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Rhetorical Shifts in Author/Audience Roles on the World-Wide Web
Audience analysis figures prominently in Technical Communications curricula because the focus of technical communication is to take complex technical information and create materials that can help readers use, learn, repair, or build equipment or systems (Alred et al. 2). In order to help readers perform these specialized tasks, we must be intimately familiar with their real and anticipated needs, expectations, and limitations. Many different models of the author/audience relationship have been proposed to aid in this analysis. These models have worked well (depending on what school of thought one subscribed to) when the main delivery system consisted of print media.
As might be expected, these models have evolved over time in response to various literary movements and changes in technology. Despite different schools of thought on audience/author models— humanistic, empirical, audience-invoked, audience addressed, and others—a certain stability has prevailed; one could apply most of these models and feel assured of some modicum of success.
However, the popularization of second-generation Web browsers in 1993 introduced a delivery medium that did not fit neatly into any previous theoretical framework. What threw the monkey wrench into what up until then had been a fairly smooth-running machine? In two words: interactivity and reciprocity. The interactivity (person-to-machine interaction) and reciprocity (person-to-person interaction), both asynchronous and synchronous, of the Web—as opposed to the static, asynchronous nature of the print medium—cast author/audience roles in a completely new light and engendered a new whole new set of considerations.
Adding to this confusion of "business not as usual," the Web's growth since its inception has been exponential. Although no longer in its nascent phase, the Web is nowhere near maturity. The Web is like a gangly, awkward teenager who has grown too quickly; showing off his burgeoning muscle and power only to have his voice crack suddenly and remind us that his growing is far from over.
To understand the nature of this chaotic environment and what implications it may have for technical communicators, we need to understand how the Web is changing our economic, political, and social infrastructure. The historical materialism Friedrich Engels talked of during the 19th century is a means by which we can look at the changes these infrastructures are undergoing. Engels believed that
The materialist conception of history starts from the proposition that the production of the means to support human life and next to production, the exchange of things produced is the basis of all social structure; that in every society that has appeared in history, the manner in which wealth is distributed and society divided into classes or orders is dependent upon what is produced, how it is produced, and how the products are exchanged. From this point of view the final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are to be sought not in men's brains, not in man's better insight into eternal truth and justice, but in changes in the modes of production and exchange (Engels in Kilcullen paragraph 17). What else does the history of ideas prove than that intellectual production changes its character in proportion as material production is changed? (Engels in Kilcullen paragraph 20, italics mine).
If we apply Engel's last statement to our own era, we can see that the manufacturing-based economy of the early 20th century has rapidly given way to an information-based economy that has changed not only our ways of doing business but even the ways human beings relate to each other. Unlike material goods, information is volatile, fluid, ephemeral, and unbound by geographic, time, or material constraints. The result is a socioeconomic environment that is chaotic, ever changing, and unpredictable. How do we, as technical communicators, attempt to understand and maneuver in this kind of environment where boundaries are no longer clearly defined, technology drives change, and no one is in charge?
Jonathan Price suggests that applying complexity theory to what is happening with the Web can help us understand, cope, and respond to the dramatic changes occurring in our environment. This theory has been developed by pioneers in the fields of economics, biology, neurosurgery, anthropology, and artificial life to deal with situations that are too complex to explain by earlier principles (17). He says that we are now operating in an environment of increasing returns, and explains that
Traditional economics postulates a steady state of equilibrium. Based on observations of an 1880s economy based primarily on bulk production, the law of diminishing returns argued that any company that won an advantage in the market place would eventually bump into some kind of limitation. so that prices and market shares would settle into equilibrium. But in a knowledge-based economy, Arthur argues, you have more pockets in which the underlying mechanism follows the laws on increasing returns. Increasing returns are the tendency for that which is ahead to get farther ahead. Increasing returns generate not equilibrium but instability (20, italics mine).
Given that the Web is in this period of increasing returns (with no seeming limit in sight), the almost-warp speed of technological change, the pervasiveness of our information-based economy, and the blurring of lines between different discourse communities—how then are technical writers to define and address target audiences that are constantly shifting and redefining themselves?
This paper reviews some popular author/audience models that were prevalent before the Web and several new ones that have been proposed recently. In between these models are several that are in the pre-Web timeframe, but that may have applicability to electronic as well as print-based delivery systems. These models will be analyzed in the context of Jonathan Price's description of complexity theory and whether they are relevant in today's rapidly changing technological world.
Traditional Pre-Web Models of Author/Roles
Walter Ong and Walker Gibson are primarily concerned with the author/reader role in communication. Ong believes that both the writer and the audience fictionalize their roles and that authors learn how to fictionalize the audience by the examples of previous writers (11). If the writer is successful he not only projects his audience; he can shape it.
Gibson's theory, however, is slightly more involved. Gibson's author consists of the author who writes the work and the implied author who creates the role for the reader; his reader consists of the actual flesh-and-blood reader with his or her own set of values and experiences, and the mock reader who assumes the role the speaker has offered (Gibson 1-2). His emphasis is on the speaker and the mock reader between whom the discourse occurs. Both are roles the author and real reader have assumed.
Both Ong and Gibson share the concept of a fictionalized or "mock reader," an assumed role the author is speaking to and both primarily deal with the players rather than the process of communication. Ong further believes that authors fictionalize their readers from past precedents other writers have used to fictionalize their readers, and so on back to the beginning of human communication.
In fairness to Ong and Gibson, their models were introduced decades ago, long before the Web came into being. At first, it would appear that the transferability of the Ong/Gibson models to the Web would not be too difficult. After all, Web pages need writers to create them and an audience to read them.
In those cases where web sites are focused on one type of audience the use of Ong's or Gibson's models may very well be appropriate. The concept of remediation proposed by Jay D. Bolter and Richard Grusin suggests a modern kind of ekphrasis where one medium is represented by another medium (45). The online novels by popular authors such as Stephen King have lent themselves well to this kind of transfer from printed to digital mediums. The genre and audience translate well and the new medium is relatively transparent to the reader.
However, the Ong/Gibson assumptions are that there is a one-to-one relationship between the author and the reader. In the world of the Web this relationship is better represented as many-to-many. Many web sites are now created by teams that may include technical writers, graphic artists, sales and marketing staff, system administrators, and others. Each of these "real" people come with their own preconceived schemata for the web site, their own expectations, and their own rhetorical agendas. This is no longer a work created by one author, but a "design by committee."
The audiences too, are "real" people with specific demographic backgrounds and perhaps widely differing expectations of what they, as implied readers, wish to get out of the web site. For example, who would be the implied reader in a pharmaceutical web site that is visited by a mother who wants information about the drug she is giving her sick child, the physician who wants the latest updates on a new drug, the high school student who is writing a paper on drug interactions, or the hypochondriac who anxiously wants reassurance that the medication she is taking is not going to make her die? Each of these users comes with different educational levels and backgrounds, and differing cognitive and affective schemata. The rhetorical devices one would use for one of these population segments might be entirely different for the other populations. Can we use the Ong/Gibson models to analyze audiences on the Web? Each of their models assumes a "reader" (singular), not "readers" with a plurality of needs and interests. It is difficult to identify who the "implied reader" is in the multidimensional audiences of web sites.
Nontraditional Traditional Pre-Web Models of Author/Roles
Writer Awareness of Audience Complexity
Charlotte Thralls et al subscribe to the older traditional models of Gibson and Ong in their research but examine whether writers are actually aware of the difference between real and implied readers during the process of composition They cite Ede and Lunsford's model that "addressed (or real) readers are accommodated in composing choices and that invoked (or implied) readers are invited to participate in textual roles" (Ede and Lunsford in Thralls et al 50).
In their studies, they used Ede and Lunsford's differentiation between accommodation and invitation to point out their subjects' identification of readers as either real or implied (italics mine). A writer's accommodation to exophoric (or external) elements to the text, suggested he or she was envisioning a real reader (50). A focus on the endophoric (or internal aspects of text, i.e., the text itself) suggested he or she was envisioning an implied reader. Citing Roth's discovery that writers' concepts of audience evolve during composing (Roth in Thralls et. al 53), Thralls et al. hypothesized that writers may not only engage in a sequential representation of audience, alternating between real and implied roles, but they may even hold these images of audience simultaneously (55). The essence of their findings is that the interplay of real versus implied audiences in the composing process is more complex than previously thought.
The complexity of this interplay is especially important when we consider the enormous breadth of audiences on the Web and the variety of ways these audiences use the information that is presented to them. The ability to discern whether a site should address real or implied readers, or both, is a skill that technical writers involved with the Web should consider acquiring and refining.
The Authorless-Function
Although Michel Foucault is a well-known author, his concept of the author role seems to be in a space of its own, concentrating exclusively on defining authors rather than the author/reader role or the interaction between these roles. Foucault believes in an "author-function," rather than the author as an individual. He claims it is "just as wrong to equate the author with the real writer as it is to equate him with the fictitious speaker. The author-function is carried out and operates in the distance in between these two roles (Foucault 7). This author-function is complex, existing in some instances and not existing at all in others. He cites as an example the private letter that has a signer but no author, and the contract that has a guarantor but no author.
There is some similarity between Foucault's alter ego and Gibson's speaker as a person quite separate from the real author. However, Foucault is not concerned with these roles so much as he is with what happens in the space between these roles; he builds on Gibson's implied author in his concept of the author-function (Foucault 7). More precisely, his author-function focuses on the action or delivery mechanism between authors and readers rather than the roles each assume. He argues that the author as an individual does not even exist in those cases where one is trying to attribute authorship to "works" that extend beyond the easily defined boundaries of books to encompass concepts, ideas, and even whole disciplines.
Foucault's author-function is illustrative of the phenomena that sometimes the most abstract concepts with no seeming relation to anything in the real world merge serendipitously with unexpected technological change to suddenly become highly relevant. It is clear that authors' roles are not as narrowly defined on the Web as they are in the print medium. As an example, the roles of author and reader have become blurred in MOOs (Multiple User Domains Object-Oriented). Who is the author in this kind of environment? Is it the system designer who creates the environment and sets up the rules by which the players interact? Or is it the players (readers) who create their own virtual world and determine the roles they will play? It appears the author-function is assumed sometimes by designers and sometimes by users. Current technology has already brought us to the point Foucault saw long before the Web came into popular vogue. Whether he had the prescience to know his model would someday be so relevant is hard to say, but it is clear that the Web has changed not only the roles of the actors and how they interact with each other, but the act of communication itself.
This fluid exchange of author/audience roles can be also be seen on Web portals where the emphasis is on "customization," allowing the user to assume a "role" of his or her own choosing. In some cases, it does not end there with the assumption of a role. Much of the interaction between a reader (user) is dynamic and happens on the fly; in other words, the user enters a Web environment, makes some choices, perhaps enters some information, and gets a "system generated" response. The dialog appears to be between machine and man or code and user. Who is the author in this situation? Is it the programmer who designed the code for the system or is it the "system" that generates responses based on user input? Could it be that the programmer is the author and the "system" is an author-intermediary?
And what of those sites that have multiple contributors where we cannot attribute their authorship to any one person? Web sites like CNN or those of major corporations offer a good example of this type of author-function in which the synergistic efforts of many contribute to the creation of the site.
Foucault says "What difference does it make who is speaking?" (Foucault 12). In the environment described above, it probably does not matter at all. As Web technology becomes more sophisticated and dynamic interactivity more common, Foucault's author-function role could, depending on the situation, be assigned to users, system designers, or even the system itself.
Given that so much of the Web now seems geared toward the Foucaultian rhetoric of function and processes, is there a place for the type of author/reader analysis Thralls et. al advocate? That question will be answered in the next section.
Contemporary Author/Reader Models for the Web
Designing Online Personas
As Mary B. Coney said (1987), the definitions and boundaries of audience have shifted considerably since the classical period. She further states that the central question for modern rhetoricians, given the diversity of today's attitudes and conditions is, "how can we think about readers as we write to them, or, to put it another way, how can we define our multiple readers to make modern discourse possible?" (Coney 319). Those views were expressed before the Web came into being. However, like Foucault, they were predictive of the seismic shifts the Web would cause in our long-held traditional views of the author/reader relationship.
In 2000 Coney and Michael Steehouder argued that Web authors and users communicate through personas and that the success of the site depends on how well these personas fulfill each other's needs (paragraph 15). By then the nomenclature for "reader" had shifted to that of "user," reflecting the shift in role from recipient to active participant in the rhetorical process. Coney and Steehouder agree with Alan Cooper who in The Inmates are Running the Asylum (1991), argues that "designers should focus their energies on one single, well-realized person—a persona—and forego the useless task of trying to please an aggregate of actual users" (Cooper in Coney and Steehouder paragraph 4). Their definition of user persona includes all roles assumed by users and includes both real users and those from implied users site participants create for themselves (paragraph 14, italics mine). This definition applies equally to authors who can become whatever role the site requires.
The traditional concepts of real vs. implied readers and authors is adapted and extended for the Web by Coney and Steehouder to include the following:
- real visitor who visits the Web site.
- The target visitor from whom the Web site is designed for.
- The user persona, the role that is "created" in the Web site.
- The Web site owner who owns and pays for the site.
- The designer (the person, team, or company) who makes the decisions about the design and content of the site.
- The author persona, the person or voice that speaks to the user persona (paragraph 16, italics mine).
The user persona can be identifiable or anonymous. For example, a personal home page may have the author's name listed, whereas with a corporate home page it is understood that there is no "real author." The author persona for the corporation is anonymous and suggestive of Foucault's author-function.
Coney and Steehouder emphasize that Web designers "should become as rhetorically sophisticated as they are technically adept, to understand the power and potential of role playing as a major component of good design (paragraph 23). Although they present an outline of some guidelines in designing author and user personas and their relationships, they do not suggest how technical communicators should acquire this "rhetorical sophistication." Thralls et al. recognized in 1988 years ago that author/reader roles could not fully explain the "disparity some writers experience between attitudes they know their readers to hold and the persona they wish to construct and equate with the attitudes of their readers" (63). As discussed earlier in this article, their studies suggested that many writers are not aware of all the complexities in the distinction between real and implied readers; further empirical research is needed to augment our understanding in this area. This understanding is especially critical in the Web environment where the roles of users and authors have taken on added dimensions and functions that Walker and Gibson could not have foreseen.
Ethos, Audiences, and Community on the Web
Kevin Hunt believes that "the usefulness and increasing popularity of the Web is based on how well individuals and organizations use the technology as a means of establishing on online presence—an ethos—that conveys the sorts of values they hold in common with the Web navigators they wish to attract to the site" (paragraph 3). By ethos, he means the characteristic attitudes, habits, and beliefs of an individual or group. With print-based documents, technical writers are already familiar with establishing a professional ethos that imparts a sense of unity, coherence, and credibility (paragraph 3). The Web provides not only information to users, but a means of finding and creating connections (paragraph 15). This sense of building community, especially within special interest groups, is central to Hunt's thesis. Hunt suggests that Web designers should "consider using the Web to set up a directory of clients that use the organization's products or services as a means of facilitating communication between the community of clients" (paragraph 25). This information may not be directly related to the product or service provided by the organization, but it encourages connections among audiences who share common interests.
Fortunately, Hunt says that his rhetorical approach is not definitive and that it can be integrated with other methodologies. It is certainly true that the Web has made possible an almost unlimited wealth of communication possibilities with millions of interconnected communities—what Hunt calls "electronic tribes." However, many users don't care about being part of a special-interest community. They visit web sites for information, or entertainment, or even just to "surf." Hunt's ideas of addressing the community ethos of special interest groups has much value, though, for those groups whose basis for existence depends on those communal relationships. Paradoxically, the Web has created a kind of global community while encouraging the formation of localized, special-interest groups. Hunt's theory is useful framework for technical communicators to consider when they address those audience communities with the need for a rhetorical "gathering place" with specific values and characteristics (paragraph 10).
Computers as Author-Agents
In describing future human-computer interactions, Muriel Zimmerman talks about "affective computing" where computers with emotional intelligence will be able to figure out what users need and want (paragraph 14, and "remembrance agents" where applications will be able to monitor a user's actions and make suggestions relevant to the user's current situation (paragraph 19). She says that
Computers will be easier to use and do more for us. Smart software agents residing in computers will write their own documentation, telling a highly customized story based on knowledge of user moods, learning styles, and past practices―perhaps gathering some of this information through new interfaces such as an "emoticon mouse" that detects a user's state of mind (paragraph 1).
Her predictions mesh well with Foucault's author-function where the computer and its interfaces now take over the role of an author. There is still an agent doing the communicating; it just is not human. Some of these agents have already been incorporated into widely used products such as Microsoft Office where the animated "Clippie" (or some other agent the user chooses) "looks" over the user's shoulder, anticipates what they need, and makes suggestions (paragraph 17). This type of interface will eventually become so intuitive that the user interface will be invisible to the user (Bell and Gray in Zimmerman paragraph 6). This seamless integration of the medium with the user's experience distinctly echoes what Bolter and Grusin say about the evolving transparency of digital media: that "a transparent interface would be one that erases itself, so that the user is no longer aware of confronting a medium, but instead stands in an immediate relationship to the contents of that medium. (23-24)
Zimmerman believes technical writers will function in new roles; we may still be called technical communicators but what we do five years hence will not resemble what we do now. Technical writers will probably be more involved in interaction design—a process that begins with a thorough analysis of users and what they want to accomplish (Cooper in Zimmerman paragraph 21).
Is There a "Right" Author/Audience Model for the Web?
In today's world we are no longer dealing simply with a passive reader; as technical communicators we are confronted with users who are "empowered," users who determine the rhetorical mechanisms they prefer, and users who can create and customize their own meaning in a cyber landscape whose roadmaps are constantly fluctuating.
No one can predict what directions or forms the Web will take even five years from now; however, considering its importance in our lives, we need to ask and then respond to several questions. Are we experiencing a Kuhnian paradigm shift in the way we communicate with our audiences? Are we at a point in technical communication where we should simply discard the traditional author/audience concepts or can we adapt or redefine them for new technologies and new media?
The first order of business should be to assess the environment we find ourselves in now. Returning to Jonathan Price's suggested application of complexity theory to the current state of technical communication, we can begin with the understanding that we must increasingly cope with "situations that are too complex to explain by earlier principles" (17). In his description of the Web as a complex, adaptive system he says:
- The growth of the Web, and any one information site, seems to have a life of its own, as the Web seems to be organizing itself, veering now in one direction, now another, without following discernible principles, more like a crowd in motion than a rational law-abiding individual.
- The Web cannot be said to be run by anyone; individual agents interact, and the Web is the result.
- The system changes by reorganizing and revising its building blocks in response to inputs from millions of agents (18).
Once we have the understanding of this environment which is, as Price puts, "near the edge of chaos (25)," we must consider how we are going to address the author/audience issue. Coney and Steehouder state that in "contemporary rhetoric, situation is all, and universal solutions are always suspect" (paragraph 24). So far, no one has invented a unilateral "right way" to approach audience analysis—especially with the Web. Rob Houser, in his comparison of rhetorical theories and their treatment of audience, states that
All of these rhetorical theories are significant because they inform the way technical communicators approach audience—whether we see audience as real or imagined, whether we see the writer as communicating a message or the audience and writer creating a message together, whether we start to create a text with considerations of style or investigations of audience. Technical communicators have synthesized these various approaches to writing and borrowed from other fields to build a new body of theories and practices (157).
Technical communicators, he says, often move back and forth between these various approaches to audience.
If we accept Hunt's view, what questions should technical communicators be asking in choosing the most appropriate author/audience approach given this "smorgasbord" of theories—some traditional, some newly devised for the Web? How are we to cope in an environment where expectations and technology can change overnight? How also should we best leverage our existing skills and at the same time accommodate new demands that require skill sets we don't yet have? And finally, how do we ensure that our audiences get what they need from us?
We should continually ask these questions as we refine and expand the theoretical frameworks of existing author/audience models and formulate new ones in response to changing demands. Technical Communications curricula should perhaps begin incorporating some of the more recent models proposed by authors such Coney and Steehouder, Zimmerman, and Hunt while not neglecting the older, traditional models that may still have some relevance to current discourse.
It may appear from authors such as Foucault and Zimmerman that technical communicators will one day be entirely supplanted by computers who assume the role of author-agents, but this is not likely. As Zimmerman says
Technical communicators will have responsibility for how users will experience all information about a product from pre-sales deliverables, to integrated user assistance such as online tutorials, to hardcopy support. They will take the largest view, identifying where user assistance is needed and how best to deliver it, ensuring cohesive presentation. As designers of the user experience, technical communicators will be creating intellectual property rather than just documenting it." (paragraph 22).
Far from relegating our profession into obsolescence, the Web will provide us with new opportunities, not only as creators, but as integrators and facilitators of digital media delivery systems. We may not wear the old traditional hat of "author" in our new digital expeditions, but we will wear a new hybridized form that takes the old, blends it with the new, and becomes something entirely different that can adapt quickly and effectively to our constantly changing technological climate. The shape of this hat is not clear now, but it promises to be an interesting and engaging one.
Works Cited
Alred, Gerald J., Walter E. Oliu, and Charles T. Brusaw. The Professional Writer: A Guide for advanced Technical Writing. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.
Bolter, Jay David and Richard Grusin. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999.
Coney, Mary B. "Contemporary Views of Audience: A Rhetorical Perspective." Technical Writing Teacher XIV (1987): 319-336.
Coney, Mary B. and Michael Steehouder. "Role Playing on the Web: Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Personas Online." Technical Communication 47.3 (August 2000) <http: proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Ex…mRJdu06Hr%2fgipNf%2fgXJ1DwwU8nDCFxdMel2z>.
Foucault, Michel. "What is an Author?" Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism. Ed. Josué V. Harari. New York: Cornell University Press, 1979.
Gibson, Walker. "Authors, Speakers, Readers, and Mock Readers." Reader-Response Criticism from Formalism to Post-Structuralism. Ed. Jane P. Tompkins. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1950.
Houser, Rob. What is the Value of Audience to Technical Communicators?: A Survey of Audience Research. International Professional Communication Conference '97 Proceedings: Crossroads in Communication, 1997.
Hunt, Kevin. "Establishing a Presence on the World Wide Web: A Rhetorical Approach." Technical Communication 47.4 (November 1996) <http://proquest.umi.com/pdqlink?Ver=1&Ex…mRJdu06H%2fgipNf%2fgXJ1DwwU8snVnujkfBFB>
Kilcullen, R.J. "Historical Materialism." 1996. POL264 Modern Political Theory, Macquarie University <http:www.humanities.mq.edu.au/politics/y64108.html>.
Ong, Walter J. "The Writer's Audience is Always a Fiction." Modern Language Association. 90 (1975): 9-21.
Price, Jonathan. Using Complexity Theory to Understand What's Happening to Technical Communication. International Professional Communication Conference '97 Proceedings: Crossroads in Communication, 1997.
Thralls, Charlotte, Nancy Roundy Blyler, and Helen Rothschild Ewald. "Real Readers, Implied Readers, and Professional Writers: Suggested Research." The Journal of Business Communication. 25.2 (Spring 1988): 47-65.
Zimmerman, Muriel. "Technical Communication in an Altered Technology Landscape: What Might Be." Technical Communication 48.2 (May 2001): 200-205.


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subset: commoncrawl


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The California drought is causing increased prices for certain products.
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Pumpkins have deep roots, so they were able to withstand the state's summer drought.


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Follow UTEP Men's Golf on Twitter E-Mail Coach Lieberwirth
Scott Lieberwirth, who led NM State to six conference championships and six NCAA Regional appearances in eight years as head coach, is now charged with returning the UTEP golf program to past glories.
Lieberwirth, who is in his fifth year at the helm, has helped the Miners come a perennial contender in Conference USA.
In 2015, Lieberwirth was the headpiece in a monumental change for Conference USA. Lieberwirth pushed for a similar format in the conference tournament that is used in the NCAA tournament. With the support of other league coaches, Lieberwirth helped make Conference USA become the first conference to adopt a match-play format to conclude its conference tournament. C-USA was the only conference in America in 2015 to have match play incorporated in its conference tournament.
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The Miners played their best golf at the end of the season, firing a season-low 865 at the Jim West Intercollegiate in early April to tie for third place. It marked UTEP's best team score in three years.
A five-time Western Athletic Conference Coach of the Year, Lieberwirth directed the Aggies to league titles in 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
Under Lieberwirth's guidance, NM State won 14 tournaments, had 20 All-Conference selections and the conference player of the year in 2006 (Matt Edwards), 2009 (Travis Reid) and 2010 (Tim Madigan).
Lieberwirth began his coaching career as a volunteer assistant at NMSU in the fall of 2003. He was a self-employed professional golfer from 2000-03, firing a course record 61 (11 under par) at the Hooters Tour event in Kendallville, Ind.
The Carlsbad, N.M. native was a four-year letterman at NMSU from 1996-2000. The 1999 Big West conference champion and 2000 Big West Conference MVP, he also participated in the 2000 NCAA West Regional as an individual. He won two titles and finished in the top-10 at 11 tournaments during his college career. He graduated with honors, receiving his bachelor's degree in Business Administration (Marketing).
Lieberwirth was a Golf Coaches Association of America (GCAA) Academic All-American.
Before attending NMSU, he played at Carlsbad High School, leading the Cavemen to the state championship in 1996. He won 15 tournaments at Carlsbad High and was named All-State on four occasions.
Lieberwirth and his wife, Heather, have a four-year old daughter, Rylie.
Scott Lieberwirth
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text:
by Garrett Hawkins
A thriving agricultural economy benefits all Americans, giving everyone an interest in having Congress pass – and President Obama sign – a new five-year farm bill before the current law expires at the end of September.
Agriculture contributes $100 billion to America's economy each year, and the food and agriculture sector accounts for approximately 20 percent of our country's economic activity. Agriculture is a driver of America's economy, and failure to pass a farm bill threatens an activity that touches literally every American. Congress must stop foot-dragging and gridlock on the farm bill. The farm bill helps farmers and ranchers deal with the risks that threaten their ability to produce the food, fiber and fuel we all need.
Farm Bureau members support a farm bill that encourages farmers to follow market signals, strengthens the federal crop insurance program, offers a choice of program options and ensures equity across commodities. Bills pending in Congress have these prerequisites and save billions of dollars.
As Congress continues to debate the 2013 farm bill against a backdrop of reduced government spending, Farm Bureau places a high priority on ensuring the farm bill benefits all agricultural commodity sectors, including row crop, fruit and vegetable, dairy and other areas. The new farm bill should balance all of these interests. Farm Bureau's Bring the Heat campaign illustrated these points to lawmakers while they were home during the August congressional break.
Congress has tough issues to tackle, but passing a new farm bill does not have to be one of them. For all Americans, it is time for lawmakers to come together and finish the job.
Garrett Hawkins, of Jefferson City is director of national legislative programs for the Missouri Farm Bureau, the state's largest farm organization.


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A campaign deposit of $300,000 Tuesday by the Virginia-based American Chemistry Council brings to more than $1 million the group's contributions so far to the campaign to defeat Seattle's disposable bag-fee ordinance.
A group representing the nation's largest plastic producers has pumped $300,000 more into the campaign to defeat Seattle's 20-cent shopping-bag fee — and says it will add another $300,000 by the end of this week.
Tuesday's campaign deposit by the Virginia-based American Chemistry Council, whose members include ExxonMobil and Dow Chemical, follows a donation over the weekend of $500,000, and an earlier startup contribution of about half that amount, bringing the group's total donation to the campaign so far to more than $1 million.
"Truthfully, it takes money to get the facts out on this measure," said Adam Parmer, spokesman for the Coalition to Stop the Grocery Bag Tax. "We have to get the message in the hands of as many voters as we can."
The Seattle City Council passed an ordinance last year requiring supermarkets, drugstores and convenience stores to charge a 20-cent fee on disposable plastic and paper bags, the goal being to phase them out and reduce damage to the environment.
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- Five things to watch as Seahawks begin OTAs Monday
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- What the national media are saying about Robinson Cano and the Mariners' hot start to the season
Most Read Stories
Citizens Against the Grocery Bag Tax collected enough signatures to let voters decide whether the ordinance should go into effect, and the group's Referendum 1 will appear on the Aug. 18 primary ballot.
Parmer said the money will be used for radio and direct-mail promotions to help dispel some of the myths in a battle some have characterized as Big Plastic versus the environment.
Meanwhile, the grass-roots pro-bag-fee group, the Seattle Green Bag campaign, so far has raised only about $64,000. Spokesman Rob Gala on Wednesday said even the $500,000 contribution to the opposition was overkill. And with money still pouring in, "they must know something that we don't."
"We take this as a very good sign that they've got some polling that is making them deathly afraid of Aug. 18," Gala said.
He said the cash infusions to the other side's campaign won't change his group's overall strategy or approach, which is mainly to focus on direct mail and literature drops.
Radio spots already being aired by the anti-bag-fee campaign feature a family bemoaning the financial burden of the fees, which that side says will end up costing Seattle residents $15 million a year.
The Green Bag campaign counters by saying the bag fee doesn't have to cost shoppers anything — that consumers can avoid paying it by bringing their own totes or recycled bags into stores.
Lornet Turnbull: 206-464-2420 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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SUBGEAR regulators incorporate expert engineering, high quality components and innovative design for reliable and safe diving. Manufactured in Europe for exceptional quality and breathing performance, our regulators offer a 30-year limited original owner's warranty.


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Stories about the Brown-Warren Senate election in 2012.
GOP Should Reject Inappropriate 'People's Pledge'February 25, 2013
Dear John, Don't Go: An Open Letter To Sen. KerryDecember 18, 2012
Four Women, Four Votes: A Snapshot Of Election DayNovember 14, 2012
A Note To The GOP From Romney's Predecessor: Wake UpNovember 09, 2012
Why I Am Voting For Scott BrownNovember 05, 2012
Why I Am Voting For Elizabeth WarrenNovember 05, 2012
Overview: Epic Mass. Senate Battle Races To Election DayNovember 03, 2012
Brown, Warren Battle For The Union VoteNovember 02, 2012
U.S. Senate Hopefuls On A Last-Minute Voter PushNovember 02, 2012
In Campaign's Final Days, Brown Stresses 'People Over Party'November 02, 2012
Sen. Scott Brown's message in the final days of the campaign: "People over party."
Warren Urges Supporters: 'Make This Happen'November 02, 2012
The campaign is in its final days. It's time to rally supporters.
What If Scott Brown Loses?November 01, 2012
Groups Pour $5.6M Into Mass. U.S. Senate Race So FarOctober 31, 2012
The money is going toward mailings, door-to-door canvassing, bumper stickers, signs, salary and automated phone calls.
Spouses Pick Up The Pace On U.S. Senate TrailOctober 31, 2012
Poll: Warren Holds Edge In U.S. Senate RaceOctober 30, 2012
The new poll shows Warren favored by 53 percent of likely voters, compared with 46 percent for Brown.
Organizers Cancel 4th Mass. U.S. Senate DebateOctober 30, 2012
Sandy Affects U.S. Senate Race's Final DaysOctober 30, 2012
A new poll shows the race between Republican U.S. Sen. Scott Brown and Democrat Elizabeth Warren is essentially a dead heat.
Sandy Forces Delay To Last Senate DebateOctober 29, 2012
Sandy is throwing a wrench into the fourth and final debate of the U.S. Senate campaign in Massachusetts.
Poll: Mass. Senate Race Remains Virtual Dead HeatOctober 29, 2012
Sen. Scott Brown and Elizabeth Warren both received the support of 47 percent of those polled.
Scott Brown's In Trouble And Knows ItOctober 29, 2012
Little Attention Paid To Climate Change In Brown-Warren RaceOctober 29, 2012
Warren, Brown Woo Women Voters In Senate RaceOctober 26, 2012
TV Ad War — Brown Vs. WarrenOctober 25, 2012
Our analyst says the TV ad war between the Senate candidates tells the tale of how the race evolved.
'Obama Supporters For Brown' Work To Court Black VoteOctober 25, 2012
With less than two weeks before Election Day, Sen. Brown's campaign is using new tactics to try and court Boston's minority voters.
Richard Mourdock, a Republican Senate candidate from Indiana, said that he believes when a woman becomes pregnant during a rape, "that's something God intended."


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16 Ways to Lose Weight Fast
From Zumba to yoga to ditching junk food, these simple lifestyle changes will help you lose 10, 30, even 50 pounds!
Skip the salty aisle
"I reached my goal weight after I stopped routinely buying snacks at the grocery store. If I wanted a bag of chips or a candy bar, I had to walk to the store to get it. That inconvenience usually made me ignore my cravings." —Heather Del Baso, Worcester, MA
Get the latest health, fitness, anti-aging, and nutrition news, plus special offers, insights and updates from Health.com!


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I am looking for suggestions for an anthology to use in teaching Feminist Practical Ethics next semester. I have in mind beginning the course with an introduction to feminist methodologies, followed by addressing various ethical issues from a Feminist perspective. I am looking for an anthology that addresses some of the more recent issues in Feminism (including, but by no means limited to) transgender issues, women in the military, reproductive issues, the family, and disability issues. I would prefer to address these from a global perspective. I appreciate any suggestions you may have regarding an anthology. Thank you.
Reader Query: Anthology for Feminist Practical Ethics September 25, 2012
One Response to "Reader Query: Anthology for Feminist Practical Ethics"
You might look at "Feminist Ethics & Social Policy," ed. by Patrice DiQuinzio and Iris Marion Young—it includes pieces on almost every issue you mention


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Skip Navigation Links
RSS Matters
Link to the last RSS article here: SPSS 12.0. -- Ed.
Resolving A Case of An Expired SAS 8.2 Installation
By Patrick McLeod, Research and Statistical Support Services Consultant
UNTs SAS 8.2 license passed another expiration date on Sunday, February 1st. Functionally, this means that if you were running SAS 8.2 on your computer as an individual installation and had been ignoring the pestering SAS system messages asking you to update your SETINIT file, SAS 8.2 will not open and will not function on your computer. Never fear! There is a simple procedure by which you can update your SAS 8.2 SETINIT file and be up and running in no time.
Before Expiration: PROC SETINIT
Before the grace period expires in SAS 8.2, you can update your SAS installations SETINIT file using the SAS procedure PROC SETINIT. To run PROC SETINIT, you obtain a copy of the most recent SAS SETINIT file (a file that updates the internal license object for SAS) from your Network Manager. If you are a Network Manager, you can obtain this file by contacting ACS Research and Statistical Support at x2140 or x4066. We will provide you with a username and password to access a page on the RSS website where you will find the current version of the SAS SETINIT file. You may then access this file at your convenience.
A step-by-step guide follows regarding how to update your SAS license using PROC SETINIT:
Where you see strings of Xs in the above SETINIT program you will see a specific site number, expiration date, and password in a functioning SETINIT file. I have removed the specifics in the file about for purposes of publishing this example in this article.
After Expiration: Command Line SETINIT Renewal
After the grace period expires in SAS 8.2, SAS will no longer open when you attempt to access it either through shortcuts or from the Start menu. If your SAS installation has passed this date, you will no longer be able to update your SAS license using the PROC SETINIT procedure detailed above. The only option for the SAS user faced with this predicament is to update the SAS SETINIT from the command prompt.
Though it involves some non-SAS steps, this renewal need not be complicated. All that is needed is a command prompt in your Windows operating system and copy of the SAS SETINIT file, preferably on floppy disk. The procedure detailed below assumes that all necessary files are on a floppy disk and that your computers floppy disk drive is A:\.
This should successfully update your SAS installation if your grace period has expired.
Contact Us!
If there are any problems with this procedure, please contact Research and Statistical Support at x2140 or x4066.
Please contact Research and Statistical Support for the Website address, username, and password in order to access the most current version of the SETINIT file and the files necessary to run the command line update once the SAS grace period has expired. Happy computing!
For More Information
Applying the SAS System SETINIT in the Microsoft Windows Environment (in PDF format): http://support.sas.com/documentation/installcenter/admindoc/setinit/WIN612.1.pdf


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November 8, 2013 11:00 AM
Mary Ann Travis
Justin Springer, a 2003 Tulane University graduate, over and over again witnessed from up close on the frontline soldiers sustaining the "signature wound" of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars. And when he returned home, he made a film about it.
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 504-865-5000 email@example.com


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The psychological thriller The Suspect - helmed by Stuart Connelly - which explores race relations and wrongful convictions of black men in a small town, is currently raising funds via Kickstarter - just less than 24 hours left in its campaign - to support the film's distribution efforts.
Connelly's first feature film, which premiered at this year's American Black Film Festival, stars Mekhi Phifer and Sterling K. Brown as two social scientists who infiltrate a small midwestern town in order to explore law enforcement's racism and bigotry in the isolated rural area.
See director Connelly's e-mail press release below, followed by the campaign's widget underneath:
"As you've no doubt seen and heard — in your inbox, on Facebook, Twitter, WXPN, etc. — we're in the last few days of our Kickstarter campaign to fund the distribution opportunities for our feature film, THE SUSPECT.
The situation is pretty simple: we have until 12:00 noon Tuesday EDT to make our goal of $25,000.
We're almost 70% of the way there, and we're told that these campaigns really take off in the last few days, as people who've been planning to help come off the sidelines knowing what it really takes to make the goal.
Now's the time.*
You can visit the Kickstarter campaign here: The Suspect
You can go directly to the pledge screen here: Pledge Here!
If you need more convincing, take a look at our website here: The Suspect Movie website
(* If you've already pledged you shouldn't be getting this message, but since you have you should know you can always add to your pledge...)
I don't like busking, but we've truly put every cent of our modest budget into the finished film, and we know we can get the best distribution deal, and get the film SEEN, by spending this money to set up proper sales screenings and attending the right festivals.
It's easy: if you've ever bought something on Amazon, you're ready to go. Kickstarter links to your Amazon account and BTW, you'll only be charged if we reach our goal.
We have cool rewards: Books, scripts, original music, posters, T-shirts, props.. something for every budget level.
We need you:
Yes, you could ignore this email and all the other sources of our plea; one way or another it'll all be over in a few days, we'll stop flooding your inbox, and you can get back to your life.
Or... you can join us and be a patron of the arts, showing that you're someone who believes film can be more than explosions, cardboard dialogue and snazzy computer effects.
By believing in us, you'll be in good company...we've been invited to several festivals (one will make their public announcement this Tuesday!) and we've been selected by The Brookings Institution and Third Way – two premiere Washington DC think-tanks – to be the centerpiece of an event that focuses on social justice and race relations in America. The screening and panel discussion will be in September.
Thanks so much for helping us do that, and please share this email with likeminded friends."


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Beyond Las Vegas: Cowboys and Aliens Await
Going to Las Vegas this year? If you fancy taking a little diversion from Sin City for a couple of days, don't miss the chance to check out the spookier side of Nevada. We're delving into the eerie cowboy and alien country to the north of the city, with a look at some of the Silver State's quirkiest encounters...
Valley of Fire
One of our favourite road trips from Vegas is to take Interstate 15 towards the Valley of Fire Highway and head into the Valley of Fire State park, about a 75 minute drive from the city. It's the oldest state park in Nevada, and its red and orange sandstone formations will blow you away, especially at sunset. Remember to take plenty of water if you're going in summer; daytime temperatures regularly exceed 100 degrees. Check out more on our previous article about the best side trips from Las Vegas.
From here, it's an easy drive on I-15 to Highway 93, also known as the Great Basin Highway, where you can head north towards the Pahranagat Valley town of Alamo (about a two hour drive). Aside from being a great place to pick up alien memorabilia due to its proximity to the Extraterrestrial Highway and Area 51 (see below), Alamo is the jumping off point for the Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge. Stop here for a hike in search of the 'Pahranagat Man', one of the first petroglyphs left in the area by the indigenous ancestors, or to view migratory birds and waterfowl.
Fit for a cowboy
Back in Alamo, check into A Cowboy's Dream luxury bed and breakfast, a fantastic wild western retreat for would-be John Waynes. This B&B opened a few years ago and creates an authentic western getaway for its guests where they can soak up the leather and oak aromas. Enjoy a decadent meal in the Dining Room restaurant of the B&B before settling down for the night in rooms which all feature a private porch with rocking chairs, along with everything a modern-day Annie Oakley could possibly need - high speed wifi, rain showers, claw foot bathtubs and MP3 docking stations.
Extraterrestrial Highway
Head west on Highway 375 to the small town of Rachel (about an hour). The road is also known as the Extraterrestrial Highway, which runs parallel to the Nevada Test Site's northern border and Area 51. While the U.S. Government acknowledges the testing of top-secret military tools in this desert, locals believe aliens might also be tested here, and there have been countless alleged UFO sightings by travellers. Don't miss the Black Mailbox - now painted white - where aliens are said to deliver correspondence with the locals.
Drop by the Little A'Le'Inn and start your extraterrestrial encounter with an alien burger. Hear the best ET stories and learn why enthusiasts from all over the world travel here for the annual UFO Conference. (British movie comedy Paul features Rachel and the Little A'Le'Inn.)
Continue northwest towards the quirky town of Tonopah (two and a half hours) and check into Mizpah Hotel, a gem of western life that has been restored to its former glory after it was reopened in August 2011. Once the tallest building in the whole of Nevada, it houses 47 guestrooms, two restaurants, a casino, two saloons and possibly a number of ghosts, including the infamous call girl Lady in Red who met her demise on the fifth floor.
For a taste of true cowboy culture, head to the Tonopah Historic Mining Park and experience for yourself how it felt to work in a turn-of-the-century ore mine. The underground experience features a walk down a mine tunnel, and at the end of the adventure visitors are able to step into a steel viewing cage and look down the 500 feet deep stope. Tonopah also lays claim to the darkest night sky in the United States, so be sure to set your gaze skywards for signs of extraterrestrial life.
Ghost towns
Head south on Highway 95 and you'll pass through some living ghost towns, such as Goldfield (about a 30 minute drive) which was once the largest city in Nevada. Continue on to Beatty (one and a half hours) and keep an eye out for signs to Rhyolite, located in the Bullfrog Hills, the most photographed ghost town in the West.
If you continue south on Highway 95, you'll enter the town of Pahrump, with its casinos, fireworks stores and a high-end winery. Taste some of the local wines at the Pahrump Valley Winery with the option to dine at the winery's celebrated Symphony's Restaurant - more details in our Las Vegas to Death Valley Road Trip feature.
Virgin Atlantic operates flights to Las Vegas from London (Gatwick) and Manchester.
Thanks to Flickr photographers Alaskan Dude, Spider.Dog and Nevada Tumbleweed (Mark Holloway)
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One other option, though is a much longer trip is to drive to Palm Springs (though is 4 hours) as this is a quirky and fascinating excursion too. It is a really fun place, stuck in a 1950s time warp with amazing stories and architecture. Here is posting have done on it when went there on last Vegas trip: http://www.tipsfortravellers.com/2006/09/podcast-p
About the author: MaxineMaxine Sheppard
Maxine is the editor of the Virgin Atlantic blog. Travel and music are her joint first loves, and despite having written for Virgin for more years than she cares to remember she still loves nothing more than jumping on a plane in search of new sights and new sounds.


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Animals: Desert Animals
These sites are about the different animals that live in desert habitats. These creatures can be found in deserts in North and South America, Africa, and Asia. Sites include images, video, and audio. eThemes Resources on desert habitats, desert survival, and food chains are included.
- 3,
- 4
ThinkQuest: Desert Wildlife
Here is general information about a few different animals and how they adapt to living in the desert.
ThinkQuest:: Endangered Desert Animals
Click on the name of an animal for a picture and short description.
ThinkQuest: Desert Explorer
Explore this site to learn about desert habitats and the plants and animals that live there.
Desert Survival
Learn what kinds of animals you might encounter in a desert. Choose an animal below the picture.
National Geographic: Creature Feature: Coyote
Learn how the coyote population is increasing. Think about how this affects the food chain. NOTE: This site contains a banner-ad.
Mojave National Preserve: Plants and Animals
Here is information about different animals that live in the Mojave desert.
Missouri Botanical Gardens: Desert Animals
Click on "Desert," then select an animal's name found in the left frame to read about it.
Desert Animal Survival
Here are some interesting ways that animals adapt to life in the desert. NOTE: This site contains banner ads, sponsored links, and an online store.
Enchanted Learning: Desert Habitats
This page is full of information about the animals that live in the desert. Click on the animal names to view illustrations. NOTE: This site contains ads.
PBS: Kalahari
Read about the animals that live in the Okavango Delta of the Kalahari Desert.
PBS: Canyonlands Creatures
Learn about the different animals that live in Utah's Canyonlands National Park.
PBS: Feed Me
Explore this site to learn about food chains in the arid ecosystem of Southern Africa.
Collared Peccary
Learn all about this wild desert relative of the pig. There is information about their characteristics, diet, behavior, and more. Includes color photographs.
eThemes Resource: Habitat: Deserts
Learn about the climate and general characteristics of desert habitats that are located on several continents. There is information about the Great Basin in Utah, a cold desert. Includes maps and charts. There are links to eThemes Resources on desert animals, desert survival, and an overview of habitats.
eThemes Resource: Desert: Survival Skills
These sites offer tips on how to survive in the desert. Topics include preparation, supplies, and what to do if you become stranded. Includes information about the Paris-Dakar Rally race that goes through the Sahara Desert. Includes a link to an eThemes Resource on desert animals.
eThemes Resource: Animals: Food Chains and Webs
These Websites are about food chains and food webs. Includes examples of webs and chains with animals from various biomes. Learn about consumers, producers, prey, predators, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores. There is a short animated movie, online games, quizzes, and suggested classroom activities. Included is an eThemes resource on producers, consumers, and decomposers that has additional, related sites and activities.
eThemes Resource: Animals: Coyotes
These sites are about the coyote, a shy wolf-related mammal. Learn about coyote behavior, habitats, diet, reproduction, life cycle, and predators. View their photographs, listen to the animals call, and watch movies about them. Includes a labeled print out, images of paw prints, range maps, and a video legend.
eThemes Resource: Animals: Rattlesnakes
These sites are about rattlesnakes, a type of poisonous snakes. Read about their physical characteristics, natural history, and venom. View several photographs and listen to audio clips of their rattling.
eThemes Resource: Animals: Gila Monsters
These sites are about Gila monsters, one of two species of venomous lizards. Learn about the physical characteristics and defense mechanisms that help Gila monsters survive in the desert. Includes photographs and a diagram. Linked are two related eThemes Resources on desert animals and habitats.
Education Standards


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May 24, 2016
June 5
In a unanimous vote, the Florida Public Service Commission voted Tuesday to deny Florida Power & Light's "Needs Determination" permit for the Everglades Coal Plant, formally known as the Glades Power Park.
This vote represents a stunning setback for efforts by FPL to build one of the largest coal plants in the country, in one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world.
Click Here to access the online Public Inspection File
Viewers with disabilities can get assistance accessing this station's FCC Public Inspection File by contacting the station with the information listed below. Questions or concerns relating to the accessibility of the FCC's online public file system should be directed to the FCC at 888-225-5322, 888-835-5322 (TTY), or email@example.com.


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Spring 2012 Co-op/R&D - Statistical Sciences
Requisition ID:
UR Co-op
Open date:
Oct 26, 2011 4:30:14 PM
Functional area:
King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
Required degrees:
Not Indicated
Experience required:
Less than 1 year
Basic qualifications:
• Must be eligible to work in the US at the time of, and for the
duration of their employment. Employees will be required to furnish evidence
of US work authorization.
• Enrolled in a co-op program at a 4-year US University and receive
co-op credit from University.
• Able to work full-time (35-40 hours/week) throughout the co-op work
cycle (January – June 2012).
• MS or PhD student at accredited 4-year US University.
• Majoring in Statistics.
• 3.0+ cumulative GPA.
• Track record of achievement and leadership in work and/or
extracurricular activities.
Preferred qualifications:
• Experience with statistical software, such as SAS and R/S-plus
• Familiar with sample size calculation, analysis of variance, variance
component analysis, mixed model analysis preferred.
• Previous co-ops preferred
• Excellent communication skills, both oral and written
Statistical Sciences North America (SSNA) helps GSK scientists use
statistical tools and statistical thinking to accelerate the drug
discovery and development process through the following:
• Experimental design
• Data analysis and interpretation
• Statistical training
• Software support
SSNA statisticians provide statistical consulting support to all areas
of non-clinical research and development in North America. They also
develop and deliver practical statistics training for scientists. SSNA
statisticians teach basic classes on a regular basis and develop other
classes by request to address the needs of specific scientific groups.
The co-op student will work under the supervision of senior or
principle statistician to support non-clinical statistical projects
which include data analysis. Experiment design, statistic consulting.
Contact information:
You may apply for this position online by selecting the Apply now
GlaxoSmithKline is an equal
opportunity employer, M/F/D/V - and we are proudly committed to diversity
in our workforce.
Important notice to Employment businesses/ Agencies
GSK does not accept referrals from employment businesses and/or
employment agencies in respect of the vacancies posted on this site.
All employment businesses/agencies are required to contact GSK's
commercial and general procurement/human resources department to obtain
prior written authorization before referring any candidates to GSK. The
obtaining of prior written authorization is a condition precedent to
any agreement (verbal or written) between the employment business/
agency and GSK. In the absence of such written authorization being
obtained any actions undertaken by the employment business/agency shall
be deemed to have been performed without the consent or contractual agreement
of GSK. GSK shall therefore not be liable for any fees arising from
such actions or any fees arising from any referrals by employment
businesses/agencies in respect of the vacancies posted on this site.
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JoAnn Coleman, Manager, Statistical Sciences,
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Visit our Statistical Sciences
Resources and Training Website


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Revised: 2 September 2015
The Medicines Assessment Advisory Committee (MAAC) is a technical advisory committee established under section 8 of the Medicines Act 1981 to advise the Minister of Health on the risk-benefit profile of new medicines.The terms of reference of the MAAC are as follows:
The Medicines Assessment Advisory Committee (MAAC) is scheduled to meet three times a year (usually in March, June and September). Secretarial support is provided by Medsafe.
The 102nd meeting of the MAAC is scheduled to take place on Tuesday 10 September 2015.
The agenda for the 102nd meeting is now available
Members are appointed for a three year term, which may only be renewed once. Medsafe is always willing to hear from suitably experienced candidates who are willing to be considered for appointment by the Minister of Health, even during a period when specific appointments are not being sought:


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Student Resources
Here you should find the resources that you commonly use. Your best resource is all around you. Don't hesitate to ask someone how things work around here. They should be able to give you the tips and hints that are for insiders only. That's you, your peers, faculty and staff.
So if you can't find something here, or you think something not here belongs here, let us know.


text: Patient Information Preparing For Your Surgery Preparing for urologic surgery involves a number of factors, both mental and physical. As you approach your surgery date, consider how you can best prepare yourself for the procedure and the following healthy recovery. Learn more + Discharge Instructions Find instructions for returning home after some of the most common urology procedures at Finger Lakes Urology Institute. Collagen Injection Cystoscopy Cytoscopy, Internal Urethrotomy Cystolithalopaxy Cyrosurgical Ablation of the Prostate Circumcision Hermaturia (blood in urine) Supra-Pubic Catheter Care Transurethral Resection of the Bladder Neck Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Ureteral Stent Placement Ureteroscopy Support Resources


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Archive for Tag Archives: ' blended'
Re-imaging Instructor Led Classroom Learning – Flipping and Storytelling
Wed August 13, 2014 12 – 1 PM, Register Instructor Led Classroom Learning (ILCL) is still the main act in Learning but barely and for long? ASTD, in its 2013 State of Industry report estimated [...]
Blending MOOC on Public Speaking at JLT Group
JLT Group is one of the world's largest providers of insurance and employee benefits related advice, brokerage and associated services including an office of over 850 employees in Mumbai, India Massive open online course (MOOC) is [...]
Steve Jobs and Lessons for Designing Learning
Update : With great regret I have to update this blog to include the news of Steve Jobs passing away. – Jeevan Steve Jobs and his philosophy of product design have some powerful lessons for designing learning "products" that [...]
4 reasons why employee social learning will fail at work
November 25, 2011
Steve Jobs and Lessons for Designing Learning
October 03, 2011
Land of Plenty Broadband – Threat Or Opportunity for the Learning Function ?
September 30, 2011
Does L&D belong in HR?
August 23, 2011
Employee Performance Management – To Be or Not to Be
May 17, 2016
Upcoming Webinars
March 30, 2016
Content Curation & Dissemination for Learning
March 17, 2016
Learner Generated Learning Content - Possibilities, mechanics and chaos ? Online Forum
I'm sorry I missed this webinar... I partecipated an interesting exper
Designing Learning Solutions to Retain Organisational Knowledge - Online Forum
Everyone loves what you guys tend to be up too. This kind of clever wo
Designing Learning Solutions to Retain Organisational Knowledge - Online Forum
Please add your comments during the webinar. The comments are not bein
MOOCs for Employee Learning - The Mechanics - Online Forum
Hello, I am unable to view the recording 'moocs at work'. I sign in
Blending MOOC on Public Speaking at JLT Group
Taking my own MOOC as an illustration, when the course website opens t


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by Denise Berger
My good friend, Jill Diamond of Lanartco, is an entrepreneur, business owner and consultant on topics of presence, communication and language. She recently posed this question on her LinkedIn profile: "Are You Doing Enough?" My initial reaction was a defensive one: of course I don't think I am doing enough! Ugh. Why can't I be doing more? better? stronger? broader? I need to get out there and do more, be more, live more, see more, experience more, please more, feel more, learn more, and impact more!!!! It all just makes me want to go back to bed…
Fellow writer for mommytrackd.com, Jennifer Sey, poignantly wrote about "the pleaser [0]" an earlier Watercooler article. The desire to make a good impression on so many different people that touch our life is in the same vein as the need for perfection. She points out how she craves regular praise from her boss. She wants to be the best mommy… ever. She wants to please her husband. She wants her parents' approval. She wants to show her loyalty to her friends. Sound familiar? The truth is that we all beat ourselves up about what we aren't accomplishing to the extent that sometimes we forget to look at what we HAVE completed or done successfully. Rebecca Shambaugh knows. One of the 'sticky floors' cited in her book, It's Not a Glass Ceiling; It's a Sticky Floor [1], is that we don't embrace "good enough" and seeking perfection can very quickly become an obstacle to one's growth and success story. Yes, we could always be doing more, but all of us are strapped for time and resources so the question is: are we making the most with what we have?
In these economic times, we have to use discretion when choosing where our energy and attention are best served. In order to let go of perfectionism, but not feel as though we're slacking off, we need to do things differently and think outside of the box. According to the European Professional Women's Network (with my own add-ons):
- Start asking more for what you want and don't let others decide for you
- Work smarter, not harder (use technology to improve efficiency, not drain it)
- Voice your ambition (do not assume you will be recognized)
- Stay visible (in all mediums)
- Make yourself indispensable (find a niche and become an expert in it)
- "Improve the transferability of your skills" (and identify your core competencies)
- Pick and choose your activities based on your ultimate interests
- Don't be afraid to say, "not now"
Most importantly, studies show that being perfect isn't all that it is cracked up to be. It can lead to greater stress and it doesn't always lead to better results and success. Phew! What a relief.


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Relieve stress and improve memory function with B-50 Complex – 60 Capsules from Nature's Way®. This dietary supplement may your boost energy levels and support healthy nerve function.
Vitamin B complex combines the benefits of vitamins B1' B2' B3' B5' B6' B7' B9' and B12. Studies reveal that these vitamins support certain facets of cognition and heart health' boost metabolism' promote circulation' and fuel the organs of your body for healthy functioning.
Vitamin B1 or thiamin may protect your immune system and reduce stress. It could potentially break down carbohydrates into sugars' improve cellular health' and support heart healthy living. Riboflavin or vitamin B2 in this dietary supplement from Nature's Way® reportedly destroys free radicals' fights signs of aging' and boosts red blood cell production.
B-vitamins' along with inositol' and choline in B-50 Complex – 60 Capsules from Nature's Way® could potentially produce hormones and DNA' improve nervous system function' and support mood.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are not meant to diagnose' treat or cure any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor before starting any exercise or nutritional supplement program or before using these or any product during pregnancy or if you have a serious medical condition.
Serving Size: 1 Capsule
Amount Serving / % DV
Thiamin (as thiamin HCl) 50 mg / 3333%
Riboflavin (as riboflavin/riboflavin 5-phosphate) 50 mg / 2941%
Niacin (as niacinamide) 50 mg / 250%
Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine HCl) 50 mg / 2500%
Folic Acid 400 mcg / 100%
Vitamin B12 (as cyanocobalamin) 50 mcg / 833%
Biotin 50 mcg / 17%
Pantothenic Acid (as d-calcium pantothenate) 50 mg / 500%
Inositol 50 mg / *
Choline (as choline bitartrate) 25 mg / *
Other Ingredients: Gelatin (capsule)' Magnesium stearate' Cellulose.
Take 1 capsule daily' preferably with food.
Store in a cool' dry place.
Ratings & ReviewsReview This Item
Overall Rating for B-50 Complex - 60 Capsules
Displaying reviews 1-3 of 3
By susan westmoreland
from Kauai, Hi.
B-50 comples
My acupuncturist recommended 50-B Complex by Nature's Way for me to help my stress. After taking it for two weeks it helped tremendously. I could really notice the difference.
The capsules are small and very easy to swallow.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By Patt
from NC
Good B Complex!
I like B-50 Complex by Nature's Way. No stomach upset. Helps nervous system.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
By JC
from CA
Works okay.
B-50 Complex by Nature's Way does seem to help with anxiety somewhat.
√ I would recommend this item to a friend.
Displaying reviews 1-3 of 3
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Additionally, PureFormulas is unable to directly recommend products in relation to specific health conditions. Please contact your trusted healthcare practitioner for direct product recommendations.
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If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use. Your healthcare professional is the best source for guidance before beginning an exercise or nutritional supplement program.


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Private Room 2014-2015
Interested In a Private Room?
Housing currently has a very limited amount of private spaces in Langdale Hall available for all student classifications. Those students who are interested need to email us (using their valdosta.edu email) at firstname.lastname@example.com by 8/1/14 to express interest. Assignments will be made by 8/8 based on the time/date stamp of your email request. The price for the private accommodation will be $300 for fall and $300 for spring in addition to the regular room charges. Depending on availability, this opportunity will be re-offered after room changes as well.


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Exclusive Viewing of works by Anne Packard at Amandeline Gallery
By The Mosaic Group | Oct 04, 2013
The rumors are true! Stunning new works by coveted Cape Cod artist, Anne Packard, have been received!
We will showcase more than a dozen of Parkard's canvases at an exclusive one-time viewing on Saturday, October 12th from 6:00 to 9:00 pm as part of the Mosaic Art Walk. All works will be available for purchase. It will be a must-see event!


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MADRID, SPAIN – Spanish swimmer Martin Zubero has retired. Zubero, 28, was Spain's most successful swimmer, who came to prominence when he won the 200m backstroke at the 1991 World Championships.
He ensured his place in Spanish history by winning the same event a year later at the 1992 Olympic Games. Zubero finished his major championship career in August in front of home fans at the European Championships in Seville by winning his fourth European 100m backstroke gold medal.
At the time Zubero said he was doubtful about whether he would compete at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, Australia, in January. Zubero relayed his decision to leave the sport by emailing his Spanish club from his American home.


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The Red Raiders Trip to Omaha might have ended a couple of weeks ago but the Double T will be flying inside TD Ameritrade this evening during the College Homerun Derby.
Eric Gutierrez will represent the Red Raiders, tonight. Gutierrez led the Big 12 in Homeruns and RBI's this season. TD Ameritrade park only allowed 3 homeruns during the two weeks of the College World Series, but they will have different bats and minor league balls to help the show a little bit. Coverage begins tonight at 7:00pm on ESPN.
Copyright 2016 Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


text: "This joint venture is the result of pursuing opportunities in the renewable energy field for the past nine months in a newly formed Worthington Energy Group. We are very pleased to be partnering with Gestamp, a company we have known for several years. We share many of the same operating principles and ideals, and also have complementary industry capabilities and experience."


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Tomorrow morning, a few hundred Henry Countians will gather in the gym at Henry County High School for a special ceremony.
There, the school's Junior ROTC cadets will honor the county's many veterans. It's a ceremony that never fails to make me cry.
All too often, we fail to recognize veterans. Whether or not we agree with the particular war they fought in, we owe them a thank you.
I am writing in response to the politically motivated letter from Harold Bratton (who is not even a resident of the city) stating that Campbellsburg City Hall needs a change.
Staff writer/photographer
A 29-year old Crestwood man has been charged with robbing a Pendleton gas station at knife-point.
Curtis Morris, 29, of Crestwood turned himself in to state police in Campbellsburg Sunday after footage from the robbery was aired on area television stations.
At around 10 p.m. on Oct. 21, a buck-knife-wielding man allegedly demanded money from the lone clerk at the gas station.
The employee handed over around $900 cash.
You know how the Eminence volleyball players know they have reached that level, the one they've been aiming for all season? Their reaction to a loss. Yes, a loss.
It took the final game of the regular season to get it out of them. The Lady Warriors have arrived, and them being upset following a 2-1 loss to Trimble County last Thursday night broke the news. They expected to win, played to win, and came up just short.
Because election returns were late, the paper was late coming off the press. As such, delivery has been delayed in Henry County, but we are working on getting your papers to you as quickly as we can. We know that right now, those readers on the Campbellsburg and Pendleton routes may not receive their papers today. We sincerely apologize for the delay.
In an effort to let you know who won yesterday's elections in Henry County, the winners are posted below.
U.S. Senator - Rand Paul (2992); Jack Conway (2,551)
Timothy Wayne Wilson, 46, New Castle, and Wilma Jean Frost, 35, Taylorsville.
Property Transfers
Following a disappointing 66-8 loss to Frankfort in Saturday's quarterfinals of the Division 3 State Playoffs, Eminence Middle School coach Larry Montgomery was stern in saying the finale was not a reflection of his team this season.
General Manager
After months of tension and dissent in Campbellsburg City Government, Graham Whatley will no longer serve as the city's attorney.
In a special meeting Monday night, Mayor Jan Fletcher introduced New Castle-based attorney Bill Brammell, and recommended the council approve a contract for Brammell's services.
Fletcher said he'd "been talking with (Brammell) the last couple of weeks," and that he would like Brammell to replace Whatley.
Desiree Nicole Scott, 25, New Castle, to Christopher Scott Presley, 28, New Castle.
Tiffany Lynn Brightwell, 28, Eminence, to Brian Scott Nation, 30, Eminence.
Kristina Bishop, 38, Turners Station, to Bryant Eugene Bishop, 41, Turners Station.
Delena Lynn Plemmons, 37, Eminence, to Lawrence Dale Raisor, 37, Eminence.
Kelsey Elise Maloney, 18, Pleasureville, to Gustavo Escobar Lopez Jr., 18, Pleasureville.
Megan Marie Fisher, 25, Lockport, to Cody Wayne Snider, 21, Lockport.
Led by Cassey Fischer's sixth-place finish, both Henry County and Eminence cross-country teams competed at the DeSales Invitational at McNeely Lake Park in Louisville on Saturday.
Henry and Eminence will have runners compete at the Meet of Champions this Saturday — the elementary and middle school races are considered the official Kentucky championships for those age groups — and the regional races will be held the following Saturday at various sites across the state.
Copyright © 2016
The Henry County Local is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Eminence, KY and the surrounding area.


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Chapter 6 – The 10 Attributes of Internal Prosperity Now that you've defined success for yourself, it's time to begin your new, balanced financial life. Now you have to make sure you have a good foundation on which to build the new, happier and balanced you. Think of these core components like the ingredients lists on a box of Oreo ... Read More »
Debt With Dignity
In all sorts of corners of life we now assume that it is wrong to not treat others well. For example, in the U.S. we no longer have separate entrances based on the color of your skin. Buildings make allowances for physical limitations and a recent news story said that more people have developed a tolerance for the religion of ... Read More »


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A Boil Water Notice will be issued for village residents from School Street to Seventh Avenue beginning on Monday, Sept. 26 as crews work to connect side streets to the new water main on Broadway. During this time, notices will be issued daily street by street. Residents can watch local cable channel 16 for information […]
Sewer system takes major hit from Irene
The flood waters from Tropical Storm Irene damaged more than private property as public property from roads to sewer systems were impacted by the deluge. Town supervisor Matt Hicks said Cove Road was destroyed by flood waters from Tropical Storm Irene, but its repair was well down the list of priorities for the town. Although […]
Village listens, changes
Plans to shut down water in almost half of the village on Thursday will not be happening. Instead, the village of Whitehall has changed the date for the replacement of a 10-inch water main control valve on Broadway and School Street from Sept. 24 until Monday, Oct. 5, at 10 p.m. (more…)
Keeping 'em open
It takes a lot of water to be in the restaurant business. But what if that water is unfit for consumption? Or worse, isn't there at all? (more…)


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Brighter Futures is the partnership TNS founded with UNICEF in 2004. The name reflects its ambition to help some of the world's under privileged children to reach their true potentials.
The current, Kantar-wide programme is building on the foundations TNS have laid and is well on its way towards raising a further $1m by 2014, helping children facing very different challenges in Malawi, Bolivia and Bangladesh.
In 2010, a Kantar team climbed Mt Kilimanjaro, followed by a cycling challenge in the Andes in 2011, which raised $200K between them. This year, employees face challenges in the Himalayas, the Aztec mountains and the Sahara desert. Not all of the fundraising is this challenging but it is mainly the efforts of employees that has raised $600K towards the current $1m target.
One important aspect of the programme is seeing the projects in action, and UNICEF have arranged field trips for the most committed fundraisers, so they can see how the donations are being used. The field trips are often described as life changing, bringing home both the harsh realities and the huge differences that can be made.
The current programme marks 10 years of the relationship between TNS and UNICEF
The TNS partnership with UNICEF began in response to the Tsunami in South East Asia in 2004. This one-off donation triggered a desire for a more sustained programme that reflected the company's broad geographic reach. Since then TNS have worked to build and supply pre-schools in Cambodia and children's corners in Malawi. In 2008, the partnership was extended to become Kantar-wide under a new name, Brighter Futures, reflecting the underlying aim of helping some of the world's under privileged children fulfil their true potentials.
Tackling Child Labour in Bangladesh
13% of children aged 5-14 are forced to work, often in hazardous conditions, to support their families. Brighter Futures aims to help bring about much needed social change, providing life skills and opportunities, as well as addressing legislative reform. The project will help to re-integrate 6,000 working children into education, and support 2,500 families.
Protecting Children from Violence in Bolivia
Currently 2.2 million children and adolescents in Bolivia are victims of violence and many more are involved in juvenile crime, gang warfare and drug abuse. The Brighter Futures programme aims to protect young people against exploitation by working with government to review protection laws. Additionally the project will create nine new special victim units to manage cases of children and adolescents as victims, or witnesses, of crime.
Creating Children's Corners in Malawi
The Brighter Futures project will continue to help some of the 600,000 children in Malawi who have lost one or both parents to AIDS. Children's Corners are community based, and provide support, education, nutrition and protection, as well as access to support services. The project will support vulnerable children through building and strengthening 150 of these centres.


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College Hockey:Samuels-Thomas transferring from Bowling Green to Quinnipiac
Bowling Green forward Jordan Samuels-Thomas will be transferring to Quinnipiac for the 2012-2013 season, according to Chris Heisbenberg's NCAA recruiting database.
It was announced in April that Samuels-Thomas would not be returning to the Falcons this fall.
Samuels-Thomas, a seventh round draft pick of the Atlanta Thrashers in 2009, was Bowling Green's leading scorer in each of his two seasons, totaling 46 points in 71 games.
The following is a self-policing forum for discussing views on this story. Comments that are derogatory, make personal attacks, are abusive, or contain profanity or racism will be removed at our discretion. USCHO.com is not responsible for comments posted by users. Please report any inappropriate or offensive comments by clicking the "Flag" link next to that comment in order to alert the moderator.
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i have a few pair of the Speedplay Frog MTB pedals and have been using the Frogs on my MTB, commuter and road bike... i love them and i'm looking at getting another pair b/c my original pair from a few years ago with thousands of miles on them finally broke.
my question is: does anyone know if the Speedplay road pedals (X3 or whatever they're called) share the same cleat as the Frogs so i can use the same shoes/cleats for both pedals? also, what's good/different about the road pedals? would you recommend trying the road pedals or sticking to the Frogs for all my bikes?
info: for my recreational riding i am on the mountain bike about 80% of the time, sometimes doing training on the road bike, a few long road tours and an occaisonal criterium or time trial (triathlon, although not this year)


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High Point, NC -- Two people in High Point were arrested Wednesday and charged with illegal sweepstakes operations at two different locations.
Officers said they first served a warrant to Jennifer Dawn Moreno at 311 Sweepstakes on North Main Street around 2:40 pm. Then, they went to Pots of Gold on South Main Street and arrested Gregory Todd Warren shortly before 6 pm.
Moreno was charged with Operating an Illegal Sweepstakes. Warren was charged with Operating Illegal Sweepstakes, Possession of Slot Machines and Illegal Gambling. Both were issued a written promise to appear by the Magistrate.
Police said they seized numerous items from each location as evidence.


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Day 6
Belize and Guatemala Tour 2003
On our way back to the lodge, my cap caught a five foot loose tree limb and it hit Frank's rump. He gave a small jump, but was very calm. When I returned from our trip, I starting wanting to own a horse again which turned out to be a big mistake. That is another story for another time.
After lunch, Vickie, Sarah, Shanni and I tubed the Roaring River. Later, I sat on the verandah and read while it rained. There were several hummingbird feeders around the verandah and they whizzed by my head. I found out the name of that wonderful hot tea was Red Rose.
It rained and rained. Due to 12 hours of rain, our trip to the Actun Tunichil Muknal cave was canceled. Instead, we loaded into the Land Rover (which was a little iffy) and drove to Barton Creek Cave. On the way, we passed a Mennonite farm with people working outside. We had car trouble on the way (I said it was iffy) and William (driver) and Ben crawled under it and did some tinkering. They got it running again and we had to cross a raging creek. Ben gunned the Rover and we got across. I just knew we would get stuck and have to wade out.
Once there, we put on life jackets and got into canoes. Each canoe had a headlight with a large battery. It was an awesome experience to canoe in the completely dark cave. Several times our battery went out due to a short. We had two canoes so we just stayed close to the other canoe. There were many wonderful stalagtites and in some places, the roof of the cave was 150 feet high. The lodge had sent a picnic lunch with us and after caving, we ate and then started back to Pook's Hill. We happened upon a restaurant on the way back and stopped for ice cream. I drank a cappuccino which was the first I had had since leaving home. That was like an oasis for me. Another wonderful evening meal and visiting with the other travelers and back to our lodge to repack as we were to go to Ambergris Caye the following day.


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In the rush to grow your social media influence, don't forget that influencing the people you meet every day is far more helpful and important to your life and career. I'd rather have 10 people who really care about my message and ideas than 10,000 who just click a "Like" button. To that end, here's some key things to remember about extending your influence to the people you meet everyday:
Tag Archives: relationship
The Secret for Really Connecting with People
Early in my career, a high level executive and mentor gave me a piece of advice I've never forgotten: "Care about a client's kids, and they'll be your client for life." I was reminded of that on Friday night when Kathleen and I visited with Mark Jeske, Milwaukee pastor and speaker from Time of Grace Ministries. Mark was speaking at an event in LA, and we went over to his hotel to catch up. Once we sat down, one of his first questions was about our daughters: "How are Kelsey and Bailey?" Mark has only met Bailey once briefly, and never Kelsey. But it was the
Are You A Welcoming Church?
I'm shooting a project in Israel this week, and asked Mary Hutchinson to write a guest post. She replied with a great question: "Are You A Welcoming Church?"
Want to Succeed? Understand What Matters to Your Client or Employer
I've worked with a couple of vendors recently who are great people, very talented, and highly skilled. The problem? They don't understand business. I don't want to embarrass them so I can't be too specific. But let's just say that although they did great work, there were mistakes that the vendors thought were really minor. In fact they almost laughed them off because they didn't consider them important. However, they weren't minor to me – the guy who owns the business. And they cost me a lot of money. If you want to be a successful freelancer, employee, or vendor – here's what I recommend: