text:
Use puTTY to automatically login a SSH session
Many thanks to Jon Lee at jonlee.ca for this excellent procedure allowing for the automtic login of a session using SSH and puTTY.exe terminal emulator. You da man!
From his site:
As many web developers can attest to, logging into your server through SSH (Secure Shell) is one of the more common day-to-day tasks (you can even use it as a secure tunnel for your traffic). It only makes sense to automate this process which in turn can save many many keystrokes.
This how-to is written with PuTTY and Windows in mind and requires several other tools that are available from PuTTY's website. So from their download page, make sure you have these files:
- PuTTY (putty.exe)
- PuTTYgen (puttygen.exe)
Then to automate SSH login, do the following:
- Run PuTTYgen.
- Select SSH-2 DSA as the Type of Key to generate.
- Click generate and move your mouse around to generate randomness.
- Click "Save Private Key†and save it somewhere on your computer.
- Copy the entire content inside the box to your clipboard (this is your generated public key).
- Login to your SSH server.
- Create the file ~/.ssh/authorized_keys containing the generated public key (from step 3) on a single line.
- Make this file readable (chmod 755).
- Then open up PuTTY and navigate to Connection->Data and fill in the auto-login username.
- Navigate to Connection->SSH->Auth and under Private-key, browse to the file you had saved earlier on your computer.
That's it! Now you can try logging in to your SSH server and it should login automatically. If it works, make sure you save your session so you don't have to repeat these steps every time!
Hopefully these steps work for everyone! Let me know if there are any problems.
Had some problems with a CentOS5 server not accepting keys… found that this server was being finicky for some reason, and used this article on how to generate the keys on the Linux server, and then import the public key to the client Windows box. To make it automatically login simply do not enter any passphrase. This is probably a huge security risk or something like that, but if you're using it on a secured LAN then perhaps it's ok.
This post was written by Content Curator on November 27, 2009
How to Fix an Windows XP System that Won't Boot into Safe Mode
The following is totally copied from myfixes.com excellent article.
This article applies to the following type of errors:
|Unmountable Boot Volume
Can't run System Restore in normal mode or safe mode, can't open programs
Windows XP could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\…
Stop: … {Registry File Failure} The registry cannot load the hive.
System error: Lsass.exe
A. Boot the system into the Recovery Console and CHKDSK
| 1. Insert the Windows XP cd into the top cd drive
2. Turn the computer off
3. Setup the computer to boot from cd: either by pressing F2, F9 or Delete to go in BIOS or by pressing F12 on Dell computers to launch the Boot Device Menu
4. As soon as you get the message Press any key to boot from the cd hit enter.
5. Wait ~3 minutes for the Windows Setup to initialize
6. At the Welcome to Setup screen press R to repair windows using recovery console.
7. Wait a couple of minutes while setup examines the hard drive.
8. You will be prompted to choose a Windows installation. Press 1 on the top of the keyboard and then
9. You will be prompted to enter the Administrator password. Press Enter if no password was set.
10. Perform a disk check:
chkdsk /p
11. Type exit to restart the computer.
B. Perform the System Restore
Inside the Recovery Console type the following commands to change the directory to the system restore directory:
| cd \
cd system~1
If you get an Access Denied error:click here
If you don't get an Access Denied error :
| cd _resto~1
If there is no _resto~1 folder or if there are no restore points inside it:click here
If the _resto~1 folder exists, inside it there are several folders named RP1, RP2. These are restore points. RP1 is the oldest restore point. You can use
to view what RP folders are available. If no restore points are available click here. Otherwise choose the most convenient RP folder. Supposing we have RP3 available let's type in:
|cd rp3
Change the directory to snapshot:
|cd snapshot
Restore the main registry branches. If you are being asked if you want to overwrite type in y to agree.
|copy _registry_machine_system c:\windows\system32\config\system
copy _registry_machine_software c:\windows\system32\config\software
The following commands are most of the time optional however the process might not work if they are not executed
copy _registry_machine_security c:\windows\system32\config\security
Type exit to reboot the system. Start the computer normally
Based on:
The support.microsoft.com article:
The icompute.info article:
Posted under Microsoft
This post was written by Content Curator on November 19, 2009
How to Grab All Text After The Last Occurence Using Excel
In a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet cell one can use a custom function to effectively grab all test after the final (last) occurrence of a particular character or string. This is accomplished by simply creating a Custom Function and then using that function in a cell formula. Following is the code and instructions for how to create and then implement the function.
Function PullAfterLast(rCell As Range, strLast As String)
PullAfterLast = Mid(rCell, InStrRev(rCell, strLast) + 1, 256)
End Function
- Highlight the above code, and copy it to the clipboard by pressing CTRL-C, or by right-clicking on the text and on the resulting popup window left-clicking on Copy.
- Open Microsoft Excel (or proceed to step 2 if you prefer to open Excel by clicking the desired existing .xls file directly.).
- Open the workbook you wish to use the function with, or create a new workbook.
- Open the Visual Basic Editor window by pressing ALT-F11 on the keyboard, or clicking Tools > Macros > Visual Basic Editor
- Insert a new module by right-clicking on ThisWorkbook > Insert > Module or on the toolbar clicking Insert > Module
- Paste the clipboard contents (which is the code above this numbered procedure) into the code window by pressing CTRL-V, or by right-clicking in the code window and on the popup menu clicking on Paste, or by clicking the menu toolbar on Edit and clicking on Paste.
- Close the Visual Basic Editor by presing CTRL-Q, or by clicking File on the menu toolbar and then clicking Close and Return to Microsoft Excel.
The custom user defined function is now available to be used in the formulas of cells. To use it, the following syntax format is used in the cell's formula:
Of course, replace yourstring with the appropriate character or string.
This info was combined from ozgrid.com article about how to make custom functions easily, and vertex42.com article where Dave Hawley gave the universe this function's code, many thanks!
Posted under Excel, Microsoft, Office
This post was written by Content Curator on November 19, 2009
How to Add Thumbnails in WordPress
When a website user makes a search with WordPress, the search results typically are shown using the search.php template file. If one chooses to do so, these results can incluse an automatically "grabbed" image thumbnail generated by the images contained in the image. Posts with no images can show a default generic image instead. And this can all be done using the Get-The-Image plugin and perhaps a bit of code tweaking.

<a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" title="<?php the_title(); ?>"><?php if ( function_exists( 'get_the_image' ) ) { get_the_image('width=150&height=150&image_scan=true&default_image=http://yoursite.com/default.jpg' ); } ?>

<a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?>

<?php the_time('F jS, Y') ?> by <?php the_author_posts_link(); ?>

Posted in <?php the_category(', ') ?> | <?php edit_post_link('Edit', '', ' | '); ?> <?php comments_popup_link('No Comments »', '1 Comment »', '% Comments »'); ?>

Insert this snippet, written by mercime ar wordpress.org into your loop, typically right after the beginning while-have-posts loop.
Posted under WebDev, WordPress
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009
How to Import Customer Records Into OTRS from CSV
Thanks to Mike Dent's efforts and OTRS, we now know how a CSV file can be imported into the MySQL database directly. Here is the sample code:
mysql> load data infile '/tmp/otrs_test.txt' into table customer_user
fields terminated by '\t' lines terminated by '\r' (first_name,
last_name, address, postcode, phone1, email, customer_id, valid_id,
create_time, create_by, change_time, change_by, login);
Make sure to import all the required fields (that is, the ones that the database requires, see the table schema for details, >show table x;)
Posted under Freeware, MySQL, WebDev
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009
Escape Sequences Used In MySQL
From the MySQL website:
For input, if the
FIELDS ESCAPED BYcharacter is not empty, occurrences of that character are stripped and the following character is taken literally as part of a field value. Some two-character sequences that are exceptions, where the first character is the escape character. These sequences are shown in the following table (using "
\†for the escape character). The rules for
NULLhandling are described later in this section.
An ASCII NUL (
0x00) character
A backspace character
A newline (linefeed) character
A carriage return character
A tab character.
ASCII 26 (Control-Z)
For more information about "
\â€-escape syntax, see Section 8.1, "Literal Valuesâ€.
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009
How to Delete Returns in Excel
The pesky carraige return and new line characters, while providing a way to present text for human viewing, are not always desirable when working in a spreadsheet program like Microsoft Excel or OpenOffice.org.
In Excel, a bit of code provided by Ivan Moala on mrexcel.com, works wonders. Here is the code:
'Created by Chip Pearson
'Cleans up data by removing tabs and carriage returns in worksheet cells.
Sub CleanUp()
Dim TheCell As Range
For Each TheCell In ActiveSheet.UsedRange
With TheCell
If .HasFormula = False Then
.Value = Application.WorksheetFunction.Clean(.Value)
End If
End With
Next TheCell
End Sub
Here's how to use it:
- In Excel click Tools > Macro > Visual Basic Editor (or just hit Alt-F11)
- In the top-left pane under the Project heading, double-click the name of the sheet you want to strip all the newlines and carriage returns from.
- In the window that pops up, paste the code above into the empty box under where you see General and Declarations.
- Run the macro by clicking the "play" button above, or hit F5
Warning: make a backup copy of your Excel workbook before performing the above procedure.
Posted under Excel, Microsoft, Uncategorized
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009
Alternate Time Servers for Automatic Clock Set
In modern Microsoft Windows operating systems and all Unix / Linux systems the system clock time can be set automatically. The computer will connect to a special server on the Internet called a Network Time Protocol server, and get the current universal time, and then adjust it according to the local time zone on the computer. It keeps the computer clock very accurate and corrects drift before it can become much of a problem.
We recommend using a reliable server: pool.ntp.org
A wonderful group of generous folks provide this extremely reliable cluster of computers for us all to use, free of charge. Thank you NTP Pool Project and all the participants!
Posted under Freeware, Linux, WebDev
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009
How to Show MySQL Warnings at CLI
When logged in to the MySQL server using the command line interface (CLI) the generated errors on the previously run command.
mysql> show warnings;
Thanks to Trevor Nichols and www.issociate.de
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009
How to Highlight Duplicates in Microsoft Excel
Using conditional formatting one may easily show duplicate values in any chosen range of data. Find all duplicate values, and highlight any values that appear more than once.
This is the meat, and here is how:
- Highlight the cell to work on.
- Click Format > Conditional Formatting
- Set Formula Is
- Enter the formula above, replacing the ranges as follows:
- (A:A means that it will look inside the entire A range. Replace this with your own range, e.g. B3:B5 or CC:CC
- ,A2) means to count how many times the value in A2 appears in the designated range. This needs to match the cell you are currently working on.
- Then set the format you want to see when the count of identical values existing in the range is greater than one. This value can be altered to a higher number in order to highlight cells that have more than two duplicates, e.g. change it to be >5 to highlight the cell when at least 5 cells have the same value as the current cell, including this cell itself.
- Copy the formula only to other cells in the range. To do this, copy the current cell, then Paste Special and choose Formulas and paste into the other cells in the range.
An excellent tutorial is at MREXCEL.COM, and thanks to that site for this knowledge and info.
Posted under Excel, Microsoft, Office
This post was written by Content Curator on November 16, 2009


text:
Koch Media, which runs the games studio Deep Silver and publishes several franchises like Saints Row, Dead Island and Metro, has replied to reports that it is in talks to be acquired. Long story short, it's not happening.
"We have seen a recent report suggesting Koch Media is for sale. We are happy to say that Koch Media (including its premium games publishing label Deep Silver) is well-financed, profitable, and a stable and growing business in the entertainment industry.
"Independent companies like us understandably attract interest. As a matter of fact, we ourselves are always on the lookout for responsible acquisition opportunities in the fields of publishing and distribution to accelerate our growth. But we are not for sale."
Currently, Deep Silver is busy with a number of projects including Homefront: The Revolution in association with Crytek, Dead Island 2 (developed by Yager), Metro: Redux and much more. What are your thoughts on Koch Media ever being acquired? Let us know below.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The BadRabbit attack last week mainly affected Russia but also caused flight delays at Odessa airport in southern Ukraine and disrupted electronic payments in the Kyiv metro, as reported by Reuters.
"What we start observing is that there is a strong belief that the NotPetya and BadRabbit (is) being written by the same group, due to the type of the code and approaches," Dmytro Shymkiv told the Reuters Cyber Security Summit in Kyiv.
"BadRabbit and (Not)Petya, WannaCry, this is all from the same family, to test, to disrupt, to analyze how the cyber security community would react," he added.
A former director at Microsoft in Ukraine, Shymkiv said more could have been done to mitigate BadRabbit if organizations had followed recommendations on how to deal with malware, including basics such as not clicking on suspicious messages.
Shymkiv's assessment chimed with that of Russia-based cyber firm Group-IB, who said that BadRabbit shared an important piece of code with NotPetya.
However, experts caution that attributing cyber attacks is notoriously difficult, as hackers regularly use techniques to cover their tracks and sometimes deliberately mislead investigators about their identity.
Ukrainian officials have said the NotPetya attack directly targeted Ukraine and was carried about by a hacking group widely known as Black Energy, which some cyber experts say works in favor of Russian government interests. Moscow has repeatedly denied carrying out cyber attacks against Ukraine.
Read alsoUkraine seeing new wave of cyberattacks – SSCIPUShymkiv said it was difficult to definitively identify who was behind the BadRabbit attack, speculating, for example, that the creators of NotPetya could have sold the BadRabbit virus to another group of hackers.
Ukraine has been a frequent victim of cyber attacks that have conked out power to thousands of homes, frozen supermarket tills and paralyzed government computers. Shymkiv and others see Ukraine as a testing ground for Russian attacks.
He said he was sure more attacks are on the way and, when asked what new threats had emerged recently, cited an incident in the summer when ships in the Black Sea had their Global Positioning System (GPS) hacked.
"It's been a concern (within) the government, it's been a concern among the cyber community," he said.
Shymkiv said recent cyber attacks had forced Ukraine to become more savvy in dealing with threats and it had also increased coordination particularly with the United States.
For example, U.S. government officials this year have been training Ukrainian energy ministry officials on how to combat hacking, Shymkiv said. Coordination is "ramping up. There is a lot of appetite to learn from each other," he said.


text:
Harajuku has become world famous as Japan's center of street fashion. This square mile area is jam-packed with boutiques, fashion malls and chains. Every single day of the year, tens of thousands of people come here to shop, hang out, and see what the latest trends are.
Takeshita Dori—always crowded
The area was originally a small village inhabited by low level samurai. Harajuku's start as a center of fashion and youth culture came after WWII. US Army barracks, called Washington Heights, were built here. Shops that catered to the military families followed. This attracted young people curious about Western culture.
In 1964, the Olympic Games came to Tokyo. Washington Heights became the Olympic Village housing the athletes. People from all over Japan came to Harajuku for a chance to meet the athletes. The crowds of young people persuaded young creators to set up shop here.
Harajuku is about fun
In 1978, the Laforet fashion mall was opened. It quickly became Harajuku's main attraction. Harajuku had now become THE place for fashion businesses to be. It changed from being a place, into being a concept. Harajuku stood for energy, change, newness.
Models promoting a shop
Trends come and go at lightning speed in Harajuku. Decora, Goth-Loli, Cyber-Punk, Mori Girl, the list is endless. Many happen at the same time, and influence each other. Often it's impossible to determine what gave birth to what. This disconnect and freedom is possible because there is no social message. Harajuku fashion is about fun. It is fashion in its purest form.
The entrance to Takeshita Dori


text:
Printed Optics Open Up a New Manufacturing Space for Custom Optics
Digital Additive manufacturing technologies are set to revolutionize the way we design and fabricate parts and, in optical industries, availability optics for a variety of applications. As we focus at Luximprint mainly on providing fast, flexible and cost-effective solutions for illumination applications, let's take a deeper dive here into optics that are 'light source' related. Here's how we think Luximprint's digital manufacturing process will impact the future of optics and how printed optics usher a new era of optics manufacturing.
Printed Optics for the Lighting Industry
Lighting industry experts have a clear vision of the role of Additive Optics Fabrication in the lighting market: optics are a critical component in the total fixture assembly, the build-block that defines 'the light to go where it's needed'. Imagine just a tiny component in the full bill-of-materials' with such a major impact!
The challenges, however, that custom optics face in the lighting industry are multiple. To overcome those, the time is getting ripe for new design- and manufacturing approaches. And this is where Additive Optics Fabrication comes in.
New design and manufacturing approaches will lead the path to new applications in lighting design and application.
From 'Frustration' to 'Innovation'
At the one side, we could relate the 'frustrations' of today's industry from the engineering end to a bunch of design and manufacturing imperfections: (expensive) software limitations, mismatching functionalities, constantly changing needs due to rapidly evolving light sources, costly tooling investments, long lead times, and unusable stocks related to heavy minimum order quantities. All factors that significantly delay or frustrate the development cycle of novel lighting systems.
From a prescription/application perspective, on the other hand, lighting designers and lighting specifiers – they guys having the real understanding of lighting application – miss the tooling to control light output and tailor it to every specific need in a given project, thus saving energy and create far less light pollution. It's time for a different approach!
Printed Optics Change Manufacturing Paradigms
Optical industries, like many other sectors before additive manufacturing, have suffered from long lead times and a lack of cost-effective manufacturing methods for prototyping and low volumes (pre-series). Users are aware of that and accept that getting custom optics available cost significantly more. Additive Fabrication technologies are changing those paradigms, and 3D printed optics significantly contribute to making customization available for optics applications.
The Future of Optics is 'Print'
Whereas in other (conventional) screen- and paper printing industries processes may suffer from digitization, seeing the printed volumes in drop, in 3D printing we believe that Additive Optics Fabrication will become the leading fabrication method for prototyping and one of the leading methods for low-volume optics, thanks to the ability to create custom parts on demand in exact quantities as needed.
Zooming-In: The Lens Manufacturing Process
The lighting industry uses lenses or reflectors to manage light output. A lens is needed to distribute the light from a given source to the required target. Mass-fabrication processes for lenses require expensive moulds and tools and, due to the amortization of the tooling investments, lenses must be ordered in volume to get affordable prices.
The ECO side: Inventory Write-Offs and Unnecessary Waste of Light
Resulting from this, custom optics for a project or niche application are simply not affordable. The minimum order quantities – required to amortize a tool during a project and to get affordable prices – result in gigantic stock levels. Unused parts lead to high financial write-offs – and mountains of wasted lenses, moulds or other components. To avoid this, manufacturers often use standard available lenses, but these do not provide adequate control of lighting, waste energy or come with significant light pollution.
The Digitization of Optics Manufacturing
To digitize optics manufacturing for many optical industries and products, an essential focus is on 3D printing functional optics for LED lighting and various other non-imaging applications.
"Digital Manufacturing will drive the Lighting Industry to tailor every Fixture for improved Light Output while reducing Energy Consumption and global Light Pollution".
The Luximprint fabrication process and services are continuously evolving through close cooperation with specialized companies and global universities to create more and better printing materials and coatings, to improve the CAD rendering process for print files, and to develop platforms with new design tools. And all of the lenses are 'ready-for-use' without any need for post-processing!
Printed Optics – Future Outlook
It is our expectation that all lighting applications that today are addressed by conventional optics, will soon be addressed by additive optics fabrication technologies. Market penetration may not occur that quickly in the basically conventional lighting market but, fortunately, 3D printing is raising a lot of awareness these days, and innovative engineers and visionary designers are adopting the benefits at speed.
Seeing Optics in a New Light
In the next decade, we will also see new types of optics that are not found in the industry today. At Luximprint, we believe that Additive Optics Fabrication leads the path to novel applications in optical design and application, simply because conventional optics technologies don't have the flexibility and capabilities to move into that direction.
Technology Combinations
Interesting to mention here is also the combination of various additive manufacturing methods/materials. This is also expected to lead to interesting propositions in, for example, optomechanics. Optics and holders can thus be printed in one shot, and mechanical parts can even be integrated into the optics itself.
Combining additive optics fabrication technology with printed electronics or printed quantum dots, just to name a few, will open novel optics solutions for optics with fully embedded features.
There's many more to say about printed optics. We hope that sharing those few insights will contribute to a better understanding of the state of the industry now and later, and what potentially will impact its direction.
It is our final desire that any lighting professional will have access to fast, flexible and cost-effective solutions for custom optics!


text:
We all are thinking about it and some of us are actually taking action and getting their hands on real estate investment properties. The longer the NY Stock Exchanges doesn't produce desirable returns the more people are starting with real estate investments.
For most of us the obvious choice of properties are single family homes. Although you can invest in real estate without owning a home, most people follow the experience they made while purchasing their own home. This is familiar ground and the learning curve for doing a real estate deal of this type is pretty slim.
Of course there's a drawback with this approach. The competition is fierce and there are markets where investors are artificially driving up the cost of the properties while completely discouraging first time home buyers. If this is the case, the burst of the real estate bubble is just a matter of time.
How do you avoid these situations and still successfully invest in real estate? How do you get ahead of the competition and be prepared for bad times in real estate investments as well? The only answer I have is commercial real estate.
Why commercial real estate you might ask? Commercial real estate is a solid investment in good and bad times of the local real estate market. The commercial real estate I'm referring to are multi unit apartment buildings.
Yes you will become a landlord and No you don't have to do the work by yourself. You are the owner and not the manager of the apartment building. The cost of owning and managing the building is part of your expenses and will be covered by the rent income.
Apartment buildings are considered commercial real estate if there are 5 or more units. To make the numbers work you should consider to either own multiple small apartment buildings or you should opt for bigger buildings. This will keep the expense to income ratio at a positive cash flow. Owning rental properties is all about positive cash flow.
With investing in single family homes it is easy to achieve positive cash flow. Even if your rent income doesn't cover your expenses 100%, the appreciation of the house will contribute to the positive cash flow. With commercial real estate the rules are different.
While single family homes are appraised by the value of recent sales of similar homes in your neighborhood, commercial real estate doesn't care about the value appreciation of other buildings. The value of the property is solely based on the rent income. To increase the value of a commercial real estate you need to find a way to increase the rent income. The formula on how this is calculated would be too much for this short article. I listed a few very helpful books where you can find all the details.
What's another advantage to invest in commercial real estate? Commercial real estate financing is completely different than financing a single family home. While financing a single family home you are at the mercy of lenders who want to make sure that you are in the position to pay for the house with your personal income. Commercial real estate financing is based in the properties ability to produce positive cash flow and to cover the financing cost.
After reading all these information about commercial real estate you want to go out there and dive into the deals. Not so fast. First, you need to learn as much about real estate as possible. In commercial real estate you're dealing with professionals. If you come across too much as a newbie you will waste these guys's time and your commercial real estate career ended before it actually started. Second, no commercial real estate lender will lend you any money if you can't show at least a little bit of real estate investment experience.
What's the solution to this? Go out there and do one or two single family home deals yourself. It doesn't matter if you make huge profits to start off with. Most newbie investors are losing money on their first deal anyway. If you can manage to show positive cash flow with your single family home deals you are ahead of the pack.
My advice, buy a small single family home in a decent neighborhood and rent it immediately. This will keep your out of the pocket expenses at a minimum and you will have rent income to cover for your monthly expenses. Bonus, you gain experience as an investor and as a landlord.
Here's another observation I made during my real estate investment career. Most people like to analyze, learn, discuss and analyze some more. They never actually got to do a real estate deal. They love to talk about real estate investments, but never did it themselves.
My approach to real estate investment was simple.
- I bought some books about real estate investment.
- I read every single one of them.
- I put together a simple plan on how I want to get started.
- I started looking for properties.
- I bought my first investment property 30 days after I started reading my first book.
- I made positive cash flow with all of my properties so far.
What is my point? You have to go out there and practice what you've learned. The only valid credential in the real estate business is practical experience. Having a couple of deals under your belt, you can go out there and start looking at commercial real estate and even impress seasoned investors with your knowledge. Because you made this experience by yourself and you know what you're talking about.
Book reference for commercial real estate investments:
Gary W. Eldred, PhD: "Make Money with Small Income Properties"
Jack Cummings: "Real Estate Financing and Investment Manual"
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Peter_Dobler


text: OASDI is a tax term that stands for "Old Age Survivors, and Disability Insurance," which is the legal name for the Social Security system in the United States. OASDI is a federal benefit program aimed at providing benefits to retired or disabled people and their survivors. Working taxpayers make payments into the OASDI program, and those payments are then issued […]Read more


text:
Asturias (/æˈstʊəriəs, ə-/,[6][7] Spanish: [asˈtuɾjas]; Asturian: Asturies [asˈtuɾjes; -ɾjɪs]), officially the Principality of Asturias (Spanish: Principado de Asturias; Asturian: Principáu d'Asturies; Galician-Asturian: Principao d'Asturias), is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.
Asturies (Asturian)
|Principado de Asturias (Spanish)
Principáu d'Asturies (Asturian)
Principao d'Asturias (Galician-Asturian)
Hoc signo tuetur pius, Hoc signo vincitur inimicus[1]
("By this sign is the pious safeguarded. By this sign is the enemy conquered.")
|Anthem: Asturias, patria querida (Spanish)
"Asturias, beloved homeland"
|Coordinates: 43°20′N 6°00′W / 43.333°N 6.000°W
|722 (Kingdom of Asturias)
1230 (Comarca of the Asturias of Oviedo)
1833 (Province of Oviedo)
1982 (Autonomous Community)
|Statute of Autonomy
Largest city
|• Type
|Devolved government in a constitutional monarchy
|• Body
|Government of the Principality of Asturias
|• President
|Adrián Barbón (FSA-PSOE)
|• Legislature
|General Junta of the Principality of Asturias
|• Congress of Deputies
|7 Deputies (of 350)
|• Senate
|6 Senators (of 265)
|• Total
|10,604 km2 (4,094 sq mi)
|• Rank
|10th in Spain (2.1%)
|• Total
|• Rank
|14th in Spain (2.4%)
|• Density
|95/km2 (250/sq mi)
asturiano, -na (es)
(nominal; 2018)[3]
|• Total
|€23.3 billion
|• Per capita
|Time zone
|Area code
|+34 985
|ISO 3166 code
|ES-AS (autonomous community)
ES-O (province)
very high · 9th
|Official languages
|Spanish (Asturian has special status[5])
|Patron saint
|Our Lady of Covadonga
It is coextensive with the province of Asturias and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. Divided into eight comarcas (counties), the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east, by León (Castile and León) to the south, by Lugo (Galicia) to the west, and by the Cantabrian sea to the north.
Asturias is situated in a mountainous setting with vast greenery and lush vegetation, making it part of Green Spain. The region has a maritime climate. It receives plenty of annual rainfall and little sunshine by Spanish standards and has very moderated seasons, most often averaging in the lower 20s celsius. Heatwaves are rare due to mountains blocking southerly winds. Winters are very mild for the latitude, especially near sea level.
The most important cities are the communal capital, Oviedo, the seaport and largest city Gijón, and the industrial town of Avilés. Other municipalities in Asturias include Cangas de Onís, Cangas del Narcea, Gozón, Grado, Langreo, Llanera, Laviana, Lena, Llanes, Mieres, Siero, Valdés, Vegadeo and Villaviciosa (see also List of municipalities and comarcas in Asturias).
Asturias is also home of the Princess of Asturias Awards.
History edit
Asturias was inhabited first by Homo erectus then by Neanderthals. Since the Lower Paleolithic era, and during the Upper Paleolithic, Asturias was characterized by cave paintings in the eastern part of the area. In the Mesolithic period, a native culture developed, that of the Asturiense, and later, with the introduction of the Bronze Age, megaliths and tumuli were constructed. In the Iron Age, the territory came under the cultural influence of the Celts; the local Celtic peoples, known as the Astures, were composed of tribes such as the Luggones, the Pesicos, and others, who populated the entire area with castros (fortified hill-towns). Today the Astur Celtic influence persists in place names, such as those of rivers and mountains.
With the conquest of Asturias by the Romans under Augustus (29–19 BC), the region entered into recorded history. The Astures were subdued by the Romans, but were never fully conquered. After several centuries without foreign presence, they enjoyed a brief revival during the Germanic invasions of the late 4th century AD, resisting Suebi and Visigoth raids throughout the 5th century AD, ending with the Moorish invasion of Spain. However, as it had been for the Romans and Visigoths, the Moors did not find mountainous territory easy to conquer, and the lands along Spain's northern coast never became part of Islamic Spain. With the beginning of the Moorish conquest in the 8th century, this region became a refuge for Christian nobles, and in 722, a de facto independent kingdom was established, the Regnum Asturorum, which was to become the cradle of the incipient Reconquista (Reconquest).
In the 10th century, the Kingdom of Asturias gave way to the Kingdom of León, and during the Middle Ages the geographic isolation of the territory made historical references scarce. Through the rebellion of Prince Henry (the later Henry II of Castile) in the 14th century, the Principality of Asturias was established. The most famous proponents of independence were Gonzalo Peláez and Queen Urraca, who, while achieving significant victories, were ultimately defeated by Castilian troops. After its integration into the Kingdom of Spain, Asturias provided the Spanish court with high-ranking aristocrats and played an important role in the colonisation of America. Since 1388, the heir to the Castilian (later Spanish) throne has been styled Prince (or Princess) of Asturias. In the 16th century, the population reached 100,000 for the first time, and within another century that number would double due to the arrival of American corn.
In the 18th century, Asturias was one of the centres of the Spanish Enlightenment. The renowned Galician thinker Benito de Feijóo settled in the Benedictine Monastery of San Vicente de Oviedo. Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, a polymath and prominent reformer and politician of the late 18th century, was born in the seaside town of Gijón.
During the Napoleonic Wars, Asturias was the first Spanish province to rise up against the French following the abdication of King Ferdinand VII on 10 May 1808. Riots began in Oviedo and on 25 May the local government formally declared war on Napoleon with 18,000 men called to arms to resist invasion.[8]
The Industrial Revolution came to Asturias after 1830 with the discovery and systematic exploitation of coal mines and iron factories at the mining basins of Nalón and Caudal. At the same time, there was significant migration to the Americas (especially Argentina, Uruguay, Puerto Rico, Cuba and Mexico); those who succeeded overseas often returned to their native land much wealthier. These entrepreneurs were known collectively as Indianos, for having visited and made their fortunes in the West Indies and beyond. The heritage of these wealthy families can still be seen in Asturias today: the region is dotted with many large modernista villas, as well as cultural institutions such as free schools and public libraries.
Asturias played an important part in the events that led up to the Spanish Civil War. In October 1934 Asturian miners and other workers staged an armed uprising (see Revolution of Asturias) to oppose the coming to power of the right-wing CEDA party, which had obtained three ministerial posts in the centralist government of the Second Spanish Republic. For a month, a Popular Front Committee exercised control in southern Asturias, while local workers committees sprang up elsewhere in the region. A defense committee led by anarcho-syndicalist supporters took power in Oviedo. Troops under the command of a then unknown general named Francisco Franco Bahamonde were brought from Spanish Morocco to suppress the revolt. Franco applied tactics normally reserved for overseas colonies, using troops of the Spanish Legion and Moroccan troops; ferocious oppression followed.
As a result, Asturias remained loyal to the republican government during the Spanish Civil War, and was the scene of an extraordinary defence in extreme terrain, the Battle of El Mazuco. With Franco eventually gaining control of all Spain, Asturias — traditionally linked to the Spanish Crown — was known merely as the "Province of Oviedo" from 1939 until Franco's death in 1975. The province's name was restored fully after the return of democracy to Spain, in 1977. In the 50s and 60s the industrial progress of Asturias continued with the constitution of national enterprises like Ensidesa and Hunosa, but the 80s was the decade of a dramatic industrial restructuring.
On 30 December 1981,[9] Asturias became an autonomous community within the decentralised territorial structure established by the Constitution of 1978. Rafael Luis Fernández Álvarez, who had previously served as the President of the Regional Council since 1978, became the first President of the Principality of Asturias, upon the adoption of autonomy.[9] The Asturian regional government holds comprehensive competencies in important areas such as health, education and protection of the environment. The current president, elected in 2019, is Adrián Barbón (PSOE).
Administrative and territorial division edit
Asturias is organised territorially into 78 municipalities, further subdivided into parishes.
Asturias is also divided into eight comarcas, which are not administrative divisions. They are only used as a system to homogenize the statistical data made by the Principality.
Municipalities of Asturias edit
Largest cities or towns in Asturias
2020 census[10]
|Cangas del Narcea
|San Martín del Rey Aurelio
|Corvera de Asturias
Parishes edit
The parroquia or parish is the subdivision of the Asturian municipalities. Currently, there are 857 parishes integrating the 78 municipalities in the region, and they usually coincide with the ecclesiastic divisions.
Geography and climate edit
The Cantabrian Mountains (Cordillera Cantábrica) form Asturias's natural border with the province of León to the south. In the eastern range, the Picos de Europa National Park contains the highest and arguably most spectacular mountains, rising to 2,648 metres (8,688 ft) at the Torrecerredo peak. Other notable features of this predominantly limestone range are the Parque Natural de Redes in the central east, the central Ubiñas south of Oviedo, and the Parque Natural de Somiedo in the west. The Cantabrian mountains offer opportunities for activities such as climbing, walking, skiing and caving, and extend some 200 kilometres (120 mi) in total, as far as Galicia province to the west of Asturias and Cantabria province to the east. Similar opportunities are available for the traveler of Asturias interested in Caldoveiro Peak.
The Asturian coastline is extensive, with hundreds of beaches, coves and natural sea caves. Notable examples include the Playa del Silencio (Beach of Silence) near the fishing village of Cudillero (west of Gijón), as well as the many beaches surrounding the summer resort of Llanes, such as the Barro, Ballota and Torimbia (the latter a predominantly nudist beach). Most of Asturias's beaches are sandy, clean, and bordered by steep cliffs, on top of which it is not unusual to see grazing livestock.
The key features of Asturian geography are its rugged coastal cliffs and the mountainous interior. The climate of Asturias is heavily marked by the Gulf Stream. Falling within the Cantabrian belt known as Green Spain it has high precipitations all year round. Summers are mild and, on the coast, winters also have relatively benign temperatures, rarely including frost. The cold is especially felt in the mountains, where snow is present from October till May. Both rain and snow are regular weather features of Asturian winters. In coastal or near-coastal areas, daytime high temperatures generally average around 12 °C (54 °F) – 13 °C (55 °F) during winter and 22 °C (72 °F) – 23 °C (73 °F) in summer.[11]
Pollution and Conservation edit
This part of Spain is one of the best conserved in the entire country, and full of vegetation and wild spaces. It holds two of the most important natural parks in Spain, and is very renowned for the Picos de Europa and Somiedo areas.
The Gijón area was marked and singled out as one of the pollution hotspots in Western Europe in a 2015 report from the International Institute for Applied Science Systems, where predictions for 2030 conditions were made.[15][16] Gijón was marked much higher than any other Spanish metro area, in spite of the much larger populations in cities such as Madrid and Barcelona. This was attributed to heavy industrial activities. Since outdoor air pollution is a major cause of premature death in Europe,[17] the excessive pollution is a major concern for Asturias. The majority of Asturias population live within a 25 kilometres (16 mi) range from the port of Gijón, so pollution would be likely to heavily affect the population.
A Spanish government study conducted in 2010 regarding life expectancy in relative communities, Asturias was ranked lowest (tied with Andalucia) for male life expectancy with 76.7 years from 2007 readings.[18] However, female life expectancy was 84 years and normal among autonomous communities. However, even the male life expectancy is only just below Western European standards, and exaggerated by the high Spanish life expectancy. Considering that many Asturians live in relatively close proximity to Gijón's heavily industrial areas, these figures (especially for female relative health) still contribute to a position that Gijón is a safe location to live. The numbers for "disability-free" life expectancy has risen significantly both for males and females in the area since 1986, according to the report.[17]
The coal fired electric generating plant, Aboño, completed a Spanish government/EU demand to install equipment to drastically reduce its emissions. Also, the other two major polluters - Arcelor Gijón and Arcelor Avilés - have announced an investment of 100 million euros to do the same. These factories have been a major cause of the area's high airborne pollution.[citation needed]
Demographics edit
|Source: INE
According to the 2020 census, the region has a population of 1,018,784 which constitutes 2.1% of the population of Spain, with the population density numbering 96 people per square kilometre.
Asturian population has the highest mortality rate in Spain and the lowest total fertility rate (1.03), the lowest in the European Union.[19]
Immigration is not as high as in other Spanish regions as immigrants only represent, according to the 2017 census, 3.65% of population.
Languages edit
The only official language in Asturias is Spanish. The Asturian language, also known as Bable, is also spoken, and is protected by law (Ley 1/1998, de 23 de marzo, de uso y promoción del bable/asturiano — "Law 1/1998, of 23 March, of Use and Promotion of Bable/Asturian"). It is sometimes used by the Asturian civil service. In the western part of Asturias, Eonavian is also spoken, and its promotion also falls under the responsibility of Law 1/1998. Whether Eonavian is a dialect continuum or a variety of Galician language, however, is a subject of debate, and its use in the Asturian Administration is minor compared to the use of the Asturian language. Within Asturias, there is an ongoing process to establish place names in Asturian and Eonavian dialects.
Religion edit
In 2019, the Centre for Sociological Research carried a study showing the population of Asturias was 65.2% Catholic (25.1% practicing), 13.5% agnostic, and 12.8% atheist.[20]
Politics edit
The organisation and political structure of Asturias is governed by the Statute of Autonomy of the Principality of Asturias, in force since 30 January 1982. According to the Statute, the institutional bodies of the Principality of Asturias are three: the Council of Government, the General Junta and President. The form of government of the Principality is Parliament: The General Junta is the legislature to choose, on behalf of the Asturian people, the President of the Principality of Asturias. The President is also the one of the Council of Government, the head of executive power, and politically answerable to the General Junta.
The functions of the General Junta are the approval of budgets, and the direction and control of the action of the Council of Government. It is composed of 45 deputies, elected for four years through the universal suffrage within a system proportional representation that the allocation of deputies is based on D'Hondt method.
Results of the elections to the General Junta edit
|Deputies in General Junta since 1983
|Pedro de Silva (PSOE)
|Juan Luis Rodríguez-Vigil (PSOE)
Antonio Trevín (PSOE)
|Sergio Marqués (PP / URAS)
|Vicente Álvarez Areces (PSOE)
|Francisco Álvarez-Cascos (FAC)
|Javier Fernández (PSOE)
|Adrián Barbón (PSOE)
Economy edit
For centuries, the backbone of the Asturian economy was agriculture and fishing. Milk production and its derivatives was also traditional, but its big development was a byproduct of the economic expansion of the late 1960s. Nowadays, products from the dairy cooperative Central Lechera Asturiana are being commercialised all over Spain.
The main regional industry in modern times, however, was coal mining and steel production: in the times of Francisco Franco's dictatorship, it was the centre of Spain's steel industry. The then state-owned ENSIDESA steel company is now part of the privatised Aceralia, now part of the ArcelorMittal Group. The industry created many jobs, which resulted in significant migration from other regions in Spain, mainly Extremadura, Andalusia and Castile and León.
The steel industry is now in decline when measured in terms of number of jobs provided, as is the mining. The reasons for the latter are mainly the high costs of production to extract the coal compared to other regions. Regional economic growth is below the broader Spanish rate, though in recent years growth in service industries has helped reduce Asturias's high rate of unemployment. Large out-of-town retail parks have opened near the region's largest cities (Gijón and Oviedo), whilst the ever-present Spanish construction industry appears to continue to thrive.
Asturias has benefited extensively since 1986 from European Union investment in roads and other essential infrastructure, though there has also been some controversy regarding how these funds are spent, for example, on miners' pensions.
The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the autonomous community was 23.3 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 1.9% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 24,400 euros or 81% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 98% of the EU average.[21] This makes the region the 10th richest in Spain, a big decrease from the 1970s/1980s - the heyday of the Spanish mining industry, when Asturias was commonly regarded as one of the most prosperous regions in Southern Europe. Asturias has been growing below the Spanish national average since the decline of the mining industry, and grew just 0.82% in 2008, the lowest of all regions in Spain. On the plus side, unemployment in Asturias is below the average of Spain; it stood at 13.7% in 2017.[22]
|Unemployment rate
Transportation edit
Air edit
Asturias is served by Asturias International Airport (OVD), 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Oviedo, near the northwest coast and the industrial town of Avilés.
- Several national carriers link Asturias to Madrid and Barcelona, Alicante, Paris and others.
Eastern Asturias is also easily accessible from Santander Airport. Recent improvements introduced in the road network permit flying into Santander and later driving into Asturias, which can be entered in less than an hour's drive. The Irish airline Ryanair operates flights to Santander Airport from Frankfurt Hahn, Liverpool, Dublin, Edinburgh, London Stansted and Rome Ciampino.
Sea edit
El Musel (the Port of Gijón) is able to receive cruise ships of any size. Companies such as P&O, Swan Hellenic or Hapag Lloyd choose the Port of Gijón every year for their calls in the Atlantic European Coast. The following areas are available for cruise vessels:
- Moliner quay: 313 m berthing with 14 m draught.
- 7ª Alignment: 326 m with 12 m draught.
- Espigón II. South alignment. 360 m berth with 9 m draught.
These locations allow a high degree of access control, with security guaranteed for both vessels and passengers alike. The city centre is only 4 km (2.5 mi) away and the Port Authority provides dedicated coach connection allowing passengers to take advantage of the cultural, gastronomic and commercial opportunities that Gijón has to offer.
Between 2010 and 2014, the city of Gijón was connected by ferry with the French city of Nantes.[23] This connection was also known as the "sea highway" and it had a frequency of two ferries per day in both directions. The route was cancelled in September 2014.[24]
Train edit
Spain's national Renfe rail network also serves Asturias well; trains regularly depart to and from the Spanish interior. Major stops are the regional capital, Oviedo, and the main coastal city, Gijón. Meanwhile, the Renfe Feve rail company links the centre of the region with Eastern and Western Asturias. Under the Cantabrian Mountains, the Pajares Base Tunnel opened for commercial services end of November 2023,[25] introducing AVE high speed trains.[26][27]
Bus edit
There is also a comprehensive bus service run by the ALSA company. It links Avilés, Gijón, Oviedo and Mieres with Madrid and other major towns, several times a day. These include services to Barcelona, Salamanca, León, Valladolid, A Coruña, Bilbao, Seville, San Sebastián, Paris, Brussels and Nice, to name just a few.
Main sights edit
Key attractions edit
Oviedo is the capital city of Asturias and contains Santa María del Naranco and San Miguel de Lillo, a pre-Romanesque church and a palace respectively, which were built by the first Asturian kings on Mount Naranco, to the north of the city (World Heritage Site). In modern architecture, the Palacio de Congresos de Oviedo (or Modoo) was designed by Santiago Calatrava.
Gijón, the biggest city of Asturias, is a coastal city known for cultural and sports events,[28][29][30] and a beach tourism centre in northern Spain. It also is known for the traditional Asturian gastronomy and for being an Asturian cider production spot.[citation needed] Museums in the city include the Universidad Laboral de Gijón, including a modern art museum and theatre.
Avilés is the third largest city in Asturias, where "La villa del adelantado" (as locals call it, in reference of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés) is a meeting point. "Saint Nicholas of Bari" or "Capilla de los Alas" in Romanesque and Romanesque-Gothic style, respectively; Palacio de Balsera, in Modernist style or St. Thomas of Canterbury church (dating from the 13th century) are examples which show the historical patrimony to be found in the city.[citation needed] The Centro Niemeyer, designed by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer, is an example of contemporary architecture in Asturias.
The Picos de Europa National Park, and other parts of the Asturian mountain range: The Picu Urriellu mountain (2519 m or 8262 ft), also known as El Naranjo de Bulnes, is a molar-shaped peak which, reputedly, glows orange in the evening sun, hence its name. Weather permitting, it can be viewed from Camarmeña village, near Poncebos, south of Arenas de Cabrales.
The shrine to the Virgin of Covadonga and the mountain lakes (Los Lagos), near Cangas de Onís: Legend has it that in the 8th century, the Virgin blessed Asturian Christian forces with a well-timed signal to attack Spain's Moorish conquerors, thereby taking the invaders by surprise in the Battle of Covadonga. The Reconquista and eventual unification of all Spain is therefore said to have started in this very location.[31]
The paleolithic art in the caves of Asturias is a declared World Heritage Site with the Paleolithic Art of Northern Spain.
Asturias also has examples of industrial heritage as a consequence of its industrial activities in the 19th and 20th centuries. It had metallurgical and chemical factories, mines, bridges and railways, including in the towns of Langreo, Mieres and Avilés.
The Asturian coast: especially the beaches in and around the summer resort of Llanes, the Playa del Silencio near Cudillero fishing village, or the "white" village of Luarca (Severo Ochoa hometown).
Other places of interest edit
- Ceceda village: east of Oviedo along the N634 road. Of particular interest in this exemplary settlement are the traditional horreos (grain silos), raised on stilts so as to keep field mice from getting at the grain.
- The Dobra River: south of Cangas de Onís, known for its unusual colour.
- The senda costera (coastal way) between Pendueles and Llanes: This partly paved nature route takes in some of Asturias' most spectacular coastal scenery, such as the noisy bufones (blowholes) and the Playa de Ballota.
- Caldoveiro Peak, a scenic mountain hiking area
- The unusual rock formation on the beach at Buelna village: east of Llanes. Best viewed at low tide.
Culture edit
Architecture edit
Asturias has a rich artistic legacy that emphasizes Romanesque (Asturias Arts) indigenous architecture with monuments like Santa María del Naranco, Santa Cristina de Lena and San Miguel de Lillo. These monuments have a Ramirense Romanesque style (due to Ramiro I) or San Julián de los Prados, known as Santullano (Oviedo) of the Alfonsino pre-Romanesque style (due to Alfonso II), which are all in Oviedo. Other examples of architecture are Villaviciosa's church, San Salvador de Valdediós (commonly known by the Asturians as "Conventín"), and the church of San Salvador de Priesca. Another example is Cabranes' San Julian de Viñón.
The Romanesque style is very present, since all Asturias is crossed by one of the Camino de Santiago routes, which highlights the Monastery of San Pedro de Villanueva (near Cangas de Onis), the churches of San Esteban de Aramil (Siero), San Juan de Amandi (Villaviciosa) and Santa María de Junco (Ribadesella).
The Gothic style is not as abundant, but there are good examples of this style, such as the Cathedral of San Salvador in Oviedo.
The Baroque style is more present by means of palace architecture, with such notable examples as the Palace of Camposagrado and Velarde - the latter seat of Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias. The Baroque style stands out in public civil engineering and bridge tolls (Olloniego); the milestones, the chairs or seats present along the road to Madrid and the resort of Caldas de Priorio (Oviedo) building.
In 1985, the UNESCO declared the pre-Romanesque monuments and the Cathedral of Oviedo as World Heritage Sites.
In popular architecture, the traditional granaries in Asturias, called hórreos, are known for their demographic extension and their functional evolution, its basic characteristic being its mobility: it can be easily dismounted and transported to another location. The Panera is the evolution of the hórreo, with examples exceeding 100 square metres (1,076 square feet) of area covered. The purpose of the horreo is to store objects and crops. With the arrival of maize and the beans, they were endowed with exterior corridors and railings for drying the harvests.
Asturias is home to the only architectural work in Spain (as well as the largest in Europe) of the Brazilian architect and disciple of Le Corbusier; Oscar Niemeyer: the Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre. The architectural project was donated to the Principality by the architect, who was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts, in the XXV edition of these awards. Niemeyer's project combined several different elements, and projected an open space, a place for education, culture and peace.
In the capital of the Principality stands one of the most representative buildings of modern architecture, the Palace of Congresses of Oviedo, by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, who also awarded the Prince of Asturias of Award for the Arts in 1999.
Special importance has been placed in recent years on the recovery of industrial heritage through various routes and industrial museums, especially in the central area of the region.
Festivals and holidays edit
Some of the most famous festivals in Asturias take place in the small town of Llanes. These festivals celebrate the important saints and the Virgin Mary adored by the town. The associations that prepare the festivals have a rivalry between them and each year they try to outdo each other with more impressive shows. The three most important are the festival of San Roque (St. Roque) held on the 16th of August, the festival of Nuestra Señora Virgen de La Guia (Our Lady, Virgin Mary, the Guide) held on the 8th of September, and the festival of Santa Maria Magdalena (St. Mary Magdalene) held on the 22nd of July. The Magdalena is well known for its march of logs where boys as young as 3 and men carry logs through the town until they reach the end point and start a large bonfire.
Food and drink edit
While Asturias is especially known for its seafood, the most famous regional dish is fabada asturiana, a rich stew typically made with large white beans (fabes), shoulder of pork (lacón), black pudding (morcilla), and spicy sausage (chorizo).
Apple groves foster the production of the region's traditional alcoholic drink, a natural cider (sidra). Since it is natural and bottled without gas, it produces a weak carbonation, and when Asturian cider is served, it is poured in a particular way, el escanciado: the bottle is held above the head allowing for a long vertical pour, causing the cider to be aerated as it splashes into the glass below. After drinking most of the content, it is customary to splash a little out onto the ground, as a way to clean the glass of any lees for the next serving. Traditionally, the same glass is refilled and passed around, with everyone drinking from it in turn.
Asturian cheeses, especially Cabrales, are also eaten throughout Spain and beyond; Asturias is often called "the land of cheeses" (el país de los quesos).
Sport edit
Asturias has two main football teams: Sporting de Gijón and Real Oviedo, which have played over 35 seasons in La Liga. Other current notable sports teams are Oviedo CB (basketball) and AB Gijón Jovellanos (handball).
Racing driver Fernando Alonso is a two-time Formula One world champion, two-time Le Mans winner and FIA World Endurance winner. He races with Asturias' flag colours on his helmet. Cyclist Samuel Sánchez won a gold at the Olympic games. Football players from Asturias include World Cup winner David Villa as well as Quini, Luis Enrique, Juan Manuel Mata, and Santiago Cazorla, among others.
Literature edit
These are some notable people of Asturian Literature:
- Antón de Marirreguera (17th century)
- Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (1744–1811)
- Ramón de Campoamor (1817–1901)
- Leopoldo Alas, "Clarín" (1851–1901)
- Armando Palacio Valdés (1853–1938)
- Ramón Pérez de Ayala (1880–1962)
- Alfonso Camín (1890–1982)
- Alejandro Casona (1903–1965)
- Carlos Bousoño (1923-2015)
- Ángel González (1925–2008)
- Corín Tellado (1927–2009)
- Gonzalo Suárez (1934)
- Rafael Reig (1963)
- Aurelio González Ovies (1964)
- Xuan Bello (1965)
- Jorge Moreno (1973)
Music edit
The music of Asturias is varied. The most characteristic instrument in traditional music is the Asturian bagpipe, or Gaita asturiana, which has a single drone, in common with the traditional bagpipes of other Celtic nations such as Wales and Ireland.[32][33] The bagpipe is often accompanied by the hand drum, whistles and accordion.
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional folk music, and several music ensembles have gained regional and international recognition for their ethnomusicological study and presentation of indigenous Asturian music. Notable examples include traditional pipers such as Xuacu Amieva and Tejedor and fusionist José Ángel Hevia (whose music video[34] provides views of both the gaita and the Asturian landscape), and the groups Llan de Cubel, Xera, Nuberu and Felpeyu.[35][36][37] Additionally, numerous rock, ska and heavy metal groups have also found relative success within Asturias, many of which incorporate elements of traditional Asturian music into their sound.[38]
Anthem edit
The Asturian anthem Asturias, patria querida (Asturias, beloved fatherland), which was a popular song adopted as the region's anthem and formalised by Ley 1/1984, de 27 de Abríl.
Orquesta Sinfónica del Principado de Asturias edit
The Orquesta Sinfónica del Principado de Asturias is the premier orchestra in the Principality of Asturias.[39] It is based in the Auditorio Príncipe Felipe in Oviedo, but also performs in the main concert venues in Gijón and Avilés. Rossen Milanov is the Music Director.[40]
Other edit
Asturias is also the name of the fifth movement of the Suite Española, Op. 47 by Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz. Nevertheless, the music has little in common with the region's own folklore. Another famous piece of classical music more authentically inspired by the Asturian musical heritage is Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Capriccio Espagnol, which prominently features a theme from an alborada, a dance tune traditionally played to celebrate the rising of the sun.
Notable people edit
- Luis Enrique Martínez García, former FC Barcelona captain and manager. he has also been the manager of Spain national football team since July 9, 2018.
- Juan Carreño de Miranda, court painter
- Fernando Alonso, Formula One racing driver, 2005 and 2006 world champion
- Leopoldo Alas "Clarín", 19th-century author of La Regenta, a seminal work in the Spanish literary canon
- Armando Palacio Valdés, 19th and 20th-century novelist and critic
- Francisco Álvarez Cascos, minister in Spain's government 1996–2000 and 2000–2004
- Santi Cazorla, Arsenal and Spain international football player, European Champion 2008 and 2012
- Torcuato Fernández-Miranda, key lawmaker during the Spanish transition to democracy
- Ángel González, major Spanish poet of the 20th century.
- Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, philosopher, politician, Enlightenment thinker
- Pedro Rodríguez de Campomanes, statesman, economist, and Enlightenment writer
- Agustín Argüelles, liberal politician
- Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Spanish explorer and founder of Saint Augustine, Florida
- Gonzalo Méndez de Canço, governor of the Spanish Florida (1596-1603).
- Queen Letizia of Spain, a native of Oviedo and wife of Felipe VI, King of Spain
- Severo Ochoa, 1959 Nobel Prize winner for physiology or medicine
- Rafael del Riego, general and liberal politician
- Carmen Polo, wife of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco
- Chechu Rubiera, cyclist
- Victor Manuel, Spanish singer-songwriter
- José Andrés, chef
- Amalia Ulman, artist
- David Villa, New York City FC and Spain international football star, European Champion 2008, World Champion 2010
- Juan Manuel Mata, Manchester United F.C. player, Spain international football star, World Champion 2010 and European Champion 2012
- Michu, former Swansea City and Rayo Vallecano player
- Xaviel Vilareyo, national poet, writer and musician
- Samuel Sánchez, cyclist, Olympic gold medalist
- Melendi, is a Spanish pop singer-songwriter
- Pablo Carreño, professional tennis player
- Margarita Salas, scientist
- Miguel Díaz-Canel, President of Cuba
Pelagius, first king of Asturias
José Andrés, famous chef
Queen Letizia, current Queen consort of Spain
Fernando Alonso
Events edit
- Princess of Asturias Awards
- Asturian Revolution (Asturian History)
- Gijón International Film Festival (Entertainment)
- Avilés International Cinema and Architecture Festival (Entertainment)
See also edit
- Arama 36/37: Association for the Recovery of Asturian Military Architecture 1936–1937
- Asturian architecture between the years 711 to 925
- Asturian mythology
- Asturcón pony
- Asturian cinema
- Churches in Asturias
- List of oldest church buildings
References edit
- ^ "BOLETÍN Oficial del Principado de Asturias y de la Provincia" [Official Bulletin of the Principality of Asturias and the Province] (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 1479.
- ^ "Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero" (in Spanish). National Statistics Institute. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 31% to 626% of the EU average in 2017". ec.europa.eu.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
- ^ The legislation of the Principality of Asturias recognizes the existence of Asturian, committing, in addition, to the promotion of its use, dissemination and teaching: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (PDF).
- ^ "Asturias - Definition of Asturias in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries - English. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017.
- ^ "Definition of ASTURIAS". www.merriam-webster.com.
- ^ Oman, Charles (1902). A History of the Peninsular War. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 65.
- ^ a b "Fallece Rafael Fernández". La Voz de Asturias. 2010-12-18. Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- ^ "Asturias: población por municipios y sexo". Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ "Standard climate values for Oviedo". Agencia Estatal de Meteorología. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
- ^ "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010)". AEMET (in Spanish). 2010. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Asturias / Gijon". AEMET (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Asturias Aeropuerto". AEMET. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Noack, Rick (23 February 2015). "Map: These will be the Europe's most polluted cities in 2030". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ^ Kiesewetter, G.; Borken-Kleefeld, J.; Schöpp, W.; Heyes, C.; Thunis, P.; Bessagnet, B.; Terrenoire, E.; Fagerli, H.; Nyiri, A.; Amann, M. (13 February 2015). "Modelling Street Level PM10 Concentrations Across Europe: source apportionment and possible futures" (PDF). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. International Institute for Applied Science Systems. 15 (3): 1539–1553. Bibcode:2015ACP....15.1539K. doi:10.5194/acp-15-1539-2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ^ a b "Clean Air - Environment". European Commission. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ^ Alfaro, Mercedes (2010). Regidor, Enrique; Gutiérrez-Fisac, Juan L.; Guevara, David; Jiménez, Antonio José; Tejeda, María Pilar (eds.). "Healthy life expectancies in Spain 1986-2007. Disability-free life expectancy and Life expectancy in good perceived health in Spain and its Autonomous Communities" (PDF). Ministry of Health, Social Policy and Equality. Government of Spain. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ^ "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table". Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- ^ Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research) (October 2019). "Macrobarómetro de octubre 2019, Banco de datos - Document 'Población con derecho a voto en elecciones generales y residente en España, Principado de Asturias (aut.)" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 21. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
- ^ "Regional Unemployment by NUTS2 Region". Eurostat.
- ^ "Inaugurada en Gijón la primera autopista del mar española". La Nueva España (in Spanish). Prensa Ibérica. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ "'Au revoir' a Francia por mar". El Comercio (Spain) (in Spanish). Grupo Vocento. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ^ "The AVE arrives in Asturias, 9 ministers later, 13 years late and at a cost of 80 million per kilometer - Kiratas". 2023-10-21. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
- ^ "El Gobierno confirma que la Variante para pasajeros y mercancías abrirá en mayo de 2023". Leonoticias (in Spanish). 23 June 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ "Primer tren de pruebas en la Variante de Pajares tras 17 años de obra y 3.716 millones". La Nueva Crónica (in Spanish). 17 September 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
- ^ SNwebadmin. "Semana Negra de Gijón". Semana Negra (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-11.
- ^ "Festival Metrópoli Gijón - Festival de música, cultura y entretenimiento de Gijón". Festival Metrópoli Gijón - Festival de música, cultura y entretenimiento de Gijón. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
- ^ "Gijon | General | ATP Tour | Tenis". ATP Tour. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
- ^ Covadonga, la batalla que cambió la historia de España (in Spanish), 2022-05-27, retrieved 2022-08-11
- ^ "Practical guide to making pibgyrn by Gerard KilBride". Pibgyrn.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ Sergio y Pablo Arce. "La Gaita Asturiana". Asturies.com. Archived from the original on 2010-04-20. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "Hevia - Busindre Reel (High Quality)". YouTube. 2009-06-03. Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- ^ "FolkWorld Article: Llan de Cubel". Folkworld.de. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ cranky crow (2003-09-14). "Celtic music of Spain". World Music Central. Archived from the original on 2009-06-30. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "CITYFOLK MONTHLY - June 2006". Cityfolk.org. Archived from the original on 2010-12-06. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "Asturshop". Asturshop. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "Inicio - Orquesta Sinfónica del Principado de Asturias". Ospa.es. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
- ^ Elaine Schmidt. "Rossen Milanov". Rossenmilanov.net. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
Bibliography edit
- Bowen-Jones, H. and W.B. Fisher. Spain: An Introductory Geography. New York: Praeger, 1966.
- Dresner, Denise, ed. Guide to the World. Phoenix: Oryx Press, 1998. S.v. "Asturias"
- Encyclopedia Americana. Danbury: Grolier, 2002. S.v. "Asturias"
- Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1997. S.v. "Asturias"


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The moment you step inside waiters and cooks behind the busy counter exclaim in unison "Irrashaimase!", thus welcoming you with typical Japanese hospitality. There is no better place to get authentic quintessential Japanese experience and unwind with finger-licking food than izakaya (literally "drinking place") – ubiquitous eatery in Japan largely frequented by locals. Similar to pubs in UK or bars in the USA, Japanese izakayas are where young people start their nights out, salarymen in suits gather on their way home, and students take a break to grab a cheap meal and drink. The atmosphere is anything but pretentious. It's loud. It's delicious. It's fun. Food is freshly grilled to order and glasses of sake, draft beer or whiskey are refilled with the speed of light. Once inside and comfortably seated grab a glass of drink and then peruse the menu. There are izakayas that have just a few house specialties – some prize themselves for their raw chicken eats, others are famous for horse meat sashimi or fugu milt (fish sperm). As much as I like to experiment with things I eat I personally am very picky with my raw food choices, so I just love me some scrumptious sizzling yakitori (grilled meat on skewers), chicken wings and whatever else catches my eye on the menu. Portions are small, just like Spanish tapas, which grants a perfect excuse for ordering a lot of items on the menu to get a better taste of casual Japanese eats. It's such a great way to to enjoy a beer and yarn with friends over some delicious savory nibbles. Most Tokyo izakayas open their doors in the late afternoon, around 5 P.M..
While there is no such thing as the best izakaya in Tokyo, there are plenty of great places in the capital where you can randomly pick and choose one that lures you inside. Here is my list of the best places where you can find great izakayas in Tokyo.
Golden Gai in Kabukicho Red Light District, Shinjuku
My personal favorite and probably a bit controversial of them all is a secluded area in Shinjuku's red light district seeded with tiny bars. Each and every of them has a character of its own, with retro ambiance of the Showa times. Some would hardly accommodate four people.
Yurakucho, Ginza
Hidden underneath the railroad tracks right in between the Yurakucho and Shimbashi stations in Tokyo's central Chiyoda Ward you'll find a very neat alley of quaint restaurants, ramen bars and eateries. They serve regional specialties from all over the country, including areas such as Hokkaido, Tohoku, Shizuoka, and Kyushu. It's a great place to savor flavors and ingredients rarely tasted or seen elsewhere in Tokyo.
Omeido Yokocho, or a Memory Lane, Shinjuku
Also refered to as Piss Alley (appetizing, I know) is another alley with a ramshackle collection of tiny bars and eateries. Omoide Yokocho started just after WWII in the late 1940s, early 1950s, and you can see the burns and similar damage visible on the walls of many izakayas caused by frequent fires over the decades. You'll find everything from yakitori joints to cafés and soba eateries lined up.
Nonbei Yokocho, or Drunkard's Alley, Shibuya
Conveniently located right by bustling Shibuya Station Nonbei is known as one of the coolest yokochos in Tokyo. Some of the yakitori shops have been here since 1950s and can transport you back in time with their olde worlde ambiance. Not all izakayas are tourist-friendly and offer English menus. But if you feel brave enough ask for the chef's osusume (recommendation). In a way that's part of the fun to randomly order and taste something unique and new while also getting a glimpse into the drinking and social scene of Japanese culture.
Have you been to any of the Japanese izakayas? What was the most memorable thing that you ordered?
xoxo, nano
Let's connect on Instagram | Twitter | Facebook | BlogLovin'


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Friday, September 14, 2012
It's your lucky day!
5 comments:
Congratulations, ladies! Marmalade is a beauty!ReplyDelete
Oh I am currently working on a Marmalade Great Granny Squares Quilt and am loving it. Have just purchased your 2hr table topper patterns too, thank you. hugsReplyDelete
Oh what lucky winners!! congrats!!ReplyDelete
Hooray! Thanks so much Bonnie! I am so happy today to have IN MY POSSESSION - ONE lovely Marmalade Layer Cake!! Woo Hoo!!! (I actually SAID that when I opened the package!) It is just beautiful fabric - and I'll use it all up making some really yummy cute stuff :) Thank you again! Have a great weekend and enjoy the beautiful Idaho weather!ReplyDelete
Hi there, I just discovered your blog and love your new collection of fabric - I'll definitely be keeping an eye out for it in my local craft shops! Hopefully it will make its way to Australia soon.ReplyDelete


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Bring your vlogging to the next level
Professional-looking vlogs are easy with the ZV-E10, thanks to a convenient, articulating LCD screen, built-in stereo microphone, and interchangeable lenses that capture the world however you choose to see it.
Wide and dynamic footage
With a wide-angle lens it's easy to capture dynamic footage, spotlighting both you and your location when you're taking selfies. Capture more of the city or the natural backdrop, and bring your viewers along with you in a shared experience.
Attention-grabbing background
A fixed-focal-length lens makes it easy to shoot a vlog that grabs the viewer's attention. This type of lens creates a smooth, natural background blur that lets the subject stand out. It's also useful when you want a brighter image in a dimly lit setting.
Super close-ups highlight the details
Unlike other types of lenses, a macro lens can get you closer to your subject, allowing you to capture the small details at a bigger size than with normal lenses. Whether it's an accessory you're wearing or a meal you're preparing, a macro lens can pull in very close to your subject and show off every glorious detail.
Far-away action
With a telephoto lens, you can shoot far-off objects, scenery or action with clear detail, whether you're vlogging while travelling or just shooting everyday life. Zooming in and out can also add an extra dynamic element to your story.
Expand your vlogging with over 60 lenses
Sony's lens lineup can add an extra dimension to the vlogs you make with the ZV-E10. Sony offers more than 60 lenses that are ideally designed for Sony cameras, including lenses that are tailored to moviemaking. Select from a unique lineup of lenses, and explore your powers of self-expression.
One-touch control of background blurring
There's no need for complicated manual adjustments—just press a single button to turn background blurring (bokeh) on and off. Select "Defocus" for a professional-looking blurred background to draw attention to the main subject, or "Clear" to show the entire scene in sharp focus.
Add drama with slow and quick motion
With the ZV-E10's Still/Movie/S&Q button, you can easily access S&Q mode to shoot slow-motion video at a speed 4x slower than real time . Or, by changing the setting, you can shoot quick motion up to 60x faster. These can be shot without post-editing on a PC, with clear Full-HD quality.
Ideal for product-review videos
Eliminate the frustration of recording product review videos. When the Product Showcase Setting is activated, the camera will quickly and automatically shift focus from your face to a product held in front of the camera, without the need to place your hand behind the product to shift the focus to it.
High-quality video even when you're moving
The ZV-E10's image-stabilization system can shoot smooth, clean video footage even when you're walking. Another feature, Face Priority Auto Exposure (AE), will automatically brighten the lighting of your face. Even when you're walking, it automatically detects your face and makes adjustments to keep it brightly lit as you move from indoors to outdoors, through light or shadow.
Automatic, precise focus
Without any settings, the ZV-E10 can automatically track your face and eyes to keep a steady focus without wandering off onto other subjects. When you do want to shift focus, just touch the LCD monitor and the camera will track the subject you choose with AI-enabled Real-time Tracking.
Smooth, professional focus transition
With the ZV-E10, focus speed can be customized to fit the mood, for a more impressive look. The camera lets you choose from seven different speeds, from a quick transition to a more leisurely one. Watch the video below for inspiration on its use.
The larger sensor makes a difference in quality
The ZV-E10's impressive images are the result of the camera's large APS-C-sized image sensor—the same kind found in cameras all the way up to professional cinema models. The sensor is more than 10 times larger than ones you would find in a typical smartphone, so it collects far more light and more image data, in order to create beautiful images and evocative bokeh effects.
Clean footage in dim lighting
Even when you're shooting in poorly lit settings, the ZV-E10 delivers beautifully detailed images with minimal noise. Once again, it's all thanks to the large size of the camera's image sensor, which maximizes light collection. The result is clear, clean images even when shooting indoors with dim lighting or outdoors at night.
Sensor: APS-C
Video Resolution: 4K
Continuous Shooting Speed: 11fps
Auto Focus Points: 425
Lens Mount: Sony E
Shutter Speed: 30sec - 1/4,000sec
ISO Sensitivity: 100 - 32,000
Screen Size: 3.0"
Recording Media: SD/SDHC/SDXC, Memory Stick PRO Duo
Frame Rate: 120fps
Audio Inputs: 3.5mm stereo minijack
Dimensions: 11.5x6.4x4.4cm
Weight: 343g
What's In The Box
Body cap
NP-FW50 battery
USB charger
USB-A to USB-C cable
Accessory shoe cap
Microphone windscreen
Shoulder strap


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Maison et objet 2018: a big interior design inspiration! For those who are trying to finish an interior design project and are trying to get inspired the best choice is to visit Maison et Objet 2018.
SEE ALSO: Maison et Objet 2018: Design Trends on the Radar
In this market trends, you will see the best interior design trends with the best luxury brands in the world. So, the best interior design tips are too in M&M2018 because of the variety of furniture and the home decor objects that will found exposed.
For those that have a design project with a natural and cosmopolitan inspiration, we advise you to visit the Brabbu brand stand. This brand is able to complete a home decor, to make a complete home decor and to give general decorating ideas because of it's own modern interior design that is versatile and able to be adapted according to your needs! So, if you are following the colour trends, generally shared by Pantone, every single day, Brabbu is ready to transform it's own original colours to the ones you want.
Decorating tips: if your interior design asks for a pure natural centre table we advise you to choose LATZA centre table! Why? Because: the pyramid of stones on the shore of Lake Baikal, known as Latza, inspired our designers to create this centre table. Featuring a top in walnut root veneer with a matte varnish and details in matte hammered brushed aged brass, this side table is sure to impress, representing the nature in its pure stadium.
SEE ALSO: BRABBU's Projects That Will Give You Major Interior Design Inspiration
> What do you think about this article? Please, leave your comment below. If you want to be up to date with the best news about trends, and luxury furniture brands, you must follow us and keep on hold of the latest and the most exclusive Modern Tables. Follow our Pinterest for more inspirations!


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Taxation Determination
Income tax: when does providing an item of property constitute the provision of entertainment within the meaning of subsection 32-10(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997?
Please note that the PDF version is the authorised consolidated version of this ruling and amending notices.This document has changed over time. View its history.
FOI status:may be releasedFOI number: I 1217544
This Determination, to the extent that it is capable of being a 'public ruling' in terms of Part IVAAA of the
Taxation Administration Act 1953
is a public ruling for the purposes of that Part. Taxation Ruling TR 92/1 explains when a Determination is a public ruling and how it is binding on the Commissioner. Unless otherwise stated, this Determination applies to years commencing both before and after its date of issue. However, this Determination does not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of a settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of the Determination (see paragraphs 21 and 22 of Taxation Ruling TR 92/20).
[ Note: This is a consolidated version of this document. Refer to the ATO Legal Database (http://law.ato.gov.au) to check its currency and to view the details of all changes.]
1. Entertainment is defined in subsection 32-10(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) to mean:
- (a)
- entertainment by way of food, drink or *recreation; or
- (b)
- accommodation or travel to do with providing entertainment by way of food or drink or recreation.
- (*recreation is defined in section 995-1 of ITAA 1997 as including amusement, sport or similar leisure-time pursuits.)
2. In determining whether providing an item of property constitutes the provision of entertainment, regard should be had to all the circumstances of the case. In particular, regard should be given to the character of the entertainment to be derived from the item of property provided. This character is distinct from the property itself and relates to the immediate and active use of the property.
3. In practice, the provision of entertainment can be determined by reference to the following characteristics:
- -
- entertainment occurs soon after provision of the item of property;
- -
- the usefulness of the item of property expires after consumption; or
- -
- the item of property is returned at the completion of use. * Direct Connection
- There should be a direct connection between the item of property and the entertainment:
- -
- the entertainment should arise from the use of the item of property;
- -
- the entertainment is the expected outcome of the provision of the property.
Example 1 Costs incurred in the giving of items of property, such as bottled spirits, groceries, games, TV sets, VCRs, computers, crockery, swimming pools, gardening equipment, etc; have an enduring character, and only an indirect nexus to any immediate entertainment. Consumption is usually delayed. The items of property usually require further steps before they can be consumed, and consumption can occur over a long period.Hence, these items of property do not generally constitute provision of entertainment.
Example 2 Costs incurred in providing glasses of champagne, hot meals, theatre tickets, holiday accommodation, hired entertainers, and hired sporting equipment, have a dynamic and immediate character. Consumption can usually occur immediately. These items of property do not last beyond initial consumption (or are to be returned at the end of the hire period).Hence, these items of property would generally constitute provision of entertainment.
Commissioner of Taxation
Previously issued as Draft TD 94/D34
ATO references:
NO NAT 93/5706-8, FBT Cell 30/88
Related Rulings/Determinations:
Subject References:
Legislative References:
|16 June 1994
|Original ruling
|You are here
|31 August 2011
|Consolidated ruling


text:
How can I redirect the output of multiple commands at once?
Redirecting the standard output of a single command is as easy as:
date > file
To redirect standard error:
date 2> file
To redirect both:
date > file 2>&1
or, a fancier way:
# Bash only. Equivalent to date > file 2>&1 but non-portable. date &> file
Redirecting an entire loop:
for i in $list; do echo "Now processing $i" # more stuff here... done > file 2>&1
However, this can become tedious if the output of many programs should be redirected. If all output of a script should go into a file (e.g. a log file), the exec command can be used:
# redirect both standard output and standard error to "log.txt" exec > log.txt 2>&1 # all output including stderr now goes into "log.txt"
Otherwise, command grouping helps:
{ date # some other commands echo done } > messages.log 2>&1
In this example, the output of all commands within the curly braces is redirected to the file messages.log.
In-depth: Illustrated Tutorial


text:
Monday 11 February 2013
23 comments:
I hate to say it, but I am a little tired of the constant cold myself. I would love a long long spring, a very short summer and a wonderfully warm and wet fall.ReplyDelete
Bert's My Vickie
WE can't wait fur SPRING either!!! We are already of ROBIN Watch... none so far... butt Soon...ReplyDelete
Gorgeous pic!ReplyDelete
What a perfect photo!!! It will be 68F/20C on Friday here in Houston, Texas but I sure don't welcome our summer heat! Max sure will though...he's still in "turn on the electric blanket Ma" mode :)ReplyDelete
We agree with you. Since mid-December we've had rain, snow, fog, frost, clouds, a splash of sun, rain, sleet, rain....ReplyDelete
OK as much as I like the snow I am READY for Spring.ReplyDelete
We have a long ways to goReplyDelete
Stop on by for a visit
Ick we want summer too!!!ReplyDelete
Now is da time of year when we gets a little tired of da cold and snow too. Spring can't come soon enough fur our mom either!ReplyDelete
Woofs and Licks,
Maggie Mae and Max
Ahhhh, we're so ready for autumn...and cooler weather.ReplyDelete
XXXOOO Daisy, Bella & Roxy
Smile With Your Tail....ReplyDelete
Here is a song to help bring some cheer....
Oh Mr. Sun. Sun. Mr. golden sun. Please shine down on me.
Oh Mr. Sun. Sun. Mr. golden sun. Hiding behind a tree.
These little children are asking you. To please come out so we can play with you.
Oh Mr. Sun. Sun. Mr. golden sun. Please shine down on me.
Oh Mr. Sun. Sun. Mr. golden sun. Please shine down on me.
Love, Raelyn.... Plus Rose, my BEAUTIFULLY UNIQUE "Mystery Dog"!!
Yup, I remember summer. I've been thinking about it lately, to be sure...I even wore my "beach vacation" perfume today!ReplyDelete
What a beautiful photo!ReplyDelete
Summer?? What's that?? We'll be lucky if we even get to spring!! BOL!ReplyDelete
What a great shot! We wish we had cooler weather because we have summer all year round. Hee hee.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous12 February 2013 at 09:36
I miss it so much! Typist was just saying the other day how she don't think she would mind the winter so much if you knew you were going to have a summer!ReplyDelete
We are tired beyond belief of the endless rain which started in June last year. We had the wettest year on record and it has continued into this year. All grey skies, dampness and rain, rain ,rain. So we agree roll on Spring and some sun. Have a terrific Tuesday.ReplyDelete
Best wishes Molly
Wow guys! Your blog looks HOT!!!ReplyDelete
Thanks. The hot dog thing was an easy do. LOL.
We hate summer because it's hot here. We have a humid climate and then temperatures can rise up to 36 or 37 degrees Celsius. Add some humidity in it and we reach 40deg C.
Huggies and Cheese,
We are looking forward to the summer here too. Hope it's sunnier than last year :-) woofs and licks from Magic xxReplyDelete
You can come over to my house!! It's goin' to be nice this week, and I would love the company!! BOLReplyDelete
We can't wait for warmer weather too, but at least we have snow to play in. :)ReplyDelete
I miss summer - can it come back soon?ReplyDelete
Smile With Your Tail....ReplyDelete
Happy Valentine's Day!! ;op
Love, Raelyn.... Plus Rose, my BEAUTIFULLY UNIQUE "Mystery Dog"!!


text:
It's common for people to associate a root canal with pain. And, quite frankly, many are relieved when they're not the one having to get one.
The truth is, when it comes to root canals, there is nothing to be afraid of. The procedure, actually, is just like getting a filling — and is meant to get you out of pain.
Our Pasadena dental office performs root canals on patients very regularly with very high patient satisfaction. We go the extra mile to put patients at ease before the procedure, and more often than not, we are addressing the following myths about root canals in order to set the record straight.
1. Root Canal Therapy is Going to Hurt
Sure, years ago root canals may have been a painful experience. But not today. Now when a patient has a severe toothache or a cracked and damaged tooth that needs a root canal, I will numb the area and perform a treatment comfortably. After the procedure, you will be well on your way to a pain free mouth again.
2. It's Better to Extract a Tooth Than Have a Root Canal
False. As a practicing biomimetic dentist, it's my goal to always preserve as much of the natural tooth as possible. Why extract a healthy tooth when it can be repaired? With a root canal, treatment to neighboring teeth and surrounding tissues is typically not needed. Teeth with root canals can last a lifetime and they have a high success rate.
3. Root Canal Treatment Put You at Risk for Disease
Nearly a century ago, before modern medicine understood what it does now, a poorly designed research made the claim that you're more likely to become ill in the future after root canal treatment. There is no valid evidence which links a patient being more susceptible to disease after root canal treatment.
How Do You Know If You Need a Root Canal?
If you are having tooth pain, you may be a candidate for a root canal. The only way to know for sure, however, is to give our office a call. We will take a look and set out the best course of treatment to get you out of pain and back to smiling again.
Please call (626) 624-4030 today to book an appointment with us. You can also request an appointment online.
About THE SCIENCE OF SMILES®
THE SCIENCE OF SMILES® offers affordable cosmetic and laser dentistry and gentle, compassionate general dental care in Pasadena, CA. Our office is conveniently situated with extended hours to meet your needs. At THE SCIENCE OF SMILES®, we offer most dental services, from basic preventative care and general dentistry to specialized procedures, complete dental rebuilding and TMJ/ Headache management. Patient satisfaction is our top priority and we strive to provide the exceptional, affordable dental care and personal touch that lead to lasting relationships. A smiling patient is our greatest reward and we look forward to keeping those smiles healthy, beautiful, and bright. Discover affordable up-to-date dentistry and a team who truly cares at THE SCIENCE OF SMILES®.