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Open Access Library Journal
Vol.04 No.10(2017), Article ID:80047,11 pages
Analysis of Temporal Drought Characteristic Using SPI Drought Index Based on Rainfall Data in Laikipia West Sub-County, Kenya
Amon Karanja, Kennedy Ondimu, Charles Recha
Department of Geography, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com
Copyright © 2017 by authors and Open Access Library Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
Received: June 25, 2017; Accepted: October 28, 2017; Published: October 31, 2017
Severe drought has affected Kenya in the past decades reducing crop yields leaving millions of people in dire need of food. Drought cycle in Kenya has reduced increasing drought frequency in the recent decades. This study assessed drought characteristics in Laikipia West sub-County which lies in a region classified as arid and semi arid. The specific objective of the study was to analyze seasonal and annual drought characteristics in Laikipia West sub- County between 1984 and 2014. The study adopted documentary review design in the data collection. Standard Precipitation Index was used during the data analysis process. The drought years identified in Laikipia West sub- County were: 1984, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2009. The seasonal drought events shows that for the period under study Laikipia West sub-County has never experience drought during the MAM and OND seasons in the same year. This explains the importance of seasonal climate forecast to crop farmers. The study also established that the average drought cycle in the study area is 3 years. The study recommends construction of mega water reservoirs which could collect water during the wet season to be utilized during the dry seasons. The study also recommends channeling of drought information through the government agencies at the beginning of every season.
Subject Areas:
Atmospheric Sciences, Natural Geography
Drought, Documentary Review, Drought Characteristics, Standard Precipitation Index, Drought Cycle
1. Introduction
Drought is a form of environmental stress that originates from a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period of time long enough to cause moisture deficiency, biotic loss, crop failure, loss of lives both human and bovine and general hardships [1] . Drought is one of the critical natural disasters that adversely affect people, river basins, water resource systems and ecosystems [2] . Assessment of drought conditions is critical for planning water supplies, irrigation systems, crop and food security program, hydropower generation, water quality management and waste disposal systems [3] .
El Niño events are associated with many global climatic anomalies such as flooding and drought [4] . Droughts in many parts of the world are part of normally occurring inter-annual climate variations, and although El Niño events may cause or intensify drought conditions, many droughts are independent of the El Niño phenomena. This variable as a cause of drought is exemplified in southern Africa, where there is a strong correlation between the El Niño and rainfall patterns [5] , but not all droughts are correlated to El Niño events and conversely not all El Niño events result in drought conditions. According to [6] inter-annual climate variability (El Niño) has huge impacts on the region's climate. Warm El Niño events produce abnormally high amounts of precipitation in parts of equatorial Africa. It has been documented that in Sub-Saharan Africa, eight major droughts have occurred in the last four decades: 1965/66, 1972/74, 1981/84, 1986/87, 1991/92, 1994/95, 1999/2001 and 2005/06 [7] . According to [8] East Africa has been faced by large variability in rainfall with occurrence of extreme events in terms of droughts and floods. The region has experienced droughts in the last 20 years―1983/84, 1991/92, 1995/96, 1999/2001, 2004/2005. El-Niño related floods of 1997/98 were a very severe event enhanced by unusual pattern of SST in the Indian Ocean. Africa will be affected more severely by drought than other regions [9] .
Between the early 1970s and the mid 1990s the African Sahel experienced one of the most dramatic long-term changes in climate observed anywhere in the world in the twentieth century, with rainfall declining on average by more than twenty percent [10] . Drying trends have also been observed in the northern Congo basin, and may continue, resulting in a transition to savannah in this region [11] . Over the past 50 years, Kenya has experienced at least one main drought per decade [12] . The severity and frequency of droughts in Kenya have been increasing over the years. Drought was chosen because it has been a major threat to households' livelihoods in Kenya in the last 30 years [13] .
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Research Methodology
The study area was Laikipia West sub-County in Laikipia County, Kenya. The choice of Laikipia West sub-County was based on variation in livelihood options. Drought impacts and adaptations strategies are determined by economic activities of the households and their variations leads to adoption of different adaptation strategies. Laikipiameans treeless plain in Maasai language [14] . Laikipia West sub-County is located to the north west of Mount Kenya. The sub-County lies between Latitude 0˚05' and 0˚43' North and between longitudes 36˚10' and 36˚50' East and an area of 3188.8 Km2 as shown in Figure 1. The altitude of the Sub-County varies between 1000 m above sea level and 2600 m [15] . Laikipia West sub-County has four administrative wards namely; Rumuruti, Muhotetu, Sipili and Olmoran [16] .
Figure 1. A map of Laikipia west sub-county showing the sampled sites. Source: [20] .
2.2. Climate and Agro-Ecological Zones
The study area is located in the rain shadow of Mount Kenya making the area dry. The sub-County has humid, semi humid and semi-arid agro-ecological zones. The agro ecological zone of Rumuruti ward the sampled ward is LH 4, LH 5 and UM 5 [17] . Laikipia West sub-County is classified as 50% - 85% ASAL with an annual rainfall varying between 500 and 800 mm [18] . Daily temperatures vary with altitude and season; mean temperatures range within 22˚C - 26˚C and temperature Minimum and Maximum are 6˚C - 14˚C and 35˚C respectively. Due to the sub-County leeward position North West of Mount Kenya, it is comparatively dry despite its location on the Equator. The spatial distribution and the temporal viability of rainfall are strongly influenced by Mount Kenya and Aberdare Ranges. Rainfall follows the seasonal movements of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) resulting in two rainfall seasons [19] . The rains primarily fall in two seasons; first is the wet season that occurs during March-April-May and often accounting for 80% of total annual rainfall. Second is the wet season that occurs in October-November-December.
Rainfall amount data for a period of 31 years (1984 to 2014) was utilized. Thirty one year's period was chosen because it is within the minimum period which climate change is believed to take place. In 1984 Kenya experienced among the worst droughts in history while 2014 severe drought predicted. This necessitated the study on drought characteristics and trends between the two inter drought periods in Laikipia West sub-County. Rainfall data was collected from Rumuruti and Ndaragwa WRMA stations. The selection of the stations was informed by the fact that they are the only reliable stations in the study area. Although there are other weather stations such Mukogondo forest and Nyahururu rainfall stations in Laikipia West sub-County, the data collected from these stations was not considered for the analysis because more than 34% of the data was missing and failed the reliability of climatological test.
Standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used in the analysis of drought characteristics. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) expresses the actual rainfall as a standardized departure with respect to rainfall probability distribution function and hence the index has gained importance in recent years as a potential drought indicator permitting comparisons across space and time [21] . The computation of SPI requires long term data on precipitation to determine the probability distribution function which is then transformed to a normal distribution with mean zero and standard deviation of one. Thus, the values of SPI are expressed in standard deviations, positive SPI indicating greater than median precipitation and negative values indicating less than median precipitation [22] . Drought characteristics analyzed were; drought frequency, drought severity and drought magnitude. Positive SPI values indicate greater than median precipitation and negative value indicate less than median precipitation because the SPI is normalized. Wetter and drier climates are represented in the same way; thus wet and dry periods are monitored using SPI as on Table 1. Time series was used to analyze rainfall trends.
Table 1. SPI values.
Source: WMO (2012).
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Rainfall Trend in Laikipia West Sub-County (1984-2014)
Rainfall trend is the graphical representation of the observed drought years from 1984 to 2014 in Laikipia West sub-County. Results in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) show the trend on rainfall amounts in Ndaragwa and Rumuruti stations. The highest rainfall amount was experienced in 1997 and 1998 in Rumuruti and Ndaragwa respectively. This coincides with the 1997/1998 El Niño phenomena in Kenya where the country received rainfall above normal. Other periods when the region experienced high rainfalls are 1990 and 2012. The lowest average rainfall was experienced in 1984, 1999, 2000 and 2009. When compared to the mean rainfall, 53% of the study period in Rumuruti station received below mean rainfall while 40% received rainfall above the mean. This shows that during the study period more years recorded below normal rainfall.
The lowest average rainfall experienced in 1999 and 2000 coincides with the La Niña phenomena that followed the El Niño rains of 1997 and 1998. In a related study, it was established that in South Africa drought disasters tend to occur in the year following the onset of El Niño and are less frequent at other times [23] . The lowest rainfall amount was recorded in 1984 in Rumuruti and in 2009 in Ndaragwa stations. Ndaragwa has had a higher precipitation compared to Rumuruti and this could be due to its proximity to the Aberdare Ranges. Results rainfall trend are similar to the findings of [24] in the Sahel region, and [25] in Tharaka, Kenya, who established a return to normal rainfall pattern after a depressed rainfall pattern in the early 1980s.
When compared to the mean rainfall, 47% of the study period in Ndaragwa station received below the mean rainfall while 37% received rainfall above the mean. This shows that during the study period more years recorded below normal rainfall as compared to the years that received above normal rainfall. During the study period only 16% of the years received normal rainfall in Ndaragwa. The mean rainfall in Ndaragwa station is higher compared to Rumuruti station and this could mean that Mutara location which is in proximity to Ndaragwa could have favourable conditions to support maize (other crop) farming or growth of pasture than the other Locations in Rumuruti Ward.
Figure 2. (a) Annual rainfall trend (1984-2014) for Rumuruti station; (b) Annual rainfall trend (1984-2014) for Ndaragwa station. Source: Field data (2016).
3.2. Drought Characteristics in Laikipia West Sub-County (1984-2014)
Rainfall amount data was used to identify, quantify and classify seasonal drought years, both long and short rain seasons in Laikipia West sub-County from 1984 to 2014. Drought characteristics have been analyzed on seasonal and annual bases. Drought analysis during the wet months has been necessitated by the importance of the seasons to crop growers in the study site who entirely depend on rain fed agriculture. The wet months in Laikipia West sub-County are March, April and May (MAM) which is a long rain season and October, November and December (OND) which is a short rain season. The dry months are January, February, June, July, August and September. In this study, drought was categorized as moderate, severe and extreme. Moderate drought refers to the drought with the SPI value of −1.0 to −1.49. Severe drought refers to drought with SPI value of −1.5 to −1.99 and extreme drought refers to drought with SPI value of −2.
Results in Figure 3 show that for the period under study during the long rain season, about 19% and 16% of the years received below normal rainfall at Rumuruti and Ndaragwa stations respectively. It is notable that; 1993 and 2000 were the driest years during the MAM at both Rumuruti and Ndaragwa; while 1998 was the wettest year in both stations during the same season. The recent
Figure 3. Long rain season SPI results for rumuruti and Ndaragwa station. Source: Field data (2016).
drought during MAM was in 2009 in Ndaragwa and Rumuruti stations. The SPI results in Figure 4 show that for the period under study, about 16% and 29% of the years received below normal rainfall during the OND at Rumuruti and Ndaragwa stations respectively. It is notable that; 1985, 1987, 1996 and 2010 were the driest years at both Rumuruti and Ndaragwa; while 1997 was the wettest year in both stations during the same seasons. The recent drought during OND was in 2010 in Ndaragwa and Rumuruti stations.
The seasonal drought events shows that for the period under study Laikipia West sub-County has never experience drought during the MAM and OND seasons in the same year. This shows that in case there is drought in one season the following season is a non drought season. This explains the importance of seasonal climate forecast to crop farmers on placing the best bet in maximizing production in favourable seasons and to caution them during unfavorable seasons either by planting drought resistant seeds or opting not to cultivate crops. The findings supports the earlier argument by [26] that revealed that in United State of America poor temporal spread of rainfall is harmful to crop. The findings also supports the earlier argument by [27] that regular occurrence of drought as a result of erratic rainfall distribution and cessation of rain during the growing season reduced Nigeria's capability for increased crop production.
The annual drought analysis is important because of the livestock farmers who depend entirely on natural pasture for their livestock throughout the year. The standard precipitation index annual results in Figure 5 show that for the period under study, about 36% and 17% of the years received below normal annual rainfall at Rumuruti and Ndaragwa stations respectively. Also 40% and 67% of the total number of years under study received normal rainfall at Rumuruti and Ndaragwa stations respectively. It is notable that: 1984, 1987 and 2009 were the driest years at both Rumuruti and Ndaragwa; while 1998 was the wettest year in both stations. These findings highlight the significance of global scale drivers of climatology such as ENSO and regional scale drivers of climatology such ITCZ on East African climate. It is instructive to note that in 1990, Rumuruti received above normal rainfall while Ndaragwa received below normal rainfall.
Figure 4. Short rain SPI results for Rumuruti and Ndaragwa station. Source: Field data (2016).
Figure 5. Annual SPI results for Rumuruti and Ndaragwa station. Source: Field data (2016).
The results highlight the significance of localized factors such vegetation cover and topography in influencing rainfall amount. Notable too is establishment that Rumuruti station has experienced more droughts in the past than Ndaragwa station.
The results presented in Figure 5 reveal that, moderate drought was experienced in 1995 and 2008 in Rumuruti and 1999 and 2000 in Ndaragwa; severe drought in 1985, 1987, 1991, 2005, 2009 and 2014 at Rumuruti station and 2014 in Ndaragwa; while extreme drought was experienced in 1984, 1999 and 2000 in Rumuruti and 1984, 1987 and 2009 in Ndaragwa. The 1984 drought is on record as the most severe drought in Kenya that was triggered by La Niña event of 1982-1984 [28] . The wet years are also classified as moderately wet, very wet and extremely wet years. These are quantified as 1.0 to 1.49, 1.5 to 1.99, and 2.0 and above respectively. The moderately wet (1.0 to 1.49) years were: 1990, 2003, 2007 and 2013 in Rumuruti and 2004, 2010 and 2013 in Ndaragwa.
These results concur with earlier studies that the drought cycle has changed in the recent time and become more frequent, 2 - 3 years, giving no time to recover from the effects [29] [30] [31] ). The wet years (1.5 to 1.99) were 1998 and 2010 in Rumuruti and 2012 in Ndaragwa. The extreme wet years (2.0 and above) were 1997 and 2011 in Rumuruti and 1998 in Ndaragwa. Other regions of the world that experienced drought during the same period include Thailand [32] and South Africa [33] [34] [35] [36] .
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
There has been an increasing trend on average rainfall amount in Laikipia West sub-County. The years that received below normal rainfall (drought years) (−0.99 to 0.99) were: 1984, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2009 and 2014. The recent extreme drought event in Laikipia West sub-County was experienced in 2009. The near normal rainfall (−0.99 to 0.99) years were: 1986, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2012. The above normal rainfall (Wet years) were: 1990, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2013. The highest amount of Laikipia West sub-County was experienced in 1997 and 1998 and this was during the El Nino phenomena where Kenya as Country received rainfall above normal. The seasonal drought events shows that for the period under study Laikipia West sub-County has never experience drought during the MAM and OND seasons in the same year. This explains the importance of seasonal climate forecast to crop farmers. The study recommends construction of mega water reservoirs that will collects water during the rainy seasons and this water could be utilized during the dry periods for both domestic and irrigation use. Since the demand for horticulture product is high during dry periods the collected water can be utilized during drought as an opportunity to make wealth in Laikipia West sub-County. The study also recommends channeling of drought information through the government agencies at the beginning of every season.
The authors of this article acknowledge the Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension for availing funds to support in publication of the article from the on-going research on effects drought on household livelihoods and adaptation strategies in Laikipia West sub-County, Kenya. The authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors, editors and publishers of journals and books from where the literature of this article has been referred.
Cite this paper
Karanja, A., On- dimu, K. and Recha, C. (2017) Analysis of Temporal Drought Characteristic Using SPI Drought Index Based on Rainfall Data in Laikipia West Sub-County, Kenya. Open Access Library Journal, 4: e3765. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103765
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The Grand Rapids Griffins installed a Playoff Hockey sign on the windows at Van Andel Arena to mark the team's pending playoff run. Photo by Ryan Gajewski/Grand Rapids Griffins
Local sports history will be made on Oct. 18.
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The rest of the Griffins schedule will be released later this summer.
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Synchromagic enables you to synchronize files and directories, either one-way or bi-directionally, with many useful options. Synch files/folders on one computer, from one to another, from one to several, or from several computers back to just one. Tasks can also be performed over a local area... [Read more...]
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If you've ever wondered what happens in Irvine's wilderness open spaces when the sun goes down, then join me — Irvine City Councilmember Melissa Fox — on a full moon hike on Monday, September 24.
We will meet at the Bommer Canyon Cattle Ranch at 7:00 pm. Please be on time. The hike will likely take 2 or 2.5 hours.
Experience the beauty and serenity of a moonlit night in Irvine's Bommer Canyon. I hope you'll join me!
This hike is just over 3 miles and includes 700 feet of total climbing elevation with several very steep inclines. The steepest section ascends 300 feet in a quarter-mile. Participants must be in good physical condition.
You can also see information about the hike on the Facebook Event page HERE.
Find the Irvine Ranch National Landmarks page HERE.
About Bommer Canyon:
Rich in both Irvine Ranch lore and nature's wonders, Bommer Canyon beckons walkers, hikers and all other outdoor enthusiasts to stroll past ancient oak and sycamore groves and rough rock outcrops.
In 1837, José Antonio Andrés Sepúlveda established Rancho San Joaquin, including the entire area now known as Bommer Canyon.
In 1864, Flint, Bixby & Co. purchased a large portion of Rancho San Joaquin including Bommer Canyon and its surroundings.
James Irvine, who had been a silent partner in Flint-Bixby, became the sole owner of Irvine Ranch, including Bommer Canyon, in 1867.
Between the late 1800s to the 1970s, the Bommer Canyon Cattle Camp served as the center of the Irvine Company's cattle operations.
When the Irvine Company's cattle operations finished, the Irvine Company sold the Bommer Canyon area to the City of Irvine between 1981 and 1982.
In 1996, roughly 50,000 acres of preserved land on Irvine Ranch, including Bommer Canyon, were designated as a National Natural Landmark — the first such landmark for California since 1987.
Collectively the preserved lands are known as the Irvine Ranch Natural Landmarks. Irvine Ranch Conservancy began managing Bommer Canyon for the City of Irvine in 2005, restoring the natural habitat and initiating community programs.
In 2011, the City of Irvine officially opened the Bommer Canyon trailhead at the corner of Bommer Canyon and Shady Canyon roads.
Today, many trails in Bommer Canyon are open daily for self-guided hikes or bike-riding from approximately dawn to dusk. However, some trails and areas within the canyon can only be accessed through guided programs and require pre-registration with the city or the Irvine Ranch Conservancy.


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Editorial Marketing and Publications (Feldscher) records
Identifier: A124
Karen Feldscher received her Bachelor of Arts in English from Oberlin College. Later she went on to take courses at Northeastern University studying psychology, business, creative writing and HTML. Feldscher worked for over 26 years at Northeastern, beginning in 1984. Working as a senior writer, she edited a research journal at Northeastern, wrote for its alumni magazine and authored several annual reports. At one point she was the editor of The Voice, Northeastern University's in-house newspaper for faculty and staff. While working at Northeastern, Feldscher wrote a book documenting the history of Northeastern University during the presidency of John Anthony Curry. The book is entitled Northeastern University 1989-1996: The Curry Years: Smaller but Better. Feldscher is currently working as a Senior Writer and Project Manager at Harvard School of Public Health.
- 1986-2003
- Feldscher, Karen (Person)
Language of Materials
Materials in this collection are entirely in English.
Conditions Governing Access:
Records are closed for 25 years from their date of creation, unless researchers have written permission from the creating office.
1 cubic feet (1 container)
System of Arrangement:
Arranged in one alphabetical sequence.
Technical Access:
Some audio recordings are slightly inaudible.
Physical Location
Immediate Source of Acquisition:
Received from Karen Feldscher on September 28, 2010.
- Feldscher, Karen. Northeastern University 1989-1996: The Curry Years: Smaller but Better. Northeastern University, 2010.
- Baer, Michael
- Belmore, Mark
- Benenfeld, Alan R.
- Biography
- Blackman, David
- Blackman, Eugene J.
- Bork, Ruth
- Boyd, David
- Chandler, Dana
- Chaplin, Tyler
- Cipolla, John
- Culver, Robert
- Curry, John A.
- Curry, John A.
- Dukakis, Michael S. (Michael Stanley), 1933-
- Finkelstein, Larry
- Fox, James Alan
- Franks, Peter
- Frederick, Tony
- Gallup, Barry
- Givelber, Daniel
- Gorlov, Alexander
- Grabel, Arvin
- Grande, Corinne
- Grinold, John
- Hall, David
- Harrington, Paul (Paul E.)
- Hellman, Daryl A.
- International Symposium on Particles, Strings, and Cosmology
- Jordan, John
- José, Jorge V. (Jorge Valenzuela), 1949-
- Keady, Thomas
- King, Paul
- Knowles, Asa S. (Asa Smallidge), 1909-
- Lane, Harlan
- Lane, Harlan L.
- Levesque, Jeanne
- Lowndes, Robert
- Martin, John
- Mena, Terry
- Meyer, Richard
- Murder -- 20th century
- Nagel, James
- Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.)
- Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.)
- Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.). Center for Cooperative Education
- Northeastern University (Boston, Mass.). Libraries
- O'Bryant, John D., 1931-1992
- Olyha, Gail
- Penna, Anthony
- Pierce, Glenn
- Plunkett, Patrick
- Reppucci, Eugene M.
- Rigg, Karen
- Roberts, Daniel J.
- Rosenblatt, Norman
- Ryder, Kenneth G., 1924-
- Sawhney, Pawan K.
- Scarborough, Jane
- Stonely, Paul
- Strauss, Phyllis R., 1943-
- Tutu, Desmond
- Tyler, Chaplin, 1898-2004
- Vozzella, Robert
- Wallace, Kimball
- Washburn, Harold
- Weiss, Ira
- White, William C.
- Zungolo, Eileen
- Feldscher, Karen (Person)
- Title
- Finding aid for the Editorial Marketing and Publications (Feldscher) Records
- Author
- Finding aid prepared by Sonja Drotar
- Date
- 8 April 2014
- Language of description
- Undetermined
- Script of description
- Code for undetermined script
- Language of description note
- Description is in English.
Repository Details
Part of the Northeastern University Archives and Special Collections Repository
Snell Library
360 Huntington Avenue
Boston MA 02115 US
Snell Library
360 Huntington Avenue
Boston MA 02115 US


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Golf nets are a way to practice effectively at home without taking a trip to the driving range. Now more than ever, nets have become an integral part of practicing your golf game at home. At this point, there is an overwhelming selection of products out there, so we created this guide to give you recommendations based on your budget.
One thing I will note in this category is that you truly get what you pay for. There's nothing wrong with the budget options, but be aware that their longevity and usability will be inferior to the premium options.
Additionally, you will find several ways to practice more effectively using a driving net at home. Let's dig in!
(1/19/21: we have updated this article with our latest recommended golf nets)
Budget Golf Nets
If you don't have a ton of money to invest, you can get some deals on relatively inexpensive golf nets. I have tried many models, and it's best to go in with lower expectations. Budget nets are a great entry-level proposition if you're not completely sure you will practice that much at home. But be aware, the materials used will be less durable (prone to ripping over time). Setup can be a little more burdensome. Additionally, they don't have as many features as capturing the ball for you or even allowing it to return to your hitting position.
Consider whether or not your practice net will be in a fixed position or if you will have to move it around. Many of the lower-cost options are a hassle to take apart and put back together.
Our Pick: Rukket Sports
When you factor in the cost, functionality, and durability, Rukket Sports' nets are great options. The two options I recommend are the Pop Up Net
(more portable) and their Haack Net.
Rukket's golf nets are a step up above the extreme budget options and generally cost between $130 – $175.
Extreme Budget (Below $100) Pick: GoSports 10′ x 7′ Net
This hitting net from GoSports is a prime example of the type of net you can expect to buy for less than $100. With this design, the net is hung between lightweight poles that can be put up and broken down relatively quickly, so it is transportable.
However, with such a lightweight design, this type of net really is not designed to be put up permanently as the wind and other elements could easily break it. At ten feet wide by seven feet high, the net should be large enough to catch most all shots besides high-lofted wedges, but you will have to be standing fairly close to the net. Last, while it can be used indoors, at this price level, you only get a single layer of netting and no side netting to catch errant balls or ricochets, so there will still be some risk of damage.
- Cost-effective option with high ratings and "Amazon Choice" designation
- Lightweight and easily transportable
- One person can set it up
- Not suitable to be permanently left up outdoors
- High ball speed or high backspin golfers may have issues with net durability.
Best Value Golf Net: Spornia SPG-7
The Spornia SPG-7
is becoming a bit of a cult legend in the golf net space. At just under $250, it's perhaps the best overall value because of its quality of design and durability. It's not surprising that it often sells out, and it has an unheard of 5-star rating on Amazon.
What makes the Spornia so unique is that it can easily be set up and taken down without hassle. Many other products make this claim, but I can tell you from personal experience that they are not as easy as it looks. Take a look at this video from Spornia to see it in action:
The SPG-7 has an automatic ball retrieval system, which returns your shot to your feet without hitting the floor. Additionally, they've used quality materials on the net, so you can expect it to last much longer than the budget options mentioned earlier. Besides the ease of use, the Spg-7 net also features side netting to catch errant golf balls and a top net that overhangs to capture even high wedge shots.
There are a couple of potential downsides. Some golfers think the noise from impact on the target shield can be a little loud. Also, at less than 20 lbs, a strong gust of wind could send the net flying, which doesn't make it a permanent outdoor use option.
Overall, if you can get your hands on one, the Spornia SPG-7
is a great option for indoor or outdoor use.
- Unique design for ultimate ease of setup and portability
- Side netting and roof net to catch all types of shots
- Net and target sheet layer should provide durability
- Not suitable to be permanently left up outdoors
- Current high demand means delayed shipping after purchase
Premium Pick: The Net Return
Since I started Practical Golf, I've tested hundreds of golf products in almost every category. The Net Return is one of my favorites. For the past four years, I've had the Mini Pro Series in my house, and there are no visible signs of wear after hitting tens of thousands of shots. Simply put, this is the best golf net. If you know you're going to have a more permanent setup, especially for a home golf simulator, it's worth the extra investment, in my opinion.
This video shows some of the basic functionality of the net and what makes it different:
One of my favorite features is that the design limits the amount of space necessary indoors. I have my net set up within inches of a wall, and there's never been any damage. Additionally, the mesh they use is considerably stronger than any of their competitors. It can withstand pretty much any ball speed, and it's why you'll see golfers like Bryson DeChambeau and long drive champion Kyle Berkshire using it in Chris Como's "living room lab."
Last but certainly not least, no matter how hard you hit the ball, it is gently returned to you if you have a level surface. So you're not constantly walking back and forth to pick up balls.
At under 30 pounds, The Net Return can be transported, but I wouldn't call it "portable." The setup process can take anywhere between 5-10 minutes, so it's best if you keep it in place wherever you plan on using it.
Based on your budget and size requirements, there are four options available:
Mini Pro Series (smaller dimensions for higher spaces, 250k shot guarantee – $649)
Pro Series V2 (larger frame, rustproof aluminum, 250k shot guarantee – $795)
Pro Series XL (largest size available, rustproof aluminum, 250k shot guarantee – $1995)
Home Series (can be used for multiple sports, 1-year warranty – $695)
If you are using it indoors, I recommend getting the side barriers to protect against the occasional sh*nk. Also, their roll-up turf is a great value. I've used it for several years, and I like the quality and ability for it to be rolled up quickly when the net is not in use. Also, it allows the ball to return to your original hitting position more easily.
- Design requires less clearance behind the net for indoor use
- Sturdy enough for all ball speeds
- Usable for other sports (NFL football teams on the sidelines use net Return)
- High cost
- Not the easiest to set up and take down
Hitting Cages: More Permanent Options
A hitting cage is likely the best option for golfers with the outdoor space and desire to have something semi-permanently set up and ready to hit into. While hitting nets are generally one main net and possibly small side nets, a hitting cage has a rigid cube with netting on four or five sides. Since it provides an enclosed space, these cages will catch even the most offline shots.
The Cimarron Masters Golf Net Enclosure is one of the best options in this category if you want a premium hitting cage.
They offer two sizes 10′ x 10′ x 10′ and 20′ x 10′ x 10′. The setup will be more involved, but this is a great pick if you're looking to create a mostly-permanent outdoor hitting cage.
If you're on a lower budget, the Gagalileo hitting cage
is another consideration at just under $400.
How to Practice Effectively With a Golf Net
Once you pick the appropriate golf hitting net, the next step is to use it properly. Practicing your ball striking at home can certainly help improve your game, but there are a few ways to make sure your time is well spent. I'll include a few ideas with links to further articles on our site.
- Build a Simulator – the hardest thing about hitting into a net is not getting actual feedback on where the ball went. The price of home golf simulators has come down dramatically. I wrote this guide to give you a rundown of options available at multiple price points.
- Hone Your Tempo – The rhythm of your golf swing is extremely important. To find out why tempo is so important, you can check out this post. Additionally, I made a guide on how to practice your swing tempo.
- Work on Impact Location – All great ball strikers know how to find the center of the clubface. This is a crucial skill that needs to be developed. Get yourself dry-erase pens and make a small marking on the back of your golf ball. Or you can get yourself a can of Dr. Scholls Odor X, and spray the face of your irons or driver. Find your impact tendencies and start experimenting with your swing.
You can check out my guide to practicing golf at home here as well.
Wrapping It Up
There are a few golf nets on the market that make sense to use at home. This is a category where you truly get what you pay for. The options listed in the article will help get you started.
Additionally, if you are serious about improving your game, I would try out some of the practice methods listed. Simply hitting balls into your net without having a purpose or routine is likely not going to make you a better golfer. If you can dedicate a small portion of your day to a few of these methods, I can assure you that you will see results on the course!


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The increasing significance of technology in every industry maintains to drive the want for a various organization of certified specialists to manage the implementation and changes of the era. Pursuing a degree at an era management graduate school may be the proper step for beginning a worthwhile career in the management of everything from pc hardware to records security inside an agency.
Overview of Technology Management
Technology control experts are in excessive demand due to the particular set of abilities they possess. In this subject, professionals are capable of making leadership and control based totally selections, broaden answers to era troubles, and technique the control of generation from systems wondering perspective.
For any control professionals, a number of the capabilities which are required consist of being capable of manage personnel, organizational design and communication, and monetary evaluation and decision making. Technology control experts integrate this knowledge with specific information era and structures era skills and know-how to efficiently lead and make choices for the evaluation, forecasting, techniques, and selection making with a number of different records generation departments.
Technology Management Graduate Degree Curriculum
There are some of the technology_management graduate college choices for prospective college students. While there are differences depending on the man or woman software and college, college students most customarily entire a set of middle courses, electives, and a graduate software in order to complete the graduate degree. This combination facilitates to put together graduates to transfer relevant, beneficial talents into the staff.
From graduate level publications in the era of commercial enterprise, students are able to research a selection of capabilities and advantage treasured information. Some courses in an era often included facts technology_management, operations, rising technologies, and ethics. Additionally, college students will take business and control publications which include supply chain management, income and advertising and marketing, and account for the era.
These guides deliver college students the possibility to advantage a large foundation to increase an knowledge of the primary basics of era control. The electives and the grasp's assignment construct on that foundation to help students start to cognizance their training in a selected region of technology_management. Some examples of electives encompass expertise management and courting control. The grasp's level mission combines the understanding, idea, and skill a graduate student has gained even though instructional coursework to take a look at how that potential can be transferred to a real-global, difficult commercial enterprise problem or problem in order to find an answer or manipulate a selected scenario.
Career Development with a Technology Management Graduate Degree
Technology experts should broaden a spread of competencies. In addition to knowledge statistics era, professionals on this area have to additionally be able to manage change with generation and generation systems, integrate practical areas of business, leveraging technology, and business control principles to efficaciously lead the generation driven features of a business.
These abilities are wanted in many distinct sorts of positions throughout all sorts of offices, from the federal authorities to non-income and educational groups to private groups. From the leader information officer to statistics era supervisor, a diploma in technology_management is a useful tool to advantage the enjoy and competencies needed for all kinds of control positions of technology-driven departments.
The age of modern-day day studying has arrived. It is now not a matter of whether or not we want to integrate generation and training; it's miles a necessity. The reality poses a tremendous hassle and chance to the longstanding instructional establishments that have for the maximum element remained unchanged for nearly a century. Who could have imagined that the alphabet's letter "E" would for all time remodel the face of education to E-Ducation?
Technology in training has advanced from fundamental tools along with the abacus, pencil, ruler, paper and calculator to computer systems, laptops, iPads, pills, software, and apps. The technological improvements by myself are forcing the way wherein teachers teach, how college students study, the ways schools are based and breaking the limitations among domestic and faulty lifestyles. At its middle, technology is impacting the very essence of the future of humanity.
Digital Natives: A Generation Dedicated to Learning with Technology
The prominence and upward push of generation inside the international apply to all aspects of life along with how we learn. It appears that the times of "open your textbook, study the following pages and solve the questions" might be for the most component an issue of the beyond.
As educational establishments resist and make tries to confirm, it's far essential to keep in mind the getting to know desires of brand new digital natives. The digital natives are those who have been born during or thereafter the inception and introduction of the digital generation.
This era isn't always simplest conversant in technological advancements and gadgets they expect it. As such, drastic measures will be carried out to meet the scholar's expectations for getting to know. The key can be to conform to an uncertain, modern, changing and dynamic international global.
Pivotal Technologies and Learning Portals
Technological advancements will allow education to be universally on hand, customized, individualized and incredibly adaptive. In essence, gaining knowledge with technology is propelling independent mastering to the forefront.
Now greater than ever, college students can have the opportunity to individualize and navigate the information portals via pivotal technologies along with the Internet, Open Sources, Virtual Learning Environments and Mobile Learning Devices. Open Sources includes MOOCs and Web 2.Zero.
Massive Open Online Courses will allow college students the autonomy and flexibility to pick what they need to analyze independently. The Web 2.Zero is virtually the manner new net pages are designed and used. Students may have a large number of options by a distinctive feature of the usage of Open Sources thru a spread of Mobile Learning Devices.
Virtual Learning Environments will simplest beautify the learning enjoy by making it fun and interactive. Students may have a large choice of getting to know mediums to finish assignments and get hold of comments. Hence, the studying might be more interactive and tasty.
Individualized Learning and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
The function of the teacher might regulate to reveal and offer comments at an exceptional level. Technology would of the route also assist the teacher with the various impartial getting to know assignments, tasks, displays and so forth. Of the scholar's through using Learning Analytics. Learning Analytics is the accumulated of created statistics to usually examine and exactly guide scholar mastering.
The digital natives are deciding on their personal gadgets to learn in a world that has cloud computing and the Internet. They are living in a digital records literacy online world. Their fact encompasses mastering thru academic games and virtual mastering structures. They are dwelling in a world in which the physical and virtual have amalgamated.


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Matcha Powder, Green Tea Ceremonial Organic 180 Grams, Uji MatchaDispatches in: 1 Hour
Product Specifications
Chideno Ceremonial Organic Japanese Matcha Green Tea Powder 180 Grams
Japanese Matcha is rich in antioxidants and a natural energy boost super food.
If you want morning energy without that coffee caffeine, our organic Matcha is a non-bitter natural replacement.
*Grade A Bright Green Shade Grown Premium Organic Matcha Green Tea Powder
*Non Bitter and Bright Green
*100% Japanese Certified Organic Matcha Powder.
*No Additives or preservatives (Gluten free and Vegan)
*Rich in antioxidants, boosting metabolism and a great replacement for coffee as a source of natural energy
*Processed using traditional methods and packing
Use With: Japanese matcha whisk and green tea set
The Chideno matcha is a certified Organic Matcha, cultivated, processed and packaged in Japan in Uji and is some of the highest quality in the market. It took us some time to be able to find the perfect product we trusted our brand name on.
Item Details
Import Designation: Imported
Country of Origin: Japan
Farm: Uji
Weight: 30 Grams Net Matcha Green Tea Powder x 6 (Pack) = 180 Grams
Grade: A
Sealed: Yes (Easy Open)
Organic: Yes
Certification: OCIA Organic
Colour: Bright Green
Form: Powder
Use: As a hot drink, in dessert recipes as well as in frappuccinos and smoothies
Cultivation: Shade Grown, minimal processing
Disclaimer: Dairy-free, wheat-free, non-GMO


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2512 W Main Ave
West Fargo, ND 58078
(701) 373-0606
(701) 373-0626 (fax)
Monday - Friday: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m.
As a family-operated company, we make sure to instill our family values throughout every aspect of our services.
Whether you want a flooring update, new flooring installations, or flooring replacements, come to STC Flooring. Let our skilled and expert staff help you get the flooring of your dreams that meets your budget & style. Offering:
> Hardwood flooring
> Laminate
> Carpet
> Tile
> Vinyl
Stop by our new spacious showroom to see our large selection of quality and unique flooring.


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In ruby programming Destructive methods are used to change the object value permanently by itself using bang (!) operator. The exclamation
Category: Ruby Interview Questions
Frequently asked Ruby interview questions
How to get ruby class of an object?
In Ruby programming method 'class' is used to get ruby class of an object. Method 'class' is used to tells
What is difference between true, nil and false keywords in ruby?
true, nil and false are the keywords in Ruby. In which nil is a special keyword reserved to indicate the absence of value
What is the use of array in Ruby?
An Array is a sequential collection of items, where each item is placed at a unique index or we can
What is class variable?
The two @ characters at the beginning of the variable name is called class variable. See an example below: @@date_today
What is the use of super keyword?
The super keyword calls a method with the same name in the ancestor or 'super' class. If the super keyword
How to define class and create objects in Ruby programming?
In Ruby programming, defining class is very simple it is very much similar as in most of OOPs language, simply
What is the use of new and initialize in Ruby Programming?
When a class contains a method named initialize this is automatically called when an object is created using the new
what is called Methods in Ruby?
As name itself tells definition, a method is so called because it provides a method (that is, 'a way') for
What is a class instance variable in Ruby?
The Variables starts with the @ character are called instance variables. They belong to individuals' objects – or instances of
How to right comments in Ruby programming?
Line starts with a # character are treated as comments by Ruby interpreter. So if you want to right comments
What is Ruby on rails?
Ruby on Rails, or simply Rails, is a web application framework written in Ruby under MIT License. Rails is a an impressive framework, providing default structures for
What is Ruby?
Ruby is a cross-platform interpreted language and pure object oriented programming language. Ruby has many features in common with other


text:
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How was your week?
Happy reading
Wow that does sound like an intense fire! Hope no one was hurt.
I hope you have warm slippers :)
Wishing you a great reading week
Hopefully someone new will move into your building soon so it's not so cold. Have a great week!ReplyDelete
Silent and uneventful sounds good, although I do like to get lots of things done. I am hoping to start a buddy listen of a Nora Roberts series next week.
Have a lovely warmer week and happy reading!
Anne - Books of My Heart Here is my Sunday Post
Well, right now, I want my life as quiet and uneventful as possible. I am still cleaning up the mess the broken bathroom wall has left me (dust is still everywhere!) and that is enough to deal with *smile*. NR has so many great series, I will definitely check out your blog to see which one it is.Delete
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LAS VEGAS, CES 2012 – Or maybe it's that they're pretending even less. The amount of bling at the Monster "booth" — it was actually more of a compound, complete with a super-secret inner sanctum — would make Snooki (who was at the show) blush. Their three newly released headphones seemed far more focused on fashion than sound; even Monster founder Nole Lee's Segway (was it a Segway?) rolled around on gold-rimmed wheels. Then there were the booth fashion shows…
But the set they seemed most proud of (I assume, since they were pushing it at every opportunity) was the Inspiration, which was fairly plain compared with the other two pairs save for one thing: The headband fabric could be removed and replaced with another color or fabric type. Oh, almost forgot: They're also noise-canceling.
That's the thing — nobody cared how these 'phones sounded; I certainly didn't. In fact, for the entire first day the headphones were out, Monster had the Diamond Tears and the VEKTR locked up in a display box, and wouldn't take them out for anyone because it was their only "prototype", despite having them out on the floor to play with the next day.
There was one new Monster gadget with impressive audio performance; their new ClarityHD Micro Bluetooth speaker was as loud as their iClarity HD but sounded much better, and can also be controlled through voice commands. Cool. No, Monster didn't leave the fashion out of these guys either — its grill is swapable and attaches through a patented method using magnets. The new speaker is probably a response to the popularity of the Jawbone Jambox, which Jawbone told me saw a massive surge in popularity over the last six months.
The Inspirations are $230 and ship in June; the VEKTR and Diamond Tears are $250 and $280 respectively, and arrive in a few months; the ClarityHD Micro is $220 and available this March.


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About Us!
Dalston Photographic Society has around 40 members and is made up of all sorts of friendly people, with a common passion for photography. We are all at differing levels of photographic experience. Some of us are new to digital photography; some have been taking photos for longer than we can remember. We have members who prefer to take landscape photos; others like taking nature shots. Street photography pops up and portrait photography is popular. Lots of us can't make up our minds as to what we like shooting best.
Then what happens after you have taken the picture?... Some of us prefer minimal post-processing of images - getting the picture how we want it in-camera. For others, the post-processing is all part of the fun. Lightroom, Photoshop - you need any advice, we have people who can advise you. If you want to learn how to cut your own mounts and professionnally display your work - we can help.
In the summer months we arrange group outings to take photos together - this could be a car-share trip to Derwentwater; a mini-bus trip to Beamish; night photography up on Hadrian's Wall; or anything else we can dream up. And of course we often finish up in the pub to compare results.
Being a member of a camera club helps open your eyes to the world, inspires you to see detail and look for pictures wherever you go. Joining a camera club is fun... So if you live near Dalston, come and join us at Dalston Photographic Society; we want to meet you and if you want to share your images with us, we will be delighted to see them.
2023/24 Officers: Chair - Gill Martyn
Secretary - Gilly Linton


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CFP: Nebula: Generalist/All Topics (7/15/06; online publication)
We encourage submission of academic articles from any discipline, coverin=
g any subject or topic, provided that the language used is non-specialist=
and appeals to a wide audience. Unlike many academic publications, Nebul=
a is not limited to a specific school, faculty, or subject.
We are also interested in providing an alternative view to mainstream cul=
tural and political ideologies. As such, we encourage non-fiction, intell=
ectual writing, that does not follow the generic conventions of academic =
writing but which demonstrates substantial sophistication and which may b=
e of interest to a broad audience. We encourage contributors to offer the=
ir political readingsof a particular social/political or military crisis =
current in the world. We are particularly interested in writings that may=
be deemed marginal or seem to be against the grain of mainstream ideolog=
ies. Our project is to ensure the publication of writing of high calibre =
that may be rejected by conservative institutions. Nebula also accepts =E2=
=80=9Cfree writing=E2=80=9Dthat is not politically motivated, but which m=
ay be attuned to various other cultural, social or artistic concerns (inc=
luding television, film, media or music studies).
Nebula also accepts creative work in any form which can be displayed on t=
he world wide web. Poetry, graphics, cartoons, short stories are all welc=
ome for consideration.
All claims within articles or reviews must be evidenced. We will not acce=
pt hoax or poorly researched material. All submissions must be accompanie=
d by a short letter to the editors which will include some autobiographic=
al information and any institutional affiliations (or brief CV). Please m=
ake all attachments in .doc wherever possible. Articles and reviews are n=
ot limited to any particular referencing style but MUST be consistent thr=
oughout each submission. Contributions intended for the SUPER and nineth =
issue (3.2/3.3) must be received byJuly 15, 2006. Nebula's 3.2/3.3 is a S=
UPER issue whch is scheduled for publication in September 2006. Keep in m=
ind that only the most original, well- presented and well thought-out pie=
ces will be considered for publication. Please email all your contributio=
ns and enquiries to nebula_at_nobleworld.biz
Also see SPECIAL PROJECT CFP - Open Deadline seeking targeted submissions=
From the Literary Calls for Papers Mailing List
Full Information at
or write Jennifer Higginbotham: higginbj_at_english.upenn.edu
Received on Fri Apr 21 2006 - 11:07:15 EDT


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Helping government agencies achieve their mission
Serving the public today requires a complex combination of hardware and software that all must be deployed, updated, secured and managed. Whether you're a large agency or small municipal office, we can support you.
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Shop our contracts and discover cost-effective solutions to meet your government agency's needs. From Chrome devices to cloud environments, we'll help you procure, deploy and manage the right solutions to simplify IT management.
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Modernize your government operations.
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*We've Moved! Our new location is at 5397 Truxtun Ave. Bakersfield, CA 93309*
If you have any questions, concerns or would like to schedule an appointment, please contact us using the information provided below.
Welcome |
Our Practice |
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Site Developed by


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Fun for Kids, Sort Of
It's a ballpark within a ballpark! Next to the food court above right-center field is the "family area", which is equipped with a fenced-in mini-diamond that could be a great place for tykes to play some wiffle ball, but in reality will likely be too small to serve as anything other than a romper room.
A few feet away is a pair of batting tunnels, though without pitching machines. There are "L" screens, however, so I guess that there will be some college interns tossing BP. Five swings and out, NEXT!
I get the idea of keeping kids with short attention spans entertained during a "boring" baseball game — the longer the family stays, the more money they spend in the park! But this is a feeble attempt at family fun, and the placement near the taco stand and shake shack in theory makes sense but again, the reality is that the area is going to be too cramped for all this activity. If the Mets wanted to create a great place for the entire family to enjoy the ballgame, they should have taken a lesson from Turner Field in Atlanta, which has a huge indoor wiffle ball stadium, arcade, multiple batting tunnels, running bases, and a sprawling outdoor area with multiple picnic tables set below a monstrous video screen. Actually there's a lot more than that at Turner — see it all here.
Maybe I'm being too critical, but I'm envisioning a major, annoying bottleneck as I make my way to a rack of Kansas City ribs. More to the point is starting the great idea of the family environment, but then stopping short of making it a fulfilling experience. Instead, it's an exercise in futility and frustration. Either do it right, do it all the way, or don't do it at all. (Hmmm … sounds familiar, doesn't it?)
In the next post, we take a bite of an expensive pulled-pork sandwich.


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Another chance to win big from AT&T!
#BeTheFan is a college football program, sponsored by AT&T. They feature weekly challenges delivered by Coach, for college football fans. YOU could win a VIP trip to a BCS Bowl Game of your choice by completing this challenge on Twitter, Instagram or Vine using the #BeTheFan hashtag.
Entering is easy…post to Instagram, Vine or Twitter and use the hashtag #BeTheFan. Check out attbethefan.com for more information and sample entries!
This week, tell Coach why you are the ultimate fan and deserve to win a VIP trip to a BCS Bowl Game
Check out the Video here to get the challenge lowdown.
Entry Dates: Current week's challenge deadline (November 30th, 2013 (12:00 AM)– December 6th, 2013 (11:59 PM) CT).
View Contest Rules here: http://attbethefan.com/Rules
Disclosure: This post is sponsored by AT&T


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Page-Turners You'll Tear Through
Warning, Judges: These new books will keep you up all night to finish.
Photo: Philip Friedman/Studio D
17 of 46
The Most Dangerous Thing
352 pages; William Morrow
Available at:Amazon.com | Barnes & Noble | IndieBound
Gordon Halloran dies after drunkenly speeding his Buick into a concrete barrier. Flash back 30 years: Something terrible has happened in the nearby woods. Gordon, then just a boy, was involved. Are the two events somehow connected? That's the question driving the suspense in The Most Dangerous Thing (William Morrow), Laura Lippman's rich, multigenerational tale that explores how relationships between friends, spouses, neighbors, parents, and children wound and sustain us. Set in the Baltimore community of Dickeyville, the story toggles between 1976—when Gordon, his two brothers, and two neighborhood girls form a tight bond that eventually leads to trouble—and the near present, when the surviving four friends meet at Gordon's funeral. Mourning turns to fear when Lippman's popular private detective from previous books, Tess Monaghan (in a cameo role), seems to have tried to contact Gordon in the weeks before his death. The mystery is undeniably compelling, but it is the characters' everyday lives and longings that make Lippman's novel so knowing. Example: Tally, a housewife who married young, thinks, "I want to move to Paris." But that's not quite true. As Lippman observes, "What Tally actually wants is a do-over, to move to Paris at age 18, to return to a time when she had such choices." Regrets? These characters all have more than a few, but none more haunting than the ones born that fateful night in the woods.
— Karen Holt


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If you love your Domain furniture but feel like it needs a little pick-me-up, then you've come to the right place. At Replacement Slipcover Outlet, we create Domain slipcovers for all your favorite pieces, including those in the popular Matisse collection. Find beautiful Matisse furniture slipcovers for all your furniture pieces, including ottomans, chairs and couches. If you are looking for a particular Domain sofa slipcover, we can work with you to make your vision a reality. Simply tell us what style you have, and we can create something you'll love. When you're looking for Domain couch slipcovers, we understand you have a lot of options. We offer you the highest-quality fabric, and everything is made in the USA. Shop with us today and love your beautiful Domain furniture.
If you are not certain of the Domain style you have, look inside the seat cushion covers for tags that may contain a style number. You may also email us a picture, and we may be able to identify it. If you do not see the style you are looking for, please contact us as we are always adding more patterns to our collection.
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Mrs. Cooper's Classroom
|Kelsy Cooper
|4th Grade Teacher
|Image #1 will
appear here and you can see it if you preview the article. If you are not going to add a picture, delete the text in this box.
I have been teaching at Ashland-Greenwood Public Schools since 2009. I love working with young people and their families. What a wonderful job we as teachers have to really make a difference.
|(402) 944-7083 ex: 202
|Click Here for More Information


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NY Spaces Mag: Jean-Francois LARRIEU's exhibit at Canfin Gallery
Tarrytown, New York-based art gallery, Canfin Gallery, is presenting an exhibition of 'New Works' by artist Jean-Francois Larrieu. On November 7, 2015, Canfin Gallery will present New Works by artist Jean-Francois Larrieu. The artist has worldwide acclaim with over sixty one-man shows under his belt as well as multiple group shows. Larrieu's global following has […]Read More


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September 15, 2009 —The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced today that it has approved 4 vaccines against the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus, formerly known as "swine flu." The vaccine lots are expected to be available and distributed within the next 4 weeks.
FDA Commissioner of Food and Drugs Margaret A. Hamburg, MD, said she thought Tuesday's approval was good news for the nation's response to the H1N1 influenza virus. "This vaccine will help protect individuals from serious illness and death from influenza," she said.
The approval comes at a time when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is reporting that visits to physicians around the country for influenza-like illness are increasing and are higher than expected at this time of year. The vaccines that are currently available against 3 seasonal influenza virus strains will not protect against the 2009 H1N1 virus.
The FDA said that the vaccines, based on early data, effectively elicit an immune response in most healthy adults about 8 to10 days after vaccination. Clinical studies are still underway to produce an optimal dose for children, with results expected in the near future.
Meanwhile, the CDC stresses that influenza is primarily spread through person-to-person contact, by the coughing or sneezing of infected people, and recommends that infected people stay home and limit their contact with others to keep from infecting them.
The newly approved vaccines are being made by CSL Limited, MedImmune LLC, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Limited, and Sanofi Pasteur Inc. All 4 firms reportedly use the same processes to manufacture the H1N1 vaccines. As with the seasonal influenza vaccine, some lots of the H1N1 vaccine will contain the preservative thimerosal and others will not. The FDA has been continuing its efforts toward reducing thimerosal used in vaccines.
The FDA warns that persons with known allergies to chicken eggs or any other substance in the vaccine should probably not be vaccinated, although in the ongoing clinical trials, the vaccines have been well tolerated. The most common adverse effect is soreness at the injection site; other adverse effects can include a mild fever, body aches, and fatigue for a couple of days after vaccination. For the nasal spray delivery system, the most common adverse effects were runny nose, nasal congestion in all ages, sore throats in adults, and fever in children aged 2 to 6 years.
The FDA is working with different organizations regarding adverse event monitoring, information sharing, and an overall analysis during and after the 2009 H1N1 vaccination program, according to the news release. "As with any medical product, unexpected or rare serious adverse events may occur," the FDA notes.
More information is available on the CDC's H1N1 Web site.
Medscape Medical News © 2009 Medscape, LLC
Send press releases and comments to email@example.com.
Cite this: FDA Approves 4 Vaccines for 2009 H1N1 Influenza - Medscape - Sep 15, 2009.


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Easy Beginner's Craft: No Sew Fleece Pillow
No Sew Fleece Pillow
This is a fun and easy project to do with your kids. Took about a couple of hours to make with my daughter.
What you need:
2 different colors of fleece material (I had pink checked fleece on hand and bought white fleece for the second color).
Sewing Chalk (I only had washable markers on hand so we used that instead. The ink "disappears" during the process.)
1 bag of fiberfill
Although the website didn't call for it, we decided to create a heart shaped stencil out of card stock (see below).
The instructions called for cutting two identical heart shapes from the fleece fabric, 26 inches across and 22 inches long (for an 18×14 inch finished pillow).
We first drew half a heart on one sheet of card stock then cut the shape out on both sheets at the same time. We then taped the two half pieces together to make a full heart.
Next, we stacked the two pieces of fleece. Using the stencil we made earlier, we traced a heart on the fabric using the marker. Our stencil was smaller than 26×22 so we added about 5 inches around the stencil to equal the dimensions we needed for our pillow.
We then cut the heart shapes from both pieces of fleece at the same time along the outline of the heart we'd drawn.
Per the instructions on the site, the next step is to draw a heart 4 inches in from the edge of one of the pieces of fabric (see illustration below) then measure and draw a fringe that's about 1 inch wide and 4 inches long (up to the center heart, as shown). We decided to simplify this step and instead marked dots 4 inches away from the edge around the heart.
Next step is to stack the pieces of fleece together and cut the fringe through both layers of fabric.
Once the fringe is cut: Begin at the bottom point of the heart and tie the top piece of fringe to the bottom piece by double-knotting the pieces together. Continue up the side until you get to the dip at the top, then knot together the top 4 fringes (2 pairs) into 1 double knot to cinch the opening more tightly. Then go back to knotting just 2 fringes until only 4 pairs are untied.
To finish the pillow, stuff it with fiber fill and then tie the remaining open fringes.
What we learned from this project:
Don't use fleece that is too soft because it stretches while you're tying knots.
Take the time to draw the heart and mark the strips as described in item #4 above to ensure your fringe is spaced evenly.
Trim your fringe to about 1 ½ inches once the pillow is finished as it will look neater.
Enjoy making this fun craft with your kids!
Mina Frannea is an online media professional. She is the editor and media director at North Texas Kids Magazine and provides freelance marketing and promotional services for clients all over the country. Mina enjoys the Arts & Entertainment, Sci-Fi, new technology, cooking, enlightening discussions and sharing relevant information. Want to share your story with Mina or North Texas Kids? Send Mina an Email


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Cinco de Mayo was the perfect time to whip out this street corn recipe, but honestly, it's great for any season or holiday. It's quick and doesn't take too many ingredients. It's also easy to sub some seasonings if you prefer to have it without chili powder.
Have you tried street corn? My mom had never heard of it until I made it and she really liked it! The lime gives it a fun and refreshing taste.
Street Corn
Prep time: 5 min | Cook time: 15 min | Total time: 20 min
- 3 tbs butter
- 5 cups frozen corn
- 1/4 cup mayo or miracle whip
- 1/4 cup sour cream
- 2 tbs minced garlic
- 1/3 cup shredded mozzarella cheese
- 1/4 tsp chili powder
- 1 tsp chopped parsley
- 1 tsp salt
- In a cast iron skillet, melt the butter
- Add frozen corn and cook until it's no longer frozen
- Add all of the other ingredients and stir until combined
- Cook until everything is melted together and it's a creamy texture
- Enjoy!
XO, Rachel


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Welcome to SparkyLinux forumsZapraszamy również na polsko-języczne Forum https://forum.linuxiarze.pl
Started by Regerwurm63, November 25, 2022, 11:01:44 PM
Quote from: Regerwurm63 on November 25, 2022, 11:01:44 PMHi, a grub-problem hit me today. I am actually in Paraguay and all my Linux mags with CDs in Germany. Downloaded the latest version of sparky on a stick, but nothing works. My Toshiba satellite pro S300l demands a disc, although I ordered the USB in the startoptiob. No regular f12 works. Any idea about commands to get to the motherboard to change the structure?
View the most recent posts on the forum


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Download (size=4.2 MByte). See also on the bottom of this page.
General Description
Software Package to learn about the nature of speech and examine specific aspects and details of live or recorded speech fragments. Although it can be useful for professionals in for instance speech recognition, phonology and speech therapy, it is specifically intended toward students in these and other fields: The visualisation/animation of otherways difficult to grasp items like formants and pitch, allow fast understanding. And in the Help system, you can find a lot of theoretical background, as well as everything you need to know to learn to handle the program itself.
Moving view of the live input from a microphone: signal + spectrogram
Three levels: file / fragment / detail
course of spectrum, voiced spectrum, plosivity, pitch, power, formants...
Formant vector (at a moment indicated with the mouse) visible in moving 3D view
Populations of all (vowel-like) phonemes shown together, with one phoneme population highlighted
Semi automatically recording of a lexicon
An example of a page in the help system
Downloading, extracting, installation
If you can't remember this, print this page out, or keep your internet browser on this page (which is not a good idea, as installation might require that as few as possible programs are running at the same time).
By the way, the download and installation steps are pretty much according to the usual procedure.
© Copyright Natlanco nv 2001


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For Cold, Flu and Sore Throats
Editor: Yael Rosenberg, RN, B.S.H
Bronchial Cold
Mix all the ingredients together and voila! Maybe it's not the most tasty of drinks, but if it does the job, who is to argue? (A note: Please keep in mind that Bubbe did not know about raw eggs and salmonella.)
Chicken Soup - The old favorite. This old time remedy from bubbe's kitchen, the hardy chicken soup, works well in fighting the
congestion that accompanies a cold. In 1978 Mt. Sinai Medical Center in
Miami Beach published study that concurred with bubbe's remedy. Chicken
soup, the "Jewish penicillin" works.
Separate two eggs and add the whites to the hot liquid, stirring
If your grandmother, aunt, or neighbor revealed an old-fashioned remedy to you, and you would like to share it with us all, please send it to email@example.com
More of Bubbe's Remedies and Health Tips
NO ENDORSEMENTS ARE MADE BY Mazornet, Inc. and www.ZeiGezunt.com We do not investigate, represent or endorse the accuracy, legality, legitimacy, validity or reliability of any products, services, deals, coupons or other promotions or Materials, including advice, ratings, and recommendations contained on, distributed through, or linked, downloaded or accessed from the www.ZeiGezunt.com Web site.
PLEASE NOTE: Claims regarding the benefits of alternative remedies such as natural supplements and magnetic products have not been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration and have not been approved to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. The information provided here is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem. You should consult with a healthcare professional if you have or suspect you might have a health problem
Check the Zei Gezunt Bookstore
Mazor Guides: Wealth of Information and Resources
Copyright 1998-2022 MazorNet, Inc.
Other Mazornet, Inc. Websites


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Paytm Payments Bank appoints Sairee Chahal to board of directors
Paytm Payments Bank Ltd (PPB) on April 20 said it has appointed entrepreneur Sairee Chahal to its board of directors. Chahal is the founder and CEO of SHEROES — a community platform for women.
"We are delighted to have Ms Sairee Chahal on our board. She has comprehensive experience of customer service ecosystem. We will benefit from her knowledge and expertise," PPB Managing Director and CEO Satish Gupta said in a statement.
PPB, which was incorporated in August 2016, formally began its operations in 2017. Paytm Founder Vijay Shekhar Sharma holds 51% stake in PPB, while the rest is held by One97 Communications. Gupta had recently stated that PPB has 4.4 crore savings bank accounts with deposits of over ₹400 crore as well as 26 crore wallet accounts.


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A few months ago, I decided to give that online dating thing ago. I was skeptical. I had my doubts. But as a good little yogi I knew I had to put those aside and take a positive outlook. You attract what you give out, or so they say.
I settled for EHarmony after talking to various friends. I answered millions (slight exaggeration but not by much) of questions. Screamed silently at why this couldn't be some futuristic feature where they read your mind, because let's face it the questions were tedious. I know what I like Harmony should too.
I agonized over what pictures to put up, and marveled at the many hair transformations I have gone under (its a lot). Then I waited.
Then I laughed.
I know it probably doesn't sound very nice, but when a guy puts, "Must smell nice" after "Someone who works out and is fit." You have to laugh. It reminded me of that episode a couple weeks ago on the Bachelor where he demeaned those poor fools, I mean girls into working out so he could smell them. The link is below for your entertainment.
Did he want Barbie? Because pretty sure if you run five miles you are going to sweat.
Next please.
Guys who say they want a 5'10, hundred pound model, but then proceed to message you anyway. Ummm you did read the part where I said I was a legal (4'10) midget did't you?
Pictures with girls in it and you are kissing. Yes you got the moves. You got the mojo dude. But if you are still caught up on that picture of you canoodling another girl, maybe you shouldn't be on a dating site….Just saying.
Guys calling you baby. Or gorgeous. Or any endearment straight off the bat. Maybe I am being an uber bitch. But when a guy writes "Hey Babe let me introduce myself." They are on the wrong site and should go use Ashley Madison. They also probably sent out hundreds of those said messages and couldn't remember your name (note to all the guys out there…it says on my profile) and were afraid of calling you Cindy, in which case they did anyway – Did I mention it says my name on my profile?
And the second most important. Guys trying to get into your pants. As a self proclaimed macho female (Seriously I swear, I am always the guy in the relationship) while honesty is appreciated, trying to sleep with me and sexting before even meeting me in person, screams desperation. If I wanted sex I would be on Tinder. Or more probable go to my local watering hole. Girls don't want desperation. Likewise girls, guys don't want desperate.
Probably the most important (and the most annoying) are guys (and again this goes both ways with the sexes) who text, call, and stalk Facebook or Instagram 24/7. If I gave you my number it obviously means I am interested. And if I am not answering, it obviously means I am screwing someone. Kidding. It actually means I have a life, and I am modern Day Renaissance woman, who isn't needy or dependent. Gents THAT is a good thing.
I know your egos tell you, you need to be needed, but messaging eighty-seven times (true story, and why the block button is fabulous) without waiting for my response, is a huge billboard flashing: Man (Or female) with psychopathic tendencies and uber desperate.
I will run.And I will not stop to collect my two hundred bucks. Most women would run at that. So word of advice Don't Do that.
In fact Don't. Do. Any. Of. The. Above.
This has served as your public service announcement. May love just be around the corner.