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Behavioral Determinants of Obesity: Research Findings and Policy ImplicationsView this Special Issue
Adolescent Weight Status and Related Behavioural Factors: Web Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition
Purpose. To identify whether non-overweight students were different from their overweight or obese peers with respect to diet, suboptimal meal behaviours, and physical activity using a self-administered web-based survey. Methods. 4097 adolescents living in Alberta, Canada completed Web-SPAN (Web Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition). Students were classified as overweight or obese, and differences were described in terms of nutrient intakes, physical activity, and meal behaviours. Results. Non-overweight students consumed significantly more carbohydrate and fibre, and significantly less fat and high calorie beverages, and had a higher frequency of consuming breakfast and snacks compared to overweight or obese students. Both non-overweight and overweight students were significantly more active than obese students. Conclusions. This research supports the need to target suboptimal behaviours such as high calorie beverage consumption, fat intake, breakfast skipping, and physical inactivity. School nutrition policies and mandatory physical education for all students may help to improve weight status in adolescents.
1. Introduction
Obesity has been recognized as a significant public health challenge worldwide. The obesity epidemic is of concern in Canadian adolescents due to the dramatic increase in prevalence over the past 25 years [1]. Further, numerous health consequences of adolescent obesity exist including risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes [2], and persistence of obesity into adulthood [3, 4]. Equally concerning are psychosocial consequences such as discrimination and teasing that may occur, which can have a long-term effect on self-esteem and body image [5]. Obesity presents an enormous burden to our health care system, estimated in the billions of dollars, which is only expected to increase with the dramatic rise in obesity prevalence [6].
Given the numerous consequences of obesity, surveillance systems and measurement tools are needed to determine the effectiveness of obesity prevention programs and interventions [7]. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to collect relevant and geographically diverse information in a time- and cost-effective manner. Web-based methods of surveillance provide a cost-effective means to survey large numbers of participants concurrently throughout wide geographic areas. Access to hard-to-reach areas is enhanced, thus improving the ability to obtain a representative sample [8]. The Web Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition (Web-SPAN), a self-administered web-based survey for adolescents, has previously been validated [9]. However, Web-SPAN has not yet been used to determine the relationship between bodyweight status and health behaviours such as dietary intake and suboptimal meal behaviours. Therefore, this study provides the much-needed insight on how web-based methods of surveillance can be used to further our understanding of the factors that contribute to overweight/obesity in youth and will help inform intervention development and refinement.
Although several studies have examined the relationship between overweight/obesity and obesity determinants, few have utilized a web-based platform in order to capture this information. Previous studies have indicated that obesity is a complex condition involving individual/behavioural, environmental, and social factors. Further, it has been proposed that a basic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure leads to increased adiposity [10]. Specifically, individual behaviours such as increased consumption of high calorie foods (which include high calorie beverages) [1, 11–13], physical inactivity, and increased sedentary activity [14–16] have been identified as key factors contributing to the development of obesity.
Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use a web-based method of surveillance to investigate the current bodyweight status of Alberta adolescents and to identify whether non-overweight students were different from their overweight or obese peers with respect to macronutrient intakes, consumption of Other Foods (foods not included in Canada's Food Guide), suboptimal meal behaviours including breakfast skipping and consuming meals away from home, and physical activity levels. It was hypothesized that non-overweight students would have different intakes including lower intakes of fat and Other Foods, and a lower frequency of meal skipping and consuming meals away from home. Further, it was hypothesized that non-overweight students would be more active than their overweight and obese peers.
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
The Web Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition (Web-SPAN) was a self-administered web-based survey of grade 7 to 10 students that assessed diet, physical activity, related meal behaviours (i.e., meal skipping and consuming meals away from home), and height and weight and is described below. All 59 public and separate school boards in the province of Alberta, Canada were selected for participation, which included schools in both rural and urban areas, public schools, Catholic schools, and private schools. Of these 59 school boards, 48 (81%) agreed to participate and an average of seven schools within each school board was randomly chosen and contacted after obtaining school board approval. Private schools (approximately 10% of all Alberta schools) were also included in the study and were selected to ensure that they were appropriately represented in the sample. These schools were initially stratified according to the five Alberta Education zones in the province (Calgary and South, Central, Edmonton and area, North Central, North) and were then randomly selected.
In total, 18,484 students were sent consent forms across 363 schools and 4981 adolescents agreed to participate in the study. However, participating students who signed on to the website but did not complete the survey (), and students with extreme values of BMI, total caloric intake, or physical activity levels based on outlier analyses (non-mutually exclusive outliers: BMI, ; total caloric intake, ; physical activity, ; total outliers removed, ) were excluded. BMI classification could not be determined on 804 students due to missing height and/or weight, thus they were excluded from the analyses. The final sample was 4097 students (boys = 1974; girls = 2123; mean age = 13.7 years) from 136 schools (37% school response rate) within 44 school boards (75% board response rate). Age and sex characteristics of our overall sample reflected the sampling frame of the provincial school population for grades 7–10: the mean age of our sample was 13.7 (±1.2) years versus 13.3 (±1.3) years for grade 7–10 Alberta school youth (), and the proportion of males in our sample was 48% versus 51% for the province. During data collection, students were free to end the survey at any time and were not required to answer every question in order to participate. Therefore, sample size varied throughout the analyses.
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Web-SPAN
Web-SPAN was a self-administered web-based survey that was developed at the University of Waterloo and modified by researchers at the University of Alberta in order to include questions regarding meal behaviours (i.e., meal skipping and consuming meals away from home), self-efficacy, and physical activity. Students respond to electronic survey questions providing information on height, weight, dietary intake, physical activity, and other health behaviours. Web-SPAN has previously been validated [9] and has been described elsewhere [17–21].
2.2.2. Weight Status
Students provided self-reported height and weight. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (weight [kilograms]/height [meters2]), and students were categorized as overweight or obese using the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs [22]. Derived from adult BMI cut-off points (25 and 30 kg/m2 for overweight and obesity, resp.), age and sex specific cut-off points for youth 2 to 18 years of age were extrapolated by placing these values (25 kg/m2 and 30 kg/m2) at 18 years of age where prevalence of overweight and obesity were matched. The IOTF cut-offs were used to determine overweight and obesity status based on the recommendation of Dietitians of Canada, the Canadian Paediatric Society, the College of Family Physicians of Canada, and the Community Health Nurses Association of Canada [23]. Among a subsample of 459 students in our study, Web-SPAN showed good agreement for self-reported height () and weight () when compared to measured height and weight [9].
2.2.3. Dietary Intake
As part of Web-SPAN, a 24-hour web-based dietary recall was administered to students to measure dietary intake using the Food Behaviour Questionnaire developed at the University of Waterloo [24] and modified by researchers at the University of Alberta [17]. Responding to the electronic survey questions, students reported all foods and beverages consumed during the previous day. To help students recall their intake, portion size images and cues regarding beverage intake were provided. The 24-hour recall component of the Food Behaviour Questionnaire (FBQ) has been validated using several methods and has been described previously [9]. Briefly, in comparison to a dietitian-administered 24-hour dietary recall, the FBQ showed good agreement for total energy and nutrient intakes [25], and compared to a 3-day food record, intraclass correlation coefficient values were within ranges reported elsewhere in the adolescent population [9].
A measure of diet quality was used to classify students into groups of poor (meeting minimum servings of 0-1 food group), average (2-3 food groups), or superior (all 4 food groups) diet quality using a food-based diet quality index [26] modified to reflect Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE) [27] foods [17]. The number of servings from each CFGHE food group [27] was calculated using data from the 24-hour dietary recall and included the following food groups: Grain Products, Vegetables and Fruit, Milk Products, and Meat and Alternatives. Foods that were not classified as CFGHE foods were categorized as Other Foods and further divided into the following subcategories: foods containing mostly sugar (e.g., candies), high salt/fat foods (e.g., potato chips), high calorie beverages (e.g., regular soft drinks), low calorie beverages (e.g., low calorie soft drinks), or high sugar/fat foods (e.g., pastries) based on Canadian Nutrient File definitions [28]. The CFGHE was subsequently revised and the new food guide [29] was released in early 2007. In spite of this, the 1992 CFGHE was the government recommendation during data collection and was also a component of Alberta school curriculum [30, 31]. Therefore, it was most appropriate to compare intakes to the 1992 CFGHE recommendations. Macronutrient intakes were assessed using ESHA Food Processor (version 7.9; Salem, OR) and the 2001b Canadian Nutrient File [28] database.
2.2.4. Suboptimal Meal Behaviours
Survey questions examining meal behaviours (i.e., meal skipping and consuming meals away from home) were comparable to questions developed for Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), a well-established survey instrument [32, 33]. Frequency of meal consumption was assessed by asking "How often do you usually eat?" followed by "breakfast," "lunch," "dinner," "morning snacks," "afternoon snacks," or "evening snacks" with response options of "Never," "On weekends only," "Less than half of the week (≤3 days/week)," "More than half of the week (≥4 days/week)," "Every day," and "Not answered." Frequency of consuming meals away from home was assessed by asking "How often do you eat meals or snacks prepared away from home?," with response options of "rarely or never," "once a month," "once a week," "2–6 times a week," and "once a day." The following locations were assessed: school cafeteria, fast food restaurant or take out, other restaurants, vending machines, snack bars, and convenience stores.
2.2.5. Physical Activity
A web-based version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) was used to assess physical activity levels over the previous 7-day period. The PAQ-C was specifically designed for Canadian school-aged youth and includes components on physical activity during the school day as well as after school and weekend activity [34]. The questionnaire consists of 9 items which are used to calculate an activity score (scores range from 1.00 to 5.00). The PAQ-C has been shown to be a reliable [35] and valid [36] method to assess physical activity in youth. In addition, among a subsample of 411 students in our study, when compared to the paper-based PAQ-C, the web-based PAQ-C showed good agreement () [9].
2.3. Procedures
School boards and schools were individually contacted by mail and followup phone calls were made to request permission to survey students. Parents and students received information letters, and parental consent was obtained using active consent. All students provided assent after signing on to the web-based survey. The anonymous 24-page survey took approximately 45 minutes to complete and was conducted during class time within the school day. Survey data were collected between January and November 2005 (except in July and August when schools were closed for summer). This research was approved by a university ethics board and by all participating school boards and schools.
2.4. Statistical Analyses
Overweight and obesity prevalence were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Four multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to evaluate the association between gender and BMI classification for the four sets of dependent variables: nutrient intakes, Other Foods categories, frequency of meal consumption, and location of meal consumption. Total caloric intake was used as the covariate for all four MANCOVAs. Univariate followups were completed on significant MANCOVA results for dependent variables. Prior to the MANCOVA analyses, the assumption of homogenous slopes [37, 38] was tested, and interactions indicated that the slopes differed among levels of the independent variables. Therefore, adjusted values were based on custom models which included these interactions for the following MANCOVA analyses: macronutrients, Other Foods, and frequency of meal consumption. Differences in physical activity levels and diet quality scores between non-overweight, overweight, and obese students were assessed using a 2 × 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA) for gender and weight status.
Statistical analyses were performed using the software program SPSS (version 15.0; SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill). A criterion -level of was used for all statistical comparisons given the small effect sizes previously observed using Web-SPAN [17–20].
3. Results
3.1. Weight Status
Observed percentage of overweight and obesity, by gender, are presented in Table 1. In total, 21.1% of students (26.5% boys; 16.0% girls) were considered overweight or obese.
3.2. BMI Classification and Nutrient Intakes
Multivariate values for BMI classification (, , , ) were significant, while the interaction between BMI classification and gender was not significant (, , , ) for nutrient intakes. Univariate followup analyses for BMI classification indicated that non-overweight students consumed significantly more carbohydrate and fibre, and significantly less fat compared to both overweight and obese students. Significant differences did not exist between overweight and obese students, or for protein intakes between BMI classifications (Table 2).
No significance was observed for the main effect of BMI classification (, , , ) or the interaction between BMI classification and gender (, , , ) with Other Foods subcategories (MANCOVA). The results of comparisons between intakes from the Other Foods subcategories and BMI classification are presented in Table 2. Although significant differences were not observed based on the MANCOVA, significance was observed for high calorie beverages based on univariate analyses where non-overweight students consumed significantly less high calorie beverages compared to obese students. No significant differences were observed between BMI classification and diet quality (, ).
3.3. BMI Classification and Suboptimal Meal Behaviours
Significant main effects for BMI classification (, , , ), but not for the interaction between BMI classification and gender (, , , ) were observed when meal frequency was assessed using MANCOVA. Followup univariate analyses revealed that non-overweight students had a higher frequency of consuming breakfast and snacks compared to obese students. Non-overweight students also consumed snacks more frequently than overweight students. No differences were observed for lunch or dinner consumption (Table 3).
The association between BMI classification and gender with frequency of consuming meals away from home assessed using a MANCOVA did not reveal significant values for BMI classification (, , , ) or the interaction between BMI classification and gender (, , , ) (Table 3).
3.4. Physical Activity
Significant differences were observed in physical activity levels between non-overweight and obese students, and between overweight and obese students (, ) based on ANOVA. Both non-overweight (2.92 ± 0.01 [SE], ) and overweight students (2.89 ± 0.03, ) were more active than obese students (2.66 ± 0.05). Differences were also observed between BMI classifications based on gender for both boys (, ) and girls (, ) when assessed using ANOVA. Both non-overweight (3.06 ± 0.02, ) and overweight boys (3.00 ± 0.04, ) were more active than obese boys (2.63 ± 0.06), while non-overweight girls (2.81 ± 0.02, ) were more active than obese girls (2.70 ± 0.07).
4. Discussion
The purpose of this study was to investigate the overweight and obesity status of Alberta adolescents and to identify differences in nutrient intakes, meal behaviours, and physical activity levels between BMI classifications using a web-based survey. One in five students were considered overweight or obese. They had significantly different nutrient intakes, meal behaviours, and physical activity levels than non-overweight students, such that suboptimal behaviours (e.g., skipping breakfast) were more prevalent in students classified as overweight or obese.
Self-reported height and weight were used to calculate BMI and to further classify students as overweight or obese. Although measured height and weight are more precise and accurate than self-reported measurements, self-report is a useful method that offers researchers a time- and cost-effective method to survey a large number of participants simultaneously [24, 39–41]. Overweight and obesity rates in the current study were similar to the Alberta rates from the 2004 CCHS [1]. The 2004 CCHS revealed that Alberta youth had a significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity than the national average, therefore it was most appropriate to compare to provincial statistics [1].
The association between dietary fat and weight status in the literature is inconclusive. Several researchers have suggested that an increase in dietary fat intake can be correlated to an increase in body fat in children 4 to 11 years [42–44]. However, Gillis and colleagues [45] and Troiano et al. [46] did not observe the same effect. In the current study, both overweight and obese students consumed significantly more total fat compared to non-overweight students, suggesting a relationship between dietary fat intake and BMI classification. In addition, overweight and obese students had significantly lower intakes of carbohydrate and fibre compared to their peers. Although mean intakes of total fibre were well below the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) in all BMI categories, higher intakes were observed in non-overweight students, representing an improvement in fibre intake with decreasing BMI. Significant differences were not observed between BMI classification and diet quality; however, recent findings from the 2004 CCHS suggested that youth who consumed fruits and vegetables more frequently (five or more times a day) were less likely to be classified as overweight/obese [1]. However, it is worth noting that diet quality was very poor in all students, regardless of weight status, which could explain the lack of significance in results [17]. Further, the food-based diet quality index used in the present study did not determine when students exceeded their CFGHE recommendations, which may provide a better understanding of the relationship between diet quality and overweight/obesity.
Although results did not indicate significance for the consumption of Other Foods subcategories, univariate analysis revealed that obese students consumed significantly more high calorie beverages compared to non-overweight students. The relationship between high calorie beverages (e.g., regular soft drinks) and body weight is of interest due to the tremendous increase in soft drink consumption in the adolescent population. In the United States, data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Survey assessed longitudinal changes in beverage consumption among adolescent girls. Girls were assessed initially at age 9 or 10 years and annually up until 19 years of age. Data from multiple 3-day food records indicated that regular soft drink consumption nearly tripled over the 10-year period. In that study, for every 100 grams of regular soft drinks consumed, BMI increased by 0.01 unit and average daily caloric intake increased by approximately 82 kilocalories [12]. A more recent Australian study indicated that schoolchildren aged 4 to 12 years who consumed greater intakes of high calorie beverages (i.e., fruit juice/drink, soft drink) were more than twice as likely to be overweight/obese [13]. A meta-analysis which examined the effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health revealed positive associations between soft drink consumption and body weight, although results varied depending on the methodology used to assess body weight [47].
Results of the present study indicated that non-overweight students had a higher frequency of consuming breakfast and snacks when compared to either overweight or obese students. Breakfast skipping is highly prevalent in the adolescent population, and consistent with previous reports, has been associated with increased prevalence of overweight [48]. Although snack consumption has been previously associated with higher intakes of Other Foods [49], the current results suggest that snacks may be associated with a lower BMI classification. Additional research that examines meal patterns may be helpful in clarifying the association between snack consumption and weight. Although significant differences were not observed between BMI classification and consumption of meals and snacks away from home, previous studies have found a positive association [50, 51]. This suggests that location alone may not be adequate to explain the relationship between meal behaviours and overweight/obesity. Information regarding the type (e.g., fried versus grilled, white versus whole wheat, whole versus skim milk, juice versus fruit) and quantity of the food consumed away from home may be necessary to provide a true understanding of the relationship between BMI classification and meal location. As well, in the current study, the frequency of family meals was not examined. Family meals may have provided a better understanding of BMI classification than consumption of meals away from home at independent locations.
Results from the current study indicated that both non-overweight and overweight students were more active than obese students. Further, differences were observed by gender where both non-overweight and overweight boys were more active than obese boys, and non-overweight girls were more active than obese girls. These findings are consistent with results from the 2004 CCHS which indicated that sedentary adolescent boys were more likely than active boys to be obese [1]. However, these results are dissimilar to other reports from the Canadian Health Measures Survey that utilized objective measuring devices for physical activity such as accelerometers [52]. In a study done by Thompson et al. [14], no significant differences were found in physical activity levels among BMI classifications.
A limitation of this study was the use of self-reported survey data. Although validated survey components were used, many adolescents experience recall bias, response bias, and underreporting of total energy intake which is known to occur in the adolescent population [53]. Strengths of this study include the large sample size, the use of validated questionnaires to assess behaviours, and the web-based methodology which facilitated access to a large number of students over a large geographic area. The survey also provided anonymity and privacy which have been shown to be important determinants of adolescents' decision to report honest answers [54]. Further, students were not aware in advance what day the survey was to be completed, therefore reducing reactivity.
5. Conclusions
In conclusion, this study examined the overweight and obesity status of Alberta adolescents and the associations between BMI classification and lifestyle behaviours including nutrient intakes, meal behaviours, and levels of physical activity using a web-based survey. Web-SPAN was a time- and cost-effective method that was used to assess health behaviours of adolescents throughout a wide geographic area, including hard-to-reach areas. Significant differences in intake, meal behaviours, and physical activity levels existed between BMI classifications. This research supports the need to target suboptimal behaviours such as high calorie beverage consumption, total fat intake, breakfast skipping, and low levels of physical activity in order to promote healthy weights in the adolescent population. Because behaviours established during adolescence have been shown to track into adulthood, it is important to target these behaviours during early adolescence. In Alberta, vending machines have been removed from many schools, and daily physical activity is mandatory in grades 1–9; however, this research supports the need to focus on older adolescents, including those in high school (grades 10 through 12). Additional nutrition education in schools may also help target suboptimal nutritional intakes such as high intakes of total fat and low intakes of fibre, by educating students on the importance of a healthy diet. Thus, priorities that aim to improve the whole school environment such as comprehensive school health which includes school nutrition policies, removal of vending machines, and mandatory physical activity may help to improve overall weight status in Alberta adolescents. Further, because diet quality was poor among all Alberta adolescents, regardless of weight status, priorities should be developed that target students in all grade levels in order to improve the overall health and well-being of all adolescents.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
This research was supported by Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions (AIHS; formerly the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research [AHFMR]) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Heart and Stroke Foundation (CIHR/HSF). K. E. Storey received funding from the Danone Institute of Canada (Doctoral Student Award), CIHR/HSF, and AIHS Health Research Studentship. R. C. Plotnikoff and K. D. Raine were funded by Salary Awards from the CIHR and AIHS; K. D. Raine was also funded from an HSF Salary Award.
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Things to do in Lebanon, Oregon at Our Hotel
Dining, Relaxation and Beyond
Best Western PREMIER Boulder Falls Inn offers guests an enviable location on the Samaritan Health Services campus. The hotel is near a number of exciting things to do in Lebanon, OR, such as the breathtaking wineries of the Willamette Valley and the Willamette Speedway, but there is also plenty do onsite. Enjoy inspired Pacific Northwest cuisine at 1847 Bar & Grill as you overlook our breathtaking Japanese garden and Koi pond. After dinner, take a relaxing stroll along 6,000 square feet of beautifully manicured garden paths, complete with peaceful waterfalls. Our hot tub is also a wonderful place to ponder what to do in Lebanon, Oregon, while the fitness center offers an opportunity to blow of some steam before you explore the area. Discover the perfect Oregon experience at Boulder Falls Inn.
Things to do in Lebanon, Oregon at Boulder Falls Inn
- Fitness center
- Dining at 1847 Bar and Grill
- Outdoor, heated pool
- Hot tub
- Japanese garden with Koi pond and 6,000 square feet of walking trails
- Room service from 5 pm to 10 pm

subset: commoncrawl


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"For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ" (2 Corinthians 4:6).
Todd Alexander
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Jesus opened up Peter's heart to the Gospel with profound emotional experiences that rocked Peter's world. The words Jesus spoke gave Peter hope, purpose, and love. Peter knew which way to point his emotional compass and this early heartfelt devotion to Jesus was rewarded with a rich life of sacrificial service in Jesus' footsteps. Peter first saw Jesus as the Messiah in his heart. The beginning of Peter's faith was how he felt about Jesus.
In contrast, Jesus opened the mind of Saul of Tarsus to the Gospel by delivering the factual evidence that he was the Messiah. Though Saul of Tarsus was a giant in religious circles of his day, his expert knowledge of the Law and Jewish tradition actually imprisoned his emotional relationship with God by reducing his faith to a defined process. Saul's supernatural encounter with the risen Jesus on the road to Damascus was the intervention he needed to prove to his mind that Jesus was the Messiah. Saul first saw Jesus as the Messiah in his mind's eye. The beginning of Saul's faith was how he thought about Jesus.
In the Apostle Peter and the Apostle Paul, we see two major patterns for the call of the Gospel Age Church. They represent two types of people whom Jesus' calls, develops and sanctifies for the work of harvest. They pertain to two different pathways for the beginning of our faith in Jesus. These two pathways were personified in the temperament, call, and lifetimes of these two great men of God. These are the two sides of faith.
Have you ever wondered if your faith is genuine? Have the varied callings and life experiences of your brethren made you wonder about the authenticity of your own? Understanding the diverse callings and life experiences of Peter and Saul of Tarsus should help shield us from such unprofitable worries. We should ask our selves; "Would the Apostle Peter have chosen Saul of Tarsus?" or "Would the Apostle Paul have chosen Peter?" Just as God called and developed the faith of these two great men, we may be assured that God calls each of us and develops us for an individual purpose and with a unique plan that is customized to His will and our unique human characteristics.
Feeling and reason are the two qualities that make the human race sentient beings, the highest order of God's earthly creation. However, as evidenced in the scriptures, our feelings for God and our reasoning about God cannot remain mutually exclusive. Both are required for a growing faith (John 15:7‑10). If God finds us in a state where we are heavily leaning toward one or the other, He will give us experiences that help us become more balanced and complete in faith. Perhaps this dynamic is what the father, whose son was healed of the foul spirit, meant when he said to Jesus: "Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief " (Mark 9:24). This father was hoping against hope that Jesus could heal his son, but this thoughtful response indicates that there was an area of either his heart or his mind that needed to believe more.
Apostle Peter
Jesus saw Peter casting his net for fish in the Sea of Galilee. Jesus saw Peter as a man of action, a man who was writing his own script and casting his own show. God somehow indicated to Jesus that Peter should be called. It is important for us to remember that God selects us and gives us to Jesus for the ministry (John 17:6). The Creator of the Universe saw something useful in Peter just as He saw something useful in each of us today.
Peter's fishing trade did not allow him time to become immersed in the study of the prophetic word like Saul of Tarsus. But his skill and emotional commitment to his work confirmed to Jesus that Peter would be good ground for the Gospel seed. Jesus said, "Come ye after me, and I will make you to become fishers of men" (Mark 1:17). Was it the tone of Jesus' voice? Was it the hope of becoming a fisher of men? Was it God opening up Peter's heart to Jesus? Was it Jesus' physical presence that compelled Peter to leave the fishing business? It was surely all of these things that established Peter as an example of those who look to God primarily through the lens of inspiration at the beginning of our walk with Jesus.
Soon after the death and resurrection of his Lord Jesus, the Apostle Peter learned the value of a faith founded on the prophetic word. This is evidenced in Peter's wonderful speech to an eager international multitude of Jewish believers at Pentecost. There he wove together a powerful and complicated explanation of prophecy to explain recent events. In a mere fifty days after he denied Jesus, the Savior filled Peter with the holy Spirit and thus helped his unbelief by completing his faith with knowledge. This is a wonderful template for our own development. We may petition our Lord in prayer for a similar experience if we find ourselves in a similar position. While Peter followed his heart when he began following Jesus, his love for Jesus was now grounded with knowledge. These are the two sides of faith. If we come to faith in Jesus weighted toward either love or knowledge, God will endeavor to develop the other side of our faith so that our faith might become full.
Late in his life, the Apostle Peter gave us insight into the completion of his own faith when he said, "We have also a more sure word of prophecy; whereunto ye do well that ye take heed, as unto a light that shineth in a dark place, until the day dawn, and the day star arise in your hearts" (2 Peter 1:19). Here the Apostle Peter compares and contrasts the value of his emotional experience of witnessing the majesty of Jesus on the Mount of Transfiguration with the verity of the prophetic word. When Peter was first called, his heart was deeply touched. But at this much later time in his ministry, he explained that understanding prophecies of Jesus completed his faith with knowledge.
Peter was emotionally inspired and that inspiration was the key driver in his life with Jesus. Peter's inspiration gave him the motivation and the capacity to be courageous. For example, Peter was the first to declare that Jesus was the Christ. He was also the one who stepped out of the boat to walk to Jesus on the water. What could we do if we were so inspired? Peter's emotional engagement powered his personal walk with Jesus. When Peter faltered, Jesus went to him on the seashore to secure his emotional commitment a second time. Jesus is sure to do the same for us when we falter.
Apostle Paul
Unlike Peter, Saul of Tarsus was blinded to an emotional relationship with God. Saul was not listening to his heart and so Jesus confronted Saul's knowledge. Jesus' miraculous appearance on the road to Damascus gave Saul's heart permission to believe and thus completed his faith. Saul's conversion should be a cautionary tale to all of us who emphasize our knowledge of God in our faith. For many of us, it is easy for our knowledge to overrun our heart, especially when there is the prospect of partisan advantage. The tug of friendships and affiliations pave the road to spiritual pride. Saul of Tarsus spent the rest of his life unwinding the effects of this imbalance. "Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence toward God, and men" (Acts 24:16). Perhaps realizing his own sin provided the wellspring for his advice: "Let all your things be done with charity" (1 Corinthians 16:14).
God saw a rugged individualism in Saul of Tarsus that would be useful for the ministry. Saul lived his life as if he had no cause for doubt. That same rugged determination that led Saul to persecute the Christians would now be bent and trained to serve the purposes of Christ, the Son of God. Saul's calling was so unexpected by the brethren that Ananias was completely surprised when the risen Jesus said to him about Saul of Tarsus: "Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel" (Acts 9:15). We should be not be surprised in God's selection of us for the ministry and we should strive to allow God and Jesus Christ to complete our faith.
Two examples in the ministry of the Apostle Paul highlight his unique temperament. While we see Peter's courage in his boldness to follow Jesus, we see the Apostle Paul's courage in his determination in the face of opposition. What was it that prompted the Apostle Paul to get up from being stoned and left for dead and later reenter the town, possibly into the teeth of those who stoned him? (Acts 14:20). What was it that prompted the Apostle Paul to reject Barnabas' bid to include John Mark in the second missionary journey? (Acts 15:38). It was his courage to do what he believed to be the right thing to do. Perhaps these experiences combined with his natural rugged determination helped him conclude; "We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair" (2 Corinthians 4:8).
Perhaps it was Saul's potential for courage in the ministry that God saw and developed by correcting Saul's understanding of the scriptures. The knowledge of Jesus Christ as the Messiah completed his faith and gave him a powerful platform for service in the ministry of the Christ. The Apostle Paul could now live truthfully and completely in his service to God and deliver the following advice to young Timothy: "God hath not given us the spirit of fear; but of power, and of love, and of a sound mind" (2 Timothy 1:7).
The Apostle Paul's calling, conversion, and ministry is a guiding light to us. He gave us some wonderful insights into our own life in Christ. Paul reflected on the patterns of faith in the Jewish scriptures that were provided for either imitation or warning. He said, "These things were types of us, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, even as they lusted" (1 Corinthians 10:6 RVIC). We look to this scripture to authorize our use of types (prophetic teaching through prophetic pattern) in the experiences of Israel. Israel's passing through the Red Sea, the details of their Passover, and their disobedience and punishment, provide patterns for us to believe and, in many cases, emulate. The experiences of the Jewish people are relevant to us both as individuals and to the corporate body of Christ.
The Apostle Paul also gives us specific examples of those who provided positive role models of how to serve God. In Hebrews 11:1‑ 12:1 he names individuals that we should look to as examples for our behavior during the Gospel Age. The Apostle Paul himself would become a pattern to emulate for the Church throughout the Gospel Age. Have we ever wanted a machine that would extract the value of the experiences in another person's life and use them to build our life upon? The Apostle Paul instructs us to do just that as we learn the lessons from the lives of the faithful men and women of old, as well as from his own life.
When we compare and contrast the varied lives and experiences of the Apostle Peter and the Apostle Paul, we gain insights into two types of people whom God calls and His manifold wisdom in doing so. Which type are we? Do we see God first through our love for Him or through our knowledge of Him? Do we then look to our brethren who seem to be more devout or more knowledgeable and feel deflated? Perhaps this is the victory of faith that the Apostle Paul achieved in the Arabian Desert before he could approach the brethren in Jerusalem. Perhaps this identity crisis and his resolve to go forward in the strength of his completed faith was the inspiration for his admonition to the Corinthian brethren: "But in all things approving ourselves as the ministers of God, in much patience, in afflictions, in necessities, in distresses, in stripes, in imprisonments, in tumults, in labours, in watchings, in fastings; By pureness, by knowledge, by longsuffering, by kindness, by the holy Spirit, by love unfeigned, By the word of truth, by the power of God, by the armour of righteousness on the right hand and on the left, By honour and dishonour, by evil report and good report: as deceivers, and [yet] true; As unknown, and [yet] well known; as dying, and, behold, we live; as chastened, and not killed; As sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, and yet possessing all things" (2 Corinthians 6:4‑10).
The Apostles Peter and Paul were chosen by God to accomplish a very specific work in the harvest field at the beginning of the Gospel Age. One of those works was to become new examples that Jesus' disciples could follow during the coming centuries. Peter was an example for those of us who look to God primarily through the lens of inspiration. Saul was an example for those of us who look to God primarily through the eye of knowledge. We rarely find complete pictures in just one person. Our specific strengths, temperament, and experiences in life are usually a mixture of several Biblical characters. A study of the Apostle Peter and the Apostle Paul will yield wonderful insights into the study of ourselves: our faith, our hope, our purpose, and our love for and knowledge of God.
Both show us two distinctly different paths to a genuine faith. God selected them both for specific purposes and placed them in the Body of Christ. This realization provides assurances to the Gospel Age Church that their faith is also authentic and genuine whether it is first developed in their heart or in their mind. We see God's gentle touch in developing each of these Apostles according to his need and according to his unique characteristics.
The beginning of Peter's faith was his love. But he was uncomfortable in his mind when he left the ministry after the crucifixion of Jesus. While his faith was grounded in love first, the Lord completed his faith in knowledge. The beginning of Paul's faith was in knowledge but he was uncomfortable in his heart. While his faith was grounded in knowledge first, the Lord completed his faith in love. Honesty was the common denominator in both men. Jesus provided a path for each to complete his faith, and they followed it. So can we!
Do we have hopes and dreams for a richer, more complete faith in God that we leave unfulfilled because they seem out of reach? If so, we may find role models in the Apostle Peter and the Apostle Paul. Like these great examples that God provided, let us act on our hopes and dreams with confidence, believing that God has chosen us for the ministry and that just like them, God will complete our faith. We may have the confidence that we also will be rewarded with a rich life of sacrificial service in Jesus' footsteps.
What are we willing to give up in order for our hopes and dreams to become a reality?
Categories: 2014 Issues, 2014-November/December


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Emory University's endowment hits record highMain Quad on Emory University's primary Druid Hills Campus. Photo obtained via Wikimedia Commons
Emory University's endowment hit a record high thanks to some good investments and some donations to the Atlanta university.
The endowment reached a high of more than $6.7 billion as of June 30, 2015, according to a university press release.
The university credited a well-diversified portfolio, maintained by Emory Investment Management, even though it earned just a 3.6 percent return on investment over the most recent 12-month period, compared to the previous period when it earned a 19.1 percent return.
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The metro Atlanta school's endowment was also strengthened by "philanthropic gifts totaling $72 million," according to the release. "Growth was offset by net distributions of $258 million to support Emory's academic programs and research support," the release said.
Here's the full press release from Emory:
Emory University's endowment value reached a record high of more than $6.7 billion as of June 30, 2015, earning a 3.6 percent return on investment over the trailing 12 months. Returns are lower than the previous 12-month period, when the university's endowment earned 19.1 percent on investments.
Emory Investment Management (EIM), the group that oversees the endowment, continues to maintain a well-diversified portfolio, to invest with best-in-class external partners, and to seek opportunities to add value throughout market cycles.
Emory's three- and five-year returns for the period ending June 30, 2015, exceeded 10 percent annualized, well above the long-term investment return targeted by the Investment Committee of the Emory University Board of Trustees.
Emory's endowment was strengthened by philanthropic gifts totaling $72 million, representing continued generosity and confidence among donors. Growth was offset by net distributions of $258 million to support Emory's academic programs and research support.
"During the year, headwinds from falling global energy prices were more than offset by gains generated in public equities, private equities and elsewhere in the portfolio," says Mary Cahill, vice president of investments and chief investment officer. "I am proud of our highly skilled and dedicated investment management team that works tirelessly to steward and grow Emory's endowment assets."
"Emory continues to remain competitive among the nation's elite universities," says Mitchell Tanzman, Emory University trustee and chair of the Investment Committee. "Our investment team deftly weathered the market challenges this year with strong performance in equities — significantly outpacing the portfolio's benchmark in both public equities and hedge funds. This is a substantial indicator of EIM's outstanding management and stewardship of the university's resources."


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Become an Oriflame Brand Partner
Join Oriflame and start an exciting journey towards a bright new future! As a Brand Partner you are offered the chance to Look great, Make money and Have fun. Our mission is to fulfil dreams and that means giving you the tools and inspiration to change your lives for the better, to achieve your individual goals.
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With us you're your own boss. We also offer you the opportunity to have fun, meet wonderful new people, travel and attend exciting events.


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Increase your iPad productivity and work from anywhere. The Pro Keys wireless keyboard & detachable case has laptop-style keys, an adjustable stand, a holder for Apple Pencil, and multi-pairing capabilities. Plus, the case gives you up to 6.6 feet of drop protection.
The Next Step in the Evolution of Productivity
Unleash the productive capabilities of your tablet with the Pro Keys wireless keyboard & detachable case. It has everything you need to make any surface an effective workspace. We've developed a Pro keyframe with smooth, precise key travel for fast, accurate touch typing. The case allows your stylus to attach magnetically to your iPad. And we've included all the extras for an ideal user experience including forward-facing speaker cutouts, backlit keys, and an adjustable stand.
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Transform your tablet into a lightweight, portable workstation so you can work from anywhere. We've optimized Pro Keys with accessories that enhance your tablet's capabilities, making it truly user-friendly and efficient.
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The keyboard and case detach to accommodate different uses and environments. The holder for Apple Pencil keeps it, or any other stylus, close at-hand for when inspiration strikes.
Backlit, Laptop-style Keys
Our new Pro keyframe design provides optimal key travel for clean, precise keystrokes and an easy, comfortable typing experience. The backlit keys, in seven different colors, make typing in low-light conditions easy.
Reliable Protection, Lightweight Design
The durable polycarbonate case has a rigid core, rubberized edges and button covers, and corner bumpers, all of which combine to provide 6.6 (2m) of drop protection. The lightweight design fits easily in your bag.
Multi-Device Pairing
The Pro Keys wireless keyboard pairs with two devices simultaneously, like a tablet and your phone, so you can toggle back and forth between them.
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Type for up to a year before recharging the battery. Keyboard automatically turns off when folded backwards against the tablet. The sleep/wake function helps preserve battery life when keyboard is not in use.
*Based on regular use of one hour per day.
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The rechargeable battery keeps you typing for up to one year between charges, and the sleep/wake function helps preserve battery life when your keyboard is not in use.
Regular use of one hour per day. Using the backlit feature will impact battery life and may require more frequent charging.
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How To Quit Your Job?
If you don't have tons of money lying around in your bank account, then don't quit your job. It might be tempting to try your hands at freelancing or the entrepreneur thing, but once you lose that job, all your time will be focused on getting money for food and rent.
Passion is fantastic, and you should work to have that. But if you are going to let go off a job that pays you, then you will find yourself in a bad situation.
Here is the thing: if you find a job that pays you enough or more for a passion project of yours, then leave your current job.
Else, stay on your job and pursue your passion for weekends and holidays because that money you get paid will allow you to be stress-free when you are doing your creative expression.
But you need to consider, do you even need to quit your job. Maybe you are with the wrong manager or wrong project.
See if you can get yourself transferred to a better project or a manager with whom you have better bonding. Many people feel the need to look for a better job because they don't feel fulfilled. Try to achieve that in your current position, maybe the solution lies in your current job itself.
Money Is Important
No matter how much other people say, money is an essential factor. If you need to choose between your passion and money, then select cash. Because if you choose money then eventually you will have the freedom to follow your passion too.
But if you stuck with passion with less money, then you will end up with stressed life, and soon you will find your passion not so passionate.
The ultimate goal in life is to be happy. And for that, you need to eliminate all the things which might be stressful.
Almost 80 percent of the problems can be solved by money. And the rest like a relationship problem, inner peace, and focus – you can work on better if you have your money problem sorted out.
If you need to figure out where your next meal is going to come from then no matter how hard you try, you won't be able to have a calm mind.
The struggle gets amplified when there is a lack of money. The corollary is true, too – having money pushes you to live a better-managed life.
The Combination
Yes, a job that is your passion is the holy grail. But the chances of happening that is rare. And with time, your passion might evolve, change completely, and sometimes you might find happiness in other things.
All of which is normal. The best thing is to have a 'me' time in your schedule. So that every day, you work on your passion.
It can be anything like dancing, writing, or sketching. Dedicate half an hour for that activity. And you can live a fulfilled life.
Even if your job is stressful and you don't like indulging in that activity. Doesn't matter see it as a bargain for the money and the freedom which comes from it.
Now go and make something you are proud of. And if you are short of money, take that job – it's alright.


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Nov 26, 2018
Do Not Fret the End of the Semester
Darrick Smith provides great reminders to keep you from fretting at the end of the semester.
It's that time of the semester. The time where students have just finished mid-terms and are in the final stretch. They can finally see the light at the end of the tunnel, but there's still more work to be done—finals! Final exams, term papers, and group projects; the things that every student enjoys. It's the most wonderful time of the year, right?
For many it's the most fretful time of the year. The end of the semester can be a really stressful time of the year for students and college ministry leaders. The time of the year that creates a lot of worry, anxiety, and even depression. For collegiate leaders, this is one of the most frustrating times of the year. It's the time of the year where your large group gathering shrinks. Students stop showing up to activities. Small groups and discipleship groups are poorly attended. You stop getting replies to text messages. And for some odd reason, it's the time of the year where student's phones stop working. You know the whole, "I didn't see your call" thing? It's just a challenging time of the year for everyone!
But in the midst of a time of worry, stress, anxiety, depression, anger, frustration, and bitterness; what's going on at the core of your hearts? What's contributing to your students' worry, anxiety, and depression over their grades? What's contributing to your frustration and bitterness towards your students when they stop attending gatherings? What's contributing to your students' obsession over their GPA? What's contributing to your assumptions that your students don't care about ministry during this time of the year? What about your anger towards them?
At the core of our hearts we have an unbelief problem that leads to these attitudes and actions.
The ability that something has to provoke stress, worry, anxiety, anger, frustration, and bitterness in you is most likely connected to unbelief—you are not believing the promises of God nor the truths of the gospel. But what are you possibly believing? What are your students believing?
In my own heart, I've discovered that often I was prone to believe the worst about my students that led to sinful attitudes and actions. I also discovered that my students were believing certain lies that led to their actions. For all of us, we needed a heart check! We needed to ask ourselves the hard questions. We needed to ask ourselves what we were actually believing in those moments of worry, anxiety, and frustration. We needed to remind ourselves of what was true.
I found that as a collegiate minister it was easy for me to believe these two lies.
1. Salvation and sanctification belonged to me, not the Lord.
I often acted as if it was left up to me and my performance to see students saved and growing in Christ. The truth is…I thought students needed ME. I thought they needed the Bible studies that I worked hard to plan. I thought they needed my programs and events. I thought their maturity in Christ was dependent upon me. The truth is, "Unless the Lord builds the house, the work of the builders is wasted. Unless the Lord protects a city, guarding it with sentries will do no good." (Psalm 127:1 NLT) Salvation belongs to the Lord (Psalm 3:8), not you. Yes, you need to be faithful in sharing the gospel and planning discipleship events that matures your students, but your student's spiritual maturity and sanctification is dependent upon the One who gave His Son for them, not you. You're not the key ingredient; God is.
2. I am sovereign over the lives of my students.
I once read a quote somewhere that personal sovereignty is delusional. The idea that we are in control of our lives and those we are leading is delusional. We have no control. We can't even control whether or not we will continue breathing for the next thirty seconds to finish reading this article, so why do we fight so hard to control our students? Why do we think that if our students don't do what we ask them to do then they are doomed? It's because we have a god-complex—we think that we are god and are in control of our students. I've learned that the students God sends to me are signs of his grace. God saw fit to graciously send me students to shepherd and point them to Jesus. We are the under shepherds, not the Great Shepherd. We must fight against believing that we our Lord over our students.
But what's going on in the hearts of our student's? How do we help our students answer the hard questions about their attitudes and actions? Behind every unanswered text and skipped meeting could be a deeper problem. Their actions are the smoke but down below is a fire—what's really driving their behavior. Your students could be believing the following lies.
1. God isn't good therefore I must control my life.
Perhaps what's driving some of their actions is the fact that they believe that they are in control of their lives and know what's best for them. Perhaps they believe that God is not for them and thus, they need to ensure that they are doing everything in their power to have a "good" and "successful" life. Honestly, this was a lie that drove my life for a number of years. I didn't trust that God was for me and had a plan for my life, therefore I took my life into my own hands. I became "god" of my life. I needed the truths of Scripture to point me back in the right direction. Your students may need to be asked the simple question, "Who's Lord over your life?" This could help you identify where they have misplaced their affections, hope, and worship.
2. Academic success is the most important thing.
This can be a hard one because they are students and their job is to be a successful student who honors and loves God with their mind (Deuteronomy 4:6-7). However, we know that for some students, academic success is the god that rules their lives. Their unhealthy desire for success and achievement can lead to worry, anxiety, and depression. It's important for you to help your students see this idol and point them back to what is true.
The end of the semester can be a challenging time, but It's important to remember that our ministries do not exist and thrive solely based upon our efforts nor our student's efforts. It's the Lord. It's God's Spirit that works in and through us, and our students. We can trust God with them and our ministry during a challenging time of the year.! As Paul reminded the Church at Philippi in Philippians 4:5-6, "The Lord is at hand; do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus." This is the promise that you and your students can rest in during this time of the year—God is near to us, therefore we do not have to fret!


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From: Mat B.
Sent: May 2, 2012
To: undisclosed recipients
Subject: Fw: Parade in Germany, the World is laughing
A chuckle amidst the insanity….the world is laughing
at our government and the corruption.
These floats were part of the annual Carnival Parade in Germany watched by an estimated 3 million people in 3 German cities including Dusseldorf. With our controlled press, it is interesting to see that German citizens seem to know more about the U.S. political system and environment than the majority of citizens on the streets of America.


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Bitcoin futures launched on first major exchange
Exchanges will use information gained from this launch to make a case with the SEC for ETFsBy William Gayde
Bitcoin as an investment tool has been a fairly difficult market to enter. Exchanges require extensive verification and technical knowledge to work with. There has also been the fear that a single computer crash can wipe out your entire savings if you are storing the coins locally. In another move towards widespread adoption and acceptance, the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) has just began listing bitcoin futures, XBT.
Investing in a bitcoin future is very different from investing in bitcoin itself. With a future, you don't own any of the actual product itself. Instead, you are betting on what the price will be at a given date in the future. For example, you could invest money in the hopes that bitcoin passes $20,000 by February 1st. You don't get the actual coins, your entire position is just based on whether or not bitcoin will hit that price at that time.
The CME Group will also reportedly launch their bitcoin futures contract in the coming weeks. Being listed on these fully regulated exchanges is a big step towards legitimacy compared to where bitcoin was just a few years ago. Many hope it will eventually result in an official bitcoin ETF.
The CBOE's CEO Edward Tilly told Coindesk that they will use information gained from listing futures to make a case with the SEC for these bitcoin-linked ETFs and ETNs.
The CBOE will continue to evaluate the program's success in the coming months and may look to add other cryptocurrencies to their exchange as well. The futures surged on their first day of trading and as of publishing, are trading at 18,600 with an expiration of January 17th 2018.


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"Laney's node-spotter function [from Idoru] is some sort of metaphor for whatever it is that I actually do. There are bits of the literal future right here, right now, if you know how to look for them. Although I can't tell you how; it's a non-rational process."
–William Gibson, from William Gibson: All Tomorrow's Parties : Waiting For The Man


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If you are looking for a Lane Cove painter who has the right blend of local knowledge, outstanding service, professional painting skills and affordable pricing, then your best choice is your local painter. We have been painting in the Lane Cove area for over fifteen years. During that period we have perfected our craft painting on every possible kind of building and establishment that you could think of – from interior and exterior residential painting to apartment painting to industrial painting and everything in between. Our professionalism and experience has given us a complete understanding of what it takes to deliver superb paint jobs in Lane Cove. Our vast experience enables us to complete professional painting works for houses, apartments, offices and commercial properties within the region.
Our professional team are dedicated to helping local business owners and residents bring their painting ideas to life. We are master painters specialising in all areas of painting including home painting, apartment painting, office painting, industrial painting and heritage building painting. Our years of experience working in Lane Cove combined with our professional expertise consistently delivers quality results at very affordable prices.
Call us now to talk to us about your painting needs, whatever the size of the project. One of our experts will visit your home or place of business at a mutually convenient time (within one hour if necessary). We will confer with you about your particular painting needs and advise you on what strategy is best to bring your concepts to reality. You can be assured that our quote will be affordable and competitive because our local identity means that you won't be paying us for travel costs.
We enjoy working in Lane Cove and take immense pride in working with local residents and business owners to deliver impressive painting jobs that will look great years after the project has been completed.
We are available to work on all painting jobs within Lane Cove including interior residential painting, apartment painting, exterior residential painting, office painting or heritage painting. In fact there is every chance that you may have seen some of our team members working in your immediate area or around the plaza on commercial projects.
Whatever your painting requirements are, we have the team to deliver superb results for you.
We stand by our claim of not only being the best painters in Lane Cove, but the best painters in all of Sydney.
No Job Is Too Big Or too Small – Your Lane Cove Painter Can Paint It All
Sydney Painters


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- Home
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- Permits and Inspections
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Building Permits
Permit Information
Building permits are required for any agricultural, residential or commercial construction – including additions, remodels, new construction, outbuildings (including barns, sheds, aircraft hangers or pool houses), swimming pools or docks, manufactured homes, DCA modular homes and existing home relocation.
Downloadable forms are available to print for each permit type, view the Planning and Development Documents and Forms page. All contractors are required to submit copies of both a State Contractor's License and an Occupational Tax Certificate with each permit.
City of Madison Services
As of June 1, 2015, please direct all City of Madison project submittals and requests for Building Department services to the City of Madison Planning & Development Department. These services will include all City of Madison Permitting, Inspections, and Environmental Code Enforcement Services.
Please note: If an active permit has already been issued, or plans have already been submitted for review prior to June 1, for a project within City of Madison jurisdiction, Morgan County Planning and Development will continue to oversee those existing projects until completion.
Please contact the City of Madison Planning and Development Department for any further information:
Madison City Hall
High Street Entrance
132 N Main Street
Madison, GA 30650
Phone: (706) 342-1251
Fax: (706) 342-3454
View the City of Madison Website
Electric Companies
Central Georgia EMC
Phone: (770) 775-7857
Central Georgia EMC Website
Georgia Power
Phone: (706) 342-1462
Georgia Power Website
Rayle EMC
Phone: (706) 444-5100
Rayle EMC Website
Snapping Shoals EMC
Phone: (770) 786-3484
Snapping Shoals EMC Website
Tri-County EMC
Phone: (478) 986-8100
Tri-County EMC Website
Walton EMC
Phone: (770) 267-2505
Walton EMC Website


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It's easy to look at the life of Eleanor Roosevelt and think to ourselves, 'They don't make them like that anymore.' In one sense I agree, and in another I would only add, 'Well, let's certainly hope they do.' We could use another Eleanor or two in the world. Happy Birthday, Mrs. Roosevelt.
As niece to one US President and wife to another, public service was second nature to Eleanor Roosevelt. A tireless advocate for women, minorities, and the working class, she is consistently listed as one of the most admired people of the 20th century. Among other accomplishments, she was the first chair of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.
In 1921, Ms. Roosevelt began serving as a stand-in for her incapacitated husband, President Franklin Roosevelt, making public appearances on his behalf. She also worked with the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), raising funds in support of the union's goals: a 48-hour work week, minimum wage, and the abolition of child labor. (We have so much to thank her for.) The wife of a president who was elected to serve four times, she was the only First Lady many young Americans knew until her husband died in office.
When she entered the Oval Office the day after her husband's death, Harry Truman, Vice President and soon-to-be president, was meeting with advisors, struggling with the challenges the country faced in the midst of World War II.
He stood instantly and approached her. "Mrs. Roosevelt, what can we do for you?" he asked tenderly. She took his hand and replied, "Oh, no, Mr. Truman. What can we do for you?"
It doesn't get any classier than that.
"A woman is like a tea bag: you can't tell how strong she is until you put her in hot water." – Eleanor Roosevelt


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To Thomas Jefferson from Rosaubo, 29 January [1787]
From Rosaubo
29 Jan. [1787]. Declines TJ's dinner invitation for the following Friday, because of his prior engagement with the Marquis de la Guiche.
RC (MHi); 1 p.; in French; dated only: "ce lundy 29 janvier" (see note to Rochambeau to TJ, this date); addressed. TJ's invitation to which this is a reply has not been found.


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Tuesday, September 8, 2015
Content Ideas
"I don't know what to write" <-- We all know that the struggle is real when we first start writing our blogs. Don't worry, me too. As mentioned in my very first blog's post back in 2011 that I found it quite difficult to come up with the topics for The Equinox Fashion. I tried a wide variety of contents included the runway trend, New York Fashion Week's street style etc. However, I have decided to only focus on a few sections; personal style, event, lifestyle (food review), which I think these work for me. Whenever I met people who want to start writing their blogs, they always ask me "what to write?", or some even say "I have no idea what to write" I cannot 100% say which works or not, but here are some of the contents I constantly love reading.
1. Personal Style
There are a lot of fashion bloggers I love checking out because their styles give me new ideas! I am not really into the beauty, or feminine style fashion blogs because I am more into the street fashion. Don't get me wrong, they are beautiful, but I just love the tomboyish look, which matches with my #ootd more. I love seeing international bloggers, like literally they are giving me that 'vibe' of their own countries. I don't know how to explain, but I can gradually learn their styles, cultures, and the way they take their photos are really different from what I have seen in the UK. One of my favourite bloggers from Japan is Samantha Mariko. The Asian sensation of Tokyo is my everything because I love the big city life. Tokyo is just a city with colors and innovative things. Also, Australia based, Rachel from The Daily Luxe is great too. The tropical vibe, green palm trees make me feel refreshed.
2. Lifestyle
I do love reading the lifestyle blogs, not only the beautiful and minimal photography, but also the discovery of the new things I have never known before. You know that I have been in Manchester based blogger for only a year, therefore there are so many restaurants, bars. etc I need to know. I need to do more exploring about what's good in the UK, so that I can visit myself. I love reading my fellow UK blogger Gabrielle from A Glass of Ice because she often introduces me to the new places I have never been before. Especially, the hotel reviews are one of my favourite!
3. Deep Thought
I love reading people' deep thoughts. In fact, I can learn so much from many bloggers who share their own experiences about life. It's very interesting to know how we are all thinking the same in some topics, yet different at some points. I love reading Rena from Dress with Soul because I can learn something from her. Not only she has a great fashion taste, but her experience in life can teach me something. You know, sometimes, we gotta listen and learn from the other's perspective.
4. Foodie
Who wouldn't love food!? It's good and bad at the same time though. It is good because I can find the new recipe to try at home. However, those food bloggers always make me hungry lol I hate myself when reading their blogs at midnight since I feel like I need to go to the fridge and find something to eat. Recently, I have just discovered the BBQ recipe from Jackie, and I will def gonna try it this weekend!
5. Interior Inspo
I love decorating the house/flat/studio/kitchen/bathroom and everything about interior design. The interior inspo always gives me life! I have always dreamt about having my own studio right in the middle of New York City. So, looking at those inspiration images makes me smile, while motivating myself to have the room like that one day. Mostly, I use Pinterest for finding out a broad range of beautiful and modern studio, and I really can't stop pinning!
33 comments :
Great ideas, lady! Everyone needs a little idea re-charge now and then. :) Loving your hat!ReplyDelete
Le Stylo Rouge
You inspire me to think outside the box and not be afraid to take a simple look to a wow factor even though is comfortable always rocking it looking amazing. Thank you for the recognition and and sorry for making you hungry lol.ReplyDelete
This is really nice! Have a great day. :)ReplyDelete
These are all such fabulous ideas!! I love reading a variety of posts and love all of these! :)ReplyDelete
Style Sunrise☀
Amazing ideas! :)ReplyDelete
And the Outfit is incredible! :) I really love the sunglasses - they look so unique.
xoxo, Anna Lea
Looking great sista! I'm coming back to blogging soon! It feels great to be spending time reading blogs and do all the creative things again! Miss you lots, lets catch up on the phone soon <3ReplyDelete
You look great in the pictures, I really love your outfit! Content is always something I struggle with but I've decided not to worry myself over it too much, it's always nice to write for other people but I essentially started my blog to write about things I love so I'm going to try and do that and hope that if I love it others will too :) xxReplyDelete
Great tips and you look super stylish in this outfit!ReplyDelete
Bella Pummarola
Super :)) xxReplyDelete
wow wow wow this look is simply perfectReplyDelete
from head to toe
i love the glasses so much <3
with love your AMELY ROSE
Great ideas!! kissesReplyDelete
El blog de Sunika
I love your ombre....great shoes! you look very stylish...and thank you for sharing these writing ideas.ReplyDelete
hi gail, it's been a while! hope you're doing good :) i enjoy reading those topics as well but just to add one more, i love baby/family blogs! hah x)ReplyDelete
Very cute shoes!ReplyDelete
Great tips!!! I love your sunnies!!!ReplyDelete
Kisses, Paola.
My Facebook
Those glasses are so cool!ReplyDelete
Melanie @ meandmr.com
So pretty!! love the outfitReplyDelete
That's a really good point that you can learn a lot about a place from the style of fashion bloggers in their different countries. I really enjoy reading the blogs that you've mentioned tooReplyDelete
Suze | LuxuryColumnist
Great points, we learn so much from each other in blogging land. I love the fashion, food and fitness tips I get. XReplyDelete
Fabulous sunglasses girl! Was contemplating on buying some myself!ReplyDelete
New post - http://www.fashionistachic14.blogspot.co.uk/2015/09/superman.html
Blog - http://www.fashionistachic14.blogspot.co.uk/
Bloglovin' - https://www.bloglovin.com/blogs/fashionistachic14-12984939
Instagram - https://instagram.com/isobelceline/
fabulous post my dear, great ideas!! lovely outfit as well <3 xoxoReplyDelete
Really great ideas. Finding and sticking with one's niche is key instead on writing on trends you're not comfortable with just because others are doing it. I love your hat, you look lovely.ReplyDelete
What a nice glasses, they're so funny! The look is perfect for those days!ReplyDelete
love, Carmen
Thanks for sharing! I like your shoes, they're so cool :) xxReplyDelete
Hi Gail :) You are looking so cool today- you're outfit is so on-point with the high-waisted jeans and blazer :) I'm so glad you like 'The Daily Luxe'- it was super sweet of you to mention me. I really enjoy your personal style posts- you always pull off so original and cool pieces (like Spongebob) that I would never be able to rock! Love your other suggestions to- I really enjoy reading 'A Glass Of Ice' and 'Dress with Soul' too :)ReplyDelete
Rachel xx
Awesome photography as always, dear! Love chilling out here & reading your posts as well. xoxoReplyDelete
Amazing photos dear ;) have a lovely weekend!ReplyDelete
Well, my weekend has well and truly be made - thank you so, so much for mentioning me under the 'lifestyle' category of blogs, I'm so pleased to know you're enjoying my blog. I'm sure you know by now I'm a big fan of your blog too! You've listed some great suggestion for when writer's block hits, I'll be sure to keep them in mind for when needed :)ReplyDelete
ps. your sunglasses look amazing on you!
Gabrielle | A Glass Of Ice
your style photos/ photography keep getting better and better! love these shots :) I think it's always good to brainstorm new content !ReplyDelete
Such a great post - and seriously girl, your photos are unreal. Is this the new lense at work??? LOVE xxxReplyDelete
Nice outfit! Love the shades!ReplyDelete
Perfect style ! You are very pretty and elegant. I love your shoes and your sunglasses are very cute. Kisses :)ReplyDelete


text:
Murthy, Srihari (1993) The Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Substituted Silanes. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/8gv5-xy57. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01042013-113332582
Ion-molecule reactions in the chlorosilanes, SiHnCl4-n (n = 0-3), and in phenylsilane have been studied by the technique of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry.
In Chapter 1, the motivations for studying the gas-phase ion chemistry of substituted silanes as well as brief descriptions of the gas phase ion chemistry of the chlorosilanes and of phenylsilane are presented.
Chapter 2 deals with the gas-phase ion chemistry of the chlorosilanes, SiHnCl4-n (n = 0-2). Reactions of the chlorosilyl ions with neutral chlorosilanes and with silane as well as the reactions of the silyl ion with neutral chlorosilanes are presented. The chlorosilyl ions participate in Hˉ, Clˉ transfer reactions and disproportionation reactions. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed. The Clˉ affinities of the chlorosilyl ions, SiHnCl3-n+ (n = 0-2), lie within a range of 1.2 kcal mol-1 and decrease in the order SiH2Cl+ > SiHCl2+ ≈ SiCl3+. The heats of formation of the chlorosilyl ions are determined.
Chapter 3 deals with the gas-phase ion chemistry of monochlorosilane. The difference in the Hˉ affinities of the ions SiH2Cl+ and SiHCl2+ is determined to be 1.5 ± 0.3 kcal mo-1. The Hˉ affinities of the chlorosilyl ions, SiHnCl3-n+ (n = 0-2), lie within a range of 1.8 kcal mol-1 and decrease in the order SiHCl2+ ≈ SiCl3+ > SiHCl2+. Protonated SiH3Cl is generated by proton transfer from CH5c and is observed to react with SiH3Cl to yield (SiH3)2Cl+.
Chapter 4 deals with the gas-phase ion chemistry of phenylsilane. In analogy with toluene, two (parent – H)+ cations are produced by the electron impact ionization of phenylsilane. These cations are identified to be the phenylsilyl and the silacycloheptatrienyl cations.
Chapter 5 explores the gas-phase ion chemistry of phenylsilane in great detail. Reactions of the parent and fragment ions (created by electron impact ionization) with neutral phenylsilane and with C6D6 are presented. Two structural isomers are identified for the C6H8Si+ cation and three structural isomers are identified for the C6H6Si+ cation. The Hˉ affinity of the phenylsilyl cation is also presented.
|Item Type:
|Thesis (Dissertation (Ph.D.))
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|Degree Grantor:
|California Institute of Technology
|Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
|Major Option:
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|Public (worldwide access)
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|Defense Date:
|24 May 1993
|Record Number:
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|Deposited By:
|Deposited On:
|04 Jan 2013 22:51
|Last Modified:
|16 Apr 2021 23:07
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text:
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Lorri Acott
Sculptor Lorri Acott has been in pursuit of expressions of love and healing, creating an emotional message that is embodied with clarity and empathy in her graceful, reaching figures.
Lorri has a way of distilling powerful emotional epiphanies we all experience, and provides a beautiful service of healing as she explores the full spectrum of our emotional playing fields.
Sculpting long-legged figures and animals that reflect intimate moments in our lives, a feeling, an interaction, a realization; simplified, without the details of faces or clothing, they rely on our innate understanding of human gesture to inform us. Her impressionistic figurative sculptures reside in private and public collections throughout the US and abroad. A favorite of collectors and critics alike, Lorri's work receives a powerful emotional response wherever it is placed.
Living in the mountains of Colorado, she has found the ideal place to nurture her creative spirit. Her work reaches for the universal in our innermost beings as it explores and examines the question of our existence. Her elongated figures seem to reach a bit taller and bend to examine a bit more thoughtfully. A mixture of heart-warming whimsy and a deep understanding of our feelings make Lorri's work approachable and intimate.
As the co-founder of Dream Big Studios, a company specializing in the creation of large-scale artwork for both corporate and public collections worldwide, Lorri helps to realize the potential of the works of other sculptors.
As for her own work, Lorri's most recent public art installations include: "Who Rescued Who" for Hobbs, New Mexico, "First Love" and "Arc of Peace" installed in Little Rock, AR, 11ft "Conversation with Myself" for the Fort Collins Museum of Discovery, And the 12ft "Peace" for the Geller Center in Fort Collins, CO. "Peace" was selected by The Michigan ACLU as art to change the world in 2014 and was honored by the World Citizens Artists organization in 2015.