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You may have heard of the terms renewable and non-renewable energy before, but what do they actually mean?
Simply put, renewable energy is energy produced from sources that do not deplete or can be replenished within a human's lifetime.(1)
Non-renewable energy is the opposite. Sources that will at some point run out.
To find out more, we explore each type of resource, how it's harvested and turned into electricity and what part it plays on impacting our environment.
Source: solarschools.net
Let's dive in. Here's what we're going to cover:
Non-renewable Sources
To better understand renewable energy, let's start with the finite resources and why they are 'finite'.
Finite energy resources include coal, oil, natural gas and uranium. Finite energy resources are found within the earth and have to be harvested and refined for use.
Photo by Juan Encalada on Unsplash
What is it?
Coal is a non-renewable resource that takes millions of years to produce. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years.(2)
Key Stats
As a fossil fuel burned for heat, coal supplies about a quarter of the world's primary energy and two-fifths of its electricity in 2019. (3) Coal is the most abundant non-renewable energy source we have.
How Coal Is Turned Into Electricity
Coal is mined and then processed into refined coal which can then be burned in power stations to produce electricity. How coal is mined and processed is explained in detail here.
Source: socratic.org
Coal-fired plants produce electricity by burning coal in a boiler to produce steam. The steam produced, under tremendous pressure, flows into a turbine, which spins a generator to create electricity. The steam is then cooled, condensed back into water and returned to the boiler to start the process over.(4)
Impact on the environment
According to the EIA, the following emissions are released in the process of coal combustion.
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2), which contributes to acid rain and respiratory illnesses
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx), which contribute to smog and respiratory illnesses
- Particulates, which contribute to smog, haze, and respiratory illnesses and lung disease
- Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the primary greenhouse gas produced from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas)
- Mercury and other heavy metals, which have been linked to both neurological and developmental damage in humans and other animals
- Fly ash and bottom ash, which are residues created when power plants burn coal
Oil and Petroleum
What is it?
Oil and petroleum products come from fossil fuels, that are formed from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Read more about it here.
Key Stats
Petroleum only provides about 0.5% of electricity for the US and about 4% for the world. (5)
How Oil Products are Turned Into Electricity
Oil products are converted into electricity using one of three methods: conventional steam, combustion turbine or combined-cycle technology.
The process of refining crude oil is explained here.
Impact on the environment
All of these methods burn oil products, which pollutes the air just like coal. Coal and oil products have an added impact on the environment from drilling, transporting and refining these sources before they can be utilized for energy.(6)
Natural Gas
Photo by Parvesh Kumar on Unsplash
What is it?
Natural gas is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years.(7)
Key Stats
Natural gas generates the largest portion of electricity used in the US at 38% and 22% worldwide.(8, 9)
How Gas is Turned Into Electricity
Electricity is made from natural gas power plants that burn natural gas as their fuel. More about natural processing can be found here.
Impact on the Environment
Burning natural gas produces less environmental pollutants than coal or oil, but still significantly contributes to climate change since they produce carbon dioxide.(10)
Source: wikimages on Pixabay
What is it?
Uranium is a heavy metal that has been used as an abundant source of concentrated energy for over 60 years.
Key Stats
About 10% of the world's electricity is generated from uranium in nuclear reactors and about 19% for the US.
How Uranium is Turned Into Electricity
In a nuclear power station the fissioning of uranium atoms replaces the burning of coal or gas. 'Burning' the uranium produces energy electricity just like coal or gas. Learn more about uranium and how it is used here.
Impact on the Environment
Most of the impact of uranium on the environment comes from mining and milling after it is extracted from the earth. Regardless of how uranium is extracted from rock, the processes leave behind radioactive waste.(11)
Now that you understand more about each non-renewable resource, you might understand the importance of discussing what renewable resource options we have. Renewables are becoming increasingly important and help to conserve the nation's natural resources and reduce the impact of non-renewables on the environment.
Renewable Energy Stats
Renewable energy made 26% up of global electricity generation in 2018, and it is projected to grow every year.(12)
According to a market analysis by the IEA, renewable power capacity is set to expand by 50% between 2019 and 2024, led by solar PV. (13)
What Renewable Energy Sources Are There?
Renewable energy sources include sun, wind, rain, tides, waves, geothermal heat and biomass. Renewables are defined as resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. (14)
Photo by Dima Kolesnyk on Unsplash
What is it?
Biomass is a renewable energy source that comes from harvesting plant or animal material. Even though these sources are used up during processing, they are classified as renewable because photosynthesis cycles the CO2 back into new crops.
Examples of biomass are wood, crops, alcohol fuels and garbage.
Key Stats
Currently biomass covers approximately 10 percent of the global energy supply, of which two-thirds is used in developing countries for cooking and heating. In 2009, about 13 percent of biomass use was consumed for heat and power generation, while the industrial sector consumed 15 percent and transportation 4 percent.(15, 16)
How Biomass is Turned into Electricity
Solid biomass can be converted to energy by burning it. Biomass actually contains the stored energy of the sun and this energy is released when it is burned.
Impact on the Environment
According to the EIA, Burning either fossil fuels or biomass releases carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas. However, the plants that are the source of biomass for energy capture almost the same amount of CO2 through photosynthesis while growing as is released when biomass is burned, which can make biomass a carbon-neutral energy source.
Geothermal Energy
Photo by Dan Meyers on Unsplash
What is it?
Geothermal energy is heat that comes from deep within the earth's surface. It is carried to the surface of the earth by water or steam and can be used as clean energy if located close to regions that are strongly affected by movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
Key Stats
This key renewable source covers a significant share of electricity demand in countries like Iceland, El Salvador, New Zealand, Kenya, and Philippines and more than 90% of heating demand in Iceland. However, since this type of energy source is dependent on location it provides just 0.4% of electricity generation for the US.
How Geothermal is Turned into Electricity
source: saveonenergy.com
Once this type of energy is harnessed, it goes through a geothermal power plant and is converted into electricity. Read more about geothermal energy here and here.
Impact on the Environment
Although geothermal produces less negative impact on the environment versus non-renewable sources, The environmental effects of geothermal development and power generation include the changes in land use associated with exploration and plant construction, noise and sight pollution, the discharge of water and gases, the production of foul odours, and soil subsidence.(17)
Wind Energy
Photo by Arteum.ro on Unsplash
What is it?
Wind energy is, you guessed it! Powered by the wind. Also called wind power, it refers to the process of creating electricity using the wind, or air flows that occur naturally in the earth's atmosphere. Modern wind turbines are used to capture kinetic energy from the wind and generate electricity. (18)
Key Stats
Wind power provides 1.9 percent of all the energy consumed in the United States. (19) Wind power production throughout the world varies widely depending on the country.
The worldwide total cumulative installed electricity generation capacity from wind power has increased rapidly since the start of the third millennium, and as of the end of 2019, it amounts to 651 GW. (20)
How Wind is Turned into Electricity
Wind becomes electricity from kinetic energy caused by the spinning of the blades on the turbine. The kinetic energy is transferred into a generator which turns it into electricity to be distributed. (21)
source: www.xcelenergy.com
Impact on the Environment
Wind power is significantly less harmful to the environment than non-renewables but poses some adverse effects like the potential to reduce, fragment, or degrade habitat for wildlife, fish, and plants. Furthermore, spinning turbine blades can pose a threat to flying wildlife like birds and bats. These effects can be limited by investing in research that enables the innovation and development of cost-effective technologies that can minimize wildlife impacts at land-based and offshore wind farms. (22)
Hydropower Energy
Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash
What is it?
Hydropower is energy harvested from flowing water. It is one of the first sources used for electricity generation. Until 2019 hydropower was the largest source of total annual U.S. renewable electricity generation.
Key Stats
In 2019, hydroelectricity accounted for about 6.6% of total U.S. utility-scale electricity generation and 38% of total utility-scale renewable electricity generation. Hydroelectricity's share of total U.S. electricity generation has decreased over time, mainly because of increases in electricity generation from other sources. (23)
How Hydropower is Turned into Electricity
Hydropower relies on the water cycle. In order to understand hydropower it's important to understand this. The water cycle consists of three steps:
- Solar energy heats water on the surface of rivers, lakes, and oceans, which causes the water to evaporate.
- Water vapor condenses into clouds and falls as precipitation—rain and snow.
- Precipitation collects in streams and rivers, which empty into oceans and lakes, where it evaporates and begins the cycle again.
The amount of precipitation determines the amount of water that can be used for hydropower. Hydropower plants are located near points of moving water. At hydropower plants water flows through a pipe, or penstock, then pushes against and turns blades in a turbine to spin a generator to produce electricity. (24)
Impact on the Environment
There are some impacts of hydropower on the environment including the use of dams which can interfere with fish migration. Hydropower turbines may also kill some of the fish that pass through it. The dams may also change the ecology of the river and which can have lasting effects on not just the river but surrounding areas. (25)
Solar Energy
Photo by Mariana Proença on Unsplash
What is Solar Energy?
The sun is the ultimate source for for all energy sources and has been producing energy for billions of years.
How Does Solar Energy Work?
The sun produces energy in the form of heat. The heat is then collected and can be used or transformed into electricity. Solar photovoltaic (PV) devices are used to convert light (photons) to electricity (voltage). This is called the photovoltaic effect. (26)
Key Stats
In 2020, solar installations were up by 42% over last year and had the largest Q1 ever.(27)
Worldwide, solar PV keeps growing each year throughout the world, and has seen the largest growth in countries like China, US and Europe.
However, the share of solar energy used is still small in comparison to non-renewables.
Impact on the Environment
Solar energy does not produce pollution or greenhouse gases. Solar energy can significantly impact the environment when using solar PV panels to replace other sources of energy that have a large impact on the environment.
A few minor impacts on the environment is the use of materials used to manufacture PV panels can be toxic if leaked into the environment. In addition, land that is cleared out to be used for large solar installations could negatively affect the environment. However in the case of installing solar on existing rooftops and farmland can help to eliminate this impact. (28)
Breakdown: Renewables vs. Non-renewables
The use of non-renewables still dominates energy production worldwide. In 2019, renewable energy accounted for merely 11% of energy consumption in the US.
Worldwide, although renewable sources are starting to climb in the last 20 years, traditional biofuels (non-renewables) continue to dominate global energy consumption.
In 2014, the share of world energy consumption for electricity generation by source was coal at 41%, natural gas at 22%, nuclear at 11%, hydro at 16%, other sources (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, etc.) at 6% and oil at 4%. Coal and natural gas were the most used energy fuels for generating electricity. (30)
How long will non-renewable energy sources last?
It is impossible to tell exactly how long our reserves of non-renewable sources will last since our methods of extracting continue to evolve. However, according to predictions, at the rate we are consuming currently, we have around 100 years for even coal, our most abundant source, to be consumed.
Are you considering making the switch to solar?
At ADT Solar we're happy to answer any and all questions you may have about switching to renewable solar energy. If you'd like to learn more, or are interested in scheduling a free consultation, simply reach out to us today!
- https://www.studentenergy.org/topics/renewable-energy
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal#Formation
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal#Formation
- https://www.tva.com/energy/our-power-system/coal/how-a-coal-plant-works
- https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3
- http://powerscorecard.org/tech_detail.cfm?resource_id=8
- https://www.iea.org/fuels-and-technologies/renewables
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption
- https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=427&t=3
- https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Natural_gas_power_plant
- https://www.epa.gov/radtown/radioactive-waste-uranium-mining-and-milling
- https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2019
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
- http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/9444/iea-task40-biomass-provides-10-percent-of-global-energy-use#:~:text=Currently%20biomass%20covers%20approximately%2010,percent%20and%20transportation%204%20percent.
- https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/biomass/
- https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/
- https://www.britannica.com/science/geothermal-energy/Environmental-effects-and-economic-costs
- https://www.awea.org/wind-101/basics-of-wind-energy
- https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/?encyclopedia=wind
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_by_country
- https://myenergi.com/blog/2019/05/30/renewable-energy-everything-you-need-to-know-about-wind-energy/
- https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/environmental-impacts-and-siting-wind-projects
- https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/
- https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/
- https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/hydropower/hydropower-and-the-environment.php
- https://www.nrel.gov/research/re-photovoltaics.html
- https://www.seia.org/research-resources/solar-market-insight-report-2020-q2
- https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/solar/solar-energy-and-the-environment.php
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_energy_consumption
Photo by Juan Encalada on Unsplash
Photo by Parvesh Kumar on Unsplash
Photo by Dima Kolesnyk on Unsplash
Photo by Dan Meyers on Unsplash
Photo by Arteum.ro on Unsplash
Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash
Photo by Mariana Proença on Unsplash


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Surgent's Key Current Financial and Economic Issues Facing the Financial Executive (SU1615/22)
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December 15, 2022 @ 11:30 am
Event Description
The course explores the challenges of the current economic trends and analyzes their impact on you as the financial executive in areas of human resource management; credit markets and banking; risk management and pandemic style disruptions; cash flow planning strategies; debt and equity mix impacts in uncertain markets; globalization of the market in times of uncertainty; retirement planning and social security funding; and acquiring distressed companies and assets. Specific recommendations and insights will be offered to you to deal with the challenges.
Designed For
Financial executives including CFOs, Controllers, and Managers
Understand the current economic issues for the CFO/Controller, including: Strategic operational planning and risk management Regulatory, fiscal, and monetary policies and their impact on the organization Managing the finances of the organization during periods of rapid changes Managing risk in an uncertain economic climate
Major Subjects
Taking a strategic perspective relative to risk management and crisis management Analyzing the impact of current trends in human resources practices in the coming decade on an organization Analyzing the impact of the credit markets on your banking relationships and the financial needs of the organization and the organization's ability to raise capital Reviewing the impact uncertainty and risk at the operational level relative to short- and intermediate-term decision making Determining the safety and soundness of the financial plans for your organization in an uncertain economic climate specifically as it relates to capital adequacy and strategic direction Managing the debt and equity mix for your organization in a rapidly changing economic landscape Determining the impact that competing in a global marketplace has on an organization and how to take steps to become more competitive globally Evaluating the impact of federal, state, and municipal deficits and unfunded mandates as it relates to tax planning Evaluating retirement programs with Social Security funding for your employees Determining the safety and soundness of your credit and collections processes and selection of customers in an uncertain environment Influencing growth through acquisition of distressed organizations The economic way ahead for the CFO/Controller in 2020 and beyond

subset: commoncrawl


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Liqui Moly recently introduced a new motor oil for modern gasoline engines. Special Tec AA 0W-16 is a premium low-friction oil formulated to provide protection against wear, reduce oil and fuel consumption, maintain engine cleanliness, and ensure fast oil penetration.
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For more information, visit www.liqui-moly.com.


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Welcome to sunny Dubai, the ultimate all-in-one holiday: delicious cuisine, historical and thrilling sightseeing,
beautiful architecture, and great shopping.
I just returned from the Dubai/India trip with my cousin on Sept. 19-30. From my perspective all aspects of the trip were excellent. The guides & drivers in all destinations were very courteous, accommodating and informative. Always on time, dependable and I felt very safe.
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Just landed in Toronto on our way home. Everything you booked for us went off without any issues. Thank you so much for planning and booking this entire trip for us. We enjoyed it immensely. The hotel in Dubai was excellent and very helpful. So close to the mall of the emeritus.


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Read A book mentioned below to know as to what kind of Filthy Language Mawlana Mawdudi and his brother Khomeini used against Prophets [PBUT] and against the Companions [May Allah be pleased with everyone of them] of Prophet Mohammad [PBUH]. The book has provided the original quotes from Mawdudi's book with the editions and page number. Mudodi Khumeni do bhai, Moudoodi and Khumeni(shia) two Brothers http://www.scribd.com/doc/15702018/Mudodi-Khumeni-do-bhai-Moudoodi-and-Khumenishia-two-Brothers-a-deep-researc-book-by-Deoband-Ahlesunnat-wal-jamat
For example Khomeini once made a statement which was published in the Tehran times (Kitaab be Noujawanaan - P8) that if he conquers Madina Munawwarah, he will remove the two idols (Hadhrat Abu Bakr and Hadhrat Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) besides Prophet Mohammad (Peace be upon him). I am certain that no believer will accept such a statement against the great luminaries of Islam. Brother Amin, are we then to condemn only Khomeini and condone Mawdudi knowing well that Mawdudi was a close friend of Khomeini and was sympathetic to his course. In a book titled, 'Two brothers - Maududi and Khomeini' page 129, the following statement of Dr Ahmad Farouk Maududi (son of Abul-A'ala Maududi) was published in Roz Naame, Lahore - 29 September 1979, "Allama Khomeini had a very old and close relationship with Abba Jaan (father). Aayaatullah Khomeini translated his (fathers) books in Farsi and included it as a subject in Qum. Allama Khomeini met my father in 1963 during Hajj and my father's wish was to create a revolutionary in Pakistan similar to Iran. He was concerned about the success of the Iranian revolution till his last breath.'
Mr Mughal continues to harp on the past. He would be a good historian. In politics, movements, and change is the pattern of life. There is nothing static in politics.
Shaikh Mohommad
Dear Sir,
It is obligatory for every Muslim to expose every Innovative [Bida'ati] who exploit the name of Islam for the sake of Filthy Pakistani Politics. Read the interview of the son Haider Farooq Mawdoodi on Jamat-e-Islami [s/o of the Head Pope of Jamat-e-Islam i.e. Mawdoodi]. Read about the filthy character of Jamat-e-Islami and Qazi Hussain Ahmed.
Question: Haider Sahab, Maulana Mawdudi was a giant personality and a great religious scholar. We should talk about present scenario. Jamaat-e-Islami is still spending a lot on 'Jehad-e-Kashmir' also rendering sacrifices?
Answer: Yes, presently the situation is such that Jamaat receives Rs. 60,000/- for every militant killed in Kashmir out this, only 15,000-20,000/- are being given to the families of the martyrs, while as the remaining amount is eaten up by the JEI leaders themselves who have opened a factory of martyrs. JEI leaders have made money by getting others children killed. As far as they themselves are concerned, no son of Qazi Hussain Ahmad was killed either in Afghanistan or Kashmiri, 'Jihad' and his children are leading a luxurious life while studying in the United States.
An Interview with Haider Farooq Mawdudi, Noted Pakistani Islamic Scholar
Haider Farooq Mawdudi, noted Pakistani Islamic scholar and son of the Late Maulana Sayed-ul-Ala Mawdudi, founder of the Jamaat-e-Islami(JEI), is one of the most vocal critics of the protagonists of 'Jihad' in Kashmir. In an interview given to a Lahore based Urdu magazine 'Diwar-e-Shahar' (August-September, 1998) he has openly come out against the present JEI leadership of Pakistani for supporting militancy in Kashmir. He has refuted 'Jihad' in Kashmir on the grounds that its against the tenets of the Quran as Islam does not permit a covert war. In this connection, quoting his father's stand on the issue, he points out that the double standards in Pakistani policy of pursuing diplomatic relations with India while waging a 'Jihad' against it through covert means. He also castigated the JEI leadership of Pakistan for spending huge amounts on waging 'Jihad' in Kashmir and sacrificing the lives of thousands of innocent and poor people. Excerpts from the interview is reproduced below.
The Lucknow based vernacular weekly, 'Jedeed Markaz', published in Urdu and Hindi, has reproduced the said interview on its October 25-31, 1998 edition.
Question: In what connection, did you visit India recently and who all did you meet and why?
Answer: I met different Muslim leaders, including Kashmiris during my recent visit to India and expressed the view that three wars have been fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir since their inception fifty years back and therefore, the Kashmir issue should now be solved at any cost and the Kashmiri Muslims should get the same benefits which are being enjoyed by the other Muslims living in India. I told the Kashmiri leaders that they were getting their young generation killed without any reason. The education, economy and everything of Muslims is being destroyed. I asked them to hold talks with the Indian government and get their demands met legitimately and constitutionally.
Question: Haider Shahji, what sort of opinion you have given there? On one hand, holy 'Jihad' is being fought in Kashmir while as you are talking about constitutional right, education and economy.
Answer: (Retorting back) What kind of 'Jihad' is being fought in Kashmir, you do not know the difference between 'Jihad' and violence. The ongoing blood-bath in Kashmir in the name of 'Jihad' can not even be termed as 'Khurooj'(revolt). You should study the 'Fiqah'(Islamic Law).
Question: But the 'Jamaat' of your father, Maulana Abdul Ala Mawdudi declares it as 'Jihad'.
Answer: Now, this is no more the 'Jamaat' of my father, this is now the 'Jamaat' of Qazi Hussain Ahmad. My father had categorically refused to accept the ongoing violence in Kashmir as 'Jihad'.
Question: What are you talking about? Kashmiris are fighting for their right of self-determination, which has been bluntly rejected by India. The Britishers gave Kashmir to India through a wrongful partition, which Nehru, Mountbatten and Radcliffe had committed through dishonesty?
Answer: Maulana Mawdudi, in his interview published in the bi-weekly journal of Jamaat-e-Islami, "Kausar" dated August 17, 1998, has clearly said that the intricacies developed over the Kashmiri issue are the result of the mistakes of 'our' leaders who accepted an ambiguous condition of the Britishers that the accession of any 'Riyasat' to a country would be decided by the Head of the 'Riyasat' and not only by the dominion of the 'Riyasat'. They also left the decision regarding the fixation of borders to Radcliffe and Mountbatten which resulted in the inclusion of Gurdaspur district in the Indian union and it also gave an opportunity to the Hindu King of Kashmir to accede to India.
Question: Haider Saheb, you said that it is not lawful according to 'Shariat' to fight against that country with whom 'we' have diplomatic relations?
Answer: Don't degrade its importance. I have not said that but Maulana Mawdudi said this. I do not possess such a personality. Maulana Mawdudi has categorically stated that according to 'Quran', it is unlawful to wage a war by a country against the country with which diplomatic relations are maintained. He has further said that it one party commits breach of agreement then the opposite party should first severe diplomatic ties with it and then resort to war-tactics instead of maintaining diplomatic relations overtly and resorting to war-tactics covertly. He stressed that Islam taught 'us' that if we, want to fight against anyone, 'we' should fight openly and if 'we' wish to maintain friendly relations with someone, 'we' should stick to that relation without any prejudice.
Question: Haider Sahab, Maulana Mawdudi was a giant personality and a great religious scholar. We should talk about present scenario. Jamaat-e-Islami is still spending a lot on 'Jehad-e-Kashmir' also rendering sacrifices?
Answer: Yes, presently the situation is such that Jamaat receives Rs. 60,000/- for every militant killed in Kashmir out this, only 15,000-20,000/- are being given to the families of the martyrs, while as the remaining amount is eaten up by the JEI leaders themselves who have opened a factory of martyrs. JEI leaders have made money by getting others children killed. As far as they themselves are concerned, no son of Qazi Hussain Ahmad was killed either in Afghanistan or Kashmiri, 'Jihad' and his children are leading a luxurious life while studying in the United States.
There is no case for Jihad in Kashmir
Also read interview of Haider Farooq Mawdudi, noted Pakistani Islamic scholar and son of the Late Maulana Sayed-ul-Ala Mawdudi, founder of the Jamaat-e-Islami(JEI) He has refuted 'Jihad' in Kashmir on the grounds that it is against the tenents of the Quran as Islam does not permit a covert war.
In Islam there exists only two permanent sources for distinguishing between the 'sacred' and the 'profane, 'religious' and 'temporal' and between 'Islamic' and 'unIslamic'. Though, with the growth and development of Islamic societies, various schools of Islamic jurisprudence emerged, only the Quran and the Hadees (traditions of the Prophet) provide fundamental sources from which solutions for pressing contemporary socio-political and economic problems could be deduced. Amongst the believers, from times immemorial, the fundamental questions like 'what is Islam?' and 'who is the true Muslim?' have remained difficult questions to be resolved. Since the Ulemas interpretation varied depending upon the emergence of Islam in a particular society, Prophet Mohammad's (SAW) life was accepted to be the guiding spirit of Islam and he himself was accepted as the first true Muslim. It was natural, therefore, to accept the Hadees as the reference point or the correct praxis of a true Muslim. Therefore, a true Muslim was considered to be one who was committed to the teachings of the Quran and the praxis of Prophet Mohammad (SAW).
The declaration of jihad in the Islamic tradition is viewed as a serious deliberation on the Islamic interpretation of 'religious war', which has to be waged to protect the right to faith of the 'Ummah'. During medieval times since the caliph was accepted by the 'Ummah' as the religious and the temporal head of the faith, he had the power to declare jihad in order to save the faith from infidels opposed to the preservation and sustenance of the Islamic order. Therefore, the declaration of jihad was only sanctioned in an extreme situation and was an open act of taking recourse to force in defence of the faith and was waged only against the kafirs, jahils, and societies and orders restricting the growth of the 'Ummah.' In Hadees, this has been considered as an extreme step and can be sanctioned and executed by the Muslims only in defence of the faith and not in mere matters of political expediency. Prophet Mohammad (SAW) has clarified this issue in the Battle of Badar where the defence of Islam was primarily against the non-believers, a majority of whom were the Prophet's own relatives like Abbas, Aqil and Abul-Aas. The bonds of kinship and nationality were broken in defence of the belief. Similarly, in the capture of Mecca, Prophet led the Army of the Ansars of Madina to attack his hometown, for the sake of faith only and not for the sake of occupying the land or for taking revenge against some people. Further, any deviation of interpretation of the jihad thus was construed as an act of hypocrisy or Munafiq, punishment for which was much more severe than against the kafirs.
In recent times, the concept of jihad has been subjected to various interpretations essentially on account of the secondary sources of consensus (ijma), analogy (qiyas), reason (aql) and finally ijtihad or the legal practice whereby a jurist applies his independent effort to deduce unavailable laws from the sources. Ijtihad implies the application of human reason and rationality. It constitutes a bridge between eternally valid divine injunctions and time specific requirements of every age. It is the key to providing an Islamic interpretation of modern developments and circumstances. While, since the 10th Century AD, the traditional Sunni Ulema have prohibited the application of ijtihad, the Sunni revivalists continued its usage. Allama Iqbal even went to the extent of stating that "modern Islam was not bound by this voluntary surrender of intellectual independence". (The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam). Therefore, Islamic revivalists and scholars have differed in the Islamic interpretations of social, political and economic issues and concerns. The concept of right to ikhtilaf, to differ in opinion on legal issues pertaining to non-primary sources, legitimises such diversity of opinion.
Friend, your acceptance of Kashmir as a Dar-ul-Harb is not in consonance with the spirit of the Quran and the Hadees and is probably based upon the ijtihad of few contemporary Islamic revivalists. While, your unflinching support to your belief is understandable, you may appreciate that there is a larger community of Islamic thinkers and scholars who think otherwise and have the right to ikhtilaf. Therefore, I reiterate my contention that there is no case for jihad in Kashmir and I would like to embellish my arguments delving deep into contemporary Islamic history and the socio-economic changes which have contributed substantially to the emergence of radical Islam. The ikhtilaf of many contemporary Islamic scholars is also detailed for your benefit.
Islamic societies, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries, whenever it came in touch with colonial powers, the threat to the religion was felt maximum by Islamic scholars and leaders, who in turn lent their support to the radicalization of Islam. It was a natural reaction as it involved the preservation of one's identity. Many of the 20th century Islamic revivalists readers like Sayyid Jamal al-Din 'al-Afghani', Sayyid Qutb, Maulana Mawdudi and Ayatollah Khomeini, when confronted with the onslaught of the western civilisation have appealed to the socially, economically and politically disinherited Muslim populace to rise and accept revolutionary Islam as a potent ideology for the emancipation of the 'Ummah'. The socio-economic and political backwardness of the respective societies provided an ideal breeding ground for its rapid spread. Much of their efforts at homogenising and syndicating a formal version of Islam was a natural reaction to the existing socio-political conditions. However, this phase was also marked by nationalist movements all over the world in the wake of crumbling of the world imperialist edifice.
In the Islamic nations also this phenomenon struck deep roots, and saw the emergence of the Turkish, Arab (Bath movement), Palestinian, Indonesian and the Iranian freedom struggles. However, with the discovery of oil and the emergence of Middle East as an important financial centre during the middle of the century, neo-imperialist forces entered that arena with a highly discriminatory agenda of economic exploitation of these Islamic societies, whereby maximum benefits of growth was cornered by a minuscule of the elite. Once again to tide over the emerging crisis revivalist thinkers looked towards revolutionary Islam as the panacea for the liberation of vast, deprived sections of society. The superpower rivalry also witnessed the emergence of various theatres of conflict in the international arena, like Afghanistan, Middle East, Iraq and Iran, etc. which also contributed to the growth of pan Islamic movements of the region. The Pakistani role in Kashmir and the international Islamic response to the Kashmir issue has to be understood in this context.
Kashmir is a Muslim majority state with a sprinkling of Hindus and Buddhists. Since 1989, the region has witnessed turmoil and militancy partly due to certain genuine political demands of the Kashmiri Muslims and partly due to the role of Pakistan in propping up a covert proxy war against India. Even during the height of the 'movement', in the early 1990s, the leaders of the 'movement' never subscribed to the view that it was a jihad against an oppressive Hindu Indian government. The indigenous Kashmiri Muslim leadership has always voiced the quintessence of the Kashmiri people's aspirations as their right to self-determination and never as jihad. Therefore, does it follow that Shabbier Shah, Yasin Malik and Umar Farooq are in any way not true Muslims as the don't believe it to be a jihad? Moreover, their open pronouncements of Hindu-Muslim unity should therefore be interpreted as defiance against their faith.
20. Those who believe, and emigrate
And strive with might
And main, in Allah's cause, 1270
With their goods and their persons,
Have the highest rank
In the sight of Allah:
They are the people
Who will achieve (salvation)[Sorah Taubah - Repentence]
Here is a good description of Jihad. It may require fighting in Allah's cause, as a form of self-sacrifice. But its essence consists in (1) a true and sincere Faith, which so fixes its gaze on Allah, that all selfish or wordly motives seem paltry and fade away, and (2) an earnest and ceaseless activity, involving the sacrifice (if need be) of life, person or property, in the service of Allah. Mere brutal fighting is opposed to the whole spirit of Jihad, while the sincere scholar's pen pr preacher's voice or wealthy man's contributions may the most valuable forms of Jihad.
Taken from "The Holy Quran" - English translation of the meanings and commentary, revised and edited by The Presidency of Islamic Researchers, IFTA, call and guidance. The custodian of the two holy mosques King Fahd complex.
While militant organisations like Lashkar-e-Toiba and Harkat-ul-Ansar continue to advocate and justify a strong case for jihad in Kashmir, a greater number of Muslims including very respected Islamic scholars reject the idea. Both the protagonists in favour of the jihad in Kashmir and their opponents strongly base their convictions and draw inspiration from the Quran and Hadees. Therefore, it is quite clear that their respective understanding is based upon ijtihad. Further, the protagonists form only a minuscule of the Muslim population of the Indian subcontinent (approximately 15 million) while the majority of opinion amongst the Muslims is one for peaceful coexistence with other communities. Amongst the 57 Muslim countries in the world, it is only India which has around 350,000 functioning mosques for the believers, probably the highest in any part of the world. It is this state of affairs which prompts renowned Islamic scholars like Maulana Wahid-ud-din Khan to reject the concept of jihad on the grounds that the Muslims have both peace and freedom vis-a-vis their faith in India.
To delve further into history, one of the most important Islamic revivalist and thinkers Maulana Sayyid Abu'l-A'la Mawdudi (founder, Jamaat-e-Islami) during his life time had rejected the case of jihad in Kashmir and underwent imprisonment on charges of sedition in Pakistan. In 1947, while observing standstill agreement with the J&K government, Pakistan had covertly supported insurgency in the Valley by despatching a large number of tribals spearheaded by armed paramilitary units characterising their struggle as jihad. Mawdudi rejected the government efforts by arguing that the vigilante groups could not be fighting a jihad nor could the Pakistani government surreptitiously support a jihad when observing a standstill agreement. According to him, jihad had to be properly declared by the central government in justifying a legitimate and ongoing war. Jihad declared, failing this criteria could be construed as declared in circumstances of hypocrisy (Munafiq). Covert war was not acceptable in Islam, he argued. In 1965, also notwithstanding Ayub Khan's open appeal to Maulana Mawdudi to support his war efforts against India by declaring a jihad, Mawdudi refused to comply.
It was later during the tenure (early 90s) of Qazi Hussain Ahmed that the Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan for the first time accepted the case for jihad in J&K to thwart the 'azaadi' groups from dominating the political struggle. More recently, Maulana Haider Farooq Mawdudi (son of Maulana Mawdudi) reiterated his father's rejection of jihad in Kashmir in an interview to the Urdu magazine Diwar-e-Shahar (Lahore based) and clarified that accepting the Jamaat-e-Islami's advocacy of jihad in J&K was totally in disagreement with the spirit of the Quran as Islam did not recognise covert war. The Pakistan government's support to the insurgency and at the same time maintaining diplomatic relations with India was tantamount to acts of 'hypocrisy' and were 'unIslamic'. Significantly, the Jamaat-e-Islami (J&K) has also changed tack on this issue and the present Aamir-e-Jamaat, G.M. Bhutt has openly condemned violence being perpetrated by militant groups in the Valley and has clarified that the future role of the Jamaat would be focused only on imparting the Dini-Talim. Further, the Kashmiri people's large scale participation in the recent elections only re-established their rejection of the gun culture and signifies faith in the democratic traditions of the country.
Brothers, therefore, your understanding of Dar-ul-Harb can only be justified on the grounds of a jihad against the kafirs based upon the concept of Taqfir or apostasy, which the Quran and Hadees only permit in a situation where the faith is in danger from infidels. Are the mosques, khanqas, and ziarats in Kashmir under the siege of security forces who are restricting the 'ummah' from offering prayers? Kashmir, according to me, and millions of Muslims of the subcontinent is a part of the Dar-ul-Sullah, a land of peaceful co-existence which incidentally accounts for over 150 million Muslims of the world. Your interpretation is, therefore, utterly baseless and deviant from the spirit of the holy Quran and the Hadees; perhaps a position of a Munafiq.


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Published in UConn Today, April 23, 2018
Royce Mohan, a UConn Health associate professor of neuroscience, has received more than $400,000 from the National Institutes of Health to study the role of a specific enzyme in retinal gliosis.
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in people over the age of 50 in many developed western countries, including 11 million Americans. Estimates predict that 196 million people worldwide will suffer from this condition by 2020. Retinal gliosis is a phenomenon that causes scarring and occurs in many eye diseases and also after injury.
With retinal gliosis, Muller glial cells become activated and can proliferate and become invasive. Gliosis has been observed in humans with AMD, as well as mouse models of AMD, signifying that a link exists between this process and the condition, but the details of the relationship remain unclear.
As AMD progresses people may begin to see a blurry spot at the center of their vision which will continue to develop into blank spots in one's central vision. These effects are caused by damage to the macula, a one-mm sized tissue at the center of the retina that controls visual acuity. This loss of central vision interferes with every day tasks like reading, driving, and identifying faces. Elderly people lacking this central vision are also more prone to fall and break bones. Learn more about this study.


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- Home
- Our Government
- Departments N-Z
- Water Department
- Hard Water Information
Hard Water Information
East Orange Water
The water in East Orange is very hard.
East Orange Grains per Gallon (GPG)
- East Orange, 19 GPG or 328 PPM (parts per million)
Advantages of Using Hard Water
Historically, water was hardened to raise the pH (acid level) to reduce the leaching of lead from lead pipes, which could cause lead poisoning. The advantage of drinking hard water is that it will supply calcium in the form of calcium carbonate (chalk), which can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. In order to be able to absorb it, however, you will need to have a good supply of natural vitamin D in your diet.
Lessen the Effects of Hard Water at Home
- Laundry: According to the National Soap and Detergent Association, a powdered detergent with phosphate will perform well in hard water as will any of the liquid laundry detergents.
- Dishwasher: Hard water will probably cause more spotting and filming on your dishes. This is because the minerals in hard water are released faster when the water comes in contact with heat, such as the heating element in your hot water heater or dishwasher. Here are some things you can do to reduce spotting and filming.
- Reduce the temperature of your hot water heater
- For every degree or setting that you decrease your hot water heater, you decrease the mount of mineral spotting or filming on your dishware.
- Detergent Selection: According to the national Soap and Detergent Association you should start with the manufacturers' recommended amount of detergent and increase by one tablespoon at a time until you achieve the desired cleaning & spot prevention. Read the labels of products and experiment to find which works best for you
- Coffee maker: There are products on the market that will remove mineral buildup from your drip coffee maker or you can run a pot of strong vinegar water through your coffee maker on occasion. Refer to the manufacturer's guidelines.
- Tile, ceramic, and metal: Mineral buildup on tile, ceramic and metal surfaces such as shower heads, sinks, bathtubs, faucet fixtures, and swimming pools will simply require more attention to keep water spotting and filming to a minimum. With most cleaning products, following the manufacturer's instructions will get the desired results. For heavy scale buildup on tile, ceramics, and porcelain, a pumice stone works nicely.
- Household plumbing: The calcium in hard water can create a thin coating on the inside of your pipes. If your home has lead or copper pipes or pipes with lead solder this coating has a beneficial effect by preventing lead and copper from leaching into your home's water supply. Mineral buildup in sink aerators may restrict water flow. Simply remove the aerator, clean it with vinegar, and replace.


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It is all about the boating lifestyle!
There is so much to love, and learn, about boating. That's why we created BoatMatrix News. This a blog created for boaters who want to get updates on new products, gear and the boating lifestyle. This blog will reproduce news releases and articles from manufacturers as well as other boating related sites to give you the latest information and reviews possible.
It is our hope that you will share this site with your friends, family, and colleagues and help us keep everyone up to date about whats hot in boating.
Happy Boating!


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As the pandemic stretches on and many planes remain grounded, one thing is becoming clear: People really miss flying. Flights to nowhere, in which planes take off and land at the same airport, are consistently selling out, and even just listening to airline boarding music has been a comfort to some formerly frequent fliers.
Now Singapore Airlines is giving would-be passengers another opportunity to recreate the air travel experience. For two days in October the carrier is converting one of its grounded Airbus A380 planes into a pop-up restaurant at Singapore's Changi airport.
Customers can book seats in all four cabin classes—first, business, premium economy, and economy—on the airline's largest jet for the lunchtime dining experience, which will last up to three hours. Each cabin will have its own special menus curated for the double-decker plane's restaurant. Although exact menus (along with prices) will be unveiled when booking opens on October 12, the carrier says that meal options will include signature international Singapore Airlines dishes, as well as "the best dishes from our Peranakan menu, specially designed by acclaimed Singaporean chef Shermay Lee." The meal will also include two complimentary alcoholic beverages and unlimited nonalcoholic drinks.
Although the superjumbo jet won't be leaving the ground, it's still a great opportunity to experience one of the world's top airlines, and to see the increasingly rare colossal plane in person. (Many A380 fleets are grounded due to the pandemic, and Airbus will stop manufacturing the jets next year.) Additionally, customers can book a behind-the-scenes tour of the A380, which is about 15 minutes long and includes a "look at private access areas" on board. Tours take place before lunch and are open to a limited number of guests who book them on a first-come, first-served basis.
As far as logistics, the carrier will arrange Changi airport passes so customers can access the gate area, where pre-lunch activities and "boarding" for the A380 restaurant will take place. All diners must also complete a digital questionnaire to confirm they haven't been in close contact with anyone who has contracted COVID-19. To complete the in-flight experience, Singapore Airlines' pilots and cabin crew will also be on hand at the event, and guests will be able to watch a movie or TV show on the entertainment screens while they dine.
Before they leave, all customers will receive a limited edition keepsake souvenir. As an added bonus, those who arrive for their reservation in traditional clothing reflecting their heritage—like a sarong kebaya, cheongsam, saree, batik shirt, or kilt, for instance—will receive an additional special gift.
Reservations for the dining experience open on October 12, for lunches on October 24 and 25. Members of the airline's frequent flier program, KrisFlyer, can use points to book their spots. Both the dining packages and A380 tours can be purchased starting October 12 on Singapore Airlines' website or on its shopping site, krisshop.com. Customers who book in first, business, and premium economy cabins can pre-select their menus, while those in economy can make their meal choices on the day of the restaurant experience.
Even though the plane won't be landing in a far-flung locale, this could still be a travel highlight of the year.
We're reporting on how COVID-19 impacts travel on a daily basis. Find all of our coronavirus coverage and travel resources here.


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Integral Presence can be seen both as a practice and as a result.
As a result, Integral Presence means living one's full potential in a natural flow with oneself, others and the world. "Being in IP" is living every single moment experience with integral awareness while mindfully evolving forward in life. It is the art of living life fully and consciously.
As a method, Integral Presence is as a range of concepts and techniques to acquire the art of living life fully and consciously. We would be using mindfulness, body scan, conscious breathing, self-reflection, personality integration, grounding, mind balancing, alignment, the transformation cycle, transcendent awareness, the neutral observer … just to name a few.
>> read more …


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Whether they're giving up alcohol for good or just need a break right now, consumers are digging nonalcoholic beverages. And beverage experts are responding in kind, creating mixtures that are complex and satisfying to the palate, and come at a price that boosts nightly sales.
The first page of the beverage menu from one of our Sip Superlatives honorees, Rouge Tomate in New York City, is dedicated fully to nonalcoholic choices, from house-made cola, tonic, or lemonade soda to a creative list of mixed drinks incorporating fresh juices, shrubs, and other natural, high-end ingredients like pink salt spritz or bee pollen. Beverage director Cristian Molina likes providing a fun, diverse range of options for guests.
"People shouldn't feel obligated to drink alcohol and, if they don't drink alcohol, to only drink water," he says.
Ken Pritz, beverage director at River Roast in Chicago, agrees. Pritz enjoys liberating non-drinking guests and enhancing their experiences at the restaurant with his menu of five seasonally inspired mocktail offerings. "Our goal is to offer an elevated cocktail experience for our guests, without the booze," he says. "Having a selection of nonalcoholic beverages that have their own complex, unique flavor profiles can make their experience more enjoyable."
Rebranding the mocktail menu to be called Temperance, Pritz originally built out the restaurant's nonalcoholic beverage offerings in response to Dry January, a trend where people start the new year taking a break from alcohol.
Pritz' approach to mocktail creation is essentially the same as his approach to cocktail creation, starting with a foundation based on historic families of cocktails. But it can be difficult not relying on a spirit as the backbone of a drink. "Finding a way to make a well-balanced drink without having that foundation can be tricky but also allows us to be more creative," he says.
Pritz' creativity shines in his use of ingredients like fresh juices, syrups, fruits, herbs, and—one of his favorites—shrubs, which are essentially fruit vinegars that date back to the Colonial era, he says. "I find that they bring the mocktail experience to another level. I definitely look forward to experimenting with them more and creating our own in-house."
With Pritz' favorite mocktail, Get Smashed, he brings together lemon, sage, hibiscus syrup, ginger shrub, and a local soda. "I had all of these syrups and shrubs left over from a previous event and had to find a use for them," he says of his invention process. "I thought the flavors would work well, and the addition of an aromatic herb like sage just seemed like the right fit. Not only is it delicious, but it is very pleasing aesthetically."
"Bars and restaurants are finally acknowledging that some people don't drink," says Sean O'Brien, mixologist at Coastal Provisions at Wild Dunes Resort in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. "They can attract these patrons by catering to their needs in a more serious fashion."
By taking time to create well-balanced, exciting drink options for non-drinking guests, restaurants not only have the opportunity to make guests feel appreciated but also to increase check averages, as an almost-cocktail price per pour can start replacing the lower-priced water, soda, and iced tea options.


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Private Instruction
Restorative Yoga
Is there stress in your life? Melt it away in this lovely, relaxing 75 minute private instruction which is done primarily resting on the floor. You will spend several minutes gently unwinding in each restorative posture with the help of props such as bolsters, blankets, and pillows. No prior yoga knowledge necessary. Some classes will be lit by candlelight with soft music in the background. Wear comfortable clothing (we've seen PJ's worn before!). Please bring your own Yoga Mat.
Qigong, also known as "Chi Gong" and pronounced "Chee Gong", is a gentle movement of the body using breathing techniques and gentle movement to cleanse, strengthen, and circulate energy in the body. It is from the same family as Tai Chi and originated in China as a very popular practice to promote healing in the body, as it balances the physical and emotional systems. This private instruction is approximately 60 minutes and you will be guided to move your body and breath in a balanced flow that will add more energy, vitality and balance to your day. You will feel very relaxed and respond the stress more calmly throughout the day.
Meditation is being in a state of stillness with awareness being solely in the present moment. It gives us the power to master our thoughts and emotions and to stop the fluctuations of the mind; it allows us to observe these thoughts and emotions but not get caught up in them, allowing us to have clarity and focus. In this 45 - 60 minute you will be guided through a meditation to help bring you to a place of quite and peace. There are many ways to meditate - our meditations will vary from class to class. We offer very comfortable meditation chairs to help you sit upright and align your body and breath. You will leave feeling very calm, relaxed and your day will flow with calm and ease. Perfect for all levels of meditation experience.
For more information about Meditation, CLICK HERE


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Woo hoo! Happy birth… little boy! Yeah, I only used 75% of the phrase happy birthday in honor of his .75 birthday. Also, to follow with this theme, I'll keep this post 75% shorter than the average.
Titus is .75 years old today!
March 11, 2008
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6 Responses to "Titus is .75 years old today!"
Josh Suiter Says:
I love the t-shirt….
Rob Jones Says:
You could have added 25% more humor 🙂
Kenny Says:
Oh, was I 25% short? Wait, I'm confused. Interestingly enough, this post has received 75% more comments. Awesome!
nene Says:
He needs a shirt that says "My dad's a goof!" That is the cutest expression I've ever seen – he must have been looking at his mama! Happy 3/4 birthday little guy! You will survive your parents, I promise! Love, Nene
Karen Jones Says:
I can't help noticing there are about 75% more blogs about Titus than anything else.
Kenny Says:
A simple truth we've come to learn. Titus has made Sara and I significantly more popular. So, I'll probably stick to the strategy of posting about him more than my thoughts on technology or random social issues.
Leave a Reply


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Review: History examines the hazy history of 'America's War on Drugs' with exhaustive but engaging detail
In "America's War on Drugs," beginning Sunday, History offers a four-part spin through the American government's complicated, often hypocritical, ultimately crazy relationship with narcotics over half a century – its lofty motives, its ulterior motives. Fueled by the testimony of various scholars and journalists, reformed dealers, and former CIA and DEA officers whose agencies' differently framed missions often put them into direct conflict, it's a thick, tortuous telling that runs some six hours with the commercials removed, exhausting but rarely dull.
The official declaration of the "War on Drugs" is seen as beginning with President Nixon's June 17, 1971, statement that "America's public enemy number one is drug abuse" – a campaign that, we're told here, also served as legal cover for attacking the antiwar movement and black power movement. But the series runs back another decade to begin its story with the common cause made by the Mafia and the CIA in the early '60s attempt to rid Cuba of Castro, blurring lines that have stayed blurry since, and to the agency's accidental introduction of LSD into American society. (They had hoped to use it for mind control — buying the world's available supply from its manufacturer — but it got out of their hands and something quite different happened.)
What's clear through this thicket of intersecting stories is that the American policy has often been made out of fear – not necessarily manufactured, but often misplaced. Fear of communism, of terrorism, of crime in the streets.
Whether or not you believe that crack was a CIA plot to destroy the inner cities, "America's War on Drugs" indicates that the agency was not particularly concerned with the domestic upshot of deals it made with Latin American drug cartels – deals that ultimately helped flood the United States with cocaine and transform it from a rich person's party drug to a poor person's quick high. The intelligence agency and the drug cartels might have had different, more and less "noble" goals — patriotism on the one hand, money on the other — but they share a certain amorality, a certain heartlessness.
Many stops are made along the way – Vietnam, Afghanistan, including the militarization of police (hello, Daryl Gates!), Nancy Reagan's Just Say No campaign, Bill Clinton saying, "But I didn't inhale." There's a colorful, if almost wholly unlikable, cast of shady characters, underworld legends, criminal visionaries, corrupt politicians, dirty cops, mad scientists and paranoid nut jobs on both sides of the law. There are political coups and drive-by shootings. Comparatively little time is spent on the Oxycontin and methamphetamine epidemics – and for that matter marijuana, which as a subject does not enter the story nearly until the end, when legalization threatens the cartels' profits – which have less of an international profile, and no CIA subplot.
Each episode begins with an advisory "The following program contains intense drug imagery and violence," which you would do well to regard, and one that "In some instances events have been dramatized." "Many," or even "most," is closer to the mark. Such re-creations are common enough, but because the filmmakers have gone to some lengths to make them look technologically appropriate to period and "real" – caught by surveillance cameras or home video – they get mixed up with the actual documentary footage and photos (which flash by too quickly). They demean the record. They aren't history.
Scant attention is paid to drug use itself, interestingly, and to the extent that it is, the users aren't judged. (Reporter: "Are you going to tell what's bad about LSD?" Ken Kesey: "Not necessarily.") If anything, they are regarded as victims of both the problem and the supposed cure – three-strike laws, sentencing minimums – that has filled American jails and prisons past bursting and had a generations-long effect on the inner cities. Nor is there any moralizing about drug use itself, which most of the commentators regard as inevitable – a feature of human existence, not a bug – if potentially destructive. This lack of censure is refreshing, but the question of how society might better treat drug addiction is limited to a few observations at the series' very end.
It's undeniably the case that drug epidemics, even apart from the drug-taking, create crime. There is nothing inherently insincere either in Bill Clinton's vow to "take our streets back from crime and gangs and drugs" or George W. Bush's that "Illegal drugs are the enemies of ambition and hope ... and I intend to do something about it," however ineffective or incidentally calamitous the results. As "America's War on Drugs" asserts again and again, this is an unwinnable war, like the war on terror, defined by unintended consequences, backfiring schemes and collateral damage. The faces change, as do the trade routes and methods of delivery, but the drugs go on.
"America's War on Drugs"
Where: History
When: 9 p.m. Sunday through Wednesday
Rating: TV-14-DLSV (may be unsuitable for children under the age of 14, with advisories for suggestive dialogue, coarse language, sex and violence)
Follow Robert Lloyd on Twitter @LATimesTVLloyd
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The GRID launch trailer shows off plentiful different tracks and cars
GRID is right around the corner and to celebrate, Codemasters has released a new launch trailer, showing off the different tracks and cars players can expect to see. You can check out the GRID launch trailer below:
Codemasters has a long history in the game development scene, especially for racing games. Codemasters has specialized in racing games and they're also the developers of the F1 and Dirt Rally racing series.
If you're interested in learning more about GRID, our own Richard Levine published a preview a few weeks ago. In it, he details what you can expect from the game, his thoughts on the controls, the cars and more. GRID is currently set to release on October 11, 2020.
Like No Other
GRID is all grown up and boy is it good
A strong contender to be your next favorite racing game. It's even better than you hoped it would be.
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Claims for Damages Due to International Terrorism
This example was created for training and is not official agency text.
The amount of expenses reimbursed to a claimant under this subpart shall be reduced by any amount that the claimant receives from a collateral source in connection with the same act of international terrorism. In cases in which a claimant receives reimbursement under this subpart for expenses that also will or may be reimbursed from another source, the claimant shall subrogate the United States to the claim for payment from the collateral source up to the amount for which the claimant was reimbursed under this subpart.
If you get a payment from a collateral source, we will reduce our payment by the amount you get. If you get payments from us and from a collateral source for the same expenses, you must pay us back the amount we paid you.


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Emerging Opportunities in Chocolate Syrup Market with Current Trends Analysis
Posted by Shirish Wadaskar on March 30th, 2017
Chocolate has been traditionally used as a flavoring ingredient in various food products such as cakes, ice-creams, milk shakes and others. Chocolate syrup also known as chocolate flavored condiments, is a concentrated solution of chocolate primarily used as a topping or dessert sauce in various desserts. Cocoa powdered, sweetener such as sugar, corn syrup and others are some of the key ingredients for chocolate syrup. Increased usage of chocolate syrup as a flavor enhancer in coffee, tea, milkshakes, cakes and others is expected to support the market growth over the forecast period.
Chocolate Syrup Market Segmentation
Chocolate syrup is segmented on the basis of type which includes organic and conventional. Among both of these segments conventional chocolate syrup has been estimated to account for major share in terms of value and expected to be remain dominant over the forecast period. Organic chocolate syrup is expected to create relatively higher CAGR over the forecast period. Due to increasing awareness among the consumers towards healthy lifestyle they are continuously switching towards organic products which is expected to fuel the segment growth over the forecast period.
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Chocolate Syrup market is further segmented on the basis of distribution channel which includes hypermarket/supermarket, convenience stores, specialty outlet, grocery stores and online retailing. Among all these segments hypermarket/supermarket is expected to account for major market share during the forecast period. Increasing penetration of retail industry especially in developing regions such as Asia Pacific, Middle East and others is expected to support the hypermarket/supermarket segment growth in chocolate syrup market during the forecast period. Online retailing segment in chocolate syrup market is expected represent favorable growth in the near future. Increasing internet penetration level and rising consumer influence towards online shopping is expected to support the segment growth over the forecast period.
Regional Outlook
Geographically in chocolate syrup market Western Europe is expected to account for the major market share followed by North America during the forecast period. Western Europe is one of the largest consumers for chocolate, which is expected to support of the market growth in the region. However these region is expected to account for moderate growth due to mature market. Among North American region U.S. is expected to be the major contributor in terms of revenue followed by Canada. Moreover Asia pacific is expected to show the favorable growth during the forecast period followed by Latin America. In Asia pacific region China and India is expected to account for the substantial growth due to increased demand for chocolate based or chocolate flavored products. Moreover in Latin America Brazil is expected to be the major contributor in terms of revenue followed by Mexico.
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Chocolate Syrup Market Drivers & Restraints
Increased used of chocolate syrup as a toppings or flavor enhancer in desserts such as ice-cream, pan cakes, coffee, pastries and others is expected to support the market growth over the forecast period. Coffee shops or cafes are of the largest consumer for chocolate syrup, thus increasing penetration of coffee shops in developing countries such as India, China, Brazil and others is further expected to fuel the market growth in the near future. However, increased lifestyle disorders such as obesity, diabetes and others in developed economies are leading to various health problems which may include respiratory disorders, heart ailments, anxiety and others. All these factors has led consumers to get inclined towards healthier food options and products containing low calorie or sugar level. Thus, this may restrain the market growth in the near future.
Chocolate Syrup Market: Key Players
Some of the major key players operating in chocolate syrup market includes Santa Cruz Natural Incorporated, AH!LASKA, THE HERSHEY COMPANY, The J. M. Smucker Company, Bosco Products, Inc, Walden Farms, and Nestlé S.A.among others.
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About the AuthorShirish Wadaskar
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It's been a busy and chaotic month. I've taken the next step in my 'pay the bills' career, and that has forced some changes in the way I can approach what I do here and other places to promote indie music. Time is a little more precious and there is not as much of it to use doing what I truly love, but I will find a routine and rhythm that allows me to continue being a productive resource for the indie music community.
That previous paragraph may sound like I've ground to a halt when nothing could be further from the truth. A number of projects I am working on are running at warp speed. Some of these I can talk about, others I can't at this time. But one thing rings true with all of them- a community is being built that can ultimately take on the big corporate music machine that has ravaged the industry. Once again, David is taking on Goliath and I believe there can be a happy ending to the story.
One of the new communities coming to life in the indie music world and starting to make an impact is the International Singer Songwriters Association. Started by Tamanie Dove, herself an independent singer-songwriter, the ISSA is a not-for-profit association dedicated to supporting and serving independent artists, and encouraging aspiring and professional songwriters in all genres of music worldwide. In 5 short months, ISSA boasts a membership of over 5000 artists spanning a wide variety of musical styles from around the world. Most importantly, it does so with no cost to the artist.
I've witnessed some of the work of ISSA first hand. Whether it be teaching new artists how to write a bio, put together an EPK or offering assistance in finding the necessary resources to become a successful recording artist, the flow of information has been astounding to watch. Seasoned artists are passing along the tricks of the trade to the new generation, and ISSA can boast over 5000 members in its first five months of existence. It has been a wonderful thing to watch, and I know there are even more great things in store for the members of ISSA.
Very shortly after ISSA was formed, I was approached to become a partner in their efforts, one of the first to be asked. I have to admit more than a little shock at the request. After all, I'm just a small-time blogger, a social media micro influencer and on-air personality on a small (but quickly growing) internet radio station. I'm still more than a little baffled, but extremely honored to associated with such a wonderful organization. A large part of my plans for 2019 revolves around this partnership with ISSA, which I'll talk about in the coming months. Don't worry- everything else I've been doing will still be there. There will just be more of me around. I hope that is viewed as a good thing.
The story could end there, but it doesn't. Over the last few months, a partnership of sorts has developed between ISSA and Music Mafia Radio. Two months ago, Rick Landstrom made the decision to dedicate our live Friday night program to showcase the members of ISSA. For some of these artists, it may be the first time they have heard their material on the air. It has been a wonderful thing to see and hear, and successful to the point where we talk about expanding ISSA programming in the future.
It all sounds great, but there is even more. Most recently, talk has turned from the performers to the songwriters themselves. In many cases, a songwriter may write great material but not be able to translate that into the kind of performance they would like for their work. Hell, I fall into that category- I can write and arrange music all day long, but no longer possess the fluency to bring it to life. For a pure songwriter, it can be challenging to get your music seriously heard.
Once again, here comes Rick Landstrom with an idea. Music Mafia Radio has now dedicated a page on its website to songwriters, a place where they can post their demos in the hopes that an artist likes what they hear and works with the songwriter to bring the song to life. This is something that is unheard of in the radio industry- connecting songwriters with performers.
When I heard the idea, I immediately became excited. It excites me because I am seeing folks thinking outside the traditional boxes to find ways to get the exposure and acclaim that many of these artists so richly deserve. People are willing to shed the traditional boundaries of their position in the industry to grow the industry in a positive way. And there is one more thing these people share- they are not receiving or expecting a single penny for their services from the artists. It is all being provided at no cost.
I titled this article, "The Power of Building a Community." Hopefully, you see the power of what is going on with Music Mafia Radio and the International Singer Songwriters Association. I can tell you this is only the beginning. There is much more to come from both of these organizations, and I am more than a little bit excited to be a part of it. This is a story you'll want to follow, as I believe there are some great things in store for independent artists in a big way. Stay tuned.
You can get more information about ISSA at https://issasongwriters.com. Find out more about Music Mafia Radio at http://musicmafiaradio.net. You can listen to Cozmic Debris at his new time of 10:30am Eastern every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday on Music Mafia Radio at http://musicmafiaradio.net.


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It was just an amazing experience from beginning to end.
The whole idea of having a meeting of sewing bloggers was initiated by Sweet Annika and Gioia (Dotta) a few months ago. They organized it with patience and a lot of commitment! they were amazing.
When I finally took my seat on the train that would take me to Paris aftern months of emails, it was finally getting real!!
Then we met Marta who is so lovely and fun. In the evening Victoria arrived from England. Oh , it was really getting real!
I was really scared at first they would not appreciate me, you know, the real un-edited me, slightly crazy and totally loud! But they did not seem to be put off ! strangely!!!
And I must say I left 13 friends behind, 13 ladies that I truly respect and appreciate. We had so much fun, we talked and laughed so much together I lost my voice and it took me a whole week to recover it. My kids say I left my voice in Paris, but I believe i left a piece of my heart too!
We stayed in a dormroom in St Christopher's Inn, a great place, perfectly placed in Paris. They were so kind to offer to each of us a 50 % discount on our rooms! and the view from our roof top room was just AMAZING!! bonjour PARIS!!!!
Of course there was a LOT of sewing talk involved: I mean a LOT!! It was so cool to be able to be around ladies who would wonder at the fabric or the pattern you are wearing!! So relaxing let me tell you!! I felt like I could really be myself, especially with no children around!!
And of course , there was a lot of fabric shopping involved too!
Petit Pan has the most beautiful and colorful fabrics and notions. I adore the japanese feel of their patterns and we were just "ohs and ahs"!!
I snapped this photo of my dearest Annika from Naeh-connection: she is the most wonderful lady and she was such a great leader during our trip!
On saturday we also went to Montmartre and I must say the Sacré Coeur moved me to tears. I was just so beautiful and surreal.
As it Seams was my companion that day as we split in small groups to wonder around Montmartre. We walked the cobbled streets of that gorgeous area and had a coffe in a very french café! so cute! We had a very special afternoon together, I will never forget.
Walking back along the Seine, we found this giant blackboard and left an ephemeral mark of our passage there!!
On saturday night we had dinner at Les Quilles, along the canal Saint Martin. The food was delicious and the owner was so very welcoming!
I came back home exhausted but so happy. And my suitcase was full of marvelous fabrics and notions!!
Here is a part of what I took back home:
And this cute panda print was included in our sponsors bag of goodies: Alles für Selbermacher:


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What's the Weather Like in Santorini in January?
Santorini, Greece, is a beautiful place to visit, even in January! Although it's the coldest month of the year for the island, it's still much more pleasant than it is for most of northern Europe or the UK at the same time of year.
How Hot Is Santorini In January?
At this time of year, the average temperature for Santorini is 12ºC, which is made up of highs of 14ºC and lows of 10ºC. Even though it only happens on an average of once every ten days, temperatures can sometimes rise above 18°C or fall below 10°C.
Does It Rain In Santorini In January?
In January, Santorini receives an average of 70.5mm of rainfall, which is spread out between ten rainy days. With almost 1/3 of the month being subject to precipitation, there's a good chance you'll experience a shower or two during your holiday.
Sunshine Hours and Sea Temperature
Santorini enjoys an average of seven hours of sunshine every day in January, giving you plenty of opportunities to explore the island, even if it is a bit too chilly to hit the beach. With a cool average sea water temperature of 16°C, you wouldn't want to take a dip in the sea, anyway.
How Humid Is Santorini In January?
In January, the relative humidity for the island ranges between 59% (mildly humid) and 83% (humid), rarely rising above 94% (very humid) or falling below 48% (comfortable). every four.
Is Santorini WIndy In January?
Throughout the month, typical wind speed fluctuates between light and fresh breeze, rarely exceeding strong winds.
Santorini Hotels for January
Anastasis Apartments
Located on the outskirts of Imerovigli, Anastasis Apartments are one of the most popular holiday complexes in the whole of Santorini. Here you'll find accommodation in the form of apartments, suites and villas, providing something to suit all budgets. There is a wealth of services and facilities available onsite, including swimming pools, sun decks, heated Jacuzzi, massages and beauty treatments, private parking and restaurant.
Enigma Apartments & Suites
If you can afford to splash out on your holiday, consider staying at Enigma Apartments & Suites. This complex is located in the heart of Fira, close to a great selection of amenities and attractions. Here guests can choose between suites, apartments and studios, several of which feature Jacuzzis. Onsite facilities and services include swimming pool, solarium, terrace, massage services, bar, free WiFi access throughout and free parking.
Zorzis Hotel
When it comes to beachside accommodation, it doesn't get much better than Zorzis Hotel. This hotel is found just 250 metres away from the beach and provides guests with spacious and comfortable accommodation. Visitors are encouraged to take full advantage of the services and amenities available onsite, including swimming pool, garden, free WiFi access and spa. Keep in mind that Zorzis Hotel doesn't accept guests under 15 years old.
Bars and Restaurants
Metaxi Mas
Situated in the quaint hillside village of Exo Gonia, Metaxi Mas is the place to go for holidaymakers looking for authenticity during their visit to Santorini. This cosy, friendly establishment serves a range of classic local and Cretan recipes in a unique environment with classic views. Do as the locals do and order a round of Ouzo as an aperitif with your meal.
Taverna Glaros
Another Santorini establishment which provides a truly quintessential Greek island dining experience is Taverna Glaros in Akrotiri. Offering tasty meze dishes which have stood the test of time, and very generous portions, there are few diners who leave this place feeling dissatisfied. Family recipes are the order of the day here and the taverna's popularity among locals attests to its reputation as one of the best eateries on the island.
2 Brothers Bar
If you're looking for somewhere to hang out during the evenings, head to 2 Brothers Bar in Fira. Operating since 1983, this serves as one of the most popular watering holes on the island and provides a range of beers, spirits and wines. From 9.30pm onwards DJs take over the place and it's a popular spot to dance to some music; bear in mind that this bar is cash-only.
Things to do in Santorini in January
Santorini Tour
Santorini is internationally renowned for its fantastic sunsets and one of the very best ways to see them is onboard a tour. The Santorini Travel & Transfer Services Group offers a superb tour which stops at three must-see sites on the island before ending an Oia to watch the sun set.
The first stop is to see the church on Panagia Episkopi the oldest church on the island then it's on to Pyrgos for a walk in the Medieval Castelli. After that you'll visit the monastery of Prophet Elias where you can soak up the views before heading down to Oia just in time to watch the sun set. The tour lasts around four hours from start to finish.
Santorini Adventures
The cool winter temperatures make January a great month for exploring the island. Santorini Adventures rents out a selection of different bikes, so whether you're interested in cycling throughout the natural volcanic terrain, through the cobbled village streets or both they'll have the perfect bike for you. If you don't want to venture out on your own, you'll be pleased to hear that Santorini Adventures also offers various guided tours, ranging from round tips to island-wide cycling tours.
Helicopter Excursion
Get a completely different view of Santorini by signing up for a helicopter excursion. Although they're quite pricey when compared to other activities on the island, the helicopter flights are great fun. There are three different itineraries to choose from, each of which lasts for a different duration and covers a different part of the island. The most comprehensive experience is the 30-minute flight which features the best that Santorini has to offer, including the caldera, volcano and beaches.


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Water for Life~Water Music and Celebration
2Rivers Festival May and June 2016
Story from the 2Rivers Festival....
2Rivers Festival Wrap-up
The fifth annual 2Rivers Festival came to a close with the last event on June 25. Just over 600 people attended the 16 days of festival events and activities the months of May and June. We are excited that the festival was so well received by our community! If you enjoyed the festival and would like to offer your ideas and energy towards making next year's festival even better, please consider becoming a volunteer trainee on our steering committee. Please contact Leanne Johns at [email protected] to learn more.
Nature on our Banks
Bluebelt in the Greenbelt
Other ways to Help.....Doing the work to safeguard our water requires all hands on deck. We are all WATER WATCHERS!
Please give of your time or money generously. Make us stronger. Make us more powerful. And let's defend our waters together.
If you are richer in time then money, please
VOLUNTEERIf you are richer in money than time, please
DONATEWith sincere thanks in advance!
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Alaska Board of Fisheries to Hold Work Session Meeting in Girdwood, October 9- 10, 2013
- ADF&G Press Release
Cora Campbell, Commissioner
P.O. Box 115526
Juneau, Alaska 99811
Phone: (907) 465-6166 - Fax: (907) 465-2332
Press Release: September 25, 2013
Contact: Glenn Haight, (907) 465-6095
Alaska Board of Fisheries to Hold Work Session Meeting in Girdwood, October 9- 10, 2013
The Alaska Board of Fisheries (board) will meet October 9-10, 2013, at the Alyeska Resort, at 1000 Arlberg Avenue, Girdwood, Alaska, beginning at 8:30 a.m. No regulatory action will be taken at this meeting. Agenda topics include: election of officers; agenda change requests; petitions; meeting organization and establishment of committees for 2013/2014 cycle; informational reports and/or administrative issues that may come before the board.
These meetings are open to the public, but no oral public testimony will be taken. Written comments may be mailed to: Boards Support Section, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK 99811-5526, or faxed to: (907) 465-6094. A live audio stream is intended to be available on the Board of Fisheries' website at http://www.boardoffisheries.adfg.alaska.gov.
The agenda and any other meeting documents, including agenda change requests, will be available prior to the meeting on the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Board of Fisheries, meeting information webpage at: http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=fisheriesboard.meetinginfo.


text: AgroTechFarm ICO is a campaign to build a global organic food ecosystem. The core of this system, ATF is a revolutionary appliance that facilitates the fully automated cultivation of green food and cannabis (available only in the countries where its use is legal). AgroTechFarm is raising funds to quickly scale the production of the devices, go global, and make fresh, organic green food available across the world.


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I know it's a little early but as I'm getting in the Christmas spirit, I'm sharing my latest piece of work which I designed for a christmas card, I hope you enjoy it. Merry Christmas everyone and have a lovely festive holiday!
Wednesday 16 December 2009
Tuesday 8 December 2009
Colour your world
Pastel Cats by Tim Walker
It's been a while since I last posted and even now it's just a quickie! I recently read up on this enticing exhibition of delicious colour! Colour Exhibition works on the simple idea of exploring the way colour photography has changed the way we look at the world by concentrating on a group of artists whose work is defined by colour. I was particularly drawn to this write up by the images containing symphonies of pastels, and palettes of primaries. I also like the subject matters which simply convey the luxury of colour whilst giving the viewer a feeling of kitsch pleasure, but once again I am put out that this is another show I wont be able to see with my own eyes! Why are they always in London?
Colour exhibition
Micheal Hoppen Gallery
25 Nov - 9 Jan
Continuing the theme of photography; the full set of photos from the October shoot The Chantilly Belles did with Candee Photography can now be seen on our myspace page!
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Phone: +61 2 4626 7777, +61 2 4626 7766
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When it comes to fashion, we love the big cities like New York and Paris. But when it comes to friendliness, we love it right here in the Midwest! When searching for your perfect wedding dress, bridesmaid dresses, tuxes or more, the experts at White Dress Bridal Boutique offer you the best of both worlds! Owner Christina Alexander Wegner joins to discuss how she has married big city luxury and fashion with Milwaukee's friendly service and attention to detail.
White Dress Bridal Boutique is located at 237 E. Pittsburgh Avenue in Milwaukee. For more information, call (414) 897-7208 or visit WhiteDressBridalBoutique.com.


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Rocky The Rooster has been forced to call on good mate Mitchell Pearce to get him inside Roosters HQ after rugby league's most famous mascot forgot to renew his Official Membership!
Deadline Day for Membership Renewals is fast approaching, this Friday 7 November, and to ensure you're REPRESENTING from the same seat next season make sure you sign-on for 2015 before the week's end.
Signing up for your 2015 Membership now also puts you automatically in the running to be a part of Robbo's 2015 Auckland Nines Squad!
To renew your Membership and for all the info you need about 2015 Membership Packages CLICK HERE


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Core Vision® collaborates with the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) starting in March. SBA an administration is an independent agency of the federal government to aid, counsel, assist and protect the interests of small business concerns. SBA provides financing and counselling for small businesses and low-cost training for entrepreneurs. Below are the rs we dates for seminars Core Vision and SBA will host collaboratively:
March 22- Start a business for financial freedom.
June 28- Writing a business plan in 8 steps for a successful business.
September 27- Marketing, business life blood, become a master.
December 13- Business with U.S. Government, get empower


text: Paper and Cardboard Recycling Paper & cardboard recycling in the UK is a major success story Recycling is an intrinsic part of the paper loop. Around 80% of UK-made paper utilises recovered paper which is by far the biggest source of recyclate from domestic waste streams. The sale of this paper results in millions of pounds being paid to local authorities – income used to support the cost of collections. A strong domestic recycling base is needed to reprocess this constant stream of material. However, as recycling rates have increased, and the number of UK mills has fallen, the amount of recyclate exported has increased, meaning that more than half of the paper collected for recycling in the UK is now reprocessed overseas – both exposing collections to the vagaries of international markets and being a missed opportunity to add value and jobs here in the UK. Recovered paper (used paper) is the most important raw material for the UK paper and board industry, representing over 70% of the fibre used to manufacture paper and board in the UK in 2019. This equates to 3.1 million tonnes of paper and cardboard products being collected. Once used paper and cardboard is collected, graded, and any contaminants removed, it becomes 'recovered paper', the UK's 'Urban Forest'. Recycle Now Campaign CPI is pleased to support WRAP's Recycle Now Campaign. Learn More Simple Rules for Recycling Almost any used papers can be recycled, including newspapers, cardboard, packaging, stationery, 'direct mail', magazines, catalogues, greeting cards and wrapping paper. It is important that these papers are kept separate from other household waste as papers contaminated with food waste or broken glass, for example, cannot easily be recycled. Recycling used paper and cardboard also has carbon benefits in comparison to landfilling or incinerating the material with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Follow the links below for fact sheets and further information about recycling: Recovery and Recycling of Paper and Board How to Recycle Your Paper Recycling for Businesses Quality Counts CPI Statement on BBC Watchdog Programme and Pizza Boxes On the evening of Tuesday 2nd May 2018, the BBC Watchdog consumer programme screened a short feature on the recyclability of pizza boxes. The feature is close to the end of the programme, which can be viewed on BBC iplayer. It was filmed some weeks ago and the programme makers were in contact with CPI and were advised that the industry position was under review and likely to change. Since then, and as a result of an on-going review by the CEPI Raw Materials committee and independent of the programme, we are delighted to announce a revision to guidelines being given to the public and local authorities on the recyclability of food stained and marked packaging. Industry guidance is as now follows: "Pizza boxes that are stained or marked should be considered recyclable and can now be collected in the usual paper and board stream. Stains or marks from contact with food do not prohibit paper and board from being recycled. Contamination with food stuffs is not acceptable. Food stuffs means visible quantities of pieces of food. Packaging containing solid food should be cleaned so there is no solid food contamination before being recycled. If cleaning is impossible, it should be discarded with the residual waste. Society is changing and the paper packaging industry recognises the need to adapt to evolving social habits and the requirements of its customers. This change is an acknowledgement of the need to align industry's needs with those of its stakeholders and society at large. CPI continues to work with the industry to agree consistent public messages about recyclability that are simple, realistic and realisable within UK recovery and recycling systems." Paper Myths & Facts Environmental issues related to paper are a source of numerous misconceptions. Innovation has been at the heart of papermaking for nearly two thousand years and it would be hard to imagine what life would be like without paper. Papermaking Process Timber used for papermaking comes from well managed forests where more trees are planted than harvested to ensure sustainable growth. Papermakers usually use only the parts of the tree that other commercial industries don't want – such as saw mill waste and forest thinnings. Some of the pulp properties depend upon the process used to separate the fibres from the timber. The main processes are called mechanical and chemical.