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Home Page Design
Published: August 6, 2007
It is time to review a company home page design. There are a number of stakeholders involved in home page design, and each of them wants a piece of the home page real estate. Are there questions you can ask before approaching home page design that can move it beyond the influence of specific stakeholders in the company toward a common vision? Are there tips to consider when designing a home page? This article will help you better understand how to approach home page design.
The Front Door Value
What is the value of the front door of a business? For some businesses, it's their face to the world. Looking at the front door shown in Figure 1:
- What is your impression when you see this?
- What type of business do you think this is?
- What do you think you can do when you go through the gates?
Figure 1—Luna Park, an amusement park in Melbourne, Australia
For other businesses it's a logo like that shown in Figure 2:
- What type of business is this?
- Is there any content missing from this signage?
- What impression do you get when you look at the logo?
Figure 2—J.J Express, a take-away restaurant in Melbourne, Australia
The Most Important Page—Or Is It?
Often, both customers and the business itself see the home page as one of the most important pages on the Web site. It's a place to present key information about products, services, and special offers; contact information; and calls to action—giving customers direct access to what they need quickly. So customers can serve themselves through the home page.
"Home pages are the most valuable real estate in the world. … A home page's impact on a company's bottom line is far greater than simple measures of e-commerce revenues. The home page is your company's face to the world. … The home page is the most important page on most Web sites and gets more page views than any other page."—Jakob Nielsen
For many users, the home page is a place where, if they get lost, they can start their journey again. Users often want to return to a site's home page to reorient themselves. We often see this happen during usability testing. For a business, the home page offers an opportunity to communicate their value to the world—particularly as it relates to their products and services. Therefore, ideally, a home page should reflect and balance business objectives and user needs.
Other Landing Pages, Too?
In his article "Is Home Page Design Relevant Anymore?" Jared Spool of UIE pointed out that many users are bypassing the home page, going directly to whatever page satisfies their content need. So, it's important for all your key landing pages to perform a similar role to the home page. According to Spool:
"A growing number of sites… see a lot of traffic that bypasses their site's home page, going directly to content pages. As a result, these landing pages—the first page on your site the user encounters—have to perform the same functions as your home page, for these users. That turns out to be a lot easier than many designers think, mostly because they usually don't really understand the true functions of a home page.
"In studying users visiting sites, we learned a long time ago that there are only two important functions for a home page:
- The home page delivers the content to [users] that they are seeking—such as the top story on CNN—or
- The home page provides strong scent to those pages that contain the content the user seeks.
"Those are the only two things users care about on a home page. (Lots of designers try to make the home page serve other functions, such as [telling] the user about things the organization cares about, but the user doesn't—such as financial news about the business or what new products are on sale—but users blow right past this content and pay no attention to it. We've found it's all a waste of valuable design resources.) When designers focus on just these two things on the home page, users tell us the site is substantially more usable."
Fighting for Real Estate
The main issue we have seen on projects that involve the design or redesign of home pages is departments fighting for a higher profile and better positioning on the home page. Everyone wants a prime piece of real estate on the home page to get customers' attention. Often, whoever in the company shouts the loudest or has critical company announcements or fancy marketing campaigns drives the outcome of the battle for home-page real estate.
What Do Customers Want?
When customers visit your home page, their attention span is limited. They are busy and want to find answers quickly. They don't want unnecessary distractions and will immediately leave and go to another site if they cannot find what they want on your home page. They do not want to wade through marketing messages.
When customers arrive at your home page, they expect to find what they want quickly. After all, the promise of the Web is to provide an efficient, alternative channel that complements other channels like bricks-and-mortar shops and corporate customer support.
When customers visit a home page—whether for the first time or as repeat visitors—they might want to
- satisfy an information need quickly
- look for contact information like a phone number or email address
- autonomously complete a task, without needing customer support
- solve a problem
- buy a product
What Does the Business Want?
The business also has needs it wants to satisfy:
- selling products
- increasing the number of successful transactions
- saving money—by moving transactions from other channels to the Web
- publishing company news and financial results
Sometimes, business needs and customer needs do not match.
Content Priorities
The challenge is: What content should a company give highest priority on its home page? Often, certain stakeholders within an organization want to push their content onto the home page to demonstrate their value, without any real regard for business needs, user benefits, or returns on investment (ROI) via the Web channel.
When defining content and design strategies for your company's home page, consider the following questions:
- Who are your customers?
- How do customers currently use your home page?
- What tasks do customers want to complete when they visit your home page?
- What content are customers looking for via your home page?
- How can you help customers find the information they need via your home page?
- What are the strategic goals for your home page?
- What are you trying to sell via your home page?
- What are your business objectives?
- How do your business objectives map to your home page goals?
- How does the business measure the success of the home page?
- What are you saying on your home page now?
- What are your competitors doing, and how can you innovate?
- How does the home-page design communicate to customers now?
- Where are users going from your home page?
- What search terms are customers using?
A Five-Second Test for Your Home Page
In her article "5-Second Tests: Measuring Your Site's Content Pages," UIE's Christine Perfetti wrote:
"As the name suggests, the 5-Second Test involves showing users a single content page for a quick 5 seconds to gather their initial impressions. Five seconds may not seem like a lot of time, but users make important judgments in the first moments they visit a page. This technique unveils how those judgments turn out, giving the team insight into some essential information about the page. …
"As we often do in other types of usability tests, we start by giving users a focused task … Next, before we show the user our page, we tell them we'll only display it for 5 seconds. We ask them to try to remember everything they see in this short period. Once the user views the entire page for 5 seconds, we remove it by either covering it up or switching to another window. Then, we ask them to write down everything they remember about the page. When they finish jotting down their recollections, we ask… questions to assess whether users accomplished the task."
When we've applied the idea of a five-second test to home pages, we've asked subjects the following questions:
- What is the company's core business?—The answers let you know whether the design framework supports the company's business direction. For example, does it convey the intended business image—whether serious, fun, consultative, helpful, or so on?
- What captures your attention? Are there elements on the home page that draw your attention immediately?—The answers tell you whether these are the elements to which you want to draw customers' attention. Do the attention-getting elements help move customers into paths that will benefit the business?
- What do you think you can do on the home page?—The answers can help ensure you optimally support the tasks on which most customers are focusing.
We might test a number of different home pages to see whether users can recognize design patterns, asking: Are there any common elements you've seen on the home pages we've shown you? Once a user has had some time to look at the various designs, we've documented issues that we can translate into design and business improvements.
Usability Walkthroughs
Usability walkthroughs can help you understand home-page designs. Let's walk through several example home pages, thinking about answering the following questions;
- What is the company's core business?
- What captures your attention?
- What do you think you can do?
You can complete such walkthroughs quickly, but it's important to make sure you have the right stakeholders involved.
Note—In my observations about each design example, I have indicated which of the design choices are good for users, for the business, or for both. Many are good for both. That's a good thing!
Here are my observations about the Flickr home page, which appears in Figure 3:
- The photo on the left has prominence, indicating this might be a site having to do with photos. (Good for users; good for business.)
- There is a clear statement of what is core to the Flickr service: Share your photos. (Good for users; good for business.)
- The standard placement for Sign In, in the upper-right corner, is useful for returning users. (Good for users; good for business.)
- The Create Your Account button provides a clear call to action. (Good for business.)
- Repeat users can search for photos. (Good for users; good for business.)
- Following an emerging pattern, the corporate logo is in the standard location in the upper-left corner. (Good for business.)
Figure 3—Flickr home page
From my usability walkthrough of the Blogger home page, shown in Figure 4, I made the following observations:
- The Create Your Blog Now widget provides a clear call to action. (Good for business.)
- There is a description of what a blog is for those who do not know. (Good for users.)
- The standard placement for Sign In, in the upper-right corner, is useful for returning users. (Good for users; good for business.)
- Following an emerging pattern, the corporate logo is in the standard location in the upper-left corner. (Good for business.)
Figure 4—Blogger home page
Here are my observations on the Cityline home page, which is shown in Figure 5:
- In the primary navigation bar at the top of the page, users can find films under either Movies or Cinemas. (Good for users; good for business.)
- The Buy buttons provide a clear call to action. (Good for business.)
- Following an emerging pattern, the corporate logo is in the standard location in the upper-left corner. (Good for business.)
Figure 5—Cityline home page
Do Your Own Usability Walkthrough
Try doing a usability walkthrough on your own now, on a home page or key landing page of your choice. How does the home page help users get to what they need quickly, and how does it help the business meet their objectives?
Million-Dollar Home Pages
As Christine Perfetti wrote on the UIE Brain Sparks Blog, "The Million Dollar Homepage is an innovative site created by college student Alex Tew to help raise money for his college education. Alex's business model involved selling the one million pixels displayed on the home page for $1 per pixel. The business experiment turned out to be a huge success—Alex sold all of the ad space." Figure 6 shows The Million Dollar Homepage.
Figure 6—The Million Dollar Homepage
Not every business can have a million-dollar home page, but starting with these three simple questions can help you get more clarity and better insights about what your home page should be—now and in the future.
- What is the primary goal for the home page?
- How will the content on the home page and the tasks it supports benefit customers?
- How will this content and these features benefit the business, in turn?
Your home page should provide self-service access to information, so users need not rely on other information channels to answer their basic questions. In my experience, home pages often provide customers with no other choice but to call a company directly to get the answers they need.
Design Tips for Home Pages
To create successful home-page designs:
- Find out what users' high-priority tasks are.
- Provide good visibility for these high-priority tasks.
- Use user-centric language, not internal, company language.
- On the primary navigation bar, present items of interest to customers first, then place links to information about the company toward the end of the navigation bar.
- Provide a clear path back to the home page on the primary navigation bar, using the label Home.
- Critical content should be above the fold on the home page.
- Clearly differentiate widgets from content—for example, key sections, buttons, and so on.
- Do not use pop-up windows.
- Do not display Flash splash pages before allowing users to get to the home page.
- Show the date and time when the home page content was last updated.
Barker, Iain. "Full Site Redesign? Start by Addressing the Home Page." CM Briefing, May 4, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
Gaffney, Gerry, and Daniel Szuc. The Usability Kit. Collingwood, Australia: SitePoint, 2006.
Nielsen, Jakob. "Top Ten Guidelines for Homepage Usability." Alertbox, May 12, 2002. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
Perfetti, Christine. "5-Second Tests: Measuring Your Site's Content Pages." User Interface Engineering, June 9, 2005. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
—— "Branding and the Million Dollar Homepage." UIE Brain Sparks Blog, January 25, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
Rogowski, Ron. "What Do Consumers Expect From Corporate Home Pages?" Forrester, March 3, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
Spool, Jared. "Is Home Page Design Relevant Anymore?" UIE Brain Sparks Blog, September 29, 2005. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
Straub, Kath. "Where Are You When I Need You??? (Or Ending the Search for Search)." Human Factors International, "UI Design Newsletter," February 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
Szuc, Daniel. "Walking Through Your Product Design With Stakeholders." UXmatters, June 4, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
—— "Why Do Big Companies Keep on Getting It Wrong?" Apogee, January 24, 2002. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
The Million Dollar Homepage. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
van Welie, Martijn. "Homepage." Patterns in Interaction Design. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
Topic: Content Strategy | Web Site Design
11 Comments
Thanks for consolidating information on such an important topic. Especially valuable is the summary of the two potential functions of the home page—offering content or providing a strong scent of where content might be. This is an effective way to describe the function of a home page to stakeholders.
We have tried the assessment technique that you describe as the 5-second test. When we first started trying it, we talked to marketing folks who employ a similar technique for product and brand recognition and recall. For marketing purposes, researchers will expose participants to visual images of products, shelf images, or advertisements for varying amounts of time and measure the frequency of recall of a certain item or which elements the participant remembers. Using a T-scope, they can quantify this information.
When we first used this technique for Web page assessment, we would tell the participant ahead of time that we would only let them look at the page for a few seconds. We found that participants would spend the time they had simply trying to memorize the elements of the page. Our sense was that this behavior wasn't natural, so we tried an approach where we did not tell participants of our intentions ahead of time. We still took the page away after a set amount of time and asked participants what they recalled. Our instinct told us that this gave us a better sense of how participants would react in their own context of use; however, we did not see much difference in the participant comments. We haven't done a rigorous comparison of the two approaches, and until we do, we will stick with the first approach, which is friendly and more transparent to participants.
Michael Hawley—User Experience Director, Mad*Pow
Hi Daniel, this is a very useful article for both beginner and practitioner audiences. I found your examples very informative. The Flickr example in particular is interesting, because several social networking Web sites face similar challenges. In the high-mortality world of social networking sites, the ones that are attempting to replicate the success of Facebook or Orkut would find it valuable to use your UCD design tips and increase their chances of community adoption!—Amit
Thanks, Michael.
When users scan the home page, they want the quick answer to their question. Expect that, most of the time, marketing messages—if given too much real estate priority—will only distract and annoy unless they get to the heart of exactly what users are looking for.
It's also interesting to see whether people can recall words on the page, as designers sometimes give content lower priority—or there is too much of it , it does not provide quick doorways, or the graphics overwhelm and distract users from the words.
So, here's a question for readers: What are some good examples of home pages? What is good about them? Why do you think they're working for a business?
Thank you, Amit.
When I have shown the Flickr home page to different groups, the feedback on what they remember after about five seconds usually includes—in no particular order: photo, create account, search, and share. All good for the business. Also, like how Flickr have taken a clean and directed approach to their home page—with their move away from the traditional look to a Web-site-meets-application look and feel. It's important for a business to ask why? Why have we put a particular component on the home page and what return do we expect from it? I'm sure it's not different from renting expensive office space. You want to make sure you are using the space effectively for your business, visitors, and staff.
It's a good article.
Thanks for this article.
Isn't Luna Park in Sydney?
—A New Zealander
Interesting article. I manage and track traffic on hundreds of sites and see, even to my surprise, that the majority of traffic still goes to the home page.
Let's please not forget two things not mentioned here:
- Home is a metaphor. It need not necessarily be called home, which is neither descriptive nor semantically friendly. Nor is welcome. Best to match content: "About XYZ Corp" or "Who We Are" and so on. Maybe someday we won't even need to call them pages any more—they're not. Then the Web will truly have grown up and left home.
- The home, or root, page content must address the www questions: "Whose site? What's it about? Why should I care."
- It should distill into as few elements as possible the site's purposes. If, in the strategic design phase—You did have a strategic design phase didn't you?—the defined audiences are product user seeking support, investors seeking financials, and prospective employees, call out those uses distinctly in the body of the page, where the copy goes, using normal design conventions.
Most importantly—and somewhat contrary to the section "Fighting for Real Estate"—if we're to make a site useful, we should take a user-centric stand and resist efforts that make any navigation a reflection of a company's organization structure. Users are not designers, but their needs should come first, if the company has bothered to define their user groups at all.
:-) Michael
Nice article. Thanks.
Some interesting discussion about the "5-second usability test" and how it relates to the home page at UIE.
Good listening: Usability Tools Podcast: 5-Second Usability Tests
Do not use pop-up windows.
But DHTML popups are allowed?
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Sunlight Plus Lime Juice Make Drinking Water Safer
Researchers found that solar disinfection coupled with lime juice removed harmful bacteria "significantly" faster than solar disinfection alone
A team of researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine found that adding lime juice to water that is treated with a solar disinfection method removed detectable levels of harmful bacteria such as E. coli significantly faster than solar disinfection alone.
The results are featured in the April 2012 issue of American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Joint NSF-Japan Protocol Developed to Certify Systems for Iodine Reduction
Protocol was developed in response to last year's nuclear disaster in Japan
Protocol was developed in response to last year's nuclear disaster in Japan
RainSoft Introduces New Water Treatment Technology at WQA Aquatech USA 2012
Residential system treats and conditions water without using salt
Wednesday, March 7, at WQA Aquatech 2012, RainSoft introduced a new residential water treatment system. The system will offer consumers the water treatment benefits of a reverse osmosis system combined with the hardness removal of a water conditioner, without requiring salt.
"The water treatment industry hasn't seen a major advancement like this in years," said Andrew Palframan, vice president of RainSoft. "Imagine offering customers the enjoyment of great-tasting, bottle-quality water throughout their entire home. Our new water treatment system is one-of-a-kind in the industry."
Rocky Mountain Survival Introduces New Personal Water Treatment System
Product uses nano-silver technology to purify water
Rocky Mountain Survival co-founder Tim Shettlesworth announced the addition of the PurifiCup to the company's line of emergency preparedness equipment and custom survival kits. The PurifiCup is a new personal water treatment and purification system that is completely portable and is the first of its kind to use nano-silver technology.
"The PurifiCup is unmatched in the industry," Shettlesworth said. "It is one of the best innovations to come out of the industry in a long time and we are gratified that we can offer it as part of our custom emergency preparedness line."
Disinfection for Safe Water
Water supplies can contain living organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, worms, viruses and fungi. When these organisms are the sources of diseases, they are known as pathogens.
Pathogens can lead to infectious diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, cholera, jaundice, hepatitis, undulant fever and tularemia, making the water supply unsafe for human consumption. Disinfection plays a key part in turning non-potable water into water that is microbiologically safe to drink.
Eliminating pathogens to protect human health
Cutting Commercial Costs
Commercial reverse osmosis (RO) systems encompass a wide variety of applications. Some applications, such as metal plating or boiler feed water, require pure water with low dissolved solids. Other applications, in which a higher dissolved solids content is acceptable, such as car wash or drinking water applications, need to produce as much water as possible, or just enough water at the lowest cost possible.
Each of these categories presents unique challenges to commercial OEMs to configure systems that reduce the total water cost (TWC) to their customers.
New RO elements can lower total water costs
Options for Rainwater Disinfection
With the increasing scarcity of clean water and growing popularity of rainwater harvesting, potable rainwater use is inevitable. It is often the cleanest feedstock for the production of drinking water, since it has fewer contaminants than surface water or groundwater in most cases. The main concern with making rainwater potable is the possibility that harmful microbes could be present.
From traditional to cutting edge, rainwater disinfection technologies abound
A Better Way
As its traditional ion exchange process grew more expensive for perchlorate treatment, the West Valley Water District (WVWD) sought change with a new bioremediation plant. Assistant General Manager Thomas J. Crowley, P.E., recently discussed making the switch with WQP Managing Editor Rebecca Wilhelm.
Rebecca Wilhelm:What conditions necessitated the new plant?
Value-Oriented Water Treatment
Giving customers value is what most retailers and wholesalers are doing during the economic slump. With rising costs for products and shipping, it is difficult to maintain sales and acquire profits. Cutting costs without cutting corners can be difficult as well. Sizing a water system and applying the correct treatment system can be a daunting task because salespeople must take into consideration that the customer wants the best possible water treatment at the lowest possible cost.
Providing the right solution at a good value while maintaining profit margins
Environmentalism & Water Treatment
Over the years, the term "environmentalism" has morphed through various phases and subcategories, creating a whole new paradigm that confuses most of the general population. To the average person, terms such as environmentalism, "environmentally friendly," "sustainable" and "green" seem to be used interchangeably. The director of the Green Business League, Michael Richmond, described the muddled understanding of these terms as "that ugly green color that we made in kindergarten when we slurred all the colors into one big blob."
Sorting through environmental terminology

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Tech Gallery: BAM! Boo Bicycles Headed to NAHBS
- By VeloNews.com
- Published Feb. 26, 2010
- Updated Oct. 11, 2012 at 5:09 PM EDT
[nggallery id=78]
Earlier this week on Singletrack.com, we got a sneak preview of a sweet, one-off, belt-driven Black Sheep titanium singlespeed headed east to the North American Handmade Bicycle Show in Richmond, Virginia.
Now, to whet your appetite for our upcoming coverage of more sweet bikes, we stole an advance look at some hybrid bamboo-carbon bikes built by Boo Bicycles. Just after finishing the final assembly of his show bikes, owner Nick Frey stopped by Singletrack.com to show off his creations before packing and shipping them for display. One of them was a custom, belt- singlespeed 29er mountain bike.
Check out more photos and the story of Boo Bicycles at Velonews.com.
FILED UNDER: 29er / Bikes and Tech / MTB TAGS: Boo Bicycles / James Wolf / Nick Frey / singlespeed


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Now that the dust is settling after the Jonathan Ross affair, it should be possible to engage in some considered reflection. I have to admit that I have never knowingly watched or listened to him; I gave up on TV and radio comedy many years ago, because I no longer found the shows funny. I don't think that I am being unduly prudish: I find some lewd jokes extremely funny, but not lewdness just for the sake of it.
But this modern style of entertainment is evidently popular, judging by the amount of money that TV companies are prepared to pay for it. Why was Jonathan Ross being paid such an enormous salary (£6 million a year, no less)? At the time, the BBC justified it on the grounds that they had to outbid the opposition! Some eyebrows were indeed raised – but only at the magnitude of the offer, not at who or what it was paying for. And nobody, as far as I can recall, threatened to withhold their licence fee because the BBC chose to spend it on the kind of entertainment provided by Jonathan Ross.
So, having approved the employment of such an individual, how much can we complain when he simply does his job? It's almost like buying a tiger cub or baby crocodile as a pet, and then feigning surprise when it grows up and bites somebody. "Pushing the boundaries" is the term sometimes used for that style of comedy, I think; but if boundaries are there to be disregarded, can we blame people for overstepping them? What let Ross (and Brand) down in the end was only their poor choice of target; for if it had been anyone less popular and respected than Andrew Sachs, they would, I think, probably have got away with it.


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With hand held devices becoming commonplace in our personal and business lives, we are constantly in search for outlets, adaptors, and batteries. Whether we like it or not, cell phones, MP3 players, PDAs, iPods, and other 5V acronym devices adorn our bodies as if it were a Christmas tree. If that's not enough, there is one more hand-held gadget that I recently picked up. It's called a HYmini, and it serves as "green energy in your hand."
HYmini is a universal charger that can harness solar energy, wind power, or the conventional power from your wall. In essence, it is a mini-power station that can charge the above mentioned devices. Its lithium ion polymer rechargeable battery can complete ~500 recharge cycles and can store up to 1000mAh of capacity. Through a typical outlet, it takes 4 hours to completely charge (you have to use the outlet the first time to charge your battery completely, but after that you can rely on the portable solar battery or supplemental wind power to charge the HYmini). The wind turbine most efficiently runs off of 9-30 mph winds but can reach a maximum of 40 mph. Armbands and bike holders are available to strap to yourself (while running, skating, snowboarding etc) or your bike to harness wind power. Coming sometime this year, a car attachment will be available to purchase so the HYmini can be used while driving. Solar battery attachments (which are sold separately for $24.99) carry a 0.7W capacity and have effectively kept my HYmini partially charged through the week.
The HYmini basic package ($49.99) comes with a HYmini + AC/DC power adaptor + USB transfer cable + 5 phone adaptors (Nokia, LG, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, & Samsung). To make this basic package solely green, you would have to rely strictly on the wind turbine, which the company does not recommend. I personally recommend getting the solar panel attachment which plugs into the HYmini's DC input jack. The panel has supplied enough renewable energy to the HYmini to keep my cell phone and iPOD charged. If you want to charge more, you would potentially need a 2nd solar panel.
Visit HYmini.com for more information and more specials. They currently have a "Winter Sport Special" where you get a HYmini, solar panel, and armband kit for ~$70.
If this is not an immediate purchase for you, please make sure that your other "chargers" don't remain plugged in during the duration of the day. Eliminating the vampire power (power consumed by electric devices while in standby mode) from your footprint can have a significant impact in our dealings with climate change.
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Summer Camps Featured on MetroScope
Gary Bloxom of MetroScope interviewed music faculty Emily Ross and Justin Smith about Marylhurst's summer camps.
September 9 - October 23, 2005
Mike Rathbun and Diane Jacobs have been working all summer to build site-specific, labor-intensive installations in The Art Gym's main space and Gallery 2, respectively. The Regional Arts and Culture Council has supported both artists' presentations through its Artist Project Grants. RACC's annual program of direct grants to artists has proven to be instrumental in fostering new work in our region, and The Art Gym is once again the fortunate site for these endeavors.
– Terri Hopkins, Director and Curator The Art Gym
Mike Rathbun: N45°23.871' W122°38.864'
Since 1995, Mike Rathbun has titled 11 constructions and installations by their geographic coordinates.
The Marylhurst installation makes it an even dozen.
Often his installations employ skeletal constructions of boats suspended above or lying alongside wave-like wood structures. These ambitious projects have been sponsored by sculpture parks, contemporary art institutes and university galleries, including Franconia Sculpture Park and the Minneapolis Institute of Art in Minnesota; Socrates Sculpture Park in Long Island City, New York; and Claremont Graduate University and California State University in San Bernardino.
In a recent conversation, Rathbun mentioned his interest in The Log from the Sea of Cortez, author John Steinbeck and biologist Ed Ricketts' account of their 1940 trip to the narrow sea between Baja California and the Mexican mainland. Rathbun was particularly interested in a passage in the book where the authors assert that truth is the ocean and a compass bearing. For the past 10 years, Rathbun has sought to make work that creates, like a compass bearing taken at sea, an experience that is both anchored in and transcends a specific place and time.
The desire to reference this type of experience grew out of a 70-mile solo voyage Rathbun took across Lake Superior in a handmade sailboat in 1995. As the son and brother of Baptist ministers, it also rises out of his religious tradition.
In The Art Gym (N45°23.871' W122°38.864') the public can explore and think about a set of three interrelated structures: a "wave floor," a suspended 20-foot-long boat and a ceiling-high matrix of 2,800 linear feet of two-by-twos that the artist hand-cut and split from logs over a period of two and one-half months.
Rathbun's installation engages The Art Gym's particular spatial qualities. The work calls attention to the grand volume of space overhead and changes the experience of the gallery floor by overlaying it with a rippling sea of wood, thereby offering visitors the opportunity metaphorically to "walk on water."
In addition to the RACC Artist Project Grant that supports this installation, Mike Rathbun's work has been recognized with many prestigious grants and fellowships, including a Pollock-Krasner Foundation grant, Minnesota Artist Fellowship, Bush Artist Fellowship and The Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts Artist grant.
Gallery 2
Diane Jacobs: Cross Hairs
In 1993, Diane Jacobs shaved her head. She describes the experience as liberating and writes that it freed her from the identity associated with her hair type: brown, tightly coiling and curly. As her hair grew back, she began saving it, rolling it into hairballs and using it as a material for sculpture. Her current installation, Cross Hairs, employs much of her own hair in this way and also incorporates ponytails from friends, relatives and acquaintances.
Jacobs is also interested in words and past installations have often highlighted the great variety of words we have for any given thing. In much of her work, Jacobs uses her skill as a letterpress printer and her knowledge and love of typeface to present these words in a myriad of fonts and sizes within carefully crafted sculptural contexts. In Jacobs's 2004 installation Language as My Witness at the Oregon College of Art and Craft, hundreds of words used to disparage women were the subject of Jacobs' delicate sculptures – providing not only a listing, but also an opportunity for reckoning.
Cross Hairs presents as its subject the many words in the language that describe hair – words that are often negative – unruly, kinky, oily, dull and wispy. It also features words that name hairstyles: mullet, mohawk and momoware, cornrows and peyos, bob and flattop. The installation also uses materials and furnishings frequently found in bathrooms and beauty parlors, those places of narcissistic encounters with mirrors, and sites of discarded locks and tangles.
An elegant wall of toilet paper tubes is embedded with plastic spheres that magnify the names of hairstyles and several large mirrors on the walls and floor reflect the visitor's image midst a small cone of hairballs.
Jacobs uses this installation to place the great variety of hair types and the visceral and cultural reactions we have to hair in the cross hairs of our vision.
Diane Jacobs has exhibited widely and has presented solo exhibitions at the Oregon College of Art and Craft, California State University at Stanislaus, Frumkin/Duval Gallery in Santa Monica, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Artists Gallery and Gallery Paule Anglim in San Francisco. She has participated in numerous group shows, most recently including 2005 shows at the California Legion of Honor, the Center for Book & Paper Arts, Columbia College in Chicago and the Getty Research Institute in Los Angeles.
Gary Bloxom of MetroScope interviewed music faculty Emily Ross and Justin Smith about Marylhurst's summer camps.
Join Meg Roland's History of the Book class for an evening celebrating the life and journey of books! We will have many books on display from Shoen...
Meet our BFA in Art students as they present their thesis exhibition in The Art Gym. Each year The Art Gym presents an exhibition of the work of ...
Select works from student artists produced in the 2015-16 year will be on display in Mayer Gallery. Meet the artists at the opening reception.
Help us meet our million dollar challenge! Choose "The Art Gym - Endowment Challenge" from the Giving Options menu when you give via our online form.
Would you like to receive news about The Art Gym's exhibitions and events?


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The Cartographers Guild is a forum created by and for map makers and aficionados, a place where every aspect of cartography can be admired, examined, learned, and discussed. Our membership consists of professional designers and artists, hobbyists, and amateursall are welcome to join and participate in the quest for cartographic skill and knowledge.
Although we specialize in maps of fictional realms, as commonly used in both novels and games (both tabletop and role-playing), many Guild members are also proficient in historical and contemporary maps. Likewise, we specialize in computer-assisted cartography (such as with GIMP, Adobe apps, Campaign Cartographer, Dundjinni, etc.), although many members here also have interest in maps drafted by hand.
If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ. You will have to register before you can post or view full size images in the forums.
If I wait until I am working on something that will look great, I may never share anything.
So here is a quick and dirty massing model for a small Utility spacecraft that I am working on (all rights reserved).
Forum Rules


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Call Now! 800-498-1750
Afzelia, a strong, hard wood from tropical Africa is one of the most valuable woods available today. The name Afzelia refers to "African Wood" and is often traded under the name doussie. This exotic wood yields a strong durability with a luxurious finish sure to make an great first impression on visitors to your home or office.
It is an exotic species with very few knots in its grain. Typically, Afzelia's grain is straight, yet interlocked and has a medium luster. The heartwood is mostly brown to red while the sapwood contrasts with yellow to white. Afzelia does take stain well because of its yellow pore deposits. You will not find knots in this sturdy African exotic.
Typical uses of Afzelia are fine wood floorings, stair rails, cabinets, and decorative doors. Because of its high value and contrasting grains, this flooring is sure to impress your guests. Using Afzelia in a foyer with heavy traffic makes an excellent stage for this African star.
Afzelia has a medium luster with a coarse texture. It sands very smoothly and polishes beautifully. Because of Afzelia's strength, almost identical to that of Hickory's, it is a flooring choice offered for longevity. When nailed down it has excellent holding ability and nailing the optimal installation for this product. Afzelia's strength also provides high resistance to termites.
The core of this wood can sometimes leak a yellow die that can stain textiles, so finding a product that has been properly dried is important. It is Afzelia's yellow coloring that allows flooring stains bring out the beauty of this highly valuable hard wood. If you want a flooring choice that endures and that people will talk about, this African beauty is for you.


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MA STEM Summit
The upcoming MA STEM Summit will be held on Tuesday, November 10, 2015, from 7:30am - 4pm, at the DCU Center, in Worcester, MA. This annual event promotes Science, Technology, Engineering and Math education and workforce development, from early childhood through adulthood. Now in its second decade, the Summit convenes the state's educators, business leaders, policymakers, parents, students, and others to share strategies, initiatives, and ideas. For more information, please visit: http://www.mass-stem-summit.org/.
Future City Competition
Future City is an annual, team-based transformative education program designed for 6th, 7th, and 8th grade students in which students imagine and design cities of the future and explain the underlying technologies and design principles that would make their city possible. For more information, please visit: http://futurecity.org/new-england. To register, visit: http://futurecity.org/register
Skilled Careers in Life Sciences Initative
The SCILS Initiative is a 4 year $5 million project led by the Boston Office of Jobs and Community Services (JCS) on behalf of the Metro Boston region. Funded in April 2012 by an H1B Technical Skills Training grant from the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, the SCILS Initiative will improve career opportunities for residents of the Greater Boston area and provide a more highly trained life science workforce for our healthcare and biotechnology sectors. The Initiative will target occupations such as Biological Technicians and Medical Lab Technicians and support occupational training, contextualized learning, customized training, program development and the recruitment, case management and placement of eligible participants.
Visit the SCILS website to find out more about the initiative and training opportunities to begin a career as a Biological Technician or Medical Lab Technician!
Metro North "Bridging the Workforce Gap" STEM event a great success (July, 2013)
Over eighty education, training, and workforce development professionals attended a unique event this past June, entitled "Bridging the Workforce Gap: In-Demand Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Occupations in the Metro North Region." Presented by the Metro North Regional Employment Board (REB), and held at the Microsoft New England Research and Development Center in Cambridge, MA, the event was designed for professionals who are interested in learning more about the viable local STEM opportunities that are available to their customers and students. The event focused on eight (8) occupations, all of which are both locally in-demand and offer opportunities for workers to develop skillsets that correspond to career pathways within a specific Metro North priority industry. Through a combination of videos and interactive discussion, the event highlighted the following careers:Computer Support Specialist and Software Developer (IT); Biomedical Technician and Quality Control Technician (Life Sciences); Clinical Lab Assistant and Medical Lab Technician (Healthcare); and CNC Operator and Mechanical Engineer (Advanced Manufacturing).
In addition, four brief videos were created specifically for the event are now available on the website www.drkit.com. Each video features professionals in one of four separate in-demand STEM occupations explaining various aspects of their jobs, including: a typical day, required qualifications, and the "best/worst" aspects of the job. To view these videos, please click on the following links:
Mechanical Design Draftsman (Adam)
Quality Control Bioassay Analyst (Jess)
Senior Software Engineer (Ben)
Medical Laboratory Technician (Bethany)
Speakers included: Reed Brockman, Chair of the Metro North Youth Council, Member of the Metro North REB, and Senior Structural Engineer/Coordinating Inspection Team Leader for AECOM; Joanna Dowling, Chair of the Metro North REB and Director of Operations, Custom Group, Inc.; Pat Hogan, Professor at Suffolk University and Member of the Metro North STEM Partnership; and Meelynn Wong, Associate Director, Metro North REB.
Click here to
download a presentation by Meelynn Wong, REB Associate Director, entitled "Labor
Market Information on STEM Occupations in the Metro North Region."
Next generation science standards released
(Originally published in U.S. News & World Report, April 15, 2013)
By Kelsey Sheehy -- Science education in the United States is not up to snuff. Most high schoolstudents can scratch the scientific surface – follow instructions, conduct experiments – but few succeed at analysis and explanation, two critical components of real-world inquiry, studies reveal. The Next Generation Science Standards aim to change all that. Released last week, the standards follow in the footsteps of the Common Core State Standards for math and reading by setting a uniform benchmark and encouraging depth over breadth in science curriculums. [Read more....]
White House seeks nominations for 2014 presidential award
The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science Foundation seek nominations of individuals and organizations that have demonstrated at least five years of excellence in mentoring students, trainees, and/or early career scientists and engineers from groups that are underrepresented in STEM, including women, people with disabilities, underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, as well as individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds and some geographic regions (such as urban and rural regions). Awardees of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering Metntoring (PAESMEM) will receive a $10,000 honorary Presidential award and are invited to participate in recognition events and meetings with STEM policy leaders in Washington, D.C. For more information visit: http://www.nsf.gov/publications/pub_summ.jsp?ods_key=nsf13044
U.S. Department of Energy has launched a new online feature, Women @ Energy
Women @ Energy, showcases a few of the talented and dedicated employees at the U.S. Department of Engergy who are helping change the world, ensuring America's security and prosperity through transformative science and technology solutions. The feature enables you to view profiles of women across the country, read about what inspired them to work in STEM and what excites them about their work at the Energy Department, share ideas for getting more underrepresented groups engaged in STEM, offering tips, and more. For more information please visit: http://energy.gov/diversity/listings/women-energy
Massachusetts' "WOW" Initiative
As part of the 8th Annual Massachusetts STEM Summit, Lieutenant Governor Timothy Murray announced the launch of the "WOW Initiative", a statewide public awareness campaign designed to engage, educate and "wow" Massachusetts students into realizing the opportunities in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) careers. As part of the project, Massachusetts schools will receive a series of videos highting various opportunities, as well as individuals who are applying their STEM skills, such as Boston Red Sox statistician Bill James, Harmonix Music Systems video game designer Jim Toepel and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute's ocean researcher Amy Kukulya. This video introduces the WOWsters. http://www.youtube.com/embed/s9zQ6-CYLq0?
Major report on manufacturing in Massachusetts released
"Staying Power II: A Report Card on
Manufacturing in Massachusetts 2012" is an update of a 2008 study that
onveys positive news about the resiliency of the state's sector. Click
here to access the report.
Massachusetts State Science & Engineering Fair seeks judges, mentors, advocates, students
The Massachusetts State Science & Engineering Fair, Inc. (MSSEF) is a non-profit organization committed to increasing awareness of, exposure to, and participation in inquiry-based learning through the development of science and engineering projects by middle school and high school students. Through its Curious Minds Initiative, MSSEF offers graduate courses for teachers leading to the STEM Certificate in Inquiry at Framingham State University.
Ways to get involved:
1. Be a science fair judge. Opportunities exist at the middle and high school levels and for statewide, regional, and school district fairs.
2. Mentor science fair students and science teachers.
3. Help develop a science fair program in a school.
4. Become a STEM education advocate. Promote the need for students to choose STEM education and careers.
5. Enter your students in a fair! Massachusetts State Science & Engineering Fairs are open to students in grades 6-12 from all public, private and parochial schools throughout the state.
For additional information please visit: www.massscifair.com, or email email@example.com.


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Video: Vietnam Delegation Visits Oregon for State Partnership Program Workshop
Video by Master Sgt. Thomas Hovie
News Package: Vietnam delegation visits Oregon during Oregon National Guard State Partnership Program workshop in Portland, Ore., April 14-19. Interview: Lt. Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel, Vice Chief, National Guard Bureau RT: 1:20 (Video by Oregon National Guard Public Affairs Office) Available in High Definition.
This work, Vietnam Delegation Visits Oregon for State Partnership Program Workshop, by MSG Thomas Hovie, identified by DVIDS, is free of known copyright restrictions under U.S. copyright law.
Date Taken:04.20.2013
Date Posted:04.26.2013 4:58PM
Video ID:288259
Location:PORTLAND, OR, US


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cases remain within its domain.
It said the government should apply the provision only to the taxpayer who earned capital gains (the seller) and suggested that no taxpayer in such cases be asked to pay interest and penalty on the tax computed.
The Sanofi case came up for hearing on Friday and law firm Economic Laws Practice appeared for the petitioners. Rohit Jain, partner, Economic Laws Practice, said: This is a good judgment and sets out the law as applicable by the Indo-French treaty which continues even after retrospective amendments.
According to the counsel, the transaction of the sale of shares of ShanH by the French company Sanofi is not a design for tax avoidance. The transaction is chargeable to tax in France, in terms of the provisions of the DTAA, and retrospective amendments to the Income Tax Act have no impact on the DTAA.
Earlier also, the Andhra Pradesh High Court had dismissed the plea of the tax authorities against the Authority for Advanced Rulings (AAR) admission of Sanofis application regarding the Shantha Biotech deal.


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1940's Retro Candy Gift Box
3 Recommendations
John_and_Rose's recommendation
This Retro Candy Gift Box is full of favorite nostalgic candy. The box contains Abba Zabba, Beemans Gum, Bit O'Honey, Bubble Gum Cigars, Candy Buttons, Candy Cigarettes, Chuckles Jelly Candy, Cow Tales, Giant Smarties, Jujubes, Jujyfruits, Jumbo Mint Stick, Oh Henry, Pearson's Salted Nut Roll, Red Hots, Rock Candy Crystals Box, Sen Sen, Sugar Daddy Pops, Teaberry Gum, Tootsie Pops, Bulls Eyes Caramel Creams, Chick O Stick Nuggets, Necco Assorted Wafers, Root Beer Barrels, Black Taffy, Tootsie Roll Midgees & Walnettos.
My Collections:
1002's recommendation
Obviously, if you know someone from the 40's this will make the perfect gift. The five senses evoke all kinds of memories from the past- the eye popping sight, the delicious taste, and the sweet candy smells will bring back fond memories. Included in the gift basket is: abba zabba, beeman's, bit o honey, bubble gum cigars, candy ciggarettes, chuckles jelly candy, cow tales, jujy fruits, oh henry, salted nut rolls and more. the box weighs 2 1/2 pounds and is 8x5x8.
My Collections:
vtjccc's recommendation
Great gift box with all kinds of candy from the '40s, including King Chuckle and Jujubees!!


text: swapped off my car snow tires for the OEM all seasons, so spring bike rides are right around the corner. we still have ice and run-off re-freezing on the road shoulders and the craters are horrendous. saw a neighbor come back from a ride but he was walking his bike. wonder how it went.


text: Our Providers Stephen D. Ryan, MD, MPH Medical Director, ElderONE Dr. Ryan is very excited to return to the Rochester General Health System, newly developed Long Term Care and Senior Services division as it builds an integrated approach to care for seniors. He joins 6 geriatricians and their teams that lead across the continuum of care. He believes that ElderONE-PACE has always provided extraordinary opportunities to care for patients and their families who would otherwise require long term nursing home care. And ElderONE-PACE will serve as a working laboratory of how coordinated care can be successful under CMMS – proposed bundled payment plans. MEDICAL SCHOOL: University of Buffalo RESIDENCY: Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center FELLOWSHIP: Geriatrics & Primary Care Research, John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center BOARD CERTIFICATION: Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Hospice & Palliative Care Alfred A. Malomo, MD Attending Geriatrics / Primary Care Physician With a passion of caring for the elderly in our community, Dr. Malomo comes with some enthusiasm and wealth of experience that spans both the surgical and medical specialties. His goal with ElderONE, formerly Independent Living for Seniors, is to provide the care that fully guarantees the maintenance of the independence of our community dwelling elderly for as long as can be possibly and safely accomplished. Dr. Malomo enjoys being a team player and embraces the interdisciplinary team concept that ElderONE employs in the team approach to solving the care needs of our participants all through the continuum of their care. He encourages regular meetings between participants, their families and the members of the care team aimed at updating the former of the clinical circumstances of our participants, securing inputs from the families in formulating care plans that meet the needs of our participants. MEDICAL SCHOOL: University of Ibadan, Nigeria RESIDENCY: Orthopaedics, University of Ibadan; General Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and England FELLOWSHIP: Geriatrics, Oregon Health and Science University; Internal Medicine, Harlem Hospital Center - Columbia University BOARD CERTIFICATIONS: Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine Anne Olinger, MD Attending Geriatrics / Primary Care Physician + Learn more about ElderONE, formerly Independent Living for Seniors 2066 Hudson Avenue Rochester, NY 14617 Phone: (585) 922-2831 Toll-free: (855) 457-4636 Toll-free TTY: (800) 662-1220


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The crash happened Thursday, March 18th, 2010, close to 6:28 p.m. It happened on Maxon Road at Graf Road in unincorporated Harvard, IL.
The bike rider, 25 year old Christoper M. Schaaf of Harvard, was killed.
Investigators say Schaaf was riding north on Maxon Road when he failed to yield to a dark colored, full sized, pickup truck. It was reportedly a newer model, possibly a Chevrolet, long bed and a single, chrome exhaust pipe under the rear passenger side bumper. The truck was last seen westbound on Graf Road.
Report any information to McHenry County Crimestoppers at 1-800-763-STOP. A reward of up to $1,000 is offered for information leading to an arrest.


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Home Fix: Dwight Barnett answers home-improvement questions. This week's topic is on how to level the steps of an old staircase.
Q: We live in a 1948, three-level Cape Cod home. The steps leading to our finished basement appear to have been rather rustically homemade. We've torn the carpeting and padding off them and they all slant forward, as if they all need some type of shim/spacer underneath the front portion of each step.
I'd love to simply use some type of leverage on each step plank, lift it up a bit and insert a spacer to even it out, then nail that back down and refinish. Is there another solution that doesn't involve replacing the entire set of steps?
A: There are two things that separate good carpenters from those who simply do a rough framing of a house. One is crown molding, which takes years of skill to develop a beautifully finished product. The other is fabrication of the stairs.
How is this done?
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First, the carpenter measures the height of the stairs from the floor above to the floor below. He then measures the maximum length allowable for the stairs to make sure there is no obstruction at the bottom of the landing.
The carpenter then divides the height of the stairs by 8 inches, the average maximum allowable height of a single riser, and, with any luck, he will get an even number. With an 8-foot-high basement wall, you will almost always end up with 14 steps, with each riser having a height of 7-9/16 inches.
You also have to maintain a 6-foot 8-inch headroom clearance from the risers to the floor or floor joists above. Sometimes that means relocating one of the home's floor joists or reinstalling it at an angle.
In the 1990s, codes allowed for a maximum of a 2 percent slope of the treads, but that provision does not appear in the most recent issues of the International Residential Code, so your stairs may have originally been constructed with a slope.
If you really want to pry each tread loose and shim them to make them level, use a handy bar. It's similar to a crowbar, but smaller and with a thinner profile. You are less likely to damage the wood with this.
Hammer the flat end of the handy bar in between the tread and the stair's stringer and carefully raise the treads just enough to drive in a wood shim. The old wood tread is dry and could crack under pressure.
Since prying will be moving the nail that secures the tread, I would suggest you use wood screws to reattach the treads you shim. Drill a pilot hole first to avoid cracking or damaging the wood.
Dwight Barnett is a certified master inspector with the American Society of Home Inspectors. Write to him with home-improvement questions at firstname.lastname@example.com. Sorry, no personal replies. Always consult local contractors and codes.


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(Out-of-state alumnus, appointed July 2012)
Mr. George J. Collins is the current Managing Partner of Collins Capital Investors Trust LL, LP located in Florida. Prior to his current role, Mr. Collins served as Chairman, President and CEO for T. Rowe Price Associates from 1984-1997. Before ascending to the role of CEO, he served as a director within the firm and created the fixed-income division in 1971. Prior to joining T. Rowe Price, he worked as a Senior Security Analyst for United States Fidelity & Guaranty. Upon graduation from the Virginia Military Institute in 1962, Mr. Collins commissioned and served in the United States Air Force until 1967, serving as a Squadron Commander at the rank of Captain, and was awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal. He was raised in West Haven Connecticut where he attended Notre Dame High School.
While attending VMI, Mr. Collins was a star athlete and was later inducted into the VMI Sports Hall of Fame for his significant achievements in NCAA Swimming. He earned a Bachelor of Arts, an MBA with distinction from American University (1970) and completed the Stanford University Executive program in 1982.
Mr. Collins currently serves on the Baltimore National Seaport Advisory Board. He is a past trustee with VMI Investment Holdings LLC, has served as the Chairman of the Board for The American University, and also Chairman of the World Trade Center Institute. He was also on the boards of Loyola College in Baltimore, Living Classrooms Foundation, Stanford University School of Business, Morgan State Business School, and the Maryland Academy of Sciences. His extensive community involvement includes service with the YMCA of Greater Baltimore, Associated Catholic Charities, honorary Chairman for the Leukemia Cup (1995-1997), South Baltimore Learning Center (1998), Annapolis Hospice Cup (1998), and Stadium Place (2000-2001). Additionally he has served as the chairman, Baltimore City Task Force on Homelessness (1999-2000).
His extensive awards include the Catholic Charities Distinguished Service Award, American University Alumni Achievement Award, International YMCA Distinguished Service Award, medallion of honor from the Virginians in Maryland, Business Leader of the Year – Loyola College, Baltimore, SAMA Medal—Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in addition to a number of awards, trophies and accolades received as a yachtsman. Mr. Collins is the Founder, Skipper and Syndicate Head of Chessie Racing with the Whitbread 60 Yacht Racing Team and participated in the 1997-1998 Whitbread Round the World Race.
George Collins and his wife, Maureen, reside in Miami Beach, Florida. They have three children.


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We do not live in a perfect world. The fact that you're visiting our site – home to one of the country's leading security and loss prevention companies – is testament to this unfortunate reality. We live in a world where people will stop at nothing to do financial and/or physical harm to your interests. Thankfully, there is a perfect, cost-efficient solution to protect what's important to you.
For well over a decade, Cam Connections (CCI) has provided custom-tailored security and loss prevention programs for hundreds of America's leading businesses and government agencies. Our experienced staff, comprised of some of the country's best trained security, loss prevention and technology specialists, forms the foundation of CCI's elite security team; professionals whose focus is on complete client satisfaction.
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Come on in; the water's fine!
Our hope is that you will quickly discover how Citylight is the best kind of family; a community united by grace.
We understand that meeting a new group of people can seem intimidating, we want to alleviate any anxiety that you might feel by telling you what to expect.
New to Citylight?
There is a place for you at Citylight! There is a place for you to serve and there is a place for you to be served.
Come find your fit!
There are always events right around the corner that make connecting with Citylight regulars easy!


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Headaches have occurred to almost everyone at some point. These headaches can range from mild irritations to a debilitating pain crisis that demands immediate treatment. Headaches are researched across the medical community, but causes remain a mystery.
The medical community has broken headaches into a few easily classified categories. Primary headaches are by far the most common variety, while cluster and secondary headaches are far rarer. Most headaches have no life threatening significance, although secondary headaches can signal another problem at work in the brain.
Primary Headaches: Most headaches fall into the category of primary headaches, and are usually easily treated by over the counter solutions. Ibuprofen and Aleve are usually effective treatments for problems involving primary headaches with some side effects involved.
Cluster Headaches: More serious headaches, like cluster headaches, demand specialized treatment. Other effective treatments for headaches are therapeutic measures such as biofeedback, massage, and psychotherapy. These are good ways to prevent headaches prior to their onset. The majority of headaches can be traced to a stress related cause.
Several hours of physical exertion can definitely trigger a stress related headache. The muscles in the skull can contract under pressure, causing discomfort. Treatment is fairly simple, but prevention is a more effective means of reducing headache pain.
Secondary Headaches:
Frequent headaches that last for weeks or months may be a sign of a more serious condition. Headache treatment in these situations may revolve around diagnosing a more serious issue. Headaches that occur constantly and at random may signal a more serious issue at work.
This kind of headache, known as a secondary headaches, can signify internal bleeding, tumour growth, or chemical imbalances. It is important to see a specialist whenever problems of this kind present in the patient. Prompt care can prevent the root cause of secondary headaches from turning into a larger issue.
Preventing headache pain usually means finding the cause of the onset in the first place. If emotionally stressful are bringing on the pain, some sort of stress management should be undertaken. Hours of physical labour should be broken up by regular breaks to prevent the outbreak of stress related headaches.
Natural Supplements:
Riboflavin Riboflavin is also known as Vitamin B-2. It plays a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. It is yellow or yellow-orange in color. In addition to being used as a food coloring it is also used to fortify foods such as baby-foods, breakfast cereal, pastas, processed cheese, fruit drinks and sauces. It is also widely used in vitamin supplements.
Coenzyme Q 10:
(CoQ10) First identified in 1957, Coenzyme Q 10 is also known as "Ubiquinone" because it is found everywhere in the body. The highest amounts are in the heart, liver and pancreas. The lowest amounts are in the lungs.
Magnesium is a mineral that is used for many purposes. The hsbaltimore, Health Series Institue e-Alert (September 14, 2004) website informs us a good intake of magnesium may promote bone flexibility, help prevent type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Recent studies show that magnesium is also essential for keeping your teeth healthy. There have also been studies on a relationship between magnesium and headaches. A study by A. Studies also showed magnesium deficiencies to be common in those who suffer from migraines. Another study has found sufficient, though not definitive, evidence of magnesium's ability to help treat migraines. Current recommendations are to take 500-1000 mg of magnesium per day.
The Bottom Line:
The three natural remedies for migraine headache discussed here all have shown promising results as affective natural headache remedies. When looking at alternative treatments for migraines, these three appear to be at the top of charts. But the two biggest advantages alternative treatments have over prescription medications is their lack of side effects, and the fact that you are not going to go broke trying these supplements for migraines. These points plus the positive test results shown should be reason to include nutritional supplementation to help treat migraines.
BEST SELLER:Enzymatic's Petadolex
STAFF PICK:Solaray's Butterbur Extract


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As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on June 18, 2014
S. 1771 would modify features of the Crooked River Project located in central Oregon and prioritize how water from the project would be allocated for different uses. Based on information from the Bureau of Reclamation, CBO estimates that enacting S. 1771 would increase offsetting receipts (which are treated as reductions in direct spending) by $1 million over the 2014-2024 period; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. The legislation would not affect revenues or spending subject to appropriation.
The main features of the Crooked River Project include the Bowman Dam, the Prineville Reservoir, and the Ochoco Dam and Reservoir located in the Ochoco Irrigation District. Enacting two provisions of S. 1771 would reduce direct spending over the next 10 years. Those provisions would:
CBO estimates that implementing other provisions of the bill would have no significant effect on the federal budget.
S. 1771 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. Public entities, such as local governments and irrigation districts, would benefit from greater access to federal water resources and the development of hydropower. Any costs to those entities would be incurred as conditions of federal aid.
On August 2, 2013, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for H.R. 2640, the Central Oregon Jobs and Water Security Act, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Natural Resources on July 24, 2013. The two pieces of legislation are similar and CBO's estimates of their costs are the same.


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Some paint shops would use the repaint frame decals that they had when they repainted the bike. I wouldn't put too much emphasis on the 501 part of the sticker...it just means that the shop was out of 531 stickers, when they did the repaint.
I am not certain which bike you are referring to when you say that it looks just like that...the Mark 4 or the Mark 5?


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I'm trying to create a script to completely automate joining the domain to use during a wds image deployment. I don't want to use the WAIK option because the password is stored in plain text in the xml file. So I've found some powershell scripts online that look like they could work.
This is the command I used to create my encrypted file which contains the password.
read-host -assecurestring | convertfrom-securestring | out-file C:\securestring.txt
Here's the script I'm using.
$domain = "MYDOMAIN.COM"
$password = cat C:\securestring.txt | ConvertTo-SecureString -Force
$username = "$domain\MYUSERNAME"
$credential = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($username,$password)
Add-Computer -DomainName $domain -Credential $credential
Here's the error I'm getting.
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
PS C:\> $domain = "MYDOMAIN.COM"
PS C:\> $password = cat C:\securestring.txt | ConvertTo-Secure
String -Force
ConvertTo-SecureString : Cannot process argument because the value of argument
"input" is invalid. Change the value of the "input" argument and run the operat
ion again.
At line:1 char:66
+ $password = cat C:\securestring.txt | ConvertTo-SecureString <<<< -Force
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidArgument: (:) [ConvertTo-SecureString], P
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : ImportSecureString_InvalidArgument,Microsoft.Pow