text:
Cardiff University; Cardiff School of History, Archaeology and Religion
Translated by Helen Nicholson; This edition 2009-2010
All the translated material in this document is © Helen Nicholson, 1994-2009. It is intended ONLY for the use of Cardiff University students taking HS1805.
1) Henry II of England pardons the Templars for illegally clearing forest land for farming: issued between 1173 and 22 December 1188.
Henry, by the grace of God king of England, (etc.), greeting.
Know that I have conceded, and by this our charter confirmed, to the Brothers of the knighthood of the Temple at Jerusalem quittance of the assarts [clearances] of the lands listed below, viz: 2000 acres of land in Wales at Garway [Herefordshire]; 40 acres in Shropshire at Botewood [a village which no longer exists]; 10 acres in Oxfordshire at Merton; 7 acres in Northamptonshire at Brandendene; 100 acres in Bedfordshire at Sharnbrook; and 7 acres in Huntingdonshire at Ogerston.
Therefore I wish and firmly command that the aforesaid brothers of the knighthood of the Temple may have the aforesaid lands and hold them freely and quit of [all fines for] assarts. And I forbid that they be troubled or harassed over this, or that anyone should do them violence. Witness: Richard bishop of Winchester, etc.
Source: Records of the Templars in England in the twelfth century: the Inquest of 1185, ed. Beatrice Lees (London, 1935), pp. 142-3: General royal charters, no. 6.
2) Richard I gives the Templars extensive privileges. 6 Oct. 1189.
Richard, by the grace of God king of England, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, counts, barons, justiciars [administrative officials], sheriffs, officials, and all his faithful people, French and English, in the whole of England, greeting.
Know that we have conceded and confirmed to God and the brothers of the knighthood of the Temple of Solomon all donations of lands, people and alms which have been reasonably made to them of churches, goods and worldly possessions. Therefore we wish and firmly command that the aforesaid brothers and their people should have and hold all their possessions and alms with soc[1] and sac[2] , toll[3] and team[4], infangenethef [5] and other liberties and free customs and their quittances[6]; in wood and plain, meadows and pastures, waters and mills, roads and paths, pools and fishponds, marshes and fisheries, granges and copses, within boroughs and outside them, in all places and in all things, freed, free and quit of shires and hundreds[7], and pleas and claims[8] and murders[9] and wapentakes[10] and scutage[11] and geld and Danegeld[12] and hidages[13] and assizes[14] and [free and quit of] castle works and bridge works, and ferdwita[15] and hengawitha[16] and of flemenfrith[17] and of warpeni[18] and of averpeni[19], and blodwita[20] and of fichtwita [21] and of Hundredpeni and of the thethingpeni[22] and quit of all toll and passage[23] and pontage[24] and lastage[25] and stallage[26] and of all secular service and exactions and servile [work], and all other duties and secular customs, except only justice of life and limb.
We have conceded all these things in perpetual alms for the love of God and the soul of Henry the king my father and for my salvation and that of my mother Queen Eleanor and of all my ancestors and successors.
Witnesses: Bishop Hugh of Durham, Bishop Richard of London, Godfrey, bishop-elect of Winchester, Stephen Longchamp, Richard des Préaux the Steward, Guy de Diva the Marshal, Ralph fitz Godfrey. Written at Westminster in the first year of our reign, by the hand of William Longchamp, bishop-elect of Ely, our chancellor.'
Source: Records of the Templars, pp. 139-40, Royal Charters no. 3. This charter is a splendid example of the privileges granted by the English kings to boroughs and to religious orders; the names for the different exemptions are English and date from Saxon times.
3) The Hospitallers were granted similar privileges:
Henry III confirms the possessions of the Hospitallers within his estates and the liberties that they enjoy. 10 February 1227, Westminster.
(Summary) The Hospitallers, their tenements and alms and people are to be free of all pleas and quarrels, toll which should be paid to the king, passage and pontage [tolls], vinage and vectage and all carriage and summage [types of carrying-service] and all work on castles, parks, bridges, fish-ponds, summons to come to the army or to provide horses, aids or pay tallage. They and their people are to be quit of fines for [clearing] waste, regards of the forest [failing to appear at investigations into breaches of the laws covering the royal forest] and assarts. The brothers are to be quit of paying fines and amercements [fines on those found guilty of crimes] and if any of their people ought to lose life or limb for a crime, or flees and will not stand trial, or do something else for which their chattels should be confiscated by the king, and justice is done against them in the king's court, the Hospitallers will receive their chattels. Similarly, if one of their people is assessed by the king or fined for any crime, the amercement will be paid to the brothers. They are not to be impleaded for a crime by anyone except in the king's court or before the royal justiciars. Henry confers on them all liberties and freedoms which royal power can confer on a religious house, except justice of life and limb.
Witnesses: Eustace bishop of London, Jocelin bishop of Bath, Richard bishop of Salisbury, Peter bishop of Winchester, Hubert de Burgh, royal justiciar, Ralph earl of Chester and Lincoln, Richard de Argentun, William de Eyneford, the king's seneschals: Henry de Chapelle, and others.
Source: Cartulaire général de l'ordre des Hospitaliers, ed. J. Delaville le Roulx, no. 1852.
1) The Templars' tenants at Lockeridge, Wiltshire, according to the English Templars' Inquest of 1185.
These are the customs of the people of Lockeridge: each of those who hold one virgate[27] ought to give three stricas[28] at Michaelmas [29 September] and 1d. [one penny] in place of a yearling pig, and three boon-works[29] in autumn with two men to produce food for the brothers. Whoever has five acres owes four hens at the feast of St Martin and three boon-works in autumn with two men to produce food for the brothers. The cotters[30] owe two hens and three boon-works with two men. Whoever holds five acres gives one sheep or 5d. if they do not have a sheep fold. But the people of Lockeridge say that they did not give three stricas nor 5d. nor one sheep nor 1d. in place of a yearling pig before the brothers received them. But this custom began when Osbert of Dover held the bailie [was officer in charge of the area], because of Alured Cat and Serich White.
Source: Records of the Templars, p. 57. The men of Lockeridge are denying that they are serfs or owe servile dues and services to the Templars. Here money payments are acceptable in place of some customary dues in kind; this is the beginning of commutation of servile services.
2) The customary of [Temple] Cressing (Essex).
The heir of Walter Gardiner holds half a virgate of land in Cressing and will give two wardpennies at Hockday and will be quit of one work. At the feast of St Michael [29 September] he will give 2d., and two and a half pence of landgavel [land rent], and at Christmas he will give a halfpenny and at Easter a quarter ad savonem and on the Eve of the Lord's Ascension he will give one round measure of oats, which is called a mina, and two hens; and he will plough three acres of the winter crop and three acres of the summer sowing and for ploughing those acres he will have two loaves and four salt herrings or other food, and in exchange for the said ploughing he will be quit of six works at ploughing time and he will do ten works each month, whenever the commander wishes.... He ought to perform these customs from the feast of St Michael until the feast of St. Peter in chains [1 August] and from the feast of St Peter to the feast of St Michael, seven works each fortnight.
At each boon work without free ale he will reap half an acre of land, and on the second day he will provide two men for one boon work, and on the other day he will provide one man; and he will receive one loaf, at the size provided by the House [of the Temple], and will receive drink and food.
At both boon works which have ale supplied he will reap half an acre, and on the next day he will provide two men and each day he will receive his sustenance as if he were a free man. He will load from the dung heap twenty cart loads as one work, and mow half a field for one work, and at Madscap [?] he will provide one withy every other year.
He ought to come at the summons of the House each Saturday to the granary at Witham or Cressing and he will carry half a load of wheat or a weight the equivalent of half a load to Colchester or Maldon or Chelmsford, and this will not be allocated to him as another work. If it so happens that he does carrying-service on another day in the week this will be reckoned to be the equivalent of one work, and if he does carrying-service to London with one horse, that is between the feast of St Michael and Easter, it will be reckoned to be the equivalent of three works, except on Saturday and Sunday, and if he does carrying-service with one horse between Easter and the feast of St Michael he will be quit of two works, except on Saturday and Sunday.[31]
Whenever the brothers wish he will provide two quarters of oats or a quarter of wheat in place of one work, and he ought to collect a cartload of wood for fencing and erect fences as the equivalent of half a work, and he should provide one man within the village of Witham for collecting nuts and one man at each summons for collecting hay, and he will dig one perch of open land to a depth of five feet and a width of five feet. And if he digs in an old ditch, three virgates[32] is the equivalent of three works. If the brothers wish he will plough at boon work time with ale, half an acre at the winter ploughing and half an acre at the summer ploughing, and he will provide three men for ploughing the whole acre and receive from the brothers food and drink.
In return for pannage[33] he will give 2d. for a yearling pig and for the others who are not a year old he will give according to their age. He ought to bring his pigs to the court of Cressing on St Martin's day and he will have one sow quit [of this payment]. That pannage will be allocated to him in exchange for half a work. He will give at his death his best beast as a heriot. In the same way he ought to pay tallage[34] whenever his master wishes. And he may not marry his daughter nor sell his horse nor any ox he has reared to anyone else without the brothers' permission. He will labour throughout the year except for twelve days at Christmas, four days in Easter week and four days in Pentecost week.
Source: Records of the Templars, pp. 153-4, Essex Charters, no. 9.
1) [Summary] 1233. Bishop Henry of Lebus gives the brothers of the Knighthood of the Temple, to support the land of Jerusalem, the tithes of 200 'manses' [an area of land] in the territory of Castle Zehden, next to the Mizla river, which is uncultivated land. He also gives the tithes of another 200 manses in the confines of Castle Iden, next to the stream of Ruritza, but they are to pay for each of these 1 measure of grain a year to the Church of Lebus: 'since for many times past the Church has had no fruit from the aforesaid places, it prefers to share part with religious people rather than not to get anything because the area is deserted'.
Source: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis, ed. A. F. Riedel (Berlin, 1838-65), vol. 24, p. 1.
2) 29 March 1276, Elbing. Duke Sambor of Pommerelia gives the Teutonic order in Prussia the land of Wenzeke on Mewe.
[Summary] He judges that alms should be given to those who are strenuously occupied in the service of God, in devoted prayers and other spiritual exercises, wearing the belt of knighthood of Jesus Christ. So in honour and reverence of Jesus Christ and His Mother Mary the glorious Virgin and for the remedy of his soul and salvation, he gives, confers and hands over to the hospital, house and brothers of the Teutonic Order, into the hands of Brother Conrad of Tyrberch, master in Prussia, the land of Wenzeke on Mewe. He describes the extent of the land, and gives them rights over all its waters, meadows, pastures, pools, fish, hunting, bridges, mills, islands, tolls, precious metals and saltings and whatever is in or on the land or water, with all rights of usage and all jurisdiction, with no reservations.
A long list of witnesses follows: tweny-four in all, twelve of whom are Teutonic knights.
Source: Pommerellisches Urkundenbuch, ed. M. Perlbach (Gdansk, 1881-1916), pp. 237-8, no. 278.
3) Bishop Hermann of Kammin gives the order of the Temple a privilege over its possessions. 25 August 1285.
[Summary] 'Since we ought to plant and foster holy religion in every way, we never pursue this better than by nurturing those things which are right, and correcting those things which impede the advance of virtue...'
'Therefore, pondering the worship of the divine name and the multifarious and many kinds of services affectionately, devotedly and incessantly shown to us and ours through our beloved in Christ, the commander and brothers of the house of the knighthood of the Temple.. since they ceaselessly give help and effective hospitality everywhere, we indulge to them..' the right to hold all their 'manses', fields both cultivated and uncultivated, pastures, fishing and the rest of their rivers without paying anything except 38 talents of Brandenburg currency to the bishop and 12 talents and 4d. short of 7 shillings to the canons of Kammin each year. He tries to spare the brothers in everything, so that they may be as generous with their alms to the poor as they possibly can, as the Lord inspires them.
Witnesses: Brother Henry, commander of the house of Quartschen, Brother Bernard in Rorek and Brother Hermann, priest there.
Source: Pommersches Urkundenbuch, ed. K. Conrad, R. Prümers et al., 10 vols (Stettin and Cologne, 1868-1984), 2, pp. 569-570, no. 1352.
4) 13 July 1281: Hirshberg. Bernard, duke of Silesia, cedes to the Hospitallers of Striegau 100 manses of land beyond the river of Zachun.
[Summary]. He calls the Hospitallers: 'Crossbearers of St John', and gives this gift 'out of reverence for God and in acknowledgement of the devotion and loyalty with which the brothers serve Christ Jesus with unceasing service. The Lord, who provides for His whole Church, has raised up the brothers of the said order as a tower of strength against the profaners and blasphemers against the orthodox faith.'
Source: Cartulaire général de l'ordre des Hospitaliers, ed. Delaville le Roulx, no. 3762.
5) 13 November 1291: An agreement between the Templars of Poland and the bishop of Posen.
[Summary] Bernard of Eberstein, commander of the houses of the knighthood of the Temple in Poland, Slavia and Neuland and master of the court [house] of Quartschen (now Chwarszczany, Poland), with his brothers, comes to an agreement with John, bishop of Posen, over the church dues which should be paid by the colonists in the land of Tempelburg, which is around the lake called Drawiczka, 'which the illustrious prince lord Przemisl, duke of Kalisien, conferred on our house in support of the land of Jerusalem, for his soul and in remedy of his predecessors' souls...'
This village is now to come under the authority of the bishop of Posen. Twelve years after each village is founded, each manse is to pay one shilling of Brandenburg currency in tithe each year to the bishop and his church. The land which the order cultivates with its own labour and at its own expense will pay no tithe.
Present: 'Our brothers lord Henry, a brother called "of Bletkendorph", brother Frederick called "Blach", brother Albert master of the court in Krona.'
Source: Pommersches Urkundenbuch, vol. 2, pp. 140-1, no. 1596.
6) The Templars issue a resettlement charter at Castelldans, Aragon.
In name of the supreme God who is triune and one, Amen. I, Peter de Cartila, and I, Frevol, and I, Aimery, and I, William de Tavernos, and all we brothers together give our inheritance which we have in Castelldans, except our demense[35] which we retain, to you Girbert and to you Bernad Ferrer; so that you may colonise it to the honour of God and the Temple, and such is the agreement between us and you that you, Girbert, may have and hold two pareladas[36] of land and a tower with the tithe and first-fruits[37] which you pay, and you, Bernad Ferrer, similarly two pareladas with your tower, paying tithe and first-fruits. We give and concede this to you and your sons and your posterity. But the other colonisers which you will cause to colonise the land to the honour of God and the Temple will pay us tithes and first-fruits and for each parelada they will pay each year one leg of pork worth twelve pence and four unleavened loaves and one day's work at sowing; and for each parelada which they colonise we give six measures[38] of cervera in guarantee of the land.
This charter was issued 25 August 1151, when King Louis [VII of France] was reigning. + Sign of Peter de Cartila. + Sign of Lord Frevol. + Sign of William de Tavernos. Peter wrote it and made this sign. +
Source: Alan Forey, The Templars in the Corona de Aragón (London, 1973), pp. 368-9.
1) King Henry III of England sends instructions that the Hospitallers' mill on the River Liffey, Dublin, is to be demolished.
The king to the justiciar of Ireland, greetings. The worthy people of our city of Dublin give us to understand that whereas the city of Dublin is accustomed always to having the water of the Liffey unencumbered so that shipping and necessary supplies may go back and forth and up and down to the city and the citizens and other worthy people may fish in that water without impediment; the prior and brothers of the Hospital of Kilmainham have erected and built a certain millpond in the aforesaid river whence the city and citizens are very much damaged and their fishing and that of others is completely destroyed because the fish cannot go up the river because of the pool and neither can their ships and boats cross back and forth as they were accustomed to do in times of old. And so we instruct and firmly command you that by the faith which holds you to us you have that river and pool inspected without delay by worthy and lawful men of the neighbourhood of Dublin and others who are not from the city of Dublin, by as many as seems expedient, and have the matter amended at once and the pool made smaller and reduced so that ships and boats may cross safely and without impediment with all kinds of supplies, stones and wood, back and forth and up and down to the city, and so that the fish may swim back and forth in the water to our fisheries and those of our faithful people. Witness: Henry, etc. 10 October, Westminster.
Source: J. T. Gilbert, ed., Historic and Municipal Documents of Ireland, AD 1172-1320, Rolls Series 53 (London, 1870), pp. 75-6.
2) King Henry III to the archbishop of Dublin and the justiciar of Ireland, 8 August 1223.
The king to the archbishop of Dublin and justiciar of Ireland, greeting.
Our worthy people of Dublin have revealed to us with grave complaints that they have suffered much expense and damage from a certain mill which the brothers of the Hospital of Kilmainham have erected to the harm of our city of Dublin and through a millpond which they built across the water of the Liffey, so that ships do not have free entry and exit with merchandise to our city of Dublin and the fish cannot go up or down towards the said city of Dublin without impediment, as they used to do. Therefore, we ordered Geoffrey Marsh, while he was justiciar of Ireland, that he return the mill and pool and other things erected to the harm of our city of Dublin and to the damage of our said people to the state that they were in at the departure of the lord king John our father from Ireland; and, taking with him discreet and lawful knights and freeholders and others from the parts of Ireland, he have the course of the River Liffey returned to the width that it ought and is accustomed to be, so that ships with merchandise should have the means of entry and exit to our city of Dublin and that the fish in it should be able to go up to the aforesaid town without impediment and go down, as they used to do.
However, because the same Geoffrey did not execute our mandate, we instruct you and firmly enjoin on you that, by the faith by which you are held to us, you do not differ doing all the aforesaid things, checking whether is is true that these things were erected in prejudice to our dignity and harm to our city of Dublin, and the expense and damage of our said people. Deal with these things in such a way that no further complaint should come to our ears on the subject. Witness, etc., Henry at the Tower of London, 8 August.
Source: J. T. Gilbert, Historic and Municipal Documents of Ireland, pp. 79-80. On the Hospitallers' mill on the Liffey see also A.E.J. West, 'Fisheries of the River Liffey', in Medieval Dublin: The Living City, ed. Howard Clarke (Dublin, 1990), pp. 182-191 and notes pp. 227-9.
3) Arnold de Périgord, master of the Temple, and Guérin, master of the Hospital, conclude an accord on the waters and mills of the Nahr Kurdaneh (River Belus) at Acre. 25 May 1235, at Acre.
[Summary]. This dispute was over the river water and the mills on the river which flows down from Recordane through Acre [the Belus or Nahr Kurdaneh]. It had been a long quarrel, finally settled by the mediation of good men.
a) The Templars can hold back the water [with sluices] above their mills until it rises to the mark on the Hospital's mill. It can only run higher than this with the Hospitallers' permission.
If the water rises above the mark, it must be corrected at once on the Hospital's request; unless it rises because of the weather.
b) The master of the Hospital and the brothers promise not to hold back the river water to the damage of the Templars nor let it go in a single rush to damage the house of the Temple.
c) Both houses may bring their boats up from Acre to the sluice of the Templars' mill. Here the Hospital may unload what they have brought here and load their boats again above the sluice and come and go freely to their own mill. They may have 1 boat above and 1 boat below the sluice and can have more, but if they damage the sluice they must repair the damage.
d) Neither house should do anything to impede the boats on the river.
e) The Temple may raise the banks on the Hospital's land if they are not high enough, but only to the said mark.
Witnesses: Hugh, archbishop of Nazareth, Ralph, bishop of Acre, and the nobleman Odo, constable of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
Source: Cartulaire général de l'ordre des Hospitaliers, ed. Delaville le Roulx, no. 2117.
[The Hospital and the Temple each owned a large mill on the river Belus, upstream of Acre. The Hospital's mill was at Kurdana (or Recordane) upstream of the Temple's, at Doc. This is low-lying, marshy land, with little head of water, so both mills had horizontal wheels which could make best use of the small 'head'. The Templars had been allowing the level of the water in their millpond to build up so high that the wheels on the Hospital's mill could not turn. In retaliation, the Hospitallers had closed their sluices, allowed the water level to build up, and then released an enormous quantity of water, which rushed down the river and smashed the Templars' mill wheels. A picture of the ruins of the Templars' mill can be seen in J. Riley-Smith, Hospitallers, p. 43, and in Denys Pringle, Secular Buildings of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Until recently it was believed that this was the Hospitallers' mill, but recent archaeological survey work has revealed the ruins of the Hospitallers' mill further upstream.]
4. The Templars' mills at Withyfleet, Southwark, in 1308-9
[Historians have commented on the poor state of the Templars' mills in England at the time of the brothers' arrest in January 1308; this has been put down to the decline of the order after the loss of Acre in 1291. However, the documents which follow offer another explanation: flooding caused by bad weather, with consequent damage to the mills. These two texts were transcribed as part of my research project 'The Trial of the Templars in the British Isles', funded in 2003-4 by a British Academy/Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellowship .]
Inventory recorded at Guildford of the Templars' property at Withyfleet, Southwark.
The master and brothers had at Southwark a place called Withyfleet and in the same place are five mills, two worth four pounds a year, two worth three pounds and the fifth is worth twenty shillings [i.e., one pound]. There is also a garden worth forty shillings a year. They had in the archbishop of Canterbury's marsh three [illegible] worth four shillings a year and an acre of meadow worth four shillings a year and an acre of arable land worth twelve pence.
The goods and chattels of the place came into the hands of John Danbroun, viz.: 7 boats (price illegible), a chalice worth 41 shillings, a missal worth forty pence, a gradual (price illegible), a breviary worth 12 pence, one pair of vestments worth four shillings, a brass pot worth four shillings, a platter worth twelve shillings, a ewer worth eighteen pence (i.e. one shilling and sixpence), a cockerel worth a penny and five hens worth seven pence.
[Source: The National Archives: Public Record Office, E 142/15, fol. G4: King's Remembrancer: enrolled inquisitions of forfeited lands: extents and inquisitions of the Templars' lands and goods, 1308-9, Surrey and Sussex.]
Robert Tusk, custodian of the Templar manor of Lilleston in the county of Middlesex, is instructed to hand over to William de Montacute, the king's custodian of the Templar mills of Withyfleet next to the Thames, 20 oaks from Lilleston wood for repairing and improving the mills there which, as the king understands, have been broken and ruined by the inundation of the water of the Thames. Witness J. de Sandale lieutenant. Tuesday 10 June 1309.
[Source: The National Archives: Public Record Office E 368/79, fol. 111 dorse: Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer, Memoranda Rolls, 2 Edw. 11 (1308-9), non-returnable writs of Hilary term.]
Commercial rights
1) These are the complaints of the bourgeois of Provins about the treatment they have received from the Templars, contrary to the usages and customs of Provins. (Addressed to Theobald, count of Champagne).
Sir, we are showing you the wrongs that have been done to us as you are our earthly lord to whom we have recourse, for we have no recourse to anyone except to you. So, sir, we beg you for the sake of God that you help us so that we can live under your authority in the same way that we and ours have lived under your ancestors in the past.
Sir, the freedoms of Provins are such that in exchange for a payment of 1d. on Tuesdays when the market is at Provins the bourgeois are quit of paying toll on everything they buy and sell of anything to do with drapery in any place where they buy or sell in Provins.
Sir, we are accustomed and ought to have the right to weigh the wool; each person who can and wishes to, may weigh it in their house, and weigh it freely, without opposition. The weighers who weigh the wool are appointed by the bourgeois of Provins and are on oath; and if the bourgeois notice that the weighers are cheating they remove them and put in others.
Sir, what is more, in the three fairs which there are at Provins, that is to say the May fair, St Ayoul's fair and St Martin's fair, we are free of all tonnage [toll on weight of goods] for the first seven days of each of these fairs.
Sir, what is more, we have the following freedoms: if we have bought wool in some abbey, and it has been delivered to us and comes at our risk, we pay no toll. But we have been forced to pay, sir, so that we tell you that we have never since been able to get wool from the abbeys but they take it to Chalons and elsewhere, sir, and we have suffered great loss. The people in the abbeys tell us why: because when they sell their wool at Provins, wool which is still at their abbeys or still to be sheared, they shouldn't pay tonnage on it, or pesage, nor any other customs duty, and never have done, and for this reason they are taking their wool elsewhere, and have left the trade of Provins because they are being forced to pay pesage and tonnage.
Sir, we have complained several times about this, and Lord Lorant has been ordered to look into it, and we believe, sir, that the investigation was made, and if nothing was discovered, we beg you to command that it be made again. Sir, as it was your pleasure that we inform you, we wish to beg you [to do this] as you are our supreme lord, and we can have recourse to no one else but you.
Sir, we know truly that if you knew the great damage which you are suffering here from loss of rents, from your ovens, your mills, your fabric manufacturers and your other factories which you have at Provins, and the great damage which your bourgeois are suffering, which is also damage to you, for what your bourgeois have is also yours, and they cannot suffer damage without affecting you. Sir, even the wool which the merchants used to bring they now bring nothing, and the little which they do bring us is so expensive that we can't make any profit on it, so that the drapery industry in the town is in decline because of the lack of wool merchants coming from the abbeys, and they don't come because they can't enjoy the practices which they are used to.
& Sir, we have held all the liberties which are recorded above from ancient times and enjoyed them in peace, and our lord your father, whom God absolve! confirmed them to us in his charter. Sir, for God's sake help us, because we have been suffering this in a daily basis for a good nine years or more before your people's very eyes and suffering losses in our businesses.
Source: Victor Carričre, L'histoire et Cartulaire des Templiers de Provins (Paris, 1919), pp. 152-4, no. 148. The Templars had been given rights of levying certain tolls on produce entering Provins. It appears that they were exploiting these rights far beyond what was granted.
Shipping [Summaries]
1) 18 July, 1269. Lucera. Charles I of Anjou, King of Naples, instructs his 'secretus'[39] of Apulia that he is to authorize Brother Peter of Nicastro, prior of the Hospital at Barletta, to export wheat, barley and vegetables from the ports of Apulia to Acre, for the brothers, household and poor of the Hospital. The secretus is to first get guarantees from the prior that none of the food will be sold to the Christians' enemies, and he is to get a report on the unloading of the ship from the patriarch of Jerusalem and the masters of the Hospital, Temple and Teutonic order at Acre as well as from Geoffrey of Sargines, seneschal in the kingdom of Jerusalem.
Source: Cartulaire générale de l'ordre des Hospitaliers, ed. Delaville le Roulx, no. 3360.
2) 10 August, 1269. Lucera. Charles I of Anjou, etc., orders the masters of the ports of Barletta to allow the Hospital's ships to leave the port, provided the prior gives a guarantee that the ships will return to port before next April.
Source: ibid., no. 3362.
3) 30 June 1268-9. For the commander of the house of the Temple in Sicily.
At the commander's request, Charles I of Anjou, king of Naples, has instructed Matthew Rafolo, secretus and master of the ports of Apulia, to allow the commander's procurator to export from the ports of Apulia 1500 'salmas'[40] of oats and 1000 salmas of barley from the lands belonging to the order, to be taken to Acre. But he is to check that it does come from the order's lands.
Source: I Registri della chancelleria Angioina, ricostruiti da R. Filangieri (Naples, 1950, to present), vol. 2 no. 473, p. 124.
4) Charles I of Anjou to Nicholas Frecze, master of the ports and procurator of Apulia. He is to permit Brother Arnulf of the Knighthood of the Temple to export 1000 salmas of oats and 1000 of barley to carry overseas in the order's ships to Acre for the sustenance of the confrčres, household and horses of the house who dwell there to support the Holy Land.
Source: ibid., vol. 11 (1273-77), no. 145. p. 122.
5) Charles I of Anjou to his secretus; he has written before to Landulf de Aufier, knight, secretus of Apulia, informing him that he has already written to him and Maurus Freczanus, who held the office together and informed him that at the request of Brother Henry, procurator of the holy house of the Teutonic order of St Mary in Apulia he had decided to give him permission to export 1500 salmas of oats and the same of barley from the port of Baroli or Manfredonia, to be carried to Acre. They have not carried out this order, in manifest prejudice to the house. He instructs the secretus to allow this export, except of foodstuffs which are specially for Charles' court, for his own travels and for the island of Malta for the provisioning of the castle on that island.
Source: ibid., vol. 27 (1283-5), no. 62, p. 386.
1) Engagement by Bérenger Raoul to Guiral de Mercadial, to the Knights of the Temple and to Ug du Teron, of a field of the mas of Saint-Grégoire. 1164: Rouergue.
[Summary] Bérenguer is pledging a field in return for a loan of 300 sous of Megueil, and if the money depreciates he must pay one mark of good silver for each 50 sous.
He makes this pledge to Guiral, the Templars, and Ug de Teron and his wife and children and all the men they wish. He wants them to have full rights over the field and enjoy all its produce.
His relatives guarantee this pledge. Guiral and the others will hold the pledge until they have had two crops off the field. The term of the loan will end on St Andrew's day, and if they have a crop, fallow or manuring on the field then they must clear this. If when Berenguer takes it back there is fallow, corn or manure on the field he may only take one quarter of this at harvest time.
Source: Les plus anciennes Chartes en Langue Provençale, ed. Clovis Brunel, 2 vols (Paris, 1926-52), no. 103.
2) Pledge by Raimon Ricart of Cornus and others of the half-mas [a farm] of Bezet to the Brothers of the Temple. c.1170, Rouergue.
[Summary] They pledge it by name to Elias, master of the house of the Temple of St Eulalia, in return for 100 sous of Melgueil paid to Ricart, nephew of Raimon, and 100 sous to Raimon. If money depreciates in value, then they must give a silver mark for each 48 sous 'in love' until the Templars have been repaid in full. The produce from the land does not count towards the payment of the debt. The term of the debt ends at Easter.
Source: Les plus anciennes Chartes, ed. Brunel, no. 125.
3) Engagement by Raymond Astruge and his son Peter of their garden and house at Cambon to the Brothers of the Temple. 1183, Albigeois.
[Summary] The garden is in front of the gate of the knighthood's house, and the gate of Raymond's house. Raymond and his son give it to the Templars until he has repaid 30 sous Melgueil, which must be paid at Easter in 2 years' time.
Any disputes over this debt are to be settled by Lord Bertran de Paulin.
This was given into the hand of Peter de Cabannas, master of the bailiwick of Albejes.
Source: Les plus anciennes Chartes, ed. Brunel, no. 204.
[1] jurisdiction and profits thereof.
[2] jurisdiction in matters of dispute
[3] Import duty.
[4] The right of compelling a person in whose hands stolen goods were found to name the person from whom the goods were received
[5] The right to try and to hang criminals caught within their own lands
[6] I.e., pardons for clearing land and other offences, as in no. 1 above.
[7] I.e., free of the duty of attending shire and hundred courts. The hundred was a division of a shire.
[8] Presumably they are exempt from fines for not attending court when it is trying such cases.
[9] Exemption from paying murdrum, a fine on the local community when an unexplained death occurs.
[10] The duty to appear in the wapentake court (the equivalent of the hundred court in the Danelaw). The Templars need not attend nor pay a fine for non-attendance.
[11] Shield-tax; levied by the king in time of war, in place of the duty to perform military service for the king.
[12] Geld and Danegeld were direct taxes.
[13] A payment in lieu of amercements (now called fines) payable in the hundred court; OR hide-geld, a payment on an area of land.
[14] Assizes were legal proceedings before royal judges who toured the realm; and also a tax levied on a shire.
[15] Fine for not joining the fyrd, or feudal levy.
[16] Fine for wrongfully hanging a thief.
[17] Fine for harbouring fugitives.
[18] Payment in lieu of watch and ward, originally a policing duty.
[19] Payment in lieu of carrying-service.
[20] Fine for bloodshed.
[21] Fine for fighting.
[22] Presumably a payment to the hundred court or to the tithing - or to be exempt from membership of a tithing (the frankpledge system, whereby every male over the age of twelve is a member of a group called a tithing, who are responsible for each other keeping the law).
[23] A toll on road travel.
[24] Toll for crossing a bridge.
[25] Duty payable on a ship's lading.
[26] Payment for the right to have a market stall at a fair or market.
[27] A 'yardland', a measure of area, usually of 20 to 30 acres (8 to 12 hectares). A virgate was around half a carrucate, or plough land, which was the area which could be ploughed by one eight-ox team.
[28] A measure of grain, the equivalent of four and a half bushels. A bushel was the eight gallons of dry volume; so a strica was thirty-six gallons of dry volume. (This would be around 160 litres of dry volume.)
[29] Unpaid labour done in place of rent; as this was done in autumn it was probably to help get in the harvest. Sometimes drink and food were provided: see below, the Customary of Cressing.
[30] Hold a cottage and a small area of land attached to it.
[31]Note that carrying-service is worth more in winter (between the end of September and Easter) than in summer (between Easter and September).
[32] Sixty to ninety acres.
[33] The right to pasture pigs in the woodland.
[34] An arbitrary exaction by the lord, limited only by custom.
[35] The land farmed directly by the lord, and not let out to tenants.
[36] An area of land.
[37] A due paid to the Church from the harvest.
[38] Modios. A Modius sometimes means eight gallons, but presumably not in this case.
[39] A royal official, the king's personal representative.
[40] A horse-load.
Back to the course handbook
This page was created on 7 November 2006 by Dr H. J. Nicholson, revised 10 September 2010, and is valid until September 2011.


text:
T.I. recently addressed Justin Bieber and the singer's unearthed recordings, which feature the star as a teenager using the n-word and making racist remarks.
"Every man is held accountable for his actions and his words spoken," T.I. says in an interview with MTV. "However, I also think we should take into account the time in which this happened and the age of the person when it happened...I think that he definitely has to answer to it. He definitely has some explaining to do. But I think everybody that heard it has to allow him that opportunity. You can't already convict somebody before they come forth with their rebuttal or their explanation. I think that is pivotal."
Beyond Bieber, T.I. also addressed Azalea Banks, who he's been feuding with because the rapper mocked T.I.'s wife's appearance.
In the clip, T.I. compares Azalea Banks to a person that is drowning. "It's just like when you see a person out in the middle fo the ocean driving," he says. "They have no real strategy, no real application of skill to get them through this situation...until they eventually drown."
On June 17, T.I. said the following about Banks.
"U musty-mouthed-thot-bot-bad-body-syphilis-lipped-rectum-vomit-unimportant-ugggggly-monstrosity-of-a-maggot-ass BIIIIIIIITCCHHHH!!!!!! If u speak ill of my family again..... I WILL END YOU!!!!!! #OnPHIL #OnDOE #NoBuuulllshit people fall down stairs daily.... U better watch yo step,u ungly-ass Gremlin-baby #nerveofdisCretin #fuckouttahea," T.I. said in an Instagram post.
Banks responded by saying T.I.'s wife has "meth mouth" and is a "busted bumpkin."
Get More: Music News
RELATED: T.I. Explains Calling Azealia Banks "Musty-Mouthed Thot"

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Two Sense
Splitting the Bill: The Ultimate Turnoff
I recently asked a woman out to dinner on a first date. I normally pay for the first several dates, especially if I've done the inviting. We went to Prospect, which I thought was classy and upscale without being too over-the-top (e.g. Gary Danko, etc.). But after cocktails, starters, entrees, wine, and dessert, it turned out to be the most expensive first date I'd ever been on. She offered to split the bill when it came, and I succumbed and let her. But then I called for a second date and I'm getting crickets. Mistake?
Two Sense: Can I Have My Cake and Eat It, Too?
I'm in my mid-20s and recently hit it off with a 30-something guy at a bar. He's finalizing a divorce and has a couple of kids; I've been contemplating a break from my three-year boyfriend. He advised me to leave while I'm young, as he knew his marriage was a mistake from the beginning. We've been texting, hanging out, and we've kissed. He's enjoying the single life and acts like a guy in his 20s: last-minute plans, indecisiveness. But sometimes I think he wants more than friendship or booty because he'll act chivalrous, hold my hand, and say certain things. For my part, I don't have the heart/strength to break it off with my boyfriend right now, yet I'm flirting with this man because I've never really dated much. I've either been totally single or in a relationship.
Two Sense: My Boyfriend Goes Radio Silent During the Week
My boyfriend and I have been dating for almost a year and a half and although we have really intimate talks, I feel like I don't know him. He's told me he loves me, confessed he's cheated on every girlfriend he's ever had, but says he feel differently about me. He's thoughtful, buys me gifts, and plans romantic weekends, but I often can't get a hold of him during the week. I'll call and leave a message and then get a short text response an hour or two later. When we're together, I feel like everything is fine, but when we're apart, I'm not sure. I don't know how much of my suspicion that he may be seeing someone else is a projection and how much is common sense.
Two Sense: Should a Guy Kiss and Tell?
A couple of years ago I hooked up with and dated a cute, sexy, and smart girl who seemed really cool at first but over time started some nasty fights with me, so I stopped going out with her. Recently I heard that a friend of mine is dating her and it sounds serious. I'm torn about telling him that I dated her. On the one hand it's none of my business whom he dates, but on the other what do I say if he introduces me to her? I'm also worried because she might drop my name during a fight with him in a way that would make it hard for he and I to remain friends.
Are Straight Girls a Buzz Kill at Gay Bars?
As a gay man, I've noticed that a lot of the younger guys have started bringing their gal pals along to clubs. At Trigger some nights, there are as many straight girls as gay guys. That's fine, but it can also be a "c*ck block." Guys don't hook up for fear of abandoning their pals. Also, more straight guys have been showing up, swift on the tail of the cute girls. Mistaking a straight guy for gay is a real mood killer. What to do?
How Long Should I Stay at His Place After a Casual Hookup?
From a man's point of view, how long should I stay at his place after a casual hookup or one-night stand? What goes through his head if I get up and go right away versus wait an hour or so versus leave in the morning? Does it actually matter?
Is it Inappropriate to Throw a Bachelor Party for Your Second Marriage?
My girlfriend and I recently got engaged, and all my guy friends—especially the married ones with kids—are talking about throwing me a bachelor party in Vegas. This is my second marriage, and I feel like it's inappropriate to throw a (second) big bachelor party. What do you think?
Is It Wrong to Not Wear Your Wedding Ring?
I've been married two years and my husband always "forgets" to wear his wedding ring. He takes it off to exercise or cook and then just leaves it off. He admits he doesn't like wearing it because he isn't a "jewelry guy," and it bugs his finger. Naturally, I don't like this one little bit. What do I do?
How Many Lovers is Too Many?
I've been dating a girl, and it's starting to get serious, but I have long-term doubts because— here goes—she's had too many lovers. I expect a woman to have had 15 or 20 or maybe even 25 lovers by the time she reaches her mid-30s, but this girl has had twice that, and while my rational side understands the math, some part of my lower brain finds it hard to trust her.
Should I Wait for My Boyfriend While He Goes to Grad School?
I've been dating my boyfriend for over two years and living with him for one. He's going to grad school in the fall and he wants to try a long-distance relationship. At 30, I don't know if I'm willing to wait another two years. How can a long-distance relationship work after we've lived together? How can I control myself so that I don't turn into a jealous girlfriend who's constantly worrying that her man is looking at 20-year-old undergrads? He tells me he isn't ready to propose and needs to finish school. But it doesn't seem fair to wait around at my age.
—30 and Ready in SoMa


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Young Hollywood's Tattoo Obsession - Gone Too Far?kellidaisy
Rihanna has some new body art to show off, adding to her already large body' of work. The music star was seen with a new tattoo that reads, rebelle fleur' on her neck, meaning rebellious flower'. Although with most of young Hollywood hitting the tattoo parlour as often as the gym, there doesn't seem to be too much 'rebellious' about it! This definitely isn't something new for Rihanna, who back in January revealed on the Ellen DeGeneres Show that she then had "approximately 13" tattoos. And Riri's not the only young Hollywood player who seems to enjoy getting inked.
Britney Spears, Lindsay Lohan, Megan Fox, Pink and even Justin Bieber are all members of the tattoo club, but is this just a fad? Are these stars going to regret their ink as they get older? These aren't just little tattoos hidden in the smalls of their backs either some of these people have large tattoos across their arms, and now, their necks!
Prior to serving her jail sentence, Lindsay Lohan can be seen sporting the outline of a new tattoo of an innocent little angel girl' on the inside of her upper arm. Pop star Pink has tattoos across her entire body, which looks great now that she is young and fit, but I wonder if she will still like them when she is older and gravity starts to take its toll?
I'm not against tattoos, I have one myself, but I wonder if young Hollywood is taking this tattoo craze a little too far? Do you think these stars are going to regret their body art when they're older?
Source: USMagazine


text:
The Drum Monday January 27
Tonight: the Government's plan to expand Work For The Dole; a monarchist group claims a vote to recognise Aborigines in the Constitution could lead to violence and the debate over shark culling intensifies, after the first kill in WA waters.
The panel tonight: former NSW Liberal Leader Kerry Chikarovski, News Limited National Economics Editor Jessica Irvine and Simon Banks from Hawker Britton.
Source: The Drum | Duration: 43min 12sec
Topics: government-and-politics, australia


text:
RM News
Get Festival Cool
Wednesday, March 13, 2013
Festival season is upon us: SXSW Music is in full swing and Coachella is just a month away. From comfortable sandals to chic cross-body bags, Rebecca rounded up her favorite picks to make sure you look concert-ready.
Check out our Festival Style Shop to see more.


text:
Talib Kweli's made a name for himself by carving out what was coined as "conscious rap." On his latest mixtape effort "Right About Now," released by Koch and Blacksmith, Kweli displays his trademark flow with more confidence than ever. Much like he's done with Blackstar and Reflection Eternal, Kweli manages to create interesting, inspirational and socially aware music. Once again going the independent route, Talib gets some help from friends and bangs out an LP to show people he hasn't lost his touch.
Lyrically, Kweli has always been strong. On "Roll Off Me," and "Flash Gordon," Kweli shows that hasn't changed a bit. Using similes and metaphors that few can match, the BK Emcee flows through the drums with conviction. On the solo-tip, Kweli holds his own. Specifically, "Right About Now" and "Two & Two" show Kweli's versatile style. On this album he goes from socially conscious story teller to romantic gentleman. One highlight on the CD is "Ms. Hill," an open letter to The Miseducated One: Lauryn Hill. Here, the emcee pleads for a return from Ms. Hill and sends out love and affection (with great detail), to the singer all over a wonderfully sped-up sample.
With help from long-time comrade Mos Def, he gives a glimpse of the Blackstar reunion fans have been waiting for on "Supreme (Side to Side)." Using an effortlessly ill flow, Mos Def provides powerful verses. Kweli matches it word-for-word as they trade lines and combine to become a powerful duo, proving the chemistry has not been lost between these two emcees.
Mos ain't the only guest, though. Jean Grae makes her Blacksmith debut on "Where Ya Gonna Run." Over a compelling soulful sample, Grae and Talib discuss plans of moving up in the game. Strong Arm Steady representatives and Planet Asia give the album some nice West coast flavor on "Drugs, Basketball & Rap." Up-and-coming emcee Papoose drops a rhyme on "The Beast" claiming he's deep and begging others to "abolish cause [they] ignant." Among these underground sensations, MF Doom drops a verse on "Fly That Knot" full of his customary lines and unique style over some fresh horns.
Fresh is a nice way to describe the production here. "Right About Now" is a great concoction of funk and rock perfect for Kweli's trip down memory lane. "Flash Gordon," and "Where Ya Gonna Run" supply a nice smooth and soulful rhythm to the album. While Kweli shows he can rap over up-tempo beats like "Supreme," and "Fly That Knot," he's better when being meditative over soothing beats. Still, his growth is noticeable and it's nice to hear variety in his production so there aren't too many weaknesses aside from the dreadful "Who Got It."
Some may think his step back into the independent world is a downgrade. On "Right About Now," Kweli seems to be free of anxiety, and free of any pressure from the label. Granted, there are still some flaws, but overall, it just seems like he's happier and ready to bring some illness into the rap world. Hearing him with Mos, and anticipating further work with Grae and Doom, Talib Kweli could just be getting started. (Oh, and if he ever gets a collaboration with Ms. Hill, that'd be dope, too.) This mixtape is a taste of what's to come from Talib.


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Sometimes I will get in my biking clothes, shoes etc. and just go for a short 10 mile bike ride. Does anyone think that is just to short a ride to bother with ?
Sometimes I will get in my biking clothes, shoes etc. and just go for a short 10 mile bike ride. Does anyone think that is just to short a ride to bother with ?
Anytime I can be on my bike it is worth it. I would think that any ride that is in excess of 30 minutes would be considered "worth it" as a part of your physical exercise regimen.
I agree, any time you can ride and for any distance is what counts. There are too many on this forum who think if you can't do a century then what good is it to ride?
One more thought, Litespeed, my wife and I decided to make it a long, car-less weekend. I went to the grocery store a couple of times - only a three mile round trip. We went out to dinner twice - less than 10 miles for each trip. Somehow, I feel that all of these trips were worth it.
Ten miles is about as long as I ever ride. Beyond that, it is usually more convenient to drive there. Maybe you should buy a backup bike that does not require changing clothes and use it only for short trips?
My typical week day ride is ten miles. Longer might be nicer, but there often isn't time. It still feels like I've exercised, stretched out, worked the heart and lungs, etc. Of course, my longest ride is still only 32 miles. One thing I like to remind myself is that every ten mile ride is an hour LESS TV, given the time it takes to put on the shoes, fill the water, take the ride, put the bike away, etc. that I'd probably have been watching. So yes, ten miles is definately worth it!
2015 Sirrus Elite
2012 Masi Evoluzione
Proud member of the original Club Tombay
This is just for me-I love to ride but I need 20-25 miles minimum to make it worthwhile.
If it's a long climb and you're out on the bike for at least an hour then it might be. If it's just flat to rolling, the only time I do that is to get some blood going in the legs for an upcoming event.
I ride 5-10 miles each morning before work, sure I'd like to ride longer, but that's all the time I have, and I definitely get a workout.
Like others, I take a 10 mile ride most mornings. It's my morning excersize. It has made a big difference in my being able to take longer rides. Perhaps if you are already in great shape a 10 mile ride can help you to maintain. Takes me about 38-40 minutes depending upon me or the lights.
Not sure of your Q?Originally Posted by Litespeed
a? is it worth doing 10 miles?
b? is it worth 'suiting up' for a 10 mile ride?
b) 1st... if I;m goin shoppin or to the library itz only about 8 miles RT, I generally wear comfy shorts with pockets, for convenience... makes for more room in the bags for carryin stuff. Livin on the CA central coast means I get to wear shorts year-round and with some layers for tops in the winter.
a) is 10 miles worth doin? as exercise and anything else goes? my wife is coming back into cycling after a LONG hiatus and after considerable weight gain. Used to be she would ride 40-50 mile rides with me through some very hilly country - but that was back when. I distinctly remember the day/ride when she was 4 1/2 months pregnant with our 1st child; Irene finally announced she was no longer doin the long distances cause the top tube of her bike was irritating her belly after about 25 miles. But that was back some 24 years ago.
My own re-entry of about a year ago has finally spurred her to also get back 'in'. Its been about 2 months, and she started with 5 - 6 milers and was quite sore. She's now up to 15 milers and not as sore.
She now does a number of trips on her own to some local group meetings she attends. Otherwise I ride with her whenever I can talk her into one. We try to ride at least 3x a week.
ridin - even if we only get to do 3 miles cause of time or whatever - its always worth it.
the only reason it might not be worth worth ridin, are those times when I need a good walk or hike...
Exactly why I have two road bikes. I hate the time getting "suited up" for a short ride. One bike has all the doodads - clipless, etc., and cost a lot of money. The other I call my utility roadie, which I got new on EBay for $285. It has a rack and a pannier, toe clips w/platforms, etc. I ride this on short rides (like up to 20 miles) when I just want to jump on and go, using whatever shorts I am wearing at the time and whatever tennies or sandals I have on.Originally Posted by Litespeed
Just came back from 17 miles in exactly that fashion. I also use this for trips to the store, etc., and can put two panniers on if desired and I have a fold-up back pack I store in the panniers, so I can carry a lot if I want.
Incidentally, I got two very nice brand new but older (1992) Blackburn front Panniers for $17 on EBay recently. They are great - well constructed. I put them on the back rack.
Last edited by DnvrFox; 09-06-05 at 12:22 PM.
Well..thats probably not a good characterization of most of us who can and do ride centuries. To us, ten miles isn't very challenging particularly to get all suited up to ride. But for those who are just getting into cycling, recovering from whatever, or just like the lesiurely ride through the park, it's all good. And yeah, you'll see us talking (bragging?) about our last century. But why not? On this forum, at our age, it's something to be proud of. Thats why I like this over 50 forum. There's something here for everybody.Originally Posted by sentinel
Any ride is worth it.Originally Posted by Litespeed
I agree with everyone here.
I actually have three bikes, but two of which I use more frequently.
My second bike, a Jamis hybrid is the one I usually use. It just has regular pedals, so all I have to do is throw on some shorts, a t-shirt, and my head protection and I'm ready to fly out my door for a short 6-10 mile spin along the creek.
It gets me out for a little fun and unwinding from work. If I didn't do it, I'd probably just do some idle tv watching and scarf down some food. I come back stress relieved and energized.
No, but it may be too short a ride to bother dressing for.Originally Posted by Litespeed
Yeah, back to the Q - 'suitin up'Originally Posted by KeithA
I also have an older Miyata "mountain bike" (only by appearance) that is setup for shoppin, cruisin, bangin around. Itz a bit heavy of a basher (43 lbs as config'd) but itz less likely to get stolen or even looked at. I think the key is "regular" pedals (as in quill). On mine I put these shorty toeclips which help position the foot nicely, but also allow me to bang around the area wearin slaps.
Not havin to put on cycling shoes with cleats makes it easy to just roll out and up the road for a 'quikie' without any thought to other stuff - - - - but I do like to have a pr of cycling gloves on when doin more than an errand to the shop center or Post Office - just a funny quirk I guess.
I think for ten miles or less I wouldn't bother with the cycling clothes, I'd just get on and go with whatever I was wearing. But any ride is better than no ride at all.
I ride 10-15 miles each morning. I ride hard and make a real workout out of it. Great exercise. I feel better than I did when I was a mere 50 year old and didn't ride at all.
worth it? Of course!!! Here's my morning.
get up
make coffee
drink coffee
read a little
make my lunch
get the bike out
load it
ride 4 miles to work
before I started riding regularly it was the same except I drove the 4 miles
the car didn't even get warmed up and every two weeks I was filling up the tank
not to mention the trips to oil can henery's to change oil and stuff
now...no trips to the gas station and I like that
under ten miles has been really worth it to me
not to mention the ten pounds that I don't have on my body any more
I need a shower anything over a 5 mile ride it seems. I sweat easily...So you have to get dressed, check out the bike. ride, clean up. wash smelly bike clothes.
nah..I demand at least 18 miles..Which is my commute to work...
For errands about town.that might be a two mile commute..exercise, doubt it.saves gasoline.thats good. but exercise..for such micro rides..I usually wear street clothes. but unless it is cold out, I still get sweaty..
so. A 15 mile minumum to call it a 'ride.'
Anytime on the bike is time well spent. Having gone 'bent this past year I require nothing more than some comfortable shorts and a poly shirt (padded shorts are no longer necessary). Street shoes (hiking shoes) work fine as I use Power Grip straps on the pedals. Basically the same gear and clothing for a 15-18 mile work commute or a short 3 mile jaunt to the grocery/drug store. Time on the bike is my time to unwind, get some fresh air, and a little bit of exercise. Any time spent on the bike is good time.
I don't know that I would get on cycling specific clothes for 10 miles, but as long as you are good with it, why does our opinion matter? Enjoy the ride!
I have taken 1-2 mile rides to check out a bike's adjustment etc, but I rode in street clothes. I felt better having been on the bike anyway!
Slow Ride Cyclists of NEPA
People do not seem to realize that their opinion of the world is also a confession of character.
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
Some of the best rides that I do are less than 10 miles. Just kick back, relax, and pedal.
20 miles or less I tend to wear whatever I have on, shorts and a T, over 30 I wear the lycra, 20-30 is a crapshoot. Often I start a short ride and 40 miles later I'm all sweaty, cotton underware chafing my thighs and think what an idiot I am.
I think it's worth it, I do it every day! 10 miles to work, rest eight hours and 10 miles home!


text:
Benefit prices increase as a result of cost excesses in each element of a benefit package, such as dental coverage, drug purchases, maternity care and mental-health coverage. By examining each part separately and reducing the cost of each, the total cost should shrink.
Prescription-drug costs present a clear target for reduction. According to the Health Care Financing Administration, a federal agency, drug costs are the fastest-growing segment of health care and generally account for approximately 12% of the cost of medical benefits. On an average, 50 employees will spend a total of $1,000 per month for prescription drugs. Despite these figures, this portion of health care costs has been ignored to a great degree.
One program that has been instituted to remedy the high cost of prescriptions is the issuance of drug cards to employees. These magnetically coded cards allow employees and their dependents to purchase prescriptions from pharmacists for minimal, previously specified fees. Because drug cards are a visible benefit, employees value them.
Many workers who might not obtain prescriptions otherwise—because of the up-front costs or the hassle of filing a claim—can use the cards to get needed medication. This saves an organization money in the long run because the price of the initial prescription will be considerably lower than the treatment cost incurred by postponing treatment of the medical problem.
Drug cards aren't without drawbacks, however. Their existence often generates abuse, mismanagement, nonmanagement and fraud. They can increase drug use by making medications readily obtainable. In addition, they're expensive for employers in the short-term. Consider the following example: A Blue Cross franchise charges a company $298 to cover the premium for a worker and his or her family under a major medical plan. The cost of prescriptions is included in the price and represents 12% of the total, or $36. If the company decides to purchase a drug card for the same policy, Blue Cross will charge it $347, or $49 extra. That means that instead of paying $36 for prescriptions for this policy, the or-ganization now is paying $85. If asked, Blue Cross will offer a rate reduction for excluding drugs from the major medical, but the reduction usually only amounts to 4%.
Fortunately, there's now a groundswell of change—a new breed of prescription cards emerging from private retail chains that can alleviate these problems. These cards integrate strategic pricing methods, management skills and communication to reduce drug costs significantly—even when the introduction of the cards increases prescription use.
Implemented with a continuing-education program that elicits employee cooperation, these cards can reduce drug costs by as much as 30% to 50%. These potential savings, which could be 5% to 7% of a total health-care benefit package, often are enough to influence an employer's decision to select one carrier over another and sometimes even to change providers.
Retail cards provide more-flexible pricing.
The price of drugs using most traditional prescription cards is based on retail pricing, which is somewhat protected with a usual, customary and reasonable (UCR) limit. Retail pricing seems to be rapidly becoming obsolete, however, and is being replaced by the new cards with the reduced pricing of average wholesale price (AWP). The AWP is a published price that wholesalers charge retailers. There are four widely used services that publish this information—First Data Bank, Medispan, Red Book and Blue Book. Most pharmacies and third-party payers use one or a combination of these sources to arrive at their basic reimbursement cost. However, the prices published by each source may vary, leading to price differentials when trying to calculate a drug-product cost. Furthermore, the average wholesale price can be discounted when pharmacists purchase large quantities of a particular drug. The task, then, is to identify the true average wholesale price.
This can be difficult. There are several other cost factors that can affect the average wholesale price. These include:
- Maximum allowable cost (MAC). This is the maximum reimbursement price that the Health Care Financing Administration will pay to providers for generic and some trade-name drug products. The agency periodically revises the list, based on manufacturers' price increases or decreases. It computes the price by averaging the cost of multisource generic drug products from sources throughout the U.S. Maximum-allowable cost price is 90% of this average price, assuming that most pharmacies throughout the U.S. can purchase the drug product at that time.
- Actual acquisition cost (AAC). This is the net cost that the pharmacy pays. Consumers rarely are aware of this cost. Because the AAC varies, based on the quantity bought, this price directly affects the average wholesale price discount.
- Estimated acquisition cost (EAC) and direct price (DP). These prices may increase or decrease an employer's cost. Determining factors are dictated by the number of publication services on single or multisource drugs and their published prices. Estimates may be too high, costing the employer more. The published direct price might be higher than maximum allowable cost.
- Relative cost index (RCI). This is a weighted cost for particular drugs in designated geographical areas.
In addition, providers include two other elements of pricing of which employers need to be aware: a prescription fee, which can range from $2 to $4; and a fee for using the system, which can be between $.60 and $1 per prescription.
When an employer considers each of these, the cost of drugs becomes more variable, making it hard to determine if the large discounts off the average wholesale price that some programs propose are really such a good deal. The only way a human resources department can be sure that it's receiving the lowest average wholesale price when comparing various providers is by having the competing drug companies give prices on 15 or so of the most frequently used drugs.
Why so many? Because most pharmacists and drug companies have loss leaders. Almost every store has a favorite drug that it discounts, often below cost. This makes it necessary to price a reasonable number of drugs to find the most accurate reading of what costs will be. Naturally, average wholesale price is lower than retail. Often drug companies discount the drug 5% to 10% more.
Marketing techniques can add to the drug-pricing confusion. At first glance, a company that offers a drug card allowing for purchases of prescriptions at average wholesale price minus 30% seems overwhelmingly attractive. However, the average wholesale price minus 30% applies to generic drugs only. Comparing the average wholesale price minus 30% with maximum-allowable-cost pricing (which applies mainly to generics as well) reveals that maximum-allowable-cost pricing is still a significantly cost-effective arrangement.
The real savings, then, come in the pricing that drug programs can arrange for generic drugs. Are these savings justified? Are the generics just as effective as the brand names?
Generics are cost-effective alternatives to brand-name drugs.
Many years ago, the Food and Drug Administration discovered that companies producing generic drugs often weren't testing them properly to verify if marketing claims were accurate. Furthermore, certain dyes contained in the generics caused adverse reactions in a few people. Today, however, the FDA publishes the guide Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, which assures pharmacists that a particular generic has been properly tested and rated for pharmaceutical equivalence. Therefore, the fears that were prevalent several years ago are no longer a concern regarding the drugs that are on the federal maximum-allowable-cost listing today. Currently 70% of the prescription drugs used in the U.S. have generic equivalents.
Having eliminated these worries, let's consider an example of the contrast in pricing between brand-name and generic drugs. A popular oral contraceptive costs $20 per prescription. The cost to the employer is $15 after the employee pays his or her $5 copayment. Maximum-allowable-cost pricing for the generic equivalent is $7 (which incidentally is made by the same company that makes the brand-name product using the same standards). This means that the employer pays only $2 after the employee pays the $5 copayment, saving the employer more than 600%.
Moving toward a pricing system that focuses on generic drugs requires educating employees to communicate with their doctors. Unfortunately, not all doctors are cost-conscious, and many will prescribe their favorite medications—often drugs that don't have a generic equivalent. Patients should understand that even if a physician prescribes a drug that doesn't have a generic equivalent, there usually are three or four other effective drugs that do have a generic equivalent. (If there aren't any drugs available that have a generic equivalent, the patient should ask the doctor if any formularies—similar drugs that cost less based on release time or other factors—are available.) The doctor may prescribe one of the other drugs if the patient asks him or her for a generic equivalent or a less-expensive medication.
Consider the following example: A certain drug costs $78 for one month's supply. After being questioned by the patient about generics, the physician orders a prescription for a different drug that would produce the same results but costs only $18. Because the employee's drug card provides an incentive for buying generics, the employee saves $5 on the copayment (see "Self-insurance Drug Cards Provide Greatest Flexibility"). The employer saves almost $60. This can happen only if the patient questions the doctor. The employee needs an incentive and education to ask the right questions.
Communication is the key to managing prescription benefits.
The newest drug cards allow human resources to manage prescriptions more effectively. What's most important is the communication between doctor, pharmacist, employer and card provider that's made possible by a comprehensive information system.
Because human resources managers need current and accurate information if they're going to be proactive in managing benefits, they need to evaluate a card-giving company's information system carefully. Not only should the system be capable of producing reports, but the system's operators also must be willing to provide information whenever it's requested. In this age of high technology, it's amazing how seldom we receive enough information from our sophisticated systems.
How can this information be captured? A prescription slip that a doctor fills out for a pharmacist contains specific information, including:
- The date
- The name of the prescribing doctor
- The patient's name
- The specific drug prescribed (generic or brand-name)
- The quantity of drug prescribed.
In addition, the patient's drug card provides such information as the employee's company name, the location and department in which he or she is employed and the status of the employee (active, COBRA, retired). A data-base drug-verification system can store all this information.
Of course, storing this information isn't enough. The information system must be able to search for:
- Duplicate checks
- Refills prescribed too early
- Refills prescribed too often
- The minimum and maximum dosages
- Duplicate therapy
- Drug interaction
- Drug allergies
- Maintenance-drug lists
- Therapy-cessation warnings.
An ideal system will provide cooperative managers with all of this information in any format at almost any time. The system also should ask certain questions regularly and provide managers with answers. Some of the questions might be:
- What percentage of generics do your employees use?
- Are the prescribed quantities too large or too small?
- If this is occurring, which doctors are participating?
- Is underutilization or overutilization taking place? Who's overutilizing? Who's overprescribing? Is there a pattern?
- What's the average number of prescriptions per employee?
- What's the dollar amount of the average prescription?
- How does the quantity of drugs being prescribed for your employees vary for the different locations and divisions of your company, for different companies in the same industry and for companies in different industries? How does it compare with national averages, or how does it compare with the total number of employees in the system?
Analyzing this information periodically and then using the information in an effective manner gives HR managers several ways to reduce costs. Fraud detection and prevention is one way. Employers can cross-check on a random basis for workers' compensation claims that pass through the medical plan for convenience purposes. For example, employees may confess to the pharmacist that they're purchasing drugs for relatives and friends. It's also common for people to want an extra supply of a particular prescription, such as antibiotics, for future medical problems of the same nature. They accomplish this by requesting the same prescription from two separate pharmacies, or claiming to have lost the original prescription and requesting a refill. Informed human resources personnel and pharmacists—armed with the right system, guidelines and reports—can prevent much of this fraud and reduce costs substantially.
Checking reports can help HR personnel reduce wasteful spending as well. Anyone who has helped clean the room of a deceased elderly person who had been ill for a while probably found enough accumulated drugs to fill a shopping bag. These could amount to a value of $1,000 or more. Although this type of waste occurs frequently, a system involving cooperation between doctors and pharmacists to limit quantities can prevent it.
Conversely, extending the limit on some prescriptions can account for savings as well. For example, a 30-day supply usually is maximum for standard prescription drugs. Maintenance drugs may be obtained in 90-day supplies by using a mail-order program. A more cost-effective method is to work out a system that allows card users to order a 90-day supply of maintenance drugs over the phone from a community pharmacist who will mail the medication. This eliminates the need for a mail-order facility.
The problem with increasing maximum limits, however, is that it can wind up costing employers more in actual drug costs. Here's why. When receiving a 90-day supply, an employee will make only one copayment rather than the three he or she would make for 30-day prescriptions. If the copayment is $10, the individual would have paid $30 if there had been a 30-day limitation. Instead, he or she pays only $10. Thus, a 90-day supply decreases the cost to employees but increases the cost to employers, who must make up the $20 difference. When considering extending limits, employers must determine where the greater cost savings lie.
A good information system not only can reduce the cost of drugs, but it also can prevent more serious situations. For example, a card carrier who's taking a certain medication for the treatment of ulcers goes on vacation in Florida. He develops a back problem, and a local doctor prescribes a drug to control the pain. The medication that the doctor prescribes could cause serious health risks if taken in combination with the ulcer medicine. Many pharmacists confess that it happens almost every day.
Because the patient's medical information is in the data base that the pharmacist can access through a network, however, the pharmacist can prevent disaster with a simple phone call to the local physician for a different prescription. This might not be direct drug-cost savings, but the system can prevent a significant hospitalization cost. Having a proper system that manages the prescription element of your benefit plan can reduce these dangers significantly. Finding a system that offers alternative pricing methods can reduce costs as well.
Although there's often a reluctance to introduce a drug card for fear that it will increase the use of drugs, it's a highly valued benefit. Efficient ones are available, but as is the case with everything, the buyer should be prudent.
Personnel Journal, May 1993, Vol. 72, No. 5, pp. 102-111.


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Listening to the Sports Hub this morning, Wiggins said two things that stuck out.
1. Welker should have had that pass.
2. The defense is the reason for a lack of recent ultimate success.
He didn't mention anything about Brady in the shotgun. In fact, he had nothing but praise for Brady.


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It's a long story, a medicine for blood pressure that caused a person to be short winded. And a doctor that said I was just getting old. I went from cruising at 24-25MPH,(Opps 14-15) heart rate at 150, and feeling fine; to I can't get my heart rate over 110 because I can't breath!
Been off that medicine since March, in May I went out of country for 3 months, and did a lot of walking.
I have been out for 3 rides on my new wheels, and I'm feeling great. I'm am so glad to be able to ride again!:lol:


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Milwaukee County Parks pools guide, 2014
Note: The contents of this guide were checked for accuracy when this article was updated on July 3, 2014 at 4:42 p.m. We continually update the thousands of articles on OnMilwaukee.com, but it's possible some details, specials and offers may have changed. As always, we recommend you call first if you have specific questions for the businesses mentioned in the guide.
As we all know, Wisconsin summer days can be scorching hot and humid. Hence, it's a good time to remind you that the Milwaukee County Parks System has a great selection of water-based recreational opportunities, including public pools.
Whether you test the waters first or jump right in, check out our Milwaukee public pool guide and find the perfect place to cool off this summer.
Outdoor Pools
Open seven days a week from 12:30 to 4:30 p.m. and Monday-Thursday from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Wilson Park pool is open from 1:30 p.m. weekdays, 12:30 on weekends. All hours are weather permitting.
Hoyt Park / Tosa Pool has different hours and rates. It also has an attached beer garden / restaurant called The Landing.
Prices: $1.50 (ages 3-11); $2.50 (ages 12 and up). Season pass is $20 (ages 12 and up) and $10 (11 and under). A comprehensive annual pass valid at any indoor or outdoor pool for 13 months (Cool Waters and Schulz Aquatic Center excluded) is $15 for ages 3-11; $25 for ages 12 and up.
Kids age 7 and under must be accompanied by an adult.
Outdoor pool locations:
- Grobschmidt, (formerly Oak Creek) 2600 16th Ave., (414) 762- 9523
- Hales Corners, 5765 S. New Berlin Rd., (414) 529-3622
- Holler, 5151 S. 6th St., (414) 481-7160
- Hoyt Park / Tosa Pool, 1800 N. Swan Blvd, Wauwatosa, (414) 302-9160
- Jackson Park, 3500 W. Forest Home Ave., (414) 672-1470
- McCarty Park, 2567 S. 79th St., (414) 543-9240
- Pelican Cove , Located in Kosciuscko Park at 2201 S. 7th St., (414) 384-9498
- Sheridan Park, 4800 S. Lake Dr., Cudahy, (414) 747-9491
- Washington Park, 1859 N. 40th St., (414) 344-5400
- Wilson Park, 4001 S. 20th St., (414) 281-4498
Water Parks
Open: Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend. Open Monday through Thursday, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. and Friday, Saturday, Sunday and holidays from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Pelican Cover is open daily from 12:30 to 4:30 p.m. with extra 5:30-7:30 p.m. sessions Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Prices: $6.75 (ages 12-59); $5 (ages 3-11 or 60+); night swim (Monday through Thursday after 6 p.m.) is $4. Season pass is $50 for an individual or $135 for a family of four. $25 for each additional child.
Water park locations:
- Cool Waters, located in Greenfield Park, 2028 S. 124th St., (414) 321-7530. Offers giant tube, water slides, interactive water toys and more.
- Pelican Cove, located in Kosciuszko Park, 2201 S. 7th St., (414) 384-2022. Water slides, interactive splash toys and more.
- David F. Schultz Aquatic Center, located in Lincoln Park, 1301 W. Hampton Ave., (414) 257-7230. Features shallow pool area, multiple water slides, diving area and a lazy river.
Indoor Pools
Open: Monday through Thursday from 1 p.m. to 5:45 p.m.; and Friday-Sunday from 1 to 5 p.m. Noyes pool closes at 5:30 p.m. Mondays.
Prices: $3.50 (12 and up); $2.50 (under 12). A pass for 12 admissions is $33 (12 and up) or $22 (11 and under), and a six-month pass is $137.50 (ages 12-59), $110 (60 and up) and $88 (11 and under).
Indoor pool locations:
- Noyes Pool, 8235 W. Good Hope Rd., (414) 353-1252
- Pulaski Pool, 2701 S. 16th St., (414) 645-2328
Splash pads
Many Milwaukee County Parks feature splash pads, which are free and open from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
- Carver, 911 W. Brown St.
- Clarke Square, 2330 W. Vieau Pl.
- Dineen, 6901 W. Vienna Ave.
- Gordon, 1321 E. Locust St., (Closed Tuesday, July 7)
- Lindbergh, 3629 N. 16th St.
- Madison, 9800 W. Glendale Ave.
- Washington, 1849 N. 40th St.
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Alisha Nichole is a freelance on location hair and makeup artist that specializes in bridal beauty. Check out her website to view her full portfolio, (more)
On location makeup for brides and bridal parties, proms, school dances, and other events by a certified and trained professional makeup artist. Also (more)


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ZF-7666: LIMIT 0 ; fails to be generated
Denis reported in ZF-7650 that a receive(0) didn't work properly. I started checking all of the other Zend_Queue_Db adapter and found that the Zend_Db_Select() code suffers from a similar issue as well.
Our code executes the following:
$maxMessages = 0
$query->from($info['name'], array('*'))
->where('queue_id=?', $this->getQueueId($queue->getName()))
->where('handle IS NULL OR timeout+' . (int)$timeout . ' < ' . (int)$microtime)
Which generates the following SQL:
SELECT `message`.* FROM `message` WHERE (queue_id=96) AND (handle IS NULL OR timeout+30 < 1251045482) FOR UPDATE
The LIMIT 0 is missing.
Which causes all values to be returned.
I tried a LIMIT 0 in MySQL, and I got the following
mysql> SELECT `message`.* FROM `message` WHERE (queue_id=96) AND (handle IS NULL OR timeout+30 < 1251045482) LIMIT 0 FOR UPDATE;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
So, LIMIT 0 does work, it doesn't make a lot of sense, but it does work.
What is the use-case to retrieve 0 messages?! I cant see it :-)
There is no use-case. Mostly, it's just to avoid a the situation where someone accidentally puts in a limit of 0, and then gets back all the data. IT SHOULDN'T HAPPEN, but this is one of those annoying edge cases. Another instance, would be where someone does some "math" on the limit and ends up with zero.
MySQL support LIMIT 0, so I think that ZF should implement it Is it better to implement explicitly a test before the query or letting the query returning 0 rows ? One is more simple, other more efficient...
This seems to be an issue with empty() returning true for zero in Zend_Db_Select#_renderLimitoffset(). Perhaps this should be changed to is_null().


text: Garda station alert over package for TD 08 Apr 2014 An alert has been triggered at a garda station in Dublin over a suspect package addressed to the Irish Justice Minister Alan Shatter. Share Share Share Story by UTV Staff, Belfast It is understood a sorting office alerted gardaí on Tuesday morning after discovering the package.The item was brought to Rathfarnham Garda Station and army bomb experts were called in.The station was evacuated.This is the second time the Justice Minister has been at the centre of a security alert.Just last week, white powder and a swastika were sent to his home. © UTV Share Share Share


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|Oracle FAQ
|Your Portal to the Oracle Knowledge Grid
Home -> Community -> Usenet -> comp.databases.theory -> Re: The wisdom of the object mentors (Was: Searching OO Associations with RDBMS Persistence Models)
On 2006-05-31 12:13:47 -0500, Bob Badour <bbadour_at_pei.sympatico.ca> said:
> But the sad truth is: I am certain he lacks the cognitive ability to
> recognize just how incoherent what he wrote is. I am sure he believes
> he wrote something coherent that deserves more effort.
This may in fact be true. My experience belies it, but no man's experience is perfect or all-encompassing. So it is quite possible that what made perfect sense to me sounds like non-sense to you. However, if you last assertion is true, doesn't it mean that I deserve the respect of patient correction instead of rabid insults?
-- Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob) | email: unclebob_at_objectmentor.com Object Mentor Inc. | blog: www.butunclebob.com The Agile Transition Experts | web: www.objectmentor.com 800-338-6716 |Received on Fri Jun 02 2006 - 18:58:08 CDT
Original text of this message


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My Blog
Sasquatch Poles Structures ( The Sacred Cross Roads )Sun, July 6, 2014 - 9:19 PM
Sun, July 6, 2014 - 9:19 PM - permalink - 5 Comments
5 Comments
|add a comment
Mon, July 7, 2014 - 11:33 AMMika fascinating post!
So these tree are healthy trees that have been pushed over, how have they been felled?
Is it three lent up against a central one?
Sasquatch could they be neanderthals?
Going naked into the wild is essential Mika, glad I am not the only guy who does that :)
Mon, July 7, 2014 - 7:05 PM
Pole StructuresThanx for the response Adrian ! Yes the trees are broken off and laid against the main support tree. I visited a website in Colorado and was fascinated by the variety and different sizes of them. This one is a rather spectacular example by virtue of size. The spot by no surprise is in a place that is high above the surrounding area and has a clear view of it in a 270 degree panaramic mainly toward the lake a couple of hundred feet away. This is typical of these structures as the intent is for them to be seen. As these creatures prefer coastal rain forest climates this would seem to indicate that this is a marker to indicate a path rather then a territory as they are simply passing through. The core states and provinces of North America have less rainfall but for a creature migrating to a more suitable ecology it seems reasonable that they could forage enough to sustain them through the less demanding summer months here as they pass through. On the subject of clothing optional I got the whole place to myself, if you don 't include, the occasional bear, roaming sasquatches and all the internet people on Google Earth who like watching me run around au naturel.
Tue, July 8, 2014 - 4:57 PMAmazing!
I take your word for it, as you know the land well and have a feel for it.
A marker, amazing! Are there any tracks or signs of ground disturbance around the trees?
I am fascinated by your post Mika, amazing. Do you think you will see one?
They have to be very strong to break a tree like that eh, but they obviously keep away from people. So they would not be aggressive?
Do you have a theory for what they are like? Temperament, intellect?
Tue, July 8, 2014 - 9:24 PMThey are almost certainly a species that is endangered or at the very least should have a " protected " designation. I regret that at the time I discovered the structure I did not know what I was dealing with so I did not examine the ground for foot prints of hair samples. As this is nit their normal range and is more likely a rarely used migratory route I don't expect to ever see one, at least here any way. So far as temperament reports of encounters would indicate that full grown males are quite aggressive, territorial. You remember the Roger Patterson film ? The subject in the film is a female Sasquatch and she is not at all aggressive despite the presence of Roger Patterson and Bob gi
Gimlin on horse back. Case histories about encounters suggest when the encounter is with a male of the species the outcome is more problematic. The structure here would have been built by a powerful full grown male given the size of the trees. I read an interesting theory put forth about Sasquatch pole structures. They are primates so they are very intelligent and observant. It stands to reason that when Indigenous Peoples would move their campsites with the changing of the seasons they would leave the teepee pole structures behind. Curious sasquatches would almost certainly have come and examined abandoned camp sites and may have picked up on the teepee structure as a way to communicate with other sasquatches about paths and territory. It is an interesting theory. On the subject of whether they are from the one lineage or Human lineage a stunning discovery surrounding a footprint a few years ago appears to provide an answer. A plaster cast taken from a site yielded a foot impression showing an anatomical feature known as a mid tarsal break. This is hinge in the foot bone pattern that allows for greater flexibility of the arch.......... and is only found in ape species, not humans. This lends credence go the theory that North American sasquatches are a descendant of ape known as Gigantopithecus thought to be extinct 300,000 years ago. The human family tree on the other hand is more like a family bush with many off shoots so sightings in Asia around the Ural Mountains of a hairy but decidedly more human looking creature may turn out to be an ancient, primitive line of Neanderthal known as Heidelbergensis which was a giant that would rival sasquatches for sheer physical size. Other reports of wild bipedal creatures in places like China, India and the mountains of Nepal may ultimately turn out to be variations of these ancient human and ape primates. The recent discovery that a dwarf version of Homo Erectus was alive as close as 10,000 years ago on the island of Florres has shaken Anthropology to its core. Homo Erectus was thought to have gone extinct 1,000,000 years ago. Even skeptics of Sasquatch, Yeti and all the other wild bipedal creatures reported for centuries around the world have to concede that their existence is a real possibility.
Sat, July 12, 2014 - 1:23 PMThats really interesting, an amazing post and the detailed ideas for what they could be sounds plausible to me.


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Popular Searches
If his intent was to blindside an opponent, Shane Doan said, then he would have taken aim at the Ducks' Dan Sexton, and "I would have hit him hard instead of just missing him, and I didn't."
That theory did not sway the NHL, which made the Coyotes captain Exhibit 'A' in its quest to curtail hits to the head and slapped him with a three-game suspension.
It was Doan's first suspension in a career that has spanned more than 1,000 games; he said he was shocked that he was suspended, let alone for multiple games. He said he hit Sexton's hands and then Sexton's stick hit him in the head. No penalty was called, and Sexton was not injured.
"Everything in the rules say the onus is on the hitter not to hit the player, not to hurt him, and I deliberately didn't hit him," said Doan, adding that he caught Sexton by surprise. "I cut in front of him, I don't catch his head, but they want to send a message, and they obviously they did."
There is no way of knowing, of course, and it may just be a coincidence that the ruling came down at a time the NFL's hot topic is how to deal with hits to the head.
General Manager Don Maloney called the penalty harsh, and coach Dave Tippett said he did not think it would be for three games. Doan said the replay of the hit is not an accurate portrayal.
"Obviously the angle that they show over and over again doesn't look good because it's one angle from the back," he said. "You see the angle from the side, and you can see that I just take his ice, but the angle that they released with the press release is the one angle from behind where it looks bad.
"They're trying to drill the point across that we're being pro-active, and you have to accept it."
Doan says he feels guilty about the suspension: "My job is to play the game and not to be able to play for three games, I'm not doing my job."
Doan said it was difficult for him to accept that Ducks analyst Brian Hayward � whose name he mispronounced as "Brad Harold" � would be so critical. Hayward is a former NHL goalie.
"He used to play, and he's the one that just buries me," he said. "When you watch the video, he just goes on and on � I mean, Mr. (Hayward) should realize that � he's played the game, physicality is part of the game.
"It's happening quick � I definitely didn't hit him there. I avoided him. He's the one that kind of makes a big case about it, and I guess you understand it."
Popular Searches
October 16, 2010: Shane Doan can't believe he was suspended for three games for a hit during the Coyotes' game against the Ducks on Sunday.
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American apparel shirts are actually unisex and fitted style. My asphalt shirt comes in small also. I'll have to look up how much bigger it is than regular women's teeshaha, these are cool. no womens sizes im guessing?
for the orders I received I sent an email to already.I ordered. When can I expect it to ship?
well balrog, vega, and sagat are part of shadaloo as well lol. If that shirt ends up getting the most votes I'll make it happenI want that shaowlaw shirt. I dont even like bison, but that's a really nice shirt without the YY
Now until February 28th get 10% off on all preorders!
Note: if you have already preordered prepare to see the refunded amount in your PayPal account
Yup. I'll PM you the confirmation number. Was actually about to email them right nowDid you ship them out?
Gonna order one friday to lend my support.They should be around for a while. I only made 50 though...
thank you! I appreciate it very much =DGonna order one friday to lend my support.
haha awesome
the red is more of a red orange. but thanks for the vote as well!Would so buy that scrub talk tee if it didn't have red on it
I voted Honda Bath House. That design is dope. Though honestly I would want to see a Chun tee being made as well.
that would involve using copyrighted characters and only people with a license to sell capcoms copyrights are allowed to have said charactersThese are really nice, just wish one of the shirts had a picture of an actual Street Fighter character on them.
Maybe I'll give a discount to premo members*jedi mind trick*
You want to send me a gray Scrub Talk shirt, size L for my birthday on the 10th...
*wiggles fingers in the air*
of course. I plan on keeping the shirts going with any profits i make to put towards more shirts being made. I know the bath house tee was getting quite popular so i'll definitely try to make that happen soon. perhaps with enough sales I can have them in production by EVO and anyone who wants to buy any shirts from me can do so while i'm at EVO tooHey, even though the Bathhouse shirt lost the vote...is there still a chance that it could go into production?
scrub talk shirts are available at fighterselect.comI want that equilizer shirt and the scrub talk tee


text:
Hi, I am Chiraag Suchak. I'm 26 years old living in London working as a Technology consultant for investment banks.
I have over 3 years of consulting experience spanning multiple industries, including Health and public services, Insurance but predominantly in Banking.
I have worked in the highest profile projects in the UK and received excellent feedback for my work.
Feel free to contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
SF Sound Architect Tycho Building Buzz, Plays Independent Saturday
By Chris Trenchard on December 09, 2011 2:30 PM
Odds are, you don't know Tycho, which is fine. But perhaps you know Scott Hansen, the San Francisco-based sound/visual artist behind the crypticism. He resides happily below the radar, where his sonic permutations can grow and change however his muse dictates.


text:
Cool, how did you do it with spacers & a tensioner? Eno? I have done the ladder great results last winter just remember use brass nips as I found out alloy will disincarnate fast.Originally Posted by STEEKER
44 x 16 was my magic gear no tensioner needed. But a little heavy winter wise.
Edit - i used a half link as well


text:
I have two somewhat big (4+ million records) tables with identical structure, and they have about 300k duplicated rows. I'd like to
DELETE the duplicate rows using the
DELETE IN syntax.
I've already done it using the
MERGE statement (available only on 2008 or newer, so I can't use it since I'm still running 2005), and the
DELETE EXISTS, but I'm running into some trouble getting
DELETE IN to work.
The problem that I'm having with
DELETE IN is that my big table has a composite primary key, meaning I can only identify unique rows using all those columns together.
Is it possible in T-SQL to have multiple expressions as parameters to the
IN clause? Something like:
DELETE FROM MyBigTable
WHERE ([Column1], [Column2], [Column3]) IN
(SELECT [Column1],
FROM MyBigTable
SELECT [Column1],
FROM MyOtherBigTable)