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Compassionate Approaches to Mental Health – 18 Nov 2016
View and download the full day and evening programme [PDF 945kb], including workshop information, venue details and more…
Compassionate Approaches to Mental Health is a one day experiential event designed to inform, inspire and empower people living and working with mental distress.
We've gathered influential speakers who are passionate about changing the script around mental health, challenging stigma and raising expectations.
Our aim is to bring together people and families with personal experience of mental health issues, frontline staff, managers, clinicians, policymakers and Third Sector staff, to introduce and discuss a range of therapeutic approaches that move beyond a medical model.
Together we'll explore emerging themes in mental health, including:
- Compassion, mindfulness and Open Dialogue
- How to exercise our inner strength to resource ourselves and others
- Finding meaning in mental distress and psychosis
- Breakdown as opportunity for breakthrough and growth
- Enabling the shift towards a more democratic approach, that focuses on the whole person and building resilience
- Building equity and understanding between people delivering mental health services and those with lived experience
- How we form authentic relationships, learn to listen deeply, and feel safe to share our difficulties
- Creating safe healing spaces in our services and communities, for people to talk about suicidal thoughts
Compassion – towards self and others – is a skill that can be learned. Our experienced teachers will guide you in some basic practices, and share their personal stories of mental distress and recovery.
Walk away with
- Inspiration about the possibility of recovery from listening to other people's stories
- New ways to resource ourselves & others by building resilience and self compassion
- Confidence to transform difficult emotions and calm our inner critic
- Lessons in listening deeply and developing presence
- Understanding the value of finding meaning and purpose in mental health crisis
- Why compassion, trust and connection is so important for service improvement
Why should you attend?
We'll be exchanging ideas, lessons learned and best practices with thought leaders and experts by experience. All involved are already influencing change in their field. There will be pauses during the day for reflection and feedback, and your participation is valued.
What it isn't
This isn't an anti-psychiatry event, or one that proposes a right way to recovery, self management or service improvement. But – along with many other critical voices – we are calling for a radical shift in the way people understand and approach mental health issues.
Our goal is to be part of the global call for better, safer mental health services for all. We hope to do this by building bridges and growing understanding that people in crisis need more than just medicine. Feeling connected, finding meaning in crisis, and sharing tools for stability are all vital for a whole person approach.
There needs to be better funding for mental health services in all settings, and there will be opportunities during the day to share ideas for the future. Our hope is that we can all move forward together into a more collaborative, compassionate chapter. As one of our Speakers, Elisabeth Svanholmer, says:
My truth is A truth, not THE truth
I share my truth
in the hope that you will find your truth
and share it with me.
Then maybe we can get excited
about the things we have in common
but more importantly
we might learn something
from our differences.
My truth is that there is no truth
just endless possibilities
Mental health is everyone's business
Mental illness is one of the biggest challenges of our age. The Mental Health Foundation says that one in four adults and one in ten children are likely to have a mental health problem in any year, and the economic cost to the UK is estimated at an annual 70 to 100 billion pounds.
The mental health system is struggling to cope with growing demand for services, and by 2020 mental ill health related problems will be second to heart disease as the leading contributor to the global burden of disease . Despite this, public spending is focused almost entirely on crisis, with not enough funding for prevention or resilience building. It's time to look beyond the one in four statistic, and start thinking about mental distress as something that can happen to us all.
"There's 'Them' and there's 'Us'. We are well, happy and safe. They are mentally ill and dangerous. Is this really true? Or is the uncomfortable truth that there's a continuum, a scale along which we all slide back and forth during our lives. When we separate ourselves we hurt those labelled as sick, ill, even mad, but we also hurt ourselves…" Only Us Campaign
What people say
"We all experience problems with our mental health at points in our lives. What we often want most at those times is to be met with a compassionate response. Unfortunately that isn't always what happens in our mental health services. Conferences like this are badly needed to explore why that is and to inspire change so that our services become places of compassion, comfort and hope in dark times." Anne Cooke, Consultant Clinical Psychologist
Elisabeth Svanholmer
Jonny Benjamin
Dr Florian Ruths
Dr Charlie Heriot-Maitland
Dr Sue Ruben
Malcolm Stern
Neelam Khawani-Connett
Elaine Paton
Dr Tom Stockmann
Chris Salway
Nadine Denneth
Sarah Stone
|8.30 – 9.00
|Optional Early arrival and meditation
|9.00 – 9.15
|Register / Meet & Greet
|9.15 – 9.20
|Welcome and Introductions
|Sarah Stone – Director of Samaritans in Wales
|9.20 – 9.35
|Slaying our Dragons with Compassion
|Malcolm Stern
|9.35 – 10.00
|Journey of Hope and Recovery
|Johnny Benjamin
|10.00- 10.30
|Making Friends with Difficult
Mind States
|Rufus May and Elisabeth Swanholmer
|10.30 – 11.10
|Group Gatherings
|Hosted Conversations facilitated by Malcolm Stern followed by opportunity to feedback
|11.10 – 11.30
|Pause & Refresh
|11.30 – 11.45
|On being Human
|Dr Florian Ruths
|11.45 – 1.00
|Choice of Experiential Workshops
|Telling our Stories
|Malcolm Stern
|Introduction to Compassion Focused Therapy
|Dr Charlie Heriot-Maitland
|Introduction to Open Dialogue
|Chris Salway, Joanne Tudball and Tom Stockmann
|Connecting with the body's resources
|Rufus May and Elisabeth Swanholmer
|1.00- 2.00
|Eat and Enjoy
|2.00 – 2.15
|A Creative Response to Suicide
|Elaine Paton
|2.15 – 2.30
|The Science of Compassion
|Dr Charlie Heriot-Maitland
|2.30 – 3.45
|Choice of Workshops
|Telling Our Stories
|Malcolm Stern
|Introduction to Open Dialogue
|Chris Salway, Joanne Tudball and Tom Stockmann
|Connecting with the body's resources
|Rufus May and Elisabeth Swanholmer
|Introduction to Compassion Focused Therapy
|Dr Charlie Heriot-Maitland
|Introduction to Mindfulness
|Dr Florian Ruths
|3.45 – 4.05
|Pause & Refresh
|4.05 – 4.20
|Waking up to the reality of living well
|Nadine Denneth
|4.20 – 4.35
|Dr Sue Ruben
|In conversation with Malcolm Stern
|4.35 – 4.50
|Open Dialogue and Case for Compassionate Psychiatry
|Tom Stockmann, Chris Salway and Joanne Tudman
|4.50 – 5.25
|Concluding Reflections and Sharings
|Chaired by Sarah Stone
|5.25 – 5.30
|Goodbye and Thanks
|Sarah Stone – Director of Samaritans in Wales


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Sonny Rollins Trio – live in session, Zurich – March 5, 1959 – RTS, Switzerland –
Sonny Rollins Trio this week. During one of his many European tours in the 1050s, Rollins is joined by Henry Grimes on bass and Pete LaRoca on drums. It was recorded in Zurich as a studio session by Swiss Radio for later broadcast.
Without question, one of the most influential and greatest tenor sax players of all time, Sonny Rollins has become an institution and the elder statesman of Jazz. Recorded shortly before his first famous sabbatical – taking time off for two years in order to reassess his musical abilities and to re-dedicate himself to his music. It was a soul-search and was famously noted for the fact that he would practice daily for hours while on the pedestrian walkway on the Williamsburg Bridge in New York. An homage to his time spent in concentrated practice showed up on his return album, which he recorded for RCA in 1962 – aptly titled The Bridge.
Sonny Rollins' career has spanned several decades and has been part of the revolution in Jazz, which took shape in the post-World War 2 years. But it was his post-sabbatical period which found him at his most adventurous. He went on another sabbatical in 1969. This time it was a journey to Jamaica which eventually led him to India where he studied Eastern Philosophy and Yoga – and emerged with a whole new perspective on his work, which critics hailed as "his whirlwind period".
Needless to say, Sonny Rollins' career hasn't sat on its previous laurels – something about embracing the challenge and the need to stay curious has become one of the reasons for his wide influence and lasting quality.
This session from 1959 offers only one aspect of a truly wide-ranging career. If you aren't familiar with the work of Sonny Rollins, it's imperative you dig through his catalog, by starting just about anywhere and work your way through. It is rich and profound – thankfully, he's still with us – and his influence and journey continues.

subset: commoncrawl


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Faithful Nursery Babies Clipart
These adorable religious nursery wordart images look fabulous on cookies, stickers, cards, in scrapbooks, party invitations, planners, sublimation projects, teacher worksheets, and decor! You will get 6 Digital Clip Art images in high resolution PNG format (they come as a ZIP file that you can download instantly once payment has cleared).
The images you get in this set are:
• "for this child we have prayed"
• "be strong in the Lord, little man"
• "yes, Jesus loves me"
• "she confidently trust the Lord to take care of her"
• "before you were born I set you apart"
• "you are chosen, holy, and dearly loved"
Due to the electronic nature of the product, and its ability to be reproduced, refunds art not offered. Please note that NO custom changes (color changes, design changes, etc.) are included. Please read Terms of Use before you make a purchase. By purchasing and/or downloading this item, you agree to abide by the terms. Absolutely NO digitizing is allowed at this time.
original design by © Melissa Bastow


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4MINUTE shows off "Crazy" updated look in anticipated comeback MV and mini-album
4MINUTE is back and better than ever! The girls show off an amazing updated look unlike anything fans have seen in the group's previous promotions with their 6th mini-album and title track, "Crazy."
Released on February 9th at noon KST, 4MINUTE goes crazy in their new hip-hop dance track, a bass and trap sound mixed in to create a powerful song. The music video is completely monotone in black and white, but only goes further to highlight the members' powerful presence and charisma. Dancing to a hip and intense choreography, 4MINUTE was aided by choreographers Parris Goebel & Kiel Tutin, who is known to have worked with American pop star Jennifer Lopez.
The remaining tracks on the group's mini-album, including their second title and ballad track "Cold Rain," shares 4MINUTE's unique personality in each songs, making this album undoubtedly the girl group's most powerful and best yet.
Listen to 4MINUTE's 6th mini-album preview!


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Palos Verdes Real Estate Sales Palos Verdes Drive North Neighborhood 2017
2017 Palos Verdes homes sales for the Palos Verdes Drive North neighborhood decreased to 65 single family homes sold compared to 68 in 2016. Price per square foot for Palos Verdes Drive North houses that sold in the first half of 2017 decreased to $598 from $600 in 2016, a -0.3% decrease. Average sale price for Palos Verdes Drive North homes sold in 2017 was $1,690,207 compared to $1,624,693 in 2016. The most expensive home sold for $2,990,000 and the lowest priced home sold for $920,000.
Currently, Palos Verdes Drive North has 6 active Palos Verdes homes for sale. There are 5 single family homes ranging in price from $1,099,000 for a 3 bedroom/2 bath, 1,656 square foot home, to $3,695,000 for a 4 bedroom/5 bath, 3,588 square foot home. There is 1 condo/townhome for sale for $720,000 and is a 2 bedroom/3 bath, 1,727 square foot townhome.
For background and history on Palos Verdes Drive North Listing Area 165, please click here to read my prior article on this neighborhood.
To view current Palos Verdes real estate statistics for the entire Peninsula, please click here or on the "Statistics" tab above.
Photo courtesy of the City of Rolling Hills Estates.


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Copper Pipe is used in plumbing for over half a century now. This is because copper has good resistance against chemical and mechanical corrosion. The corrosion resistance is superior to most steel materials and copper can last longer. The downside of copper is that it cannot take acidic corrosions. On the other hand, copper reduces the weight and the secondary processing involved in other materials. The copper pipe parts are ductile and are malleable. So the material could be easily formed into different shapes and used as per requirements. The copper pipe has very low embrittlement risk. Meaning, when deformed into different shapes, the metal does not crack or break.
This capacity allows plumbing with copper an easy task. Often times, copper could be used without other types of connectors because of the malleability. There are different grades and standards of copper pipes. Among the four major types, the M and L are mostly used with water lining. Where plumbing has to be so precise or is done in a high end and high cost environment, the copper seamless pipe is preferred because it could bring an aesthetic look and precision to the application. Even in precise applications, the wall thickness is important. The L type has higher wall thickness and is recommended for high pressure plumbing needs. But where the wall thickness can be reduced, the M type is preferred because it is cost efficient. Due the lesser wall thickness, the type M copper pipe price is much lower than the L type.


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Raphael Oni with Agency News
Minister of Foreign Affairs Geoffrey Onyeama says with Nigeria's Ambassador Bankole Adeoye as the African Union's Commissioner for Political Affairs, Peace and Security, the fight against terror in the ECOWAS sub-region will be strengthened.
Onyeama said in an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria in Abuja that he was optimistic that the Nigerian ambassador, who the Authority of ECOWAS Heads of State and Government has endorsed, would win the election to the AU position coming up on February 6 and 7.
He said: "Nigeria has a lot to benefit because we can leverage more easily on the African Union to also support our fight against terrorism in West Africa, including Nigeria.
"And to support more coherently the multinational Joint Task Force of which Nigeria is a leading member, a coalition of countries against Boko Haram.
"So the very concrete benefit is that we would now be able to have greater cohesion between what the African Union is doing on peace and security and what ECOWAS and Nigeria is doing.
"And I think that is something that is not as strong as it should be now."
Onyeama described Adeoye's candidacy as a unique development given the fact that the ECOWAS leaders "have thrown all their weight behind him and endorsed him as ECOWAS' candidate.
"It has been very good, a unique situation there because all the ECOWAS countries had candidates, most of them very good candidates.
"And at the level of the Presidents of all those countries they agreed to withdraw all their candidates and just present Nigeria almost as a sub-regional candidate for the position of political Affairs, Peace and Security.
"Now, one of the main reasons being for West Africa, Peace and Security is number one priority and they also feel that Nigeria as a country has the wherewithal to take advantage of that position as commissioner, to make a difference for not just West Africa but for Africa.
"So that is very very good and the voting is today and tomorrow.
"So we are hopeful because the other sub-regions, Northern Africa, Eastern Africa, and Southern Africa also have candidates.
"So we still have to battle.
"But the fact that we have the whole of West Africa behind us gives us a very good chance of securing this position."
Adeoye is Nigeria's former member to the African and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.
He was Ambassador to Ethiopia and Djibouti between 2017 to 2020.


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Two other recent experiences have helped me put this in perspective. Yesterday in my digital history grad class we were talking about machine learning and data mining. Some of the students wondered whether we would let available tools and techniques guide research questions, basically agreeing with a concern raised by Dan Cohen earlier in the week. I was reminded of Maslow's remark that "If you only have a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail." (The Psychology of Science: A Reconaissance, New York 1966). One of the ways that historians often differ from more theory-driven social scientists is by commitments to holism, nuanced messiness and complexity. Exceptions don't prove the rule; they show that rules are always impoverished.
I've also been reading Fred Turner's new book From Counterculture to Cyberculture (Chicago 2006). Talking about the emergence of an interdisciplinary group of scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs he draws on ideas from Peter Gallison ('trading zone') and Geoffrey Bowker ('legitimacy exchange'):
Legitimacy exchange helped transform cybernetics from a relatively local contact language suited to the particular needs of scientists in wartime Cambridge into a discourse commonly used for coordinating work across multiple research projects and multiple professional communities. As Bowker suggests, cybernetics facilitated not only the interlinking of research, development, and production activities, but also the development of new interpersonal and interinstitutional networks and, with them, the exchange and generation of a networked form of power. To the extent that members of two or several disciplines could succeed in creating a relatively closed system of interlegitimation, they could make it extraordinarily difficult for nonexperts (i.e., noncyberneticians) to challenge their individual agendas. They could and did stake claims for research funding, material resources, and popular attention. Working together, in pairs and networks, each acquired a legitimacy that none could have had alone without the exchange of legitimacy afforded by cybernetic rhetoric (pp. 25-26).
Gallison's ethnographic metaphor of a trading zone leaves room for the very different understandings that humanities scholars and intelligence analysts will bring to their encounter. In Image and Logic he writes "Anthropologists are familiar with different cultures encountering one another through trade, even when the significance of the objects traded--and of the trade itself--may be utterly different for the two sides. And with the anthropologists, it is crucial to note that nothing in the notion of trade presupposes some universal notion of a neutral currency. Quite the opposite, much of the interest of the category of trade is that things can be coordinated (what goes with what) without reference to some external gauge" (p. 803). So much better to enter the trading zone than to wait and form a cargo cult.
Tags: digital history


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Everyone knows that maple syrup is great on pancakes and waffles of all kinds, but not everyone knows that the right maple syrup is a great addition to all kinds of recipes. From sweet desserts to savory dinners, maple syrup can make your recipe unforgettable. Want to learn more about how to make these recipes yourself? We have dozens of recipes for you to explore. Check back frequently to see what's new - or subscribe to our newsletter below!
Maple Balsamic Glaze
This sweet and tangy glaze is quick, simple and delicious! Try it on pork chops, but also pairs well with chicken or rib...Read More
Maple Cinnamon Granola
Try this granola with greek yogurt and a splash of maple syrup for a delicious and hearty breakfast, or a healthy late n...Read More
Maple No-Bake Cookies
These Gooey Maple Cookies will disappear as fast as you make them!Read More
Maple Pecan Squares
In early spring, the warm days and cold nights get the sap flowing in our maple trees. This recipe is a crowd pleaser...Read More
Mini Maple Pancakes
These tiny pancakes are topped with crispy bacon and taste like cinnamon rolls!Read More
Sweet Potato Casserole
This Old Fashioned Sweet Potato casserole is full of Mapley goodness and is topped with a crunchy pecan streusel. It is ...Read More


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We now offer physical therapy with Paul Jaques of Precision Physical Therapy. He is a licensed Doctor of Physical Therapy, board certified orthopedic clinical specialist, certified strength and conditioning specialist, Chiseled Spirit CrossFit member, and husband of coach Kari Jaques.
What is physical therapy?
Physical therapy uses a combination of hands-on treatment (manual therapy), carefully selected exercise (therapeutic exercise), and occasionally other modalities (electrical stimulation, cupping, etc.) to help reduce pain, and restore function and performance.
Advantages of Precision Physical Therapy, LLC
1 on 1 personalized care: – Careful attention to detail; your injury history, current symptoms, and your goals.
Thorough examinations allowing for precise treatments to address the cause of the problem, not just the symptoms.
Knowledgeable and experienced management of fitness and athletic-related injuries – learning about your injury is key for a speedy recovery and prevention of recurrence.
Fair and affordable pricing – especially for those with high deductibles insurance plans. Traditional insurance-based care physical therapy charges are $200-250 per session, but Precision Physical Therapy rates are between $50-100 per session.
|Session Type
|Standard Insurance-based Rate
|Precision PT Introductory Rates
|New Patient Exam
|$50(low complexity) $100(high complexity)
|45min of treatment
|Example 6 session course
|Exam: $200 – 4 sessions at $200: $800 – Total: $1000
|Exam: $75 – 4 sessions at $75: $300 – Total: $375
Additional fitness/wellness services include:
Movement analysis: Using slow motion video analysis, we carefully examine and breakdown movements/exercises (overhead squat, snatch, clean, etc.) to determine if significant technique flaws or mobility deficits exist. This allows for the precise prescription of exercises or stretches to help correct these problems.
Body work: Stretching, soft tissue mobilization applied manually (like massage), via percussion-vibration instrument, or cupping to help reduce muscle soreness and improve flexibility.


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iTunes Remote 4+
- Free
iTunes Remote is the best way to control Apple Music, iTunes or the Apple TV app from anywhere in your home. Simply download the app to your iPhone or iPad, and connect directly to Apple Music, iTunes or the Apple TV app on your Mac or PC.
With iTunes Remote, you can:
•Access your Apple Music, Apple TV or iTunes libraries
•Browse music by artist, albums and songs
•Browse movies, TV shows and podcasts
•Create and edit playlists
•See upcoming songs with Up Next
•Search your entire Apple Music, Apple TV or iTunes libraries
•Explore shared Apple Music, Apple TV or iTunes libraries
•Listen with AirPlay
•Send music to AirPlay speakers
•Group speakers together to play music in multiple rooms at the same time
•Set the volume on each speaker independently
•iPhone, iPad or iPod touch with iOS 11.4 or later
•Wi-Fi connection to Apple TV, Apple Music or iTunes on a Mac or PC
•macOS 10.15.2 or higher for Apple Music and the Apple TV app
•iTunes 12.8 or later is recommended for use with iTunes Remote
What's New
Version 4.5.1
⁃ Support for the Apple Music and Apple TV apps in macOS Catalina
⁃ Support for Dark Mode with iOS 13 and later
Ratings and Reviews
Remote control your windows laptop. 😎
What can I say other than how convenient to not have to sit at your laptop enjoying iTunes (at least all the time). If you wanted to have a rest or a lay down, you can now choose what music you want to play whilst being away from the laptop using your iPhone as a remote like you would do a remote for the tele. About the only thing it can't do is turn your laptop off and shut it down, nor the switch at the wall. 😜.. a great addition to the ever expanding arsenal of apps and tech.
Gets worse each release
As the app is bugging me for a review, here goes.
Every time they mess with this, it gets worse. Now it seems to be unable to play most of my albums in the correct order - it even lists them on the screen with the track numbers in the WRONG order.
The sidebar of artists gets out-of-whack with the right hand pane showing the albums, so tap on one artist and get the preceding artists albums. Great. Bet you couldn't have found that in QA.
Then there's the Up Next which you tap on top right, it appears and then mysteriously a few seconds later it sometimes jumps to the top left of the screen (iPad version). What's that about?
Still no return of the star-rating capability that was stripped out because, eh, who knows...MVP no doubt despite its previous existence.
No ability to access Apple Music being a subscriber - so playing an Apple Music playlist is impossible and if I want to play an album from Apple Music that isn't in my library, I need to add it in my Music iOS app, then come back to the remote app (linked to my iMac), find the newly added album and play from there to get it streaming on my Airport Express. Clunk. Clunk. Clunk.
Really Apple. Sort your QA and dev process and then maybe ask for reviews?
Couldn't live without some form of remote to my iTunes but really, if another option existed, I'd be all over it.
Great app apart from the bugs... maybe just great now?
Update: Cautiously optimistic as the option to add libraries (now 'add a media library') seems fixed in the latest update! Thank you Apple :)
This has always been a really useful app. Whether using an old Mac with iTunes or a Linux daapd server to host your library, Remote has a nice, streamlined interface and is simple to use. Unfortunately there are some glaring bugs (especially around adding libraries, which works fine on the first setup but not when choosing "Add an iTunes Library"). It would be great if Apple gave this app some tlc. Unfortunately they seem to be putting all their focus on the subscription Apple Music and abandoning those who've built up local collections of music.
App Privacy
The developer, Apple, indicated that the app's privacy practices may include handling of data as described below. For more information, see the developer's privacy policy.
Data Linked to You
The following data may be collected and linked to your identity:
- Identifiers
Privacy practices may vary based on, for example, the features you use or your age. Learn More
- Provider
- Apple Distribution International
- Size
- Category
- Entertainment
- Compatibility
- iPhone
- Requires iOS 11.4 or later.
- iPad
- Requires iPadOS 11.4 or later.
- iPod touch
- Requires iOS 11.4 or later.
- Languages
English, Arabic, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian Bokmål, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Traditional Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
- Age Rating
- 4+
- Copyright
- © 2020 Apple Inc.
- Price
- Free


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Family background
Daniel Joseph Tierney was born about 1811 in Carlow, Ireland, son of Daniel Tierney and his wife Mary nee Delougharty who died in Ireland on 21 August 1844. He married Ellen Torr at St Philips Church in Sydney on 12 July 1842. No children have been identified. Daniel Tierney died at Carlton in Victoria on 22 May 1863, aged 51. He was a Roman Catholic.
Occupation & interests
Daniel Joseph Tierney arrived in Sydney on 10 April 1842 as Surgeon Superintendent of the emigrant ship Sir Charles Napier. Captain J K Huxtable had died 12 days out fromLiverpool, leaving Tierney in authority. His fellow passengers presented him with a testimonial.
In July 1842 his name was added to the List of NSW Practitioners by the Medical Board. He set up practice in Mackie's Buildings at Market Square and also practised inWollongong. He became a qualified medical witness at inquests. From 1844 to 1851, he had his surgery at 212 Pitt Street.
In the 1850s he was practising in Bendigo, being a member of the Hospital Board and the Mechanics Institute. He moved to Warrnambool and was appointed district coroner in 1855. He was deputy registrar of births and deaths and electoral registrar for Melbourne in 1858 and registrar of marriages in 1859. He became a Member of the Victorian Legislative Council from November 1856 to January 1859. He was unseated because of inadequate property qualifications despite having property in Sandhurst, Strathfieldsaye, Warrnambool and Wangoom.
Community activity
Tierney petitioned the Mayor of Sydney in June 1844 to convene a meeting of Catholics and also to include Catholics on juries. At several public meetings, he spoke about education, about the Privilege Prosecutions, and about early closing of draperies. From 1857 to 1860, Tierney was a member of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria and the Royal Society of Victoria.
Local government service
Tierney stood for Sydney City Council in 1844 but was not successful until he was elected Councillor for Sydney City Council from 4 November 1850 to 29 March 1852.
City of Sydney Archives. Aldermen's Files; Portraits CRS 54/637
Parliament of Victoria www.parliament.vic.gov.au
Royal Society of Victoria www.sciencevictoria.org.au
Society of Australian Genealogists: AGCI index; Cemetery transcripts; Rookwood Index
State Records of NSW: Immigration records
Thomson, Kathleen & Serle, Geoffrey 1972, A biographical register of the Victorian legislature: 1859-1900, Australian National University Press, Canberra
Victorian Births, Deaths & Marriages Index


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buster _bb
- Joined
- Mar 11, 2003
- Messages
- 13
friend of mine has a samsung rp crt tv he just bought a dvd player with progressive scan. hooked up to component on both when he turns on progess scan he gets 2 pictures on screen . is this a problem with the tv or dvd player the dvd player video menu is set to yuv the tv is set to progressive any body got any ideas thanks


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Malua is a 42ft cruising yacht built by its master Harry Watson Smith. We have cruised the Pacific and am now in the Med. Currently Malua is in Greece after cruising Croatia and Italy. Spending time in the lagoon in Venice. 2010 western Italy
|Vessel Name:
|Vessel Make/Model:
|Adams 42 Bluewater
|Hailing Port:
|Bermagui NSW Australia
|Harry Watson Smith
|I have sailed all my life originally in South Africa then Australia. The Mediterranean across the Atlantic to the Caribbean and up the east coast of USA. Left USA for Panama Canal to Galapagos to Polynesia then west to Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatu on to Australia. Now sailing in Tasman and Pacific
|Home Page:


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Borghese has a new line of fast dry polishes, Borghese Rapido, available now. It's twelve shades in a new quick-dry formula, distinguished from the regular line by the gold-trimmed white caps. The shades are:
Anemone. A medium fuchsia with blue-purple flash. Slight shimmer.
Chroma. Super shiny silver foil, very dense pigmented formula.
Limoncello. This is a new shade, re-using the name from last summer's collection. One of three colors with recycled names, confusing, I know! This year's Limoncello is much better than last year's shade. This is a glowing, gilded lemon lime shade. Very, very yellowy green, metallic finish with hints of orange shimmer, marginally streaky. This is my favorite shade in the collection and it gets extra points for not being sheer like the last Limoncello.
Lira. Gold foil. Yellow toned. Not as dense and pigmented as Chroma.
Maraschino. Not to be confused with the previous year's Maraschino, which was a lovely bright cherry-coral. Maraschino 2011 is more of a plain hot pink creme. Not particularly bright or bold, pretty much an 'average' pink.
Marino. A dusty medium blue creme. I know it looks bright and clean here, but it does have a softer, dustier finish in real life. Really very pretty.
Menta. Menta 2010 was a ridiculously sheer turquoise- a five+ coater. Menta 2011 is much improved. This Menta is a creamy mint chocolate chip ice cream green with some very subtle blue shimmer. It's still sheer, but this is three coats and, though it could use a fourth, is mostly opaque.
Mochaccino. This is one of those purple-brown-taupe type of shades. The base color is more on the brown side but it has some nice complimentary purple shimmer in it.
Rosso. Bright red creme.
Siena. This looks like a very pretty color- a rich, sparkly light brown with little hints of gold sparkle. And it is a pretty color... It's the formula that's ugly. This is inexplicably sheer and watery- none of the other shades are like this. What you're seeing on my nails is six unruly, watery coats. Six coats and it's still a bit see-through when the light hits it. I like the color of it but I can't recommend it due to the nightmarish formula.
Vigneto. Nice deep purple shimmer with a bit of a red and gold sparkly shimmer running through it. Not really unique, but a good shade of purple regardless.
Violetta. Pale lavender frost.
The formula on these was varied. Some were perfect (Maraschino, Rosso, Chroma, Marino), others were watery (Menta, Siena, Mochaccino, Vigneto). The rest were just average. I can't say I was a fan of the formula or the application of most of these- some were so sheer and watery that it made application very difficult and messy. I'm also not a fan of the brush in these. It's too stiff and thick and doesn't conform to the shape of the nail. That, combined with the sheerness of some of the shades, makes it apply thickly at the edge of the nail and sheer in the center. I've never had a problem with Borghese's double-brush thing before, but this version is too stiff. The formula claims to dry in 60 seconds, but that's really not the case. The dry time was actually very slow on some shades but average on others (the ones with the best formula were also the ones that dried quickest.)
Overall... Well, I'm not moved by the color selection or the formula. My favorites (in order of preference) are Limoncello, Marino, Menta, Chroma and Mochaccino. None of the colors are ugly, but they're not unique and are easily dupe-able. The formula on some was not what I hoped and anticipated it would be based on my previous experiences with Borghese polish and I didn't find the fast dry claims to be true. I much prefer the regular Borghese line's formula and brushes over the Rapido line. One thing I do really like is the pretty bottle. I like the vintage looking shape of it, looks very cute.
These are available at Ulta and are $8.00 each.
(These were sent to me for review.)
Monday, July 18, 2011
Borghese Rapido Fast Dry Nail Lacquer Collection for Summer 2011
Borghese has a new line of fast dry polishes, Borghese Rapido, available now. It's twelve shades in a new quick-dry formula, distinguished from the regular line by the gold-trimmed white caps. The shades are:
10 comments:
Chroma is definitely for me. :o)ReplyDelete
This is generally a meh collection for me. I think I like Mentha best but at 3, possibly 4 coats, I think I'll pass.ReplyDelete
I think the Vigneto is my favorite :)ReplyDelete
They're pretty but I will hesitate due to the subpar formula. Thanks for reviewing them so I can save my money!ReplyDelete
I like Marino and Menta the best but I'm not in love. Stinks that the formula isn't good. If these are fast dry, do the other Borghese nail polishes take even longer to dry?ReplyDelete
Some of these are really nice!ReplyDelete
I love Limoncello, Menta and Siena.. shame about the formula issues, though.ReplyDelete
Limoncello is a really strange polish. The more I look the more I like!ReplyDelete
I like Menta and Sienna. I like this collection.ReplyDelete
Agreed with the frustrating formula on Siena, so it wasn't just a bad bottle. When I wear it, I wear two coats of Siena over one coat of SH Insta-Dri Mochachino. They make a great layering combo.ReplyDelete
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First of all, let's get this straight right away – the prospect of Social Financing is tremendously appealing and promising. The fact that private capital can be deployed for servicing public good – and earning a sizable profit at the same time, is enough to garner widespread attention and so it has in the recent years. But this model is successfully applied towards Student loan consolidation and refinancing if done correctly.
Before going into that debate, a clear and concise definition of Social Finance is in order.
What Is Social Financing?
Simply put, Social Financing is the deployment of private capital, sometimes in combination with
is the current Social Financing scenario versus student loan consolidation and refinancing?
To date, government institutions have been the mainstay of the Social Finance market but lately, there has been an increased flux of various foundations, social impact investment funds and mainstream investment houses. Currently, the government via programs such as Direct Loans allows students to combine or consolidate multiple federal
The private lenders
The Benefits
Founder of SocialFinance, a student loan refinancing startup, Mike Cagney says that the greater interest a student is already paying on his/her original loan, the greater his/her savings can come out to be. This is because those borrowers who have already taken up high-interest federal loans such as the PLUS loans can save considerably higher by choosing the private social financing model instead of the government one. For this to happen though, a student must be able to show a strong financial background – an ideal candidate would be a young, affluent student who has just graduated from a school with low loan default rate.
Another important benefit of deploying Social Finance for student loan refinancing is the option to reduce the payment term to 5 years or extend up to 15 years or more. By doing so, students get to pay lower monthly installments while at the same time the lower interest rates mean the amount repaid in total doesn't increase by much.
Meanwhile, companies such as SoFi or SocialFinance have moved a step ahead in the student loan refinancing by incorporating unique ways that benefit both the company and the borrowers. They are allowing entrepreneurs a six-month deferment on their loan repayment while they are busy pursuing a new business venture. SoFi has also launched an "Unemployment Protection" program that helps borrowers who are financially struggling or became unemployed after graduating, by finding them new jobs.
For Student Loan Consolidation And Refinancing
Through social financing, the borrowers are happy because they are getting to pay an interest rate lower than that of their original federal loans, while the lenders win as they are able to make more money than their usual bank accounts. Even the government has been so far accommodating on the Social Financing model as it allows it to utilize private capital for solving pressing social needs. For the government, Social Finance acts as a new source of government revenue without having to up the taxation norms.
On the other hand, for the banks, it merely means a chance to showcase themselves as the "good guys who are out to do some good" in the aftermath of the financial crisis of a over a decade ago. While for the charities, Social Financing offers a possibility of a sustainable fund stream instead of the regular and endless cycles of fund-raising and spending. Remarkably and truly a win-win situation for everyone!


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You know, this doesn't really do much for me in the chocolate department. I mostly get rooibos from it. Not even really great rooibos. I've tried steeping it for many different lengths of time, and the spices of the chai don't even come through very strongly. There might be a faint sort of gingery tang, but I'm really trying to perceive this. Mostly I'd say the flavoring is quite weak.
Pausing to sip and think some more ****
Maybe a touch of sweetness in addition to the rooibos? But I'm definitely trying to taste it. Maybe this tea has gotten a bit stale, but I wasn't very impressed with it when I first opened the tin either.
Flavors: Chocolate


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At the baby stage parenting sometimes seems like an endless round of dirty nappies, sleepless nights and not much else. Later on, tantruming toddlers can't be left alone for a second. Even when your children are older, you worry about their progress at school and their fall outs with friends. If none of this sounds like a barrel of laughs don't despair, because parenting is also about having fun as a family – and lots of it. Here's how busy mums and dads can free their silly sides.
Don't sweat it
One way to ensure you won't be a fun parent is to worry about not being a fun parent. It's impossible to be playful all the time, so don't beat yourself up when work or chores take priority. "Having fun with your children doesn't mean you have to spend all day doing activities – in the real world we all have household jobs and work to do and that's fine and nothing to feel guilty about," says Liat Hughes Joshi, author of New Old-Fashioned Parenting. "This is about the quality of time you spend with your children not just the quantity."
Set time aside
With that in mind, set time aside for family fun. It doesn't have to be long, but it should be exclusive. An hour can be plenty as long as it isn't interrupted by phone calls or washing-up. This should be time purely set aside for play. "Sometimes an hour of undivided attention is worth more – and appreciated more by your children – than three hours when you're not quite with them and are checking your emails intermittently or thinking about something else," says Liat.
Get on their level
Young children love to see grown-ups get down to their level. Literally. So if they're playing on the floor, get down on the floor. If they're throwing themselves around on the bed, get bouncing! Whatever the activity, the important thing is to join in, rather than standing on the side lines like a supervisor. "It's your full attention and engagement alongside your children which makes the difference - being in goal for the kick about football, putting your all into a game of Snakes And Ladders or making playdough animals," says parenting expert Dr Claire Halsey, author of Baby Play For Everyday and Ask A Parenting Expert.
Get on the level of your children mentally too. That means keeping it simple and making it silly (at least some of the time). Dance, sing, snuggle up with a DVD, play hide and seek, make potato prints… the options are endless but the main thing is to leave inhibitions behind. "Children's definition of fun, and our own as parents, may differ but if underneath it all there is a sense of playfulness and a willingness to get involved, join in and not be embarrassed about it, you're bound to be a fun parent," says Dr Halsey.
Think of yourself
Of course, fun parenting is not always easy. Wrestling with a three-year-old might be the last thing you want to do after a day at work or a sleep-deprived night. But you'll find it far easier to be a fun parent if you regularly take time for yourself, says Dr Halsey. "Remember to recharge your batteries too. Make sure you take time out for yourself such as catching up with friends, keeping a sport or hobby going and having one-to-one time with your partner. These will boost your well-being and mean you'll be refreshed to parent with patience and playfulness."
Keep it cool
You'd be pretty hard-pushed to embarrass a six-year-old, but that is categorically not the case for his 12-year-old sister. In other words, older children still want you to play with them, but perhaps more privately or sensitively. "Know where to draw the line with older children – sometimes you can try too hard to be the 'fun parent' with pre-teens and teens and it backfires," says Liat.
"Just look out for cues that you're actually embarrassing them and be particularly careful and aware that in front of their friends even something you and they normally find funny, might be seen as 'uncool'."


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Luxury cottages for New Year's
Theres something ever-so theatrical about yeartide celebrations; as in fairytales of old, everything changes when the clock strikes twelve. Everything but the resplendence of these luxury cottages for New Year's.
What are you doing New Year's Eve? In grand country homes and secluded sleeps-twos around the nation, hedonists are made merry on magnums of Champagne while sentimentalists gush over the passage of time. And little ones, once adamant to partake in the festivities, snatch forty winks in the arms of snoozing aunties, determined to be at the centre of it all come midnight. Meanwhile, peaceful celebrations are had in romantic cottages, where canape-scoffing dogs are none the wiser to resolutions, and couples share bewitching hour kisses in the hot tub. This is New Year's Eve en-luxe.
Whether you have your heart set on a rambunctious party with a big group of friends and family, or a place to escape for midwinter woolgathering while the rest of the world is all abuzz, we have little and large luxury cottages for New Years that come complete with everything from heated indoor pools to cinema rooms. From slumberous gatherings spent counting down the moments til bedtime to glittering affairs where doe-eyed grandparents waltz under crystal chandeliers, Hogmanay celebrations are as unique as the folk who make them. New year, same them - just the way its supposed to be.
Little Eden
Loch Lomond, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
Perched on the quiet eastern shores of Loch Lomond and with glorious mountain views, this private and romantic self-catering cottage is perfectly romantic and wildly gorgeous.
Sleeps: Up to 4 guests
Alternative Group Option: Up to 2 guests
Pets: Two well-behaved dogs are welcome
Features: Two fire pits and secluded bay on Loch Lomond, perfect for launching kayaks and SUPs
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Last week was "la fête nationale du Québec" – St-Jean-Baptise Day (Quebec's national holiday), celebrated on June 24th.
It's the day when all Quebec-ers, especially those of French Canadian origin, let their hair down and party!!
You can read about its origins here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Holiday_(Quebec)
My husband is French Canadian so we celebrated at our home with about 25 of our closest family and friends and it was great fun and very tasty! Well…I certainly wasn't going into this half-heartedly. I wanted to make something different and memorable so among my appetizers, I served home-made, cocktail-sized Jamaican patties. They were so good and so darn cute!
You may be thinking…St-Jean…Jamaican patties? That doesn't seem right. Well I say to that, "Vive le Quebec" and "vive sa belle diversité!!!" 😉 Quebec's diversity and European flare is what makes it one of the best places to live and what makes it stand out from the rest of Canada. Quebec has that, 'je ne sais quoi"
These patties are just mini meat pies after all. Pie dough & minced meat but with a dash of curry powder. The addition of curry is really what makes it Jamaican. Oh yeah, and its not shaped like pie or cooked in a pie dish. WHATEVER! It's a summer event so I thought it a perfect little canapé, adding a little tropical flair.
FYI – They are not heavy with curry flavor. On the contrary, you can hardly notice it. Its just right for those unfortunate non-curry people. 😉 Kinda' reminds me of lipton soup mix actually.
I discovered the recipe in my latest BBQ-ing bible. It is the "Rob Rainford's Born to Grill" cookbook which I picked up at Costco. There are so many great grilling tips, delicious sides and appetizers.
The patty dough is easier to make than regular pie dough so don't worry if you're not an expert. Also, in the original recipe the patties are meant to be grilled but for convenience, I baked mine.
Freezing the Jamaican
These patties are also perfect to make ahead and freeze. Once assembled & still raw, skip the egg wash & freeze them in a single layer. (on a cookie sheet or carefully in large ziplocks, insuring that they are not touching because they may fuse together.)
You can also freeze them cooked and reheat from frozen at 450 degrees until warmed through. This is what I did and they turned out perfectly.
Makes about 20 cocktail-sized patties.
Patty dough
2 Cups of all-purpose flour
1/2 tsp of yellow curry powder (preferably Jamaican)
1/4 tsp of Kosher salt
1/4 cup of cold unsalted butter cut into small cubes
1/4 cup of cold vegetable shortening also cut into small cubes
1/3 cup of ice water (Dont have ice? No problem , place a measuring cup with 1/3 water in the freezer for 15 mins or until really cold.)
2 tbsp of Olive oil
1 onion, grated or finely minced
8oz or 250g of ground beef
8oz or 250g of ground veal
1tsp of Curry powder
1tsp of chopped fresh thyme
1tsp of Kosher salt
1tsp of ground black pepper
1/2 cup of beef broth
1/3 cup of bread crumbs
3 egg yolks, lightly beaten
The Rainford Method (it's actually the Stephanie method because I baked mine)
Preheat oven to 400 to 425F. Prep baking sheets by covering them with parchment paper Obviously, I do this so that they don't stick but I also avoid using any sort of oils or fat.
Patty dough:
Blend the flour with the curry powder and salt until well combined.
Add the butter , shortening and water.
Blend by hand or in a food processor (pulsing on and off) until dough is crumbly and pea-sized. Do not overmix. (There needs to be some butter and shortening still in-tact)
Shape dough into a ball and then a thick disk, working quickly.
Wrap with plastic wrap and place in the fridge for 1 to 2 hours or until firm.
Heat the oil in a large skillet over medium-high.
Add the onion and cook for about 5 minutes until tender but NOT browned.
Add the ground meat curry powder, thyme, salt and pepper. Cook for 5 minutes until meat is browned.
Stir in the broth and breadcrumbs and cook until mixture resembles a thick paste. Let cool.
Roll the dough out to a 3mm or 1/8th of an inch thickness and cut into 3 inch (8cm) rounds.
Place an equal amount of mixture into the center of each dough round. (I used about a tsp of mixture for each but you will gauge it when trying to seal the first couple of patties)
Brush beaten egg yolk over half of the exposed dough.
Fold the dough over to enclose the filling and pinch edges to seal. I used the end of a fork to create a little design but don't press very hard.
Brush the tops of the now closed patties with more egg wash.
Bake until golden and dough is cooked through. About 15 to 18 mins.
Check them constantly.
Always test before serving. You will always have rejects you can eat…You know, where you overstuffed a few and the filling has escaped its enclosure…or just plain didn't turn out so pretty.
These are a lot of fun! Serve with your favorite Sangria.


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Our Amelia Heel is a classic lace up shoe from Lulu Hun. She's a gorgeous piece that could lend herself to multiple styles, with chunky heel and almond toe both in black PU, with a coloured stripe running along the edge. Amelia is mainly cream, with matching black shoe laces fastening at the front. Pair yours with our wide leg trousers for a 40s workwear look.
Approximate heel height: inches.
Fabric: Upper: PU. Inner: PU. Sole: Rubber


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Melbourne : Wicket-keeping great Ian Healy says he is "losing respect" for Indian captain Virat Kohli for his constant sledging of the Australians in the ongoing second cricket Test but other former Aussie players see it differently.
Healy said Kohli disrespected Australia and the Indian captain should tone down his trademark on-field aggression. He also said that Kohli's confrontational attitude is putting pressure on his teammates.
Former Australian player Simon Katich, however, offered a totally different assessment. He felt neither side crossed the line while the tension was understandable considering the magnitude of the series between the two top-ranked Test sides.
Kohli was on a sledging spree on day two of the second Test in Bangalore. After frequent exchanges between Kohli and Steven Smith, the India skipper tried to unnerve opener Matt Renshaw by reminding him of the "toilet break" he took in the Pune Test.
"The pressure is starting to tell on (Kohli). I'm losing respect for him. He's got to be a lot more respectful of his opponents. The stuff he did with Steve Smith was unacceptable," the 119-Test veteran Healy told Melbourne radio station SEN.
Healy felt Kohli's actions was putting unwanted pressure on his own players.
"I've said in the past, he (Kohli) is the best batsman I've ever seen. His feistiness and real aggression towards the opposition has been good (in the past), especially when he was not captain. It would lead his team with him. They're more timid than they look and they let on, the Indian cricketers.
"So Kohli's aggression was good for them. But I think it's not good for them anymore. He's really putting some pressure on (his players). You can read pressure all over Ravi Ashwin's face. I think there are massive cracks showing in (Kohli)," said Healy.
Katich, however, said that both Kohli and his counterpart Steve Smith handled a tense situation of a vital Test with aplomb.
"I thought both of them handled it extremely well. You could tell there was a lot of emotion out there, India were desperate for wickets. They know Steve Smith is a huge wicket," Katich said on ABC's Grandstand at Stumps podcast.
"I think Steve Smith handled it well too, he had a bit of a laugh. He took the mickey out of Ishant, Ishant took the mickey out of him. The umpires handled it well.
"All in all, the captains both deserve a lot of credit because that could have easily gotten out of hand. It could have gotten out of hand but it didn't courtesy of the two captains."


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Kitchen Island Trends
Kitchen islands have transitioned into a "prominent feature in renovated kitchens" according to Houzz in the most recent 2020 Houzz Kitchen Trends Study. Large and loaded with upgrades, the kitchen island has become a style element as well as a functioning element of kitchen design. By choosing different finishes such as cabinet door styles, countertops […]Read More


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The Origins of Reasonable Doubt
by James Q. Whitman
Yale University Press, 288 pages, $40
The life of a culture is reflected by"and, in turn, reflects"its laws. The history of law, no less than political or intellectual history, is an essential ingredient of historical self-understanding. At least since the publication of Mirjan Damaska's Faces of Justice and State Authority twenty years ago, the contrast between the Anglo-American common-law tradition and the continental system that evolved in Western Europe has become an important template for understanding the differences between Britain and the United States, on the one hand, and France and Germany, on the other.
James Q. Whitman of Yale Law School has contributed two highly original books to this literature. In Harsh Justice (2003), his subject is the severity of American punishment, which is greater than that found in France and Germany. Whitman ascribes the difference to America's democratic heritage. In aristocratic Europe, upper-class prisoners enjoyed privileges customary to their status. With modernity, this leniency was extended downward to the inferior classes as well. America disdained special treatment for those better off. Consequently, it became a point of civic rectitude to punish equally and rigorously, or at least to try.
Whitman's thesis in his new book, The Origins of Reasonable Doubt , is that the familiar Anglo-American concept of reasonable doubt is the outgrowth of medieval and early-modern theological problems that were solved differently by English common law and its continental counterparts. Moreover, the idea of reasonable doubt is, in his opinion, ill suited to the modern jury system.
According to Whitman, in the Middle Ages, the application of justice was impeded by fear on the part of judges that questionable punishment would leave them fully responsible for the wrongful outcome: The blood would be on their hands, as if they had shed it themselves. Sometimes they also feared revenge by the family of the criminal. For that matter, there was also an anxiety over divine retribution that contributed to a reluctance to punish. The early-modern doctrine of reasonable doubt is an attempt to provide moral comfort for judge or jury through the assurance that establishing guilt beyond reasonable doubt is sufficient to quiet these qualms.
Whitman's thesis depends on the important presupposition that, in many cases, the judge was well informed about the guilt of the accused. He distinguishes sharply between the traditional rural society, where most people had fairly reliable knowledge of their neighbors, and modern urban society, where such knowledge cannot be assumed. In the modern courtroom, the truth is not known"the purpose of the trial is to uncover it. In the medieval world, fact-finding was not the primary purpose of adjudication. The goal, rather, was that of judging others and entering the verdict.
Anxiety about punishment would be alleviated if the judge could appeal to some indicator of guilt other than his own judgment. The criminal's confession was the queen of evidence. Because it shifted responsibility for punishment from judge to criminal, the common law accepted confessions even when uncorroborated by other means of fact-finding.
Absent confession, other means were required, the most prominent of which was the ordeal. Mistakenly, according to Whitman, current opinion tends to follow the legal historian John Langbein in thinking of the ordeal as a kind of oracle, a not-very-reliable way of ascertaining truth in a world that lacked scientific methods. In fact, Whitman urges, the facts were often not in doubt; the ordeal was instead a way of obtaining certification for communal convictions about the defendant's guilt. Contrary to modern assumptions, the ordeal did not usually lead to the conviction of innocent defendants; rather, it often helped acquit the insouciant guilty. Its primary use was to encourage the criminal to confess.
The Fourth Lateran Council, in 1215, prohibited priestly blessing of the ordeal because ordeals tempted God, requiring him to intervene in the natural order, and also entangled clergy in judgments of blood. As the ordeal slowly vanished"more rapidly in England than on the Continent"judges were faced with the problem of what to do with a criminal whose guilt was generally believed but against whom witnesses were reluctant to testify and for whose punishment judges were loath to be held spiritually accountable.
Eventually, as Whitman puts it, continental law replaced the voice of God with the voice of the bureaucracy, the inquisitorial fact-finding policy of the civil law, where success of the process depended on inducing witnesses to testify and the accused to confess (including judicial torture). England's tradition of common law replaced vox Dei with vox populi , the system in which the responsibility for rendering the verdict was transferred directly from the judge to a jury of the accused's peers.
Whitman goes on to trace the vicissitudes of jury trial under various English regimes. It is a story of gradual relaxation of governmental coercion on juries to convict against their conscience, accompanied by an overall liberalization of punishment. Thus juries were less tormented by moral anxiety about the verdicts they handed down. According to Whitman, this tendency was interrupted by the American Revolution, which, by preventing transportation to America as a resolution, raised the stakes in criminal trials. It was this last crisis that precipitated the mature formulation of the reasonable-doubt standard as one on which juries could, without disturbing their moral comfort, condemn a criminal.
Whitman's argument in The Origins of Reasonable Doubt relies on detailed research, but what makes the book fascinating is that its historical thesis goes beyond the facts to produce a bold imaginative reconstruction of intellectual causes and effects. For the nonspecialist, this theorizing about how legal approaches must have, or might have, evolved is both the most interesting and the most accessible aspect of the work.
At some points, Whitman's explanation of details is not especially plausible. He connects the requirement of unanimity in common law with the jury's need for validation, for instance, while continental tribunals are satisfied with a supermajority. But that can't be the case, as Judge Posner objected in his review of the book for the New Republic , since unanimity makes each juror fully responsible for the result. It is for moral comfort that one member of a firing squad is equipped with blanks so that each one may imagine that it was not his shot that killed the criminal.
In his discussion of the medieval theology of ordeal, Whitman does not refer to the unique biblical source for the institution. This is the ceremony of the bitter water described in Numbers 5. The situation is one in which the wife, having been warned against being alone with a particular man, is witnessed with that man. The question to be resolved by drinking the water is whether she has committed adultery. If she has, the water will cause various physical symptoms; if not, she is vindicated. This example substantiates Whitman's hypothesis about the function of the ordeal, insofar as substantial suspicion has already been established through independent testimony, and the ordeal is more likely than not to dissipate the suspicion and restore the marriage.
Whitman's medieval jurists were not likely to know about postbiblical Jewish law. Yet the psychological assumptions so essential to his reconstruction would benefit from the comparison. Talmudic law encourages confession before execution, a practice that would give comfort to the community"even while Talmudic law totally disallows self-incriminating testimony. In general, the bar of evidence in blood cases is extraordinarily, almost impossibly high, permitting disqualification for minor discrepancies. Judges who have handed down a capital verdict in the face of these restrictions are required to fast. The death penalty requires more than a simple majority but less than a supermajority. This is explicitly justified as a bias in favor of leniency. Here we have a religious juridical system sensitive to the questions raised by Whitman but dealing with them in significantly different ways.
The medieval developments traced by Whitman are also contemporaneous with a little-investigated tendency of rabbis, particularly in France and Germany, to recuse themselves from judgment, claiming inability to reach a verdict. This phenomenon may reflect Jewish powerlessness; it may also represent an interesting parallel to the religious trepidations among Christian judges.
Examining Whitman's conclusion that the standard of reasonable doubt is outmoded in contemporary law, I would distinguish two lines of thought. First, Whitman suggests that reasonable doubt emerged from theological concerns that are no longer pertinent today; we are not worried about the responsibility of judges and witnesses but about the rights of defendants. Even if we leave aside the survival into the twenty-first century of numerous religious individuals, this commits a version of the genetic fallacy: The fact that an institution evolved in one setting does not mean that it cannot serve a purpose in a different setting. As Posner argues, reasonable doubt, whatever its origins, functions to tilt the scales in criminal trials to the side of leniency. Moreover, if Whitman is right and we have moved to a procedure of justice whose primary aim is exhausted by the discovery of facts, this would be an argument for scrapping the jury system entirely in favor of investigative work"rather than an argument against reasonable doubt.
Whitman is also troubled by an epistemological problem. When exactly is a doubt reasonable? In the original context of the doctrine, judges and juries were anxious because even an unconvincing irrational doubt could cause them to fear for the safety of their souls. The standard of reasonable doubt assured them that such doubts could be dismissed.
In today's secular context (where, Whitman believes, such anxieties are not integral to the legal-justice system), jury members told to consider whether they are plagued by reasonable doubt about the defendant's guilt are liable to be confounded by the instruction. For that matter, the judge whose job it is to explain the rule cannot make sense of it either. In effect, according to Whitman, the jury is required to employ a standard its members simply cannot understand.
To the extent that this point is valid, it has implications for areas outside the law. Whitman cites, in passing, intriguing scholarship on early-modern doubt that should give pause to philosophers who discuss the idea of doubt independent of its historical context in law and religion and science, as if Descartes and company operated in a social and intellectual vacuum.
A supporter of the legal status quo might say that the standard of reasonable doubt may succeed in forcing the jury to hesitate before it convicts, even though the jury is puzzled by the meaning of the doctrine. Nonetheless, there is reason to fear that such a rule would often be applied inconsistently and even arbitrarily. The desire for uniform verdicts would militate for a formula less deficient in lucidity.
Whatever one concludes about the historical theses championed by Whitman and their contemporary relevance, this exciting volume demonstrates beyond a reasonable doubt that the history of law is too important and too interesting to remain the exclusive province of specialists in the field.
Shalom Carmy is chair of Bible and Jewish Philosophy at Yeshiva College and editor of Tradition, the theological journal of the Rabbinical Council of America.
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Growing Watermelon.
Another famed Rocky Ford crop, our watermelons have their own celebration. Watermelon Day has been enjoyed by thousands, perhaps millions, for over a century. The growing conditions here are perfect. Great soil, hot dry days, cool nights and good water for well timed irrigation. Crimson Sweet, All Sweet and Jubilee are extremely popular. Desert King, known for drought tolerance and sweet juicy, yellow flesh, has a following of its' own. This year we will be adding new varieties from our seed crops, so keep checking back.
The only preparation required for a good watermelon is a sharp knife and possibly a sprinkle of salt. However, they do brighten up a fruit salad with color and flavor. Pureed pulp can be frozen for use in fruit smoothies throughout the winter months.
Watermelons need a long, warm season to mature, at least 80 to 90 days. They thrive in loamy, well drained, fertile soil. When soil temperatures reach 60º, sow our watermelon seeds, 1″ deep, in hills 2′ apart with 4′ to 6′ between rows. Plant 2 or 3 seeds to each hill and thin to one plant after the first set of true leaves develops. Keep soil evenly moist while germinating and sprouting. Once established watermelons require 1″ of water per week, although some farms reduce water to develop sugar closer to harvest. Water by hand or with drip irrigation as overhead sprinkling can cause powdery mildew.
Do not press on melons to see if they are ripe. The tendril (curly cue) closest to the fruit on the vine will dry and turn brown when ripe. Harvest watermelon in the evening and load in the morning when cool.
Good companion crops are corn, sunflowers, morning glory and okra. A bad companion crop is potatoes.
Watermelon – Dixie Queen$2.60 – $42.40
Watermelon – Moon And Stars$2.60 – $73.50
Watermelon – Tendergold Orange/Yellow$2.60 – $33.40
Watermelon – Premont Seedless Hybrid$9.20 – $185.60
Watermelon – Sangria$9.20 – $186.00
Watermelon – Yellow Shipper (Daisy)$2.60 – $22.30
Watermelon – Lamar Seedless$10.75 – $361.80
Watermelon – Sugar Baby$2.60 – $28.90
Watermelon – Jubilee$2.60 – $27.70
Watermelon – Jubilee II$2.60
Watermelon – Crimson Sweet$2.60 – $26.40
Watermelon – Legacy$2.60 – $53.40
Watermelon – Charleston Grey #133$2.60 – $28.90
Watermelon – Dixie Lee
Watermelon – Black Diamond$2.60 – $28.90
Watermelon – Allsweet$2.60 – $37.60


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Classic Sweatshirt
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The Case over Baconsfield Park
By Stephanie Barron, Jessica Carrier, Chad Moore, William Sanders, and Andrew Smith
In 1894, Augustus Octavius Bacon was elected to the United States Senate by the General Assembly of Georgia. Bacon, a Confederate veteran, moved to Macon in 1866 to practice law. He owned a large plantation on the northeastern side of the Ocmulgee River, and he donated 100 acres of that land to help found the Masonic Orphanage and another parcel became the Alexander III Elementary School. When Senator Bacon died in 1914, he bequeathed the remaining 75 acres to the city of Macon for "the use, benefit, and enjoyment of the white women and children of the city of Macon to be by them forever used and enjoyed as a park and pleasure ground." As stated in Bacon's will, the park area was formed and would be known as "Baconsfield," with the City of Macon named as a trustee of the park, and placed on a Board of Managers who sought to oversee the trust of the park (Jones).
Senator Bacon, like most nineteenth-century white southerners, was a segregationist. He agreed with the 'separate but equal' point of view. Taken from Senator Bacon's will: "I am not influenced by any unkindness of feeling or want of consideration for the Negroes, or any colored people, but I am of the opinion that in their social relations, the two races should be separate and that they should not have pleasure or recreation grounds to be used or enjoyed together and in common" (Jones).
Baconsfield Park opened in1920, and it was large, lush, beautiful landscape used for recreation. The park included 75 acres of land between the northeast side of the Ocmulgee River and North Avenue. The park contained various athletic facilities including basketball, baseball, football, volleyball, and tennis courts. The baseball diamonds were also used by the Little League teams of the area. There were playgrounds with swing sets, seesaws, monkey-bars, merry-go-rounds, and slides that were used by the school and orphanage that Bacon founded on the land. The park also had numerous flowers and trees, including roses, tulips, daffodils, magnolias, and many foreign varieties of plant life. There was a bamboo thicket, a wading pool, and a water fountain. Baconsfield Park was also home to a Women's Clubhouse which served as the meeting place for several social groups in the area. It was a two-story, light gray brick building located at the corner of North Avenue and Nottingham Dr, off what is today known as Gray Highway. The park was enjoyed by the white community in the Macon area for several decades, as Bacon had intended in his will, but as talk of racial integration grew, the park's whites-only policy became controversial (Bertrand).
The Baconsfield dispute, which would eventually be argued before the U. S. Supreme Court, was not the first case between property rights and enforcement of civil rights legislation. The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v Ferguson established the constitutionality of segregation in 1896, and most facilities, institutions, and neighborhoods in the South were segregated. Macon was no different from the rest of the South.
The precedent for the Baconsfield case was established in the case of Shelley v. Kraemer. On October 9th, 1945, Louis and Fern Kraemer brought a suit against J.D. and Ethel Shelley in a dispute over property that was deemed white-only in a private homeowner's agreement. The Kraemer's and some of their neighbors had enacted a voluntary restrictive covenant over their own land which stated that the land would not be sold to anyone of black or Asian descent. However, only two out of the nine households within the area had signed the covenant, and some of the land had been owned by blacks previously. The Shelley's suit requested that the property in question, being upheld by the restrictive covenant, be placed back into the hands of the original owners. The Circuit Courts of Missouri ruled in favor of Shelley, while an appeal to the State Supreme Court led to a decisive reversal of the decision.
Much of the popularity and success of the case seems to have been dependent on the campaigning done on behalf of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The campaign drew much attention from the legal realm as well as an endorsing statement from the U.S. Justice Department, while the opposition only managed to procure one article in a circulated law review.
The Supreme Court, upon hearing the case, made a decision that would drastically part restrictive covenants from legal relevance. The idea behind the decision was that, while such covenants were not in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment themselves, they did not allow for state action to be involved in their execution. The decision ruled in favor of the Shelley's, which made clear the Supreme Court's attitude on state action in the wake of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Senator Bacon bequeathed the park to the City of Macon, but it was to be run by a Board of Trustees, which the City of Macon was a part of. The park was segregated until 1963, when the park started to allow blacks into Baconsfield (Bertrand 152). Some members of the board, including Charles E. Newton, did not like the idea of an integrated park. They wanted to return the park to its original purpose, as set forth in Senator Bacon's will. On May 4, 1963, these members brought their case to the Bibb Superior Court and appealed to remove the City of Macon as a trustee of the park. If they could remove the City from the board, they planned to appoint new trustees, such as Guyton G. Abney, in order to re-segregate of the park. On May 20, the City of Macon submitted an answer to a petition that was filed by Attorney Buckner F. Melton. The answer stated that the City of Macon "cannot legally enforce the racial segregation of [Baconsfield]" (Gorham). It also asked that the court decide what the obligations of the trust fell to the City of Macon, with regards to Senator Bacon's will. Reverend E. S. Newton and other African Americans opposed the desires of the board to return the park to use by whites only. These people "filed an intervention in the cause and asserted that the racial restriction violated the public policy of the United States and the laws of the State of Georgia" (Bertrand 153). They claimed that under the Fourteenth Amendment, the Board of Trustees could not operate the park publicly in a way that was racially discriminative. Following this controversy with Newton and other African Americans about Baconsfield, on March 4, 1964 the City of Macon decided to resign from the Board of Trustees for the park. The next day, the African Americans who "yesterday filed a legal brief with Bibb Superior Court Judge Oscar L. Long, contesting the right of the city of Macon to be dismissed as trustee of the facility" (Baconsfield). They claimed that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited the City from resigning (Bertrand 154). However on May 4, the court accepted the city's resignation from the Board of Trustees. After this decision, the Negroes appealed their case to the Supreme Court of Georgia. They claimed that when Macon resigned as a trustee they violated the terms of the trust, as stipulated by Bacon's will.
This court case, Evans v Newton, would have tremendous impact upon the city of Macon, especially the grassroots Civil Rights movement. The U. S. Supreme Court ruled in 1966 that the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment applied to the park because it was a public space maintained with public funds.
Three years later, the case would return to the Supreme Court. The Supreme case of Evans v Abney was brought before the Supreme Court over a dispute over whether or not Negros should be allowed to enter Baconsfield Park in Macon, Georgia, not because the space was public but because Senator Bacon's will specified that the park be used by whites only.
The NAACP lawyers, who supported Evans' side of the case, presented a case to the Court where they painted a picture of a property that would be like a wilderness that could be run without the investment of the city of Macon's monetary and/or workforce. The lawyers cited different times in the city's history where either the city of Macon, or the United States government through the city itself, had improved upon the park as part of the trust agreement in Bacon's will. Not only did the city improve upon the park but they also paid Senator Bacon's surviving daughter a total of $44,000 over a span of her life so that the city could have greater access to the park for the enjoyment of the public. Since the park was under the financial and physical support of the city of Macon, it also had to abide by the Fourteenth Amendment. Under the Fourteenth Amendment, any racial segregation of public functions was not allowed, which would violate one of the major limitations of the will.
The lawyers stated that there are two different options that the Court could take. One option would be that the trust should revert back to the heirs of the estate, like previous Courts have ruled, or the other option was that the Court could rule to use Georgia law that provides for the carrying out of a testament's dominant purpose with some provisions to remove the limitation that prevents Negros in the park. If the Court were to choose to uphold the current rulings and return the trust to the heirs of the estate, then the Court would be setting a precedent that would be very dangerous, as well as detrimental to the public, the NAACP lawyers argued. Not only would the City of Macon lose the money and man hours that it has invested into the park, but it would also lose a beautiful park that had been used by the public for the past fifty years. The case might be somewhat different if the park had not been in service for so long, but taking away a park that had been enjoyed for so long, just for the fact that Negros must be allowed in, would bring shame upon Macon.
If the Court were to overturn the previous ruling, then they would not only be doing what was considered 'just', but also following the precedent set by predating cases. The lawyers argued that Senator Bacon never intended for the land to be anything but a park, as was made clear by the will. As this is a piece of property, they argued, it has no degradation with use, so that there will be no loss of enjoyment for the white people should Negros be allowed in. They outlined a few reasons why the park should be allowed to stay open with Negros using it, such as the fact that the City of Macon was a trustee of the park, so the park would be able to fall under city codes which could then overthrow the limitations in the will as being invalid. Another argument was that the trustees could use a Georgia law that allows for some varying of provisions within a will if the provisions are no longer able to be used.
In response to the case that was brought by the NAACP, the defense lawyers for Abney's case used the state precedent. They began their case with a defense of a previous Georgia Supreme Court ruling by arguing to the Supreme Court that the City of Macon did not own the park nor had any real claim to ownership of the park, so the park did not fall into city codes. The sum of $40,000 that was paid by the city was in response to bonds that been bought by Senator Bacon in the latter part of his life and were used to help gain early access to the property, while Bacon's surviving daughter was still alive.
The lawyers also showed that the money used for park renovation had come from the park itself. The park had money generating properties that helped to provide funds for the improvement and maintenance of the park. Part of the park had been ceded to an interstate highway, and the money that was given for the acquisition of that land had also been invested into the trust of the park. Once they had shown all of the different sources of income, the lawyers continued to show that the City of Macon had invested no more than fifty percent of the improvement costs for the park, so the argument that the city had sway over the park was invalid. One of the other major sources of contention concerned the pool and the clubhouse that were built on the property. The pool was said to be built in the money-making section of the trust land so that investment by the city had no sway into the ownership of the land. As for the club house, there was no record of the Board of Managers ever approving the creation of the club house by the federal government and thus was done illegally.
Abney's lawyers argued that the City of Macon never had control or ownership of the park because Senator Bacon expressly set up a Board of Managers to run the trust and, through it, the park. The will laid out that all things that happened to the park must be approved by the Board.
The last part of the defense's strategy was to defend the notion that there were actually two separate intentions when Senator Bacon set up the trust. The lawyers for Evans argued that Senator Bacon wanted the property to be a park, and that the limitation set on it that Negros were not allowed in the park was a separate intention entirely, and shouldn't be compared. The defense argued that this interpretation was ungrounded. They said that it was a park that was meant to be for only white people and that fact was inseparable from that of the land being used as a park. With the idea that there wasn't a dual nature in the will, then it could be stated that the trust had defaulted when it could not serve its purpose and thus it must return to the heirs of the estate. This is the same conclusion that the previous Supreme Court ruling came to as well. The lawyers further said that because that was the case, it was really an issue of state-trust law instead of national anti-discrimination laws, and that the state law would take precedent within the state of Georgia. In their closing comments, the defense lawyers reminded the Court that because the property had not left Bacon's ownership, that no person's rights would be denied by being denied access to private property.
The Supreme Court ruled 5 votes in favor of Abney and 2 in favor of Evans. They upheld the previous rulings that the trust be given back to the heirs of the estate. This continued the precedent that anyone could be denied access to someone's private property. That precedence would be used in other cases to support segregation. (Evans v Abney) [audio transcript]
With the return of the park to Bacon's heirs, the possibility of the park turning into an industrial development became a real concern. By 1971, just one year after the close of Abney v Evans, the park had become unkempt and overgrown, and people began to worry about the future of the park. One woman in particular, Ginger Birdsey, did not want to lose the park for herself, her two sons, or the future generations of Maconites. Birdsey, Faye Popper, Miriam Glover and Libby Johnson arranged a meeting with two of the trustees that represented the heirs of Bacon, Guyton Abney and Sewell Elliot. When the ladies asked the trustees if they could somehow purchase the park in order to preserve it as a park, the men responded that they had an asking price of two million dollars. The ladies, along with their husbands, decided to form Save Old Baconsfield, Inc. in June 1971 (Richardson).
The organization, at its inception, wanted to show that public support for the preservation of the park still existed through extensive use of newspaper ads, articles, and petitions. They thought that if government officials understood that supporting the park would be positive for them politically, they would be more willing to support the movement. Encouragement and support came from all over the Middle Georgia area, not just from Macon. On August 4, 1971, fifty-five incorporators, some of whom were previously associated with the Baconsfield cases, were listed in a large ad in the Macon Telegraph. Ginger Birdsey mailed 2,500 petitions to local citizens and 4,200 signatures were returned. Organizations such as the Macon-Bibb County Beautification Commission, the Macon-Bibb County Recreation Commission, the Girl Scouts Council, the Forest Hill Garden Club, and the Macon Secretaries Club all supported the effort. A letter to the editor from a Mr. & Mrs. Spain Willingham expressed a common sentiment held among supporters: "[If] people get the kind of government that they deserve, [and] if we allow all our trees, grass and flowers to be replaced by concrete, steel and glass, we deserve the bad effect this will have on the environment, and on the souls and bodies of this and future generations" (Richardson 100). Other letters reminisced about the writers' childhoods in the park. Others who wanted to keep the park beautiful wrote about what the park had meant to them when they were younger. Losing the park would mean that Macon was one step closer to becoming a large industrial city which the majority did not want (Richardson).
With the popular support obtained, Save Old Baconsfield Inc., particularly Ralph Birdsey, searched for ways they could finance the buying of the park. Initially, Birdsey found that the Nature Conservancy would be willing to provide funding if there was a "reasonable chance" that the city would repurchase the land (Richardson 101). Birdsey also found two ways that the federal government could finance the park. One was the Land and Water Conservation Fund, which would provide matching funds up to fifty percent, and the other was the Legacy of Arks program, which would provide matching funds up to seventy-five percent. The problem soon changed from having no venues to obtain money to having no one to ask for them. Federal grants had to be requested by the local government and Save Old Baconsfield had yet to win Macon's support. Although Mayor Ronnie Thompson had initially seemed to have a slightly positive view towards Save Old Baconsfield, he soon changed his mind after learning that Bacon's heirs had no intentions of selling the property as a public park (Richardson).
Unknown to Birdsey and other members of Save Old Baconsfield, a sales contract was created in November of 1971 between J. Marvin Elliot, E. Raymond Smith and attorney Charles F. Adams. Even when word leaked of this contract on December 17th in the Macon Telegraph, Save Old Baconsfield did not quit and still attempted to obtain federal grants to finance the park. On January 11, 1972, Birdsey and others went to the Mayor and Macon City Council to ask that a special study committee be formed to find all possible means that the park could be reacquired by the city. Mayor Thompson said that he would personally appoint the committee, but by January 25th, the council had still not been made. Since a sales contract already existed between the owners of the property and the businessmen, and the owners refused to sell the land as a park, the city was advised to "abandon all interest in the park" by the City Attorney, Lawton Miller (Richardson 105). During the January 25th meeting, the representatives of the heirs reiterated that they would not sell the property as a park and that the only way the city would obtain the park was through condemnation, which they planned to fight. Condemnation is a legal method that could be used by the government to take private property and use it for a public service. At this point it appeared that there was no hope for the Save Old Baconsfield movement to continue (Richardson).
However, a separate group of Bacon's heirs said that they were willing to sell the land as a park, if it could stay segregated. They intended to honor Senator Bacon's will, and they requested $200,000 in legal fees to have the park returned to them. After hearing this, the committee that Birdsey requested of the city council was formed to investigate whether the park could be kept by the city. After learning that the Nature Conservancy would not provide funding for the preservation of the park, Birdsey turned to James Nabritt of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, who responded that he would not "lift a finger" to help the cause after Evans v Abney (Richardson 106). The movement came to a halt on March 21, 1972, when City Council voted 12-2 to abandon the Baconsfield Park preservation effort because they would have to condemn it and enter into litigation, which they had decided not to pursue when they resigned as trustees (Richardson).
Although Save Old Baconsfield appealed to Planning and Zoning, the park was lost forever. Despite Bacon's segregationist views, there are a few clues that hint that he would not have wanted the eventual outcome. His lack of a reverting clause in his will shows that he did not want the property to revert back to his heirs, which is exactly what happened. His diaries show that although he opposed Reconstruction policies, he did not harbor any hatred towards the North. As far as his view on blacks, "he thought Negroes should be protected, and he condemned those who would exploit them; but he did not favor giving the Negro full political rights" (Richardson). Bacon's primary purposes in creating the park were to create a beautiful open space and to keep his family name since his two sons died. As a man with deep connections to his family, it is doubtful that Bacon would rather have lost the park entirely than have it be desegregated. However, since Bacon is not alive to answer these questions, they will continue to be debated. No matter Bacon's wishes, Baconsfield Park was lost to Maconites forever, and the area is now a strip mall and abandoned car lot. It was a sacrifice to Jim Crow.
Works Cited
"Baconsfield Request Hit by Negroes." Macon Telegraph. 5 March 1964. Print.
Bertrand, Frederic H. "Evans v. Newton: An Uncertain Line." William and Mary Law Review 8.1 (1966): 152-54. Scholarship.law.wm.edu. William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. Web. 22 Apr. 2012.
Blocher, Joseph. "Racial Exclusion Cases" Government Property and Government Speech. William & Mary Law Review 52.5 (2011): 1469-73. GoogleScholar. Web. 11 April 2012.
Bogden, David S. "Evans v Abney: Reverting to Segregation." Maryland Law Review. 30 (1970): 226-39. GoogleScholar. Web. 11 April 2012.
EVANS v. ABNEY. The Oyez Project. IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. 09 April 2012. Web. 11 April 2012.
Gohram, Howard. "City Asks Ruling By Court On Park Trusteeship Issue." The Macon Telegraph. 21 May 1963. Print.
"High Court Hears Attack On State Bus Seating Law." Macon Telegraph 10 Oct. 1961: 1. Print.
Johnson, Whittington B. "The Vinson Court and Racial Segregation, 1946-1953." The Journal of Negro History 63.3: 222-24. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.
Jones, Frank. "Talk to Colonial Dames Meeting," May 21, 1998.
Richardson, Mary Anne Berg. The City of Macon, Georgia's Sacrifice to Jim Crow: A.O. Bacon's Gift of Baconsfield Park, 1911-1972. Richardson. Georgia College, Milledgeville, GA, 1988. Print.


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Nothing salicious, thats what. IFMA paid for trade hacks from Denmark to Italy and from Austria to the UK and beyond to get to Amsterdam and go on a bike ride and a boat trip on the Amstel.
We were then told of the IFMA organisers plans to make this once two yearly public and trade show into an annual big show for the trade only.
To go trade only was the choice of 60 percent of last years exhibitors. The concept will be on test this year and may revert back to public and trade if the test flops. 16 000 member sof the public came to the show last year on the one day it is open to all.
IFMA junkies can fill themselves up on the shelf loads of info BikeBiz brought back from Amsterdam, see following articles.
The European cycle journalists (including Carlton Reid and Peter Lumley) were treated to a choppy boat trip on the Amstel. The guy with the beard is Bernd Aufderheide, board member of KolnMesse GmbH, and the director in charge of IFMA
RIGHT: we were all presented with these snazzy cycle jerseys promoting this years IFMA. Much better than yet another t-shirt, these jerseys are pukka cycling ones, made out of wicking polyster.


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Charmed Aroma
Interlocking Black & White Pavé Heart Bracelet
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Charmed Aroma
Interlocking Black & White Pavé Heart Bracelet
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Model Collaboration Agreements Updated
Dec 082011
Caution: This post is more than a year old. Be sure to check for more up to date information.
Many of the model agreements used to govern collaborative research involving the HSC trusts have been updated. Changes include new definitions of staff, which affects indemnity arrangements, and revised anti-bribery provisions. Further information is available on the NIHR website here.
A list of the agreements is available on the Model Agreements page in the Library.