text:
fails.This FAQ is for the Windows port of R: it describes features specific to that version. The main R FAQ can be found at
The information here applies only to recent versions of R for Windows. It is biased towards users of 64-bit Windows.
Go to any CRAN site (see https://cran.r-project.org/mirrors.html for a list), navigate to the bin/windows/base directory and collect the file(s) you need. The current release is distributed as an installer 'R-4.1.2-win.exe' of about 65MB.
There are also links on that page to the 'r-patched' and 'r-devel' snapshots. These are frequently updated builds of development versions of R. The 'r-patched' build includes bug fixes to the current release, and 'r-devel' contains these as well as changes that are planned to eventually make it into the next 'x.y.0' release.
Current binary versions of R are known to run on Windows 7 or later, including on 64-bit versions: See Can I use R on 64-bit Windows?. Windows XP is no longer supported.
We only test on versions of Windows currently supported by Microsoft, mainly 64-bit Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 and Windows 10.
Your file system must allow case-honouring long file names (as is likely except perhaps for some network-mounted systems). An installation takes up to 150MB of disk space.
If you want to be able to build packages from sources, we recommend that
you choose an installation path not containing spaces. (Using a path
with spaces in will probably work, but is little-tested.) Users
installing for a single user using an account with administrator
rights1 should consider
installing into a non-system area (such as C:\R). Installing to
a network share (a filepath starting with \\machine\...
) is not
supported: such paths will need to mapped to a network drive.
To install use 'R-4.1.2-win.exe'. Just double-click on the icon and follow the instructions. If you have an account with Administrator privileges you will be able to install R in the Program Files area and to set all the optional registry entries; otherwise you will only be able to install R in your own file area. You may need to confirm that you want to proceed with installing a program from an 'unknown' or 'unidentified' publisher.
After installation you should choose a working directory for R. You will have a shortcut to Rgui.exe on your desktop and/or somewhere on the Start menu file tree, and perhaps also in the Quick Launch part of the taskbar (Vista and earlier). Right-click each shortcut, select Properties... and change the 'Start in' field to your working directory. (If your account was not the one used for installation, you may need to copy the shortcut before editing it.)
On some systems you will have two shortcuts, one for 32-bit with a label
starting R i386
and one for 64-bit starting R x64
(see Should I run 32-bit or 64-bit R?)
You may also want to add command-line arguments at the end of the
Target field (after any final double quote, and separated by a
space), for example --sdi --max-mem-size=1G
. You can also set
environment variables at the end of the Target field, for example
, and if you want to ensure that menus and
messages are in (American) English, LANGUAGE=en
Relates to earlier installers, removed in R 2.11.0.
The normal way to customize the installation is by selecting components from the wizards shown by the installer. However, sysadmins might like to install R from scripts, and the following command-line flags are available for use with the installer.
only show the installation progress window and error messages.
only show error messages.
set the default installation directory
set the default Start-menu group name
set the initial list of components: Components are named 'main', 'i386', 'x64' and 'translations'.
It is also possible to save the settings used to a file and later reload those settings using
save the settings to the specified file. Don't forget to use the quotes if the filename contains spaces.
instructs the installer to load the settings from the specified file after having checked the command line.
A successful installation has exit code 0: unsuccessful ones may give 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. See the help for Inno Setup (http://jrsoftware.org/) for details.
We have some facilities for building a customized installer, in particular to add packages to the installer. See the 'R Installation and Administration' manual in the subsection 'Building the installers'.
Just double-click on the shortcut you prepared at installation.
If you want to set up another project, make a new shortcut or use the existing one and change the 'Start in' field of the Properties.
You may if you prefer run R from the command line of any shell you use,
for example a 'Command Prompt' or a port of a Unix shell such as
or bash
. (The command line can be anything you
would put in the Target field of a shortcut, and the starting directory
will be the current working directory of the shell. Note that the R
executables are not by default added to the PATH
.) People running
from a terminal usually prefer to run Rterm.exe
and not
Yes, with care. A basic R installation is relocatable, so you can burn an image of the R installation on your hard disc or install directly onto a removable storage device such as a flash-memory USB drive.
Running R does need access to a writable temporary directory and to a home directory, and in the last resort these are taken to be the current directory. This should be no problem on a properly configured version of Windows, but otherwise does mean that it may not be possible to run R without creating a shortcut starting in a writable folder.
Normally you can do this from the 'Programs and Features' group in the Control Panel. If it does not appear there, run unins000.exe in the top-level installation directory. On recent versions of Windows you may be asked to confirm that you wish to run a program from an 'unknown' or 'unidentified' publisher.
Uninstalling R only removes files from the initial installation, not (for example) packages you have installed or updated.
If all else fails, you can just delete the whole directory in which R was installed.
That's a matter of taste. For most people the best thing to do is to
uninstall R (see the previous Q), install the new version, copy any
installed packages to the library folder in the new installation, run
update.packages(checkBuilt=TRUE, ask=FALSE)
in the new R and then
delete anything left of the old installation. Different versions of R
are quite deliberately installed in parallel folders so you can keep old
versions around if you wish.
For those with a personal library (folder R\win-library\x.y
of your home directory, R\win64-library\x.y on 64-bit
builds), you will need to update that too when the minor version of R
changes (e.g. from 4.0.2 to 4.1.0). A simple way to do so is to
copy (say) R\win-library\4.0 to R\win-library\4.1 before
running update.packages(checkBuilt=TRUE, ask=FALSE)
Indeed there is. It is set by the command-line flag
--max-mem-size (see How do I install R for Windows?) or by
environment variable R_MAX_MEM_SIZE
For a 64-bit build of R it defaults to the amount of RAM.
For a 32-bit build of R it defaults to the smaller of the amount of physical RAM in the machine and 0.5GB less than the limit on user virtual memory for a process (most often 2GB when using a 32-bit edition of Windows).
Use ?Memory
and ?memory.size
for information about memory
usage. The limit can be raised (if possible) by calling
within a running R session.
The 32-bit executables support up to 3GB of user address space per
process under suitably enabled versions of 32-bit Windows (see
this is not enabled by default). On such systems, the default for
is the smaller of the amount of RAM and 2.5GB. On
all but the earliest 64-bit versions of Windows the user address space
for a 32-bit process is 4GB, and there the default for
is the smaller of the amount of RAM and 3.5GB.
Create a separate shortcut for each project: see Q2.5. All the paths to files used by R are relative to the starting directory, so setting the 'Start in' field automatically helps separate projects.
Alternatively, start R by double-clicking on a saved .RData file in the directory for the project you want to use, or drag-and-drop a file with extension .RData onto an R shortcut. In either case, the working directory will be set to that containing the file.
It depends what you want to print.
with suitable arguments (see its help page: most likely
will work).
help(fn_name, help_type="PDF")
?Yes: use R CMD BATCH --help
or ?BATCH
for full details.
You can also set up a batch file using Rterm.exe
. A sample
batch file might contain (as one line)
path_to_R\bin\x64\Rterm.exe --no-restore --no-save < %1 > %1.out 2>&1
The purpose of 2>&1
is to redirect warnings and errors to the
same file as normal output.
Yes. ESS has for a long time supported R under Windows: it does so by
running Rterm.exe
without a visible console.
For help with ESS, please send email to firstname.lastname@example.com, not the R mailing lists.
Several places in the documentation use these terms.
The working directory is the directory from which Rgui
was launched, unless a shortcut was used when it is given
by the 'Start in' field of the shortcut's properties. You can find this
from R code by the call getwd()
The home directory is set as follows: If environment variable
is set, its value is used. Otherwise if environment
variable HOME
is set, its value is used. After those two
user-controllable settings, R tries to find system-defined home
directories. It first tries to use the Windows "personal" directory
(typically C:\Users\username\Documents). If that fails, if both
environment variables HOMEDRIVE
and HOMEPATH
are set (and
they normally are), the value is ${HOMEDRIVE}${HOMEPATH}. If
all of these fail, the current working directory is used.
You can find this from R code by Sys.getenv("R_USER")
, '~' being Unix notation for the home directory.
Environment variables can be set for Rgui.exe
in three different ways.
you could have
"path_to_R\bin\x64\Rgui.exe" HOME=p:/ R_LIBS=p:/myRlib
If you have permission to do so, you can also create an environment file etc\Renviron.site and set environmental variables in that file in the same way. This is useful for variables which should be set for all users and all usages of this R installation. (Their values can be overridden in a .Renviron file or on the command line.)
See ?Startup
for more details of environment files.
The order of precedence for environmental variables is the order in which these options are listed, that is the command line then .Renviron then the inherited environment.
How did you specify it? Backslashes have to be doubled in R character strings, so for example one needs '"d:\\R-4.1.2\\library\\xgobi\\scripts\\xgobi.bat"'. You can make life easier for yourself by using forward slashes as path separators: they do work under Windows. You should include the file extension (e.g. '"xgobi.bat"' rather than just '"xgobi"'); sometimes this isn't shown in Windows Explorer, but it is necessary in R.
A simple way to avoid these problems is to use the function
to invoke the standard Windows file selection
dialog. If you select a file there, the name will be passed to R in
the correct format.
Another possible source of grief is spaces in folder names. We have
tried to make R work on paths with spaces in, but many people writing
packages for Unix do not bother. So it is worth trying the alternative
short name (something like 'PROGRA~1'; you can get it as the
'MS-DOS name' from the Properties of the file on some versions of
Windows, and from dir /X
in a 'Command Prompt' window),
and using the function shortPathName
from R code.
Not when R itself is running.
When you run the R installer, there are options (under 'Select Additional Tasks') to 'Save version number in registry' and (for Administrator installs) 'Associate R with .RData files'.
If you tick the first option, the following string entries are added to the Windows registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\R-core\R\Current Version
contains the version number, currently 4.1.2.
(where [version]
is currently 4.1.2) contains the path to the R
home directory.
If you do not have administrative privileges on the machine while
running the installer, then the entries are created under
. The same entries are also created under
or Software\R-core\R64
, for 32- and
64-bit R respectively.
If you tick the second option (shown with administrative privileges
only) ('Associate R with .RData files') then entries are created
under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.RData
After installation you can add the Registry entries by running
in a sub-folder of the bin
folder, and remove
them by running this with argument /U
. Note that this requires
administrative privileges unless run with argument /Personal
neither sets up nor removes the file associations.
Directly, no. See packages such as RDCOMClient
from Omegahat
(source and binary packages available from
and the non-Free project at http://www.statconn.com/.
for example update.packages()
and the menu items on the Packages menu.
We have had several reports of this, although they do work for us on all of our machines. There are two known possible causes.
(a) A proxy needs to be set up: see ?download.file
(b) Firewall settings are blocking the R executables from contacting the Internet (but this should result in informative error messages from the firewall program).
This has not been reported for a few years, but used to happen regularly. All the occurrences we have solved have been traced to faulty versions of 'msvcrt.dll': we have installed a workaround that seems to avoid this. A few other people have discovered this was caused by desktop switcher and keyboard macro programs, for example 'Macro Magic' and 'JS Pager'.
This is a warning which indicates that R has taken action to correct the action of some (non-R) DLL which has just been loaded and has changed the floating point control word (in its initialization code) to a setting incompatible with that needed for R. This is not good practice on the part of the DLL, and often indicates that it needs to be updated.
Unfortunately, because DLLs may themselves load other DLLs it is not possible for R to track which DLL caused the problem.
See also ?dyn.load
Some users have found that Rgui.exe
fails to start, exiting with
a "Floating-point invalid operation" or other low level error. This
error may also happen in the middle of a session. In some cases where
we have tracked this down, it was due to bugs in the video driver on the
system in question: it makes changes to the floating point control word
which are incompatible with R. (Good practice would restore the control
word to the state it was in when the driver code was called, and R
tries hard to correct this before running its own code.) For example,
one user reported that the virtual screen manager JSP2 caused this
These errors are essentially impossible for us to fix or work around beyond the measures already taken. The only solution we know of is for the user to replace the buggy system component that is causing the error.
This is a misreading of Windows' confusing Task Manager. R's computation is single-threaded, and so it cannot use more than one CPU. What the task manager shows is not the usage in CPUs but the usage as a percentage of the apparent total number of CPUs. We say 'apparent' as it treats so-called 'hyper-threaded' CPUs such as two CPUs per core, and most modern CPUs have at least two cores.
You can see how many 'CPU's are assumed by looking at the number of graphs of 'CPU Usage History' on the 'Performance' tab of the Windows Task manager.
It does. A few issues have been reported that are related to the way accounts and file permissions work. (These are not specifically R issues, but changes in user experiences.)
Earlier versions of Windows had user and Administrator accounts, and user accounts could be give administrative privileges (by being added to the local Administrators group) and so write permission over system areas such as c:\Program Files. R would be installed either by users in their own file space or by an account with administrator privileges into a system area. Sysadmins could set policies for user accounts, and you might for example have needed to be a 'Power User' to install software at all.
Vista and later normally disable the Administrator account and expect software installation to be done by an account which is in the local Administrator group with 'admin approval mode' turned on. (The Administrator account by default has it turned off.) Unlike (say) Windows XP, such accounts do not run programs with full administrator privileges, and this is where the issues arise. These OSes have the concept of 'over-the-shoulder' credentials: if you are running without full administrator privileges and do something which needs them you may be prompted with one or more security-check dialog boxes, and may be required to provide administrator credentials or confirm that you really want to take that action.
Vista and later will report that the R installer has an 'unidentified publisher' or 'unknown publisher' and ask if it should be run. System administrators can disable installing applications from non-trusted sources, in which case you will have to persuade them that R is trustworthy, or digitally sign the R installer yourself, or (unless this is also disabled) run the installer from a standard account and install into your own file area. (The same issues apply to the .msi version of the installer.)
If you install R as a standard user into your own file space and use it under the same account, there are no known permission issues.
If you use the default Administrator account (without 'admin approval mode' being turned on) and install/update packages (in the system area or elsewhere), no issues are known.
If you use an account in the local Administrators group in 'admin
approval mode' (which is the intended norm under these OSes),
installation will make use of 'over-the-shoulder' credentials. You will
run into problems if you try installing (including updating) packages in
the main R library. (It would be nice if at that point R could use
over-the-shoulder credentials, but they apply to processes as a whole.
Vista and later disallow creating .dll
files in the system area
without credentials.) There are several ways around this.
For an installation to be used by a single user, the simplest way is to make use of a 'personal library': See I don't have permission to write to the R-4.1.2\library directory.
For a site installation, you can create a site-wide library directory
anywhere convenient, and add it to the default package search path for
all users via R_LIBS_SITE
in etc\Renviron.site. See What are HOME and working directories?. There is a standard location for a
site library, the site-library directory in the top-level R
folder (which you would need to create with full control for the R
installation account). This will be used for installation in preference
to the main library folder if it exists.
This approach will not allow you to update the recommended packages unless you 'Run as administrator': we suggest you use an R session running under Administrator privileges when updating those.
Another issue with Vista was that the standard POSIX ways that R uses
(e.g. in file.info
and file.access
) to look at file
permissions no longer work reliably. file.access
was re-written
to work with Windows NT-based security and the new version seems much
more reliable with these OSes (but still not 100% correct).
R may make use of directional quotes that are not always rendered
correctly by Windows: these are used by default only by Rgui
suitable locales (not Chinese/Japanese/Korean).
Whether these are used in R output (from functions sQuote
) is controlled by getOption("useFancyQuotes")
default is FALSE
except for the Rgui
console. There are
two potential problems with rendering directional quotes. The first is
with running Rterm
: in European locales the 'Windows Command
Prompt' is by default set up to use MS-DOS and not Windows default
encodings: this can be changed via chcp
, with chcp
being appropriate for Western European (including English)
locales. The other is that the default raster fonts only include
directional single quotes and not directional double quotes (which will
probably be rendered as a filled rectangle).
Directional quotes will also be used in text help which is normally displayed in R's internal pager: these may not be rendered correctly in an external pager. They are also used in HTML help, where most browsers use fonts which render them correctly.
The font used can affect whether quotes are rendered correctly. The
default font in the Rgui
console and internal pager is
Courier New
, which has directional quotes on all the systems we
tried. Lucida Console
which has elegant glyphs for directional
quotes (but seems rather light unless ClearType is in use):
is another font which we often select when ClearType is
in use. Non-TrueType fonts such as Courier
and FixedSys
lack directional double quotes on the systems we tried.
There is a related problem with using Sweave
output in
, for LaTeX needs to be told about the encoding of
directional quotes by including in the LaTeX preamble e.g. (for a
Western European locale)
or their use suppressed by options(useFancyQuotes=FALSE)
Where tilde does not appear on the main keyboard, it can normally be
accessed by pressing AltGr (the right Alt key) plus some other key.
This is ]
in Canadian (multilingual), German and Scandinavian
layouts, 1
in Eastern Europe, [
in Portuguese, 4
in Spanish, /
in Francophone Belgian, and so on. You
can explore those for your keyboard via the 'On-Screen Keyboard' (under
Ease of access on Windows 7).
On all Windows versions you should be able to get tilde by holding the down the left Alt key and typing 0126 on the numeric keypad (if you have one), then releasing the Alt key.
The 32-bit build of R for Windows will run on both 32-bit and 64-bit2 versions of Windows. 64-bit versions of Windows run 32-bit executables under the WOW (Windows on Windows) subsystem: they run in almost exactly the same way as on a 32-bit version of Windows, except that the address limit for the R process is 4GB (rather than 2GB or perhaps 3GB).
When R is installed on 64-bit Windows there is the option of installing 32- and/or 64-bit builds: the default is to install both. If you are using the 32-bit build, replace 'x64' by 'i386' in the examples in this FAQ.
Obviously, only relevant if you are using 64-bit Windows.
For most users we would recommend using the 'native' build, that is the 32-bit version on 32-bit Windows and the 64-bit version of 64-bit Windows.
The advantage of a native 64-bit application is that it gets a 64-bit address space and hence can address far more than 4GB (how much depends on the version of Windows, but in principle 8TB). This allows a single process to take advantage of more than 4GB of RAM (if available) and for R's memory manager to more easily handle large objects (in particular those of 1GB or more). The disadvantages are that all the pointers are 8 rather than 4 bytes and so small objects are larger and more data has to be moved around, and that less external software is available for 64-bit versions of the OS. The 64-bit compilers are able to take advantage of extra features of all x86-64 chips (more registers, SSE2/3 instructions, …) and so the code may run faster despite using larger pointers. The 64-bit build is nowadays usually slightly faster than the 32-bit build on a recent CPU (Intel Core 2 or later or AMD equivalent).
For advanced users the choice may be dictated by whether the contributed
packages needed are available in 64-bit builds (although CRAN only
offers 32/64-bit builds). The considerations can be more complex: for
example 32/64-bit RODBC
need 32/64-bit ODBC drivers respectively,
and where both exist they may not be able to be installed together. An
extreme example is the Microsoft Access/Excel ODBC drivers: if you have
installed 64-bit Microsoft Office you can only install the 64-bit
drivers and so need to use 64-bit RODBC
and hence R. (And
similarly for 32-bit Microsoft Office.)
Obviously, only relevant if the machine is running a 64-bit version of Windows – simply select both when using the installer. You can also go back and add 64-bit components to a 32-bit install, or vice versa.
For many Registry items, 32- and 64-bit programs have different views of the Registry, but clashes can occur. The most obvious problem is the file association for .RData files, which will use the last installation for which this option is selected, and if that was for an installation of both, will use 64-bit R. To change the association the safest way is to edit the Registry entry 'HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\RWorkspace\shell\open\command' and replace 'x64' by 'i386' or vice versa.
This has often been reported after an upgrade.
The R installer does not put Rcmd.exe
(nor any other R
executable) on your PATH
. What seems to have happened is that
people did this for themselves in the past, upgraded R (which by default
will install to a different location) and un-installed the old version
of R. If you do that (or install R for the first time), you need to
edit the PATH
The element you want to add to the path is something like
c:\Program Files\R\R-4.0.0\bin\x64
for 64-bit Rcmd.exe
, replacing x64
by i386
How you set the path depends on your OS version. Under recent versions, go to 'User Accounts' in the Control Panel, and select your account and then 'Change my environment variables'. (System policies can prevent end users making changes.)
An alternative is to set the PATH
in the shell you are running
is a command-line program). For those using the
standard Windows 'Command Prompt' Duncan Murdoch suggested:
The simple way to do it just for the command prompt is to write a little
batch file setpath.bat
set PATH=newstuff;%PATH%
and then run cmd
CMD /K setpath.bat
Only a limited range of languages is supported, currently Catalan, both Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Russian, Slovenian, Spanish (Spain) and Ukranian.
The default behaviour of R is to try to run in the language you run Windows in.
Apparently some users want3
Windows in their native language, but not R. To do so, set
as discussed in Q2.2 and Q2.15, or in the
Rconsole file.
Suitable versions of Windows support what it calls 'East Asian' languages, but e.g. Western installations of Windows often do not have such support. So we need to assume that your copy of Windows does.
Both Rterm.exe
and Rgui.exe
support single- and
double-width characters. It will be necessary to select suitable fonts
in files Rconsole and Rdevga (see ?Rconsole
or the
comments in the files: the system versions are in the etc
folder); in the latter you can replace Arial
by Arial
Unicode MS
, and we tried FixedSys
and MS Mincho
Rconsole. (Note that Rdevga only applies to Windows
graphics devices and not, say, to pdf
Note that it is important that the console font uses double-width
characters for all CJK characters (as that is what the width table used
assumes): this is true for the fonts intended for CJK locales but not
for example for Lucida Console
or Consolas
You do need to ensure that R is running in a suitable locale: use
to find out. (CJK users may be used to their
language characters always being available, which is the case for
so-called 'Unicode' Windows applications. However, R is primarily
written for Unix-alikes and is not therefore 'Unicode' in the Windows
sense.) You can find suitable locale names from
and https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cdax410z%28v=vs.80%29.aspx
beware that "Chinese"
is Traditional Chinese (code page 950,
Big5) and "chs"
is needed for Simplified Chinese (code page 936,
When using Rterm
the window in which it is run has to be set
up to use a suitable font (e.g. Lucida Console
, not the OEM raster fonts) and a suitable codepage
(which for the Windows Cmd shell can be done using chcp
Precisely, you selected English for installation! The language of the installer has nothing to do with the language used to run R: this is completely standard Windows practice (and necessary as different users of the computer may use different languages).
The language R uses for menus and messages is determined by the
locale: please read the appropriate manual ('R Installation and
Administration') for the details. You can ensure that R uses English
messages by appending LANGUAGE=en
to the shortcut you use to
start R, or setting it in the Rconsole file.
for example, in the console and to annotate graphs. Similar comments apply to any non-Western-European language.
With suitable fonts, this should just work. You will need to set MS
Mincho or MS Gothic as the console font to ensure that single- and
double-width characters are handled correctly. The default graphics
fonts for the windows()
graphics device can handle most common
Japanese characters, but more specialized fonts may need to be set.
(See Q5.2 for how to set fonts: the console font can also be set from
the 'GUI preferences' menu item.) The help for windowsFonts
examples of selecting Japanese fonts for the windows()
family of
In addition, the Hershey vector fonts (see ?Hershey
and demo(Japanese)
) can be used on any graphics
device to display Japanese characters.
To use non-Latin-1 characters in the postscript
graphics device,
see its help page (which also applies to pdf
You need to specify a font in Rconsole (see Q5.2) that supports the encoding in use. This used to be a problem in earlier versions of Windows, but now it is hard to find a font which does not.
Support for these characters within Rterm
depends on the
environment (the terminal window and shell, including locale and
codepage settings) within which it is run as well as the font used by
the terminal window. Those are usually on legacy DOS settings and need
to altered.
In most cases they actually are, but by Windows. Setting the locale or
the LANGUAGE
environment variable does not change the Windows
setting of its 'UI language'. Vista and later talk about the 'UI
language' and the 'system locale' for setting the language used for
'non-Unicode' programs (on the 'Administrative' tab in Windows 7).
If you have Windows running completely in say French or Chinese these settings are likely to be consistent. However, if you try to run Windows in one language and R in another, you may find the way Windows handles internationalization slightly odd.
Yes, but you will need a lot of tools to do so, unless the author or the
maintainers of the bin/windows/contrib section on CRAN have been
kind enough to provide a binary version for Windows as a
file, or the package is a simple one involving no compiled
code (and binary versions are usually available for simple
You can install binary packages either from a repository such as
CRAN or from a local .zip
file by using install.packages
see its help page. There are menu items on the Packages
menu to
provide a point-and-click interface to package installation. The
packages for each minor (4.x.?) version will be stored in a separate area,
so for R 4.0.? the files are in bin/windows/contrib/4.0.
If there is no binary package or that is not up-to-date or you prefer
compiling from source, read the 'R Installation and Administration'
manual section on 'Add-on Packages'. Source packages which contain no
C/C++/Fortran code which needs compilation can simply be installed by
install.packages(type = "source")
or R CMD INSTALL
at a Windows command prompt. For packages with code that needs
compilation you will need to collect and install several tools: you can
download them via the portal at
https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/Rtools/. Once you have done
so, just run R CMD INSTALL pkgname
at a Windows command
prompt. To check the package (including running all the examples on its
help pages and in its test suite, if any) use R CMD check
: see the 'Writing R Extensions' manual.
Note that setting up Windows to install a source package that needs compilation is rather tricky; please do ensure that you have followed the instructions exactly. At least 90% of the questions asked are because people have not done so.
If you have a source package that is known to work on a Unix-alike system, you can try the automated Windows binary package builder documented at https://win-builder.r-project.org.
You can install packages anywhere and use the environment variable
(see How do I set environment variables?) to point to
the library location(s).
Suppose your packages are installed in p:\myRlib. Then you can EITHER
set the environment variable R_LIBS to p:/myRlib before starting R
OR use a package by, e.g.
library(mypkg, lib.loc="p:/myRlib")
You can also have a personal library, which defaults to the directory
R\win-library\x.y of your home directory for versions
x.y.z of R. This location can be changed by setting the
environment variable R_LIBS_USER
, and can be found from inside R
by running Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER")
. This will only be used if
it exists so you may need to create it: you can use
dir.create(Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER"), recursive = TRUE)
to do so. If you use install.packages
and do not have permission
to write to the main or site library, it should offer to create a personal
library for you and install the packages there. This will also happen
if update.packages
offers to update packages for you in a library
where you do not have write permission.
There can be additional security issues under Windows Vista and later: See Does R run under Windows Vista?. In particular, the detection that a standard user has suitable permissions appears to be unreliable under Vista, so we recommend that you do create a personal directory yourself.
This question applied to the pre-2.10.0 HTML help system, which has been replaced.
This question applied to the pre-2.10.0 search system, which has been replaced.
Is the package installed for this version of R? Packages need to have prepared for R 4.0.0 or later.
You can tell the version the package was compiled for by looking at the 'Built:' line in its DESCRIPTION file.
For a small number of binary packages you need to install additional
software and have its DLLs in your PATH
. Windows will normally
give an informative message about a certain DLL not being found. See
https://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/contrib/4.0/ReadMe for a
listing of some of these packages (notably RGtk2
, rggobi
, rJava
, rjags
and some
of the packages connecting to databases).
For package tcltk
to work (try demo(tkdensity)
after library(tcltk)
) you need to have Tcl/Tk
installed. This is part of the R installation, so it should be there.
However, if you have the environment variable MY_TCLTK
set to a
non-empty value, it is assumed that you want to use a different Tcl/Tk
8.6.x installation with the path to its bin directory given by
value of MY_TCLTK
, and that this is set up correctly (with
set if needed). Note that you do need 8.6.x and not
8.5.x nor 8.4.x, and you do need the architecture to match, that is a
32-bit or 64-bit build of Tcl/Tk to match the R build in use. (There is
no guarantee that a 64-bit build will work: it depends on the layout it
In the past several package authors have suggested using ActiveTcl
(https://www.activestate.com/Products/activetcl/) as a way to
get Tcl/Tk extensions (but the support files do contain the most
commonly used TkTable
and BWidget
extensions). This could
be used by setting (for a default install)
but current versions do not by default contain any extra
extensions (although they may be downloaded via the Teacup
facility) and this only works for 32-bit R.
This question was much more relevant prior to version 2.10.0.
They may still not work between packages installed in different libraries if the HTTP server has been disabled: the remedy is not to do that!
fails.You may not be able to update a package which is in use: Windows 'locks'
the package's DLL when it is loaded. So use update.packages()
(or the menu equivalent) in a new session.
If you put library(foo)
in your .Rprofile you will need to
start R with --vanilla to be able to update package foo
If you set R_DEFAULT_PACKAGES
to include foo
, you will
need to unset it temporarily.
It has been reported that some other software has interfered with the installation process by preventing the renaming of temporary files, Google Desktop being a known example.
as shown in the Select repositories...
item on the
This reads from the tab-delimited file R_HOME\etc\repositories, which you can edit, or put a modified copy at .R\repositories in your HOME directory (see What are HOME and working directories?).
This was about Compiled HTML help, which has not been supported since R 2.10.0.
We presume you want to do this for some special purpose: R's help system will not make use of them, links across library directories will not work (unlike R < 2.10.0), ambiguous links will be resolved at install time and missing links will be broken (previous versions used JavaScript to look for them at run time). But if you still want them, here is how to do it.
Static HTML pages are not part of the binary distribution, so you will need to install R and/or packages from their sources. To install just a few packages with static HTML pages use
R CMD INSTALL --html pkg1 pkg2 …
To install R itself with static HTML pages you need to build it from the sources for yourself. Change the following line in file MkRules.local (after copying MkRules.dist to MkRules.local if that has not already been done).
# set this to YES to build static HTML help BUILD_HTML = NO
and them all packages installed by that build of R will (by default) be installed with static HTML pages.
Presumably one not available on CRAN, BioC or a similar repository.
If you have a source package that is known to work on a Unix-alike system, you can try the automated Windows binary package builder documented at https://win-builder.r-project.org. If the package is not yours, please remember to change the maintainer address so the results go to you and not the author(s)!
However, if a CRAN package is not available in binary form, this usually means that there is a problem with some dependent package or external software (often mentioned in the @ReadMe file in the binary repository directory). You can email email@example.com expressing a wish for such a package to be ported—the maintainers will take such wishes into account when prioritizing work on binary packages.
In many cases installing packages from the sources is not at all difficult (it is simple if the package contains no compiled code), so please attempt that for yourself before requesting help from the busy volunteers.
Here are three possible reasons:
You are simply impatient, and need to wait until the binary package has been built and propagated to the CRAN mirror you are using. This normally (but not always) happens within 24 hours. Sometimes mirrors do get behind, so you could try another mirror.
The latest version of the package might require a later version of R than the one you are using. You can check on the package's HTML page on CRAN, and update your R if needed.
Your R might be too old. Binary packages for the 3.6 series will be built until about Mar 2021, and were discontinued for earlier versions by early 2020. Packages for R 4.x are built (if possible) whilst 4.(x+1) is current, but building stops once 4.(x+2) reaches alpha (pre-release, about a month before release). You can always try installing from the sources.
How old is it? The CRAN policy is to archive binary packages two years after the 3.x or 4.x series is closed. Other repositories may do so sooner.
If you are using an R version that old we advise you to update your R, but you do also have the option of installing packages from their source.
Packages without compiled code nor a configure.win script will run on both 32- and 64-bit R.
Packages with compiled code but no configure.win nor
file will be built for both when running on a
64-bit version of Windows if both versions of R are installed.
An empty configure.win is treated in the same way as if none
existed. Also, there is a list of packages known to have an
architecture-independent configure.win hardcoded into R
, and for these packages, both architectures will be built
under the above conditions. Other packages can be installed with
configure.win run for just the first architecture by using option
Any package can be installed for first one architecture and then the other with option --merge-multiarch, but the package source must be a tarball (and as before, running on a 64-bit version of Windows with both versions of R installed).
Finally, a package without a src/Makefile.win
file and no or
empty or architecture-independent configure.win
file can be
installed for both architectures from 32-bit Windows if the 64-bit
components were selected when R was installed and option
--compile-both is given. Obviously, only the 32-bit
installation can be tested.
and Ctrl-break or Ctrl-C in Rterm.exe
Ctrl-C is used for copying in Rgui.exe
, the menu item
'Help | Console' will give details. For Rterm.exe
see file
) can be specified with
either "/" or "\\".
is slightly different: see its help page and that
of shell()
You have read the file README.R-4.1.2? There are file menus on
the R console, pager and graphics windows. You can source and save from
those menus, and copy the graphics to png
, jpeg
, postscript
or metafile
. There are
right-click menus giving shortcuts to menu items, and optionally
toolbars with buttons giving shortcuts to frequent operations.
If you resize the R console the options(width=)
is automatically
set to the console width (unless disabled in the configuration file).
The graphics has a history mechanism. As README.R-4.1.2 says:
'The History menu allows the recording of plots. When plots have been recorded they can be reviewed by PgUp and PgDn, saved and replaced. Recording can be turned on automatically (the Recording item on the list) or individual plots can be added (Add or the INS key). The whole plot history can be saved to or retrieved from an R variable in the global environment. The format of recorded plots may change between R versions. Recorded plots should not be used as a permanent storage format for R plots.
There is only one graphics history shared by all the windows devices.'
The R console and graphics windows have configuration files stored in
the RHOME\etc directory called Rconsole and Rdevga;
you can keep personal copies in your HOME directory. They contain
comments which should suffice for you to edit them to your
preferences. For more details see ?Rconsole
There is a GUI preferences editor invoked from the Edit
menu which
can be used to edit the file Rconsole.
The graphics system asks Windows for the number of pixels per inch in
the X and Y directions, and uses that to size graphics (which in R are
in units of inches). Sometimes the answer is a complete invention, and
in any case Windows will not know exactly how the horizontal and
vertical size have been set on a monitor which allows them to be
adjusted. You can specify correct values either in the call to
or as options: see ?windows
. (Typically these are
of the order of 100.)
On one of our systems, the screen height was reported as 240mm, and the width as 300mm in 1280 x 1024 mode and 320mm in 1280 x 960 and 1600 x 1200 modes. In fact it was a 21" monitor and 400mm x 300mm!
This is less common with LCD screens but not unknown, particularly if they are not running at their native resolution.
You may want to do this from within a function, for example when calling 'identify' or 'readline'. Use the function 'bringToTop()'. With its default argument it brings the active graphics window to the top and gives it focus. With argument '-1' it brings the console to the top and gives it focus.
This works for Rgui.exe
in MDI and SDI modes, and can be used for
graphics windows from Rterm.exe
(although Windows may not always
act on it).
Both Rgui
and Rterm
support TAB completion.
Hitting TAB whilst entering a command line completes the current
'word' as far as is unambiguously possible. Hitting TAB a second
time then shows a list of possible completions (or the first few if
there are many): the user can then enter one or more characters and hit
TAB again.
What is it 'completing'? There are two modes: within an unterminated
(single- or double-) quoted expression it completes file
paths.4 Otherwise, it is completing R expressions: most obviously
it will match visible R object names and keywords, so apr followed
by TAB will (in a vanilla session) complete to apropos
After a function name and parenthesis (e.g. apropos() it will
complete argument names (and =), and after $ or @ it
will complete list components or slot names respectively.
This feature can be turned off: Rgui
has two menu items to do
so, and setting the environment variable R_COMPLETION
turns it off completely for both Rgui
. Further, the behaviour can be fine-tuned: to see the
settings available use
which also explains how the various types of completion work.
This feature is very similar to the completion available in the
-based command line interface on Unix-alikes: the macOS
GUI R.app
has a different completion scheme.
Have you changed the working directory?: see Q6.2.
Use the 'File | Change Dir...' menu item to select a new working directory: this defaults to the last directory you loaded a file from. The workspace is saved in the working directory. You can also save a snapshot of the workspace from the 'Save Workspace...' menu item.
From the command line you can change the working directory by the
function setwd
: see its help page.
Yes. All ports of R use the same format for saved workspaces, so they are interchangeable (for the same 4.x.? version of R, at least).
Note though that character data in a workspace will be in a particular encoding that may not be recorded in the workspace, so workspaces containing non-ASCII character data may not be interchangeable even on the same OS. Since R marks character data when it knows it to be in UTF-8 or Latin-1 (including its Windows superset, CP1252), strings in those encodings are likely to be transferred correctly: fortunately this covers most of the common cases (macOS normally uses UTF-8, and Linux users are likely to use UTF-8 or perhaps Latin-1).
It is possible to save references to package namespaces when saving the workspace: if that happens the package will need to be installed on the machine loading the workspace.
This is deliberate: the console output is buffered and re-written in chunks to be faster and less distracting. You can turn buffering off or on from the 'Misc' menu or the right-click menu: Ctrl-W toggles the setting.
If you are sourcing R code or writing from a function, there is another
option. A call to the R function flush.console()
will write out
the buffer and so update the console.
They only seem to be truncated: that $ at the end indicates you can scroll the window to see the rest of the line. Use the horizontal scrollbar or the CTRL + left/right arrow keys to scroll horizontally. (The left/right arrow keys work in the pager too.)
See the 'R Installation and Administration' manual (for the version of R you want to install).
Fast BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms, http://www.netlib.org/blas/faq.html) routines are used to speed up numerical linear algebra. There is support in the R sources for the 'tuned' BLAS called ATLAS (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net). The savings can be appreciable but because ATLAS is tuned to a particular chip we can't use it generally. However, linear algebra on large matrices is not often an important part of R computations, and more typical calculations on small matrices may run slower.
BLAS support is supplied by the single DLL R_HOME\bin\x64\Rblas.dll, and you can add a fast BLAS just by replacing that. Replacements for 32-bit R and some of the older common chips are available on CRAN in directory bin/windows/contrib/ATLAS. See the R Installation and Administration' manual for how to build an ATLAS Rblas.dll tuned to your system using the R sources. Unfortunately the process has been less successful when tried for the common current CPUs.
Note that fast BLAS implementations may give different (and often slightly less accurate) results than the reference BLAS included in R.
We strongly encourage you to do this via building an R package: see the 'Writing R Extensions' manual. In any event you should get and install the tools and toolchain mentioned in the 'R Installation and Administration' manual. Then you can use
...\bin\x64\R CMD SHLIB foo.c bar.f
to make foo.dll. Use ...\bin\x64\R CMD SHLIB --help
further options, or see ?SHLIB
. (Replace x64
for 64-bit R.)
If you want to use Visual C++, Borland C++ or other compilers, see the appropriate section in README.packages.
Debugging under Windows is often a fraught process, and sometimes does
not work at all. If all you need is a just-in-time debugger to
catch crashes, consider (32-bit) Dr. Mingw
from the
bundle on http://www.mingw.org. That will be
able to pinpoint the error, most effectively if you build a version of R
with debugging information as described below.
First, build a version of the R system with debugging information by
make clean make DEBUG=T
and make a debug version of your package by
Rcmd INSTALL --debug mypkg
You will need a suitable version of gdb
which matches your
compiler. Then you can debug by
gdb /path/to/R-4.1.2/bin/x64/Rgui.exe
(or use Rterm.exe
.) However, note
may only be able to find the source code if we run in the
location where the source was compiled (R-4.1.2/src/gnuwin32 for
the main system, R-4.1.2/src/library/mypkg/src for a package),
unless told otherwise by the directory
command. It is most
convenient to set a list of code locations via directory
in the file .gdbinit in the directory from which gdb
package stats
might be
gdb ../../../../bin/i386/Rgui.exe (gdb) break WinMain (gdb) run [ stops with R.dll loaded ] (gdb) break R_ReadConsole (gdb) continue [ stops with console running ] (gdb) continue Rconsole> library(stats) (gdb) break tukeyline (gdb) clear R_ReadConsole (gdb) continue Rconsole> example(line) ...
Alternatively, in Rgui
you can use the 'Misc|Break to
debugger' menu item after your DLL is loaded. The C function call
will do the same thing.
. It does often work with the cygwin
You need to do two things:
(a) Write a wrapper to export the symbols you want to call from R as
extern "C"
(b) Include the C++ libraries in the link to make the DLL. Suppose
X.cc contains your C++ code, and X_main.cc is the wrapper,
as in the example in 'Writing R Extensions'. Then build the DLL by
...\bin\x64\R CMD SHLIB X.cc X_main.cc
or (VC++, which requires extension .cpp
cl /MT /c X.cpp X_main.cpp link /dll /out:X.dll /export:X_main X.obj X_main.obj
and call the entry point(s) in X_R
, such as X_main
Construction of static variables will occur when the DLL is loaded, and
destruction when the DLL is unloaded, usually when R terminates.
Note that you will not see the messages from this example in the GUI console: see the next section.
The Rgui.exe
console is a Windows application: writing to
or stderr
will not produce output in the
console. (This will work with Rterm.exe
.) Use Rprintf
instead. These are declared in header file
Note that output from the console is delayed (see The output to the console seems to be delayed), so that you will not normally see any output before returning to the R prompt.
Writing to Fortran output writes to a file, not the Rgui
Use one of the subroutines dblepr
, intpr
or realpr
documented in the 'Writing R Extensions' manual.
Note that output from the console is delayed (see The output to the console seems to be delayed), so that you will not normally see any
output before returning to the R prompt even when using the xxxpr
The console, pagers and graphics window all run in the same thread
as the R engine. To allow the console etc to respond to Windows events,
call R_ProcessEvents()
periodically from your compiled code.
If you want output to be updated on the console, call
and then R_ProcessEvents()
Non-administrator accounts will automatically be offered a default installation directory in the user area.
what Windows calls x64 for x86-64 CPUs, not the very rare ia64 Windows for Itanium CPUs.
or they may have no choice: apparently some Windows editions are tied to a specific language.
It does not have a complete understanding of Windows file paths, but can complete most relative or absolute file paths, including drives and spaces. Relative paths on drives are not handled, for example.


text:
News you can use
WASHINGTON (AP) — GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney told donors in a newly released video clip that Palestinians "have no interest" in peace with Israel and suggested that efforts at Mideast peace under his administration would languish.
Romney says that Palestinians are "committed to the destruction and elimination of Israel" and that the prospects for a two-state solution to Mideast peace were dim.
"You hope for some degree of stability, but you recognize that this is going to remain an unsolved problem.and we kick the ball down the field and hope that ultimately, somehow, something will happen and resolve it," Romney said.
The remarks are contained in a clip posted Tuesday on the website of the magazine Mother Jones. The magazine said it had obtained the video of a $50,000-a-plate fundraiser in Boca Raton, Fla., on May 17.
In the latest clip, Romney is asked about the "Palestinian problem." He gives a detailed, though somewhat rambling response, and says, "the Palestinians have no interest whatsoever in establishing peace," and "the pathway to peace is almost unthinkable to accomplish."
The magazine's website quotes Romney as saying he was against applying any pressure on Israel to give up disputed territory for a two-state solution with the Palestinians.
"The idea of pushing on the Israelis to give something up to get the Palestinians to act is the worst idea in the world," Romney says, according to the magazine. Mother Jones did not provide video of that comment, however.
The new video is from the same event as the clip released Monday, in which Romney says almost half of Americans "believe that they are victims." Late Monday, Romney did not dispute the clip but said his remarks were "not elegantly stated."
Romney also blasted President Barack Obama's foreign policy approach as "naive."
"The president's foreign policy, in my opinion, is formed in part by a perception he has that his magnetism, and his charm, and his persuasiveness is so compelling that he can sit down with people like (Vladimir) Putin and (Hugo) Chávez and (Mahmoud) Ahmadinejad, and that they'll find that we're such wonderful people that they'll go on with us, and they'll stop doing bad things," Romney says. "And it's an extraordinarily naive perception."
The Romney campaign has not disputed the authenticity of the video released Monday. In a brief news conference late Monday, Romney said his comments were not "elegantly stated" and were spoken "off the cuff."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If your Honor View 10 smartphone has problems like:
How To Enter Download Mode On Honor View 10
You can enter the Honor View 10 download mode screen for offers many useful options, following the instructions below:
- Turn off the device.
- Press and hold Volume Up + Power buttons simultaneously till the device logo appears.
- When it logo appears, release Power button but hold the others few more seconds.
- Release all the buttons when Recovery Mode screen appears. If you see Android logo with No Command text, don't panic and just wait for a while.
- You can use the Volume Up and Volume Down buttons to scroll up or down, and the Power button to select an option.
To exit the Honor View 10 download mode screen, you can restart your device by using the Volume Down key or Soft Reset method.


text:
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How to Subscribe
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Humanae Vitae at 50
Love Is Our Mission' is theme of 2015 family meeting in Philadelphia
By Matthew Gambino
Catholic News Service
PHILADELPHIA (CNS) -- The archbishop in charge of the Vatican office sponsoring next year's World Meeting of Families in Philadelphia paid a visit to the city May 13 in typical tourist fashion: by viewing the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall.
Archbishop Vincenzo Paglia, president of the Pontifical Council for the Family, was joined by Philadelphia Archbishop Charles J. Chaput and the event co-chairmen, Gov. Tom Corbett and Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter, for the morning review at the Liberty Bell pavilion, then on to a private tour of Independence Hall led by National Park Service guides.
Afterward at the Independence Visitors Center, Archbishop Chaput led a news conference at which he unveiled the theme of the Sept. 22-27, 2015, meeting in the city: "Love Is Our Mission: The Family Fully Alive."
He said Pope Francis' compassion for the needs of people around the world "and his deep care for the institution of the family" were the inspiration for the theme.
"It not only reminds each of us that love should be our life's mission but that also it is the engine of life. Our goal for the 2015 World Meeting of Families is to create a moment of hope and celebration for all of the world's families - a moment in which we hope Pope Francis will join."
Archbishop Chaput reiterated, as he has in the past, that he does not expect the pope to announce whether he will come to Philadelphia next year until about March. But he said that the World Meeting of Families is being planned as though the pope will attend.
Pope Francis appears to be involved in details of the planning even at this point. The archbishop said the theme was developed through consultation here and with officials of the Pontifical Council for the Family in Rome. Two suggested themes were presented to the pope and he chose the one announced at the press conference.
It will form the basis of preparatory teaching and programming content for the World Meeting of Families. About 100 speakers are expected to participate in the international conference, along with thousands of attendees from more than 150 nations.
The theme "resonates not just with Catholics, but all people of good will," the archbishop said. "It underlines the beauty and truth of family life. The love that we cite in our theme is a love that we must ensure fills every home and all family members with a unique and invigorating light and warmth."
Archbishop Paglia, who had met Archbishop Chaput, Corbett and Nutter and the Philadelphia delegation during their trip to Rome in March, appeared to thoroughly enjoy his whirlwind tour.
Asking questions of guides at the historic sites and speaking better-than-adequate English, the Italian archbishop said May 13 is the feast of Our Lady of Fatima on the church calendar. It was also the day in 1981 when St. John Paul II as pope founded the Pontifical Council for the Family. He would have announced the news but was wounded by an assassin that same day.
The archbishop said Philadelphia was "important to the history not only of the United States but of the world," and the fitting place to "celebrate the importance of families."
He called the Catholic Church "a sign of unity for humanity ... a family of people. Love flows from the family, and this is the great mission for us."
Regarding the World Meeting of Families itself, no new details were revealed except that "every inch of the (Pennsylvania) Convention Center has been booked," Archbishop Chaput said.
He, Corbett and Nutter said they expect plans to be firmly in place by this September, including a budget for which fundraising continues.
Archbishop Chaput said funds will be raised to help poor families attend the meeting and to help them materially, after meeting expenses for the meeting's events, in the months and years to follow.
Getting people to the events from hotels in the city and surrounding counties will be a logistical challenge. Corbett said the planning team is looking at smaller yet significant recent events in the region such as last year's U.S. Open at Merion and the Republican National Convention in 2000.
Once participants arrive they will find programming for all types of families, including "nontraditional families," Archbishop Chaput said in response to the issue of families headed by homosexual couples.
"Everybody is welcome," he said, adding that although the meeting will "primarily involve a Catholic understanding of the family," the virtues of the family are the same: "love, fidelity and support in time of need," he said.
The morning news conference also included Philadelphia's Ukrainian Catholic Archbishop Stefan Soroka and students from St. Francis Xavier School in Philadelphia. Afterward Archbishop Paglia and aides from his congregation traveled from the historic district to the Benjamin Franklin Parkway and toured the Cathedral Basilica of SS. Peter and Paul and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
The wide stretch of the parkway offered the archbishop a view of what Pope Francis might expect to see if he comes to celebrate a Mass in Philadelphia. Nutter called the area the most likely place to host the Mass.
After walking through the cathedral with the rector, Msgr. Arthur Rodgers, the entourage of the two archbishops, Corbett and his wife, Susan, walked across the street to Sister Cities Plaza and an impromptu cup of Philadelphia water ice from a street vendor -- who might want to prepare a lot more for September 2015.
- - -
Gambino is director and general manager of CatholicPhilly.com, the online news site of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia.


text:
OAKLAND, Calif. -- Everyone on the outside might be focusing on Peyton Manning setting more records and the Denver Broncos getting an eighth straight win to move a step closer to a first-round bye.
Manning is focused on much smaller goals -- showing improvement week to week.
The Broncos managed to do just that in a short week as Knowshon Moreno sparked a struggling running game with 119 yards and a touchdown and Manning threw for 310 yards and another score to help Denver roll past the Oakland Raiders, 26-13 on Thursday night.
"We talk about getting better," Manning said. "All the other stuff, that's not what we talk about. If we get better each week, we'll see what happens from there."
Manning extended his franchise record with his 30th touchdown pass on the game's opening drive, became the fastest quarterback to reach 5,000 career completions and earned his record 12th 10-win season as a starter.
That helped the Broncos (10-3) move a half-game ahead of New England and Baltimore for the second-best record in the AFC. Denver visits Baltimore next week in a game that will help decide who gets a first-round playoff bye.
"That would be great but we can't really concentrate on that," said cornerback Champ Bailey, who intercepted a pass. "We need to concentrate on what we need to do to get better. Just keep plugging along and that thing will take care of itself."
Carson Palmer threw one interception that thwarted a possible scoring chance for the Raiders (3-10) and lost a fumble that set up a touchdown for the Broncos as Oakland lost its sixth straight game. It is the team's longest skid since also losing six in a row in 2007.
The Raiders played the game with heavy hearts as coach Dennis Allen's father, Grady, died earlier in the week from cardiac arrest. Allen was away from the team for two days but returned Wednesday and coached the game.
"I took my father off life support (voice cracking), and that's not easy to do," Allen said. "So was it hard? Yeah, it was hard. But I know my father would want me to be here with this football team, and I wanted to be here with this football team. So I'm sure you guys can imagine it wasn't an easy situation."
The game was mildly competitive for only a brief time as the Raiders got on the board late in the first half on a touchdown pass from Palmer to Darren McFadden and then started with the ball in the third quarter down 13-7.
Manning, who joined Brett Favre as the only quarterbacks in NFL history with 5,000 career completions, converted a third-and-11 with a perfectly placed 22-yard pass to Demaryius Thomas. Manning followed that with a 29-yard completion to Eric Decker, but the drive stalled after a pass-interference call on Matt Giordano gave the Broncos a first down at the 1. Matt Prater's 20-yard field goal made it 16-7.
Mike Goodson then made the ill-advised decision to return a kick from 8 yards deep in the end zone, forcing Oakland to start a drive at the 8. Von Miller then beat Khalif Barnes for a sack on third down, stripping the ball from Palmer. Mitch Unrein recovered at the 2 and Moreno scored two plays later to make it 23-7.
Moreno is filling in for the injured Willis McGahee and is giving the Broncos the running game they will need to be successful in the postseason.
"That's something we haven't been good on the past couple of weeks including last week," Manning said. "To do that tonight I think we can build off of that."
The only remaining drama was whether quarterback project Terrelle Pryor would get his first action of the season for Oakland. He didn't, giving the frustrated Raiders fans yet another reason to be upset even though Palmer added a 56-yard TD pass to Darrius Heyward-Bey and finished with 273 yards passing.
"To rack up this many losses in a row in the fashion that we've done is just extremely frustrating," Palmer said.
The Raiders won the coin toss but decided to defer until the second half. The decision backfired as Manning converted three third downs on a 68-yard drive that was capped by a 6-yard pass to Joel Dreessen that was Manning's 30th touchdown pass of the season.
Prater added two field goals after Broncos' drives stalled inside the Oakland 20 as Denver extended the lead to 13-0. The momentum shifted after Phillip Adams' intercepted an underthrown pass from Manning to Matthew Willis in the end zone.
Oakland responded with an 80-yard drive capped by a 6-yard screen pass to McFadden.
NOTES: Raiders CB Michael Huff left in the first half with a wrist injury. ... Manning needed 221 games to reach 5,000 completions, 18 fewer than Favre. ... Miller has sacks in six straight games. ... WR Bubba Caldwell had his first catch as a Bronco.
Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press


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Are you considering adding another furry companion to your family? If so, have you thought about how your new pet will interact with your current ones? Introducing a new pet into the family is always exciting, but it's important to make sure that the pets you already have are prepared for the new addition. This will help ensure a smooth transition.
Determining Your Approach
Animals are like people in that each one has his own temperament. Most likely, you already have a strong understanding of how your current pet behaves around strangers, deals with stress and handles uncertainty — as you do with any member of your family. Use this information to determine the best approach to take when introducing your new pet to your current one. For instance, if your current pet does not like sharing his toys, make sure each of your pets has his favorite toy handy during the introduction, so the two pets are not competing for the same toy during the transition.
When choosing which introduction approach to use, you should take other factors into consideration as well, such as the breed, age and sex of your pets. All these factors inform how one animal will react to the other. For example, a 9-year-old cat that has never shared her home with other animals might never acclimate to sharing her home with a new pet. In contrast, a kitten that has been separated from the rest of her litter might welcome another animal to keep her company.
Examples of Introduction Techniques
Again, there are several techniques you can try when introducing a new pet to your current one. Use your knowledge of your current and new pets to choose the one that's right for your furry friends. Here are a few techniques you can try:
Understanding Your Animals' Cues
Animals use body postures and sounds to communicate their feelings. For instance, if one dog crouches with his hind end in the air and his front legs on the ground, he is inviting the other dog to play. This is a positive sign and typically elicits friendly behavior from the other animal.
However, if the hair on the back of your dog or cat is standing up, that animal is reacting aggressively, and you should calmly distract the animals until you can move them away from each other. Likewise, any growling or hissing sounds from either animal indicates aggression and stress.
It is important to remember that not every animal will be compatible. If your introduction does not go smoothly the first time, try again, slowly, at a later date. If several introductions still do not work, contact your veterinarian for help. He or she can provide useful information or resources to help your new and current pets make a smooth transition.


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Starbucks last week announced a plan to open stores in India by the end of the year. Let's follow up on that. This move might certify India as a rising coffee-drinking power, but it also signals a cultural change in a country that is devoted to tea. Elliot Hannon reports from New Delhi.
ELLIOT HANNON, BYLINE: The sound of a barista hard at work may be a familiar one in the U.S. or in Europe.
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON: Cappucino would be fine, ma'am?
HANNON: But India has always been a tea-drinking country at heart. Over the past decade, the country's loyalties have been changing. Thousands of coffee shops have sprouted across the country and coffee consumption has doubled. Young Indians were the earliest converts. With more money to spend as India's economy has boomed, they've taken to the new cafe culture, making coffee houses a popular hangout spot. Increased exposure to foreign brands, like Starbucks or Lavazza, through travel, movies and the Internet has helped make the whole cafe culture hip, says Vinay Gopinath, head of marketing and sales for the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf franchises in India. It's a California-based chain that opened here in 2008.
VINAY GOPINATH: It's a rapid evolution that's happening. You can like not want to term it as a revolution. Now with cafe culture going up, coffee has become the in-thing with the younger generation.
HANNON: Cafe Coffee Day, India's largest coffee chain, has also played a role. Coffee was already popular in homes in India's coffee-producing South. But instead of trying to grow cafe culture there, the coffee chain decided to think bigger and targeted the urban youth in cities like Mumbai and New Delhi. The Indian company first opened in the mid-1990s, offering a Starbucks-like atmosphere. The bustling cafes are designed to be a home away from home. To encourage young Indians to linger, sofas line the well-lit cafes and only the latest music gets played. Cafe Coffee Day focused on convincing them that they liked getting coffee, even if they were coffee lovers, says Arvind Singhal, the head of Technopack, a consulting firm in New Delhi.
ARVIND SINGHAL: They have done a lot in popularizing coffee as a sexy beverage to have, especially in urban India. Coffee drinking could be synonymous for a certain strata of society as your younger, as you're younger, you're cooler, you're affluent.
HANNON: Cafe Coffee Day now has more than 1,200 outlets in 175 cities. At Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf, Varun Goyal sits with two female friends. The 25-year-old engineer finishes off an iced mocha. But that's not why he's here.
VARUN GOYAL: We come here just for hangout kind of thing. That's it. Not especially for coffee. Coffee is just a means of hanging out. That's it.
HANNON: Many young Indians still live at home. Having a beer with friends at a bar is still frowned upon in many parts of the country, especially for women, says Arvind Singhal.
SINGHAL: There was a void for people of all ages to find a place, which is sort of a neutral place they can just go and sit. A girl and boy could go and nobody would sort of look at them as they're dating or something. So that has driven the growth of cafes in India. Beverage is incident.
HANNON: But the beverage isn't cheap. Varun Goyal's bill comes to about $8 for a round of coffee, but the whole package is worth the price, he says.
GOYAL: The bill shows 382 for three coffees. So cool, not that much. It's OK. Yeah, I saw that. The ambience of this coffee shop's good.
HANNON: For NPR News, I'm Elliot Hannon in New Delhi. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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PTB is among the top names in metrology worldwide. As the National Metrology Institute of Germany, PTB is Germany's highest authority when it comes to correct and reliable measurements. Research and development work amounts to about two thirds of all of PTB's activities.
Based on its research and development work, PTB provides a wide range of metrological services. The central task in this context – laid down by law – is to realize and to disseminate the units as accurately as possible. In this way, PTB ensures that uniform measures are used, not only in Germany, but throughout the world.
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Informationen zum Datenschutz


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JetBlue Park at Fenway South, the Spring Training ballpark and adjoining Player Development Complex for the Boston Red Sox in Lee County, Florida.
A number of the characteristics of the ballpark are taken from Fenway Park, including a "Green Monster" that features seating both on top of and behind the wall, as well as a manual scoreboard. JetBlue Park at Fenway South captures element that reflects its Southwest Florida location. Environmentally-sustainable features are incorporated throughout the facility and Complex, and the considerable landscaping features vegetation indigenous to the area.
Fenway South provides state-of-the-art training facilities positioned on a single site and is intended to be used year-round. It includes JetBlue Park, the main ballpark with a total capacity of approximately 11,000 fans (including standing room and berm), six practice fields, and other adjoining facilities that houses both the Major and Minor League operations and a rehabilitation center.


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The C2
The C2 replicates the touch and pressure of an actual massage therapist. The kneading massage, tapping massage, pummeling massage, shiatsu massage, wavelet massage, point/partial/whole massage movements featured in the chair work at multiple levels to increase blood flow, reduce muscle stiffness, and increase the movement of oxygen and other nutrients to your muscles and organs.
Six-Roller Mechanism with 6 massage types
Our 6-roller mechanism moves up and down at neck, shoulder, back and waist, the exquisite and varied massage methods with kneading, tapping, shiatsu, combined and etc. will give you humanistic massage enjoyment.
Waist, Calf and foot massage
After a long day at work or a good work-out, nothing is better than receiving a lower body massage to promote blood circulation and eliminate fatigue. The C2 allows you to choose from 3 different levels of intensity to find the right pressure for you. It even includes stretch massage, which gently stretches your legs to increase flexibility.
Footrest Pushes Out!
While many chairs in the market are not suitable for taller users, The C2 footrest completely pushes out, enabling you to fully layout your legs and get comfortable. The footrest extension enables those who are above 5 feet 10 inches to fully enjoy their massage without cramping their legs.
We wanted to make sure we would get the best value for our money with the longest life span. We looked at hot tubs with TV's, speakers, waterfalls, mermaids painted on the floor and every other thing you could imagine. We looked at every price range including internet based companies that were a quarter of the price of what we inevitably spent. After going to every hot tub store within fifty miles we decided on a Dimension One hot tub. Everything that was told to us was true!
Price and energy efficiency were concerns to us. But that really is not a factor. My LIPA is only about $40 more a month!
We are really looking forward to the winter because we find we enjoy it most in the cold, especially in the snow. We have started a new tradition on New Years Day: we have no company, plenty of champagne, food and music and we spend the day in the bubbles.
We were looking at the cheap tubs at Costco but heard many bad things about them; such as bad energy efficiency and subpar quality. I guess you get what you pay for! Spending the little extra on a quality D1 tub was worth every penny.
Since I purchased our Clearwater hot tub, I feel like I'm on vacation in my own backyard. Even in the cold weather, it's a delight to step into pure bliss, an instant "ahhhhh" feeling and a total body water massage setting me up for a great night's sleep.
We've had the hot tub for several years now at our vacation house and it works perfectly, we use it several times a week in the summer and drain and winterize it during the off season when we're not there. Great product!
Price and energy efficiency were concerns to us. But that really is not a factor. My LIPA is only about $40 more a month!
Your knowledge about Dimension One Spas and how they differ from other brands was incredible. You answered all of my questions (and I had a lot of them!), and understood what I was looking for in a hot tub. After all of my research, it's easy to understand that all hot tubs are NOT created equal.
We use our hot tub about 5 times per week. When I am in it, I feel like I am on vacation!! It is the best feeling to be in 104 degree water when it is 30 degrees outside. It is much cheaper than a pool, and you can use it year round; so it is a no-brainer to choose this over a pool. Perhaps in the future I can upgrade to a swim spa.
Thank you for a great hot tub. We love it and use it 2 or 3 times a week, usually after work in the evening. Its great relaxing together and we have arranged it in our greenhouse where we can feel like we're outside while protected and private. The maintenance is very easy.
I go in it almost every night & it really makes my back muscles feel great. I had back surgery & I feel the hot tub really helped with my recovery. I also wanted to thank you guys again. I had an issue with my pump & when I contacted you guys someone was here the next day & resolved the issue.
I use my Jacuzzi Hot Tub at least twice daily. I have severe leg and back issues and I receive some very real relief. If I use the tub before bed time, I can get a great night's sleep.
Surprising my husband with our Dimension One hot tub from The Hot Tub Factory for our 25th wedding anniversary was possibly the "best gift I could ever have received", he said. It was an investment well worth it. We've had a lot of fun drinking wine late at night with nobody around and have had a blast with our friends on the coldest of days and the most beautiful summer nights.
There were no surprise charges, no gimmicks, no extra warranty charges, the hot tub was delivered on the day they said it would be. I was a little concerned because it seemed too easy.
We love the hot tub all year long. We are just beginning to invite friends over and I am sure in time we will be recommending a handful of new customers in your direction. We have also enjoyed The Hot Tub Factory before and after the purchase. This means a great deal to customers like us.
I just wanted to thank you for the fantastic experience during my Dimension One purchase. I am one of those people that do my due diligence when making an important purchase. In comparing my visits to many hot tub stores on Long Island, The Hot Tub Factory was, by far, the best!
We use our hot tub 3 -4 times a week. We love the way it calms and de -stresses after a long day at work. We did our homework before choosing the Dimension One Amore Bay. We have and would recommend it to anyone looking for a spa that gives you instant relaxation.
After falling off a ladder, I just returned to work on full duty. The hot tub has been a Godsend. When I was going to therapy I was sitting in the hot tub for 20 minutes prior, and the therapists all said that was probably the best thing I could have done, plus it made the injuries feel a lot better faster.
The jets are perfectly placed to work each part of your body from head to toe. The pressure controls let you choose your best comfort zone. But really, the true test is after you have been in this spa you sleep like a baby! If you have a chill in your bones after being out in the cold NY air get in your amore bay your chill is gone!
Your friendly service and advice whenever I come in for supplies made this purchase one of the best investments I have ever made.
Your product is great as was the price and the service. I strongly recommend The Hot Tub Factory.
In all, a very good investment and my wife enjoys the quiet time we spend together, late at night, under a clear, starry sky!
Since I purchased our Clearwater hot tub, I feel like I'm on vacation in my own backyard. Even in the cold weather, it's a delight to step into pure bliss, an instant "ahhhhh" feeling and a total body water massage setting me up for a great night's sleep.
Norm & Mike… sorry we would have emailed you sooner but we just got out of the tub. We are going in every night and we are staying in for hours and loving every minute!!!
I found The Hot Tub Factory practically by accident and never regretted it. Norm and Mike are knowledgeable and well trained by the vendors they represent. I was taught all I needed to know and still, one year later, will call with questions when I'm not sure what to do. Susan is always patient with me. Get your own tub, the water is beautiful!
We Can't Wait To Hear From You!
Contact Us
Contact us below for a home or virtual consultation, or visit us at either our Bohemia or Bellmore showroom.


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Best commercial handyman services in Cambridge in Cambridge, ME 04923 (855) 916-2991
Do you have a list of small repairs, maintenance tasks, and decorating projects that never seem to get done? Patching walls, painting, and moving furniture around may seem like small tasks, but they take time out of your day, and a professional handyman can finish these projects quickly, efficiently, and safely. By hiring a handyman with all the right tools, knowledge, experience, safety precautions, and insurance, you are protecting your company's property and employees. Not only are you protecting your company from liability, but a professional-looking place of business is necessary for any company. Your facility is a reflection of your company, and a building owner or property manager who neglects to care for the little things can leave a bad impression on potential customers. If you want to create a more inviting and professional-looking place for your clients and staff, then taking care of the small stuff is important.
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A handyman is a skilled craftsman who can be hired to complete a wide range of home general repair work. There is a lot of home repair task you can undertake and it's important to know the benefits of hiring handyman services. It is essential to maintain a home in top condition to improve its aesthetics and comparability. Hiring handyman services to conduct small repairs work such as pipe repairs or lighting maintenance can prevent larger problems. On the other hand,
a handyman can save your time & effort because hiring handyman services can save you the effort it takes to track down the repair materials, correct instructions, and tools as well as the time you have to set aside to address the problem.
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Features :
• Get two sizes less immediately
• Can be used for 8 hours daily for 18 days and get more result -3.7cm from the technology, just wear and get slim.
We ship all across UAE. The delivery charges are mentioned during the check out process before the final payment. There is no delivery charge for cart amount above AED 100. Anything below will be charged at AED 16 per delivery.
Additional fee or delivery time may be required for delivery to remote areas. Remote areas will be highlighted on the checkout page.
If I place an order today. When shall I expect my shipment?
Your delivery schedule depends on the merchandise and the time that you place your order. Go to the Order section under My Account or click on the order number in your Order Confirmation email to check on the status of your delivery.
What if I miss a delivery?
If you are not at home, our courier partner will call you to reschedule your delivery. Simply call our Customer Support team on +971 42984130, and we'll schedule another delivery date and time that suits you better.
Can I pick up my order from your warehouse/office?
Yes, you can pick the order from our office address. You need to call us or email us that you want to collect your order yourself. We shall assign a time for the pick up.
Do you deliver to free zones?
Our apologies, we do not deliver to free zones at the point of time.
Can I pay cash on delivery?
We have cash on delivery option for payment. Right now we are not charging extra for COD services but it is subject to change in future.
Returns Policy
We have a 7-day return policy, which means you have 7 days after receiving your item to request a return.
To be eligible for a return, your item must be in the same condition that you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. You'll also need the receipt or proof of purchase.
To start a return, you can contact us at email@example.com or chat with a customer service exec. If your return is accepted, we'll send you a return shipping label, as well as instructions on how and where to send your package. Items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted.
You can always contact us for any return question at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Damages and issues
Please inspect your order upon reception and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged or if you receive the wrong item, so that we can evaluate the issue and make it right.
Exceptions / non-returnable items
Certain types of items cannot be returned, like perishable goods (such as food, flowers, or plants), custom products (such as special orders or personalized items), and personal care goods (such as beauty products). We also do not accept returns for hazardous materials, flammable liquids, or gases. Please get in touch if you have questions or concerns about your specific item.
Unfortunately, we cannot accept returns on gift cards.
The fastest way to ensure you get what you want is to return the item you have, and once the return is accepted, make a separate purchase for the new item.
We will notify you once we've received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not. If approved, you'll be automatically refunded on your original payment method. Please remember it may take some time for your bank or credit card company to process and post the refund.
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- Same day dispatch if ordered before 2 PM.
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Please read more about our shipping policy in full here.
- 7 days easy return policy.
- Return pick up available in UAE.
- Quick refunds.
- Helpful staff to ensure easy return process.
- Please check our non returnable products here.
Please read about our return and refund policy here.


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YAKASMT (Yet another Kitchen Aid stand mixer thread)
Hello All!
I've been lurking for a while, and actually joined when I started my research on my upcoming KA stand mixer purchase... I have been wanting a KA ever since I started cooking/baking, and realized I would use one more than I ever thought possible when I worked for a catering company. We used our row of KAs as our extra hands, we could put together meat loaves, breads, puddings, gravies and all sorts of other stuff when we were feeding people by the hundreds. In my search and from the experience I've had, I know that I want a bowl-lift. Now here's where the questions come...
I was thinking that I would purchase a refurbished mixer. I have never had problems buying anything refurbished and I don't expect this to be different. I've worked in a few repair shops and can understand what the machines go through when they are rebuilt.
I was looking at getting the Pro 600, seeing how every once in a while it will hit 229 for an over stocked color, but I began digging around more and am wondering if the metal gear case has had as many issues as the plastic case had, or if I would be fine with the new metal design..
My alternative would be to go to the 7 quart, because supposedly there is a new design all together and it sounds like it would last. What I have not been able to find out is if the 7qt refurbished ones (assuming they are Williams-sonoma) are the same as the 7qt NSF refurbs or not? For the price that they are asking for these machines brand new, refurb is the only way I can afford to go.
Now, my usage isn't going to be a lot at first. I manage a pizzeria and work at a vacuum repair shop.. An odd combo I know. I am 25 years old and I love to cook, I love cooking for people. I want to get into bread making, but I don't like how my breadman ultimate kneads the dough. I also love making pizzas at home, and want to break down my 30+lb dough recipie that I make at work to something I can make at home and freeze portions of the dough. I also plan on using the KA as a meat grinder and pasta maker, but I'll have to get the attachments in time.
I know several people are going to say 'Get a Bosch or a DLX' but I do not want either right now. My Grandmother has a KA bowl lift (hobart, she used it daily to make bread) that was bought for her as an anniversary gift when she wasn't even married 10 years (Shes been married 50), my mother has tilt neck that she uses for quick breads that she bought when she remodeled her kitchen in her second house (post whirlpool takeover). I am set on having a KA Stand mixer. I do, however, see a DLX in my future as I get bread making under control.. I love the concept of that machine.
So, after the lengthy rant, is the new 7 qt machine's design worth the price, or is settling for a 6 qt machine with the new metal gear housing going to endure a long life of somewhat heavy usage and possible abuse?


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Low Deposit Terms
1.These terms and conditions should be read with the Booking Conditions and insurance information in our brochures or on our website. Especially note Sections 2, 4 and 7 of the Booking Conditions.
2. Offer applies only to bookings for 2018 which are booked before 31st March 2018.
3. The low deposit payable under this offer is £50.
4. Does not apply to properties that sleep 10 or more.
5. The difference between the £50 low deposit and the usual deposit shown in our main brochure or website is payable with the balance payment, which we must receive no later than 10 weeks before your booking starts, or at the time of cancellation if you cancel your booking. This payment will include all applicable charges as detailed on your booking confirmation, including any insurance premiums and any Ferry costs. If payment is not received in full on time, we can treat your booking as cancelled by you for a non-refundable reason. If this happens, you will be responsible for cancellation charges (as shown in our main brochure or our website) including any deferred Booking Fee, Personal Travel Insurance and Ferry crossings that you have chosen to buy, all of which must be paid immediately.
6. Not available with any other offer except offers featured in our main brochure.
7. Depending on popularity and property availability, this offer may be extended or withdrawn.


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Regular activities by day of the week - please check entry for next date.
If you can't find an activity, also try Local organisations
Adding your activity
3 results found
Church Hall, St Andrews Methodist Church, Bradford Road, Littletown, Liversedge, WF15 6EF
Roberttown Community Centre, Church Road, Roberttown, Liversedge, WF15 7LS
Events and activities are normally added through an organisation's account. It is usually the group running the event although this isn't crucial.
If your organisation is on Community Directory and you don't have the login you can either:
Listings are free, and events should take place in Kirklees, or towns and villages within a mile of the boundary.
Events appear in Community Directory and on Kirklees Council's events page. Also they should feature for short periods on the Council's home page.
Activities appear in the Things to Do section of Community Directory.
Events are essentially 'one-off' items (e.g. concerts, plays, sales, talks, walks). Activities are regular meetings, usually weekly or monthly, and exhibitions of more than a few days.
If your group is already on Community Directory the login holder is likely to be the main contact shown for the group.
If he or she can't remember it there is a forgotten login facility on the login page and this should work through the main contact's email.
If it doesn't work, or if the main contact has left the group, please contact us on firstname.lastname@example.com Please mention the name of the organisation you'd like to edit, and your connection to this organisation.


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You are here: Desborough Study > Surname > Barnett
Desborough People
Surname: Barnett
This page lists people surnamed Barnett who were born, married, lived or died in Desborough. Ancestors of those born in Desborough are traced back as far as possible. Other family members are included where it helps clarify relationships. Click on a highlighted name for a descendant tree.
Christian names are usually standardised to modern spellings. Surnames are as given in the source. Names prefixed by * are temporary records used where it is not yet possible to identify the correct individual of the same name.
Birth dates with a ? are estimated as 16-18 years before a marriage or the birth of the first child. Death dates with a ? show the date of death/burial of their spouse who died after they had been widowed. Very early dates with a ? have been derived from other parish record information. In all these cases the actual date may prove to be much earlier.
To see all woman with a particular forename either born into or married into this surname, type the first name in the box then click the Submit button:
To help distinguish between different people of the same name, born close together, type the first name in the box then click the Show Me button. This will display age, condition and occupation from different records.
Name | Dates | Place | Father | Mother | Spouse (death) |
Thomas Barnett | 1716 - 1776 | Westmin |