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Friday, February 13, 2009
Sargent's Painting Notes
2. Keep the planes free and simple, drawing a full brush down the whole contour of a cheek.
3. Always paint one thing into another and not side by side until they touch.
4. The thicker your paint—the more your color flows.
5. Simplify, omit all but the most essential elements—values, especially the values. You must clarify the values.
6. The secret of painting is in the half tone of each plane, in economizing the accents and in the handling of the lights.
7. You begin with the middle tones and work up from it . . . so that you deal last with your lightest lights and darkest darks, you avoid false accents.
8. Paint in all the half tones and the generalized passages quite thick.
9. It is impossible for a painter to try to repaint a head where the understructure was wrong.
PALETTE: Silver White, Naples Yellow, Yellow Ochre, Ochre dew (English Red), Red Ochre, Vermillion, Ivory or Coal Black, and Prussian Blue.
These notes, attributed to American painter John Singer Sargent (1856-1925), are courtesy George Pratt. Mr. Pratt is a painting instructor at Ringling College of Art and Design. He told me he found these nuggests in the library when he was a student at Pratt Institute. Thanks, George!
These notes are just the tip of the iceberg. Two of Sargent's students, Miss Heyneman and Mr. Henry Haley, also recorded extensive first hand observations of Sargent's painting methods. If you're interested in this kind of material, let me know, and I'd be happy to share it with you on future posts.
45 comments:
- gregizz said...
Thanks! For another one of your so instructive and inspiring posts. Sargent notes are gold for anybody interested in Paiting.
In case you don't already have it, I also found this link on Craig Mullins web site:
http://www.goodbrush.com/misc/painting_lessons/sargent_notes.pdf - February 13, 2009 at 3:56 AM
- Mark Heng said...
I was wondering about point 5: The secret of painting is in the half tone of each plane...What exactly does he mean by that?
And I wonder how many modern day painters can paint like Sargent. Thanks for the post! - February 13, 2009 at 4:57 AM
- eugubino said...
Thankyou for this marvelous post
Yes it would be very interesting to know more from the mind of this brilliant ,but very practical painter .
Paul Howlett Gubbio - February 13, 2009 at 5:22 AM
- Erik Bongers said...
The statement that is most recognizable to me:
7. You begin with the middle tones and work up from it . . . so that you deal last with your lightest lights and darkest darks, you avoid false accents.
Perhaps statement 5 (halftone) means about the same as 7, namely that you start with the middle tone and figure out how it 'evolves' into gradients towards the neighbouring planes. - February 13, 2009 at 5:25 AM
- Jussi Tarvainen said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- February 13, 2009 at 7:45 AM
- Jussi Tarvainen said...
What a great post Mr. Gurney. I would most definitely like to hear more of these golden nuggets from Sargent! Can't wait. Thanks for a great post:)
- February 13, 2009 at 7:46 AM
- Vaughn said...
I can't imagine why anyone wouldn't be interested to learn more about Sargent's approach.
- February 13, 2009 at 7:57 AM
- Andrew said...
Number 3 is a bit confusing. What does he mean by painting into another, and not side by side?
And James, you'd be crazy to not post up those other notes for us! - February 13, 2009 at 8:17 AM
- Tim said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- February 13, 2009 at 8:34 AM
- Tim said...
Sweet! Anything with Sargent get me all knowledge spongy! Ive read the account of Mrs Heynman but not the gentleman, Mr Haley. Please post them when youre up for it!
- February 13, 2009 at 8:35 AM
- Pete said...
More painting notes by Sargent? Hmmm, let me think.....heck YES!
- February 13, 2009 at 9:06 AM
- J M said...
Of course yes, please do it!
I like especially his watercolours and plein-air work, something about it would be great too. - February 13, 2009 at 9:41 AM
- nancy said...
I also would like to know more about 5, the half tone. Great info, thanks.
- February 13, 2009 at 9:51 AM
- innisart said...
Thanks, James! Great post... I'd love to see the rest of the notes.
- February 13, 2009 at 10:07 AM
- Beck said...
Please keep them coming!
- February 13, 2009 at 10:25 AM
- Unknown said...
I am reading " Alla Prima" by Schmid right now and it seems to me his technique is somewhat different. If I am right, he works #3 differently. I saw a portrait video of his and he places values side by side. So different from Sargent.I actually prefer the Sargent way, as I have been taught that method, but Schmid's method seems to work for him.
Definitely post his notes and if you can locate the bootleg DVD of a portrait session....well you will have the world at your door...actually , you already do!
blessings bro
I went through some old posts and saw the Chris Evans Show Post. Great! - February 13, 2009 at 10:49 AM
- ricardo said...
Yes! I am highly interested on anything regarding Sargent's painting technique!
Thank you, Mr. Gurney. - February 13, 2009 at 12:26 PM
- Mike Bear said...
I would love to learn more about Sargent's painting methods.
To me, his ability to make decisions about where he wants the viewer to focus is what makes his work stand out among so many great painters. - February 13, 2009 at 12:36 PM
- badbot said...
great post! thanks!
obviously, i am interested ( i guess like everybody here :) )
with this kind of stuff !! let's see on a future post ;) - February 13, 2009 at 12:49 PM
- craigstephens said...
Another typically practical post. Thanks again for all your work. I'm with everyone else in wanting to see more from Sargent, barring that, I am more than happy to have more from Gurney.
- February 13, 2009 at 1:51 PM
- Daroo said...
I'll agree -- definitely more Sargent! And if you have any Zorn or Sorolla there in the back of the Gurney art emporium I'd be interested in those too.
Drew -- I take #3 to mean don't apply the paint as if you are filling in spaces on a paint by number. For example: If you are painting a portrait of a head work the color of the cheek out beyond where it would actually be and then cut back into it with the background color (or vice versa). This gives you the ability to "work the edges" wet into wet and achieve the desired level of hardness or softness and control any transition of the color that occurs where edges meet (also contributing to the hardness or softness of the edge). I think that's why he keeps mentioning thickly painted passages.
Frank Ordaz -- From his books and lectures I think Schmid has studied Sargent extensively (and one of his main concerns is edge manipulation -- read the chapter on edges in Alla Prima). So it depends if #3 is referring to values placed side by side or the actual objects (things) in your painting. That said, I think one of Schmid's main lessons is to be flexible and have a bunch of approaches at your disposal so that you can respond to your subject in an honest way and communicate those feelings to the viewer. - February 13, 2009 at 3:09 PM
- Larry said...
Please sir, can I have some more?
- February 13, 2009 at 4:05 PM
- Linda Schweitzer said...
Thank you for posting the notes of Sargent, one of my favorite artists. I will be hoping for more.
- February 13, 2009 at 7:20 PM
- James Gurney said...
Thanks, everybody. I didn't mean to tease with the hint about MORE...I just meant to say that we're all too busy to digest or cover too much all at once.
There are some awesome painters interpreting these points, but let me just offer a couple of thoughts. I think Daroo and others have it right that Sargent is urging us to paint across our outlines as a way of controlling edges and modeling form.
For me, one of the keys of understanding Sargent is looking at the painting methods of his teacher Carolus Duran, who had a somewhat unusual method compared to other academic teachers. In a nutshell he tended to block in the tones in discreet mosaic-like patches at first (like a plane head, if you're familiar with those things) and then later in the game you blend the patches into each other.
I believe this method gives the best tonal accuracy, which is what he's singing about in #5.
Regarding #7 about starting with the middle tones, I believe he means that right away you want to make your big value statement (or the 'effet' as they called it), but you should reserve your very darkest accents and lightest highlights for final, carefully considered touches. - February 13, 2009 at 7:47 PM
- Bowlin said...
More notes would be much appreciated!
Daroo- That makes sense about the edges on #3. Thanks for that insight. - February 13, 2009 at 8:19 PM
- karen said...
Yes, more Sargent notes for sure!
Any insight into his process and technique is thrilling to absorb. Thank you offering up more! - February 13, 2009 at 10:08 PM
- Jason Peck said...
Wonderful post, Sargents notes are a rare gem, I wish we could find more on his technique. I did read that he liked to mix Raw Sienna, and Ivory Black to match the dark background colors seen in some of Velazquez and Anthony van Dyck's work. I can't recall the name of the book, but Ill look through my notes, and see if I can find it.
- February 13, 2009 at 10:16 PM
- Daroo said...
Yes I think you nailed it Jim.
I think Sargent's notes 5,6 and 7 can be understood in the context of "Conservation of Values" ( I swear you did at least one post on this concept- but when I went to look for it I couldn't find it).
My understanding of "C of Vs" Is that Sargent would limit himself to 5 main values. Three in the light family and two in the dark family or shadow family. Morgan Weistling in his DVD "Homework" demos this concept very clearly.
In the light family you have 1)a high light (or rather your lightest light of your main values) 2) a middle or average tone 3) a halftone (where the light value starts to transition to the dark family).
Then in the shadow family you have 5) a core shadow (the darkest of your main values) and 4)a shadow tone that is illuminated by reflected light.
The trick is to keep the halftones clearly grouped in the light family and the "reflected light darks" clearly in the shadow family.(I think there is a GJ post on separation of the light and shadow families too )
Then beyond those 5 main values you have actual high lights (like the sparkle in an eye or the shine on a nose) and then at the other end of the value scale -- those darkest dark accents.
The theory is pretty simple -- in practice I start to get distracted by all the pretty colors and lose track of my value plan. - February 13, 2009 at 10:25 PM
- sfox said...
I would be interested in anything you can find about how Sargent worked. Is there any chance that you could make it available as a pdf?
- February 14, 2009 at 12:10 AM
- Amy "Bambi" Wendt said...
Brilliant post! More of this, for sure. Thank you for the tips and instruction, you are a regular part of my day, and it has definitely shown in my work!
- February 14, 2009 at 1:54 AM
- Unknown said...
great, i love these tips,
pure gold!
could you please share more observation of paintings methods in the next future?
Thanks! - February 14, 2009 at 4:46 AM
yes, please, more more more. Thank you, Judy
- February 14, 2009 at 6:44 AM
- Scott Daly said...
Sargent's work is absolutely amazing. I'm lucky enough to live across from the Detroit Institute of the Arts. There we have a few including one of my favorite, "Madam Paul Poirson" by Sargent. I try to make it out there once a week, especially when I'm in the middle of a project.
- February 14, 2009 at 1:36 PM
- Karen Thumm said...
I, too, would like more Sargent notes.
Scott Daly, would you please ask the DIA to send another exhibit up to Traverse City to the Dennos Museum? I loved the exhibit they loaned us while they were remodeling.
Thank you, James, for all that you share. I look forward to every one of your posts. - February 14, 2009 at 3:43 PM
- Erin said...
more! more!
- February 15, 2009 at 10:23 AM
- Unknown said...
Hi. I didn't see them actually posted but you can download the entire PDF that these were taken from here, courtesy of the digital painter Craig Mullins.
I still read through them probably once a week.
"Painting is an interpretation of tone through the medium
of color drawn with the brush. Use a large brush. Do not
starve your palette." - February 15, 2009 at 11:59 AM
- Unknown said...
hah! scroll up and they're in the first post. apologies for the repetition.
- February 15, 2009 at 12:00 PM
- Izzy Medrano said...
Anything that Sargent had to say on the subject of painting, and simplifying form in the manner he does is of great interest to me! I'll stay tuned for more! Again, great blog, and collections of wisdom. Brilliant. Truly!
- February 23, 2009 at 7:49 PM
- Timothy Tyler Artist said...
The idea of "conservation of values" is a term made up by non- painters. Artist and art students should beware of these terms as they are often either mean nothing or leave the wrong impression of the truth. Sargent painted sight size or from life and nature completely took care of the values for him. He never once simplied values that were not precisely what he observed from life. I've heard this concept attributed to other good realistic artists who also paint from life-but never have I heard those artists use the term themselves.
www.timothctyler.com - June 13, 2009 at 9:48 AM
- James Gurney said...
Timothy, I guess the way I interpret the quote about simplifying or clarifying values is that some of the random tones have to be grouped and ordered for the form and light to read with simplicity and impact. Part of this goes back to the French sense of "effet" that he would have learned from Carolus Duran.
In an outdoor scene (as opposed to a controlled sight size setup in the studio), any artist or photographer faces a huge range of values that can't possibly be captured with the limited gamut of reflective paint, so a conscious approach to values is vital, even if the goal is to precisely reproduce what you see. Perhaps I'm saying the same thing you are, but in a different way. - June 13, 2009 at 12:15 PM
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
Hey there, long time to talk! Hope you and your family are doing well. Regarding your comments about Sargent not limiting himself to 5 values -- but precisely painting what he saw instead . . .
Sure, I'd agree J.S. would start with what nature would deliver to him, but he clearly chose to set his subjects up in high contrast situations, or preferred a certain kind of lighting environment. Or perhaps more likely, he preferred some of all that AND consciously edited what he saw to fit his artistic intent.
There is almost always an extreme light and dark mass to be found in his oils, with those light and dark masses used to create the design. At least until late in his life, when his oils appear to become more affected by his watercolors.
But here is where you and I might disagree: Sargent did selectively simplify his color and value breaks. You can see this in the way he edited out subtle transitions the human eye can still see even in a high contrast situation. I believe this simplifying was deliberate and considered in the same way Sorolla's simplifications were. Sargent's big value shifts occur along the major planes, and each patch of color works because of the way he would confidently associate it to one or the other larger light or dark mass. (He also would edit out the lesser plane changes, and values, for the sake of the design.) You will rarely find he violated this in his work.
His mild posterizing introduced a sense of drama when the work was viewed at a distance. (Everything flies apart up close, but locks together at a distance.) And when combined with lost and found edge work, he generated wonderful expressive ways to to play with the viewer's eye. "Is it a paint stroke or the back of a woman's neck? Oh wow, it is both!"
Of course, this may sound easy to do, but it ain't. It's a bit like learning how to launch into a triple-summersault without the benefit of having a net below. The potential crash can be so huge and alarming you choke midstroke, or worse, never strike the stroke you wanted.
It certainly isn't easy if one is also struggling with the drawing issues, or having difficulty establishing the proper color and value relationships.
I'm not championing Sargent's direct painting method over any other approach; say, a more procedural technique like developing a refined underdrawing, then underpainting in dead color, then overpainting and glazing -- the sort of method you are known to use -- I'm just pointing out a dividing line exists between the two different ways to paint. Both can create masterpieces in the right hands, but I lean toward Sargent's manner of drawing and painting simultaneuously out of a personal preference. And necessity, as an ala prima plein air painter. Not to mention: convenience and expediency.
I will admit I felt a sense of relief when I learned how often Sargent wiped or scraped down his canvases. It's nice to know he didn't get it right every time without experiencing some pain. And knowing that doesn't lessen his genius in my mind, it just make him more human.
Good to run into you again. Tell your wife hello for me.
Thomas Kitts
http://www.thomaskitts.com - December 25, 2009 at 4:12 AM
- James Gurney said...
Thomas, thanks for that really insightful analysis. Everyone should check out Tom's gorgeous plein air work at www.thomaskitts.com/
- December 25, 2009 at 8:44 AM
- email@example.com said...
Aww, thanks James.
Your kind words are much appreciated. What really caused me to drill down deeply into your site after I stumbled across it, -- and I still have yet to run through it all -- is the terrific info you've posted regarding plein air work. (And everything else as well.) And certainly, I don't want to overlook the high quality of your own plein air work, since it validates much of what you have to say about the matter.
I'm a West Coast guy, but maybe we'll paint together at some point, at some invitational somewhere. Turns out we have a few friends in common for my old days of illustrating.
I've bookmarked your blog and check it daily. So keep 'em coming -- although I don't know how you find the time to maintain it so regularly, and get your painting done . . .
http://www.thomaskitts.com - December 25, 2009 at 7:00 PM
- Rebekah Joy Plett said...
More, more, more!
- June 17, 2010 at 9:18 PM
- forrie said...
I found this post rather late :-) I would be interested in more notes about and from Singer Sargent. Can you let us know where to find these notes and reference? Thanks!
- February 6, 2011 at 10:47 PM


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- building collaborative relationships
- creating and communicating vision
- understanding the library "big picture"
- identifying future trends
LEAP Sessions
In order to make the LEAP experience comprehensive, it is imperative that we provide a varied experience for people at all levels and position types. It is our goal to provide insight into our organization, our connection to our community, and the importance of the profession as a whole.
Here is the schedule in its current form:
Welcome Reception
LEAP Retreat
Essentials of Communication
Follow the Book
Part 1: Challenge throughout System History
Part 2: We've Come a Long Way, Baby
Public Relations: Our Window on the World
Shake 'Em Up: A Day in the Life Somewhere Else
The Library World Beyond Memphis Public
Community Involvement
Where I Went/What I Learned
- LEAP Blog


text:
Got a hankering to see five Indonesian islands? On Komodo, you'll spot the eponymous dragons and on Flores you'll soak up the beautiful scenery and make friends with the denizens of Ngada village. And there's so much more waiting for you on Bali and Lombok: Visiting tobacco plantations of Tetebatu, climbing towering volcanoes, and digging your feet into the white sand of pristine beaches in Gili Islands. With hotels, transport, and a number of included activities arranged by our CEOs, this adventure still allows plenty of free time to create your own highlights.
After your travels, we want to hear from you! Your feedback information is so important to us that we'll give you 5% off the price of your next G Adventures trip if your feedback is completed on-line within 30 days of finishing your trip. Your tour evaluation will be e-mailed to you 24 hours after the conclusion of your trip. If you do not receive the tour evaluation link in the days after your tour has finished, please drop us a line at [email protected] and we will send it on to you.
Chief Experience Officer (CEO) throughout, local guides.
You must be 18 to travel unaccompanied on a G Adventures tour. For minors travelling with a guardian over 21 years old, the minimum age is 12.
Max 15, avg 10
What you need to bring depends on the trip you have chosen and the countries or regions you are planning to visit. We suggest that you pack as lightly as possible as your are expected to carry your own luggage. Air carriers we use on this itinerary have a 10kg for checked bag and 7kg for carry-on bag limit. Suitcases are not recommended for G Adventures trips! Most travellers carry a backpack or rolling bag of small to medium size (no XXL ones please!) as they need to fit with you in buses or on trains. You will also need a day pack/bag to carry water, cameras and other electronics like ipods and mobile phones. If your trip involves overnights in homestays, villages or camping then you usually have the opportunity to rent sleeping bags if need be instead of bringing them with you.
Every traveller is different and therefore spending money requirements will vary. Some travellers may drink more than others while other travellers like to purchase more souvenirs than most. Please consider your own spending habits when it comes to allowing for drinks, shopping and tipping. Please also remember the following specific recommendations when planning your trip.
Many national governments provide a regularly updated advice service on safety issues involved with international travel. We recommend that you check your government's advice for their latest travel information before departure. We strongly recommend the use of a neck wallet or money belt while travelling, for the safe keeping of your passport, air tickets, travellers' cheques, cash and other valuable items. Leave your valuable jewelery at home - you won't need it while travelling. Many of the hotels we use have safety deposit boxes, which is the most secure way of storing your valuables. A lock is recommended for securing your luggage. When travelling on a group trip, please note that your group leader has the authority to amend or cancel any part of the trip itinerary if it deemed necessary, due to safety concerns. Your Chief Experience Officer (CEO) will accompany you on all included activities. During your trip you will have some free time to pursue your own interests, relax and take it easy and explore at your leisure. While your CEO will assist you with options available in a given location, please note that any optional activities you undertake are not part of your itinerary, and we offer no representations about the safety of the activity or the standard of the operators running them. Please use your own good judgement when selecting an activity in your free time. Although the cities visited on tour are generally safe during the day, there can be risks to wandering throughout any major city at night. It is our recommendation to stay in small groups and to take taxis to and from restaurants, or during night time excursions.
Water based activities have an element of danger and excitement built into them. We recommend only participating in water based activities when accompanied by a guide(s). We make every reasonable effort to ensure the fun and adventurous element of any water based activities (in countries with varying degrees of operating standards), have a balanced approach to safety. It is our policy not to allow our CEOs to make arrangements on your behalf for water based activities that are not accompanied by guide(s).
Swimming, including snorkeling, is always at your own risk. Read more about travel safety for ways to further enhance your personal safety while traveling.
Check-in times and baggage allowances/restrictions vary by airline and can change at any time. For the most up-to-date information for your flight, please contact your airline. We recommend checking in online in advance to avoid potential delays at the airport.
Your G for Good Moment: Bali Community Training Lunch Program, Ubud
Your Welcome Moment: Meet Your CEO and Group
Your Wellness Moment: Malanage Hot Springs, Malanage Hot Spring
Your Wellness Moment: Local Hot Springs Visit, Kintamani
Your Discover Moment: Ubud. Boat trip to Komodo and Rinca islands. Ngada village experience. Kelimutu volcanic crater visit. Moni village visit. Hot springs and Lake Bratan temple visit. Highlands of Kintamani visit. Mt Batur view. Local Indonesian meal experience. Kerta Gosa visit. Ubud orientation walk. Jatiluwih Rice Terraces visit (UNESCO-protected). Beach time in Candidasa. Sasak village visit. Snorkelling trip. Easy trekking in Tetebatu. Sendang Gila Waterfall swim. Free time on the white-sand beaches of the Gili Islands. Internal flights. All transport between destinations and to/from included activities.
21 breakfasts, 2 lunches, 2 dinners
We don't expect any problems, and nor should you, but if for any reason you are unable to commence your trip as scheduled, please refer to the emergency contact details provided in this dossier and contact us as soon as possible. If you have a pre-booked transfer, and you have not made contact with our representative within 30 minutes of clearing customs and immigration, we recommend that you make your own way to the Starting Point hotel, following the Joining Instructions. Please apply to your travel agent on your return for a refund of the transfer cost if this occurs.
Should you need to contact us during a situation of dire need, it is best to first call the G Adventures Local Office or our G Adventures Local Representative (if one is listed below). If for any reason you do not receive an immediate answer, please leave a detailed message and contact information, so they may return your call and assist you as soon as possible.
If you have purchased an arrival through G Adventures or if an arrival transfer is included in the cost of your tour, please note that:
Your arrival transfer has been arranged based on flight information provided to us. If you are advised of a flight schedule change within 48 hours of your scheduled arrival time, we will do our best to rearrange your arrival transfer however we cannot guarantee this. If your arrival transfer does not arrive within 30 minutes after you have exited the arrivals area please take a taxi to your start point hotel.
If your call is specifically concerning Denpasar (Bali) Airport Transfer complications please call our local G Adventures Transfer provider directly at: +62 8113803820, +62 8113803821, +62 81337618480
G Adventures Office Bangkok, Thailand
During Office hours (Weekdays, 9am-5pm Local Time)
From outside Thailand: +66 2 508 8630
From within Thailand: 02 508 8630
After hours emergency number
From outside Thailand: +66 87 049 6074
From within Thailand: 087 049 6074
If you are unable for any reason to contact our local office, please call the numbers listed below, which will connect you directly with our 24 hour Sales team, who will happily assist you.
Toll-free, North America only: 1 888 800 4100
Calls from UK: 0344 272 0000
Calls from Germany: 0800 365 1000
Calls from Australia: 1 300 796 618
Calls from New Zealand: 0800 333 307
Outside North America, Australia, New Zealand, Germany and the UK: +1 416 260 0999
Hotels/simple guesthouses (21 nts).
Laundry facilities are offered by some of our hotels for a charge. There will be times when you may want to or have to do your own laundry so we suggest you bring non-polluting/biodegradable soap.
Indonesia now offers e-visa services to select nationals. Please check with your local consulate to see if the Indonesia e-visa process is valid per your nationality.
***Please note that we always recommend all nationalities to check with their embassy about entry requirements to Indonesia. The situation with visas in Indonesia is changing frequently, and the below information is accurate as of June 19th, 2015.
A 30-day free visa is available at some arrival locations in Indonesia for many nationalities. This visa is non-extendable. This free visa is available at: Jakarta (Soekarno-Hatta Airport), Bali (Ngurah Rai Aiport), Medan (Kualanamu Airport), Surabaya (Juanda Airport) and Batam (Hang Nadim International Airport). All travelers to Indonesia must be in possession of passport valid for at least six months from date of arrival and have proof (tickets) of onward or return passage.
The nationalities below will be able to receive the 30-day free visa, however we always advise to check with your embassy to confirm entry requirements:
Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Vietnam
A 30-day visa-on-arrival is available at all international airports in Indonesia for USD 35. It is then possible to extend this visa for an additional 30 days at the immigration office. Official price is USD 35, extension takes a couple of days and can't be processed at the airport. All travelers to Indonesia must be in possession of passport valid for at least six months from date of arrival and have proof (tickets) of onward or return passage. Payment of visa fees can be made in all major currencies (cash or credit card). However, to avoid any difficulties or abusive exchange rate problems, we highly recommend brining USD 35 in cash.
Visa extension can be done at the Immigration Office (Kuta in Bali) and will take approximately 7 working days. Cost is additional 35 USD for another 30 Days. Maximum stay is 60 Days
The below countries qualify for getting their visa on arrival:
South Africa, Algeria, US, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, The Netherlands, Brazil, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Denmark, UAE, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, Hungary, India, UK, Iran, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Germany, Cambodia, Canada, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Maladewa, Malta, Mexico, Egypt, Monaco, Norway, Oman, Panama, France, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, China, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Surinam, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Timor Leste, Tunisia, Greece
***Travelers from all destinations not listed above must have their visa arranged in advance through their local consulate.
Please also make sure you have access to at least an additional USD $200 (or equivalent) as an 'emergency' fund, to be used when circumstances outside our control (ex. a natural disaster) require a change to our planned route. This is a rare occurrence!
Travel insurance is compulsory in order to participate on any of our trips. When travelling on a group trip, you will not be permitted to join the group until evidence of travel insurance has been sighted by your leader, who will take note of your insurance details. When selecting a travel insurance policy we require that at a minimum you are covered for medical expenses including emergency evacuation and repatriation. A minimum coverage of USD200,000 is required. G Adventures can provide you with the appropriate coverage. We strongly recommend that the policy also covers personal liability, cancellation, curtailment and loss of luggage and personal effects. Some tours include adventure activities that require extra coverage (e.g. crampon use); please review your itinerary and make sure that you are covered for all included activities. If you have credit card insurance we require proof of purchase of the trip (a receipt of credit card statement) with a credit card in your name. Contact your bank for details of their participating insurer, the level of coverage and emergency contact telephone number.
Planeterra International Foundation is a non-profit organization committed to turning travel into impact by helping local communities earn an income from tourism. Planeterra connects underserved local communities to the benefits of tourism by developing and supporting small community-owned businesses. These businesses support Indigenous people, empower women, grant youth access to employment opportunities, and protect the environment. Planeterra also works to ensure these businesses have a thriving customer base by integrating their projects into G Adventures' itineraries globally.
G Adventures is Planeterra's largest corporate donor, covering all operating costs, so 100% of your donation will bring opportunity to people in need.
G Adventures Dollar-a-day Program - Make Every Day Count - Turn your travel into impact with Planeterra Foundation.
Did you know? Most communities around the world do not benefit from tourism. Give back to the places you visit on your travels by creating opportunities for local people to earn an income, and protect the environment.
Make every day count by donating $1/day for the length of your trip, and join us in empowering the communities you will visit when you travel. 100% of your donation goes directly to Planeterra projects.
Look for Komodo dragons in the wild, meet the friendly people of Ngada village, explore Hindu temples, visit the tobacco plantations of Tetebatu, savour Balinese cuisine at a G for Good project, snorkel vibrant reefs and dig your feet into white sand.
While it is our intention to adhere to the route described below, there is a certain amount of flexibility built into the itinerary and on occasion it may be necessary, or desirable to make alterations. The itinerary is brief, as we never know exactly where our journey will take us. Due to our style of travel and the regions we visit, travel can be unpredictable. The Trip Details document is a general guide to the tour and region and any mention of specific destinations or wildlife is by no means a guarantee that they will be visited or encountered. Aboard expedition trips visits to research stations depend on final permission.
Additionally, any travel times listed are approximations only and subject to vary due to local circumstances.
According to the lunar cycle, Ramadan will fall between April 23rd and May 23rd, 2020. Please note that Ramadan is a month of fasting observed by Muslims throughout the world, during which time the followers of Islam should not eat or drink between sunrise and sunset. There may be some limitations to services and disruptions to schedules during Ramadan, but generally our tours still operate effectively during this period and food is available to non-Muslims throughout the day. It is very important to display increased cultural sensitivity during Ramadan. Please wear loose fitting clothes, that cover knees and shoulders, and try to avoid eating, drinking or smoking in public out of respect for those who can't at that time.
Domestic airlines on this itinerary enforce a maximum of 10kg for luggage. Based on the planeload it may be possible to pay for additional weight. Otherwise, additional luggage may be stored.
Please note that this tour combines with other G Adventures tours. As such, the staff and some travel companions on your tour may have previously been traveling together with G Adventures, prior to Day 1 of your tour. Likewise, some staff and travel companions may be continuing together on another G Adventures tour, after your trip concludes.
We believe solo travellers should not have to pay more to travel so our group trips are designed for shared accommodation and do not involve a single supplement. Single travellers joining group trips are paired in twin or multi-share accommodation with someone of the same sex for the duration of the trip. Some of our Independent trips are designed differently and solo travellers on these itineraries must pay the single trip price.
When arriving at Denpasar Airport in Bali you will want to exit Customs into the arrival hall. Once here, there are money changers but they do not offer the best rate, so its best to wait until you arrive in Sanur. There are ATMs available that distribute Indonesian Rupiah (the local currency).
If you have not pre-booked an arrival transfer through G Adventures, we recommend taking a taxi. Once you have stepped outside, there is a taxi stand with set rate taxis to various destinations on the island. The prices are listed on the wall and can be paid in Rupiah or in US Dollars (your exchange rate will be slightly lower than what you will get in Sanur) Here you book and pay for your taxi and receive a voucher. They will then show you to your taxi.
The drive to Sanur is approximately 30 minutes, but can take much longer if the traffic is bad.
If you have paid in advance for an arrival transfer, a G Adventures representative will be at the airport to meet you. Our representative will stand at the meeting area of all travel/hotel representatives. It is located approximately 50 meters from the exit doors after luggage check. Our transfer representative will be waiting for you with a G Adventures sign board in hand. If for any reason you are not met at the airport, please call our local support line. If you are unable to make contact for whatever reason, please make your way to the joining point hotel via taxi.
Please note that Day 1 is an arrival day and no activities have been planned for that day other then your welcome meeting in the evening, so you can arrive at any time.
A G Adventures Representative will organize a short meeting soon after arrival, during which you will meet other tour participants and receive information about general and specific aspects of the trip. A welcome note will be left for you in the hotel so you have all the necessary information regarding the meeting time. If you arrive late, s/he will leave you a message detailing what time and where you should meet the next morning.
Labuan Bajo
- Batu Cermin Cave
- Walk to Nearby Waterfall
Gunung Batur
- Mt Batur Hike (650000IDR per person)
- Monkey Forest Visit (6USD per person)
- Whitewater Rafting
- Yoga Class
- Bird Park
- Gianyar Night Market
- Kecak Dance Performance (20USD per person)
- Organic Cooking Class
- Tirta Gangga Visit
- Diving
- Massage
- Surf Lesson (350000IDR per person)
Gili Trawangan
- Yoga
Tanah Lot
- Tanah Lot Sunset Tour
Private van, public bus, boat, ferry, plane, walking.
For details of your joining hotel please refer to your tour voucher, G Account, the G Adventures App or contact your travel agent.
Please note that if you have booked the "My Own Room" option for this tour, you will receive your own single room for all night stops
Conservative Dress:
• Modest clothing that covers knees and shoulders (Long pants, long skirts, shirts that cover shoulders)
• Shawl or scarf (for temple visits)
• Flight info (required) (Printouts of e-tickets may be required at the border)
• Insurance info (required) (With photocopies)
• Passport (required) (With photocopies)
• Required visas or vaccination certificates (required) (With photocopies)
• Vouchers and pre-departure information (required)
• Binoculars (optional)
• Camera (With extra memory cards and batteries)
• Cash, credit and debit cards
• Day pack (Used for daily excursions or short overnights)
• Ear plugs
• First-aid kit (should contain lip balm with sunscreen, sunscreen, whistle, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, bandaids/plasters, tape, anti-histamines, antibacterial gel/wipes, antiseptic cream, Imodium or similar tablets for mild cases of diarrhea, rehydration powder, water purification tablets or drops, insect repellent, sewing kit, extra prescription drugs you may be taking)
• Flashlight/torch (Headlamps are ideal)
• Fleece top/sweater
• Footwear
• Hat
• Locks for bags
• Long pants/jeans
• Moneybelt
• Outlet adapter
• Personal entertainment (Reading and writing materials, cards, music player, etc.)
• Reusable water bottle
• Shirts/t-shirts
• Sleepwear
• Small travel towel
• Sunglasses
• Toiletries (Preferably biodegradable)
• Watch and alarm clock
• Waterproof backpack cover
• Windproof rain jacket
Health & Safety:
• Face masks (required)
• Hand sanitizer (required)
• Pen (Please bring your own pen for filling out documents.)
• Rubber gloves
Warm Weather:
• Sandals/flip-flops
• Shorts/skirts (Longer shorts/skirts are recommended)
• Sun hat/bandana
• Swimwear
Our adventure travel e-newsletter is full of travel news, trip information, interesting stories and contests. To avoid missing out on special offers and updates from G Adventures, subscribe at www.gadventures.com/newsletters/
Stay current on how our company invests in our global community through our foundation - Planeterra. Sign up for Planeterra's monthly news to learn more about how to give back and support the people and places we love to visit.
Illegal drugs will not be tolerated on any trips. Possessing or using drugs not only contravenes the laws of the land but also puts the rest of the group at risk. Smoking marijuana and opium is a part of local culture in some parts of the world but is not acceptable for our travellers. Our philosophy of travel is one of respect towards everyone we encounter and in particular the local people who make the world the special place it is. The exploitation of people in the sex trade is completely contrary to this philosophy. Our CEOs have the right to expel any member of the group if drugs are found in their possession or if they utilize the services of paid sex workers, in any capacity.
Arrive at any time.
Hop on a plane to Ende and drive to your ecolodge in Moni, a lush hill town.
Wake early and embark on a one hour hike to arrive at the Kelimutu crater lake viewpoint for sunrise. After breakfast leave for Bajawa. After lunch, take a revitalizing dip at Malanage Hot Springs.
Drive inland to Ruteng and take in the stunning surrounding mountains. Head out this morning to visit Bena, a traditional village in Ngada where you will meet with local tribes and learn more about the region's architecture and way of life.
Travel to Labuan Bajo, and explore this bustling harbour town with some free time. En route, take a quick hike to a viewpoint over the spider rice fields at Cancar.
A small fishing village on the island of Flores, Labuan Bajo, is an idyllic setting. Head out for an afternoon on Pede or Binonko Beach, go kayaking, relax with a massage or just meander through the markets, cafes and waterfront of this busy fishing town. At dusk, keep an eye out for flying fox bats.
Wake early this morning and head into the tropical jungle. When the car can go no further, an easy trek through the rainforest brings you to the beautiful Cunca Wulang Canyon. A jump into the waterfalls pools will you cool off.
Sail to Rinca and Komodo islands in search of the famed Komodo Dragon and other wildlife.
Enjoy lunch and snorkelling at Pink Beach. Return to Labuan Bajo as the sun sets with an included dinner on board.
Catch a flight back to Bali. Enjoy another night in paradise.
Enjoy some free time in Sanur.
New travellers may join the tour today. You are welcome to join them for an optional welcome dinner in the evening.
Visit the Lake Danu Bratan Temple and take a walk through the Jatiluwih Rice Terraces before arriving at the guesthouse in Munduk. Enjoy some delicious Balinese cuisine.
Drive through lush rice fields and winding mountain roads to Kintamani, then take a dip in the local hot springs.
Arrive in Kintamani with its breathtaking views of Lake Batur and the Batur crater. Take a wander through town and mix with the locals, visit the market, and marvel at the variety of local produce for sale.
Opt for a sunrise hike to the top of Mt Batur before travelling to the cultural heart of Bali, stopping for lunch at the G Adventures supported-Bali Community Training Lunch Program. Arrive in Ubud in the late afternoon for an orientation walk and some free time.
Enjoy a free day to explore exactly what interests you in Ubud. Opt to visit the Monkey Forest, numerous temples, rice paddies, and markets. In the evening, opt to take in a traditional Kecak dance performance.
Visit Kerta Gosa, the historic court of justice, before the journey to Candidasa, a superb beach location perfect for relaxing.
With more free time here, opt to visit the Tirta Gangga temple or the traditional village of Tenganan, go snorkelling, or relax on one of the secluded beaches along the coast.
New travellers may join today for the Lombok portion of the adventure. You are welcome to join them at a group meeting this evening, followed by an optional dinner.
Take a local ferry to Lombok and visit a Sasak traditional village en route to Kuta.
Arrive at the shores of Lombok and head to a traditional Sasak village. Meet the locals and learn more about their unique culture and way of life. Continue on to Kuta for the night.
Enjoy a full day exploring the area around Kuta. Opt for a surf lesson or visit one of the beautiful beaches nearby.
Enjoy a spectacular drive through the middle of Lombok. Stop at the Tetebatu community and enjoy an easy trek through the surrounding rice fields led by a local guide. Continue on to Senggigi for the night.
Before heading to the stunning Gili Islands, visit the slopes of the Rinjani Volcano and hike to a secluded waterfall and take a dip in the fresh water. Once at the islands, opt to swim, snorkel, or kick back and relax.
Drive to the coast and hop on a ferry to Gili and settle in for a few days on the islands. The Gilis are paradise incarnate with a tiny population, no cars, and gorgeous white-sand beaches.
Please note there is limited fresh water available on the Gilis and electricity is supplied by generators. Showers often use desalinated salt water and rooms are typically fan-cooled (no air conditioning).
Enjoy a half-day snorkelling trip and check out what's living under the sea. The rest of the day is free for exploring. Opt to rent a bike and cycle around the island, visit the shopping area, or try some yoga.
Travel back to Bali by boat for a final dinner and farewells.
Spend the final evening with an optional dinner together, reflecting on the adventure under a beautiful Balinese sunset.
Depart at any time.
Duration: 22 Days
Travel Style: Classic
Physical Grading: 2 - Light
Merchandising: Planeterra Project
Service Level: Standard
Trip Type: Small Group
22 day Classic tour
The Department of Foreign Affairs has up-to-date advice for Irish citizens on staying safe and healthy abroad. For more security, local laws, health, passport and visa information see https://www.dfa.ie/travel/travel-advice/ and follow dfatravelwise


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Jean-Philippe Courtois, president of Microsoft International, in an interview with Reuters, delved into the topic of tablets. When asked whether Microsoft was concerned about the iPad and other tablets affecting the company's dominance of the PC market, he states, "Devices are going to go and come."
Microsoft is currently partnering with Intel to roll out 10 or more Windows tablets this year. But those tablets, like the currently available HP Slate 500, don't have an operating system refined for touch (they run Windows 7). And while they may offer compatibility for some files that competing tablets cannot (e.g. the iOS-powered iPad and Android devices), they are expected to also have inferior battery life, as Intel Atom SoCs are currently less power-efficient than competitive ARM SoCs used in these rivals.
In the long term Microsoft plans to fix those problems by embracing ARM and releasing a version of Windows fine-tuned for tablets. Microsoft Chief Executive Steve Ballmer announced that Windows 8 will support ARM processors at CES 2011. Much like Android 3.0 Honeycomb, Microsoft's Windows 8 will also have a build refined for a touch-driven tablet world.
But Windows 8 may not arrive until 2012 -- or later.
Recent reports revealed that when tablets are factored in to Apple's PC market share, it jumps to number two on the list of top worldwide PC sellers, passing Dell. And Android devices are heating up too, with the Samsung Galaxy Tab selling well and Honeycomb devices launching this Spring.
Mr. Courtois says that even if Microsoft faces an uphill battle in the tablet market, those problems will be offset by Microsoft information technology gains in developing markets. He states, "We see some growth across the world both in developed countries and in emerging countries and that helps the IT spending (outlook)."


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A trip to the Jurassic coastline, stopping at the famous coastal towns of Sidmouth, and Lyme Regis.
Lyme Regis boasts breathtaking scenery and a special mystique, making it a sparkling resort for all seasons. Its historic Cobb and harbour are iconic features, set against moody blue cliffs yielding fossilised evidence of life on earth millions of years ago.
An ancient town featured in the Domesday Book, Lyme Regis is home to a number of historical landmarks and educational attractions. The picturesque and tranquil Lyme Regis is a great place to discover a lot you didn't know about the UK's heritage.
Whatever your age and whatever the time of year, you can be sure to find something to delight and entertain you. Lyme Regis has it all – the perfect family resort, the home of palaeontology, a world-class creative and cultural community, a bustling harbour, gastronomic delights, an array of shops, a calendar full of events, and plenty for the active.
- Includes admission to the world famous Lyme Regis museum


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Thesis about Indonesia
DTM is professional thesis consulting. We will help you. we can repair your thesis. This article study the condition of Indonesian country in 2024.
Keyword: Indonesia, population, geography, president, Prabowo, Joko Widodo, thesis, research
THESIS ABOUT INDONESIA POPULATION: 262,787,403 . The Dutch began to colonize Indonesia in the early 17th century; Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted "Guided Democracy." After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1998, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his "New Order" government. After street protests toppled SUHARTO in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999. Indonesia is now the world's third most populous democracy, the world's largest archipelagic state, and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. Current issues include: alleviating poverty, improving education, preventing terrorism, consolidating democracy after four decades of authoritarianism, implementing economic and financial reforms, stemming corruption, reforming the criminal justice system, addressing climate change, and controlling infectious diseases, particularly those of global and regional importance. In 2005, Indonesia reached a historic peace agreement with armed separatists in Aceh, which led to democratic elections in Aceh in December 2006. Indonesia continues to face low intensity armed resistance in Papua by the separatist Free Papua Movement. Geography People Government Economy Energy Communications Transportation Military Transnational Issues
Thesis about Indonesian Geography According to Indonesia's National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping, the total number of islands in the archipelago is 13,466, of which 922 are permanently inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands); the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Indonesia is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, a belt of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters bordering the Pacific Ocean; up to 90% of the world's earthquakes and some 75% of the world's volcanoes occur within the Ring of Fire despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Geographic coordinates: 5 00 S, 120 00 E Area: total: 1,904,569 sq km land: 1,811,569 sq km water: 93,000 sq km
Thesis about Indonesian Size comparison: slightly less than three times the size of Texas Land Boundaries: total: 2,958 km border countries (3): Malaysia 1881 km, Papua New Guinea 824 km, Timor-Leste 253 km Coastline: 54,716 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver Land use: agricultural land: 31.2% (2011 est.) arable land: 13% (2011 est.) permanent crops: 12.1% (2011 est.) permanent pasture: 6.1% (2011 est.) forest: 51.7% (2011 est.) other: 17.1% (2011 est.) Irrigated land: 67,220 sq km (2012)
Thesis about Indonesian Natural hazards: occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world – some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano and in eruption since 2010, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, and Tambora; see note 2 under "Geography – note" Current Environment Issues: large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires cause heavy smog; over-exploitation of marine resources; environmental problems associated with rapid urbanization and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage International Environment Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation ^Back to Top People Nationality: noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian Ethnic groups: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.) Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese) note: more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
Thesis about Indonesian Religions: Muslim 87.2%, Protestant 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.) Population: 262,787,403 (July 2018 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 24.63% (male 32,967,727 /female 31,757,882) 15-24 years: 16.94% (male 22,661,264 /female 21,852,006) 25-54 years: 42.44% (male 57,097,131 /female 54,433,239) 55-64 years: 8.73% (male 10,447,365 /female 12,494,036) 65 years and over: 7.26% (male 8,326,858 /female 10,749,895) (2018 est.) Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 49.2 (2015 est.) youth dependency ratio: 41.6 (2015 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 7.6 (2015 est.) potential support ratio: 13.2 (2015 est.) Median age: total: 30.5 years
Thesis about Indonesian male: 29.9 years female: 31.1 years (2018 est.) Population growth rate: 0.83% (2018 est.) Birth rate: 15.9 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Death rate: 6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Net migration rate: -1.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Urbanization: urban population: 55.3% of total population (2018) rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) Major urban areas – population: 10.517 million JAKARTA (capital) 3.159 million Bekasi 2.903 million Surabaya 2.538 million Bandung
Thesis about Indonesian 2.285 million Medan 2.222 million Tangerang (2018) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2018 est.) Mother's mean age at first birth: 22.8 years (2012 est.) note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 Maternal mortality rate: 126 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
Thesis about Indonesian Infant mortality rate: total: 21.9 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.2 years male: 70.6 years female: 76 years (2018 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.08 children born/woman (2018 est.) Contraceptive prevalence rate: 61% (2016/17) Physicians density: 0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2017) Hospital bed density: 1.2 beds/1,000 population (2015) Drinking water source: improved: urban: 94.2% of population rural: 79.5% of population total: 87.4% of population
Thesis about Indonesian unimproved: urban: 5.8% of population rural: 20.5% of population total: 12.6% of population (2015 est.) Sanitation facility access: improved: urban: 72.3% of population (2015 est.) rural: 47.5% of population (2015 est.) total: 60.8% of population (2015 est.) unimproved: urban: 27.7% of population (2015 est.)
Thesis about Indonesian rural: 52.5% of population (2015 est.) total: 39.2% of population (2015 est.) HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2017 est.) HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS: 630,000 (2017 est.) HIV/AIDS – deaths: 39,000 (2017 est.) Obesity – adult prevalence rate: 6.9% (2016) Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 19.9% (2013) Education expenditures: 3.6% of GDP (2015) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2016 est.) total population: 95.4% male: 97.2% female: 93.6% (2016 est.)
Thesis about Indonesian School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 13 years male: 13 years female: 13 years (2017) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24: total: 15.6% male: 15.6% female: 15.6% (2017 est.) ^Back to Top Government Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies etymology: the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, "Indos" (India) and "nesoi" (islands), meaning "Indian islands" Government type: presidential republic
Thesis about Indonesian Capital: name: Jakarta geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) note: Indonesia has three time zones etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa" Administrative divisions: 31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular – provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular – daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta** note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services Independence: 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands) National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945) Constitution: history: drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959 amendments: proposed by the People's Consultative Assembly when at least two-thirds of its members are present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2002 (2017)
Thesis about Indonesian Legal system: civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age Executive branch: chief of state: President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014); note – the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Joko WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President Jusuf KALLA (since 20 October 2014) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 17 April 2019 election results: Joko WIDODO elected president; percent of vote
Thesis about Indonesian Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55%, PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 44.5% Legislative branch: description: bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of: Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (132 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies – 4 each from the country's 33 electoral districts – by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note – the Regional Representative Council has no legislative authority House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (560 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms) elections: Regional Representative Council – last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held on 17 April 2019) House of Representatives – last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held on 17 April 2019)
Thesis about Indonesian election results: Regional Representative Council – all seats elected on a non-partisan basis House of Representatives – percent of vote by party – PDI-P 19%, Golkar 14.8%, Gerindra 11.8%, PD 10.2%, PKB 9%, PAN 2.6%, PKS 6.8%, NasDem 6.7%, PPP 6.5%, Hanura 5.3%, other 7.3%; seats by party – PDI-P 109, Golkar 91, Gerindra 73, PD 61, PAN 48, PKB 47, PKS 40, PPP 39, NasDem 36, Hanura 16; composition – men 463, women 97, percent of women 27.6% Judicial branch: highest courts: Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges – 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts Political parties and leaders: Democrat Party or PD [Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO] Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Airlangga HARTARTO] Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo] Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri] National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR] National Democratic Party (Partai Nasional Demokrat) or NasDem [Surya PALOH] National Mandate Party or PAN [Zulkifli HASAN] People's Conscience Party or HANURA [Oesman Sapta ODANG] Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Muhammad Sohibul IMAN] United Development Party or PPP [Muhammad ROMAHURMUZIY] International organization participation: ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (associate member), NAM, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO National symbol(s): garuda (mythical bird); national colors: red, white National anthem: name: "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia) lyrics/music: Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN
Thesis about Indonesian note: adopted 1945 Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mahendra SIREGAR (since 8 April 2019) chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200 FAX: [1] (202) 775-5365 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph R. DONOVAN, Jr. (since 12 January 2017) embassy: Jalan Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5, Jakarta 10110 mailing address: Unit 8129, Box 1, FPO AP 96520 telephone: [62] (21) 5083-1000 (2018) FAX: [62] (21) 2395-1697 (2018) consulate(s) general: Surabaya consulate(s): Medan
Thesis about Indonesian ^Back to Top Economy Indonesia, the largest economy in Southeast Asia, has seen a slowdown in growth since 2012, mostly due to the end of the commodities export boom. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth. Indonesia's annual budget deficit is capped at 3% of GDP, and the Government of Indonesia lowered its debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of 100% shortly after the Asian financial crisis in 1999 to 34% today. In May 2017 Standard & Poor's became the last major ratings agency to upgrade Indonesia's sovereign credit rating to investment grade. Poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among its regions are still part of Indonesia's economic landscape. President Joko WIDODO – elected in July 2014 – seeks to develop Indonesia's maritime resources and pursue other infrastructure development, including significantly increasing its electrical power generation capacity. Fuel subsidies were significantly reduced in early 2015, a move which has helped the government redirect its spending to development priorities. Indonesia, with the nine other ASEAN members, will continue to move towards participation in the ASEAN Economic Community, though full implementation of economic integration has not yet materialized.
Thesis about Indonesian GDP (purchasing power parity): $3.25 trillion (2017 est.) $3.093 trillion (2016 est.) $2.945 trillion (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars GDP (official exchange rate): $1.015 trillion (2017 est.) GDP – real growth rate: 5.1% (2017 est.) 5% (2016 est.) 4.9% (2015 est.) GDP – per capita (PPP): $12,400 (2017 est.) $12,000 (2016 est.) $11,500 (2015 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars Gross national saving: 31.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 32% of GDP (2016 est.) 32% of GDP (2015 est.) GDP – composition, by end use: household consumption: 57.3% (2017 est.) government consumption: 9.1% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 32.1% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 0.3% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 20.4% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -19.2% (2017 est.) GDP – composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 13.7% (2017 est.) industry: 41% (2017 est.) services: 45.4% (2017 est.)
Thesis about Indonesian Agriculture – products: rubber and similar products, palm oil, poultry, beef, forest products, shrimp, cocoa, coffee, medicinal herbs, essential oil, fish and its similar products, and spices Industries: petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism Industrial production growth rate: 4.1% (2017 est.) Labor force: 125 million (2016 est.) Labor force – by occupation: agriculture: 32% industry: 21% services: 47% (2016 est.) Unemployment rate: 5.4% (2017 est.) 5.6% (2016 est.) Population below poverty line: 10.9% (2016 est.) Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.4% highest 10%: 28.2% (2010) Distribution of family income – Gini index: 36.8 (2009) 39.4 (2005)
Thesis about Indonesian Budget: revenues: 131.7 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: 159.6 billion (2017 est.) Taxes and other revenues: 13% (of GDP) (2017 est.) Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.) Public debt: 28.8% of GDP (2017 est.) 28.3% of GDP (2016 est.) Fiscal year: calendar year Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.8% (2017 est.) 3.5% (2016 est.) Current account balance: -$17.33 billion (2017 est.) -$16.95 billion (2016 est.) Exports: $168.9 billion (2017 est.) $144.4 billion (2016 est.) Exports – commodities: mineral fuels, animal or vegetable fats (includes palm oil), electrical machinery, rubber, machinery and mechanical appliance parts Exports – partners: China 13.6%, US 10.6%, Japan 10.5%, India 8.4%, Singapore 7.6%, Malaysia 5.1%, South Korea 4.8% (2017) Imports: $150.1 billion (2017 est.) $129.2 billion (2016 est.) Imports – commodities: mineral fuels, boilers, machinery, and mechanical parts, electric machinery, iron and steel, foodstuffs
Thesis about Indonesian Imports – partners: China 23.2%, Singapore 10.9%, Japan 10%, Thailand 6%, Malaysia 5.6%, South Korea 5.3%, US 5.2% (2017) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $130.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Debt – external: $344.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment – at home: $251.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $229.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment – abroad: $20.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $18.42 billion (31 December 2016 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares: $523.8 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $426 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $353.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar – 13,385 (2017 est.) 13,308.3 (2016 est.) 13,308.3 (2015 est.) 13,389.4 (2014 est.) 11,865.2 (2013 est.) ^Back to Top Energy Electricity – production: 235.4 billion kWh (2016 est.) Electricity – consumption: 213.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)
Thesis about Indonesian Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2017 est.) Electricity – imports: 693 million kWh (2016 est.) Electricity – installed generating capacity: 61.43 million kW (2016 est.) Electricity – from fossil fuels: 85% of total installed capacity (2016 est.) Electricity – from nuclear fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.) Electricity – from hydroelectric plants: 9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.) Electricity – from other renewable sources: 6% of total installed capacity (2017 est.) Crude oil – production: 801,700 bbl/day (2017 est.) Crude oil – exports: 302,300 bbl/day (2015 est.) Crude oil – imports: 498,500 bbl/day (2015 est.) Crude oil – proved reserves: 3.31 billion bbl (1 January 2018 est.) Refined petroleum products – production: 950,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
Thesis about Indonesian Refined petroleum products – consumption: 1.601 million bbl/day (2016 est.) Refined petroleum products – exports: 79,930 bbl/day (2015 est.) Refined petroleum products – imports: 591,500 bbl/day (2015 est.) Natural gas – production: 72.09 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas – consumption: 42.32 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas – exports: 29.78 billion cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas – imports: 0 cu m (2017 est.) Natural gas – proved reserves: 2.866 trillion cu m (1 January 2018 est.) Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy: 540.7 million Mt (2017 est.) ^Back to Top Communications
Thesis about Indonesian Cellular Phones in use: total subscriptions: 458,923,202 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 176 (2017 est.) Telephone system: general assessment: domestic service includes an interisland microwave system, an HF radio police net, and a domestic satellite communications system; international service good; Indonesia has very low fixed line and fixed broadband penetration, high mobile penetration and moderate mobile broadband penetration (2018) domestic: fixed-line 4 per 100 and mobile-cellular 175 per 100 persons; coverage provided by existing network has been expanded by use of over 200,000 telephone kiosks many located in remote areas; mobile-cellular subscribership growing rapidly (2018) international: country code – 62; landing point for both the SEA-ME-WE-3 and SEA-ME-WE-4.
Thesis about Indonesian submarine cable networks that provide links throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; satellite earth stations – 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) Broadcast media: mixture of about a dozen national TV networks – 1 public broadcaster, the remainder private broadcasters – each with multiple transmitters; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks, as well as regional and local stations; overall, more than 700 radio stations with more than 650 privately operated (2019) Internet country code: .id Internet users: total: 65,525,226 percent of population: 25.4% (July 2016 est.) ^Back to Top
Thesis about Indonesian Transportation Airports: 673 (2013) Airports (paved runways): total 186 (2017) over 3,047 m: 5 (2017) 2,438 to 3,047 m: 21 (2017) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 51 (2017) 914 to 1,523 m: 72 (2017) under 914 m: 37 (2017) Airports (unpaved runways): total 487 (2013) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2013)
Thesis about Indonesian 914 to 1,523 m: 23 (2013) under 914 m: 460 (2013) Heliports: 76 (2013) Pipelines: 1064 km condensate, 150 km condensate/gas, 11702 km gas, 119 km liquid petroleum gas, 7767 km oil, 77 km oil/gas/water, 728 km refined products, 53 km unknown, 44 km water (2013) Railways: total 8,159 km (2014) narrow gauge: 8,159 km 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) (2014) note: 4,816 km operational Roadways: total 496,607 km (2011) paved: 283,102 km (2011) unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
Thesis about Indonesian Waterways: 21,579 km (2011) Merchant marine: total 9,053 by type: bulk carrier 97, container ship 205, general cargo 2203, oil tanker 567, other 5981 (2018) Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Banjarmasin, Belawan, Kotabaru, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok container port(s) (TEUs): Tanjung Perak (3,553,370), Tanjung Priok (6,090,000) (2017) LNG terminal(s) (export): Bontang, Tangguh LNG terminal(s) (import): Arun, Lampung, West Java ^Back to Top Military Military branches: Indonesian Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD)), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL), includes marines (Korps Marinir, KorMar), naval air arm), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara (TNI-AU)), National Air Defense Command (Komando Pertahanan Udara Nasional (Kohanudnas)) (2013) Military service age and obligation: 18-45 years of age for voluntary military service, with selective conscription authorized; 2-year service obligation, with reserve obligation to age 45 (officers); Indonesian citizens only (2012) Military expenditures: 0.84% of GDP (2017) 0.88% of GDP (2016) 0.89% of GDP (2015) 0.78% of GDP (2014) 0.92% of GDP (2013) ^Back to Top
Thesis about Indonesian Transnational Issues Disputes – International: Indonesia has a stated foreign policy objective of establishing stable fixed land and maritime boundaries with all of its neighbors; three stretches of land borders with Timor-Leste have yet to be delimited, two of which are in the Oecussi exclave area, and no maritime or Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries have been established between the countries; all borders between Indonesia and Australia have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches; land and maritime negotiations with Malaysia are ongoing, and disputed areas include the controversial Tanjung Datu and Camar Wulan border area in Borneo and the maritime boundary in the Ambalat oil block in the Celebes Sea; Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; maritime delimitation talks continue with Palau; EEZ negotiations with Vietnam are ongoing, and the two countries in Fall 2011 agreed to work together to reduce illegal fishing along their maritime boundary Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees (country of origin): 6,098 (Afghanistan) (2018) IDPs: 16,000 (inter-communal, inter-faith, and separatist violence between 1998 and 2004 in Aceh and Papua; religious attacks and land conflicts in 2012 and 2013; most IDPs in Aceh, Maluku, East Nusa Tengarra) (2018) Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy; President WIDODO's war on drugs has led to an increase in death sentences and executions, particularly of foreign drug traffickers ^Back to Top Indonesia« Previous Country | Next Country » Back to Flag Counter Overview Source: CIA – The World Factbook


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Over the next four years, the Woodland Trust will be commemorating the centenary of the First World War by planting millions of trees across the country – and you have the chance to create a lasting tribute to those who lived and served during the war.
The Woodland Trust is the UK's leading woodland conservation charity, championing native woods and trees. It owns more than 1,000 sites across the UK, and now has ambitious plans to create four Centenary Woods – one each in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – to commemorate the anniversary. These woods will offer a unique place for reflection, with trees planted in memory of people who lived and served during the war.
Donations made towards the project will play a huge part in purchasing, developing and caring for the new woods.
The Trust and the Runcorn & Widnes World are hoping readers will dedicate a tree in one of the Centenary Woods. Your donation of £20 will enable the Trust to dedicate a single tree to create a lasting tribute to your ancestors, which will become part of a larger woodland story and stand as a peaceful tribute for future generations to appreciate.
So dedicating a tree in the Centenary Woods is a lasting, unique and very personal way to commemorate those who lived and died during the First World War. And practically every family in the country has someone who gave their all and so deserves to be remembered in this lasting, unique and personal way.
The Runcorn & Widnes World would like to publish the most moving stories from local people as they dedicate their trees so please do get in touch with us.
Your local paper will be paid 10% of donations to help pay for the cost of this appeal.
The remaining 90% of your donation will go to the Trust.
To find out more about the project, to dedicate a tree or to make a contribution to any of the Woodland Trust's four new sites, simply visit: www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/mylocalpaper or call 0800 915 1914.
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Think reality delights? You bet your walls do too. So, why not introduce them to our collection of figurative art. Make acquaintance with inspiring muses of famous masters or get a glimpse of pop culture icons caught on camera. Any masterpieces you choose will give your space a unique story to share in our handcrafted frames.
This genre of art involves a realistic depiction of living as well as inanimate objects. Artists like Jean Michel Basquiat, Norman Rockwell, and Banksy are renowned for giving a platform to cultural commentary and human experiences through their art.