text:
Smallpox is a viral infection. It is highly contagious and can be deadly. The disease was eliminated worldwide. This was done through global immunization programs. The last known natural occurring human case was in 1977. Governments have studied its use as a germ-warfare weapon. As a weapon, it would be released in the air. Those exposed could develop the disease. They would then pass it to other people.
Vaccination and Lymph System |
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
Smallpox is caused by a virus called Variola major. It is spread:
- Through the airborne droplets of infected saliva.
- Between people who have direct contact.
- Through the handling of contaminated items. The virus is then transferred to the nose or mouth.
Risk Factors
The main risk factor for contracting smallpox is exposure to the virus in a laboratory or after its release during a biological terrorism attack.
Symptoms usually occur about 12-17 days after exposure. Hemorrhagic or malignant symptoms usually do not appear until death is near.
Early symptoms (2-4 days) include:
- High fever
- Fatigue
- Severe headache
- Backache
- Stomach pain
- Fatigue
- Sore throat
- Nausea and vomiting
- Delirium
2 to 3 days later:
- Rash appears on the mouth, throat, face, and arms, then spreads to the legs and trunk
- Red, flat lesions
- Lesions appear at the same time
- Lesions fill with fluid, then pus
- Crusts form during the second week
- Scabs form and fall off after 3-4 weeks
Hemorrhagic symptoms include:
- High fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Backache
- Possible stomach pain
- Dark red coloration
- Bleeding into the skin and mucus membranes
Malignant symptoms include:
- High fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Backache
- Slowly developing lesions that remain soft and flat
- Skin looks like reddish-colored crepe rubber
- Large amounts of skin may peel, if the person with smallpox survives
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A possible source of exposure will be looked for. A physical exam will be done.
Test may include:
- Examination of saliva and fluid from skin lesions under a microscope
- Taking a sample (a culture) of saliva and fluid from skin lesions
- Blood test to detect antibodies to smallpox
No effective treatment for smallpox currently exists. Doctors can offer supportive care. Steps will be taken to prevent the spread to others.
Supportive Care
Fluids are given. The skin is kept clean. Medications can help control fever and pain. Antibiotics do not work against viruses. They may be given if other infections develop.
Public Health Measures
Cases are reported to public health officials. A person infected with smallpox should be kept isolated. This will help prevent the spread of infection.
In most cases, family members would provide care at home. Caregivers should:
- Be vaccinated
- Wear a mask, gloves, goggles, and a gown
- Disinfect clothing, bed linens, and surfaces
People in the hospital will be placed in a special room. In some cases, forced quarantine may be necessary.
Many people were immunized prior to 1972. That protection has likely worn off or decreased. Routine vaccination is not recommended in the US.
An emergency supply of the vaccine is kept. A vaccination within 4 days of exposure may prevent the disease. It can also make symptoms less severe. Anyone in close contact with someone who is infected after the fever has started should receive the vaccine. Medical and emergency personnel also should be given the vaccine.
Two weeks or more could elapse before the first symptoms occur. The success of an attack would depend on the dose that was inhaled. Experts predict most of the released viruses could live in dry, cool air, without sunlight, for up to a day. Each person infected would likely pass the disease to 10 to 20 other people. Those people, in turn, could spread it to others. The fatality rate in naturally occurring smallpox is 30% or higher.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https://www.cdc.gov
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases https://www.niaid.nih.gov
Health Canada https://www.canada.ca
Public Health Ontario http://www.publichealthontario.ca
Breman JG, Henderson DA. Diagnosis and management of smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(17):1300-1308.
Frequently asked questions and anwers on smallpox. World Health Organization website. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/faq/en. Accessed January 29, 2021.
Henderson DA, Inglesby TV, Bartlett JG, et al. Smallpox as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA. 1999;281(22):2127-2137.
Smallpox. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115102/Smallpox . Accessed January 29, 2021.
Smallpox. University of Minnesota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy website. Available at: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/infectious-disease-topics/smallpox. Accessed January 29, 2021.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board David L. Horn, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 03/2020
- Update Date: 01/29/2021


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For eight days, the Syrian regime and an opposition delegation sat face-to-face, but were not on speaking terms in Room 16 of the Palais des Nations in the sprawling complex of United Nations headquarters in Geneva.
Round one demonstrated the bitter divide with no breakthrough on the core issues of a political transition or access to humanitarian aid.
So what comes next?
An agreement to continue the talks remains on hold. The opposition delegates pledged to return to the table in early February. Syrian government negotiators said they would confer with President Bashar Assad before committing to a date.
Despite the lack of progress, there were revealing moments in this seemingly intractable conflict.
The Media War
Both sides claimed to have won the media war in Geneva. But even critics of the intensely fractious Syrian opposition said that after a last-minute vote to attend the talks, the opposition delegation got high marks.
"The only surprising thing was the professionalism of the opposition," said Salman Shaikh, director of the Brookings Doha Center.
The pre-Geneva view was that the opposition coalition would lose any remaining credibility by taking part in the negotiations with the regime. But that was reversed as the delegates remained focused and calm despite regime provocations.
Western backers are now pushing the Syrian National Council to open new channels of communication to different opposition factions to boost credibility inside Syria and particularly with the Russians. The Syrian opposition leader Ahmad Jarba is headed to Moscow next week for the first high-level talks with Russian officials, seen as a new sign of confidence and pragmatism.
No Deal On Aid
The biggest disappointment at the Geneva talks was over one particular failure. Western diplomats were convinced an aid convoy to a long besieged neighborhood in the central Syrian city of Homs would be a "quick win," a confidence-building measure on the opening day.
Weeks before the talks, the International Committee of the Red Cross and Syrian aid groups had drawn up a detailed plan for aid convoys to roll into a rebel stronghold in the old quarter of Homs, encircled by regime forces for more than a year, where living conditions for some 3,000 civilians and rebels are dire.
At first, Syria's U.N. ambassador, representing the regime in the talks, said he had no information on the plan, according to sources close to the talks. He then offered a deal-breaker: The Syrian regime would allow safe passage for women and children, but insisted rebels hand over a list with the names of all the men.
U.N. mediator Lakhdar Brahimi, said he was extremely disappointed that a formula for aid convoys into Homs was beyond reach at the end of the first week of talks.
Joshua Landis, who writes an influential blog on Syria, says the regime pulled back on the deal after U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, in his opening remarks, explicitly called for the Syrian president to step down.
"His insistence that Assad had to go stunned the delegation," said Landis.
The description of U.S. policy ahead of the talks was of constraining Assad rather than removing him, according to a consensus of Washington analysts and administration officials. Landis says that Kerry changed the rules of the game on opening day.
"The only thing Kerry's got is the bully pulpit and he stood up and said, 'No, I am not going to make a deal.' It was a war cry," he says.
Shaeikh disputes the description of the tough opening remarks. "Kerry reassured the opposition and he reassured allies," Shaeikh says. "I would call him the MVP of Geneva."
The Fighting Goes On
No one disputes that the war will go on.
The opposition says more than 1,900 Syrians were killed during the talks, including 433 civilians. A Syrian aid group said 42,000 refugees fled Syria during the talks. Regime war planes pounded the Damascus suburb of Darayya with barrel bombs while negotiators were at work.
The crude weapons are rolled out of helicopters over rebel areas and often devastate civilian neighborhoods. When asked about the tactic, Syria's foreign minister Walid Moallem was reported as saying, "How do you want us to respond to terrorists? Send them an SMS message?"
Expectations for a breakthrough in Geneva are low, but in interviews with diplomats following the talks, it is clear there is no Plan B if negotiations fail.
"Geneva is the best worst idea," explained a Western diplomat.
After a week of talks, Brahimi is nowhere near finding common ground on the contentious issue of a transitional government by "mutual consent," which is the basis for the negotiations. Assad insists he won't step down; the opposition demands his departure.
When Brahimi was asked how he was going to square this impossible circle, he quipped to a room full of journalists, "Ideas? I"ll take them with great pleasure."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
:We Need Your Help!:
We've noticed that the root sticky for your phone has been a little neglected and needs some updating. Please contact us to let us know which are the current, up-to-date root related threads & guides for the Aviator?
You can contact us through http://androidforums.com/private-chat-staff/. This is the preferred method as the entire staff will see this and we can collaborate with you on any changes.
You can also contact a Guide/Mod by PM, or report a post (and explain why you're reporting the post).
Just make sure that you let us know what area you are asking for updates to no matter what method you use to contact us.
Thanks for helping us make the site better!!
-AF Staff


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At Cariad we appreciate that your home is your most valuable asset and is very personal to you, the decision to sell or rent is often not taken lightly so it is important that you put it in the hands of a company that you can trust and feel comfortable with.
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If you would like to call Jo to find out what Cariad Property can do for you, just call 01495 442315 today.


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I'm the Managing Editor of Business Insider, which means I'm responsible for all of the editorial hiring here.
So I'm constantly meeting people of all different levels, from interns to senior editors.
Lately, the majority of people I interview have one thing in common.
They're all messing up on something that I think is very important when trying to get a job: the Thank You Email.
Whether we spent thirty minutes meeting in the offices; we Skyped because you're abroad for your Junior spring semester; or we did a quick first-round phone interview, too many people are forgetting to follow up later that day or the next day with a quick email.
It doesn't have to be anything too involved. Truthfully, the shorter the better.
The Thank You Email should say a few simple things:
-Thank you for meeting (or talking) with me.
-I really want this job.
-Quick plug about why I'm perfect for it.
If I DON'T get a Thank You Email, here's what happens:
-I assume you don't want the job
-I think you're disorganized and forgot about following up
-There is a much higher shot I'll forget about you
Here's an example of a good Thank You Email:


text:
Can masturbation affect menstruation? And will it also make it harder for a woman to get pregnant when the time comes to have kids?
– Sofia*
No. Masturbation will not interfere with periods or getting pregnant.
You might hear all sorts of crazy stuff about masturbation — that it can cause diseases, stunt your growth, cause mental problems, lead to blindness, or stop a person from having children. But those things aren't true.
Masturbation is often considered a private topic and some people may feel embarrassed to talk about it. And when people are too embarrassed to talk or ask about something, they might hear and believe things that aren't accurate.
If you have worries or questions about masturbation, talk to a doctor, nurse, health counselor, or someone in your family.
*Names have been changed to protect user privacy.
Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD
Date Reviewed: May 1, 2017
By using this site, you consent to our use of cookies. To learn more, read our privacy policy.


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Exposure of Impacted Teeth Overland Park
What is an impacted tooth?
An impacted tooth simply means that it is "stuck" and cannot erupt into function. Patients frequently develop problems with impacted third molar (wisdom) teeth. These teeth get "stuck" in the back of the jaw and can develop painful infections, among a host of other problems (see Wisdom Teeth under Procedures). Since there is rarely a functional need for wisdom teeth, they are usually extracted if they develop problems. The maxillary cuspid (upper eyetooth) is the second most common tooth to become impacted. The cuspid tooth is a critical tooth and plays an important role in your "bite". The cuspid teeth are very strong biting teeth and have the longest roots of any human teeth. They are designed to be the first teeth that touch when your jaws close together so they guide the rest of the teeth into the proper bite.
Normally, the maxillary cuspid teeth are the last of the "front" teeth to erupt into place. They usually come into place around age 13 and cause any space left between the upper front teeth to close tighter together. If a cuspid tooth gets impacted, every effort is made to get it to erupt into its proper position. The techniques involved to aid eruption can be applied to any impacted tooth in the upper or lower jaw, but most commonly they are applied to the maxillary cuspid (upper eye) teeth. Sixty percent of these impacted eyeteeth are located on the palatal (roof of the mouth) side of the dental arch. The remaining impacted eye teeth are found in the middle of the supporting bone, but are stuck in an elevated position above the roots of the adjacent teeth, or are out to the facial side of the dental arch.
Get the smile you've always wanted!
For more information about Exposure of Impacted Tooth or to schedule a consultation with our top Oral Surgeon Dr. Faerber, call our Overland Park KS office at Overland Park Office Phone Number 913-469-8895 or
Early Recognition of Impacted Eyeteeth Is the Key to Successful Treatment
The older the patient the more likely an impacted eyetooth will not erupt by natural forces alone, even if space is available for the tooth to fit in the dental arch. A panoramic x-ray, along with a dental examination, will help determine whether all the adult teeth are present or if some adult teeth are missing.
Treatment may require referral to an oral surgeon for the extraction of over-retained baby teeth and/or selected adult teeth that are blocking the eruption of the all-important eyeteeth. The oral surgeon will also need to remove any extra teeth (supernumerary teeth) or growths that are blocking the eruption of any adult teeth.
Impacted tooth success by patient's age:
- 11-12 years old – with space opened for eruption, good chance for success.
- 13-14 years old – the impacted eyetooth will not erupt by itself, even with the space cleared for its eruption.
- Over 40 years old – a much higher chance that the tooth will be fused in position. The only option is to extract the impacted tooth and replace it with a crown on a dental implant or a fixed bridge.
What happens if the eyetooth will not erupt when proper space is available?
In cases where the eyeteeth will not erupt spontaneously, the orthodontist and oral surgeon will work together to get these teeth to erupt. Each case must be evaluated on an individual basis, but treatment will usually involve a combined effort between the orthodontist and the oral surgeon. The oral surgeon will expose and bracket the impacted eyetooth.
The goal is to erupt the impacted tooth and not to extract it. Once the tooth has moved into its final position, the gum around it will be evaluated. In some circumstances, there may be some minor "gum surgery" required.
Exposure and Bracketing of an Impacted Cuspid
What to expect from surgery to expose & bracket an impacted tooth
The surgery to expose and bracket an impacted tooth is a very straightforward surgical procedure that is performed in the oral surgeon's office. For most patients, it is performed using laughing gas and local anesthesia. In selected cases, it will be performed under IV sedation if the patient desires to be asleep, but this is generally not necessary for this procedure. If the procedure only requires exposing the tooth with no bracketing, the time required will be shortened by about one half. These issues will be discussed in detail at your preoperative consultation with your doctor.
Refer to Preoperative Instructions under Surgical Instructions on this website for a review of any details.
Simply call Faerber Surgical Arts at Overland Park Office Phone Number 913-469-8895 if you have any questions.


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Long-standing French clichés took a blow Dec. 29 from an unexpected decision by France's constitutional watchdog. Not only did the Conseil Constitutionnel strike down the kind of new tax hikes that have made France infamous abroad. In doing so, the Conseil prohibited a pending 75% income-tax rise on France's wealthiest people — another French fiscal move that has generated much negative attention around the world.
More uncharacteristic still, while the 75% boost was designed to finally make France's underpaying wealthy class start contributing its full share to public finances, the Conseil rejected the measure in defense of French revolutionary ideals of égalité before the law. As a result, Socialist President François Hollande must now scramble to revise his soak-the-rich legislation — a largely symbolic initiative whose constitutional rejection represents a significant political embarrassment.
(MORE: François Hollande: France Needs a Return to Fairness)
The Conseil invalidated the 75% tax hike on people whose income exceed $1.28 million per year on the grounds it failed to respect constitutional promises of "equality before public burdens." It also struck down several other elements in the same budget law it was part of, including creation of tougher rules and calculations on how accumulated wealth, capital gains and some stock options are taxed. Opposition conservatives who filed the successful objection to the Conseil on Dec. 20 — the same day the law was passed — rejoiced at Saturday's decision.
"The decisions of the Conseil Constitutionnel rebuke the fiscal harassment and demagoguery of François Hollande," tweeted former conservative Prime Minister François Fillon.
"François Hollande played the French people for fools when he told them he'd straighten France out by increasing taxes on our wealthiest citizens," echoed conservative legislator Christian Jacob, leader of the formerly ruling Union for a Popular Movement party's parliamentary caucus.
The Conseil's announcement was a major political and perhaps personal setback for Hollande, whose approval ratings since his May election have plunged to a current 37%. Indeed, his campaign promise to raise the marginal rate of households earning more than $1.28 million to 75% (from France's current top rate of 46.7%) was applauded by nearly three-quarters of public opinion — including many conservatives — polls showed. It was also among the main progressive measures analysts credited with helping Hollande beat conservative incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy.
(MORE: Tax the Rich? French and British Leaders Spar over Plans to Make Wealthy Pay Up)
Since then, however, voters have soured on Hollande's careful pace of changing and improving France's flat-lining economy. Meantime, in the face of protest from France's wealthiest people — reinforced by criticism abroad — Hollande even softened his 75% tax hike by limiting it to only a couple years. The "justice" of everyone pulling their full weight, French voters were told, would only be applied as long as the nation's debt and economic crisis endured. The ruling by the Conseil means even those jolts to the rich won't happen as of Jan. 1, 2013 as planned.
Yet that doesn't deal a huge blow to the French budget — or doesn't mean Hollande's plans to pinch the rich are dead yet. The decision mainly faults wording of the law focusing on individual income, rather than tax households, as is usual. That detail appears to set an unconstitutionally discriminatory income marker for people who are supposed to be equal before the law, the Conseil suggested. It also creates potentially unfair situations under the law for individual earners — if one household is taxed at 75% when a single working member earns more than $1.28 million, for example, but another escapes that bracket even if both individuals earn $1.15 million.
Significantly, a new, higher tax bracket created in the same law for households earning more than $192,000 passed the Conseil's muster. For that reason, ruling Socialists — led by Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault — responded to Saturday's news by pledging they'll take the Conseil's objections into account when they simply repass reworded legislation back into law.
(MORE: France's Colonial Hangover: Apologizing Abroad, Ignoring Injustice at Home)
Despite the time and vexation that will involve, it won't necessarily be the end of the world for Hollande — or his dig at deep pockets. The right's understandable jubilation over the Conseil's rebuke notwithstanding, conservatives saw several of their own disputed acts returned as legally flawed when they held legislative power. Most of those — including ones that sparked global controversy like the measure recognizing Turkish genocide of Armenians and the 2010 law banning full-body and face veils like the burqa and niqab — were also reworded and revoted into law.
Meantime, the setback won't seriously worsen France's growth-sapped, debt-swamped public finances. Only around 15,000 to 25,000 people in France are estimated to earn enough to qualify for the 75% tax bracket — and many of them had already found legal accounting ruses to bring their reported income under $1.28 million. Even Hollande has never hidden the fact that pinching the affluent was far more significant as a gesture than it could ever be as a revenue generator.
Despite that, controversy has continued to rage over the 75% measure. French media has been rife with reports of millionaires fleeing France to take up foreign homes with lower tax structures — an exodus impossible to prove, given the dearth of righteously infuriated French expats willing to actually identify themselves as victims of abusive French wealth confiscation. The most notable exception to that anonymous rule has been actor Gérard Depardieu, who is seeking official Belgian residence to avoid what he calls outrageously high taxes in France. It's still unknown whether the Conseil's cliché-challenging decision Saturday will suffice to lure home the actor most of the world views as iconic of France itself.
MORE: C'est It Ain't So Gégé: French Actor Depardieu Reportedly Seeks Tax Refuge in Belgium


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What happens when your Sister Site, CrackBerry.com, manages to score a BlackBerry Bold on eBay? What happens after they do their hands-on images, videos, and walkthroughs, that is? What happens is they start sending the beast around the the office. So here we have a full gallery comparing the iPhone and the BlackBerry Bold. Head to head images comparing size, UI, web browser (though that one's not quite fair since the Bold's web browser ain't anywhere near complete yet), and of course media capabilities.
Also after the break, a video walkthrough of the two devices. We've made fun of RIM's claim that the Bold isn't an iClone and now that I'm looking at the two devices side by side on my desk, that fun-making is half-true. Yes, they're different, but the metallic bezel around the edge of a glossy black face sure says "iPhone" to me.
More thoughts and comparisons after the break. What are you waiting for? Read on!
Of course, we're tagging this post Wait-a-Thon, so any commenters (with a valid email address) are automatically entered for a chance to win a $100 iTunes Gift Card. On to the Multimedia Smackdown!
iPhone vs. BlackBerry Bold Video
[gallery lightboxsize="full" columns="2"]
Spec Rundown
Here's the spec rundown, with the advantages in bold (no pun intended)
Spec | iPhone | BlackBerry Bold | |
Size | 4.5" x 2.4" x .46" | 4.48" x 2.6" x .55" | |
Weight | 4.8oz | 4.69oz | |
Memory(Ignoring OS considerations) | up to 16gig storage | 1gig storage + Expansion | |
Battery Life | 8 Hour talk time | 5 hour talk time | |
Network Supprt | Quad-band EDGE | Quad-band HSDPA/EDGE | |
Other Comm | WiFi, Bluetooth, USB via Dock Connector | WiFi, Bluetooth, GPS, USB via mini-USB | |
Display | 480x320 touchscreen | 480x320 non-touchscreen | |
Media Support | Auido: AAC, Protected AAC, MP3, MP3 VBR, Audible (formats 1, 2, and 3), Apple Lossless, AIFF, and WAV; Video: .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats | Audio: .3gp, MP3, WMA9 (.wma/.asf), WMA9 Pro/WMA 10, MIDI, AMR-NB, Professional AAC/AAC+/eAAC+; Video: DivX 4, Div X 5 & 6 are partially supported, XviD is partially supported, H.263, H.264 and WMV3, syncs with iTunes but likely not as well as iPhone | |
Camera | 2 megapixel | 2 megapixel with flash | |
UI | Touchscreen, Apple MoJo | non-touchscreen, trackball + BB Menu confusion | |
Web | Mobile Safari | Don't look directly at the screen | |
iPhone Mail client needs lots of taps | BlackBerry == email power |
...We could really go on and on with this chart, for every advantage we can think of for one, it seems to get cancelled out by an advantage by the other. Overall, though the BlackBerry Bold's new look -- both the iPhone-esque shell and the Sony-esque new skin on the UI -- doesn't change the fact that underneath it all this is still a BlackBerry. It's still more corporate friendly than consumer friendly.


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Creede & Mineral County Visitor Center & Chamber of Commerce
Open Tue-Sat 9am - 4pm, Lunch 1-2
904 S. Main St., PO Box 580
Creede CO 81130
Area Information Located North of Door. Free WiFi is always on!
Donations are appreciated. As a non-profit organization, we thrive on the kindness and charity of our visitors. Thank you!


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By Cassandra Profita, OPB
Swimming through cities is a fact of life for many salmon in the Northwest. With all their pavement and pollution, cities add to the challenges salmon face as they make their way to the ocean and back to their spawning grounds.
Alan Yeakley is the director of the School of the Environment at Portland State University and co-author of Wild Salmonids in the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest. The book sets out to answer a key question: Can wild salmon populations coexist with humans in urban areas?
EarthFix reporter Cassandra Profita sat down with Yeakley to talk about exactly why cities are such a problem for salmon and steelhead in the Northwest, and what urban-dwellers can do about it.
Cassandra Profita: Tell me what got you interested in this topic. I think of it as salmon in the city.
Alan Yeakley: When the focus has been so strongly and of course rightly so on the wild land areas, agricultural areas, forested areas, the hinterlands. That's most of the land surface, the land area, but yet it has always been recognized that these fish have to go through these lethal urban areas. So, any fish going through the entire Willamette Basin has to go through Portland. Any fish going in the Columbia Basin has to at least go through the area between Portland and Vancouver, and with those toxics coming off the streets with the sediments coming in the higher temperatures that city environments create, it's quite a challenge for fish to go through those areas and yet it represents such a large part of the Pacific Northwest that they have to pass through twice in their lifetime.
Profita: So, are you looking at what challenges salmonids have in urban environments?
Yeakley: Yes, they range across a whole suite of issues. And it ranges from physical impacts from sediment coming into the streams at higher rates coming off of our roads, the toxic elements that are coming in either from automobile exhaust or waste, or from fertilizer that people are applying to their yards, from industrial sites. Just all manner of – you know that toxic soup that is produced from cities that hits these streams.
Every time somebody steps on the brakes in their car – including me. Today I drove my car in so that had some impact on salmon. And we're all doing this. We're all having these tiny little impacts that add up. We know from copper in the brake pads that has a sub-lethal effect. In other words, it's an effect that won't kill the fish but it will reduce their ability to function, just having some presence of copper in the water that's coming off those brake pads. So, these everyday practices that we do, watering our lawns too much so that the water doesn't just soak into the lawn but goes out into the street and moves into the street, particularly if we put too many pesticides, herbicides or insecticides. The insecticides affect the insects in the stream and those insects are part of the salmon's diet. So any extra insecticides we're putting in our yards that go into the stream will then affect the fish. These are indirect effects, but they're still effects.
Profita: Did you look into how salmonid populations are actually doing in urban environments? Did you look at their numbers?
Yeakley: From the city of Portland we work with Chris Prescott. He and others are doing comprehensive surveys of these salmonid populations. They do them on a routine basis every year. trying to understand population levels of salmonids. And recently Chris sent me some data about a month ago, actually, from some some encouraging results for native fish populations in Portland urban streams including salmonids that are on the uptick. So there are some encouraging results from Portland. There are also encouraging results from other cities such as Boise and Seattle and some of the other surrounding metropolitan areas in the Pacific Northwest in terms of some of the salmon numbers coming back. Of course, they're not in any substantial numbers yet, but at least there is some presence of salmon in some of the area streams now.
Cassandra Profita: Can you tell what kinds of environments are seeing the uptick in salmon and what kinds of areas are not?"
Yeakley: "Yes, where municipal efforts have been most successful and most intense we're seeing the best return. For instance in the Johnson Creek watershed, there have been a number of very large restoration sites, recovery sites that have been conducted by the city of Portland, the city of Gresham and with some help from other entities. All of these people working together have been able to recover stream segments' entire floodplain areas, and that's really notable so they're to be lauded.
The big challenge, of course, is these habitats are not sufficient still to recover very large populations of salmonids. And they sometimes are not connected together well enough. So there will be a big stretch of nice habitat and then they'll go through a concrete, very narrow concrete passage like an LA stream-type channel where you don't have any riparian, any side channels, any overhanging vegetation. So it's kind of like a Mario game where you have little stretches where the fish are really doing OK and suddenly it gets really tense again and the numbers are not going to not come back very strongly until we reconnect and get rid of some of these really lethal habitats that still remain in their path.
Profita: What have you found needs to change to accommodate fish in urban areas and what's realistic?
Yeakley: The realistic question is really the challenge. Part of what needs to be done is just what municipalities like the city of Portland are already doing. It just needs to be continued. More of it. Because it's working but it's not sufficient for full recovery.
So that's the first thing. We just need to continue what cities like Seattle, Portland and others are already doing. But then more needs to be done in the same area, so all the streams still in damaged conditions have lots of toxics going into them have lots of nearby homes that don't have a lot of mitigation, a lot of bioswales or other retention ponds to intercept the pollutants as they come off these urban lawns. Those still need to be continually upgraded in terms of adding more interception of those toxic pollutants and more reduction of the toxic impacts of either the urban residents or of the commercial areas or industrial areas.
Alan Yeakley is the director of the School of the Environment at Portland State University and co-author of Wild Salmonids in the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest.


text:
Notice: This Wiki is now read only and edits are no longer possible. Please see: https://gitlab.eclipse.org/eclipsefdn/helpdesk/-/wikis/Wiki-shutdown-plan for the plan.
Portland DemoCamp
About 30 people came for demos, tacos, beer, and conversation! Thanks to everyone, especially Ted Kubaska, program organizer. Photos from the event are on Flickr.
McMenamin's Kennedy School, the Martha Jordan room
Date and Time
Monday, December 10, beginning at 7pm and going until 9pm (or later, depending on how many demos and how much energy we all have...) There will beverages (beer, soda, etc.) and a taco buffet.
We have the room startng at 6:00pm. Presenters, please try to arrive early to do any necessary testing and setup.
- Anne Jacko, Eclipse Foundation, is organizing the logistics
- Ted Kubaska, ECF committer, is organizing the program
What Happens at a Demo Camp?
Since this is a new thing for Eclipse, we're still figuring out the format. Here is our current proposal for Portland (and remember this is a wiki, so edit and comment at will).
If you would like to present at a DemoCamp, please feel free to add your name and topic to the list. Depending on the number of people interested we may have to limit the number of presenters and time of each demo.
Please add a description of your demo to Portland DemoCamp Presentations and give a short biography of the presenter. Here is a tentative Portland DemoCamp Schedule.
- Scott Lewis, ECF
- Ted Kubaska, An Automatic Build System for Eclipse ECF ECF
- Rob Ryan, Overview of Instantiations Tools Instantiations
- Phil Quitslund, Instantiations WindowTester GUI testing technology Instantiations
- Joe Hoffman, Using dynaTrace Diagnostics to diagnose performance problems of distributed Java apps. This is an example of an Eclipse based GUI. http://www.dynatrace.com
Elias Volanakis, Java-based web-apps with the Rich Ajax Platform (RAP) - Emerson Murphy-Hill, Portland State University. Alternative Interfaces to Eclipse Refactoring Tools
- Chris Elford, Intel Corporation. The Eclipse TPTP Java Profiler
- Chris Goldthorpe, IBM Corporation. What's new in Eclipse User Assistance
- Darin Swanson, IBM, Jazz
Who Is Attending?
If you plan on attending please add your name to the list below. We'd like to see as many people show up as possible. If possible, please provide a email address.
- Bjorn Freeman-Benson, Eclipse Foundation
- Scott Lewis, BEA Systems
- Gabe Schnaubelt, Intel
- Ted Kubaska
- Darin Swanson, IBM
- Sam Keen: Regence Bluecross, PageIndigo llc
- Eric Zimmerman, Outhink, Inc.
- Joe Hoffman, dynaTrace Software Inc.
- Anne Jacko, Eclipse Foundation
- Karl Matthias, Eclipse Foundation
- Gabe O'Brien, Eclipse Foundation
- Emerson Murphy-Hill, Portland State University
- Hien Le
- Chris Goldthorpe, IBM (Eclipse UA committer)
- Chris Elford, Intel Corporation
- Phil Quitslund, Instantiations
- Mike Taylor, Instantiations
- Rob Ryan, Instantiations
- Dietrich Ayala, Mozilla (tentative)
- Powell Quiring, IBM
- Gary Wasserman, IBM
- Pete Steinfeld, IBM
- Ed Averill, JPrise
- Ian Osgood, TOVA Company
- Jamey Sharp, TOVA Company
- Marc Chamberlin, JPrise
- Ted Giering, IBM
- Corey Ashford, IBM
- Tim Keith, IBM
Thanks in advance to everyone who has signed up to do a demo, and special thanks to Nancy McClure of Instantiations for the
very cool Eclipse DemoCamp image!


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Imagine that you are out shopping with your mother, and she suddenly gets severe hiccups, shortness of breath or palpitations.
Maybe you even notice sudden face and limb pain, nausea, chest pain or general weakness. Could it be a stroke? You think that some of these signs don't fit common stroke symptoms, but you might not know that women can display different symptoms than men. According to the American Stroke Association, five warning signs for both men and women can include:
* numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg — especially on one side of the body
* confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
* trouble seeing in one or both eyes
* trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
* severe headache with no known cause
However, some of the most common complaints among women without any of the five warning signs can be loss of consciousness or fainting, difficulty breathing, pain, nausea, migraines and seizures.
According to Eva M. Rzucidlo, MD, a vascular surgeon and chair of the Women's Leadership Committee in the Society for Vascular Surgery, persons also may experience a different stroke warning sign called a transient ischemic attack, which lasts for a few minutes to one hour. A TIA can be similar to other stroke symptoms, but usually disappear within 24 hours.
Sixty percent of people who have strokes are women. Call 911 if you notice someone having any signs of stroke. Patients can be treated with a clot-buster medication, if used within three hours after first symptoms. Your quick response may help one of the 100,000-plus women under the age of 65 each year who have a stroke and reduce possible long-term disability.
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Kyle Lohse (0-2, 7.45) vs. Matt Harrison (1-0, 4.22).
Nice to see the Rangers tie the series up with some genuine AL-style offense: bloop singles, stolen bases and sac flies. If the opening rounds of the playoffs were all about power, then the World Series has been about pitching — until tonight. The Cardinals and Rangers have scored a total of eight runs in their first two games. Expect them to exceed that in Game 3 alone.


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Job stress comes in different forms and affects your mind and body in different ways. Small things can make you feel stressed, such as a copy machine that never seems to work when you need it or phones that won't quit ringing. Major stress comes from having too much or not enough work or doing work that doesn't satisfy you. Conflicts with your boss, coworkers, or customers are other major causes of stress.
It's normal to have some stress. Stress releases hormones that speed up your heart, make you breathe faster, and give you a burst of energy. Stress can be useful when you need to focus on or finish a big project. But too much stress or being under stress for too long isn't good for you. Constant stress can make you more likely to get sick more often. It can make chronic pain worse and can also lead to long-term health problems such as heart disease, high blood pressure, back problems, and depression.
Look for these signs of job stress:
Most of the time, it's the major sources of stress that lead to job burnout and health problems. Job stress can affect your home life too. Here are some common sources of major job stress, with examples of each:
You can reduce some job stress by learning how to manage your time and your job duties. Think about the kinds of events that trigger stress for you at work. Then you can focus on one or two things you can do that will help the most to reduce stress. Here are some ideas:
For more information, see:
For more information, see:
First, identify what's creating stress at work. Maybe it's lack of control over your job. Or maybe it's worry about losing your job or how you are doing at work. You might feel stress because you're unable to express your thoughts and ideas to your boss and coworkers.
Think about why you want to reduce stress at work. You might want to protect your heart and your health by reducing stress. Or maybe you simply want to enjoy your life more and not let work stress control how you feel. Your reason for wanting to change is important. If your reason comes from youand not someone elseit will be easier for you to make a healthy change for good.
Next, set a goal for yourself that involves reducing your stress level. Think about both a long-term and a short-term goal.
Here are a few examples:
After setting your goals, think about what might get in your way. Use a personal action plan (What is a PDF document?) to write down your goals, the possible barriers, and your ideas for getting past them. By thinking about these barriers now, you can plan ahead for how to deal with them if they happen.
Most important, make sure you get support from friends and family in your efforts to reduce job stress. If your company has an employee assistance program, you might use it to talk with a counselor. A counselor can help you set goals and provide support in dealing with setbacks.
If you are truly miserable because of a stressful job, it may be time to think about changing jobs. Make sure you know whether it is you or the job that's the problem.
Before you quit, spend time thinking about other job options. Not having a job will probably also lead to stress. Getting another job before you quit is best, but sometimes that isn't possible. Decide what is less stressful for youunemployment or being miserable in your current job. It might help to talk with a counselor about your choices.
Health Library © 2024 All Rights Reserved. MiracleworX Web Designers In Mumbai


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MeGUI is a free and open source tool to process and convert your video and audio files. It brings all your ducks in a row to create efficient, state-of-the-art and high-quality formats that are supported by a very large number of today's media players. By providing a flexible job automation and management it helps you to clear your head for other tasks.
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Notice: This Wiki is now read only and edits are no longer possible. Please see: https://gitlab.eclipse.org/eclipsefdn/helpdesk/-/wikis/Wiki-shutdown-plan for the plan.
Build Workshop 3: Build Hard With A Purpose
Having a common build infrastructure at Eclipse.org is important and we're taking steps to get there.
The Europa Build Workshop in Portland in September 2006 was our first step; the post-Ganymede Build Workshop in Ottawa in June 2008 was the next step. This time, it's personal [1].
As experienced software developers, we all know that release engineering is an essential part of building high-quality frameworks and tools. Motivated by our desire to reduce the manual overhead of cross-project release engineering for the upcoming coordinated releases of Eclipse 3.5 and 4.0, it's time for another meeting of the minds.
We really appreciate all the ideas, but please come prepared to show them in action, and be prepared to delegate tasks to implement the solution on Eclipse servers.
Nick suggested Wed, Thu, Fri Oct 22, 23, 24. Bjorn likes that and has already purchased airplane tickets to Ottawa for those dates, though has since had to cancel. Perhaps we'll be able to network remotely? See below for remote options.
It has also been suggested that Oct 22 will be "Provision Hard With A Purpose" day (a p2 Dev Workshop, in the same style as the Build Workshop to follow -- minimal talk, maximum coding), followed by two days of Build(ing) Hard. Attendees are welcome to attend the p2 event, the build event, or both. Pascal has cancelled the p2 event due to a lack of developer interest.
Proposed Schedule
- Oct 22 12pm BW3 begins. Discuss requirements, ideas, plans, limitations, etc. over lunch.
- Oct 22 1 or 1:30pm. Coding begins in earnest.
- Oct 22 6 or 7pm. Break for food; perhaps escape to a pub for some lively build, provisioning, PDE, Eclipse, ... discussion & drinks?
- Oct 23 9am. Coding resumes. Evening to be similar to previous, unless a better idea is suggested. Perhaps the locals know of something entertaining we can do?
- Oct 24 9am. Coding resumes, final day. Day ends around 5 or 6pm.
See below for Entertainment ideas.
The event will most likely be held at the Eclipse Foundation offices in Ottawa [2].
If you're coming into Ottawa by VIA train, the nearest station is Fallowfield.
Remote Options
GotoMeeting only works for Windows, apparently... so we're using #bw3 on freenode for now. See IRC for setup details.
- To agree on the shape and scope of the working system: what we want it to look like in all its glory, how projects will use it, how they'll interact with it, what the results will be, where they will be, what the inputs will be, how people will specify the inputs, etc.
- To agree on architecture: what we want the various pieces to do in the system.
- To assess where all the pieces of contributed code are today.
- To create a plan for moving from assessment (3) to architecture (2) in support of a working system (1).
- To spend the rest of the available time building the system (1).
Some discussion points may be:
- do we move forward with "un-Modeling-ifying" and "un-vserver-ifying" the current Common Modeling Build to make it more Tools/Tech friendly?
- do we replace web UI with Eclipse UI, eg., with Buckminster?
- do we replace shell scripts w/ java & xml, again, eg., Buckminster?
- do we try something completely different?
- http://build.eclipse.org/hudson ?
- do we make the build as generic as possible so that it doesn't require a server to run. i.e. allow building/testing within the eclipse ide.
- do we seperate the pieces better so that different build systems can be used...i.e. cron jobs, cruisecontrol, or luntbuild. Some build systems already handle project dependencies and will manage checking out of the code. Breaking up the system into various pieces will allow greater flexibility on how the build is deployed into a production build server.
- do we discuss the inclusion of product builds not just plugin builds?
As with the previous Build Workshop, the real goal (5) is to get some concrete work done. That may include completing the GEF build system or creating a new variant for building another Tools project, such as VE (which hasn't had formal releases in years due to a shortage of devs (but no shortage of community interest)).
If you have had, or will have, build and/or release engineering responsibilities for an Eclipse project, please consider attending.
It is important for attendees to have real-world knowledge of their build system - this is not a meeting for managers, it's a workshop for do-ers. You are also welcome to attend if you have substantial related experience and a willingness to contribute to the workshop's goals.
How to register
Like the last one, this will be an informal event, but we'd like to know who's interested in attending. Please sign below with Name & Role and/or Responsibility, and how you can attend.
Also, please ensure you're subscribed to the following mailing lists:
- https://dev.eclipse.org/mailman/listinfo/dash-dev (Common Build discussions)
- https://dev.eclipse.org/mailman/listinfo/cross-projects-issues-dev (Cross-Project discussions)
In Person
- Denis Roy, Eclipse Foundation, innocent bystander
- Nick Boldt, JBoss, a division of Red Hat, Modeling Project Release Engineer, organizer (in Ottawa from Wed noon to Fri evening; VIA Rail)
- Andrew Overholt, Red Hat, Linux Distros, p2
- Pascal Rapicault, IBM, PDE Build, p2
- Andrew Niefer, IBM, PDE Build, p2
- Chris Butt, Progress Software (Formerly of IONA Technologies), Build/Release Engineer
- Kim Moir, IBM, Platform releng
Remote Access
For now, we're using #bw3 on freenode (IRC) for remote discussions.
Remote access may be in the form of an impromptu IRC channel, like #eclipse-dash, or perhaps via the Eclipse XMPP server. Could also try using shared editing via ECF, or we could go the conference call or VoIP route. To Be Announced.
- Bjorn Freeman-Benson, Eclipse Foundation, organizer
- David Carver, STAR, WTP Incubator for XSL Tools, VEX - I can attend via conference call and web conferencing.
- Ted Kubaska, ECF Builds
Like any good EclipseCON tutorial, the workshop will start with talk, then move into actual hands-on coding. No more than half a day should be spent on discussion!
Delegation of Tasks
Assuming that our intent is to continue from June's workshop, here are a number of tasks that can be delegated to others so that we don't spend most of the time "watching others code."
- [PHP, mysql] replace dependency of web UI and commandline scripts on promoteToEclipse.*.properties (for Ant & shell) and _common.php (for PHP & shell) files with database queries into Foundation database - build configuration should be done in the Portal; should cache results locally too, in case db cannot be accessed or for offline testing?
- [PHP, server config] fix broken links in web UI as a result of dissimilar path structure; see /modeling/includes/scripts.php for getPWD() and loadDir*() methods
- [PHP, Ant, .releng] port Tools-PDT build to Dash CBI system (as with Tools-GEF system)
- [shell, crontab, PHP? JS? HTML?] port new features in Modeling build to Dash CBI build (eg., cvs tag & release & build integration); polish integration by adding web UI?
- [Ant, .releng] change build process to no longer need to scp Master zip to build.eclipse; instead, just copy file locally
- [Ant, .releng] change build process to no longer need to ssh-check for signed Master zip on build.eclipse; instead, just check for file locally
- [Ant, .releng] change build process to use PDE Packager instead of custom ant script for SDK/runtime/examples zip assembly (after Master is built & signed)
- [PHP] refactor PHP scripts to be more object-based (vs. reusable functions & nested include/require files)
- [PHP] refactor build UI to be less project-with-one-or-more-components oriented
- [PHP, mysql?] refactor web UI to use fewer project/component/path variables: instead of "/gef", "gef", and "/tools/gef" (contrast with "/modeling/emf", "cdo", "/modeling/emf/cdo"), use an object which can be queried for all the various required string forms, labels, names & paths. Use Foundation/Portal project definition as key ("modeling.emf.cdo" or "tools.gef")?
Evening Entertainment
- Denis is going to the Senators hockey game, so he won't be available for evening activities.
- Go Karting. Burn Rubber, Fuel, Oil and Calories all in one convenient location.
- Canadian War Museum. See Tanks, Machine Guns, Missiles, and Rifles and maybe learn something about them. Closes at 8pm on Thursday.
- Dinner & Beers on the Byward Market
We intend come away with a working system that can be community tested and blogger approved [3].
- Inputs and Outputs
- Requirements
- Open CBI Bugs
- Report
- Build System Test Cases - in progress


text:
This is MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Renee Montagne.
And I'm Linda Wertheimer.
Lawyers used Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio's own words against him yesterday, trying to prove he uses racial profiling in his efforts to rid the Phoenix area of illegal immigrants. Arpaio, who calls himself America's toughest sheriff, faces a federal class action suit brought by Latino citizens and legal residents. NPR's Ted Robbins was in the courtroom.
TED ROBBINS, BYLINE: Sheriff Joe Arpaio was on the stand for six hours in Judge Murray Snow's federal courtroom, his testimony the centerpiece of the civil trial against him. Arpaio insisted neither he nor his deputies practice racial profiling. To dispute that, plaintiff's attorney Stanley Young played some of Arpaio's many TV appearances. Here's one from two years ago on Fox. Arpaio told Glenn Beck the criteria deputies use to stop suspects.
ROBBINS: To show Arpaio's racism, the lawyer played this appearance from CNN. Arpaio talked with Lou Dobbs about his critics.
ROBBINS: After court, Arpaio's lawyer, Tim Casey, stood up for his client.
TIM CASEY: I think there was a lot of confusion, and I think that those things were taken out of context.
ROBBINS: Casey then pretty much repeated what the sheriff said on cross-examination about the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office.
CASEY: The MCSO has not, does not, and will not racially profile.
ROBBINS: But plaintiff's lawyer Stanley Young spent the day using not just TV appearances, but the sheriff's own writing, trying to establish a pattern of prejudice and discrimination. Young read from Arpaio's book, "Joe's Law," which says Mexicans don't share the same values as other immigrants. Arpaio said it was his co-author who wrote that.
Then Young read a number of emails and letters Arpaio got from supporters. One urged the sheriff to run a crime suppression sweep near a suburban Phoenix McDonald's because no one behind the counter spoke English. Arpaio said he didn't act on that request, he just passed it along to his chief deputy, who did. Plaintiff's attorney Stanley Young said that itself is evidence things need to change in the department.
STANLEY YOUNG: I can't think of a single organization, whether public or private, that would approve of the head of the organization taking undisputably(ph) racist messages and forwarding them to other people in the organization in order to provide information that they will use in their operation.
ROBBINS: Outside the courthouse, protestors chanted: arrest Arpaio. Four people were arrested by Phoenix police for blocking an intersection. In the lawsuit, plaintiffs are not asking for money. They're asking the court to order the Maricopa County Sheriff's office to stop its practices. Judge Snow could issue an injunction and appoint a court monitor. The Department of Justice is also suing Arpaio and his department for racial profiling, not only in the field but also in Maricopa County jails.
Ted Robbins, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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text:
On some (particularly poor) versions of the design argument, the fact that life in the universe, much less human life, appears to be exceedingly rare is taken as significant. Recent research that arises from improved telescope imagery technology has been putting the number of Earth-like planets in our galaxy very high:
New Estimate for Alien Earths: 2 Billion in Our Galaxy Alone
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
How Biophilic is the Cosmos
30 comments:
- Truth Seeker said...
Are you referring to a version of the design argument put forth by Guillermo Gonzales and Jay Richards in the their book the privileged planet?
If so, merely characterizing it as poor as you did is no doubt a straw-man fallacy. What is fallacious in their argument?
Also, if you would actually present their argument, this article would be shown for what it is, unimpressive. One of the conditions needed for complex life on a planet is that it exists in the Goldilocks zone which means that a planet is not to far from the Sun, and not to close to the Sun for the existence of liquid water. Just because some planets similar in size to Earth are in the Goldilocks zone doesn't even begin to give one even a semi boner because there are at least 20 other factors that have to occur together on one of these planets and even if you assign a meager one in ten probability to each condition for life needed you get 10^(-15) which is 1/1,000,000,000,000,000 which one one thousandth to one one trillinth. Do you have anything worth getting excited over, or is this the best you have? - March 22, 2011 at 9:49 PM
- Truth Seeker said...
Oh yeah, in case you aren't going to do the math, even if there are 2 billion planets in the habitable zone that are close in diameter to the Earth, and there are 100 billion galaxies we would get a total of 200 billion "Earth-like" planets in the universe. Compared to 10^(-15) however, that is still a really small number. Moreover, the majority of galaxies on our universe are eithe irregular galaxies, which means there is no well-defined circumstellar habitable zone, and / or they are to young in the evolution of galaxies to have heavy elements to form "Earth-like" planets. So, even 200 illion is too high an estimate.
- March 22, 2011 at 9:57 PM
- Truth Seeker said...
I don't think atheist are silly for the record, but for some reason this is one of two options, and I don't want to open an ID. Sort of like a the fallacy of false alternatives...
- March 22, 2011 at 9:59 PM
- Unknown said...
how many grains of sand are there on all the beach`s in the world
yet we don`t see sand castle`s
designing and constructing themselves,quantities in and of themselves are irrelevat.There is vast quantities of builbing material on the earth but houses ,
cars, etc dont design and build themselves, we need designer`s and builders common sense tell`s us that. - March 23, 2011 at 1:13 AM
- Unknown said...
sorry just one more thing did you read this article the words can, might, potential, possible , don`t exactly instill confidence
- March 23, 2011 at 1:16 AM
- pboyfloyd said...
Design arguments are designed by theists after all.
Seems kind of disingenuous to use statistics against science to me.
Obviously if you're of the opinion that God designed the universe, our solar system, our planet and moon with us in mind, there were no 'statistics' involved.
Finally, it seems to me that some design apologists are willing to say that the universe is designed with life in mind, not just our spot in it.
This must be the fall-back position, just in case we are 'contacted'? - March 23, 2011 at 11:22 AM
- Matt McCormick said...
If we discover intelligent life on other planets, what would be the implications for religious belief? I would think that for Christians or Muslims, for instance, there would be a number of crises: did they have their own alien-Jesus/Muhammed? Are they are part of the divine creation in Genesis too? How come they never got mentioned? Are they inherently corrupted by sin too? What was God trying to accomplish by creating different forms of life in the universe? Do they have souls?
- March 23, 2011 at 11:53 AM
- Truth Seeker said...
What version of the design argument are you calling poor, and why is it poor?
I am glad to see that you have dropped your original claim: that complex intelligent life is not unlikely after all.
Your other questions have no bearing whatsoever on the validity and soundness of any desing argument. If those questions were what you originally meant to discuss then please forgive my misunderstanding. - March 23, 2011 at 2:36 PM
- Peter Watts said...
For someone who derides the lack of detail in other's argument, "Silly Athiest", you seem remarkably vague in your own critique. "About 20 other factors"? Which would these be? Are you just parroting the arguments Ward and Brownlee made in "Rare Earth"? Those have been pretty uniformly blown out of the water, from their basic claim about the rarity of planets in the first place to their insistence that a Luna-sized body and a Jovian streetsweeper would be necessary to clean debris out of the Goldilocks zone. (In fact, a lot of those arguments didn't even have to wait for actual astronomical discoveries to discredit them; anybody who'd point out that modern planet-survey techniques haven't found any earth-sized bodies — without bothering to mention that those techniques lacked the necessary resolution to find such bodies in the first place — doesn't really warrant a lot of attention outside the stand-up comedy circuit.) If you're talking about a different set of factors, then name them; and justify your calculations, which assume that each variable occurs independently of all the others.
The irregular galaxy argument is irrelevant to circumstellar Goldilocks zones; I'm guessing you meant the circumgalactic zones calculated by Lineweaver et al back in 2004. And rather than claiming that "there is no well-defined circumstellar habitable zone", it would be more accurate to claim that "the lethal radiation limiting the habitable zone along the coreward borders of spiral galaxies would not be limiting in galaxies lacking a spiral structure" — which actually increases the size of the habitable zone, all other things being equal (not sure about the metal content of those stars).
Something else rare-earthers forget is that the traditional circumstellar zone around sun-like stars doesn't include potential habitable zones around the moons of gas giants; such moons, even in our own solar system, are known to generate significant internal heat through the sheer tidal stress of their own orbits. Given the prevalence of gas giants and brown dwarfs throughout the galaxy, the conventional Goldilocks zone is likely to be too conservative, if anything.
Finally, Martin's aversion to words like "can", "might", "potential", and "possible" betrays an ignorance of science all too common among the religious. Scientists are trained to be conservative in their assessments, to use extreme caution in straying beyond the data, to be ever-conscious of the fact that evidence yet discovered may prove them wrong. It is far more honorable (and more intelligent) to state up-front that these are possibilities, yet to be proven, than it is to claim "I don't understand how this happened: therefore the Great Sky Fairy did it."
Was it Montagu who said "Scientists have proof without certainty; Creationists have certainty without proof"? - March 23, 2011 at 3:57 PM
- JSA said...
"I would think that for Christians or Muslims, for instance, there would be a number of crises"
I think you may be dramatically overstating your case due to wishful thinking. If the Jews were comfortable with a God who "chose" a small minority of humans and left the rest of earth's intelligent life to wail in the outer darkness, and if Christians weren't shaken by the discovery of races like the Chinese who had never known an Abrahamic faith, and if all of the faiths have learned to contend with the intelligence of dolphins and chimps -- I fail to see a scenario where intelligent life on other planets would make a major difference. It's not as if the God of Abraham ever conferred "chosen" status on planets instead of peoples.
I don't doubt that there are people who argue "The Universe is inhospitable to life, therefore God exists". But it's a rather bizarre argument, as you've already pointed out, and certainly not a very common argument for theism, either currently or historically. It's nowhere near as foundational to theism your use of the word "crises" would imply. I must conclude that you're exaggerating for dramatic effect. - March 23, 2011 at 4:52 PM
- Unknown said...
Matt - to say if we discover life on other planets it would be a problem for christians is a nonsense, it would be like me saying if christ returns to earth tomorrow that would be a problem for atheist`s, its not evidence its just saying if i had evidence about such and such, but you don`t.
But just for a moment lets deal with what we know about life, life always come`s from existing life, no known exception,the greatest minds in the world cannot make life , no one has the slightest idea how life could arise from non life , so please explain how life exists on earth , and forget about ET for now. - March 24, 2011 at 1:22 AM
- Peter Watts said...
Two words for you, Martin: synthetic biology. Look it up. You'd be surprised how close we are to creating life from nonliving components (hell, if you define viruses as living we did it years ago).
As to how life originally got started on this planet, I could run a whole shitload of terms past you: catalytic clays, Iron Sulphide Membranes, RNA worlds, pyranosal nucleotides. They'd mean nothing to you unless you had a background in biology. If you lack the time or the inclination to get the relevant degrees, look up the work of (for starters) L.E. Orgel. You should find lots of references online; those will lead you to others. Assuming you're truly interested, of course.
Again: the fact that you find something mysterious does not make it either unknown or unknowable. - March 24, 2011 at 6:43 AM
- feralboy12 said...
@ martin:
There are lots of ideas on how life could get started from non-life. The problem is testing those ideas, which is what science requires. We're talking about chemistry that happened billions of years ago.
No one has any explanation for how a god would arise, how a god would create a universe, or create life. Of course, religion doesn't require testable theories, does it?
I'm constantly amazed at people whose idea of a fair debate is one where they can posit the existence of a supremely powerful intelligence that requires no evidence, while the opponent has to provide conclusive proof of chemical reactions that took place billions of years ago.
You're right, though, that alien life would not be a problem for Christians, since any ad hoc explanation will do. You don't even need to go "one size fits all" with it; each sect could have its own explanation, and you could all pretend that you agree.
And when you are ignorant of something, do you just assume everyone else is as well, or do you know better? One is stupid, the other is dishonest. Take your pick. - March 24, 2011 at 10:31 AM
- JSA said...
Do a Web search for "Al Moritz Origin of Life". Al is a theist and a biochemist, and he explains how life could have plausibly arisen from chemical reactions without the need for a creator to intervene and violate the laws of nature.
The argument from ignorance ("God of the gaps") has got to be the worst possible argument for theism. You're banishing your god to an ever-shrinking slice of reality defined as "whatever doesn't yet have a naturalistic explanation". I can't believe you would do that deliberately, if you actually believe in god, unless you're trying to starve him to death. - March 24, 2011 at 10:46 AM
- Matt McCormick said...
One should be cautious about inferring "No one has any ideas about how X happened," from "I don't know anything about X." A few relevant, recent posts:
Current Theories of Abiogenesis
RNA World - March 24, 2011 at 10:59 AM
- Unknown said...
once again the evolutionist faith comes to the fore , telling me that we as intellegent creatures , are near to making life somehow explains how life made itself, how can you not see the contratdiction
you need life to make life.oh no it happened billions of years ago by itself but when we take all these chemicals to a lab we as intelegent as we are can`t make it happen is that reasonable i think not, walking along an empty beach you come across a well constructed sandcastle, you can theorise, postulate , and guess, how it might have got there, perhaps wind or waves acting on the grains of sand , but we all know we would believe someone designed and built it because its logical to do so , so i would not be proposing a person of the gaps to explain the sandcastle I would just be using my God given logic which tells me complexity does not arise by random forces.
By the way do some real searching for the origin of life and if you can find a paper , which does not use the words, maybe , perhaps, possibly, if only, come back to me , because in the analagy re jumbo jets and junk yards if by a million to one chance 2 pieces of the jumbo jet came together all you evolutionists would be screaming we are on our way to getting a working jet, but would we be? no. simply put you need intelligent life to make complexity not randomness from nothing. - March 25, 2011 at 1:02 AM
- Unknown said...
and one more thing , please don`t tell me the laws of nature did it, without telling me what specific laws of nature you are refering to
The 2nd law of thermodynamics is order to disorder, increasing entropy, so please tell me what natural law produces order from disorder, what law makes people from hydrogen gas, what law makes life from non life.And please dont tell me time , if you ask an engineer how he built a bridge he would not tell you, time , time is how long it takes not how it was acomplished. - March 25, 2011 at 4:37 AM
- Peter Watts said...
Jesus fucking Christ. Where to begin.
telling me that we as intellegent creatures , are near to making life somehow explains how life made itself, how can you not see the contratdiction…
You stated that "the greatest minds in the world cannot make life". I pointed out that they could. I contradicted an ignorant statement on your part — and in fact, I saw it clearly.
Of course, that's not the contradiction you're referring to. You're mixing up two lines of argument entirely (one about whether people know how to create life, the other about how life got started in the first place), and pretending that my comments on one subject were intended to answer the other. If you put half as much effort into spell-checking as you do into the recitation of creationist fallacies, you'd be — well, you'd be someone who could at least spell correctly when parroting creationist fallacies. I gotta say, though, I'm not hopeful.
Regarding your comments about the second law of thermodynamics, evolution does not decrease entropy; it merely slows the rate at which entropy increases. On the remote chance that you're actually interested in learning about this stuff (as opposed to merely parroting random fortune-cookie snippets from the Discovery Institute), try reading Evolution and Entropy by Dan Brooks and Ed Wiley.
The remainder of your commentary is merely a rehash of previous bullshit points that have already been answered, expressed in syntax fractured enough to serve as an analogy for that random-junkyard imagery you're so fond of. We've already answered your questions here; repeating them with even worse spelling doesn't disguise the fact that you're just recycling the same old shit. Go educate yourself to the point where you can respond to new input with more intelligence than a broken record.
Or at the least, just go. - March 26, 2011 at 1:58 PM
- JSA said...
"expressed in syntax fractured enough to serve as an analogy for that random-junkyard imagery you're so fond of."
That was my reaction upon reading his response, too. I think he is a bot like Chomksybot, accreting random clauses from a corpus of apologetic texts. It's an elaborate prank designed to show that randomness can produce things that we consider to be ordered -- even arguments against the possibility of randomness resulting in order. - March 27, 2011 at 8:27 AM
- Unknown said...
To Peter and JS please forgive my ignorance and bad spelling ,but without refering my to some book can you please present the actual evidence of which you know,for how life began from non life, how hydrogen gas and small amount of helium became people , how order and design comes from random actions, if you can present present actial experimental evidence for any of the above I will be mighty impressed.
- March 27, 2011 at 11:58 PM
- Unknown said...
sorry guy but can`t help just saying the spelling mistakes are my effort to create a new language , just like random mutation (mistakes) creates new creatures,
sound plausible don`t you think. - March 28, 2011 at 12:05 AM
- Peter Watts said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- March 30, 2011 at 12:42 PM
- Peter Watts said...
please forgive my ignorance and bad spelling…
Why? Assuming for the moment that you're not mentally retarded, both ignorance and bad spelling are the result of laziness. I can't think of a good reason to forgive either.
but without refering my to some book can you please present the actual evidence of which you know,for how life began from non life
Don't like books, huh? You do realize that books are where this "actual evidence" is usually synthesized and presented in a form tractable to laypeople?
Ah well. No problem. Books just synthesize older research anyway; the cutting-edge stuff shows up first in the technical journals. So here you go: check out Orgel, LE, 2004: "Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of the RNA World", Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 39:99—123.
…if you can present present actial experimental evidence for any of the above I will be mighty impressed.
Not as impressed as I'll be when you do the same for your hypothesis. That's your assignment now, Martin: hold yourself to the same standard that you'd hold us. Present actual evidence of the mechanism by which an omnipresent, omniscient, omnipotent, self-aware entity can arise from nothing at all. Keep in mind that lack of "actual evidence" — which you find so objectionable when applied to prebiotic chemical reactions for which there is, in fact, considerable evidence — must logically be orders of magnitude more objectionable when applied to a deity more complex than the entire universe. (Unless of course you meant that sand-castle argument literally, and your God is actually no more complex than a molded pile of silicon on a beach somewhere.)
Before handing in your work, check it for internal inconsistency — for example, claims such as "you need intelligent life to make complexity not randomness from nothing" (which means either that 1) god was created by intelligent life, or 2) god is not complex). Also check your work for common fallacies such as "argument from incredulity"; you may find such arguments compelling, but it is difficult to express how unimpressed the rest of us are by "It's beyond my understanding therefore the Magic Sky Fairy did it". Especially when put forth by someone whose "understanding" doesn't extend far enough to spell the word "actual".
Begin now. No talking until the assignment is completed. - March 30, 2011 at 12:44 PM
- Matt McCormick said...
Dammnnnnn, that stings and I didn't even say any of that stuff Finnegan did. Pwnage.
- March 30, 2011 at 2:49 PM
- Unknown said...
peter- the creation of life and the universe was a once off historical event I assume you agree, I was not there to see it so I believe certain thing based on circumstantial evidence to believe God did it, you being a man of science must have proof, I assume as words like believe and faith are nor words of science , so once again please tell me how life began from non life , how the complex universe came into being from just hydrogen gas and small ammounts of helium since thats all that was created in the big bang.
Maybe you dont understand how this could happen thats why you are not presenting any facts to back up your argument , maybe your faith is in men like Dawkins , Coyne et al and you believe they understand it so it must be so.so I will tell you what I do know.
life alway comes from life there is as yet no know exception
2nd law is the rule in the universe thats why its called a law.
hydrogen gas does not form into people no matter how long you leave it.
If i came across a working model of our solar system I would assume someone designed and built it so then I conclude the real thing being a million time larger and more complex must be designed and built by someonw also .
so any facts and evidence from your side would be appreciated. - March 31, 2011 at 12:13 AM
- Unknown said...
sorry I should have said the creation of life and the universe were once off events
- March 31, 2011 at 7:34 AM
- Peter Watts said...
Oh, Martin. You didn't even start the assignment before talking. What am I going to do with you?
Fail you, for starters.
sorry I should have said the creation of life and the universe were once off events
Actually, both your attempts were wrong. You'll have to try again.
But if you do, I won't be around to correct you any more. I should point out before I leave, though, that my acceptance of naturalistic evolution is not because I have "faith" in Dawkins, Coyne, or William Shatner's mother for that matter. I accept these things because I've spent decades studying them: I've earned my Ph.D., I've done research, I've studied the technical literature, I've even contributed to it. I've taught evolutionary principles at the university level. People like Dawkins have spent their whole adult lives researching these things.
How much time have you spent studying these issues, Martin? What credentials qualify you to hold up your own prideful ignorance as evidence against mountains of fact and logic that you can't even be bothered to look at?
thats why you are not presenting any facts to back up your argument…
When you've asked questions that might — if I squint really hard — almost read as though they were honestly asked, I've shown you where to get the answers. You refuse to look them up. You refuse to even try. Instead, you demand exhaustive treatises on biochemical evolution and the history of the inflationary universe, crammed into the comment fields of a personal blog; you demand an education in advanced physics and biology, simplified so that it can be understood by some semiliterate who lacks even fourth-grade spelling skills. You want the insights that I earned over three degrees and two postdocs, insights that real experts work for years to acquire — and if I suggest that you perform so much as a Google search in pursuit of that goal, you cross your arms and declare that I have no evidence to offer.
I've noticed you're fond of analogies. Here's one: I am not able to teach my cat about the Periodic Table of elements. That does not mean the Periodic Table is a myth. Likewise, the fact that you are simply too stupid and/or lazy to look up relevant evidence — even when someone points you directly at it — does not mean that evidence is lacking. It only means that you do not want see it.
If you want me to attempt to give you a proper grounding in evolutionary theory, you'll have to be willing to do homework, like any real pupil. You'll also have to pay me the salary I got for teaching this stuff at university. Until that point, I'm sorry but my time is too valuable to waste on ignorant assholes whose only response to answers is to slap hands over ears and mindlessly repeat the same question at endlessly increasing volume.
It's been a slice. - March 31, 2011 at 5:58 PM
- Unknown said...
so what you are saying is that if you keep calling me enough names , the big bang , macro evolution , etc all become true wow that sure is some teaching skill`s you have.
I will make it simple for you , please present one example just one of a life form arising from non life. You see I belive that life comes from life , I can do this by experimentation, observation, etc you know science stuff ,so please explain to me why you believe the contrary , and a little evidence may help your case.
By the way where I grew up they had a saying it was give me your money or I will stab you, so the name calling I have had worse. - March 31, 2011 at 11:57 PM
- Unknown said...
I can only assume that Peter has ceased this debate claiming my ignorance as the reason for doing so, maybe , but with most evolutionists the real reason is lack of evidence. Most evolutionist need to admit that both evolution and creation are both matters of faith neither position`s can be proven ,all either side can do is present circumstantial evidence to back up their arguement and we can then weigh up this evidence to see which is the most reasonable explaination for the evidence. Do you agree Matt seeing that you were very happy to think peter had put me in my place , if you disagree please state why , and can anyone please present some evidence to back up their position and not just say such and such say`s such and such, but present some evidence so at least I can understand what you are actually defending and you understand what you are defending
- April 4, 2011 at 12:34 AM
- Unknown said...
lets look at it his way , exceptions and rules, if you fall from an airplane at 30,000 feet without a parachute the rule is you will die but there are exceptions and people have lived.
with this in mind lets weight up the evidence
1- hydrogen gas left long enough becomes people
2- mutations in reproduction
3- beneficial mutations
4- life from non life- pasteur
5- random making complex without
6- 2 law of thermodynamic`s
these are just some thing we can ask in these things are they the rule or the exception.
for instance are there any benifical mutations? I say no but if there are they are the exception.
so does a large collection of rules or exceptions make thing the way they are you deceide, for me I would prefer to get off a plane that has landed than get out at 30,000 feet, and this time after time after time. - April 4, 2011 at 3:14 AM


text:
To make a page with one color Cricut Circle logos:
Using your Imagine machine and the Cricut Everyday cartridge, do the following:
1) Adjust your settings so the machine will only print.
2) Enter the plain logo (base shape) on key #1 on the Cricut Everyday cartridge.
3) Edit the sizing to 1" true size.
4) Fill with green or pink color to get the solid papers.
5) Press Next and go to the print and cut preview screen. Click on the "autofill button".
6) Load Mat and press cut (in this case it will only print).
Want a multi-colored sheet?
Using your Imagine machine and the Cricut Everyday cartridge, do the following:
Here are some projects using the Cricut Circle logo papers I made and the milk box cut on the Cricut Imagine All Wrapped Up cartridge. This is the only cartridge that has a milk box cut and it cuts out fairly large. Wouldn't this be cute with some candy in it for a crop or Cricut Swarm you might be attending. The pink Cricut Circle logo paper would be great for a Scrap Pink event!
I also used the Cricut Everyday Cartridge on these projects:
Subscribe to Obsessed with Scrapbooking to learn more about ways to use the Cricut in your scrapbooking!