text:
« Kim Kardashian's Flower-ful Photo Shoot | Home | Tamra Barney Calls Slade Smiley A "F–ker", "Deadbeat" Then Deletes Tweet »
Vicki Gunvalson Apologizes For Her Rude Behavior
May 14, 2014 04:00 PM by Stephanie Gustafson
Vicki Gunvalson is rarely kind to newcomers, with the sole possible exception being Shannon Beador. The reality star's frosty tone was particularly off-putting during the latest episode of The Real Housewives Of Orange County, when she was incredibly rude to Lizzie Rovsek. Even Vicki is willing to admit when she's wrong, which is why she later issued an apology for her terrible behavior.
Facebook fans never expected Vicki Gunvalson and Lizzie Rovsek to get along, but nobody could have anticipated just how rude the Real Housewives Of Orange County veteran would be when she met the latest addition to this season's cast. Vicki made fun of everything from Lizzie's name to her history as a pageant star, adding fuel to the fire by neglecting to include the RHOC newbie in a round of shots.
Amazingly enough, Vicki has seen the error in her ways — and she's willing to make an apology. In her latest Bravo blog, Vicki admitted, "Watching this week's episode made me very upset on how I treated Lizzie when we first met. All I can say is that is not the person who I want to be, nor am I proud of how I talked to her when we were in the limo."
Of course, this is Vicki we're talking about, so there's really no such thing as a full apology. Although she said she was sorry, Vicki also attracted ire from the Twitter community by claiming that Bravo had neglected to include a great deal of the limo drama in the final cut. The implication, of course, is that Lizzie antagonized Vicki…but fans did not have the pleasure of witnessing this particular scene.
What did you think of Vicki Gunvalson's treatment of Lizzie Rovsek on The Real Housewives Of Orange County? Sound off in the comments section below!
Vicki Gunvalson And Lizzie Rovsek Spar On The Real Housewives Of Orange County
Shannon Beador's Husband Wants Her To Get A Boob Job
Lizzie Rovsek Makes Real Housewives Of Orange County Debut
Photo Credit: Bravo
Topics: Bravo Reality TV Shows, The Real Housewives Of Orange County |
« Kim Kardashian's Flower-ful Photo Shoot | Home | Tamra Barney Calls Slade Smiley A "F–ker", "Deadbeat" Then Deletes Tweet »


text:
You are about to report the comment below to the Crash.Net moderators as being abusive.
An abusive comment may contain profanity, personal attacks or commercial SPAM.
Please do not report this comment as being abusive if you simply disagree with the
comment posted. If this is the case then you can click on the "disagree" icon () in the upper right
of the comment's post to show your dissatisfaction.
Crash.Net moderators will view all reported comments and will act as they deem necessary.
This may be editing the comment or total deletion.
The only thing slowing down Crutchlow is politics. But then again, that is why Casey checked out last year. Whats the point if Spain is gonna hold a monopoly on competitive bikes, might as well go to WSBK and have a legitimate shot with a quality team.
Cal, Rossi and Spies would do well to leave for greener pastures in WSBK, MotoGP is already lying 6ft under, it's just waiting for people to start throwing dirt on it.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Win a free trip to fabulous Las Vegas from Tom Trtan PreOwned Zone at Reliable Hyundai Test Drive.. Trip includes: 3-day / 2 night luxury hotel accommodations and airfare for two and a $250 Visa gift card. See below on how to enter the contest brought to you from your friends at PreOwned Zone at Reliable Hyundai, KOLR10, KOZL and OzarksFirst.com.
Rules: Entry for the Promotion will begin on May 7, 2013 at 8:00am and end June 16, 2013 at 8:00pm.
Good luck!
weather |
news |
sports |
professionals |
community |
marketplace |
obituaries |
ozarks live at 4 |
rewards |
hometown heroes |


text:
Other projects made by bitterpurl:
Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
|Here are some details about my project:
|Casual, Classic
What was your source for this sewing project?
Online Photo or Website
Name of website or photo design it yourself clothes
Congratulations on such a professional finish. Did you learn to draft by doing the course on Craftsy? I am looking to learn too.
Thank you! From a workshop with Cal Patch (author of design it yourself clothes)
Really cute. So being a cotton print, there's no stretch to it, like a cotton knit?
Thanks! Right, it's a 100% cotton. No poly or spandex. More like a quilting cotton.
I like this dress, your design is flattering to your figure and the fit is just perfect. Further, it has pockets!


text:
Game As Ned : Ned is a teenager with an encyclopedic knowledge of Australian bushrangers. He is also autistic. Erin is a sixteen-year-old trouble-magnet trying to make a fresh start in a new town. Ned never speaks. Erin rarely stops - and when she stand up to a bully the consequences are catastrophic. Now Ned's on the run, branded 'disturbed and dangerous' by the police. For justice to occur, he'll have to be as game as Ned Kelly.
|Young Adult Fiction
|Social Situations


text:
15% – 20% OFF Bali and Graber Blinds & Shades
Shop Bali
Special Order only. Offer ends 6/20/16.Shop Graber
Prices, promotions, styles, and availability may vary. Our local stores do not honor online pricing. Prices and availability of products and services are subject to change without notice. Errors will be corrected where discovered, and Lowe's reserves the right to revoke any stated offer and to correct any errors, inaccuracies or omissions including after an order has been submitted.
Whatever your project, Lowe's can show you how. Search our library for ideas and inspiration.Get Started
Find the Levolor custom window blinds and shades that are right for your home décor.Shop Now
Customize your Bali blinds and shades to create the perfect window treatments.Shop Now
Create a style all your own with customizable window treatments.Shop Now
Your custom window treatments will be shipped within 72 hours.Shop Now
$99 basic installation (labor only) for up to nine purchased blinds and shades.
New blinds and shades quickly and easily add personality to your home.
Measuring is the first step toward enjoying your new blinds and shades.
Watch this video for tips on installing horizontal window blinds.
Control the amount of sunlight that enters your home with stylish blinds and shades from Lowe's. Pick the right fit for your windows and doors with our helpful expertise and how-to guides. Learn to how to install and measure for any frame. Lowe's offers a great selection of styles, including wood blinds, vertical blinds, roman shades, roller shades and cellular shades. Choose from these and more from brands like Levolor, Bali, Graber, allen + roth® and Style Selections.


text:
Pioneer High School
601 W. Stadium Blvd.
Ann Arbor, MI
Click here for a map of the Ann Arbor Public School District. Pioneer is located in section G4, marked as "24."
Click here for a map of Pioneer High School.
To obtain driving directions, visit the Mapquest directions page here.


text:
Steven M. Drucker, Li Wei He, Michael F. Cohen, Curtis Wong, Anoop Gupta, and Asta Roseway
January 2003
Networked multiplayer games are becoming tremendously popular. At any given moment on the Microsoft Game Zone (http://zone.msn.com), there are thousands of people playing Asheron's Call or Age of Empires. Traditional board and card games are also increasingly being played online and will continue to gain in popularity. While networked games are certainly fun for active players, there is potentially a much larger audience: spectators. In most traditional games, such as football, the number of spectators far exceeds the number of players. The key idea presented in this paper is to tap this potential by making online games engaging and entertaining to non-players watching these games.
|Publication type
|Microsoft Research
|Microsoft Research


text:
Share your reviews,
photos and videos here!
Involvement:General (knows how to use it) - Ownership:1 week to 1 monthPros:
Cheap, takes magnified pictures and video. I've taken high-res photos of paper, cloth and other flat and stable objects.
Unstable stand, very difficult to get focus and keep focus except for flat or simple objects. The higher zoom, the more difficult to get sharp focus, even for flat things, because you move the scope a little bit when adjusting focus.
If you can buy or build a better stand that can adjust zoom without moving the scope, it would be much more useful.
It's a toy, but without improvements you might lose interest pretty fast.


text:
From Pillar to Post: Trainer John Scully Reflects on Loss to Simms
08 Jan 2007
With the smoke still clearing from Jose Rivera's upset loss to Travis Simms Saturday night, Rivera's trainer John Scully reflected on his charges inability to solve the southpaw puzzle he had in front of him in the first defense of the WBA Junior Middleweight belt he earned last summer with his dominating performance over Alejandro Garcia.
"I think it is no secret that good boxers are the ones that have always given Jose trouble throughout his career, and especially southpaws. Last night was a very tough fight stylistically going in, we knew that." Scully continues, juxtaposing his charge's conqueror with the man he who he defeated to earn the belt. "Garcia was a more dangerous guy but he gave up his range and allowed Jose to get into the fight. Travis boxed smartly and never let Jose get into any kind of groove."
Travis Simms of Norwalk, Connecticut, regained the WBA title that had been stripped of him when he refused a rematch with the man he had blown away with a single shot in 2003, Alex Garcia. Simms elevated his undefeated record to 25-0 (19 KO), while Jose Rivera fell to 38-5-1 (24 KO).
When asked whether or not he was disappointed in Rivera's inability to pull out the W, Scully responded with candor and honesty. "Well, you have to realize that Jose is in his mid 30's and has been fighting the way he has for his entire boxing life, more than 15 years now. I only started training him less than two years ago." Scully continues, "I would of course want to see him do some things differently but I can't be mad at all because he's been set in his ways for a long time now. With his style and his strengths and weaknesses there are certain other styles that he can really excel against and tricky southpaws aren't it."
Peering through the scope that only a trainer can view through, Scully was able to provide this writer with details into how Rivera dealt with the disappointment of losing a title he worked hard to attain. "Jose is a realistic, he knows boxing and he knows himself very well. I think he expected some serious stylistic trouble in the fight and expected to have to come on late to win. We knew going in we could never beat the guy in a 4 round fight so 12 rounds was supposed to be in our favor. Jose was flat and Simms boxed very well and picked his shots very well, too. I tried to snap Jose out of it and get him into a groove but the styles just didnt mesh well at all and i think Jose accepts that."
After being dropped in the second round and going down once again in the fateful ninth round, Scully the trainer was faced with a difficult situation that he himself could understand as a veteran of 49 pro fights.
"It was a tough spot for me because [Rivera]'s like me in that he never wants to get stopped in a fight and he makes sure it is known before he fights that the corner shouldn't overreact. I am not one to stop fights because I know fighters usually have more in their reserves than even they mifght realize at the time. I had no argument with the stoppage, though, because Jose was getting hit clean and Travis was definitely picking up momentum in there at that point."
At 33 years of age and 44 typically violent bouts, Scully ceded that perhaps we have seen the best of the Worcester Warrior, Jose Antonio Rivera. "Well, my thing is this," started Scully in reference to Rivera, "you made it to world championship staus, something only a small percentage of fighters ever do. It's been along and tough career.
"Jose has been in many, many tough fights and that wears on a man after a while. Even the toughest men in history. Style wise, in terms of actually winning, at this point in his career and life, Jose would obviously be best suited to face guys that come to rumble and fight with him and not go against the slicker fighters. If he wanted to keep fighting, it would be a thing where he should go after the fights that could make him money but also the ones that would see him in with styles that are more suited to him. Everybody has a kryptonite and Jose's is the slick, awkward, cagey guys.
Rivera lost the WBA version of the Welterweight title in 2005 in the first defense of the belt in 2005 against slick southpaw Luis Collazo, who is co-trained by the same man who handles Simms, Nirmal Lorrick .
When asked about what Jose will be doing in the future, Scully stressed the need to distance himself from the happenings of the ring and to focus on the more important things in life. "I would like to seem him rest and let his cut heal and spend quality time with his family and make a decision down the road with a clear mind."
The veteran Scully had a few words for Simms with regards to the circus act that flooded the ring after the fight was halted at 2:00 of the ninth. Referring to the act as "very, very classless", Scully didn't mince words when he came forward with his advice, stating "Travis should seriously tell those ignorant fools to get out of his life."
Scully added "those women he had in the ring with him, the loud mouth people cursing on Showtime, that is not how you get the big dollars. Nobody wants to see that. You would never ever see that with a Sugar Ray Leonard, Oscar De La Hoya, et cetra. The average American boxing fan is not feeling that."
Scully explained that it was not so much Simms' behavior as it was his entourage that made the matter an item of exigency and scrutiny. "Actually though," Scully began, "he came across very well in his interview. He wasn't the one, it was his group. Classless females that don't know how to act, they make him look very very bad. If I trained him that would never happen."
When asked what he thought of Simms as a fighter and his future prospects in the ring, Scully relayed a reply that showed both reverance and a sense of reality. "I dont think he can beat [Floyd Mayweather Jr.] or Oscar [De La Hoya], but he's very solid.
The fight was initially slated for several other dates, but several tangibles swayed which resulted in the bout ultimately being postponed several times. Scully doesn't think that played a role in what occurred in Florida. "Well, it was delayed for both guys so whatever problems it brought for us it brought them for Travis, too."
Any questions or comments? Send them to my e-mail address at firstname.lastname@example.com . My Myspace address is http://www.myspace.com/asian_sensation201 . My website URL is http://www.boxingscene.com/ryansongalia .
Click here for a complete listing of columns by this author.
Click here for a complete listing of this author's articles from different news sources.
PhilBoxing.com has been created to support every aspiring
Filipino boxer and the Philippine boxing scene in general.
Please send comments to email@example.com
developed and maintained by dong secuya
© 2016 philboxing.com.


text:
Home Repair & Improvement Houston
Just Completed
About Us
Service Area
Contact Us
Houston Drywall Repair
Houston Interior Painting
Houston Tile Installation
Bathroom Remodeling
Houston Bathroom Remodel
Houston Bathroom Updates
Kitchen Remodeling
Houston Kitchen Updates
Houston Kitchen Update
Cabinets & Bookcases
Flat TV Wall Mounting
Welcome to
Simple Home Solutions
. We are a home repair and improvement company in Houston Texas specializing in all areas of residential repair, improvement and finish work.
Since 1999 Simple Home Solutions has been known for flawless drywall repairs, crown molding, carpentry, bathroom updates & remodeling, kitchen updates & remodeling, interior & exterior painting, recessed lights, tile setting, custom tile showers, flat TV wall installation and creative ideas.
At Simple Home Solutions we make your home repair or improvement project priority. We will show up on time and use top of the line materials along with the latest tools & techniques to complete your project. We always keep the job area clean and organized.
Besides being honest and dependable we do not have stand around supervisors or major overhead inflating the price of your update, repair or remodel. We are passionate about this business and it shows in the final product.
Take a look around. We look forward to meeting and working with you!
Contact Us
Click the black Facebook logo to see numerous pictures of the bathroom we are currently working on. You don't need an account to view a business page.
© 2015 Simple Home Solutions All rights reserved.
10702 Boardwalk St. Houston, Texas 77042 Phone:281-804-0824
Web Hosting
powered by Network Solutions®


text:
VI. Universal Service
This changing environment demands new methods of funding universal service and universal access - methods that are competitively neutral, transparent, non-discriminatory, and cost-efficient. A wide range of methods is possible for the collection and distribution of funds that support universal service. While most nations face a common set of goals, the challenges in promoting universal service vary from country to country.
Universal service and universal access are closely related concepts. In the United States, the notion of universal service is most commonly expressed as the belief that all households in the nation should have access to the telephone network. This is consistent with the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) suggestion that universal service should be defined as a telephone in every home, while universal access, often seen as a precursor to universal service, should be defined as a telephone within a reasonable distance for everyone.
Universal Access
As described above, universal access is the term often used to describe the initial stages of telecommunications buildout. The emphasis of universal access policies is to increase access to telephones or telecommunications services on a community-wide level. Universal access programs often seek to foster installation of public payphones or public call centers in rural villages or low-income urban areas with the goal of providing a basic and initial connection to the network. Public payphones or call centers are used in some instances to ensure that even the most remote or sparsely populated area has some access to communication services.
Universal Service
Universal service policies are typically aimed at either providing telephone or telecommunications services to all households within a country, including those in remote and hard-to-serve locations, or increasing the number of individuals with telecommunications services. Universal service programs tend to focus on making the cost of obtaining and maintaining telephone service more affordable to individual users or to targeted groups of users such as low-income consumers and residents of high-cost and rural areas.
The services supported by universal service mechanisms range from basic telephone service to advanced services. Some countries with well-developed telecommunications infrastructure have expanded their universal service support programs to include advanced services such as Internet access in schools and libraries and affordable access to rural health care providers.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 defines universal service to include:
The success of universal service programs may be measured in terms of changes in telephone penetration and subscription levels on an aggregate level or among specific groups of users. Practically speaking, the achieved level of universal service depends upon such factors as the level of a country's economic and technological development, the level of urbanization, and a country's land mass and topography.
Whether the goal is universal access or universal service, it is important to identify short- and long- term objectives and to establish sustainable policies and regulations that will make telecommunications services available and affordable to the maximum number of people. To this end, regulators should seek to incorporate certain core principles in their universal service or universal access policies.
In 1997, the WTO Agreement on Basic Telecommunications Services identified a minimal set of principles that signatories should follow in developing universal service policies:
In the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the United States Congress directed the FCC to reform its universal service policies to be consistent with the pro-competitive mandate of the Act, and according to the following principles; universal service should assure:
- Transparency
- Non-discrimination
- Competitive neutrality
- Non-burdensome application.
Whether a regulator seeking to implement universal service or universal access in a given country decides to adopt only the basic requirements contained in the WTO Agreement, or includes additional concepts or requirements such as those adopted by the United States, the most effective legislation and regulation will identify the guiding principles, as well as basic definitions of these principles.
- Quality service at just, reasonable, and affordable rates
- Access to advanced services in all regions
- Access by consumers in rural, insular, and high-cost areas, and by low-income users, to services similar to those available to urban users, and at comparable rates
- Equitable and nondiscriminatory contributions should be made by all providers of telecommunications services
- Specific, i.e., explicit and predictable, financial support mechanisms
- Support should be provided in a competitively neutral fashion
- Access to advanced telecommunications services for schools, health care providers, and libraries
Universal Service Core Principles
To implement an effective, pro-competitive plan for universal service or universal access, the following core principles are recommended:
One of the most difficult issues for regulators is how to raise and distribute funding for universal service. Historically, many countries have kept rates affordable and promoted universal service by cross-subsidizing local service with revenue from long distance and/or international services. This means that long distance and international rates were priced well above cost to include a subsidy used to keep local rates low. In a competitive environment, however, cross-subsidization is ineffective because the market puts downward pressure on rates that are priced significantly above cost.
General Government Revenues
Some governments allocate a portion of their general revenues to a universal service fund. These revenues typically have been raised through taxes, tariffs, or other similar mechanisms. While this method of providing funding is transparent, explicit, and reduces economic distortions, it does not always raise sufficient funds or receive adequate political support.
Revenues from Privatization, Licensing and Auctions
If the amount of revenue raised is large enough, regulators can allocate proceeds received from privatization, licensing and/or spectrum auctions into a universal service trust fund and use the interest to support universal service programs. This form of funding may make possible the implementation of a transparent, explicit, targeted and non-burdensome mechanism for universal service funding. A major hurdle with this method is obtaining the initial allocation of such proceeds for telecommunications support, rather than for other worthwhile but unrelated government objectives.
Contributions from Telecommunications Companies
In some countries, regulators assess a contribution or tax on the revenues of telecommunications companies. Key regulatory issues involve defining which companies should make the contribution, what the contribution rate should be, and how to avoid duplicate contributions. In general, the contribution rate should be kept low in order to minimize economic distortions. A well-designed contribution mechanism can raise revenues in a manner that is non-discriminatory, non- burdensome, and technologically and competitively neutral. A poorly designed contribution mechanism can create significant market distortions, create entry barriers for new companies, and/or favor a specific company, technology or service.
International Settlement Payments
Regulators and carriers in some countries use a portion of received international settlement payments to finance universal service and universal access. In many cases there are insufficient mechanisms to ensure that settlement payments are actually used to fund universal service. Furthermore, settlement payments are an unreliable source for universal service funding, since they will decline as the international accounting rate regime is replaced with a cost-based system determined by a competitive market. Funding universal service with settlement payments creates an incentive to maintain high accounting rates. In addition, funding universal service with settlement payments shifts the burden of support to other countries that may have their own alternative calling methods in order to bypass the above-cost accounting rate resulting from universal service mandates and commitments. Ultimately, this form of subsidy will encourage the hubbing of traffic through countries with which the destination country has low accounting rates. For these reasons, relying on settlement payments to support universal service will become increasingly risky.
The U.S. Experience
All telecommunications carriers that provide interstate telecommunications services, including those that provide service on a non-common carrier basis, and payphone aggregators, must contribute to universal service. Internet and on-line service providers and cable companies do not contribute to universal support mechanisms unless they provide interstate telecommunications services.
Carriers that provide only international telecommunications services are not required to contribute to universal service. Only if an international carrier also provides domestic interstate service would it be required to contribute to universal service in the U.S. Contributions for high cost and low income support mechanisms are assessed against interstate end-user revenues -- i.e., the carrier's total revenues from telecommunications services including the revenues from subscriber line charges.
Contributions for universal service support for schools, libraries, and rural health care providers are based on carriers' interstate and intrastate end-user revenues. The contribution rate for schools/libraries is .0075 of total telecommunications gross revenues.
Competitive Bidding and Auctions
In some countries, the universal service administrator allocates funds via competitive bidding. The funding is awarded to the bid or proposal that meets a set of defined criteria, such as the bid that requires the lowest level of subsidy to execute the project. Under this method, the universal service fund administrator consults the government, other agencies, and private organizations to identify priority projects. Bids are solicited to meet the established criteria, and the entity that meets those criteria wins the bid and is allocated proceeds from the fund. This mechanism represents a transparent, affordable, and efficient method of meeting universal service needs.
Grants and Loans
The universal service administrator may allocate funds for projects through grants or loans. Establishing clear and identifiable criteria to select the best project can be difficult, politically sensitive, and administratively burdensome. The use of grants or loans may therefor be most effective when the number of projects is limited.
Allocating Funds to Carriers
The universal service administrator may allocate funds to any carrier or telecommunications service company that can demonstrate an ability to provide universal service. The administrator should establish clear, predictable, and competitively neutral criteria for allocating funds to carriers. There are many factors that can be considered in determining how much money is allocated to each carrier, including call volume, call routing, and the number of low-income or rural residents in the service area of a carrier. A growing number of countries are using forward-looking costs to determine how to compensate carriers that provide universal service.
Another method of allocation is to give universal service funds directly to end-users. The universal service fund administrator must decide whether to give funds to all end-users or to a particular group. For example, some universal service programs provide funds only to users who live in high- cost areas or only to low-income users. After the recipient group has been selected, universal service fund administrators must decide how the universal service funds can be used. For example, recipients may be allowed to use funds only to pay for all or part of their initial connection costs, monthly phone bills, all calls, local calls and/or long distance calls. Administrators must also decide how funds will be allocated to the targeted recipients. For example, funds may be allocated to recipients indirectly through the carriers (e.g., through rebates, vouchers and/or pre-paid calling cards) or directly to recipients through vouchers, tax credits, government checks, or government- sponsored calling cards. Any method of funding, whether through the carrier or directly to end- users, requires establishing an effective and transparent allocation mechanism.
The U.S. Experience
An independent, non-governmental entity, the Universal Service Administrative Corporation (USAC), manages high-cost and low-income support, administers the schools and health care programs, and provides billing and collection support.
In order to receive universal service support, a carrier designated as eligible by a state public utility commission must offer, throughout a designated service area, all of the services listed in the Act's definition of universal service. It must offer these services using its own facilities or by combining its facilities with another carrier's (resold) facilities. The carrier must widely advertise both that it provides services under the universal service program and its relevant fees. Any telecommunications carrier meeting these criteria for eligibility can receive universal service support, regardless of the technology it uses.
Carriers that provide service in rural or urban high-cost areas will receive support. A rural carrier is defined as one: whose study area does not include a city of 10,000 or more or any urbanized area; who provides service to fewer than 50,000 access lines; who provides service to any study area with fewer than 100,000 access lines; or less than 15 percent of whose access lines are in cities of more than 50,000.
Before this year, the amount of support a high-cost carrier was entitled to receive, whether it was deemed a rural or non-rural carrier, was based on its embedded costs. Beginning in January 1999, however, the FCC began using forward-looking economic costs to determine high-cost universal service support for non-rural carriers. Rural carriers continue to receive universal service based on their embedded costs. The FCC initiated a new proceeding, to be concluded in the near future, focusing on cost issues for rural carriers.
Lifeline: The Lifeline program helps low-income households pay monthly service bills. All eligible telecommunications carriers must offer this program to qualifying low-income consumers. Lifeline participants receive a total of $5.25 a month where a state provides no matching funds. If the state contributes to Lifeline support, the participant can receive up to $7.00 in federal support.
Lifeline participants are subject to toll limitation (long distance charge limits or blocking). A monthly limit can be set on the amount of money spent on long distance calls and if the bills are not paid, the long distance, but not the local service, can be cut off.
Link-up: The Link-up America program helps low-income subscribers pay the installation costs required to first receive service. Under this program, half of connection charges up to $60.00 will be paid ($30.00 maximum in federal support).
Eligible schools and libraries may purchase any commercially available telecommunications services, internal connections among classrooms, and access to the Internet, at a discount. Higher discounts are available for economically disadvantaged schools and libraries, and those entities located in rural areas. Internal connections include routers, hubs, network file servers and wireless LANs. Internet access means basic conduit access from the school or library to the Internet backbone; it includes the link from the school or library to the Internet service provider, as well as e-mail services.
All non-profit kindergarten through 12th grade schools with an endowment of $50 million or less are eligible for service discounts. Discounts range from 20 - 90%. The discount level depends on the level of poverty, student population and whether the school or library is located in a rural or urban area. Total expenditures for universal service support for schools and libraries are capped at $1.925 billion for 1998 through June 30, 1999, although any funds not disbursed in a given year may be carried forward and disbursed in subsequent years.
To receive a discount, schools and libraries must seek competitive bids for eligible services. Price should be the primary factor, but other factors may also be included. The subsidy for authorized services and equipment is based upon whether the school or library is located in a rural or high- cost area, as well as the percentage of students in the district who are eligible for the national school lunch program. The subsidy is to be paid directly to the service provider, who will then supply the services or equipment to the school or library at the discounted rate.
Approximately 9,600 health care providers in rural areas in the United States are eligible to receive telecommunications services supported by universal service funds. Eligible health care providers include teaching hospitals, medical schools, community health centers, migrant health centers, mental health centers, not-for-profit hospitals, local health departments, rural health clinics and consortia or associations of any of the listed providers. Support is provided for distance charges between the rural health care provider and the nearest large city, defined as having a population of 50,000 or more.
Carriers providing service to eligible health care providers receive the difference between the rural and urban rates; the rural health care provider thus pays no more than the highest tariffed or publicly available rate in the nearest large city. Support is provided to rural health care providers for telecommunications services having transmission speeds of up to the T-1 level (1.544 MBPS).
Universal access to telecommunications services is a challenge in virtually every country throughout the world - both developed and developing. In order to implement universal service or universal access, it is necessary to identify goals and establish sustainable policies and regulations that will make telecommunications services available and affordable to the largest number of people.
As domestic and international telecommunications markets become increasingly competitive, many countries will be challenged to replace traditional universal service programs with programs that minimize negative effects on competitive markets. For much of the world, the primary objective of universal service or universal access has been to ensure basic telecommunications services at affordable prices to all. A growing number of nations are realizing that universal service policies should be crafted in a pro-competitive and flexible fashion. Whatever polices are implemented to expand access to telecommunications networks, incentives for encouraging continued investment along with rapid growth and innovation remain key common objectives globally.
Universal Service Obligations in a Competitive Telecommunications Environment. Information Computer Communications Policy 38. OECD.
Kunigami, Jorge. "Options for Delivery of Rural Telephony." Presentation by Jorge Kunigami, Chairman, OSIPTEL-Peru. San Francisco, November 1996.
Hills, Jill. Universal service. Liberalization and privatization of telecommunications. Telecommunications Policy, June 1998.
Muller, Milton. Universal service in telephony history a reconstruction. Telecommunications Policy, July 1993.
Petrazzini, Ben. Competition in telecommunications --- Implications for universal service and employment. Private Sector, World Bank. October, 1996.
Ponce, Fatima. Acceso universal y telecomunicaciones rurales en el Peru: El rol de OSIPTEL. Documentos de Discussion 3. OSIPTEL, Peru.
Von Hesse, Milton. Telecommunications for rural and preferential social interest areas development: Strategy and Funding Policy. Documentos de Discussion 2. OSIPTEL, Peru.
Wellenius, Bjorn. "Extending telecommunications service to rural areas --- the Chilean experience." Viewpoint. Note 105. The World Bank. February, 1997.
Foro CITEL. Seminario sobre servicio universal. 14-15 April, 1998. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Co- published by Asociacion Hispanoamericana de Centros de Invetigacion y Empresas de Telecomunicaciones (AHCIET) and Camara de Informatic y Comunicaciones de la Republica Argentina.
Universal Service and Public Access in the Technologically Dynamic and coverging informationn society. OECD. April 1997.
La Transformacion de las Telecommunicaciones en el Peru. Organismo Supervisor de Inversion Privada en Telecommunicaciones. Memoria 1994-1997.
La experiencia de regulacion en telecommunicaciones. Documents del primer encuentro regional de organos reguladores de America Latina y el Caribe. Lima, 22-24 Mayo, 1996.
Final Report of Rapporteurs for Question 1/2. Study Group 1, Working Party A/1. International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunications Development Bureau. June 17, 1997.


text:
For anyone who stalks me on Twitter (if you don't, start.), you're most likely aware of the endless self-promo I've been doing the past week. I'm a finalist in Front Row Challenge, a contest sponsored by Marie Claire, LOFT, and Rimmel London, that's giving me (and 3 other girls across the US) the chance to style, produce, cast, and etc. our own fashion show. This journey began in August, and this Thursday all of the work, time, and lots and lots of blood (JK!) I've been devoting will end, and the result will (crossing my fingers) be a wonderful success.
Though I wish you could all attend and support my efforts in this, the show will not be in Lincoln Center. It will take place at a very dear location to me: Penn State! Yes, I'm a student here, and yes, this is a contest for college girls. Thus, my event is hosted at this campus. If anyone lives near Central PA and wants to come out, here's more details.
For the rest of you, peruse Marie Claire's website for pics, videos, and interviews with me and the other ladies. Check out the November issue of the mag for even more from Front Row Challenge (hint, hint! More pictures!).
Wish me luck.
Below are some fantastic photos of the event.
(c) Ann Sciandra


text:
Sony DCR-DVD505 Manual
Sony DCR-DVD505, size: 5.0 MB
|Related manuals
Sony DCR-DVD505E
Here you can find all about Sony DCR-DVD505 like camcorder and other informations. For example: accessories, software, manual.
Sony DCR-DVD505 manual (user guide) is ready to download for free.
On the bottom of page users can write a review. If you own a Sony DCR-DVD505 please write about it to help other people. [ Report abuse or wrong photo | Share your Sony DCR-DVD505 photo ]
Video review
Transfer Video from Sony Handycam DCR DVD505 DVD905
User reviews and opinions
|8:34am on Wednesday, November 3rd, 2010
|Repair Cost I just wanted to post a review that I would have liked to be aware of before buying this camera. I bought this camera in March 2006. Repair Cost I just wanted to post a review that I would have liked to be aware of before buying this camera. I bought this camera in March 2006.
|7:25am on Thursday, October 28th, 2010
|3.5" screen ; 10x optical zoom and comfort in hand 606 price tag Great zoom and quality of video and still shots. Excellent battery life Included software was poor.
|10:50pm on Friday, September 17th, 2010
|Fully featured but somewhat bulky, it matches its MiniDV competitors in most areas, while offering the convenience of direct-to-disc recording.
|7:48pm on Wednesday, September 8th, 2010
|I bought it in Dec for $799 new with some fre... Great video and I love the fact that I can take stills while using the video. I love this camcorder. I bought it for the bi... Vidoe quality, futures, sound and still photos. sound is so good it picks up everything.
|10:50am on Saturday, August 28th, 2010
|Handy,Plays directly to most home DVD players. Large LCD, 4.0 Megapixel still image recording Nothing precisely Have nice movie capturing experience, too good to have 4MP while capturing photos, price is little high even though with CMOS sensor. 3.00 MP.
|12:27pm on Wednesday, August 25th, 2010
|nice small size, durable, easy to use and sounds is good price, touch screen not calibrated correctly, not able to record on video on memory stick Easy to use, very nice picture quality expensive
|8:55am on Wednesday, August 25th, 2010
|Disc and battery :~: GENERAL :~: This Sony Handycam is the latest upgrade in a long line of Sony upgrades! The Sony Handycam DCR DVD505E is a digital camera which was designed for people to use with their hands.
|1:12pm on Tuesday, August 17th, 2010
|Sony DCR DVD505 Please think before you spend your money on this unit. Disappointment My camcorder worked pretty good app. 18 months. Suddenly I got unresponsive touch screen. Camcorder become useless - ($1,000!
|2:48am on Monday, July 26th, 2010
|Fully featured but somewhat bulky, it matches its MiniDV competitors in most areas, while offering the convenience of direct-to-disc recording.
|3:11pm on Monday, May 24th, 2010
|I purchased this camera because my old camera was lost on a plane going to Hawaii, and I wanted to get something that did not have tapes. Well.. we know nothing about cameras and this one truly has an easy button that remind me a lot of office max ads.
Comments posted on www.ps2netdrivers.net are solely the views and opinions of the people posting them and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of us.
On recording
Before starting to record, test the recording function to make sure the picture and sound are recorded without any problems. You cannot delete images once you record them on a DVD-R. Use a DVD-RW/DVD+RW for trial recording (p.16). Compensation for the contents of recordings cannot be provided, even if recording or playback is not possible due to a malfunction of the camcorder, storage media, etc. TV color systems differ depending on the countries/regions. To view your recordings on a TV, you need a NTSC system-based TV. Television programs, films, video tapes, and other materials may be copyrighted. Unauthorized recording of such materials may be contrary to the copyright laws. You cannot dub copyright protected software on your camcorder.
About the Carl Zeiss lens
Your camcorder is equipped with a Carl Zeiss lens, which was developed jointly by Carl Zeiss, in Germany, and Sony Corporation, and produces superior images. It adopts the MTF* measurement system for video cameras and offers a quality typical of a Carl Zeiss lens. Also, the lens for your camcorder is T coated to suppress unwanted reflections and faithfully reproduce colors. * MTF stands for Modulation Transfer Function. The number value indicates the amount of light from a subject coming into the lens.
On this manual
The images of the LCD screen and the viewfinder used on this manual are captured using a digital still camera, and thus may appear different from what you see. Design and specifications of recording media and accessories are subject to change without notice. Disc in this Operating Guide refers to 8cm DVD discs. Available operations depend on the disc used. The following marks are used for the different DVD formats.
The on-screen displays in each local language are used for illustrating the operating procedures. Change the screen language before using your camcorder if necessary (p.81).
Table of Contents
Enjoying with your DVD Handycam
What you can do with your DVD Handycam.. 14 Choosing a disc... 16 Using your DVD Handycam... 18
Getting Started
Step 1: Checking supplied items... 20 Step 2: Charging the battery pack... 21 Step 3: Turning the power on, and holding your camcorder. 24 Step 4: Adjusting the LCD screen and viewfinder.. 25 Step 5: Using the touch panel... 26 Step 6: Setting the date and time.. 27 Step 7: Inserting a disc or a Memory Stick Duo.. 28 Step 8: Selecting the aspect ratio (16:9 or 4:3) of the recording picture.... 31
Easy Handycam - using your camcorder with automatic settings
Using Easy Handycam operation.. 33 Recording with ease... 34 Playing back with ease... 36 Preparation for playing back on a DVD player (Finalizing). 38
Recording... 40 Playback.... 42 Functions used for recording/playback, etc.. 44
Recording To use zoom To record sound with more presence (5.1ch surround recording) To use the flash To record the high resolution still images during recording a movie (Dual Rec)
To record in dark places (NightShot) To adjust the exposure for backlit subjects (BACK LIGHT) To adjust the focus for an off center subject To fix the exposure for the selected subject To record in mirror mode To add special effects To attach the shoulder belt To use a tripod Playback To use Playback zoom To play back a series of still images (Slide show) Recording/playback To check the remaining battery To turn off the operation confirmation beep To initialize the settings (RESET) Other part names and functions
Checking/Deleting the last scene (Review/Review deleting).48 Indicators displayed during recording/playback..49 Remote Commander...51 Playing the picture on a TV...52
Playback on DVD devices
Making the disc compatible with playback on DVD devices or DVD drives (Finalizing)...54 Playing back a disc on DVD devices, etc..58 Playing back a disc on a computer with a DVD drive installed.59
Using the Recorded disc (DVD-RW/DVD+RW)
Recording additional scenes after finalizing..61 Deleting all of the scenes on the disc (Formatting)..62
Using the Setup items
Using the Setup items....64 Setup items...66 CAMERA SET...68
Settings to adjust your camcorder to the recording conditions (EXPOSURE/WHITE BAL./STEADYSHOT, etc.)
Settings for still images (QUALITY/IMAGE SIZE, etc.)
Table of Contents (continued)
Special effects on pictures or additional functions on recording/playback (PICT.EFFECT/D.EFFECT/SMTH SLW REC, etc.)
On the battery pack Before changing the battery pack, slide the POWER switch to OFF (CHG). The CHG (charge) lamp flashes during charging, or BATTERY INFO (p.47) will not be correctly displayed under the following conditions. The battery pack is not attached correctly. The battery pack is damaged. The battery pack is fully discharged. (For BATTERY INFO only.) The power will not be supplied from the battery as long as the AC Adaptor is connected to the DC IN jack of your camcorder, even when the power cord is disconnected from the wall outlet. We recommend that you use an NP-FP70, NPFP71 or NP-FP90 battery pack when a video light (optional) is attached. On the charging/recording/playback time Times measured with the camcorder at 25 C (77F). (10-30C (50-86F) is recommended.) Available recording and playback time will be shorter when you use your camcorder in low temperatures. The available recording and playback time will be shorter depending on the conditions under which you use your camcorder. On the AC Adaptor Connect the AC Adaptor to an easily accessible wall outlet close by. If any trouble occurs while using the adaptor, immediately shut off the power by disconnecting the plug from the wall outlet. Do not use the AC Adaptor placed in a narrow space, such as between a wall and furniture. Do not short-circuit the DC plug of the AC Adaptor or battery terminal with any metallic objects. This may cause a malfunction. PRECAUTION The set is not disconnected from the AC power source (house current) as long as it is connected to the wall outlet, even if the set itself has been turned off.
Step 3: Turning the power on, and holding your camcorder
To record, slide the POWER switch to turn on the respective lamp. When using it for the first time, the [CLOCK SET] screen appears (p.27).
POWER switch Lens cover
2 Hold your camcorder correctly.
3 Ensure a good grip, then fasten the
1 Turn on the power by sliding the
POWER switch in the direction of the arrow while pressing the green button in the center. When you record, switch the power mode by sliding the POWER switch in the direction of the arrow until the respective lamp lights up.
Green button
To turn off the power
Slide the POWER switch to OFF (CHG).
At the time of purchase, the power will be set to turn off automatically if you leave your camcorder without any operation attempted for approximately 5 minutes, to save battery power. ([A.SHUT OFF], p.81).
Now try recording
page 34
Complete the preparations described in steps 1 to 8 (p.20 to 31) before operation.
When inserting a new DVD-RW, it is formatted with VIDEO mode. When using a DVD-RW disc formatted in VR mode, you cannot use the editing function on your camcorder (p.87).
If you do not intend to use Easy Handycam operation, go to page 40.
Recording with ease
Slide the POWER switch in the direction of the arrow while pressing the green button only when the POWER switch is in the OFF (CHG) position.
To record movies To record still images
1 Slide the POWER switch A in the direction of the arrow to light up the
(Movie) lamp.
2 Press START/STOP B (or C).
The default settings is [SP] (p.77).
To stop recording, press START/STOP again.
To record the next images
Perform step 2.
You can continue recording if you have not finalized the disc (p.54) and there is remaining space to record on the disc when: you turn off the power, then turn it on again. you remove a disc from your camcorder, then insert it again.
To record the high resolution still images during recording a movie (Dual Rec)
Press PHOTO D fully while recording a movie. The still image can be written up to 3 during recording a movie at once. After finishing recording a movie, the written still images will be recorded on the Memory Stick Duo or disc.
For details on Dual Rec, refer to page 45.
Before Easy Handycam operation
Turn on your camcorder and press EASY to set to Easy Handycam operation (p.33). [Easy Handycam operation ON.] appears, then appears on the LCD screen.
2 Select the recording destination for still images.
1 Touch [SETUP] t [STILL MEDIA]. 2 Select the media for recording still images, then touch. The recording screen returns with the selected recording media displayed at the top right.
The number of recordable still images and recording media
3 Press PHOTO D lightly to adjust the focus A, then press it fully B.
The deault setting is [FINE] (p.72).
Flashing bLights up
A shutter sound is heard. When
disappears, the image has been recorded.
Playing back with ease
1 Press
PLAY/EDIT A (or B)
You can also use the self-timer with PHOTO on the Remote Commander (p.51).
NS LIGHT (NightShot Light)
You can record clearer pictures with the light which emits infrared light while using NightShot. The default setting is [ON].
Do not cover the infrared port with your fingers or other objects (p.45). Remove the conversion lens (optional). The maximum shooting distance using [NS LIGHT] is about 3 m (10 feet).
You can select the maximum zoom level in case you want to zoom to a level greater than 10(the default setting) while recording on a disc or Memory Stick Duo. Note that the image quality decreases when you are using the digital zoom.
COLOR SLOW S (Color Slow Shutter)
You can record an image brighter in color even in dark places. Set [COLOR SLOW S] to [ON]. and [COLOR SLOW SHUTTER] flash on the screen. To cancel [COLOR SLOW S], touch [OFF].
Adjust the focus manually ([FOCUS], p.70) when it is hard to focus automatically. The shutter speed of your camcorder changes depending on the brightness. The motion of the picture may slow down at this time. The right side of the bar shows the digital zooming factor. The zooming zone appears when you select the zooming level.
Up to 10 zoom is performed optically.
Up to 10 zoom is performed optically, and after that up to 20 zoom is performed digitally.
The default settings are marked with B. The indicators in parentheses appear when the items are selected. See page 64 for details on selecting setup items.
Up to 10 zoom is performed optically, and after that, up to 120 zoom is performed digitally.
You can record pictures using [STEADYSHOT] (the default setting is [ON]). Set [STEADYSHOT] to [OFF] ( ) when using a tripod or the conversion lens (optional).
Records still images at the fine image quality level.
Records still images at the standard image quality level.
The size of still images (Approx. kB)
When the POWER switch is
When the Memory Stick Duo is formatted, all the data will be deleted.
1 Format the Memory Stick Duo by touching [YES] t [YES]. 2 Touch when [Completed.] appears.
Even still images protected with another equipment against accidental deletion are deleted. Do not attempt the following operations when [Executing.] is on the screen. Operate the POWER switch or buttons Remove the Memory Stick Duo
See page 35, 41.
See page 43.
STANDARD SET (continued)
You can select whether to play back audio recorded using other devices with dual sound or stereo sound. B STEREO
Plays back with main and sub sound (or stereo sound).
The recorded picture will not be affected even when you change the setting.
x LCD BRIGHT
You can adjust the brightness of the LCD screen.
1 Adjust the brightness with 2 Touch. /.
Plays back with main sound or the left channel sound.
x LCD BL LEVEL
You can adjust the brightness of the LCD screens backlight. B NORMAL
Standard brightness.
Plays back with sub sound or the right channel sound.
The setting returns to [STEREO] when you set the POWER switch to OFF (CHG) for more than 12 hours.
Brightens the LCD screen.
When you use the AC Adaptor as the power source, [BRIGHT] is automatically selected for the setting. When you select [BRIGHT], battery life is slightly reduced during recording.
You can select the microphone level for recording sound. Select [LOW] when you want to record exciting and powerful sound in a concert hall, etc. B NORMAL
Records various surround sounds, converting them into the same level.
x LCD COLOR
You can adjust the color on the LCD screen with /.
Records surround sound faithfully. This setting is not suitable for recording conversations.
The setting returns to [NORMAL] when you set the POWER switch to OFF (CHG) for more than 12 hours.
Low intensity
High intensity
x VF B.LIGHT
You can adjust the brightness of the viewfinder. B NORMAL
You can display the direction from which the recording sound comes when recording in 5.1ch mode.
Brightens the viewfinder screen.
When you connect your camcorder to the AC Adaptor, [BRIGHT] is automatically selected for the setting. When you select [BRIGHT], battery life is slightly reduced during recording.
x VF WIDE DISP
You can select how a 16:9 (wide) aspect ratio picture appears in the viewfinder. B LETTER BOX
Normal setting (standard type of screen)
SQUEZE (Squeeze)
Expands the picture vertically if black bands at the top and bottom in 16:9 (wide) aspect ratio are undesirable.
1Date 2Time
See page 52.
You can select data transfer speed used to transfer data to your computer. B AUTO
Sends data by switching automatically between the Hi-Speed USB (USB 2.0) and the speed corresponding to USB 1.1 (full speed transfer). Still image
Sends data corresponding to USB 1.1 (full speed transfer).
You can check the information recorded automatically (data code) during playback. B OFF
Data code is not displayed.
3SteadyShot off 4Exposure 5White balance 6Gain 7Shutter speed 8Aperture value 9Exposure value
appears for an image recorded using a flash. The data code is displayed on the TV screen if you connect your camcorder to a TV. The indicator toggles through the following sequences as you press DATA CODE on the Remote Commander: DATE/TIME t CAMERA DATA t OFF (no indication). Depending on the disc condition, bars [--:--:--] appear.
Displays the date and time of recorded images.
Displays the camera setting data of recorded images.
You can select the number of thumbnails that appear on the VISUAL INDEX screen. Thumbnail Glossary (p.143) B ZOOM LINK
Change the number of thumbnails (6 or 12) with the zoom lever on your camcorder.*
REMOTE CTRL (Remote control)
The default setting is [ON] so that you can use the supplied Remote Commander (p.51).
Set to [OFF] to prevent your camcorder from responding to a command sent by other devices remote control.
Displays thumbnails of 6 images.
REC LAMP (Recording lamp)
The camera recording lamp will not light up during recording when you set this to [OFF]. (The default setting is [ON].)
Dividing a movie
your camcorder and press PLAY/EDIT. Editing on DVD Handycam
3 Touch [DELETE]. 4 Select the image to be deleted.
tab t [EDIT].
3 Touch [DIVIDE]. 4 Touch the scene to be divided.
The playback of the selected movie starts.
at the point where you want to divide the movie into scenes. The movie pauses.
Editing the original data (continued)
When you touch , it changes to and the operational buttons below appear.
Returns to the beginning of the selected movie. Adjust the volume
Creating the Playlist
A Playlist is a list showing thumbnails of the still images and movies that you have selected. The original scenes are not changed even though you edit or delete the scenes in the Playlist. Playlist Glossary (p.143) Make sure to insert the recorded disc into your camcorder.
Do not remove the battery pack or the AC Adaptor from your camcorder while editing the Playlist. It may damage the disc. You can add up to 999 scenes in the Playlist.
Adjusts the dividing point with more precision after the dividing point has been selected with.
Play and pause toggles as you press. A slight difference may occur from the point where you touch and the actual dividing point, as your camcorder selects the dividing point based on half-second increments.
tab or tab that includes the scene you want to add to the Playlist, then touch [EDIT].
Once you divide a movie, you cannot return it to the state it was in before you divided it.
If the movie is added in the Playlist, dividing the original movie does not affect the movie in the Playlist.
3 Touch [
ADD] when
Touch / to display [ [ ADD] is not displayed.
4 Select the scene to be added to the
3 Touch [ERASE]. 4 Select the scene to be deleted from
the list.
Touch [YES] to see the Playlist or tab. [NO] to return to or The selected scene is marked with. Press and hold the image on the LCD screen to confirm the image. Touch to return to the previous screen.
To add all the movies on the disc at the same time
Touch [ ADD ALL] in step 3.
To add all the still images on the disc in a Playlist
It is recommended that you create a Photomovie (p.90) beforehand, then add it in a Playlist.
When you add still images in a Playlist, they are converted automatically to a movie and added to tab. A movie converted from still images is shown with. The original still images remain on the disc. The resolution of the converted movie may be lower than that of the original still images.
You cannot use [PICT.EFFECT].
You cannot use [PICT.EFFECT] together with [OLD MOVIE].
You cannot use [SMTH SLW REC].
You cannot use [SMTH SLW REC] together with: [SUPER NS] [COLOR SLOW S] [D. EFFECT] [PICT. EFFECT]
You cannot set [STILL MEDIA].
You cannot set [STILL MEDIA] while recording a movie.
You cannot view [SUR MONITOR].
You cannot view the [SUR MONITOR] either you are not recording in 5.1ch surround recording or together with [FADER].
You cannot adjust [LCD BL LEVEL].
You cannot adjust [LCD BL LEVEL] when power is supplied from the AC Adaptor, or when you turn the LCD panel facing out on your camcorder when the POWER switch is set to (movie) or (Still).
Editing for movies and still images on the disc (DVD-RW:VR mode)
You cannot edit a DVD-R/DVD-RW (VIDEO mode)/DVD+RW with your camcorder. Unable to edit.
There are no images recorded on the disc. Unable to edit because of the condition of the image. You cannot edit an image protected on another device.
Scenes cannot be added in the Playlist.
The disc is full, or the added scenes exceed 999. Delete unnecessary scenes or add all the still images by converting them to a movie (Photomovie, p.90).
A movie cannot be divided.
A movie that is too short cannot be divided. A movie with a mark cannot be divided (p.87, 90). A movie protected on another device cannot be divided.
A scene cannot be deleted.
A scene protected on another device cannot be deleted.
Dubbing/Connecting to other devices
The aspect ratio of the playback is not correct when connecting your camcorder to the TV.
Set [TV TYPE] depending on your TV (p.52).
Pictures from connected devices are not displayed on the LCD screen or the viewfinder.
Touch t [REC CTRL] (p.94).
Pictures from connected devices cannot be zoomed.
You cannot zoom scenes input from the other device on your camcorder.
No sound is heard when playing back a disc.
The audio will not be output when you connect a device via the S VIDEO plug only. Connect the white and red plugs of the A/V connecting cable, too (p.94).
You cannot dub correctly using the A/V connecting cable.
The A/V connecting cable is not connected properly. Make sure that the A/V connecting cable is connected to the proper jack, i.e. to the output jack of a device you are dubbing a picture from, or to the input jack of another device for dubbing a picture from your camcorder (p.92, 94).
You cannot copy the disc to the 12cm DVD.
Use the supplied software, Nero Express 6. Refer to the instruction manual supplied with Nero Express 6 for details.
Prints cannot be made using a PictBridge printer.
Your printer may not print images recorded using other devices. This is not a malfunction.
Do not eject the Memory Stick during writing. Insert a Memory Stick or change STILL MEDIA to DVD. (p.30, 35, 41) Cannot record still pictures. No more still pictures during movie recording.
You are trying to record three or more still images, the maximum number that can be recorded at one time, in recording with the Dual Rec function (p.45).
This is a read-only Memory Stick.
Insert a writable Memory Stick Duo.
Incompatible type of Memory Stick.
A type of Memory Stick Duo incompatible with your camcorder is inserted (p.132).
This Memory Stick is not formatted correctly.
Check the format, then format the Memory Stick Duo with your camcorder if necessary (p.77, 132).
No more still pictures during movie recording
When using the Dual Rec function, do not eject the Memory Stick Duo from your camcorder from after recording a movie is finished until the still images are recorded on the Memory Stick Duo.
Cannot record. The Memory Stick is full.
Delete unnecessary images (p.86).
Cannot save still picture.
When using the Dual Rec function, do not remove the still image recording media from the camcorder until disc recording is finished and still image recording is complete (p.45).
Cannot record still images on Memory Stick. (p.132) - The Memory Stick is locked. Check the tab. (p.132) Cannot playback. Reinsert the Memory Stick. (p.30) Cannot record. Reinsert the Memory Stick. (p.30) Memory Stick has been removed. Process canceled.
x PictBridge compliant printer
Check the connected device.
Switch off the printer and switch it on again, then disconnect the USB cable (supplied) and reconnect it.
Not connected to PictBridge compatible printer.
No recording in Easy Handycam operation. (p.33)
The DVD+RW has been finalized. Make a disc to be able to record additional scenes (p.61).
Error. Cancel the task.
Check the printer.
x Other
E Please connect AC adaptor.
You are trying to finalize or format a disc, or making a disc available for additional recording after finalizing with the battery capacity low. Use the AC Adaptor as the power source to prevent the battery from wearing out in the middle of those operations.
Cannot print. Check the printer.
x Flash
Charging. Cannot record still images.
You are trying to record a still image while the flash is charging.
Use new AC adapter or reinsert. (p.21) Playlist full.
You cannot create the playlist exceeding 999 scenes. There is not enough available space on the disc or Memory Stick Duo.
Charging the battery pack
Be sure to charge the battery pack before you start using your camcorder. It is recommended that you charge the battery pack in an ambient temperature of between 10C to 30C (50F to 86F) until CHG (Charge) lamp turns off. If you charge the battery pack outside of this temperature range, you may not be able to charge the battery pack efficiently. After charging is complete, either disconnect the cable from the DC IN jack on your camcorder or remove the battery pack.
How to store the battery pack
If the battery pack is not used for a long time, fully charge the battery pack and discharge it on your camcorder once a year to maintain the proper function. To store the battery pack, remove it from your camcorder and put it in a dry, cool place. To use the battery pack up on your camcorder, leave your camcorder in the recording standby without a disc inserted with the [A. SHUT OFF] to [NEVER] in the STANDARD SET in the SETUP screen until the power goes off (p.81).
Effective use of the battery pack
Battery pack performance decreases when the surrounding temperature is 10C (50F) or below, and the length of time you can use the battery pack becomes shorter. In that case, do one of the following to use the battery pack for a longer time. Put the battery pack in a pocket to warm it up, and insert it in your camcorder right before you start taking shots. Use a large capacity battery pack: NP-FP71/ NP-FP90 (optional). Frequent use of the LCD screen or a frequent playback, fast forward or reverse operation wears out the battery pack faster. It is recommended that you use a large capacity battery pack: NP-FP71/ NP-FP90 (optional).
Battery life
The battery life is limited. Battery capacity drops little by little as you use it more and more, and as time passes. When the available battery time is shortened considerably, a probable cause is that the battery pack has reached the end of its life. Please buy a new battery pack. The battery life varies according to how it is stored, the operating conditions, and environment in which each battery pack is used.
Maintenance and precautions
On use and care
Do not use or store the camcorder and accessories in the following locations. Anywhere extremely hot or cold. Never leave them exposed to temperatures above 60C (140F), such as under direct sunlight, near heaters or in a car parked in the sun. They may malfunction or become deformed. Near strong magnetic fields or mechanical vibration. The camcorder may malfunction. Near strong radio waves or radiation. The camcorder may not be able to record properly. Near AM receivers and video equipment. Noise may occur. On a sandy beach or anywhere dusty. If sand or dust gets in your camcorder, it may malfunction. Sometimes this malfunction cannot be repaired. Near windows or outdoors, where the LCD screen, the viewfinder, or the lens may be exposed to direct sunlight. This damages the inside of the viewfinder or the LCD screen. Anywhere very humid. Operate your camcorder on DC 7.2 V (battery pack) or DC 8.4 V (AC Adaptor). For DC or AC operation, use the accessories recommended in these instruction manual. Do not let your camcorder get wet, for example, from rain or sea water. If your camcorder gets wet, it may malfunction. Sometimes this malfunction cannot be repaired. If any solid object or liquid gets inside the casing, unplug your camcorder and have it checked by a Sony dealer before operating it any further. Avoid rough handling, disassembling, modifying, physical shock, or impact such as hammering, dropping or stepping on the product. Be particularly careful of the lens. Keep the POWER switch setting to OFF (CHG) when you are not using your camcorder. Do not wrap your camcorder with a towel, for example, and operate it. Doing so might cause heat to build up inside. When disconnecting the power cord, pull it by the plug and not the cord. Do not damage the power cord such as by placing anything heavy on it. Keep metal contacts clean. Keep the Remote Commander and button-type battery out of childrens reach. If the battery is accidentally swallowed, consult a doctor immediately. If the battery electrolytic liquid has leaked, consult your local authorized Sony service facility. wash off any liquid that may have contacted your skin if any liquid gets in your eyes, wash with plenty of water and consult a doctor.
x When not using your camcorder for a long time
Occasionally turn it on and let it run such as by playing back discs or recording for about 3 minutes. Remove a disc from your camcorder. Use up the battery pack completely before storing it.
Moisture condensation
If your camcorder is brought directly from a cold place to a warm place, moisture may condense inside your camcorder, on the surface of the disc, or on the pickup lens. This may cause a malfunction to your camcorder. If there is moisture inside your camcorder, [% Moisture condensation. Turn off for 1H.] or [% Condensation. Cannot open. Try later.] appears. The indication will not appear when the moisture condenses on the camera lens. x If moisture condensation has occurred Turn off your camcorder, and leave it for about an hour. x Note on moisture condensation Moisture may condense when you bring your camcorder from a cold place into a warm place (or vice versa) or when you use your camcorder in a humid place as follows:
You bring your camcorder from a ski slope into a place warmed up by a heating device. You bring your camcorder from an air conditioned car or room into a hot place outside. You use your camcorder after a squall or a shower. You use your camcorder in a hot and humid place.
x How to prevent moisture condensation When you bring your camcorder from a cold place into a warm place, put your camcorder in a plastic bag and seal it tightly. Remove the bag when the air temperature inside the plastic bag has reached the surrounding temperature (after about one hour).
3 Touch t [SETUP] t STANDARD SET t [CALIBRATION].
CALIBRATION 1/3 Touch the "x"
On the LCD screen
Do not exert excessive pressure on the LCD screen. Blurs appear and it may cause a malfunction of your camcorder. If your camcorder is used in a cold place, a residual image may appear on the LCD screen. This is not a malfunction. While you are using your camcorder, the back of the LCD screen may heat up. This is not a malfunction.
4 Touch the displayed on the screen with a thin object such as a corner of Memory Stick Duo. The position of the changes. Touch [CANCEL] to cancel.
If you did not press the right spot, try the calibration again.
Do not use a sharp-pointed tool to calibrate the LCD screen. Doing so may damage the surface of the screen. You cannot calibrate the LCD screen if you have rotated it, or if you have set it with the LCD screen side facing out.
x 5.1ch surround sound
A system that plays back sound on 6 speakers, 3 at the front (left, right and center) and 2 at the rear (right and left) with an additional low-pass subwoofer counted as a 0.1 channel for frequencies of 120Hz or lower. The subwoofer is only counted as 0.1 channel because its playback band is narrow. The all-round audio reproduction is more realistic than stereo, which only reproduces movement of sound from side to side.
x DVD-R
A DVD format that does not enable rerecording. It is mostly used for saving data that does not need to be edited. It is characterized by excellent playback compatibility with other DVD devices. Before finalizing, you can additionally record onto the discs free space. Once the disc is finalized, however, you cannot record onto it even if it has some free space left.
x 8cm disc
A disc with a diameter of 8cm. You can use 8cm discs with DVD Handycam.
x DVD-RW
A re-recordable DVD format. You can choose from two kinds of recording mode: VIDEO mode, which stresses high playback compatibility with other DVD devices, and VR mode, which enables various editing with DVD Handycam after recording.
x Disc title
The title (name) given to a recorded disc.
x Dolby Digital
An audio encoding (compression) system developed by Dolby Laboratories Inc. Sound can be recorded in various formats, from 5.1ch surround to 2ch stereo or monaural audio.
x DVD+RW
A re-recordable DVD format providing high playback compatibility with other DVD devices. Discs do not require finalizing so they can be re-recorded anytime.
x Dolby Digital 5.1 Creator
Sound compression technology developed by Dolby Laboratories Inc. which compresses audio efficiently while preserving high sound quality. It enables recording of 5.1ch surround sound while using disc space more efficiently. Discs created by Dolby Digital 5.1 Creator can be played back on a DVD recorder or device compatible with the disc on DVD Handycam. If you own a 5.1ch system (such as a home theater system) you can enjoy a powerful sound.
x Finalizing
The process of making discs recorded on DVD Handycam compatible for playback on other DVD devices. DVD-R/DVD-RW discs must be finalized before being played on another DVD device.
x Formatting
The process of deleting all recorded movies from a disc and restoring its original storage capacity so that it can be rerecorded onto.
x JPEG
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, a still image data compression (data capacity reduction) standard. DVD Handycam records still images in JPEG format.
x Double-sided disc
Disc that can be recorded on both sides.
x DVD menu
500LC Motivator ES-2200 BDV-F500 MC1761E-M SGH-U600B QV-R4 Flatbed RM-27LZ50 A7V133-C KM-4530 Sable 2000 Videolink Blanc PS-121X RP250 Ypcp3- PHP PHP CA-1010 Radio Benq T903 FIE64F 63R RDD10 SC7830 GT-I8000 M16 NN-A883wbbpq Peugeot 607 BV7950 FL1281 14PT2666 40 MC Premium 500 Turntable HTR-5440 Latitude C540 Yamaha DS55 C7065I F1403FD KDL-32S2010 LDT461V2 Travelmate C310 Software 400DXN HS102G PS50C430 60PC1D-UE Bonne Paye KDC-4011S Pc 901 4 HDI Accessories IP 432 TI-5045SV Smartphones Mousqueton P-85-P-85S Z812IS A-9155 KX-TG6443 P2250 Sagem D32V Casio 2747 ALL-IN-ONE Subwoofer PDP-435XDE Gigaset A580 Color Tube 50 14SH754 Babymonitor ND-PG1 SC-4035 DVP3254K Settings 21FS2CLX DTH8650 GP-1610CF Suunto M9 Flash CS3 R-972 SGH-M300 FAX-JX210P 902SH Manual DCR-HC62 KDC-3080RA Academy Nokia 5800 PS42B451 DP100 KLX 140 City 7733 MG82CX-mg102C Fishfinder XL-UH220H PX888 Infiniti I30 LC-A504 HQ6920 16 Xchallenge AG-HPX170P WJ-FS416
manuel d'instructions, Guide de l'utilisateur | Manual de instrucciones, Instrucciones de uso | Bedienungsanleitung, Bedienungsanleitung | Manual de Instruções, guia do usuário | инструкция | návod na použitie, Užívateľská príručka, návod k použití | bruksanvisningen | instrukcja, podręcznik użytkownika | kullanım kılavuzu, Kullanım | kézikönyv, használati útmutató | manuale di istruzioni, istruzioni d'uso | handleiding, gebruikershandleiding
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101


text:
Our People
MBI's membership includes academics, researchers and students from the basic, biological and social sciences. It links professional schools on the University's Westmead, Camperdown and Camden campuses and the Central, Nepean, Northern and Western Clinical Schools of the Sydney Medical School; collaborating partners from Australian and international academic institutions; and international organisations, business and the community. Represented faculties include:
- Health Science Node
- Medicine (Sydney Medical School)
Westmead Campus: Westmead Adult Hospital; The Children's Hospital at Westmead
Camperdown Campus: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; and Sydney School of Public Health
Additional Campuses: Royal North Shore Hospital; Concord Hospital; Lismore Hospital; Nepean Hospital; and Blacktown Hospital
- Nursing & Midwifery (Sydney Nursing School)
- Pharmacy
MBI is administered by the Director, Professor Tania Sorrell, assisted by a core executive team.


text:
Funding opportunities
The constant exposure of cells to endogenous and exogenous agents that inflict DNA damage requires active repair processes to eliminate potentially mutagenic events in stem cells leading to cancer. The same agents menace early human embryos with DNA damage that can ultimately lead to mutations, cancer, and birth defects. In vitro, human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) spontaneously undergo events leading to genetic instability and mutations. All these three types of genetic problems can have similar links to malfunctions in DNA repair systems, but little information now exists for HESCs. Therefore, the first step in understanding the causes of HESC genetic instability is to understand which DNA repair systems are defective. We will investigate the basis for this phenomenon in HESCs by evaluating their capacity to either repair DNA or form mutations. First, we will culture two HESC lines and compare HESC repair and mutation formation to that of control cells. We will use a new technique which simplifies the production and use of the feeder cells that support the growth of the HESCs. We will also test the genetic stability of HESCs grown on conventional feeder cells, as well as those grown in feeder free culture. We will use three types of DNA repair assays to monitor the genetic stability of the two HESC lines grown in these different ways. In the first of these assays, DNA molecules with different randomly-induced damage are transferred into HESCs, and DNA repair is followed by the re-establishment of the activity of a reporter protein that is coded for in the damaged DNA. A second assay will introduce specific DNA damage at a unique site in DNA that is transferred to HESCs and repair is determined using a polymerase chain reaction-based technique. Since aneuploidy is also known to be caused by double-strand DNA breaks, we will use two other assays to evaluate capacity of HESCs to repair that type of damage. These experiments will indicate if DNA repair pathways that eliminate DNA damage are dysfunctional and cause genetic instability. The final endpoint for these preliminary experiments is the formation of mutations. To study this, we have modified an assay system so that it will function in normal human cells to monitor mutations which arise spontaneously or those which are induced by various agents. In summary, these investigations will provide the basis for understanding genetic instability in HESCs that can direct cells to tumorgenic outcomes. The employment of HESCs clinically will require such knowledge. Moreover, these results will also yield information on susceptibility to mutations of cells early in development. The practical and basic science aspects of this seed grant proposal should lead to a complete proposal in the near future.
Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) hold the potential to cure or alleviate many chronic illnesses, including cancer, but an immense gap exists between the achievement of the goals of stem cell based medicine and the current state of the art. Several stages of development including the following are required:
(1) Routine, standardized, simple protocols for the indefinite growth of HESC in the normal, undifferentiated state, in completely defined medium.(2) Control over differentiation of the cells in (1) to all adult cell types of interest. (3) Control over the maintenance of the differentiated state of derivatives of (1), in sufficient complexity to recreate normal functional histology. (4) Techniques, therapies, and protocols that allow immune tolerance of regenerated tissue, without rendering the human recipient immunodefficient.
Researchers are still struggling with steps 1 and 2. Although claims of feeder cell and animal product-free, long-term, undifferentiated HESC culture have been made, this is not the current state of the art in laboratories. These claims may be fortuitous or true for only a few HESC lines. The public anticipates a quick success of human stem cell technology and application to human disease, but the promise of stem cell therapy requires basic scientific work that is critical, but may not make headlines. Imprudent claims of miraculous cures could dim public enthusiasm. Few if any data exist regarding DNA repair systems or mutation frequencies of HESCs. We propose to investigate mechanisms underlying genetic instability in cultured HESCs. This instability limits HESC research and therapeutic applications. The data generated by this research according to Proposition 71 will be of lasting value to the People of the State of California for the following reasons:
(1) This proposal focuses on a serious, basic difficulty with respect to the growth of undifferentiated HESCs that is a barrier to their human therapeutic use.(2) In the future, if the focus of the stem cell field shifts to the as yet unavailable somatic nuclear transfer (SNT) methods, this proposed research, will provide a basis for the comparison of HESCs and SNT cell lines. (3) All humans begin as embryonic stem cells, therefore data generated by the proposed research will impact maternal health, well baby programs, early childhood development/learning, etc, because mutations are involved in birth defects as well as cancer. Therefore, understanding the causes of mutations in HESCs could assist in avoidance or reduction in birth defects that would aid both the families and the government of California.(5) All of the work described in this proposal will be conducted by individuals in California and most probably will result in the hiring of a graduate of a California institution of higher education, thus reducing unemployment and helping educate a new generation of California researchers in HESC use.
SYNOPSIS: The general goal of this proposal is to compare the efficiency of various DNA repair processes in human ES cell lines to the efficiency of those same processes in human embryonic and somatic fibroblasts. The applicants will use transfection of exogenous DNA templates into these cell lines to specifically examine nucleotide and base excision repair, mismatch repair and double-stranded DNA break repair. In addition they will determine the rates of spontaneous and induced mutations in a marker gene stably propagated on an EBV-derived episome.
SIGNIFICANCE AND INNOVATION: This research rates highly for significance. There is anecdotal evidence that human ES cells grown in vitro display genetic instability, primarily in the form of acquired aneuploidy, and alterations in DNA methylation patterns have also been observed. Since the integrity of various DNA repair pathways in these cells has not been thoroughly investigated, the proposed research has the potential to yield important insights into the mechanisms influencing the genetic stability of hESCs. The genetic stability of these lines is critical to developing strategies to produce the most effective and consistent therapeutic products. While the methodology proposed to assess DNA repair mechanisms is well-established, the innovation comes from the application of these techniques to the study of human ES cultures.
STRENGTHS: There is very little known about the integrity and efficiency of DNA repair processes in ES cells. The experiments proposed here will, therefore, provide valuable new information. The applicants have considerable experience in ES cell culture and have made important contributions to the study of DNA repair and mutagenesis. The overall approach to study the genetic instability of human ESC cultures has high feasibility and is well-designed. The investigator has pilot data demonstrating the feasibility of each of the assay systems proposed for use in the study.
WEAKNESSES: Despite the paucity of work in this important area, the applicants do not make a compelling case that insight into DNA repair processes in ES cells is a pressing issue that will have any immediate or even long-term practical benefit. Acquired aneuploidy may be a problem, but evidence for this is anecdotal rather than quantitative, and it remains to be seen whether it is more severe in ES cells than in any other cell line grown for many passages in vitro. Moreover, it is not evident that aneuploidy would be directly related to any of the repair processes that will be studied under this application.
A key technical concern is that the assays for DNA repair primarily involve transfection of large amounts of exogenous DNA. This raises concerns about whether the efficiency of repair measured on these abundant, exogenous templates quantitatively relates to how effectively the cell processes damage to its own genome. There were two other rather minor weaknesses. First, two of the assays may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect defects in DNA repair if the cultures are not homogeneous in their defects. The investigator may want to determine the sensitivity (using spiking of known defective cells into WT cultures) for the Dual luciferase assay to detect DNA repair capacity using host cell reactivation and the double-strand break assays. These other two assays seem to be more sensitive and quantitative and more likely to be able to detect heterogeneity in the culture. Second, why compare the human ESC lines to what appear to be unrelated somatic cultures (unrelated in terms of not coming from the same donor)? In the absence of being able to obtain somatic cells from the same donor, it seems more reasonable that the investigator differentiate the human ES cells and compare the differentiated cells to the undifferentiated ES cells.
DISCUSSION: Very little is known about DNA repair in hESC, and this experienced investigator proposes a feasible and well-designed approach to investigating these processes. The innovation of this approach is the application of the proposed techniques to address this important question. The major concern is that there is only anecdotal, rather non-compelling evidence for genetic instability in hESC


text:
Greetings Cartographers,
I am a brand new member to this site and I am seeking some insight, knowledge, and/or guidance on creating a map. I am a retired US Marine and currently work as a contractor for the Marine Corps. I am also a full time college student (at least by the VA standards). I have however, found the time to pursue a goal that I have long wanted to achieve, and that is creating a secondary world for a role-playing setting. I have attempted to hand draw maps in the past, and while they were okay for I wanted at the time, they never satisfied me. Especially when I want to know about the world as a whole. I would draw maps that would be appropriate to the setting or story, but then when I wanted to expand thing I would have to try to reverse engineer thing for them to actually make sense. I am trying to make something that is internally consistent as well as dynamic. I came across Fractal Terrains 3 and thought that it might be the answer to what I was looking to do, however, I'm a little disappointed. While it is an amazing tool, some things it does, do not seem to make any sense at all. Specifically, I was not happy with how mountain ranges were distributed. As I was looking for tutorials or information on using the software I came across this sight and found that there was already a lot of information contained here. I will begin by exploring information on the site, but I would certainly be grateful for any direct input that anyone has that would be helpful it getting me moving in the right direction. I look forward to learning from the folks here.
Have a great day....


text:
Can I say that that is extremely well done?!
Is the map in the background a CC2 map texture? Very cool as well!
Do you have any plans to sell that compass rose model? I have an extremely long running campaign that I would love to use it in, and I think I would use it exactly as you have envisioned it. The campaign is a sort of globe spanning treasure hunt so this would be an awesome artifact for the players.
If not, that's cool too, but would you mind if I "borrowed" the picture to show the players?


text:
Women Having Fewer Children Linked to Increase of Multiple Sclerosis CasesDevan McGuinness
A new study came out recently, published in a March online issue of Neurology® – the medical journal from the American Academy of Neurology, which took an interesting look at a link between pregnancies and multiple sclerosis. The research team headed by Anne-Louise Ponsonby, PhD, of Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia compared the number of children a woman has and her risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths around the spinal cord and brain start to break down and can cause a huge range of symptoms. Usual onset of the disease is in young adults and is more common in women and with no known cure at the moment, studies are being funded to try to find ways to reduce onset and risks of developing.
This recent study has looked at the connection of previous pregnancies and the age a woman is when she has her children and her risks for developing multiple sclerosis.
The study was conducted using 282 men and women in Australia between the ages of 18-59 years old who had a first diagnosis of central nervous demyelination. They had not yet been officially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, but they had symptoms and marks consistent with MS. They were then compared to 542 men and women who did not exhibit any symptoms of MS and the researchers recorded the number of pregnancies (lasting at least 20 weeks) for the women and the number of live births and the number of children born to men was also recorded.
The results of the study found that there was no connection between the amount of children and risk for developing symptoms for men,but the results were much different for women. Women who were pregnant 2 or more times had a quarter of the risk of developing MS symptoms and women who had five or more pregnancies had one-twentieth the risk of developing symptoms than women who had never been pregnant. The researchers concluded that:
the findings are consistent with a cumulative beneficial effect of pregnancy. Temporal changes toward an older maternal age of parturition and reduced offspring number may partly underlie the increasing female excess among MS cases over time.
The lead researcher, Ponsonby said that "the rate of MS cases has been increasing in women over the last few decades, and our research suggests that this may be due to mothers having children later in life and having fewer children than they have in past years."
Read more from Devan on Accustomed Chaos & Unspoken Grief
Follow Devan on Facebook and Twitter for all updates!
Want more? Find me on Babble Kids!
Source: Neurology.org
Photo credit: photostock
10 Funny Ways to Tell Your Partner You're Pregnant
How NOT To React To The News Your Lady is Pregnant
10 Things You Should Never Say to a First-time Pregnant Mom-to-be
What Your Baby Name Choice Says About You


text:
Golden Oars
Oars of gold can compose a song.
Drifting, she dreamed all day long.
In time's absence is great presence.
Surrender haunts a heart's essence.
She knew what nothingness knew.
In a symphonic sea, her soul grew.
Fragrant the lapse of heaven's time.
Clouds moving petals of the divine.
Night planting diamonds into dreams.
Roses blooming, constellations unseen.
She stirred her sea with golden beams.
Everything orchestrated in her dreams.
Soft the strings of the lighthouses there.
Light pulling the silver in her long hair.
A gentle fog of boats passing under suns.
The orchestra begins, creation has begun.
Swells of hope in tides of a never before,
Golden oars arranging a universe's score.
Kathy Paysen 2013
- kathy paysen's blog
- Login or register to post comments
- 515 reads


text:
« Breaking News: Wife Swap Heene Family Update | Home | Khloe Kardashian's Marriage Already On The Rocks? »
WifeSwap: Could This Be The Box?
October 15, 2009 02:43 PM by Christine McDow
The Denver Post has released a photo taken by a resident near Fort Collins which shows what MIGHT be the box that Falcon Heene is believed to be in when the hot air balloon took off from his home. Could this be the box that everyone is looking for? So far this is just the first photo that has been turned into the police that was taken of the mysterious incident.
Ryan Tool, Falcon's friend, said that he is feeling jumpy and that he is hoping that his friend is ok. Ryan is planning on helping in the search however he can. According to Ryan, Falcon hadn't said anything to him about the balloons and he had not seen it himself prior to see it on the news.
Be sure you read the rest of our articles on this topic and stay tuned for all Wife Swap and reality news at Reality TV Magazine!
Breaking News: Wife Swap Heene Family Update
WifeSwap: Update on Missing Boy and Heene Family Videos
Breaking News: WifeSwap Boy Missing Over Colorado
Photo credit: Denver Post
Topics: ABC Reality TV Shows, Wife Swap |
« Breaking News: Wife Swap Heene Family Update | Home | Khloe Kardashian's Marriage Already On The Rocks? »