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Why People Start Horses Too Hard, Too Young
I've been a professional trainer/instructor in the horse industry in many different disciplines, including competitive dressage to the upper levels, hunter/jumpers, western pleasure and western riding, trail trials and trail/pleasure riding, for 30 years. Following are a few of my own opinions regarding starting horses too young, too hard and the negative repercussions that these horses possibly suffer at a young age, or when they are in their teens:
In my opinion, many people that are involved with horses, and this goes for hobbyists as well as professionals in the industry, are in it for themselves, not for the love, or the consideration, of the horses. When deciding when to start a young horse in mounted training, people need to be brutally honest with themselves and examine and determine what their motivation for starting a two or three-year-old horse in heavy under-saddle, mounted training is.
For some owners, the motivation is to be competitive in the reining, cutting, western pleasure or pre-green hunter futurities. Maybe it's because they want to send their Warmblood stallion to the 100 Day Testing as a three-year-old and the horse must be able to free jump, jump under saddle, perform a dressage test and gallop a distance in a certain amount of time. And then of course, there is horse racing where the horses are racing heavily as two and three-year-olds. More and more, the big money futurities for performance horses are for three-year-olds, so in order to be competitive, these horses MUST be started as two-year-olds, and sometimes even when they are long-yearlings (18-24 months old). Because of this, many of these horses end up with bowed tendons, Navicular Syndrome, bone spavins, bone chips, stifle injuries, blown-out hocks, hairline fractures, arthritis, severe back problems, sprained necks and a myriad of other problems and conditions associated with stress and strain to young, developing bodies. Many horses will end up with debilitating problems at only four or five-years-old and already receiving anti-inflammatory medications and/or painkillers on a daily basis in their feed, or in the form of injections. Some older horses, in their teens, will develop problems that can be traced directly back to being started too young and too hard. It will take 10 or so years for the stresses they experienced when younger to appear as problematic (this I learned from Dr. Robert Miller in the late-'70's).
Another motivation is the false assumption that if you don't "get to" these horses when they are very young, they will become difficult to start under saddle because they are getting bigger and stronger and also developing more "attitude" psychologically. Many people refer to how difficult horses seem to be as four-year-olds, but I haven't experienced this at all in the hundreds of horses that I've started. This may be true if the horse has NOT BEEN HANDLED AT ALL, or had barely any handling to speak of, from the time of birth until under saddle training begins. If the horse is brought in from pasture at four or five and someone tries to get them started immediately under saddle, with no ground-level training in place and no trust or understanding between horse and human in place, the horse will be understandably confused, scared and lacking trust and may "act-out", creating the illusion of being difficult because they were started late. In most of these cases, this is not the problem at all. The problem is in not receiving any, or hardly any, early ground-level training and developing mutually respectful and trusting relationships with humans from a young age. It's a fact that the younger the horse is, the easier they are to manipulate and intimidate from a psychological standpoint and also being not yet fully developed physically, they can also be "pushed-around" a little easier. However, an educated horseman does not train from a position of intimidation or strength; they instead train from a position of establishing a bond of mutual respect, trust and understanding with whatever horse they are interacting with. A wise horseman knows what each and every horse "needs" and applies the appropriate training for that individual horse. Once the correct foundation has been laid, you can start a horse at eight, ten or over 12 years old and still be completely successful with mounted training. A "true" horseman also develops a spiritual relationship with their horse and really knows and cares about how they are feeling.
Through the use of a systematic approach, technique and establishing mutual respect and trust and also establishing your "position" with the horse in your "herd-of-two", all things are possible. The age is not the huge factor in under saddle training, the previous history of training/handling, or not, and the type of relationships that the horse has had with humans previously are the critical factors to consider.
One other VERY BIG motivation for starting horses very young under saddle is the human's impatience and haste in wanting to "just get on and ride". As a species, humans do tend to be impatient and some people do want everything to happen NOW. Is this fair to the horse that is started in heavy, "serious" training at two-three years old? Absolutely not! Most parents of four or five-year-old children would not have their children participating at that young age in full-contact tackle football, or intensive gymnastic training. There would be major concern that their child could perhaps be irreparably damaged physically (and mentally) from the stresses and rigors of these activities on young bodies and minds. The problem here is that human children "look" like children, whereas many young horses "look" mature on the outside, but in reality, they still only mature structurally at the same rate as a less mature looking horse for the most part. Appearances can be very deceiving in the case of horses!
I feel the same way about horses as I would about putting a human child through rigorous activities because I truly love them (even the ones who try to act unlovable) and horses sense when a human really cares about them and will respond to that caring and love. A horse that is devoted to their human will try-their-heart-out to accomplish that which they are asked to do. It's for this reason that humans must never forget the huge honor that is given to them by a horse that loves them. I don't ever want to be the cause of a horse being rendered with physical and/or psychological problems when they are young, or when they get into their teens, because I started them too hard, too young. I always ask myself "what would I do if this horse were my human child?" By asking this question, I always get the best answer; go slow, be patient and wait until the horse is developed adequately both mentally and physically for that which I will be asking them to do. My advice for people who are contemplating buying a young horse, but they are also wanting to do "serious" riding sooner-rather-than-later, is to buy a horse that's a little older (and hopefully not started too young themselves) and spare a young horse the possible physical and mental negativity of being ridden too hard, too young.
In my opinion, there is nothing wrong with starting a horse lightly under saddle at two-three-years-old. However, when I say "start under saddle" at that age, what I mean is to already have the leading, tying and basic handling aspects in place and then accustom them to the tack and equipment, moving with the equipment in place during leading, light lunging, and perhaps ponying and ground driving if you're so inclined when they are two. Very light exercise, that's all. At three, get a rider up (someone lighter) and do a little light walking and maybe a few steps of trotting/jogging here-and-there, but no cantering/loping and absolutely no riding that will stress their joints such as jumping, rolling a horse back over their hocks, etc. If a person can force themselves to wait, then I prefer to not start a horse in mounted under-saddle training until four. Horses should not be in "serious" training in my opinion until at least four at the earliest, if not five or six-years-old. By "serious", I mean the horse is beginning to be trained for their "career" in life, such as dressage, jumping, reining, cutting, endurance riding, pleasure trail riding, etc. Of course, all of the above are just my opinions for what they're worth!
After reading what I have to say on the subject of starting young horses under saddle from a trainer's perspective, I would hope that it will cause some people to at least think long and hard before they put their horse into training, doing things that are not appropriate for their level of physical and/or mental development. After all, if we don't protect our horses, who will?
Reprinted with the kind permission of the author.


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Gustavus women's basketball player Molly Geske (Mendota Heights, Minn.) has been named to the 2012 Capital One Academic All-America Women's Basketball Second Team, as selected by the College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA). Geske, a senior guard/forward, is a public accounting major with a 3.96 GPA.
With the regular season complete and MIAC playoffs beginning for the Gusties on Thursday, Feb. 23, Geske leads the team averaging 14.0 points per game (6th/MIAC), three-point field goals made (32-91) and free throw percentage (.809, 2nd/MIAC) among players averaging at least 2.0 made per game.
In her four seasons wearing the black and gold, the Mendota Heights, Minn. native has put together an incredible career. Geske ranks in the top seven in six different Gustavus all-time statistical categories. She ranks seventh with 194 steals, sixth in both field goals made (493-1120, .440) and games played (104), fourth in free throws made (265-308, .860), and is third on the all-time list in three-point field goals made (137-357, .384). Perhaps most notably, Geske's 1,388 career points (13.3 per game) ranks fourth all-time and she would surpass Linn Erickson (1983-87) for third with 12 more points.
Molly, the daughter of Jim and Kathy Geske of Mendota Heights, garnered MIAC All-First Year Team honors in 2009, has been selected to the MIAC All-Conference Team since her sophomore year, was named captain her junior season and achieved Academic All-Conference after last year's campaign.
"There's no doubt Molly's had a great career here at Gustavus as an athlete and we knew all along that she was going to be successful here academically as well," head coach Mickey Haller said after Geske's Academic All-District recognition. "She gives everything to her studies and to her team. She spends many hours in the gym and the library so we couldn't be happier for her to get the recognition."
Coupling with her success on the hardwood is Molly's service to the community. During her first year, Geske participated in Building Bridges and was a volunteer at North Intermediate School in St. Peter during the 2010 academic year.
Geske is the lone player from the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference to be named to the All-America Team. Alongside Geske on the Second Team is Alexandra Chili (Sr., Rhodes), Kate Dellinger (Jr.,Widener), Lizzy Sunderhaus (Sr., Cedar Crest) and April Young (Sr., Ozarks). Carol Cayo of Milwaukee Engineering was named the Capital One Women's Basketball Academic All-America Team Member of the Year.
Geske and the rest of the Gustie women begin MIAC Playoffs on Thursday, Feb. 23. As the No. 2 seed, the Gusties will host the highest remaining seed out of the first round games Tuesday for a semifinal match-up on Gus Young Court two days later.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hi all,
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The Annapurna Circuit Trek is the ideal adventure for adventurers, mountain enthusiasts and anyone with an interest for nature to culture. The Annapurna Area of Nepal is one among the best known trekking zones in Nepal, after Khumbu region (Everest zone). The adventure goes anti-clockwise from Besisahar to Nayapul or vice versa clockwise, passing through its small peak known as Thorung La pass 5416 m (17,769 ft). We too march via the between of two mega mountain rising to above 8000 m. known as world's deepest Kali Gandaki gorge. You will discover 4 districts of Nepal that the trekking trail is routed from Lamjung, Manang, Mustang and Myagdi.
The land mass provides an array of eye-catching mountain peaks together with different vegetation, fauna as well as communities in the region. From the height of 800 m (2624), it goes up to 5,416 m the height of Thorung La Pass. The Annapurna Circuit Trek has actually been very popular as it was 1st allowed to outlanders in 1980. This is obviously a lengthy journey for vacation goers aiming to orbit the Annapurna massif.
Map of Annapurna Orbit Trek
Best Time to Travel to Annapurna Circuit Trek
This amazing 18 days Nepal trekking program carries on from sub-tropical to alpine stage. Autumn season (September – November) and Springtime (March – May) are the very best seasons for traveling in the Annapurna range. Coz the weather condition is pleasant and warm with excellent scene. For more details, visit weather and climate of Nepal.
How to complete Annapurna Circuit Trek
Annapurna Circuit Trekking trail passes through huge Mountains, wonderful river, and lakes, awesome villages of different ethnic clusters and marvelous sceneries. It takes almost a half month to make an orbit of Annapurna massif. We can make a round, clock wise too via Pokhara, Tadapani and so on. But, anti-clockwise is quite famous. Itinerary is given below:
1st Day: Kathmandu (1400 m (4593 ft)) – Khudi (800 m (2,624 ft)): 7 – 8 hrs.
We can begin the Annapurna round trekking from Besi Sahar that is located in Lamjung district of Nepal. It is also possible to straightly pass by bus from Kathmandu to Khudi. Today we drive to Khudi by having picturesque foothills and Trisuli River. From Khudi you can easily notice the excellent outlook of Manaslu range (8,163 m (26,781 ft)). Night time at local hotel.
2nd Day: Khudi – Sirung (2200 m (7216 ft)): 6 – 7 hrs.
Today is our 1st day of trekking. We pass by beautiful falls, suspension bridges, and dense green forest. To get closer to Sirung, we encounter an authentic Tamang cultural settlement, Taranche. We experience the close-up scenery of Manaslu, Nadi Chuli etc in Sirung. The mountains appear closer now. In home stay of Sirung, where exactly we can appreciate the cultural program arranged by the inhabitants for the guests.
3rd Day: Sirung – Jagat (1,330 m (4363 ft)): 6 – 7 hrs.
Today as we depart from Sirung to Jagat it is comparatively easy track for us. Following the Marsyangdi River, we march via wonderful landscape, waterfalls, woodlands and villages. After up and down and crossing few suspension bridge we arrive at Jagat and spend the night. Some people may choose to stay at Chamje too.
4th Day: Jagat – Dharapani (1,960 m (6,430 ft)): 7-8 hrs.
After having morning breakfast, we decent down to river and again trek upward to Taal. On the way, the views of Annapurna range from Chamje is quite remarkable. After tapping in Manang district from Taal, we pass a big bridge to Dharapani to stay in overnight.
5th Day: Dharapani – Chame (2,710 m (8,891 ft): 5 – 6 hrs.
Today, the track triggers the west in Manaslu. We do have the choice to check out few hot springs to chill out and recover from lengthy days' trek. We ascend for few hours and we reach Bagarchap, a tiny village influenced by tibetan-lifestyle. We and then get into thick forest, pass by bridges, waterfall and rise to Chame through steep stone steps. Remember that Chame is the headquarter of Manang district.
6th Day: Chame – Pisang (3,300 m (10824 ft): 5 – 6 hrs.
We keep walking on the edge of watercourse for a long time around seven hrs. Passing through narrow gorge with steep sides. In brief, we detect our-selves in U – shaped Manang Valley lies between 2 huge mountain peaks. After strolling throughout all these wonderful areas we achieve Pisang. Let us remain all night in lower Pisang.
7th Day: Pisang – Manang (3540 m (11614 ft)): 6 – 7 hrs.
There are 2 ways to Manang, now we stick to the trail that drives us to Upper Pisang by way of Geru. This trail ensures superb views of the attractive landscape along with the great mountain ranges counting Annapurna and Pisang. The trail keeps on climbing and at this point, you will experience the stormy and dry climate of the range. This is the reason that makes Manang an extraordinary place of keenness for the tourers. We will arrive at Manang where you will have the chance to visit Barge monastery, probably the biggest cloister in Manang. It takes half an hour to reach Manang from Barga. We will remain overnight at Manang.
8th Day: Rest Day at Manang:
Manang is an incredible place to utilize an acclimatization day. To be able to tackle with altitude related problem, we keep us busy today to maintain our health, with a short hike during the day, to either one Gangapurna Lake or Bhojo Gumba. Or even we can take a consult with Himalayan Rescue team about problems and take a medicine for remaining days.
9th Day: Manang – Yak Kharka (4,110 m (13,484 ft)): 3 – 4 hrs.
The journey is reduced today due to the higher elevation. The trail gradually goes down from the Manang village. The route turns to the north and goes by few nice villages since the path continues on to attain height. On the way, we can see the grazing horse and yak. And we arrive at our overnight stop at Yak Kharka, the place where we can find the good lodges nearby.
10th Day: Yak Kharka – Thorong Phedi (4,600 m (15,092 ft)): 3 – 4 hrs.
Today after taking walks for sometime we pass by a suspension bridge and get to Ledar village. Again we strive up to Thorang Phedi, it is the last community before Thorong La pass. We can easily notice the lovely Mountain View through our trek. Phedi means foot, in local language. So, it is a small village which lies in the base of Thorang la peak. Night-time in thorang-fedi.
11th Day: Thorong Phedi – Muktinath (3,800 m (12,467 ft)): 7 – 8 hrs.
We get up early in the morning and walk up to the Thorang La Pass (5416 m (17764 ft)), one amongst the highest passes on the planet. Thorang-la-pass is perhaps the topmost point to appreciate the whole Annapurna Mountain ranges. Let us have a few pics before proceeding to Muktinath, the holy spot of Hinduism and Buddhist. We can expend the nighttime in Muktinath.
12th Day: Muktinath – Marpha (2,670 m (8,760 ft): 4 – 5 hrs.
Departing from Muktinath the path will pass the world's deepest gorge, Kali Gandaki. We descend down for Kagbeni (a gateway to upper mustang trek) and to Jomsom and finally getting to Marpha. This place is well known for its apple gardens with popular Apple Brandy. Break over-night in Marpha.
Note: From Jomsom, we can take a short flight to Pokhara.
13th Day: Marpha – Kalopani (2,530 m (8,300 ft)): 5 – 6 hrs.
Today, the path now turns out through Chokhopani village where we run over typical small towns of the ethnic Thakali individuals. The trek passes apple orchards together with beautiful mountain landscapes. Some real pinnacles we can see today are Dhaulagiri, Annapurna I, Fang Tukche Peak and Nilgiris. Our trek finishes up at the town of Kalopani, the place where we are going to spend the overnight.
14th Day: Kalopani – Tatopani (1,200 m (3,937 ft): 6 – 7 hrs.
Our adventure today is for the most part downhill. As we descend, we face the subtropical woodlands, lavish with vegetation again. After crossing bridge in Ghasa, we advance toward the hot springs of Tato-pani via Rupse waterfall and Dana. Remember that, Tato means hot and Pani means water in Nepali language. At Tatopani, we pass the night and also appreciate the hot springs.
15th Day: Tatopani – Ghorepani (2,850 m (9,350 ft)): 7 – 8 hrs.
We clear up the Kali Gandaki area and then travel up, to the Ghar Khola valley. Mountain Ranges are beautiful to observe. In short, today is a little bit tough day for climb up to Ghorepani, around 50 to 60 degree incline up through with Ghara, Shikha, and Chitre. Let us pass and enjoy the views of dense rhododendron forest. We have to remain at Ghorepani and get prepare for trekking to Poon Hill for tomorrow morning.
16th Day: Ghorepani – Tadapani (2,700 m (8,860 ft)): 6 – 7 hrs.
Before the sun rays strike the mountain top, we must be at Poon Hill to appreciate the Sun rise view. So early in the morning we trek towards Poon-Hill and wait for sunrise. It is an excellent viewpoint to take pleasure from the great views of Pokhara, Mustang and other highest mountains including the close up outlook of the Annapurnas and Dhaulagiri ranges. After taking enjoyment we descend down to Ghorepani and move towards Tadapani via beautiful village and greeny forest.
17th Day: Tadapani – Pokhara (850 m (2,789 ft)): 6 – 7 hrs.
Today is our final day of Annapurna circuit trekking. From Tadapani, we take a steep descent via cultural village known as Ghandruk. Here, we appreciate the stunningly close-up towering perspectives of Annapurna South, Fishtail and Mt. Hiunchuli. We proceed with our trek to Nayapul from where we take a ride to Pokhara by vehicle. Overnight stay in Pokhara.
18th Day: Pokhara – Kathmandu (1,400 m (4,600 ft)): 5-6 hrs.
Today is our celebration day of our successful trek. Early in the morning after taking breakfast, we drive or take a flight to the Kathmandu valley and relax.
At Last, for adventurers who tend to have a shorter trek in a similar track than Annapurna round Trek – 14 Days will work best. Additionally, have Annapurna Base Camp Trek – 11 Days for trekkers wishing to achieve the base camp of Mount Annapurna.


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Last week I had a tiny bit of a hangover after meeting friends for drinks the night before. The solution? I fried up two eggs, sunnyside up, toasted some bread and squished it all together into an oily, decadent sandwich. And because I was craving something greasy and yolky, it was seriously one of the best bites I can remember having in recent memory: it totally and completely hit the spot.
What does that have to do with tea? Well a week before last, both Craig and I were sick with nasty, ugly colds. And with our sore throats, we didn't want coffee, we wanted tea. I reached into my cabinet and pulled out a gift that my friend Matthew Horovitz gave me for my birthday: tea from Mcnulty's Tea & Coffee Co. in the West Village.
He actually bought me several different kinds, but because this was late at night, we didn't want anything with caffeine, so we reached for the herbal option–a tea called Blue Eyes.
And, folks, much like that egg sandwich the morning of my hangover, this tea truly hit the spot. First of all, I've never seen a tea so beautiful–look at all the colors:
Second of all, the smell. This had a floral and fruity smell unlike any tea I've ever brewed; according to the website, it contains: Hibiscus, rosehips, cornflowers and rhubarb cream. How often do you find those ingredients in your tea?
This tea sustained us through our illness and though the tea, now, is all gone, we're both much better. Is that a coincidence? Or did the tea cure us? Either way, it's almost worth getting sick just to have some McNulty's Blue Eyes tea: I plan to stock up next time I'm in the Village for our next bad cold. I'm almost looking forward to it!


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Citrus Blackfly
Insect Summary Report
Aleurocanthas woglumi
General Information
- Citrus Blackfly has over 300 hosts, but prefers citrus.
- Adults and nymphs suck plant sap and secrete honeydew substance that promotes the growth of sooty mold on surface of leaves. The formation of mold inhibits photosynthesis. The mold residue is difficult to remove from leaves and can remain there until the leaf is shed by the tree.
Life Cycle (45-130 Days)
- Eggs… (7-10 Days) Deposited on underside of leaf in a characteristic spiral pattern. Female lays 2-3 spirals (100 eggs or more) over 10-14 day period.
- Nymphs… (20-66 Days) 3 instars. Look like tiny, dark scales. Develop short distance away from egg hatch.
- Pupa… (16-50 Days)
- Adult… Black to slate blue in appearance with a red head, 4.8-5.5 cm. Adults emerge by splitting the top case and leave a characteristic t-shaped penetration. They are weak fliers and movement is usually subject to prevailing winds. Primarily found on the undersides of leaves.
Over-wintering Strategy
No particular over-wintering strategy, but life cycle severely slowed down in cool temperatures.
Organic Control
- General Info
- Supplemental releases of Encarsia opulenta and Amitus hesperdum have proven to be effective biological controls, but takes time (4 to 13 months approx)
- Commonly Used Products
- Terramera Neem Oil
- Terramera Karanja Oil
- TerraNeem EC
- Biorepel (Garlic Oil)
- Oils: Trilogy, Tritek, Ecotec
- Soaps: Des-X
- Neemix 4.5 (Botanical)
- Mycotrol ESO (Biological)
- BoteGHA ES (Biological)
Cultural Control
- Destruction of alternative weed and crop hosts.
- Sanitation of potential over-wintering debris.
- Crop rotation (Does not apply to citrus!).
- Tillage and destruction of host crop immediately after harvest (Does not apply to citrus!).
More Images of the Citrus Blackfly
- Images by Florida Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org (eggs in spiral, adults, damage done to plant, and infestation)
- Image by Chazz Hesselein, Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Bugwood.org (multiple life stages)
- Image by Ko Ko Maung, Bugwood.org (pupae)
- http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/citrus_blackfly.htm (Life Cycle)
- Shivankar, V.J. and C.N. Rao (2004). Evaluation of biocontrol based IPM modules against Citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby and psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. In: Abstracts First Indian Horticulture Congress held at IARI, New Delhi during November 6-9, 2004, p. 303. (neem decreased egg hatchability)
- http://pdkv.mah.nic.in/research/recommendation.html (neem on blackfly nymphs)


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Diabetes: leading the fight against growing crisis
Wells was diagnosed with diabetes in his early 60s, and in 1934 he announced the formation of the Diabetic Association (now Diabetes UK) with a letter to a national newspaper.
Our first research grant was awarded the very next year: £50, the equivalent of around £3,000 in today's money. Fast-forward to 2017, and we're backing 130 research projects across the UK, worth a total of £25 million.
Radical from the beginning, the charity was open to "rich or poor, for mutual aid or assistance to promote the study, the diffusion of knowledge and the proper treatment of diabetes."
Since then, we've never shied away from the fight against diabetes; whether by influencing policy, driving improvements in care or funding pioneering research; together we've done whatever it takes to fight diabetes.
We campaigned for free access to insulin, and the creation of the National Health Service.
This year we started to campaign to make Flash Glucose Monitoring, a life-changing technology for many people with diabetes, available on the NHS. And last week, together, we made it happen.
But our vision is a world where diabetes can do no harm, and we are still far from achieving that.
Diabetes is the most devastating and fastest growing health crisis of our time.
About 4.5 million people in the UK are living with the condition, and 11.9 million are at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
There is currently no cure.
As the leading UK charity for people affected by diabetes, it's our responsibility to lead the fight against the growing crisis. And this fight is one that involves all of us – sharing knowledge and taking diabetes on together.
For more information about diabetes care and support, research and technology, go to www.diabetes.org.uk
Peter Shorrick
Midlands Regional Head
Diabetes UK


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Hidden Villa Ranch is a family owned company. Tim Luberski's father, Edward Luberski, started the family egg business in 1945 on a modest egg-laying chicken ranch in Arcadia, CA. In 1953 the family relocated their operation to the La Sierra Hills in Riverside, California. Tim was raised in a home adjacent to the ranch and learned the importance of a strong work ethic at an early age. He was stamping egg cartons at age 5, gathering eggs before age 10 and working as a swamper on a delivery truck at age 11.
Tim attended University of San Diego, where he graduated with a B.A. in French and Mathematics in 1973. In 1976, Tim earned his MBA in Finance from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Unfortunately, while Tim was attending USC, his father passed away and his family was forced to sell the ranch. To support his family, Tim began bringing eggs from Riverside County and selling them to customers in Los Angeles, using his apartment as his office.
Within a few years, Tim purchased an egg route and hired a few part-time employees, allowing him to officially cross over from production to distribution. Tim then recruited USC fraternity students, athletes, and even players from his community softball team to run a modest egg delivery business.
Tim's "little egg company that could" overcame the usual obstacles of limited cash flow and resources that so often plague start-up companies by putting every cent back into his business and working 80-hour weeks. His commitment to this formula, combined with his original company mission of "have fun, make money and do the right thing", inspired his employees and created an ideal working environment for his vendors, customers and employees. In 1983 and 1984, Tim Luberski and Hidden Villa were recognized by Inc. Magazine as one of the 500 fastest growing privately owned companies. He led the way in refrigerating trucks for deliveries and bringing shell eggs from the Midwest into California and Arizona. Expansion at Hidden Villa Ranch continued into the late 1980s, with the creation of a dairy export division. By this time, Hidden Villa had also become a major wholesaler/trader of cheeses, importing millions of pounds per year of processed cheese from Germany.
By 1984, he purchased one of his large competitors, adding supermarket customers to the foodservice customers he started with. He established relationships with several new egg producers from all over the country, tapping into their cutting-edge egg grading/processing/supply strengths and new safety innovations so he could service national as well as regional chains.
Presently, Hidden Villa Ranch operates corporate offices in Fullerton, California, with annual sales in excess of 500 million dollars for its current calendar year. Hidden Villa Ranch is regarded as one of the most innovative food companies in the nation. Our daily business is comprised of marketing, trading, wholesaling, producing, exporting and distribution. Already a dominant supplier and producer of commodity and cage-free eggs, we have become one of the largest egg distributors in the USA. We now arrange for ongoing deliveries of eggs and other products and services to customers around the globe.
Commitment To Sustainability
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© Copyright 2010 Hidden Villa Ranch


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3-in-1 Electric Food Processor Juicer Frozen Dessert Maker
This is a 3-in-1 food processor including a citrus juicer a frozen dessert maker and a slicer with 5 cone cutters. The frozurt dessert maker transforms frozen fruit into dessert in seconds for healthy and delicious treats that are fun and easy to make. With no additional fat sugar or preservatives needed you can enjoy the sweet taste of dessert without the guilt or added calories. You can also use citrus juicer to extract pure juice at home and squeeze nutritive juice for baby. Simply slide the pulp control dial left to right to choose how much pulp you want in your juice. In addition slicers includes 5 diferent interchangeable cones can be used to slice or shred vegetables fruits and cheese for delicious salads soups tacos pizzas desserts and much more dishes. With this 3-in-1 food processor you can make delicious and healthy meal If you are looking for such product don't hesitate to buy it now! With a citrus juicer to make citrus juices Can make healthy dessert without additional sugar fat or preservatives 5 blades of different shapes to serve your various needs Exclusive combination of juicer slicer and dessert maker better than any standard blender or juicer Suitable for people of all ages Compact size and simple assembly fit onto any countertop Food grade ABS and PP plastic ensuring product longevity and life health for everyday use Easy to use and clean perfect for home life Rated power/voltage is 120 W / 120 V
Specification: Material: PP ABS stainless steel Color: Black and white Item weight: 24 lbs Product dimensions: 4.5" x 3" x 11" (L x W x H) Rated voltage: 120 V Rated power: 120 W Rated frequency: 60 hz Package include: 1 x Frozen dessert maker 1 x Cutting insert holder 1 x Citrus juicer 5 x Cone blades 1 x Storage container 1 x Manual


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The film: Kony 2012 was created by Invisible Children, Inc. and released on 5 March. The purpose of the film is to promote Invisible Children's 'Stop Kony' campaign which seeks to make Ugandan war criminal, Joseph Kony, globally known to assist in his arrest. In the film the acts of Joseph Kony are explained through filmmaker Jason Russell's explanation to his son. The film also features Jacob Acaye, whose brother was killed by Kony. In the film Jason Russell promises Jacob that he will do everything possible to 'stop Kony'. The film is approximately 30 minutes and it has received over 100 million views. Following criticisms of the film, Invisible Children Inc. released a sequel video, 'Kony 2012: Beyond Famous' on 5 April. It received much less interest, with only 1.7million views in its first two weeks.
Joseph Kony: Kony is the leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). He claims to be a spokesperson of God and a spirit medium. The LRA formed over 26 years ago and according to the film, in that time it has kidnapped over 30,000 children, many of which have been subjected to appalling crimes including rape and mutilation. Initially the LRA claimed it was a resistance movement against the central Ugandan government who were viewed as privileging southern Ugandan ethnic groups at the expense of northern ethnic groups. The LRA has been classified as a Christian militant group although many commentators argue that it no longer has any ideology or political programme.
The 'Stop Kony' campaign: The purpose of the movie is to raise global awareness of Kony to assist in generating support for foreign military involvement in his capture, such as preventing the cancellation of a US advisory group mission that was deployed by President Obama to assist the Ugandan military. The film suggests that people go to the Invisible Children, Inc. website and send emails to 40 influential people, including 20 'celebrity culture makers' and 12 policymakers. The campaign also involves the 'Cover the Night' action which took place on 20 April. To raise awareness of Kony, the film advocated plastering campaign materials across cities around the world on 20 April. Invisible Children offer posters online and sell action kits that include buttons, posters, bracelets and stickers.
Responses: 'Cover the Night' was widely perceived to be a failure. Across the globe the anticipated crowds did not come out, leaving many cities 'unplastered'. The LRA purportedly released a statement that condemned the film as 'a cheap and banal panic act of mass trickery to make the unsuspecting peoples of the world complicit in the US rogue and murderous activities in central Africa'. Meanwhile, two US senators put forth a resolution on 21 March condemning Kony and backing the efforts of a combined central African military force to capture Kony. It received bipartisan support from 37 senators. On 23 March the African Union announced that it would send a brigade of 5000 troops from central African countries where Kony is believed to be active, namely Uganda, South Sudan, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This force is led by the Ugandan military and has the backing of the US. It is planned to exist until Kony is captured.
Support: Many influential and high-profile people and organisations have supported the film, including Luis Moreno Ocampo, Chief Prosecutor at the ICC; Abou Moussa, Special Representative and Head of the UN Regional Office for Central Africa; Anthony Lake, Executive Director of UNICEF; and Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. Support for the film has generally centered on the high degree of public interest that the film sparked.
Criticisms: The film received many criticisms. It was argued to be highly simplistic in that it barely mentioned that Kony and his forces, now much reduced in numbers, are no longer in Uganda. Nor did the film highlight the Ugandan military's earlier use of child soldiers during conflict with the LRA. The film's focus on the capture of one person as a solution to this conflict was also criticized. The film also did not highlight the importance of a Ugandan-led solution in ensuring the longevity of any solution. It was argued to unfairly represent Uganda, given that the country is no longer in a state of conflict. Alex de Waal also argued the campaign glorified Kony, rather than presenting him as a "common criminal and failed provincial politician". The finances of Invisible Children Inc. have also been the subject of controversy, given that they received funding from anti-gay Christian groups.


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PSC Public Health Symposium
April 21, 2017 – 1pm
300 S Craig St, Pittsburgh PA
April's PSC Symposium Series focuses on Public Health Applications. The program will include an overview of the Public Applications team with research presentations to follow.
Overview: Public Health Applications at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Shawn T. Brown, PhD., Director of Public Health Applications, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
The Public Health Applications team at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center began in 2011 to bring simulation modeling, data analytics, and large-scale computing to public health decision making. The team has projects spanning modeling vaccine delivery in low- and middle-income countries, modeling the spread of infectious diseases through healthcare ecosystems, exploring vaccination policies for prevention of influenza in the US, and creating virtual population models as virtual laboratories for childhood obesity prevention. The presentation will provide an overview of these projects with some examples of specific studies.
Talk #1: Cost-effectiveness of providing choice for influenza vaccination
Jay DePasse, Senior Software Manager, Public Health Applications, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Offering patients the choice for influenza vaccine type may increase vaccine coverage and reduce disease burden. However, offering a choice incurs higher costs both for time to discuss the options and for storage and handling of multiple vaccine types. In this study, the public health impact and cost-effectiveness (CE) of vaccine choice were calculated. We considered four strategies: No Choice, Pediatric Choice, Adult Choice, or Choice for Both Age Groups. Using agent-based modeling, we simulated individuals as they interacted with others over time and location, and tracked influenza as it spread through a synthetic metropolitan Washington DC population. With moderate influenza infectivity, the average number of cases was 1,117,285 for the No Choice, 1,083,126 for Pediatric Choice, 1,009,026 for Adult Choice, and 975,818 for Choice for Both Age Groups strategies. Averted cases increased with increased coverage and were highest for the Choice for Both Age Groups strategy; Adult Choice also reduced the number of cases in children. In CE analysis, Choice for Both Age Groups was dominant when choice increased vaccine coverage by 3.25%, 6.5% or 11.25%. Offering choice of influenza vaccines, with reasonable resultant increases in coverage, decreased influenza cases by >100,000 in one metropolitan region with a favorable CE profile. Furthermore, providing adults with vaccine choice reduced influenza in children.
Talk #2: The Economic and Operational Value of Using Drones to Transport Vaccines
Leila Haidari, MPH, Public Health Applications Manager, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries face numerous challenges in getting life-saving vaccines to the people who need them. As unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has progressed in recent years, potential use cases for UAVs have proliferated due to their ability to traverse difficult terrains, reduce labor, and replace fleets of vehicles that require costly maintenance. Our team used a HERMES-generated simulation model to assess the impact of using UAVs for routine vaccine distribution under a range of circumstances reflecting variations in geography, population, road conditions, and vaccine schedules. We also identified the UAV payload and costs necessary for such a system to be favorable over a traditional multi-tiered land transport system.
Utilizing UAVs in the baseline scenario improved vaccine availability (96% versus 94%) and produced logistics cost savings of $0.08 per dose administered as compared to the traditional land transport system. The UAVs maintained cost savings in all sensitivity analyses, ranging from $0.05 to $0.21 per dose administered. The minimum UAV payloads necessary to achieve cost savings over land transport, for the various vaccine schedules and UAV costs and lifetimes tested, were substantially smaller (up to 0.40L) than the currently assumed UAV payload of 1.5L. Similarly, the maximum UAV system costs that could achieve savings were greater than the currently assumed costs under realistic flight conditions. Implementing a UAV system could increase vaccine availability and decrease costs in a wide range of settings and circumstances if the drones are used frequently enough to overcome the capital costs of installing and maintaining the system. Our computational model showed that major drivers of costs savings from using UAVs are road speed of traditional land vehicles, the number of people needing to be vaccinated, and the distance that needs to be traveled.


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(9:40am) Today's south bound pulls thru the curve as it approaches Old Upton Road. 16 cars.
Photographed by Bruce Macdonald, June 20, 2022.Added to the photo archive by Bruce Macdonald, June 20, 2022.Railroad: Grafton & Upton.
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We carry parts for many brands, and may be able to help you fix or identify the problems with your appliance. Please REMEMBER to bring the part you are looking to replace with you, along with your model number off your machine. Unfortunately, We are unable to help you with a picture of your parts. Thanks!
We offer parts and service for……
Remember we offer reliable products and services. And the best warranties in the industry. And our employees have 40 plus years of experience in appliance service, recycling and repair.
We cater to folks that need quality service and parts.
Contact your Appliance Expert today at 253.939.9338. Visit the place for inexpensive new and used appliances!
L&L Appliance, Inc.1336 W. Main St Auburn, WA 98001 Telephone: 253.939.9338 Cell: 253-275-7196
Website Design by iLocal, Inc. Click to Learn More


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Sending Solidarity and Allyship to Indonesia
March 1, 2018 3436 0 0
This week alone has seen more worrying escalations in Indonesia.
This #IWD2018 we want to shine a light on the darkeness in #Indonesia Particularly right now as lesbians are evicted, crackdowns continue on #waria and task forces are being set-up across the country. We call on our global community to #PressForProgess keep your #EyesonIndonesia pic.twitter.com/ertPVNcE0d
— Planet Ally (@PlanetAllyApp) March 9, 2018


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Hi Everyone,
Summer is here and if you're anything like me you really want to make the most of it. However when you work all day it is often simple things like what you wore all day that are going to stop you from enjoying Summer to the full. After all who wants to go to to the lake in a suit?
Todays post is all about the perfect solution to exactly this issue. An outfit that lets you change from business to casual in seconds!
From Business to Casual in Seconds
The Business look:
I know it looks like a jumpsuit, but this little number is actually a shirt and matching trousers. The fabric is super soft and floaty so perfect for the office during Summer.
Best of all though you can scrunch the outfit up into a ball and the fabric still won't be creased. Yet because of the sleeves and slightly tailored look to the trousers it won't look out of place in the office either. Depending on your office culture you may decide to wear pumps instead of heeled sandals.
The Casual Look:
As the top is so easy to fold away into a ball, all you need to do is have a little tank top in your bag for after work and voila you already have your casual look.
Hence from business to casual in seconds.
Of course if you have room you could always take a pair of sneakers with you to change into as well. The main thing is to choose an outfit made out of flimsy fabric and then take a tank top or t-shirt with you to change into later. A simple trick anyone can do!
Outfit Details:
Top and Pants – Heine
Tank Top – Ania Schierholt
Bag – Shein
Hat – Halhuber
Shoes – G31
Sign up for the FunkyForty newsletter for regular Fashion and Lifestyle updates!
Please don't forget to click on the heart at the end of this post if you liked it – anyone can do it – you don't have to register at all.
The comment section is at the end of the post, I love reading all your comments and would love to read what you think of this collection!
Make the most of Summer!
16 Persons think this post is funky


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The Chancellor Machakos University, Dr James Mworia's address during the 4th Graduation Ceremony held on 8th November 2019.
- Posted by admin
- Posted in Other News
Addressing the 4th graduation ceremony at Machakos University, Dr James Mworia, the Chancellor of the University, said that the Machakos University Strategic Plan is premised on Sessional Paper No.1 of 2005. He reiterated that it is a policy framework that addresses Vision 2030 as a blue print which vouches for Research, Innovation and Technology and in line with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 2015. He said that Kenya's Vision 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are meant to spur development that improves social and economic conditions of the Kenyan people. He noted that Machakos University's strategic plan seeks to address the current shift to knowledge driven economy, widening political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal gaps, thus developing capacity for research and innovation.
The Chancellor stated that this 4th graduation theme; sustaining economic growth through innovation and technology correctly interprets the mind of the government. He said Machakos University 2019 graduating class was adequately prepared to join the rest of the Kenyans in fulfilling the country's aspirations.
Dr James Mworia's advice to graduands, was that anyone can succeed in any engagement undertaken. It all depends on one's mind set. He pointed out that there are innumerable opportunities and ideas which are not exhausted. He pointed out that we have more than enough opportunities, more than enough jobs and even better ideas are yet to come and what one needs to do is to be creative and innovative.
Dr James Mworia is the group CEO of Centum Investments and is lauded for helping hundreds of needy students of Machakos University through his Chancellor's Scholarship he founded from the inception of Machakos University.


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fluidiums? fluidia? regardless, fluidiAWESOME!
Deserves to be a 'featured' photo for many years I hope. Flueys flowing fantastically!
Thanks everyone for the kind comments ! I do love my Fluidiums!
Believe it or not I have several others that wouldn't fit on the mantle! 22 in all and counting . All sent to me over the years by fellow member Mark A in the UK . He's been the best ! You rock Mark!
That is the Best ! So awesome, what a mix !
Très jolie collection, et de jolies couleurs.
looks great! fluidiums are still on my wish list lol
btw if you need glass inserts for some of em, goolamp.com sells them...and no I dont work for them or anything, I Just think fluidiums dont deserve to be burned from inside.
holy moly, thats just nuts! in a good way though ;) the pink white one looks supercool!!
Thanks Modulo'70!
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Panasonic and LANG DRIVE SMPTE ST 2110 IP Transmission Standard for Broadcast Tech
LANG invests in SMPTE ST 2110 compatible broadcast technology from Panasonic Connect Europe driving the deployment of the open and flexible IP-based video transmission standard.
Wiesbaden, DE. 9th November 2023 – LANG AG, a leading service provider for professional video applications in the Europe, has announced its commitment and continued investment in market-leading SMPTE ST 2110-compatible products from Panasonic Connect Europe, increasing the deployment of the open and flexible IP-based video transmission standard.
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) created SMPTE ST 2110 - a family of open standards for the transmission of video and audio signals over IP – in a revolution for broadcast and media technology as well as the events industry. The standards define how digital media can be transmitted over an IP network, including video, audio and metadata.
Panasonic recognized the huge potential for the broadcast market and has already developed numerous SMPTE ST 2110-compatible products as part of its portfolio. Customers of LANG can rent or buy this technology for their events and productions, and benefit from new application possibilities based on standardized IP protocols and infrastructures.
"Thanks to the open and manufacturer-independent protocol family around SMPTE ST 2110 and the IPMX based on it, there are completely new possibilities for IT-based video distribution. Panasonic's broad product portfolio helps us and our customers to experience the benefits of this new technology in a wide range of applications."
New applications based on IP protocols and infrastructures
SMPTE ST 2110, and with it the migration from SDI to IP, creates an interoperable, scalable system where all signals required for production and transmission facilities can for the first time be distributed bi-directionally over a local network. The standard defines the entire transmission system, the maximum supported resolutions, and synchronization between streams via precision timing protocol. The flows of audio, video, and metadata such as subtitles, teletext and timecodes are synchronized with each other, and can be sent separately and brought back together again at the endpoint.
While SMPTE ST 2110 is gradually replacing the SDI interface in the broadcast sector, the standard is at the same time the basis for the transmission format IPMX (Internet Protocol Media Experience), which was created by the industry consortium AIMS. IPMX can work with a light compression, where JPEG-XS is used as codec. This allows images to be transmitted visually without loss and with microsecond delay. IPMX also supports HDCP-protected content, which is often used in HDMI connections.
"We believe the SMPTE ST 2110 standard will continue to play an increasing role as a core technology in the industry and will be a key element in the development of new cameras and vision mixers. Panasonic supports SMPTE ST 2110 and its full breadth of applications, from broadcast applications to compressed JPEG-XS. Panasonic not only scales the devices in the network, but also by supporting a wide range of AVoIP formats across the different application areas."
Panasonic announced a partnership with JPEG-XS technology provider IntoPIX at NAB 2023
The following Panasonic products already support SMPTE ST 2110 and are part of the LANG portfolio:
- The AW-UE160 4K PTZ camera has been on the market since spring 2023. This was the first compact PTZ camera in the industry to support SMPTE ST 2110, and in the future will support IPMX among numerous other streaming formats.
- The AK-PLV100 4K studio camera featuring a Super35 sensor will be compatible with SMPTE ST 2110 and IPMX in the near future. Bi-directional SMPTE ST 2110 transmission is possible without a CCU, therefore enabling efficient IP-based live productions using the camera head alone. SMPTE ST 2110 compatibility also allows more efficent connection to the KAIROS IT/IP platform.
- As a hybrid system, the KAIROS IT/IP platform supports established baseband signals as well as SMPTE ST 2110, providing a migration path to powerful IP-based formats. The live switching system supports far more than 100 SMPTE ST 2110 channels for highly efficient live productions.
- The AK-UCU600 Camera Base Station is also compatible with SMPTE ST 2110 with the AK-NP600 Option Board.
- The AK-HC3900 studio camera, which features heavily in the corporate sector, is also now compatible with SMPTE ST 2110 with the purchase of a firmware update.
About LANG
LANG is a European wholesaler for the rental and sale of visual presentation equipment and its peripherals. The company specializes in offering particularly high-quality products to the professional AV market. Thanks to constant research and development as well as clear market proximity, LANG is able to offer rental and purchase customers the right products from an extensive portfolio. LANG maintains close partnerships with leading manufacturers around the world. Due to their independence in the market and experienced specialists as contact persons, manufacturers and customers benefit from the intensive exchange of experience during product development, the design of projects as well as prior to purchase decisions. Services, also as an official service center for well-known manufacturers, complement the sales and round off LANG's range of services. At the beginning of 2017, LANG AG founded two independently operating companies in Switzerland and the UK, as well as in Spain in mid-2019. Together with LANG BARANDAY AG in Zurich, LANG UK in London and LANG IBERIA in Barcelona, LANG AG will serve the European market from now on.
Read more insights…
Case Study
Johannes Kepler University Linz takes hybrid teaching to a new level
For Johannes Kepler University (JKU) Linz, TrackingMaster worked alongside Panasonic and system integrator Gendo GmbH, to install a cutting-edge camera system into their lecture hall.
Panasonic Announces New Free And Advanced Auto Tracking Software For PTZ Cameras
New built-in auto tracking enables PTZ cameras to maintain framing in a variety of situations, making tracking simple and accurate.
Panasonic Connect Intros Two New IP Systems To Support Live Production Transition
New 4K/IP Camera Control Unit to Offer Robust IP Connectivity and new KAIROS addition for increased redundancy.
Panasonic Extends its Line-Up with an ST2110 Upgrade for the Entry-Level AK-HC3900 Studio Camera
One of the only manufacturers with a line-up from entry-level to high-end studio cameras, as well as the UE160 PTZ camera and KAIROS live video platform.
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About Us
Hillwood Stud was founded in 1972. The facilities have been upgraded considerably since Charlie and Tracy Vigors took over the lease in August 2005.
There are now 56 stables separated into five separate units and spread over two farms as well as 130 acres of paddocks that are well protected by trees and hedges for shelter. There is also extensive restricted and All Weather turnout available.
The stud boasts some of the finest facilities available including a 2.5 furlong railed circular all-weather gallop, two covered Claydon horse walkers and a Polytrack Lunge ring.
Bonnie Carter Brennan
Bonnie has been at Hillwood since 2008 and is the Accounts and Payroll Secretary. She previously held similar positions for Charles Egerton and Oliver Sherwood.
Masawer Alum
Alum joined Hillwood in December 2009 as a Groom having previously worked for Jamie Railton.
Josephine Saunders
Freya Francis
Michael Almond
Helen Chandler
Tracy Tillman
Lynne Thomas


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I had booked an apartment for myself for two nights in Mondello — the beach area of Palermo. This section of the city is extremely crowded and busy during the summer months, but in October and early November, it is quiet and lovely. We were staying in Mondello for two nights, before catching a plane back to Roma. Everything that I'd read about Mondello described a hip, happening beach resort full of beautiful, sun-drenched people. In the autumn, though, it becomes a laid back, seaside town, much like countless others along the coast of Italy, and Sicily in particular.As much as I was tempted, I just couldn't bring myself to try the Spaghetti shaped gelato.One of the town's most famous landmarks is the Antico Stabilimento Balineare, a bathing establishment still popular today for its location right in the middle of the beach area, and for its restaurant. No beach town would be complete without its amusement park section! While our first day there, Saturday, was sunny and bright, the second day began on a decidedly cloudy note.Even though most people were staying out of the water, these two seemed to really be enjoying themselves.
Next up: a visit to the Eternal City of Roma!
Note: this blog is written in English and Spanish, and the author takes no responsibility for the quality of any other translations which may appear.


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Compulsory Module 2: Introduction to Theoretical Computer Science (5 ECTS-Credits, 3 h)Go to the superordinate section
Prerequisites for registration: none
Learning Outcome: Graduates of this module understand the notion of computability theory and various abstract computational models as well as their differences. Furthermore, they can reduce information to its essentials and represent the information abstractly. Moreover the are capable of given formal proofs.
VO Introduction to Theoretical Computer Science (VO / 2h / 3 ECTS-AP)
Georg Moser
Georg Moser
SL Introduction to Theoretical Computer Science (SL / 1h / 2 ECTS-AP)
Martin Avanzini, Georg Moser, Jonas Helmut Schöpf
Martin Avanzini, Georg Moser, Jonas Helmut Schöpf
- There may still be changes in the courses offered as well as room allocation and course dates.
- The course descriptions found in the English version of the course catalogue are for informational purposes only. Authoritative information can be found in the "Vorlesungsverzeichnis" (German version of the course catalogue).


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Everyone agrees China is a rising power. Some people think it can rise indefinitely; some people think its rise will decelerate; and some think that its rise is illusory. But it's hard to put even the People's Republic stellar growth rates into perspective without taking a longer view.
The chart above shows the ratios of Chinese to other countries' GDP per capita. It's based on painstaking work by Angus Maddison to reconstruct long time series about output. There are reasons to think that Maddison's estimates before 1900 are a little speculative, but they are widely agreed to capture the broad picture fairly well.
Interpreting the chart is straightforward. The y-axis shows how many times richer each country or continent is than China. In 1960, for instance, the United States was about 20 times as rich per head as China, while Britain was about 15 times as rich and Japan and Russia about 8 times as rich. The chart is showing us, then, just how far behind the rest of the world China had slipped. And note that a lot of that is due to the early Communist regime; the Cultural Revolution and the Great Leap Forward are visible in the time trends as the post-World War II peaks in the ratios (since Chinese output fell dramatically as Western and Soviet output continued to rise).
Over the past 30 years, however, those ratios have plummeted. The United States and other developed countries are still much richer than China, but they are no longer vastly richer. Those falling ratios portend just how dramatic the shift in the global distribution of wealth, and of power, from the North Atlantic community will be.


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Guam Governor Felix Camacho has sent two quarter design proposals to the United States Mint. While the highly successful 50 State Quarters® Program ends this year, six new quarters will be released in 2009 honoring the District of Columbia and the five United States Territories.
Governor Camacho first sought help from the public in January with the goal of seeking ideas with themes and stories emblematic of Guam and its peoples.
59 ideas were sent in along with hundreds of other suggestions, according to the official Governor of Guam website.
Unlike the recently submitted D.C. quarter design proposals that were quickly rejected by the U.S. Mint, there has been no public rejection of Guam's.
At the time of the submission, Governor Camacho said:
"We are one step closer to circulating an image of our island throughout our country that will make us all very proud and showcase the beauty and distinctiveness of our culture. I want to thank everyone who participated in this program for representing our island and our heritage well."
The following design proposals were selected and sent to the U.S. Mint:
Guam quarter design proposal 1
The outline of the island of Guam sits in the center of the coin. To the left of the outline of Guam is the phrase, "Guåhan Tånó I Man Chamorro". On the right of the coin sits two distinct images, one on top of the other: the Latte and the Flying Proa.
Guam quarter design proposal 2
A view of East Hagåtña Bay with detail shows the majestic view of the calm of the inner reef waters and the Philippine Sea just beyond the reef. In the background, is Two Lovers Point, considered the most photographed and visited tourist site on Guam.
In the foreground, a coconut tree bending toward the left of the image. To the right of the coconut tree is the phrase, "Tånó I Man Chamorro". To the left of the coconut tree is a Flying Proa, depicted as distant from the shore and sailing majestically within the reef.
To the right of the base of the coconut tree is a latte. Detail is minimal, but the size should be 1/3 the scale of the coconut tree. The top of the latte barely touches the phrase, "Tånó I Man Chamorro". To the left of the base of the coconut tree is a break in the sand bar depicting the Hagåtña River Channel.
U.S. quarters set for release in 2009
The D.C. and U.S. Territories quarters are to be issued in 2009 at equal intervals and in the following order:
- The District of Columbia
- The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
- Guam
- American Samoa
- The United States Virgin Islands
- The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Similar to the 50 State Quarters Program design process, design proposals or "narratives" submitted by D.C. and the territories will be taken and refined. A final candidate will then be selected and eventually minted for release in 2009.


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Cuba's National Assembly passed a new draft constitution, to replace its existing Soviet-era constitution via national referendum in a few months. Many changes are in the works, including the recognition of private property and gay marriage. But will it mean real change? We discuss the constitution with Prof. Liz Dore and James Early
Story Transcript
SHARMINI PERIES: It's The Real News Network. I'm Sharmini Peries, coming to you from Baltimore.
Cuba's National Assembly unanimously approved a draft for a new Constitution last Sunday. The draft will be debated in public throughout the country, and then submitted to a vote sometime in the coming months. This is the first time that Cuba is completely overhauling its Constitution since the current one went into effect in 1976. The Constitutional draft includes many changes, such as a recognition of private property; substituting the goal of establishing communism with one of establishing socialism; allowing gay marriage; creating age limits and term limits for the president; and giving importance to the role of markets and foreign investment, among many other things.
Now, the exact draft of the coming changes are not yet public, but we can discuss the coming changes that we know of so far with James Early and Elizabeth Dore. James is a former director of Cultural Heritage Policy at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, and a member of the Real News Network's board of directors. He has also traveled to Cuba as a guest of the government, and met with people in Cuba. He has a special interest in Afro-Cuban descendants. Welcome, James.
JAMES EARLY: Thank you.
SHARMINI PERIES: Elizabeth is Professor Emeritus of Latin American Studies at the University of Southampton. She has a new book coming out on Cuba published by Verso books called Cuban Lives: What Difference Did the Revolution Make? Welcome, Elizabeth.
ELIZABETH DORE: Hello. Very nice to be here.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right. Now, both Elizabeth and James have been on another panel talking about Cuba. So if you haven't seen that, do go and watch that on The Real News Network. Liz, let me start with you. This is a very defining moment for post-Castro's Cuba, and a defining moment for the new president, Miguel Diaz Canal. The new draft of the Constitution recognizes private property, the rule of markets, and foreign investment. How do you see the proposed changes affecting the type of economy that Cuba will have once the new Constitution is approved?
ELIZABETH DORE: Well, I think it's actually pretty difficult to tell. It's difficult to tell how long it will take to implement these changes in terms of foreign investment because of Trump and the tightened U.S. embargo. Investors are fairly wary about committing to Cuba right now. That's not to say that none of them are but few of them are, but few of them are. Raul Castro began the process of liberalizing the economy step by step, fairly slowly. And so we need to see, and it's a question of watching, to see how fast things begin to move. And I really think it's impossible to predict that.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right. James, many changes are coming forth now. One is the term limits on the presidency, and on executive independent judiciary, and the presumption of innocence. So many legislative-type things are coming about. First of all, what do you make of these upcoming changes? As I said earlier on, this is a defining moment. And second, items like term limits. You know, how do you think it's going to be received in general, in terms of upholding democracy in Cuba?
JAMES EARLY: Well, I think what the Cubans are attempting to do is to institutionalize the revolution to another level, and to combat a personalization of the revolution which rose not with intent, but arose around the extraordinary stature of Fidel Castro as a very decisive statecrafter from the middle of the 20th century into the early part of the 21st century. And of course the surname Castro was carried forth by his brother, and therein set a context for speculation and critique, even adoration, notwithstanding the fact that Raul Castro was a much more ordinary personality that I think demonstrated a very meticulous approach to statecraft, and moving away from any personalization, and really making a moving towards a more collective leadership. So I think they're trying to institutionalize all of those factors.
The economy, of course, is the major issue, which I think are two factors that must be considered. One is that the revolution has not been able to achieve the kind of individual and collective prosperity that is stated in the present Constitution. And second, I think it's a recognition that a socialist country on a communist trajectory does not exist in a parallel universe outside of the global economy. So they have had to make certain adjustments, certain compromises, that I would call them sort of a strategic tactical compromise, because they are not moving away from state enterprises as the main element in the economy, and the ideology wherein the modes of production belong to the citizenry.
SHARMINI PERIES: Now, Elizabeth, let me go to you on this. The shift from trying to achieve communism, or the goal being communism for the country, to an emphasis on socialism, what is this transition about, and how do you think it will transpire going forward?
ELIZABETH DORE: Well, I think, actually, the wording between socialism and communism is just that, just wording. Cubans in the past have tended, I know that the word 'communism' is in the present Soviet-style, Soviet-modeled Constitution that was drafted in 1976 and passed Cuba then. But most Cubans, whenever I would say something about the communist system here, they'd say no, no, no, we don't have communism. We're striving for socialism. That communism is at a much higher level, and we're not going to achieve that level. So I think it's a question of realism. And it's a question of what, as James said, you know, looking at the world today and realizing the very, very difficult situation that Cuba is in. And so to start talking about communism is outside, really, of the realm of possibilities.
SHARMINI PERIES: And James, let me get you to respond to that as well. I mean, obviously it will have some especially social and cultural significance, and do you think that there will be some sort of departure from how Cuba is presented to the world, and how Cuba is defined in terms of its own Constitution, but also to the people?
JAMES EARLY: Well, Esteban Lazo, who is head of the National Assembly, and one of the older members of the Central Committee in his late 70s, has indicated that they want to unburden themselves with the weight of the past. I will speculate that that is a reference to the failure of the Soviet Union, and also Cuba's own self-critique over the last 15 years or so of Eurocentrism; meaning that while they uphold the principles of Marxism and Leninism in the context of the Jose Marti revolutionary nationalism, they have been self-critical that they too often tried to set down actual models from Eastern Europe into a tropical, multiracial country where the major religion is not Western religions, but a mixture of these African religions with Catholicism.
So I think they're trying to make a realistic adjustment, a kind of materialist adjustment, if you will, to situate these principles in the context of their actual internal reality, and in the context of global reality of the failure of communism by the leading country, the federation of the time of the Soviet Union. And they are asserting that they will maintain their socialist principles, that the state will control the economy in the interests of the people. And of course, they are also asserting that the Communist Party will remain the sole and leading governance organ in the context of executive and administrative changes they've made at the level of president, and now a prime minister which will, who will oversee the Council of Ministers. And it's unclear whether that prime minister will also oversee the Council of State.
SHARMINI PERIES: Liz, would you like to respond to what James is saying here?
ELIZABETH DORE: Yes. I think the biggest change that we're going to see, and we have been seeing in Cuba in the last 10 years, is a loss of equality, a loss of egalitarianism. And that was written into the principles of the Communist Party. In 2011, the Communist Party crossed out the word 'egalitarianism' from their statement of principles, and substituted it, substituted 'equal rights and opportunities.' Those two things are very different things. 'Egalitarianism' means that the state is, wants to struggle, or the goal of the state is for everyone to live more or less at the same level and to be more or less equal. As we know from Western social democracies, 'equal rights and opportunities' means everyone would have access to schooling and access to health care. But some- we're talking about a meritocracy. Some people will become much better off, wealthier, and some will be poorer.
And that what's been happening in Cuba in the last 10 years. And I think that the Constitution, by including six forms of private property, along with the majoritarian state property, is institutionalizing in some way that statement of principles of the Communist Party, that they're no longer aiming for egalitarianism. It's not because maybe they wouldn't like to have egalitarianism, but they don't think it's possible with private investment. And they would like to see a growing private sector in the Cuban economy. And so I think that's the biggest change, and that's the biggest change we're seeing in this Constitution.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right. Now, my next question is going to be directed to both of you, but let me go to James first. James, the draft Constitution has little so far on the issue of civil society, the rights of civil organizing, resisting the state, and of course the role of social movements, and the right to exist and organize, and bring about demands and protest and so forth. So far from what we have assessed this element is missing. What do you make of that?
JAMES EARLY: I think you put your hands on, actually, the fundamental issue of democracy, and that is the active role of the citizen, protagonismo, as they would say in Latin America; the citizen's agency to envision the world, and to express, to critique, to praise, and to be a participant in the actual conceptualization and implementation of policies. This is a key issue that I don't think the Communist Party and the government have fully worked out.
There's a lot of emphasis coming from Canal, the new president- whom I had the occasion to spend some time with, a couple of hours, a year and a half ago- emphasizing the need to listen to the citizenry, to respond to the citizenry, and to, quote, encourage debate. On the side of a kind of centralism of the most advanced, the Communist Party, and the functionaries and governance to take responsibility. And it has not been calibrated more in an institutionalized way towards the citizen. There is a critique online from a young Cuban socialist patriot whom I'm familiar with, I read on my Facebook page a few days ago, raising the question of why was not the draft that the politicians are looking at not circulated to the public in advance, so that they would be able to compare the original document with the editorial debates going on, rather than to simply receive the summary of what is going on by their political representatives?
So I think there is still an outstanding question of how to center, recalibrate a Communist Party socialist centralism to guarantee the safety and integrity of the country towards a proactive citizenry that is organized, self-organized and engaging with its public servants.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right. Elizabeth, let's get you in on this. The democracy of a nation depends very much on freedom of speech and association, right to civil disobedience, and so on. And yet we don't see that in the draft. And as James just said, if that draft is actually circulated and there's a consultative process in place, people would actually comment on items like this.
ELIZABETH DORE: I agree. And I agree with James that this is something that is not in the Constitution. And I don't think it is something that the Cuban political leaders is taking very seriously now. The day before yesterday there was a very small, all demonstrations making demands among for, you know, making demands of the Cuban government are very small. And there was a small demonstration of artists in front of the Capitol building in Havana, because there was a new decree that was just passed that gives the official Writers Association, that is, the state-controlled Writers Association, the state-controlled Film Association, the state-controlled Music Association more power to censor artists.
And so there was a group of artists who had organized a small demonstration. Every one of them was arrested. And even the minister, the ex-Minister of Culture Abel Prieto, very, very, very indirectly- it's sort of you have to deep look at, you know, what's going on- what he wrote was about a Salvadorian poet Roque Dalton. But it was clearly that he posted it right now because he's critical of the fact that there is not more space for people in his area, the area of culture, to have more freedoms. And so the artists, where there's a lot of artists in Cuba who are demanding more freedoms for their own creativity; also to show their kind of installation art that is demanding more political space. Tania Bruguera is the most famous, who was about to have an exhibition here at the Tate in London. And the Cuban government is not accepting to give those artists more liberties.
I think this is a real issue. And I think it has to be- Cubans are pushing. Cubans on the island are pushing about that, and I think we need to watch that.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right. James, let me give you the last word here.
JAMES EARLY: I think there are two considerations here. I think on the one hand there is an earnest drive within the Communist Party and within the government to recalibrate their center towards a more collaborative relationship with the citizenry, and a reflection of the citizens' interests. I think it's more than just a philosophical statement.
However, within the Communist Party there will be those who are very, very concerned. I would not use the term hardliners, but I would use the term conservatives, who are very concerned about what has happened throughout Latin America with the overthrow of governments in Paraguay and Brazil, that displacement of two Kirschners in Argentina, the brutal, constant attack on Maduro, and what is going on in Nicaragua with the Ortega government; notwithstanding critiques to be brought in all of those situations. So I think they're trying to calibrate how to move towards a more people-centered democracy as is in the Constitution while protecting the national integrity.
Because there are those in the U.S. State Department, there are those sitting in Miami, there are right-wing Colombians and Venezuelans sitting in Miami and in Latin America in general who will try to overthrow them. So I think the fact that Abel Prieto, who is a really significant figure, has stepped forward is a reflection of democratic expression that is not to relieve any responsibility on the part of government of fostering that. But it's not simply an either-or situation. They are trying to maintain their revolution. Raul Castro made it very, very clear when he came in that if the embargo, which has really hindered the development of Cuba, were removed tomorrow, the caution is would the revolution survive because of its own failures and its own errors?
So I think it's a breath of fresh air that artists are stepping forward, and that Abel Prieto, who has been a stalwart in the Ministry of Culture on the question of race, on the question of gay and lesbian life, and on the question of more expression is stepping forward. And it is a hopeful sign of democracy.
SHARMINI PERIES: All right. I thank you very much, James and Elizabeth. Both of you are dynamic together, and looking forward to having you back as this conversation moves forward. Thank you so much.
JAMES EARLY: Thank you.
ELIZABETH DORE: Thank you very much.
SHARMINI PERIES: And thank you for joining us here on The Real News Network.


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The forums ran from 2008-2020 and are now closed and viewable here as an archive.
Home › Forums › Design › How paypal
How does paypal do this? is this more of a HTML5 thing or jQuery or what? I am referring to the video background and how it goes from still to video each time the page loads. Thank
It took me a while to work this out, but there's no video on that page you linked to. There is however a video here: https://www.paypal.com/webapps/mpp/home
I assume that's what you wanted to show us.
It displays an image of the first frame of the video whilst the video is hidden so it can load in the background, and then once it's finished loading a JavaScript event is fired (presumably by the HTML5 Video API – you'll have to Google it) that replaces the image with the video.
The effect is seamless because the image is the first frame of the video. Slick.
Thanks! Is is it a JavaScript timer that delays the playing of the video
This is actually what is happening: http://stackoverflow.com/a/9755372/938664


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Delhi or Dilli is a lively city reflecting a perfect blend of modernization and traditional architectures. Being a capital city of the Republic India, Delhi is the center of Government's legislature and judiciary systems. It was 1992 when Delhi has been declared as a state under the national capital territory Act.
Terminal 3, counter allocation for airlines is displayed outside the entry gate and after the entry gate inside. Check-in time is 3 hours before flight departure and counter closes one hour before departure time.
Special service request should be made at the time of booking the ticket so that we can make the necessary arrangements. Wheelchair can be availed from the check in counter or passengers can use the phone located at the parking. The Ground Handlers names for airlines are mentioned on the phone board.
Check-in baggage allowance/ Excess baggage
|Business J
|Economy Y/S
|Excess baggage rates in INR
|Upgradation rates in USD
|Delhi - Paro
|40 kgs
|30 kgs
|INR.170 per kilo ++
|Delhi - Kathmandu
|40 kgs
|30 kgs
|INR.100 per kilo ++
Travelers are advised to carry passports at all times with minimum 6 months validity. Indian Nationals travelling from Kathmandu to Delhi and vice versa can also travel with their original voters ID. For Bhutanese citizenship ID card is also accepted. One must carry original birth certificate for child and infants. Passengers with connecting flights or onward journey must have minimum 3 hours transit time. Information on transit flight must be passed onto the staff at the embarking station so that the information is passed onto us. The following information and documents have to be sent us to authenticate the document:
The above documents can be sent to email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com and the staffs will arrange the Boarding Pass at the transit.
NOTE: No transit facilities available between International and Domestic.


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Full Sleeve Women's T-Shirt
Regular price$18.00
Shipping calculated at checkout.
- In stock, ready to ship
- Inventory on the way
- Free shipping on Australian orders over $50
- Express & International Shipping available at checkout
Orders are shipped within 2 to 3 business days via Australia Post.
For more information, refer to our Shipping Policy.


text: Show 100 5 10 15 20 50 100 250 Sort by year (new to old) Actions Download search results Subscribe to news feed Your filters: cql: author exact 28FCE886-A618-11E2-B369-EFA310BDE39D or (type any "bookEditor journalEditor issueEdi... Add to list Journal Article A1 Interprofessional training for student conference interpreters and students of political science through joint mock conferences : an assessment Bart Defrancq (UGent) , Sarah Delputte (UGent) and Tom Baudewijn (UGent) (2022) INTERPRETER AND TRANSLATOR TRAINER. 16(1). p.39-57


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ESPN: Mike Glennon can't shake Russell Wilson
The shadow hasn't left.
It just moved to Wisconsin.
Instead of having the spotlight all to himself this fall -- as you would think most starting quarterbacks do -- NC State's Mike Glennon will continue his career this year in the shadow of Russell Wilson. It's not fair to Glennon, really, and it's nobody's fault. They're two different quarterbacks, at two different points in their careers, at two different schools, in two different conferences.
And yet it's going to be impossible not to compare their progress this season.
Wilson could be the starter for a team that should very much ...


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Even though the sound quality is never really that good, I find internal speakers very handy for times when you can't be bothered connecting up real speakers.
The Mac mini which is donating parts to this project had a speaker so I am experimenting with a tiny low voltage amplifier to drive it.
Here is one built around an LM386N. It's driven by 5V and I am happy with the volume and quality for what it is.
The small circuit on the left is for getting 5V out of the 18.5V power brick.


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Post by Steven Dale
The new Roosevelt Island Tram (RIT) is likely to generate renewed interest in cable transit and urban gondolas. What it may also do is demonstrate to the wider transit planning community that Cable Propelled Transit is an "open" platform and not (necessarily) subject to the issue of proprietary technology.
Let me explain:
The Roosevelt Island Tram was built in the 1970's by the Swiss lift manufacturer Von Roll. Two decades later, Von Roll was acquired by the Austrian manufacturer Doppelmayr in 1996. You would expect, therefore, that the Roosevelt Island Tram would've been rebuilt by Doppelmayr as well.
If you did expect that, you'd be wrong.
The Roosevelt Island Tram was in fact rebuilt by Leitner-Poma; Doppelmayr's closest and most direct competitor.
I have no knowledge about the selection process behind the RIT rebuild. I don't know why Leitner-Poma was chosen over Doppelmayr, nor do I really care. I don't even know if Doppelmayr participated in the bidding process or even if there was a bidding process. None of this matters to me.
What matters to me is this: Having three different companies (two of which are fierce competitors) working on the same system over a span of 30 years demonstrates that cable transit is an open technology.
That is, the fundamentals are so common across the industry that any of the players can work on each other's systems. That encourages competition and keeps prices low. It also prevents white elephant situations where cities find themselves trapped out-of-production technologies, desperate for parts that no longer exist; a situation plaguing Toronto's ill-fated ICTS vehicles.
The argument for open technologies in transit is common enough that it took me just under one minute to find three espousing the idea:
- Regarding monorails, Seattlepi says; "It is a proprietary technology, meaning a transit system will be stuck with the same technology from a single company for future expansion."
- About Aerorail, Transit Malaysia says; "Aerorail is a relatively untried proprietary technology – thus leading to concerns about the future operations and maintenance of the line as well as the related costs."
- Concerning gondolas, a commenter on Skyscraperpage has this to say: "It's proprietary technology: once you build it you're stuck with the same company that's free to raise prices."
Try it yourself. Google "proprietary technology" and "transit" and/or "public transportation" and you'll find no shortage of arguments in favor of open platforms. None favor closed platforms.
(Now that I think about it, I don't think I've ever heard a strong argument in favor of closed platforms in public transportation. If you can think of one, I'm all ears, but I'm not sure it exists.)
As transit moves towards things like smart fare cards and ticketing systems, the current debate about "openness" centers around information technology platforms, but the principal still applies to vehicle and mode choice.
Basically, cities don't like playing with proprietary technology. They need it to be as open as possible. Certainly every transit manufacturer will have their own patents and intellectual property, but at the end of the day, the fundamentals behind a given technology have to be similar enough across the industry to allow any major competitor to build, operate and maintain any given system.
Collectively, the Doppelmayr-Garaventa Group and Leitner-Poma (and/or their parent companies) have built 22,000 ropeway systems around the world. Those systems need parts, operators and maintainers. Yes, there are subtle differences between urban ropeway systems and non-urban systems, but the fundamentals are the same. It seems highly unlikely that any city that chooses to build an urban gondola would have any trouble finding parts in the future.
And it's not like these companies are going out of business any time soon:
Leitner was founded in 1888 and Doppelmayr in 1892. If you want industry stability, that should speak for itself. For the sake of comparison; Bombardier, one of the world's largest LRT manufacturers, is a relative youngster. It was founded in 1942.
By virtue of this attachment to history, the industry uses (literally) centuries old techniques and technologies not subject to strict intellectual property and patents. The technology is common enough across the industry to allow different companies to work on and maintain each other's systems.
In other words: Cable Propelled Transit is an open technology. While examples shouldn't be necessary to prove this fact, it's great that the Roosevelt Island Tram demonstrates that the cable industry is indeed up to the task of openness.
Want more? Purchase Cable Car Confidential: The Essential Guide to Cable Cars, Urban Gondolas & Cable Propelled Transit and start learning about the world's fastest growing transportation technologies.
Want more? Purchase Cable Car Confidential: The Essential Guide to Cable Cars, Urban Gondolas & Cable Propelled Transit and start learning about the world's fastest growing transportation technologies.


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