared the previous evening. The band was eventually released from jail and managed to arrive at the Garden in time for their show and took out their frustrations for being arrested the night before by delivering a blistering set and taunting the Montreal police, dedicating their performance of "Won't Get Fooled Again" to them. Who drummer Keith Moon (for the rest of the Quadrophenia tour) changed one of the lyrics to the song "Bell Boy" from "remember the gaff where the doors we smashed" to "remember Montreal at the hotel we trashed" or variations of the band being arrested. Almost three years later in March 1976, Moon collapsed at his drum kit during the second song "Substitute" after downing muscle relaxers and brandy before the show. The band had to reschedule the performance for early April and the rescheduled performance turned out to be one of The Who's best performances of the 1976 tour.
The Who's last performance at the Garden was in December 1979 on their first tour following Moon's death. That performance was almost canceled after several fans at a Who show in Cincinnati died while trying to get in early for a general admission show. The Boston City Council held a televised hearing on whether to allow the show to go forward and decided to permit it because there was no general admission seating in Boston. The show was marred by a fan throwing a firecracker on stage, causing Pete Townshend to scream obscenities in the general direction of the source before getting on with the tension-filled show.
In 1975, Led Zeppelin was banned from performing at the Boston Garden after concert fans were allowed in the lobby due to sub-freezing temperatures while waiting for tickets to go on sale for the band's show. Turning on the generosity of their hosts, some of the fans rioted, broke into the Garden and trashed the seating area, the ice, and most of the refreshment stands, leading then-mayor White to cancel the upcoming show and ban the group for five years.
In 1976, KISS was banned from performing at the Garden because the band refused to comply with the venue's no pyrotechnic policy after fire marshals had watched their flamethrowers hit the ceiling at the Orpheum.
Pink Floyd was the first band to perform at the Boston Garden with a stage set that cost over $1 million on their 1977 Animals tour (they first played there in 1975 on the band's Wish You Were Here tour). According to Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason's book Inside Out: A Personal History of Pink Floyd, Pink Floyd almost got banned from the Boston Garden after their 1977 performances because the band, unknown to the venue's owners, used pyrotechnics during their performance (the exploding pig for "Pigs (Three Different Ones)" and firework displays on "Sheep" and "Money"). However, the band's road crew outsmarted the fire marshals by removing the pyro props quickly after they used them in the shows to prevent the band from being banned and also according to Mason's book since their manager had an Irish name (Steve O'Rourke), the band escaped being arrested. The band decided not to play at the venue again, instead opting for the Providence Civic Center and Foxboro Stadium on their 1987/1988 and 1994 tours, respectively.
The Grateful Dead performed at the Boston Garden more times than any other band, with 24 performances from 1973 to 1994 (as an opener or middle of bill or headliner), and were intended to be the last band to play the Garden, with six shows scheduled for September 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, and 19, 1995, which were canceled due to the death of Jerry Garcia on August 9, 1995. The ticket for the 19th stated "let's tear this old building down" referencing the song "Samson and Delilah". The Dead did not play at the Garden for a number of years following an incident in which they were caught grilling lobsters on a fire escape before a performance.[49] The Grateful Dead have released Dick's Picks Volume 12 and 17 culled from performances at the Garden on June 28, 1974 and September 25, 1991.
Detroit rocker Bob Seger recorded a bulk of his 1981 double live album Nine Tonight at The Boston Garden in October 1980. Five years before, The J. Geils Band recorded most of their November 1975 show at The Boston Garden for their 1976 double live album Blow Your Face Out. The Geils band returned again, and had the historical distinction of being the first band in history to sell out a three-night stand in 1982 at the Garden featuring hometown favorites Jon Butcher Axis as opening act.
Hometown band Aerosmith performed at the Boston Garden ten times from 1975 to 1995 and twice played New Year's shows there, ringing in the 1990 and 1994 New Years.
Other acts that performed at the Garden include Pavarotti, Frank Sinatra, Liberace, Duke Ellington, Judy Garland, Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops, U2, Bruce Springsteen, Guns N' Roses, Nine Inch Nails, Tom Petty, Grace Slick with Jefferson Airplane, Jethro Tull (who had 15 headlining performances there between 1971 and 1980 which is the most for a band, their last being on 1980's A Tour before switching to the Worcester Centrum in 1982), Bob Dylan with The Band, Diana Ross & the Supremes, The Jackson 5, Queen, Rush, Styx and George Burns and Gracie Allen among others.[45]
The opening of the Worcester Centrum and the Great Woods Amphitheater caused a massive drop in concerts at the Garden from the early 1980s until the early 1990s. The age of glam metal practically passed the Garden by completely, as most bands from that era played the Centrum in the winter and Great Woods in the summer. Poor acoustics, a busy sports schedule, expensive booking fees, and difficulty with local unions all contributed to the migration to more modern venues outside of Boston.
Under new Garden President Larry Moulter, bands started returning to the Garden in the late 1980s and early 1990s, highlighted by Pearl Jam's multi-night stand in 1994, and the Dead's lengthy residences there before the Garden finally closed. The final New Year's Eve show at the Boston Garden was performed by the Vermont band Phish on December 31, 1994. On that night, the band rode a giant hot dog float above the audience; the hot dog is now in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland.
The facility hosted games in the 1929, 1930, 1932, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, and 1990 Stanley Cup Finals where the Bruins won two of their championships at the Garden in 1939 and 1970. The 1929 Stanley Cup championship was won at New York's Madison Square Garden (III). The 1941 Stanley Cup championship was won at Detroit's Olympia Stadium. The 1972 Stanley Cup championship was won at New York's Madison Square Garden. The Montreal Canadiens claimed the Stanley Cup at the Garden in 1958, 1977 and 1978, while the Detroit Red Wings won the cup there in 1943. In 1990, the Edmonton Oilers claimed their fifth Stanley Cup at the Garden. The 1932 series did not involve the Bruins; Game 2 between the Toronto Maple Leafs and New York Rangers was played there due to a scheduling conflict at MSG III.
The facility has also hosted games in the 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987 NBA Finals, in which the Celtics won nine of their championships on home court in 1957, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1984, and 1986. The only visitor to claim the NBA championship at the Garden were the Los Angeles Lakers, who won the 1985 Finals.
In addition to championship rounds, the Garden also hosted the NBA All-Star Game in 1951, 1952, 1957, and 1964, and the NHL All-Star Game in 1971. The NCAA Frozen Four was contested there from 1972 to 1974. Starting in 1955, the Beanpot tournament, featuring the four major college hockey programs in the Boston area, was held at the Garden annually on the first week of February.
Boston Garden was the first arena to host the Stanley Cup Final and NBA Finals at the same time in 1957. It occurred again in 1958 and 1974.
The Boston Garden was a frequent host of Vince McMahon's WWF for many years throughout the 1970s and 1980s, in the form of wrestling "house shows" (non-televised matches), and superstars like Hulk Hogan, André the Giant, Randy "Macho Man" Savage, Tito Santana, Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat and many others would regularly appear there. But despite this relationship, the Boston Garden was host to only one pro wrestling pay-per-view in its history: the 1993 Survivor Series. The WWF held their final house show in the Boston Garden on May 13, 1995.[50]
Rallies and speeches[edit]
The Boston Garden hosted many religious conclaves. Evangelists who appeared at the Garden include Aimee McPherson (1931), Billy Graham (1950) Bishop Fulton J. Sheen (1953), and Jimmy Swaggart (July 29–31, 1983).[45]
The Garden was also the site of a number of political rallies. 20,000 people attended a 55th birthday celebration for President Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 29, 1937. FDR also drew another 20,000 for a political rally 1940. On May 2, 1943, the night after the Hollywood Victory Caravan came through town, a Jewish anti-Nazi rally was held at the Garden. The United War Fund hosted a rally headlined by Jimmy Durante, Greer Garson, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The day before the 1960 presidential election, a rally for John F. Kennedy drew 20,000 while police estimated that there were another 100,000 people in the streets outside the Garden. Other politicians to hold rallies at the Garden include presidential candidates Thomas Dewey and Dwight D. Eisenhower and former Boston mayor and Massachusetts governor James Michael Curley.[45]
Former Irish Prime Minister and President Éamon de Valera spoke at the Garden On March 24, 1948 (Easter Sunday). British Prime Minister Winston Churchill spoke there March 31, 1949 as part of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology Convocation.[45]
Final years[edit]
By the early 1970s, Boston Garden was deteriorating. The building had no air conditioning and some seats were obstructed by structural pillars. The seats were decades old and terribly cramped. With a capacity of less than 15,000, it was one of the country's smallest major league sports arenas. The Garden also lacked luxury suites, which had become an important and much-needed source of revenue for teams in professional sports. In 1972, Boston Mayor Kevin White announced plans for a new 18,000-seat arena to be built near South Station.[51] Plans for the arena fell through when Storer Broadcasting, then-owner of the Boston Garden and the Bruins, announced they would not be able to pay the $24 to $28 million required for the new arena.[52] Storer Broadcasting ended up selling the Bruins and the Boston Garden to Jeremy Jacobs who owned Delaware North in 1975. In 1977, the Boston Celtics negotiated with the city of Quincy to have a $30 million, 21,000-seat arena built there.[53]
Partially due to the deteriorating conditions in the Boston Garden, the Celtics did not play a full 41-game home schedule at the arena during its final 21 seasons. Between the 1974–75 and the 1994–95 seasons, the Celtics played a few home games at the Hartford Civic Center (now XL Center) in Hartford, Connecticut.[54]
In 1979, Boston Celtics owner Harry T. Mangurian, Jr. threatened to build a new arena unless the Boston Bruins, who owned the Garden, agreed to lower the rent.[55] The team met with Ogden Corp., owners of Suffolk Downs, who proposed a $20 million, 18,000-seat arena to be built near the racetrack.[56] They also met with the Boston Redevelopment Authority, who proposed $40 million, 15,000-seat arena that would be built behind the existing Garden and paid for with state bonds.[57] The Bruins meanwhile announced plans to move to a proposed $50 million sports complex on the site of the then closed Rockingham Park in Salem, New Hampshire.[58] The plans for the Salem site were eventually killed by the New Hampshire General Court.[59] Meanwhile, the track remained closed until May 26, 1984.
In response to the Bruins' plans to leave the state, U.S. Senator Paul Tsongas established a committee to put forward a plan for a new Boston arena. The committee, chaired by Tsongas, proposed a $56.8 million, 16,000 seat arena that would be paid for by tax-exempt bonds floated by an Arena Authority and by raising the commonwealth's hotel tax from 5.7% to 8%.[59] The naming rights to the proposed arena were sold to Sheraton for $2 million.[60] Tsongas' proposal died in the state legislature.[61]
While a preservation study conducted by the Boston Landmarks Commission found the North Station/Boston Garden complex to be a significant example of Art Deco, the Massachusetts Historical Commission did not consider it eligible for listing in the National Register.[62]
In 1985, Garden-owner Delaware North and developer Rosalind Gorin each submitted proposals for a new arena, hotel, and office development. Both proposals were rejected by the Boston Redevelopment Authority and Mayor Raymond Flynn.[63] The two groups later resubmitted plans, with Delaware North's calling for a renovation of the Garden instead of having it demolished.[64] Gorin's plan called for the city to claim the Garden by eminent domain, as Delaware North refused to sell the Bruins and the Garden to a group led by Gorin, Paul Tsongas, and former Bruins Wayne Cashman and Bobby Orr.[64][65] Delaware North was awarded the rights to construct the new arena, but poor economic conditions delayed the project.[66][67]
On May 8, 1992, Delaware North announced they had secured funding for a new arena in the form of $120 million worth of loans evenly split among Bank of Boston, Fleet Bank of Massachusetts, and Shawmut National Corporation.[68] That December, a bill approving construction of the new arena was killed in the Massachusetts Senate by Senate President William M. Bulger. Legislative leaders and Delaware North attempted to reach an agreement on plans for the new arena, but in February 1993 Delaware North owner Jeremy Jacobs announced he was backing out of the project as a result of the legislature's demand his company pay $3.5 million in "linkage payments".[69]
Two weeks later, after a new series of negotiations, the two sides came to an agreement, and on February 26 the Legislature passed a bill that allowed for construction of a new sports arena.[70] Construction began on April 29, 1993. Shawmut Bank purchased the naming rights for the new building with the intent of calling it the "Shawmut Center", but it was purchased by FleetBank before the new arena opened, and thus the "FleetCenter" opened on September 30, 1995. In 2005, the FleetCenter was renamed the "TD Banknorth Garden", as Bank of America had acquired Fleet Bank and relinquished its predecessor's naming rights, selling them to TD Banknorth. As of 2009, it is known as TD Garden.[71][72]
The Grateful Dead were scheduled to play September 13, 14, 15, 17, 18 and 19, 1995, as the final event at the Garden. The ticket for the 19th featured the phrase "lets tear this old building down" referencing the song "Samson and Delilah". These shows were cancelled upon Jerry Garcia's death. The last official game played at the Garden took place on Sunday, May 14, 1995. It was game five of an NHL Eastern Conference quarterfinal series between the Boston Bruins and New Jersey Devils where the New Jersey Devils beat the Bruins, 3–2, winning the series four games to one and eliminating the Bruins from the 1995 Stanley Cup Playoffs en route to that team's Stanley Cup victory. The last sporting event at the Boston Garden was a preseason game between the Boston Bruins and the Montreal Canadiens on September 26, 1995.[73] In a special post-game ceremony, which included many former Bruins greats, the banners and retired numbers were removed. The final event in the Boston Garden occurred on the evening of September 29, 1995; a farewell event was held in the old Boston Garden hosted by WBZ-TV news personality Liz Walker and CBS national news anchor Dan Rather. Attendees included Bruins legends such as Bobby Orr and Phil Esposito as well as Celtics greats Larry Bird and Red Auerbach. The ceremony concluded with the release of thousands of balloons into the rafters to the music of the Boston Pops. The Boston Globe stated that "all New England has lost a friend."[74] The Garden sat vacant for three years before it was demolished in 1998. The site where the building once stood is currently a commercial development called The Hub on Causeway.[75]
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The 500-room Hotel Manger opened at North Station in August 1930. Its design was an example of the Moderne style of architecture, developed by Boston native Louis Sullivan. Adjacent to Boston's North Station and directly connected to the Boston Garden, the Hotel Manger was a prominent and convenient destination for celebrities, show-goers and other travelers.
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- ^ Barry, Jack (April 10, 1964). "Celts Clinch It Early, 109-95". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Rogers, Thomas (April 10, 1969). "Celtics Trounce Knicks, 112 to 97, for 2-0 Lead in Eastern Playoff Finals". The New York Times. p. 58. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Rogers, Thomas (January 30, 1971). "Knicks Subdue Celtics, 118 to 111, as Stallworth Paces 4th-Quarter Rally". The New York Times. p. 18. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Singelais, Neil (November 17, 1972). "Thrifty Celtics Release Minor". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Singelais, Neil (June 27, 1980). "Celtics Weighing Temporary Move Out of State". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ "Arena Has Sentimental Appeal for Bruins Fans". Daily Boston Globe. February 26, 1952. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Fitzgerald, Tom (January 20, 1969). "Bruins Smash Leafs, 5-3; Widen Lead Over Canadiens to 4 Points". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Monahan, Bob (February 10, 1970). "B.U. Overcomes B. C., 5-4, for Beanpot Title". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Fitzgerald, Tom (February 26, 1971). "Bruins Break 2 NHL Marks in 8-3 Romp". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Fitzgerald, Tom (April 21, 1972). "Bucyk Gets 3 Goals; Boston Goes Two Up". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ United Press International (December 21, 1972). "Conference on Stadium Is Slated". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Tom (April 26, 1976). "Bring on the Flyers! Bruins Oust Kings, 3-0". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Herman, Robin (May 24, 1977). "Howes Choose Whalers Over N.H.L. Bruins". The New York Times. p. 47. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Rosa, Francis (May 22, 1978). "Bruins Tie Series With 4-3 OT Win". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 25, 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Bruins Fans a Rowdy Bunch". Leader-Post. Saskatoon, SK. The Canadian Press. May 3, 1979. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Rosa, Francis (March 8, 1981). "Vachon Lifts Bruins". The Boston Globe; The Canadian Press.
- ^ Duffy, Bob (December 27, 1982). "Bruins Dump New Jersey 5-2". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ Rosa, Francis (October 7, 1983). "Bruins Open with a Bang". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Horgan, Sean (November 27, 1994). "Even Churchill Had A Gig There". Hartford Courant. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
- ^ List of The Beatles' live performances
- ^ Trott, Robert W. (April 5, 1993). "How Brown Soothed a City". The Free Lance–Star. Fredericksburg VA. Associated Press. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
- ^ Greenfield, Robert (2002). S.T.P.: A Journey Through America with the Rolling Stones. Da Capo Press. pp. 258–278. ISBN 0-306-81199-5.
- ^ Goodman, Fred (February 1992). "The Dead Again... and Again... and Again". M Magazine. Retrieved February 3, 2012.[dead link] Alt URL
- ^ "BOSTONWRESTLING.COM – MWF Newsline – This Day In Boston / Wrestling History – by Wrestling Historian The Jackal". bostonwrestling.com. July 19, 2023.
- ^ "New Arena Being Eyed for Boston". The Schenectady Gazette. Associated Press. December 21, 1972. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ Cafarell, Ken (June 21, 1974). "Storer Offers to Sell Bruins, Boston Garden". Nashua Telegraph. United Press International. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ "Celtics Considering New Arena At Quincy". Lewiston Evening Journal. Associated Press. May 12, 1977. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ Letendre, Michael (April 3, 2023). "The Boston Celtics used to call old Hartford Civic Center its 'home away from home' for nearly 25 years". The Bristol Edition. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
- ^ "Celtics Seek Coach, Arena". AP. April 23, 1979. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ "Celtics Owner Seeking New Arena". Associated Press. April 12, 1980. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ "Boston Moving with New Arena". Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. January 26, 1981. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ United Press International (November 12, 1980). "$50 Million Sports Complex Planned". Frederick Daily Leader. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ a b United Press International (August 6, 1981). "Boston Arena Plan Unveiled". The Schenectady Gazette. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ United Press International (August 14, 1981). "Boston Arena Named". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ Blake, Andrew (June 14, 1983). "Dukakis Appoints Arena Committee". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Boston Redevelopment Authority (November 30, 1983). North Station Urban Renewal Project: Environmental Impact Statement (EOEA No. 03728). pp. V-11 to V-12.
- ^ "Another Day, Another New Garden Proposal". Nashua Telegraph. Associated Press. November 21, 1986. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ a b United Press International (June 20, 1986). "Boston Garden Replacements Sought". Record-Journal. Meriden, Connecticut. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
- ^ "Group Headed by Orr Hoping to Buy Bruins". Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. February 13, 1986. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ^ "Boston Garden Owners Agree to Build New Boston Arena". Bangor Daily News. Associated Press. January 6, 1989. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ^ Ackerman, Jerry; Kindleberger, Richard (July 5, 1992). "Rowes Warfare". The Boston Globe.
- ^ Butterfield, Fox (May 8, 1992). "After Long Wait, New Boston Garden Planned". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ^ Butterfield, Fox (February 17, 1993). "Hopes for a New Boston Garden Dim With Political Quarreling". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ^ "New Boston Garden Plan Finally Gets Green Light". The New York Times. February 26, 1993. Retrieved March 19, 2012.
- ^ "Garden Will Have a New Name – TD Garden". The Boston Globe. April 15, 2009. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2009.
- ^ Kerber, Ross (July 24, 2008). "Sports Arena Name is Still Up in the Air". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 2, 2009.
- ^ "Finale Tonight For Boston Garden". Philadelphia Inquirer. September 26, 1995. Archived from the original on April 17, 2015.
- ^ Dupont, Kevin Paul (September 30, 1995). "Garden Party's Over". The Boston Globe. pp. 69–70.
- ^ "The Hub on Causeway Grand Opening | TD Garden".
- Ross, J. Andrew (2015). Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815633839.
External links[edit]
Media related to Boston Garden at Wikimedia Commons
- The Boston Garden: Basketball
- The Boston Garden: Hockey
- Flickr. Photo of 1998 demolition
- Boston Public Library. Boston Garden info & photos.
- The Concert Database
- Boston Garden
- 20th century in Boston
- Basketball Association of America venues
- Basketball venues in Massachusetts
- Defunct basketball venues in the United States
- Defunct boxing venues in the United States
- Defunct college ice hockey venues in the United States
- Defunct indoor arenas in Massachusetts
- Defunct indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
- Defunct indoor lacrosse venues in the United States
- Defunct National Hockey League venues
- Demolished buildings and structures in Boston
- Demolished sports venues in Massachusetts
- Former National Basketball Association venues
- Indoor ice hockey venues in Massachusetts
- Lacrosse venues in Massachusetts
- Sports venues completed in 1928
- Sports venues demolished in 1998
- Sports venues in Boston
- West End, Boston
- World Hockey Association venues
- 1928 establishments in Massachusetts
- 1995 disestablishments in Massachusetts
- Boston Bruins
- Boston Celtics


text:
- "Struggling Sandy Homeowners and Advocates Welcome Clawback Legislation" by Anthony Campisi, Fair Share Housing, 1/10/2018
- Governing Disaster in Urban Environments: Climate Change Preparation and Adaption after Hurricane Sandy by Julia Nevárez, 4/2/2018
- "5 years after Sandy, NJ not ready for next big one" by Inquirer Editorial Board, The Inquirer-Philly.com, 10/31/2017
- "Hurricane Sandy continues to haunt N.J. residents 5 years later" by MaryAnn Spoto NJ.com,10/29/2017
- "The Hidden Scars of Sandy" by Mark Di Ionno, NJ.com, 10/29/2017
- "#Sandy5: Will the Nation Act on Climate Change Reality?" by Shana Udvardy Union of Concerned Scientists, 10/28/2017
- "A Look at Superstorm Sandy's Wrath Five Years Later" by David Madden
CBS Philly, 10/28/2017
- "How Sandy changed us: Is it enough?" by Michelle Brunetti Post Press of Atlantic City, 10/28/2017
- "On New Jersey's Bayshore, Waiting For A Post-Sandy Recovery That Never Came" by Alexander C. Kaufman and Chris D'Angelo Huffington Post, 10/28/2017
- "Five years after Sandy, Questions Remain About Whether New Jersey Is More Resilient" by Scott Gurian 10/27/17
- "5th Anniversary of Superstorm Sandy" by Marty Moss-Coane, Radio Times WHYY 10/27/2017
- "The Long Road Home: A Look Back At Superstorm Sandy 5 Years Later" by Patricia A. Miller (Berkley) Patch, 10/27/2017
- "Hurricane Sandy, five years later: People living in cars and other realities of a slow-moving recovery" by Amy S. Rosenberg & Frank Kummer Philly.com, 10/26/2017
- "Survey: 22 percent of Sandy victims still not home" News 12 Long Island, 10/25/2017
- "Why flood insurance might not be enough to save your home" by John Romano
- "Christie marks Sandy 5-year anniversary with good news" by Brent Johnson
NJ.com, 10/24/2017
- 5 YEARS POST SANDY WHERE ARE WE? Stuck in the past with no eye on the future. Trump's Mexican Wall or Storm Surge Protection? by Bob Hennelly, InsiderNJ, 10/24/2017
- "EDITORIAL: Sandy's recovery lessons can't be ignored" Asbury Park Press, 10/22/2017
- "A Replacement Home Arrives, Little Assembly Required" New York Times, 10/22/2017
- "Victims Share Lessons Learned After Sandy, but is State Listening?" by John Reitmeyer, NJ Spotlight, 10/20/2017
- "Sandy: 1 in 5 families still not home, survey says" by Russ Zimmer
Asbury Park Press, 10/20/2017
- "Many In New Jersey Still Struggling To Recover 5 Years After Sandy" by Sean Adams, CBS New York, 10/19/2017
- "Survey details Sandy's continued misery" by Mark Di Ionno
NJ.com, 10/18/2017

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Will America suffer the same fate as Europe and the rise of what Karen Armstrong calls "secular fundamentalism"? We seem to be headed in a similar direction with the secularization of our schools and courts. Christianity in America, like Christianity in Europe, is under attack. We see it every day. Judges are being scrutinized for their religious beliefs, especially on abortion and homosexuality. A similar thing happened to Italy's nominee to the European Union's executive commission. He was attacked by EU parliamentarians and the press because of his view that homosexuality was a sin. The attacks were so vicious that he had to step down. While 59 percent of Americans say that religion is very important in their lives, only 11 percent of the French, 21 percent of Germans, and 33 percent of Britons do, according to the Pew Research Center.
What happened to the once-Christian Europe? George Weigel, a theologian and senior fellow of the Ethics and Policy Center in Washington, D.C., says that the culprit "is the atheistic humanism that took shape in the 19th century."1 Whether in the form of Auguste Comte's positivism (empirical science is the only reliable worldview), Charles Darwin's naturalism (nature is all there is), or Karl Marx's materialism (the spiritual world is an illusion), it attempted "to exclude transcendent reference points from cultural, social, and political life," Weigel contends. "It reversed the view that the Hebrew and Christian God was the source of human freedom and dignity and proposed that this God was the obstacle to both."
Acquiescing to secularism struck at the heart of moral reason "in a culture that had given the world the very concept of moral reason." Two world wars were an indictment of humanism and materialism, but instead of rejecting the materialistic worldview that was used to justify the wars, the people adopted a "hyperindividualism" which has led to "a lack of confidence in the future." When you no longer believe in the future, you tend to discount the past (rejection of Europe's Christian civilization), deny the future, and live for the present, both in philosophy and practice.
To show the detachment many Europeans have to the past and future, during the heat wave of 2003, the French continued their summer vacations. If a family member died, they remained unburied and warehoused in refrigerated lockers which were soon overflowing. In Germany, there are no death notices in the newspapers, no church funeral ceremonies, no secular memorial service—"as though," Richard Neuhaus has observed, "The deceased did not exist." A Swedish company advertises a service in which cremation is replaced with human composting, the dead being immersed and frozen in liquid nitrogen before being smashed in small pieces by ultrasound waves and then freeze-dried and used for fertilizer. Sounds like something out of the dystopian movie Soylent Green (1973):
The American Vision on Facebook
Thorn: "It's people. Soylent Green is made out of people. They're making our food out of people. Next thing they'll be breeding us like cattle for food. You've gotta tell them. You've gotta tell them!"
**Hatcher: "**I promise, Tiger. I promise. I'll tell the exchange."
Thorn: "You tell everybody. Listen to me, Hatcher. You've gotta tell them! Soylent Green is people! We've gotta stop them somehow!"
Given the state of mind of many Europeans, I not sure that Detective Thorn's warning would elicit much of a response. In fact, some might consider turning the dead into food a good idea. It's the funeral plan that keeps on giving.
Europe is also having what demographics' expert Ben Wattenberg calls a "birth dearth" where the average birth rate among European women is 1.4, while the minimum replacement rate is 2.1. Similar demographic statistics can be found in Japan. Europe has another related problem—a competing worldview that it has no inherent ability to fight—Islam. The Muslim population in France could grow from being 5 percent of France's 60 million population today to a majority in 25 years. Fouad Ajami, director of the Middle East Studies Program at Johns Hopkins University, told the [Harvard Political Review] that much of the Muslim population of France, for example, is "shut up in these ghettos, secluded and kept apart from French society. They have a subculture of their own, a slang of their own, a language of their own. And the French have no answer to them." For many nationals whose self-conceptions rest on shared cultural values and assumptions, the existence of this distinct, alien, highly-religious community is perceived as a serious threat to national unity.
Christianity has been the only religion able to compete with Islam, but Europe today is experiencing the spread of "Christophobia" that "is tied to a Europe-wide spiritual malaise that is pushing the Continent toward broad cultural and economic decline." You can't beat something with nothing. Spain has already capitulated to Islamic terrorists. Individualism can not beat a corporate worldview. Christianity is corporate: one body but with many members. "I believe in the holy catholic (universal) church." When this corporate identity is denied, you become ripe for the picking.
There are signs of hope among the young. Many of the children of the "now middle-aged and soon to be retired . . . have become Christian believers. Those who grew up Christian and rejected both the faith and the Church in late adolescence or early adulthood are puzzled, even angered, by the phenomenon of their children turning to Jesus Christ and Christianity to fill the void in their lives."[2] It's the counterculture in reverse; the decade of the 1960s turned on its head.
[1] Jay Tolson, "European, Not Christian," U.S. News & World Report (May 30, 2005), 52. [2] George Weigel, The Cube and the Cathedral: Europe, America, and Politics Without God (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 76–77.


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In California, an adoption is defined as the legal process that terminated the birth parents' parental rights and permanently transfers these parental rights to the adoptive parents such that the adopted child is considered to be a family member. Anyone can become an adoptive parent and adopt a child, even if you are single, do not own your own home, or older in age.
Guardianship of a child is awarded in California when a California probate court appoints an adult, who is not the child's parent, to care for and tend to a child or a child's property. The California probate court can only grant probate guardianship if the child is not involved in a Family Court or Juvenile Court action. There are two types of probate guardianships; guardianship of the person and guardianship of the estate.
The Law Offices of Edward Misleh, APC is a law firm that handles California child custody matters and California guardianship issues. Due to the fact that we primarily represent clients with family law matters, we are able to provide our California clients and clients in Northern California with services they need and deserve when addressing California custody or guardianships. Call now our Lawyer Hotline. Call now 321-951-9164.
How do I adopt? How do I adopt a child in California? What is involved for an adoption?
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another. This "other" person is usually a child. The child is adopted from the biological or legal parent but can be an agency adoption. All rights and responsibilities for the adopted child are permanently transferred from the biological parent to the adopting party.
Independent Adoptions
This is a direct transfer from the birth parents to the prospective adoptive parents. The adoptive parents must receive an advisement of rights and responsibilities. They birth parents must sign an Independent Adoption Placement Agreement which, unless revoked, in 30 days automatically becomes an irrevocable consent to adoption.
Agency Adoption
This involves the use of a licensed public or private agency. The agency can be the California Department of Social Services. When this is done, the birth parent's parental rights are terminated either by a court order or by filing a Relinquishment. The agency studies and approves the adoptive applicants and then places the child in the adoptive parents' home. The agency then supervises placement for a period of six or more months before court approval. This can be a lengthy process. The time involved depends on the workload of the agency selected and could take anywhere from six months to a year to complete.
Financial Assistance
The California Adoption Assistance Program can provide financial and medical assistance for foster children who are adopted. This assistance may continue until the child is age 18 or, in certain circumstances, age 21. Note that California Paid Family Leave Insurance Program extends disability compensation to allow adoptive parents who take time off work to bond with a new child.
Intercountry Adoptions
The prospective parents adopt a foreign-born child who qualifies for a special immigration entry visa. The process involves completing the adoption process both in the child's native country and in California. The length of time for this process will vary with each country.
Contacting Your Birth Parents
A public or private adoption agency that handled an adoption can provide non identifying background information on birth parents to the adopted child. The information provided includes general facts about the birth parents and their medical history. This service is available only for adoptions that were finalized in California. If you do not know the name of the licensed adoption agency, you can make a request for this information from California Department Social Services.
Contacting the Adopted Child
The agency that handled the adoption can give birth parents' general, non identifying background information regarding the adoptive parents, including any information on the status of the case.
Contacting Your Sibling
Through the Mutual Consent Program, adoptees and siblings may obtain information to make contact with a Waiver of Rights to Confidentiality for Siblings. Adoptees or siblings must be 18 years of age or older. Once California Department Social Services receives information from both siblings, they will disclose each one's name and address to the other.
California Mutual Consent Program
California has a Mutual Consent Program that is administered by either the California Department Social Services or a licensed public or private adoption agency that handled adoptions. Once either agency receives consent forms from the birth parents and the adopted child who is now 18 years of age or older, they can release contact information.
Obtaining a Birth Certificate
You must file a petition where your adoption was finalized to obtain a copy of your original birth certificate. The petition must establish good and compelling cause for the granting of the order which is at the sole discretion of the court as to whether the original birth certificate will be unsealed.
For more information on adopting a child, click on one of the following link:


text:
Florida House Approves 24-Hour Waiting Period For Abortions On 77-41 Vote
By Margie Menzel, The News Service of Florida // April 23, 2015
TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA — With the Senate also poised to take up the issue, the Florida House on Wednesday approved a bill that would require 24-hour waiting periods before women can have abortions.
The measure (HB 633), sponsored by freshman Rep. Jennifer Sullivan, R-Mount Dora, passed on a vote of 77-41, largely along party lines.
The debate followed party lines, too, with Republicans arguing for the sanctity of life and Democrats arguing for the right to choose.
"This is not a procedure — it is a life," said Rep. Jimmie Smith, R-Inverness.
"Representative Sullivan, the greatest consequence of your bill is a beautiful baby."
But House Minority Leader Mark Pafford, D-West Palm Beach, called the bill "an example of government intrusion."
"This is not a reflection period — this is a 24-hour ban," Pafford said.
The bill would add the 24-hour waiting period to the conditions for informed consent before women can end pregnancies.
The full Senate on Thursday is expected to take up an identical measure (SB 724).
Sullivan said her bill would "empower" women by giving them more time to reflect before making such decisions.
"I am here today as an advocate for those women who are being pressured," she said Wednesday.
Elected last year at age 23, Sullivan has said she's witnessed pressure placed upon women by their loved ones, especially a spouse or a boyfriend, to make a hasty decision about having abortions.
"I care about the women who have sat in my office," she said.
"I care about the women who have cried in committee."
But House Democrats contended that the bill was just another barrier to safe, legal abortion in Florida.
"Little by little, this state is whittling away at this right," said Rep. Janet Cruz, D-Tampa.
"Not only does this bill not empower women, I believe it takes our power away," Rep. Cynthia Stafford, D-Miami, said.
"If I have to wait, you've taken my power away from me for a decision I've already made — as if I can't make decisions on my own, in my own time."
The bill's supporters, however, said abortion should require a waiting period for the same reasons that other medical procedures are delayed.
"Abortion is the outlier," said Rep. Cary Pigman, an Avon Park Republican who is a physician.
"No other elective, significant, surgical procedure is ever done on the same day as the initial consultation …whether it's having your knee repaired, your gall bladder taken out or your buttocks improved. People change their minds. They do it all the time."
Applause followed many of the speeches supporting the bill, intimations of the vote to come.
Democrats already had tried to amend the bill to alleviate what they called a hardship to poor women, for whom two trips to abortion clinics in other counties would represent additional costs and, in many cases, extra time off from work and family obligations.
Sullivan rejected proposals to allow women to consult with doctors online or to have nurses explain the procedure on the first visit.
On Tuesday, however, Sullivan accepted an amendment by Rep. Rene Plasencia, R-Orlando, to include exceptions for women who are victims of rape, incest, domestic violence or human trafficking.
Those exceptions could be granted only if women have police reports, restraining orders, medical records or other documentation to show why they should not have to make two trips to have abortions.
But Rep. Victor Torres, D-Orlando, said that as "a retired cop," he knew well that most victims do not report such crimes.
"A woman is violated by a family member — incest, domestic violence — do you think she's going to run to the police and report it?" Torres asked.
"We see what women suffer. They don't tell anyone."


text:
Just after sunrise and while the moon was still high in the sky, we were driving out of Nelson.
Highway 6 runs through the mountains and over a couple of passes before descending into the Rai Valley. We had breakfast there. Further on, the road crosses the Pelorus Bridge and can be closed when the river is in flood. At Havelock, there are two options to get to Picton where the ferry departs from. You can stay on Highway 6 and get there via Blenheim or take the windy and scenic route. We chose the latter and were only a little way along it when we came to a look–out with views back up the valley and over the Marlborough Sounds.
Eventually this road descends to the shores of Queen Charlotte Sound and we arrived in Picton. We had a little time to kill before the ferry so coffee, a look in Down Under Books, the local second-hand bookstore which has a good selection of books on New Zealand as well as all the usual sections. Before heading over to the ferry terminal we had a short walk around the marina to Shelley Beach. There are other trails around here for walking and cycling.
Our mileage so far on the South Island has been 1604 miles. We dropped off the rental car as they charge you £500 to take one over to the North Island. We had arranged to pick another up in Wellington the following day. The ferry was not too busy at all and you can check in your cases so that you don't have to lug them around on board.
The crossing was smooth and the sun went down before we docked in Wellington.
After getting my fix of mountains and forests it was quite strange to be back in the city with concrete flyovers, skyscrapers and rush hour traffic. We took an electric taxi to our hotel and had dinner at a nearby Belgian pub. We finally had some venison for the first time here after seeing so many red deer being farmed on the south island and were served by a guy from Leeds. We have met so many young people from the UK and Europe who are working here. Most of the antipodean youth seem to head for London.
New Zealand: crossing the Cook Strait
Just after sunrise and while the moon was still high in the sky, we were driving out of Nelson.


text:
Fremont may refer to:
In the United States:
Fremont is a train station in Fremont, California served by Amtrak and Altamont Corridor Express (ACE).
Amtrak tickets can be purchased from the QuikTrak machine located inside the station waiting area.
The station has two outside-boarding platforms. Platform 1, nearest the station on the north side of the tracks, is of standard length for Capitol Corridor trains (typically five cars long). Platform 2, on the south side of the tracks, is a short platform, and most trains calling on that platform board from only one or two cars. The usual operating practice is to have all ACE trains call at Platform 1, and to only have Capitol Corridor trains call at Platform 2 when there is another service (ACE or Capitol Corridor) running the opposite direction around the same time, so as to allow the two trains to pass on the double-track segment between Newark Junction and Niles Junction.
Fremont is a Bay Area Rapid Transit station that serves Fremont, California. The elevated island platform is now the southern terminal station of BART's Fremont line, which is served by trains on the Fremont - Daly City Line, which runs daytimes Monday-Saturday, and the Richmond - Fremont Line, which runs during all BART service times. All trains terminate service and reverse direction at this station. In due time, the Fremont station will no longer be the southern terminal of this line when the Warm Springs station opens for revenue service. The Berryessa station will extend the line farther, precursors to the planned extension to San José and Santa Clara.
Service at this station began on September 11, 1972. On October 2, 1972 a car ran off the tracks at this station due to a component failure, an incident dubbed the "Fremont flyer."
Fremont station is an important regional transit transfer point, as it is a hub for AC Transit and Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) buses.
Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A follower of veganism is known as a vegan.
Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism. Dietary vegans (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances. The term ethical vegan is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animal products for any purpose. Another term is environmental veganism, which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.
The term vegan was coined in 1944 by Donald Watson when he co-founded the Vegan Society in England, at first to mean "non-dairy vegetarian" and later "the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals." Interest in veganism increased in the 2010s; vegan stores opened, and vegan options became available in more supermarkets and restaurants in many countries.
Wine is sometimes finished with animal products. Specifically, finings used to remove organic impurities and improve clarity and flavour include several animal products, including casein, albumen, gelatin and isinglass.
Wineries might use animal-derived products as finings. To remove proteins, yeast, and other organic particles which are in suspension during the making of the wine, a fining agent is added to the top of the vat. As it sinks down, the particles adhere to the agent, and are carried out of suspension. None of the fining agent remains in the finished product sold in the bottle, and not all wines are fined.
Examples of animal products used as finings are gelatin, isinglass, chitosan, casein and egg albumen. Bull's blood is also used in some Mediterranean countries but (as a legacy of BSE) is not allowed in the U.S. or the European Union. Kosher wines use isinglass derived from fish bladders, though not from the sturgeon, since the kosher status of this fish is in debate .
Trenton Doyle Hancock is an American artist. He was born in 1974 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and grew up in Paris, Texas.
Hancock received a BFA from Texas A&M University-Commerce, and an MFA from the Tyler School of Art at Temple University, Philadelphia. Hancock makes prints, drawings, and collaged felt paintings.
The characters which populate his imaginary worlds include the Mounds, half-animal, half-plant creatures, which are preyed upon by evil beings called vegans.
Hancock was included in the American Folk Art Museum's "Dargerism" exhibit, showing the influence of Henry Darger on contemporary artists.
He is represented in New York by James Cohan Gallery and was featured in PBS' Art:21.


text:
This picture is called
"The All Electronic System".
It is a reflection on the
advancement of postmodernity.
Nowadays in 2018 we barely use
this type of analog communication
medium. Mobile phones now do all
the work. The picture is part of
my current photography project
"Plymouth City Noir" which I will
be releasing in PDF later on in 2019.
It was taken in December 2018
with a Sony DSCHX400V.
To learn more about the concept,
you can watch the video
Silent Film: The All Electronic System


text:
Suns out guns out in this tunic tank that's perfect for summer rides in the jeep or hanging out poolside. The classic black tank has a fun pop with the colorful animal print pocket! The tunic-length tank is excellent for pairing with leggings or Bermuda shorts or wearing a swimsuit cover-up! The plus-size tunic tank has a standard scoop neckline and armholes that are a bit longer for showing off your bralette or swimsuit. Just a peak, though. Get ready for summer with this perfect tank! Fits true to size.
Hand wash in cold water. Do not wring or twist. Lay flat or hang to dry.
96% Polyester 4% Spandex
|Body Length
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+Astonishing use of audio and visual approaches, helping immerse players
+Combat scenarios are fun and at times quite difficult
+A nice change of pace compared to Compile Hearts' previous titles
+Fun and traditional gameplay using normal dungeon-crawling experiences
–At times, the game seems to try hard, and seem rather "edgy" when using controversial approaches such as undressing characters
-Over-sensualizes the idea of self-harm to help heal party members out of their "Berserk" style state.
-Third-person gameplay would have been astonishing to have had in the games gameplay mechanics
For the PlayStation Vita, 2017 seems to be one of its biggest years. We've seen it get some admirable titles ranging from Tokyo Xandu, to the enigmatic and well scripted Utawarerumono: The Mask of Truth, to the interesting, and once-completed, enigmatic Caligula Effect. It's been a year that Sony should take notice of when it comes to the PlayStation Vita and it's third party support that keeps the handheld afloat, but that's not to mention the many other games the handheld has received in recent days.
In recent days, it's been a low expectation to see anything new on the Vita, and even more-so the fact that Sony hasn't surprisingly shut it down already. If you were to ask me the reason behind such thoughts, it's should come as no surprise for me to state that the handheld is close to its final steps in North America, but sometimes, a hidden gem slips between the cracks and reminds me why I love the game. Again, I've been proven wrong by Compile Heart, a company who has made some question moves regarding their Hyperdimension Neptunia series. With a chance of pace came their new title for Mary Skelter: Nightmares.
Mind you, even as a huge fan of the Vita, I was somewhat startled to see another title from them staring an almost all-female cast. One that almost seemed like they walked into a Hot Topic, took a few pictures, and decidedly walked out once they found their cast, slapped them into an anime setting, and gave them special powers. And so I thought I would be off to the races once more with another Compile Hearts title, one that would be a clone of their other franchises, only to forget its need for an identity of its own.After gritting my teeth and booting it up, Mary Skelter decided to subvert my distaste that'd been growing due to rehashed games in recent years, and gave me something a bit more enjoyable. A game that decided to be apart of a new trend and finds itself as a game that is actually quite a lot of fun. Enough fun I've decided to give it another dive post-review.
Surprising enough Mary Skelter changes its premise from Compile Hearts' past experiences, which was a first, and a surprise to begin with. The game takes place within an unnamed city in Tokyo, which later becomes a crater in the ground, and eventually swallowed up by a mysterious prison that is only known as the "Jail". Those who inhabit the "Jail" are now victims of torture and are depraved of their humanity by the mysterious creatures known as the Marchens.In the introductory minutes, we are quickly introduced to several inhabitants of this God forsaken place known as Jack and Alice, whom are rescued by no other than the Red Riding Hood, but Red Riding Hood is also known as a "Blood Maiden" within the game. After rescuing your main protagonists, you are quickly recruited into the "Dawn Resistance," a rag tag group of people dedicated to climbing the tower in the center of the "Jail" and escaping to the surface world. In order to do this, they will need the Blood Maidens' power in order to escape, which brings the idea of legendary fairy tale characters to life.
Characters such as Princess Kaguya, Sleeping Beauty, and more will come to aid (since that's where they get their characters names from, fairy tales). While some of the characters may not seem interesting, some of them are quite interesting, and offer unique takes on their fairy tale selves. While it does seem cliche that they used such creatures, it can't go without saying that Mary Skelter: Nightmares does do a nice job at providing a moderate amount of entertainment from each of the characters.
Let alone do they find inspiration from fairy tales, they seemingly even find a way to bring a Lovecraftian touch to the game, which somehow, oddly works well in Compile Hearts' favor. Unlike most JRPGs I didn't expect for the story to draw me in as well as it did, which has seldomly happened as of late for games. That's not to say I haven't enjoyed the stories, but rather they didn't keep my glued to the screen as you would expect.
A world such as the one in Mark Skelter: Nightmares isn't something you often seen in games. The eldritch world they created is something unique, something I've not found as alluring as it is. I didn't think I would find myself finding interest in some of the otherworldy creatures as I did, and even cult-like religious touches and allies of whom I didn't entirely trust.But it paid off and even drove me to love some of the games creative aspects. Even if the developer at times seemingly tried to force into existence by trying a little to hard, but even then, it seemed the game remained genuine to its very existence. While this could have been damaging to the overall narrative, it seems as if the game was carefully crafted around its rather standardized dungeon crawling experience. If you've played games such as Etrian Odyssey, Persona Q, or anything of the likes, the game is something of that type, one that forces players in a single press of the buttin order to move forward or backwards.
However, there are a few cringe-worthy moments within the game. One such moment is how the game deals with an eye-roll worthy move within the game known as "Skelter." This only happens to the games Blood Maidens who take too much damage, who will endure a "Berserk" or "Confused" style status, which requires players to use Jacks blood in order to cure them. The more depressing part of this? While I'm not one to appreciate the use of comical nudity, or anything of the sort, the game does see the Maidens in "Skelter" mode shed their clothing, as stated, they are cured by Jack being forced to spray them with his blodo in order to cure them.
While this "edgy" touch could be appreciated, it its only an eye-roll worthy moment at this point, so much so that I found myself just clicking away at the X button till it was time to move on. But as I stated, that doesn't take away from the experience that is Mary Skelter: Nightmares. The game does just enough right to make this dungeon crawler concept a rather enjoyable one, one that will bring you in more than you would expect, and will keep you hooked for hours on end. Whether its the highly customizable jobs, weapons, and skills that players will take advantage of, the game does all this right in every way possible.
While the game does use some of the most basic gimmicks from FOE style dungeon crawlers, it does it well enough that the Nightmares, aka the dungeon enemies, are a bit freakier than you would expect, causing your skin to crawl when they spot you, causing a "Murder Hunt". But why is it freakier? Well, to be honest, the map goes into complete darkness while that little mini-map you know so well goes into complete disappearance during these hunts. If you are pulled into the battle that ensues, you may find yourself drawn into the games unique combat for this scenario, which sends players into a battle where escape is their only option.
Mary Skelter: Nightmares – PlayStation Vita
Developer: Compile Heart
Publisher: Idea Factory, Intl.
Release Date: Available Now
Cost: $39.99
While combat is certainly based around it's turn-based JRPG elements, Compile Hearts hits it home with both of artwork, and even their soundtrack, which I noticed my fingers and toes tapping to from time to time. to the beat of songs such as the violin filled "Metalic Bowfight" and the upbeat "Urge to Freedom". To wind down our review, I highly suggest to head over to YouTube, check out the songs, and even give Mary Skelter: Nightmares a whirl of your own.
Since the game is a rather fun and effective title that delivers its entertainment value one button push at a time, I overall enjoyed the games rather fun and creepy Lovecraftian setting, which I highly suggest for you PlayStation Vita owners to enjoy. With the Halloween season almost here, it's time for you to consider enjoying such a title, and one that certainly fits into the realm of enjoyable titles.
Our review is based upon a retail version we provided by the games publisher. For information about our ethics policy please click here.
Final Score: 7 out of 10
About the Writer:
Dustin is our native console gamer, PlayStation and Nintendo reviewer who has an appetite for anything that crosses the boarders from across the big pond. His interest in JRPG's, Anime, Handheld Gaming, and Pizza is insatiable. His elitist attitude gives him direction, want, and a need for the hardest difficulties in games, which is fun to watch, and hilarity at its finest. You can find him over on Twitter or Facebook.


text: "I have known Bill for more than 20 years. Bill has always been a straight forward businessman in the multiple transactions we have completed over the years. Bill has a unique ability, no matter what the complexity, to focus on the real issues and create and add value to real estate investments. Bill sees solutions that other prospective purchasers do not see. Bill's reputation and credibility enable him to raise both equity and debt, when others cannot."


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For this week's Throwback Thursday, we're looking at excerpts from past posts on Live Write Thrive. From 16 Tips on How to Survive and Thrive as a Writer, by Brian Feinblum:
Today, people believe they can social network their way to the top, that they are one witty tweet or one viral video away from making millions. They want to be on a reality show, they want to blog their way to fame, they want to create the next Facebook—but they fail to put in the hard work that is needed.
Those involved in book publishing seek to cash in their lottery ticket. Everyone who writes a book has the hope—even the expectation—that they will have a best-seller on their hands. Who is there to give them a tissue box when their Book Scan numbers don't register beyond a blip of sales?
But, reality aside, here's the pep talk all writers will need at some point in their careers. Put aside the need for hard work, luck, connections, great writing, hiring professional help, etc. Continue Reading…


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Lysefjord means "light fjord" and is named for the towering granite cliffs which line its shores. Carved by ice age glaciers, the water in places is as deep as the mountains are high. We headed out early from Stavanger on a 3 hour cruise in Lysefjord. I must admit I was wondering if we had made the right choice, since we have spent most of the last few days in fjords, but I am very glad we didn't back out. The landscape was quite different and very dramatic, the sky was blue (again) and we had a delightful morning. The fact that we stopped for traditional Norwegian waffles had nothing to do with our enjoyment of the outing.
Lysefjord is most famous for Preikestolen, or Pulpit Rock, a remarkably rectangular rocky outcrop high atop the cliff. 604 metres (1,982 ft) high to be precise. It is possible to hike to it, but that's a little too high for my liking! We passed Hengjane, a lovely waterfall fed by melting snows. We got so close we were getting splashed, and were able to collect some fresh Norwegian water to drink.
With only an hour left to see Stavanger we obviously couldn't venture very far. We popped in to the cathedral of St Swithun, which dates from 1125. A "new" chancel was built in the gothic style in the 13th century, and a very elaborate pulpit was added in 1658. We had a wander through Gamle Stavanger (old Stavanger), where winding cobbled streets are lined with pretty white weatherboard cottages dating from the 17th & 8th centuries. Pretty.
We sailed at 1:30 so we have a quiet afternoon on board – first "down time" we've had since leaving home. Shall we go for a swim, take a nap, have afternoon tea, head to the gym (haha), go shopping? … so many choices! Tonight we are having dinner at The Chef's Table -one of the specialty restaurants on board, which offers a 5 course tasting menu with a different theme every few days. Tonight's theme is "Xiang". I will of course provide a full report.


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In August, 2104, Michigan State University announced progress on development of transparent solar energy cells that could be applied to windows or any sheet of glass. Today, much is going right at Michigan State University. The undefeated football team is in the Top Ten. The best basketball coach of a generation, Tom Izzo, is readying his team for an NCAA title run. And, the stellar alternative energy research program has made great progress with transparent solar cells.
These new cells have vast potential on a residential and commercial scale. Imagine the energy every window in a skyscraper could produce. Meanwhile, the view from inside the building would not be deterred. Michigan State just may have a grip on a transparent and effective means to make every home or office more energy efficient.
The new solar harvesting system is based upon a new solar concentrator that when placed over a window converts the sun's rays to solar energy. But, unlike earlier attempts at this technology, the Michigan State transparent solar cells do not block the view or cast colorful shadows inside the building. The efficiency of these new solar cells that convert rays to solar energy are soon to be tested with the use of various solar monitoring systems while they are actually being used in real-world applications, meaning the data harvested will be accurate for the locations, times and efficiency of each system deployed.
Richard Lunt, an assistant professor of chemical engineering and materials science at MSU's College of Engineering, says the key word is transparent. "No one wants to sit behind colored glass," adds Lunt.
Solar Harvesting System
The transparent solar cells form an effective solar harvesting system that relies on small, organic molecules to absorb specific, nonvisible wavelengths of sunlight. The system was developed by a team led by Lunt who co-founded a new company, Ubiquitous Energy, as an MIT startup in 2013.
The new cells use organic molecules to collect the ultraviolet and "near infrared wavelengths" that glow at another infrared wavelength. When the infrared light is guided to the edge of the plastic, it is converted to electricity by thin strips of photovoltaic solar cells.
Blunt explains the net effect on the transparency of the windows this way; "Because the materials do not absorb or emit light in the visible spectrum, they look exceptionally transparent to the human eye."
The benefits of the transparent solar cells for windows are underscored by the non-obtrusive, non-invasive application which provides a clear view to the outside.
The product's amazing flexibility would permit the cells to be deployed to any sized window at a residence, commercial or industrial building. The cells open "a lot of area to deploy solar energy in a non-intrusive way. It can be used on tall buildings with lots of windows or any kind of mobile device that demands high aesthetic quality like a phone or e-reader. Ultimately we want to make solar harvesting surfaces that you do not even know are there," Lunt explained.
In August, the transparent solar cells were able to produce a solar conversion efficiency rating of 1 percent. At that time, the goal was to achieve 5 percent efficiency. In August, the most effective colored LSC had a 7 percent efficiency rate.
In April, 2015, Ubiquitous Energy said it was close to bringing the transparent solar cells for windows or sheets of glass to market. The company has improved the ability of the transparent cells to change the way the cells absorb light.
The cells work by selectively harvesting that part of the solar spectrum that is not seen by the eye but which can allow light to pass through. It is this process and research that separates the Ubiquitous Energy – Michigan State University cells from earlier attempts to perfect the technology.
In earlier versions, the "transparent" solar cells were only partially transparent. In fact, previous attempts at the technology actually cast colorful shadows.
The new Michigan State University transparent cells rely on a different technique to gather sunlight. The new cells do not use the traditional approach to photovoltaic cells.
Instead, the new cells use a transparent luminescent solar concentrator (TLSC) that uses organic salts to absorb non-visible wavelengths that glow as a different type infrared light that guides the light to the edge where the thin strips of conventional photovoltaic solar cells convert the light into solar energy.
Lunt and his team hope to increase the efficiency from the 1 percent in August, 2014, to 10 percent by the time the product comes to market.
The success of the transparent solar cells on an individual basis will not be huge. But, when every window in the building has the same or greater yield, the cumulative conversion efficiency and effectiveness is tremendous.
"Ultimately, we want to make soar harvesting surfaces that you do not even know are there," said Lunt. The biggest obstacle to "transparent cells" has been the intrusive, unattractive nature of the panels over clear windows.
With Michigan State's new transparent solar cells, solar energy panels are not obtrusive. Instead, they compose an alternative energy source with broad yields.
Isn't it time your home, office building or industrial building deployed transparent solar cells to produce energy that does not affect the view?
Go solar today!!!


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"How do you even get a tiger?"
That is the very good question asked this week by a Houston, Texas, 311 dispatcher when a woman called to inform them that, upon entering an abandoned house to smoke weed, she and her friend discovered a what the Houston Chronicle described as a "chubby tiger" locked in a tiny cage.
"I'm not lying," the woman — who was probably not high yet because happening upon a zaftig wild animal tends to take precedence over most other activities — assured the dispatcher. "I don't know how he got it in there. It's not a baby tiger. It's pretty big." To which the dispatcher replied with that very good, timeless question: "How do you even get a tiger?"
Neither of them knew the answer, it seems, so the dispatcher patched the woman (who has asked to remain anonymous) through to the nearby BARC animal shelter, which sent an animal control officer, accompanied by a Houston Police Department officer, to the scene.
They discovered the tiger in "4-by-8-feet cage, resting on a bed of hay" and concluded that he "had eaten recently but was dehydrated."
After he was transferred to BARC's animal shelter, he was administered tranquilizers to sleep, and woke up on Tuesday morning "in good spirits," Lara Cottingham, an employee of the city's Administration and Regulatory Affairs Department, which oversees BARC and 311, told the Chronicle.
She added that he was "snoring adorably," and that he was "really Instagram friendly," posing "regally" for photos and picking up his food bowl with his mouth to "request a meaty nosh." (Somewhere, out on the fringes of our reality, the phrase "Instagram friendly tiger" overwhelms the system, interrupting the flow of data, causing a small but pronounced glitch in the Simulation, like a tear of color across a TV screen.)
The staff at BARC have taken to calling the curvy tiger "Tyson," a nod to The Hangover movie. It is still unclear (1) where he came from, or (2) how you even get a tiger, though I imagine the answer to the second mystery lays somewhere in the bowels of the internet, and involves a chain-smoker named Lyle.
Also unclear: whether the unnamed woman was finally able to get high in peace and to reflect on her heroism, and the thin line between man and beast. Let us hope so.