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The Trial of the Templarsby Malcolm Barber
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Malcolm Barber's classic The Trial of the Templars recounts the dramatic demise of this elite military force in the fourteenth century. Having fought against Islam in the crusades in the East for nearly two centuries, in October 1307 the members of this respected Order were arrested on the order of Philip IV, King of France and charged with serious heresies, including homosexuality and the denial of Christ. Finding resonances between the fourteenth-century trial and contemporary events, Barber's classic account endeavours to tackle the unresolved controversies surrounding the consequences of the trial and includes discussions in the context of new work on the crusades, heresy, the papacy and the French monarchy.
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Product Details
- 9781107387041
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
- Publication date:
- 03/26/2012
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- Canto Classics
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Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-85639-3 - THE TRIAL OF THE TEMPLARS - by MALCOLM BARBER
The Templars were a military religious Order, founded in the Holy Land in 1119. During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries they acquired extensive property both in the crusader states in Palestine and Syria and in the West, especially in France, and they were granted far-reaching ecclesiastical and jurisdictional privileges both by the popes to whom they were immediately responsible, and by the secular monarchs in whose lands their members resided. They also functioned as bankers on a large scale, a position facilitated by the international nature of their organisation. But most of all they bore a large share of the responsibility for the military defence of the crusader states in the East, to which they owed their origin and on account of which they had become so famous and powerful. However, in 1291, the Christian settlers of the East were driven out of Palestine by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the Templars were cut adrift from the main purpose of their existence.
Suddenly, in the early hours of Friday 13 October 1307, the brothers of this Order residing in France were arrested by the officials of King Philip IV in the name of the papal inquisitors, and their property was taken over by royal representatives. They were charged with serious heresies encompassing the denial of Christ and spitting on the crucifix, indecent kissing and homosexuality, and idolworship, carried on in secret receptions and chapter meetings of the Order. In October and November, the captured Templars, including James of Molay, the grand master, and Hugh of Pairaud, the visitor, almost unanimously confessed their guilt. Torture was freely used upon many of the prisoners. Molay then repeated his confession before a public assembly of theologians from the university of Paris. For his part King Philip wrote to the other monarchs of Christendom urging them to follow his lead and to arrest the Templars in their own lands, for the confessions had proved them to be manifest heretics.
The reigning pope, Clement V, at first saw the arrests as a direct affront to his authority, for the Templars were responsible to the papacy, and although the previous summer there had been discussions between the pope and the king concerning the condition of the Order, Clement had not actually authorised the arrests. However, after his initial anger, he was forced to accept the situation and, instead of resisting, endeavoured to put himself in charge. On 22 November 1307 he issued the bull Pastoralis praeeminentiae, which ordered all the monarchs of Christendom to arrest the Templars and sequester their lands in the name of the papacy. This bull initiated proceedings in the British Isles, Iberia, Germany, Italy and Cyprus. Two cardinals were then sent to Paris to interview the leaders of the Order personally. But, once in front of the papal representatives, Molay and Pairaud revoked their confessions and urged the rest of the Templars to do the same.
By now the pope had become highly suspicious of the whole affair and, early in 1308, he suspended the inquisitorial proceedings. Philip IV and his ministers were obliged to spend the next six months in an attempt to force the pope to reopen the trial, both by the marshalling of public and theological opinion in France, and by the implicit threat of physical violence against the pope himself. This campaign culminated in a meeting between the pope and the king at Poitiers in May and June, 1308, in which, after much debate, the pope finally agreed to set up two kinds of inquiry: one by a papal commission into the Order itself, and another consisting of a series of provincial councils, held at diocesan level, to investigate the guilt or innocence of individual Templars. Furthermore, a general council of the Church was arranged, to be held at Vienne in October 1310, to make a final decision in the matter. Meanwhile, three cardinals were sent to Chinon to hear the depositions of the leaders of the Order who were imprisoned there, only to find that they had reverted to their original confessions.
The episcopal inquiries, which were largely dominated by bishops closely associated with the French monarchy, seem to have begun work in 1309, and it appears that in most cases the Templars repeated their confessions, once again under pressure from extensive torture. The papal commission investigating the Order as a whole did not begin its sittings until November 1309. Initially it appeared that the familiar pattern of confessions would be followed, but at first falteringly and then with gathering momentum, the brothers, led by two able Templar priests, Peter of Bologna and Reginald of Provins, began to mount a defence of their Order and their way of life before the commission. By early May 1310 almost six hundred Templars had agreed to defend the Order, denying the validity of previous confessions whether made before the inquisitors in 1307 or the bishops in 1309. Pope Clement, seeing that no immediate end to the proceedings seemed in prospect, postponed the council of Vienne for a year until October 1311. It was to crush this increasingly confident Templar defence that Philip IV took drastic action. The archbishop of Sens, a royal nominee, reopened his inquiry against individual Templars within his province and, finding fifty-four of them guilty of being relapsed heretics, handed them over to the secular authorities. On 12 May 1310 the fifty-four Templars were burnt at the stake in a field outside Paris. Of the two leading defenders, Peter of Bologna mysteriously disappeared, and Reginald of Provins was sentenced to perpetual imprisonment by the council of Sens. With the exception of a few brave individuals, the burnings effectively silenced the defence, and many Templars returned to their confessions. The hearings of the papal commission eventually petered out in June 1311.
In the summer of 1311 the pope collected together the evidence sent from France, as well as the material slowly coming in from the other countries where proceedings had taken place. In essence only in France and in those regions under French domination or influence were there substantial confessions from Templars. In October the council of Vienne at last opened, and the pope pressed for the suppression (although not the condemnation) of the Order on the grounds that it was now too defamed to carry on. However, resistance among the fathers at the council was considerable, and the pope, pressed by the military presence of the king of France, only achieved his will by imposing silence on the council to be broken under pain of excommunication. The bull Vox in excelso of 22 March 1312 suppressed the Order, and Ad providam of 2 May granted its property to the other great military order, the Hospital. Soon after, Philip IV extracted a huge sum of money from the Hospitallers in compensation for his costs in bringing the Templars to trial. As for the individual Templars, in some cases they had to submit to heavy penances including perpetual imprisonment, and in others, where they had admitted nothing, they were sent to monasteries of other orders to spin out the rest of their lives. The leaders eventually came before the papal representatives on 18 March 1314 and were sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. Hugh of Pairaud and Geoffrey of Gonneville, Preceptor of Aquitaine, accepted their fate in silence, but James of Molay and Geoffrey of Charney, Preceptor of Normandy, loudly protested their innocence and asserted that the Order was pure and holy. At once the king ordered that they be condemned as relapsed heretics and, on the same evening, they were burnt at the stake on the Ile des Javiaux in the Seine.
The aim of this book is to trace in detail the course of these events, to examine the motivation of the chief participants, and to assess the extent to which the charges brought against the Order were justified.
The Participants
In this place a great misfortune befell, by which the Saracens who had come into the city, as I have said, were able to enter more easily and quickly, and by which our people were greatly disheartened. The occasion was this: a javelin came at the master of the Temple, just as he raised his left hand. He had no shield save his spear in his right hand. The javelin struck him under the armpit, and the shaft sank into his body a palm's-length; it came in through the gap where the plates of the armour were not joined. This was not proper armour, but rather light armour for putting on hastily at an alarm.
When he felt himself mortally wounded, he turned to go. Some of the defenders thought that he was retiring because he wanted to save himself. The standard-bearer saw him go, and fell in behind him, and then all his household followed as well. After he had gone some way, twenty crusaders from the Vallo di Spoleto saw him withdrawing, and they called to him, 'Oh, for God's sake, Sir, don't leave, or the city will fall at once!' And he cried out to them in a loud voice, so that everyone could hear him: 'My lords, I can do no more, for I am killed; see the wound here!'
And then we saw the javelin stuck in his body, and as he spoke he dropped the spear on the ground, and his head slumped to one side. He started to fall from his horse, but those of his household sprang down from their horses and supported him and took him off, and laid him on a shield that they found cast off there, a tall, broad buckler. They carried him off towards the St Anthony Gate, but found it closed; instead, they found a small door which had a bridge leading from the fosse into the residence of the Lady Maria of Antioch, which had previously belonged to Sir James of La Mandelée.
There his household removed his armour, cutting the cuirasse off at the shoulders, for they could do nothing else because of the wound he had taken. Then they put him, still in his epaulieres, under a blanket, and took him towards the seashore, which is to say, on the beach which is between the abbatoir where they slaughter beasts and the house of the lord of Tyre. There they heard a cry from in front of the Tower of the Legate, that the Saracens were there, so some of the household leapt into the sea to try to reach the two barques that were there – there were only these two, because the sea was so stormy and the waves so great that the barques were unable to cope with them – and many of the men were lost because of this. Other members of his household carried him to the Temple fortress with the aid of other men, and they laid him within the house – not going in by way of the gate, which they did not want to open, but taking him by way of a courtyard where they piled manure.
He lived all that day without saying a word, for since he had been taken down from his horse he had not spoken, save only a word to those in the Temple; when he heard the clamour of men fleeing death, he wanted to know what was happening. They told him that men were fighting, and he commanded that they should leave him in peace.
He did not speak again, but gave up his soul to God. He was buried before his tabernacle, which was the altar where they said mass. And God has his soul – but what great harm was caused by his death!1
This dramatic eyewitness description of the death of William of Beaujeu, the Master of the Temple, at Acre on 18 May, 1291, was written by an author known as the Templar of Tyre. He was not in fact a Templar, but the master's secretary and confidant, a position he had held since 1285, and it is clear from this account that he was with his patron to the end.2 The great port of Acre with its large protected harbour was a key city in the history of the Latin states in the East. It had been captured by the crusaders as early as 1104, only five years after the fall of Jerusalem to the forces of the First Crusade and, although it had been taken by Saladin in July, 1187, soon after his victory over the Christians at the battle of Hattin, it had been regained by the Third Crusade four years later. From Acre Richard I of England had been able to launch his campaign against Saladin, a campaign which led to the sultan's defeat near Arsuf on 7 September, 1191, and which ensured that, despite Saladin's retention of Jerusalem (which had fallen to him on 2 October, 1187, after Hattin) the Latin states would survive into the thirteenth century. There had been several crises since – most notably the Christian defeat at La Forbie in October, 1244, during which the Templar master, Armand of Périgord, simply disappeared, either overwhelmed in fighting or carried off to prison or death by the victors – but the siege of Acre in the spring of 1291 was indeed the decisive moment in the history of Latin states.
Acre had held out since 5 April, when al-Ashraf Khalīl, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, had first brought the full strength of his formidable army to bear, but the fighting which killed William of Beaujeu had already penetrated the streets, and by that time only the Temple compound, situated on the north side of the city along the sea front, was still resisting. With the master's death, the remaining Templars knew that there was little time left, and Theobald Gaudin, the Grand Commander, together with a contingent which must have included the Templar of Tyre, took a Venetian ship to Sidon, fifty-eight miles to the north, leaving Peter of Sevrey, the Marshal, and a group of Templars, to try to protect the panic-stricken inhabitants now struggling into the Templar area. They lasted another ten days, during which time Peter of Sevrey and some of his men attempted to negotiate with al-Ashraf, only to be taken and beheaded. The last Templars in the city were crushed to death when their main tower collapsed as a result of undermining; apparently none survived. Meanwhile, in the sea castle at Sidon, a Templar possession, Theobald Gaudin was elected master, and from there he sailed to Cyprus from which he promised to send help. However, according to the Templar of Tyre who, in contrast to his admiration for William of Beaujeu, had little time for the new master, he went about it 'in such an unenthusiastic way' that the Templars in Cyprus sent word to the brethren still at Sidon to abandon it, advice which they duly took on 14 July.3 The last Templar castles, Tortosa to the north, and the great sea fortress of 'Atlīt to the south, were now isolated, and they too were evacuated on 3 and 14 August. From then on the most forward Templar base was the island of Cyprus.
Until the Templars were forced to leave 'Atlīt they had functioned as defenders of the holy places and the Latin settlements in Palestine and Syria for 172 years without a break. They had begun modestly when, in 1119, two French knights, Hugh of Payns and Godfrey of Saint-Omer, together with a small number of companions, volunteered to protect pilgrims travelling from the port of Jaffa to Jerusalem and the surrounding holy places. At first the knights seem to have been dependent upon the Augustinian canons of the Holy Sepulchre and to have been resident in the Muristan, just to the south of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.4 Here the Order of St John provided hospital facilities for sick pilgrims, a conjunction which suggests that the two operations were closely connected. Indeed, in clause 49 of the Latin Rule of the Temple of 1129, the Templars are commanded to serve the sick 'as if they were Christ', a phrase very reminiscent of the Hospitaller obligation towards 'our lords the sick'.5 King Baldwin II and Warmund of Picquigny, Patriarch of Jerusalem, provided the knights with a base on the Temple platform, together with grants in money and kind, and it is likely they received ecclesiastical sanction at the council of Nablus, held in January, 1120. Sometime during the 1120s, Baldwin II moved out of his quarters in the al-Aqsa mosque and re-established himself in the Tower of David on the opposite side of the city. This left Hugh of Payns and his knights to occupy what the Latins regarded as 'the Temple of Solomon'.
The armies of the First Crusade had captured Jerusalem in July, 1099, but the creation of viable political entities remained a struggle throughout the first generation of settlement: attacks from the Turks in the north and the Egyptians in the south were difficult to repel with the limited forces available to the early rulers, Godfrey of Bouillon (1099–1100), Baldwin I (1100–18) and Baldwin II (1118–31), while the need to seize the vital Mediterranean ports placed a further strain on resources. Not surprisingly, the contribution of the French knights, small as it was, was encouraged by the Christian leaders, as well as by prominent pilgrims such as Fulk V, Count of Anjou, who visited the holy places in 1120, and Hugh of Troyes, Count of Champagne, who appears to have joined the group himself in 1125.6 When Fulk of Anjou agreed to marry Melisende, Baldwin II's eldest daughter and heir, Hugh of Payns was a member of the delegation sent to fetch him; once in the West, he not only attended upon Fulk, but also began an energetic and successful recruiting campaign in France and the British Isles, travelling extensively through Champagne, Anjou, Normandy and Flanders, and crossing the Channel to England and Scotland. Other members of the group similarly drew on their home territories in an effort to raise forces for an attack on Damascus, planned by Baldwin II to follow the marriage of Fulk and Melisende.7
Hugh's major purpose in the West had, however, been prearranged for, in January, 1129, he presented himself before an ecclesiastical council at Troyes in Champagne, presided over by Matthew du Remois, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, the papal legate in France. Supported by the five companions he had brought with him, he 'conveyed from memory … the manner and observance of the small beginnings of his military order which owed its existence to Him who says, "I speak to you who am the beginning".' The result was a Rule of 71 clauses, written in Latin, incorporating those elements of previous practice that the fathers at the council found acceptable and rejecting practices described as absurd. The brethren were divided into two classes: the knights, who wore white, and the sergeants (later also called serving brothers), who wore black or brown. Squires were allocated to provide practical support, while spiritual needs were supplied by chaplains, although neither were professed members of the Order. Association for a fixed period was continued, a custom which included married brothers, who were required to bequeath a portion of their possessions to the Order if they were to enjoy full spiritual benefits, although they were not to share the same quarters as fully professed brethren. Temporary association could be conceded to knights, sergeants or squires. In contrast to much contemporary monastic practice, the Order was not to accept sisters nor to receive oblates, since women served as a temptation which might undermine 'the flower of chastity', while young boys, not yet old enough to bear arms, were simply an encumbrance. Perhaps the lack of a formal novitiate was a consequence of this; a probationary period was laid down, but its term was entirely at the discretion of the master, based on his judgement of the nature of the candidate's life.
In view of 'their exceptional merit and particular probity', the Templars were granted lands and men, together with their customary services, and they were allowed to receive tithes. Within the convent lifestyle was a modified form of contemporary practices among the regulars: attendance at the Divine Office, communal meals, taken in silence and accompanied by readings from Scripture, plain diet with meat three days per week, unostentatious behaviour, clothing and accoutrements, and no personal possessions. Ultimate authority lay with the master, as it did with the abbot in the Benedictine world; joining the Temple was a commitment to obedience which characterised all who gave themselves to a monastery. Any offences were therefore subject to a proportionate penance, while refusal to accept such discipline would result in expulsion. According to clause 65, 'It is essential that the sickly sheep be removed from the congregation of the faithful brothers.'8
The Latin Rule of the Temple reflects the wide experience of those who were present at Troyes. These included the archbishops of Reims and Sens, ten of their suffragan bishops, eight abbots, and two of the most powerful provincial lords, Theobald, Count of Blois and Champagne, and William, Count of Auxerre and Nevers. Cistercian influence was, however, predominant, since four of the abbots were from the Order and, according to John Michael, the scribe, the council was convened at the instigation of Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux. Moreover, it was to Bernard that Hugh of Payns turned, shortly after the council, with a request that he write a 'sermon of encouragement' for him and his fellow knights. This eventually took the form of a treatise, In Praise of the New Knighthood, set out in thirteen chapters. After extolling the virtues of the Templars and contrasting them with the venality and viciousness of contemporary secular knights, Bernard analysed one by one the spiritual significance of the holy sites which it was the role of the Templars to protect, the most important of which was the Holy Sepulchre itself.9 The striking similarity between the depiction of the crimes of secular knights in the prologue to the Rule and their elaboration in chapter two of the treatise helps to confirm the powerful influence that the abbot of Clairvaux had upon the proceedings at Troyes. Not surprisingly, a later master of the Temple described the Order as having its origins in Cîteaux and its predecessors.10
However, even if the idea of the council had evolved in Cistercian circles, it was assembled under papal auspices in the person of Matthew of Albano, Honorius II's legate, without whose authority the Order could not have gained official recognition. At first sight such papal interest might seem unlikely, for the number of Templars was still small, but in fact it was quite consistent with recent papal policy. Since the era of Gregory VII (1073–85), the popes had energetically encouraged monastic communities to seek papal protection, a policy developed both to increase papal power and to reduce secular influence. The emergence of new orders, like the Carthusians and the Cistercians, and the reform of the cathedral canons, most evident from the late eleventh century onwards, gave huge impetus to this trend, as the popes sought to make them directly responsible to Rome. Thus ten years after Troyes, Innocent II began the process of conferring privileges on the Order, encapsulated in their fundamental bull, Omne Datum Optimum (29 March, 1139), granted to the second master, Robert of Craon, and his successors. The Templars were 'appointed by the Lord defenders of the Catholic Church and attackers of the enemies of Christ', a role which entitled them to exclusive possession of any spoils taken in battle. All their possessions were placed 'under the protection and tutelage of the Holy See for all time to come'. Nobody was to be chosen as master unless he was 'both a military and a religious person who had made profession of the habit of your brotherhood', no changes could be made to their Rule except by the master and chapter, and no secular or ecclesiastical person could demand any fealty or homage from them. However, once professed, a brother could not leave the Order nor transfer elsewhere to another monastery without the permission of the master. As stated in the Rule, they were not obliged to render tithes, although they could retain any tithes they themselves
© Cambridge University Press
Meet the Author
Malcolm Barber taught European medieval history at the University of Reading between 1966 and 2005. His special interests are the Templars, the Cathars and the crusades. He is the author or co-author of nine books.
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Will Media Continue To Let Jeb Bush To Lie About Background Checks On Gun Sales In Florida?
Blog ››› ››› TIMOTHY JOHNSON
Media should no longer allow Jeb Bush to promote his record on guns by claiming, "In Florida we have a background check." This claim is a lie by omission that neglects the totality of so-called private gun transfers that happen in the state.
During CNN's September 16 Republican presidential debate, Bush gave a misleading answer about Florida's gun laws to advance his campaign talking point that the federal government "shouldn't be involved in gun laws." Bush suggested that gun laws should be determined "state-by-state" and criticized Hillary Clinton and President Obama for advocating for federal gun laws, before adding, "That's not the right approach to do it. In Florida we have a background check":
That is not accurate. The circumstances under which a gun buyer must undergo a background check in Florida are instead defined by the federal Brady Law, which requires that gun buyers undergo a background check only when they're buying from a federally licensed firearms dealer.
In Florida, background checks are not required for so-called private gun sales (although individual counties may impose universal background check requirements). By some estimates, up to 40 percent of the millions of gun transfers that occur nationwide each year are conducted without any background check because of this private transfer loophole.
Eighteen states and the District of Columbia have enacted background check laws that go beyond the federal requirement for purchases from licensed dealers, but Florida is not one of those states.
Florida allows the sale of guns without a background check in many cases, and has higher rates of domestic violence-related gun murders, and gun murders of law enforcement officers compared to states that require universal background checks on handgun sales. Furthermore, gun murders have increased in Florida since 2005 when Bush signed the nation's first "Stand Your Ground" law, which was drafted by the National Rifle Association and became infamous as the centerpiece of George Zimmerman's criminal defense after he shot and killed unarmed Florida teenager Trayvon Martin.
Between 2008 and 2012, Florida had one of the highest rates of gun violence against women in the nation. According to data compiled by Everytown for Gun Safety, women in Florida were more than twice as likely to be killed by an intimate partner using a gun than women in states that require background checks on handgun sales. Florida's rate of gun violence against women -- 5.74 homicides per million -- was far above the national average, and exceeded average gun violence even for many states with similarly lax gun laws. According to another data set compiled by Everytown, between 2000 and 2011, for every 100,000 active police officers in Florida, 65.4 were killed with guns, compared to an average rate of just 35.4 in states that require background checks on handgun sales.
Bush's claim about background checks appears to be a go-to talking point for the Republican presidential hopeful. When asked about background checks on gun sales during a September 8 interview with Stephen Colbert, Bush falsely claimed, "In Florida, where I was governor, we have a requirement of background checks."
Bush's claim about background checks stands in stark contrast to his actual record on guns while governor of Florida between 1999 and 2007. According to an analysis of federal data by the Center for American Progress, gun murder rates have increased in Florida since Bush signed "Stand Your Ground":
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JETSAM - Walk to Beach
House, New Brighton
From $233 per night {{quote.pricing.message}} Total {{quote.pricing.price | format:'currency':'short'}} for
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This substantially sized home offers much more than just 'weekender' appeal. Complete with 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, featuring an upstairs living area which opens onto a broad beachfront verandah. One of the few properties with an ocean view, it occupies a rare coastal strip of land between the ocean and the river in the heart of the village of New Brighton. Just a 90 minute drive from the bustle of Brisbane, and 15 minutes to the buzz of Byron Bay.
Spread over two levels with polished timber floors upstairs, fireplace, air-conditioning, fans, covered outdoor entertaining areas, kitchen with granite bench and walk-in-pantry, laundry and double auto garage. After catching a wave or a nice long beach walk there is also an outdoor shower to rinse off the sand between your toes.
Totally relaxed and un-hurried, experience the simple pleasures in life - enjoy long walks on the beach, fishing, stroll to the corner shop and cafe, the kids playground and river. For the surfer, check out the quality beach breaks from your verandah. Unique to this property is an expanse of lawn stretching from the house to the dune track which will easily host a friendly game of cricket, or indeed provide a shady spot to relax or read a book.
$1150.00 p/w off season
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$700.00 off-season weekend rate
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Maersk Line is the world's largest container shipping company, known for reliable, flexible and eco-efficient services. We operate 610 container vessels and provide ocean transportation in all parts of the world.
Job Title: External Sales Executives
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Ability to prospects for new accounts or opportunities
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Bleary-eyed, in the warm early morning, I began my ablutions yesterday to the dog-whistle sound of one of the BBC's more excitable political correspondents getting his rocks off. All journalists like to lead the news, and this one was doing just that; his tale of yet more leaks to newspapers of confidential government memos, marching in the vanguard of the BBC's seven o'clock news bulletin.
Bleary-eyed, in the warm early morning, I began my ablutions yesterday to the dog-whistle sound of one of the BBC's more excitable political correspondents getting his rocks off. All journalists like to lead the news, and this one was doing just that; his tale of yet more leaks to newspapers of confidential government memos, marching in the vanguard of the BBC's seven o'clock news bulletin.
He did have a slight problem, though. Which was that the memos didn't really tell us anything we didn't already know (and that members of the Government hadn't admitted). If anything, the private language was worryingly similar to that used by ministers in public.
To cope with this difficulty, the story had mutated from being about the content of the leaked documents and their significance, into being about the timing of the leaks, coinciding as they did with the Government's announcements on the NHS. So the story was the timing of the story. The bulletin therefore led with a journalist saying that the biggest item of news that morning was how he himself had come to be there telling listeners what the biggest story was. Which, of course, was exactly what the leakers (or thieves) had in mind when they timed the leaking of the story. Folks, if we carry on like this, we are going to go mad.
The immediate consequence of this latest leak was to make William Hague suddenly available for long interviews. And once he had batted away the inevitable (and pointless) questions about whether he had himself been rummaging through the dustbins of Gould Villas, he was able to move on to the bit he wanted to blast the voters with: Mr Blair's attachment to the euro.
The leaked memo in question, said Mr Hague, "reveals that the Prime Minister wants to scrap the pound, he wants to join the euro as soon as he can. That intensifies the fact that the next election is a choice for people between keeping the pound under the Conservatives or getting rid of it under Labour". I thank you and good night.
In one way, such an exercise is always successful for the Conservative leader, in that it reminds the politically unreliable Sun and Times that Tony Blair is a dangerous pro-European, who may need to be strangled one day. But even so, every time William Hague goes on the stump for the pound, the question that comes back to him is why, if he believes that the abolition of the national currency means the effective (and intolerable) loss of national sovereignty, he is only ruling it out for one parliament. And none of his evasions work.
The "I can only lay down policy for one election at a time" stance that he usually uses is transparently absurd. He doesn't say, "The NHS is safe with us - but only for one election", or "I am in favour of tougher sentences for burglars, at least for the next five years". Which means that there is some other explanation for his reticence. But what is it?
Every week since January, one or other of the competing euro campaigns has sent me a booklet or a press release. Britain in Europe's last offering was "The Case for the euro", and the fashionably lower-case (and anti-euro) new europe recently obliged with "Joining the Euro: the economic and constitutional questions". This last was the text of a debate between Kenneth Clarke and Sir Malcolm Rifkind, former Conservative cabinet colleagues. And contained in this pamphlet was the answer to the great Hague conundrum.
Illumination came during a cross-examination of Rifkind by Clarke. Why - he had asked - was this ceding of sovereignty so different from those other cessions that Rifkind had embraced in the past, such as the single market act and the provisions at Maastricht? What objection could be made to the euro that was not equally made to all of those previous acts? Rifkind's reply amounted to asserting that this one change meant the creation of a central European government, where all the others had not done so. The nightmare prospect of a federal Europe would pass from being the escapist fantasy of power-crazed Jeans and utopian Fritzes, and become a horrid reality.
So, asked Clarke, that was a "never" then, was it? Nope. "If," replied Rifkind, "it were able to be demonstrated that ... being outside the euro was doing severe damage to our employment, to our prosperity, to our economic prospects then, of course, one would look afresh at one's concerns." But, of course, that's what some people - mostly in manufacturing industry - already believe. And Rifkind accepted that here, too, was a balance that had to be struck between sovereignty and other concerns. "That is what we have done elsewhere," he continued, "when we agreed to Nato, when we agreed to the single market, when we have agreed to any part of European integration."
And that is precisely the process that the Tory anti-Europeans fear, because it is exactly the process that has characterised the last 30 years. Agonise, delay, join. If William Hague were to say that he was only prepared to commit for one parliament because there might come a time when Britain had to join or to slump, then the full wrath of the euro-nutters would come down upon him. (Incidentally, how on earth were we all gulled into agreeing that the word "sceptic" could be applied to fanatics like Bill Cash?) In other words, his perfectly (from his point of view) reasonable carefulness, cannot truthfully be explained for fear of the reaction.
They are bonkers, you know, some of the antis. One of their intellectual heavyweights is the philosopher Roger Scruton. Last week, I happened to catch a radio conversation in which he was lamenting the replacement of imperial measures with metric ones. Not content with the argument that lbs and ozs was what we Brits are used to, he veered off (as right-wingers sometimes do) on to the Nature trail. Imperial weights were, he asserted "more natural" for human beings. For a start, they were divisible by more numbers than five, two, or 10. And also they corresponded to human dimensions, with a foot being roughly the length of the average foot.
He didn't get round to it, but I guess a furlong must be the length of a long fur, and I'm now seriously intimidated by the use of the word "yard" in Chaucer's day, as a slang term for the male organ.
There is a type of chauvinistic silliness that's beyond reason, and to suggest that 3ft to a yard and 1,760 yards to a mile is more "natural" than holding up your hands and counting in multiples of fives and tens, is to cross the badly guarded border between eccentricity and Lalaland. Yet that is what Mr Hague has to put up with. Any slippage, any admission that he might contemplate the euro (as one day, rest assured, he surely will), and the old elites with their xenophobic retainers will be accusing him of selling their birthrights for a mess of pottage (that's seven messes to a ladle).
Now, the eventual confidential memo in which he or his successor as Tory leader writes about how they will recapture those who Mr Hague has personally liberated from the asylum will make good reading. Open the bins!Reuse content


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In the future, the sound of a heart rate monitor flatlining will be replaced with AOL's "Goodbye" tone.
George & George #3
I'm writing off the stuff stolen from my car as a charitable deduction.
I'm developing a sitcom about my life. It's called, "Friend."
"Raise your hand if you think the ceiling fan is too low."
I hope the oligarchs taking over this country have my best interests at heart.
I shouldn't have tried to make an ice cream sandwich using real bread.
Happy New Year guys. We did it.
I've been going through people's facebook photo albums of their trips to India in an attempt to find myself.
My life is an ongoing brain injury.
Last night I drunk dialed my mom and told her that I love her but that we can never be together.
I'm really good at predicting the present.
For Christmas, my uncle got us all gag gifts. He's really into BDSM.
I mixed up my Christmas cards with my death threats. So look out co-workers: you'll be getting Christmas cards.
"No more Mr. Nice Guy," is what I'm going to yell out right before I shoot myself in the face.
Q: Are guns dangerous? NRA: Guns are totally safe in the right hands. Q: Who should have them? NRA: EVERYONE.
If you watch Toy Story in reverse you see Woody's plan, to get Buzz put back in a box and returned, succeed.
"Rise and shine," is the most depressing thing a shoeshiner can hear on a Saturday morning.
In Silicon Valley work is play and play is horrible, excruciatingly thought out work.


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But this is the moment when Emma Watson, who plays Harry's sidekick Hermione, saw Daniel Radcliffe turn from the innocent Harry Potter into a sultry magazine model.
Scroll down for more ...
The teen reacted with a gasp of (rather delighted) shock when she was shown the results of a photo shoot her co-star had done for Details magazine. The photos were taken for an interview in the magazine.
In fact the Potter stars are growing up so quickly that, according to Miss Watson, they are ready for retirement.
The 17-year-old actress, who recently hit LA's exclusive Kitson boutique for a shopping spree, has said to have amassed a £10million fortune and has admitted she need never work again.
'Let's be honest, I have enough money never to have to work again,' she told an American magazine, adding: 'But I would never want that.'
Scroll down for more ...
True to her word, Miss Watson has already agreed to make a further two Harry Potter movies.
When not filming, she remains committed to her studies.
'People can't understand why I don't want to be a full-time actress but school life keeps me in touch with my friends,' she said.
Scroll down for more ...
'It keeps me in touch with reality. I have a really secure network of family and friends.
'My parents are both lawyers, and they have no interest in being part of this industry.'
Miss Watson can be seen in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the fifth film in the series which opens on Thursday.
Scroll down for more ...
Daniel Radcliffe, who plays Harry, is a little ahead of Miss Watson in the bank balance stakes. He has just signed a £25million deal to appear in the next two films.
At last week's London premiere, he declared that he was looking for a girlfriend.
Scroll down for more...
Despite her reaction to the Details magazine photos, Miss Watson, however, is not in the running - in the movies at least.
Her character is developing the first hints of a romance with Harry's friend Ron Weasley.
The Details interview with Daniel Radcliffe is available at www.details.com.Reuse content


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Via Robert Pondiscio's blog, UVa's Dan Willingham wrote a great article: Classroom Teaching in 2030. He eloquently expounds on our call for Curric In A Box.
Before 2010 the teacher's job was configured in a way that did not respect normal mental limitations. Teachers were called on to perform four tasks that were beyond the capacity of most anyone to perform as expected. I refer to those as mental obstacles.
Mental obstacle #1: Teachers (or sometimes administrators) were expected to write coherent curricula—that is, to select which material students should be expected to learn for a given grade and to sequence it sensibly. Selecting the most important concepts in a field and putting them in an order that will make sense to students requires deep knowledge of a discipline—knowledge that most teachers or administrators simply did not have.
In the absence of such knowledge, teachers could (and did) write curricula, but many of them were likely less than optimal.
Mental obstacle #2: Teachers were expected to write their own lesson plans—that is, to plan the activities that fill each school day and will (presumably) fulfill the goals laid out by the curriculum. In 2010, first-year teachers did not graduate from schools of education armed with ready-to-go lesson plans; at that time about 80 percent of teachers reported writing more than 90 percent of their lesson plans.
Writing lesson plans, like writing a curriculum, also requires vast knowledge but of a different sort. Writing a curriculum requires knowing what children need to learn next. Writing lesson plans requires knowing what children know now and the techniques that will get them from their current level of knowledge to the next one.
What blocks Dan's vision?
One issue: the phrase "scripted curriculum." It triggers fear and outrage among many teachers who've never used it. The phrase most often refers to elementary school reading curriculum. "Scripted" is often a misnomer, in the sense that a teacher does not become an actor reciting lines. In this post a teacher describes what it's like in real life.
For middle and high school rookie teachers, the goal is less likely to be a commercially-prepared scripted curriculum, but an individual teacher-created Curric In A Box.


text: My room was up in thr eves and had a sloping ceiling with a window overlooking the garden. The room was a good size and there was plenty of wardrobe space. The staff were all very helpful suggesting restaurants and other locations of interest. Situated right in the heart of Zagreb everything is within easy walking distance. There are some... More


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Mobile message
Sir: In writing the diary story about Virgin Mobile, our new venture, Pandora (16 November) chose to rely on incorrect and very old reports in other newspapers.
Before my friend Michael von Clemm died of a brain tumour, he told me that he suspected the tumour might have had something to do with his regular use of a mobile phone. He did not know for certain if there was a link, nor did his doctors, and nor do I.
What I said at the time of his death was that Michael said his mobile use might have been a factor in his death. That is very different from what you implied I said. As you know, there is no evidence linking mobile phone usage and ill health.
Nor did I ban Virgin staff from using mobiles without earpieces. All Virgin staff who use a company mobile phone are given free earpieces, or can buy one on the company, and it remains a matter of personal choice as to whether or not they use them.
Every Virgin Mobile phone sold to the public comes with a free earpiece - something unique to Virgin Mobile.
Virgin Mobile
London W8
- More about:
- Mobile Phones
- Mobile Technology
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Please see the attached posted for details of Bhai Surjit Singhs gurmat vichaar programs. Only one more week left take laha of these programs if you are in the GTA!Read More »
Bh. Manvir Singh UK Toronto Tour
Please see details on poster for upcoming Toronto tour of UK pracharak Bh. Manvir Singh jee.Read More »
Subscribe to us on YOUTUBE!
Subscribe to us on YouTube now, we got more content to be uploaded soon in the coming weeks! CLICK HERE!!Read More »
Follow us now on SOUNDCLOUD!
SikhVibes has expanded its content to SoundCloud! With Sangats requests, we decided to open up a unlimited account on SoundCloud for those that are active on that Social network. From now and on, most of the recordings will be available on SoundCloud, if they are not all available there they will be available ALL here on our website! CLICK HERE AND ...Read More »
Sarbat Khalsa 2015
10 November, 2015 Sarbat Khalsa, Sri Amritsar Jio, Punjab [An English brief on resolutions adopted by the Sarbat Khalsa] Vaheguru ji ka khalsa, Vaheguru ji ki fateh! Sarbat Khalsa's purpose is to strengthen all Sikhs institutions and traditions. We acknowledge the process had several limitations, we will work towards fully diverse and inclusive participation for the next Sarbat Khalsa. ...Read More »


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Friday Fill-ins
1. I believe whatever doesn't kill you could make you stronger, but it may take time and forgiveness.
2. If you're good at something, that doesn't mean you should pursue it if you don't love it. Sure, you might be "wasting you talent" but the other way, you're wasting time, which is a much more expensive commodity.
3. Why so complacent? Be passionate!
4. Something is out there, it's a sheep (baa!). Okay. That's kind of an inside joke. McKay likes to watch movie previews on apple.com. There was this one horror film made in New Zealand called "Black Sheep" about genetically altered sheep who now attack people. That premise is so ridiculous, that the preview was like this hilarious joke- in fact I couldn't tell if it was a comedy or horror film at first. (You can see it here, but there is some gore and violence- just warning you) I guess only our friends down under could be scared of sheep. Any way, it's kind of a running joke for us.
5. If my life were a sitcom, it would be titled "The stripes to prove it."
6. Sitting on my back porch [if you don't have one, use your imagination] I see "Y" mountain and some people taking a cigarette break.
7. And as for the weekend, tonight I'm looking forward to _having the house in order again, tomorrow my plans include re-dedicate myself to knitting and Sunday, I want to do some relaxing reading!


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The American Hospital Association is calling on members to contact their congressional representatives and ask that they support newly introduced legislation to revamp the Recovery Audit Contractors program.
Rep. Sam Graves (R-Mo.) is sponsoring H.R. 6575, the Medicare Audit Improvement Act of 2012, with co-sponsors Billy Long (R-Mo.), Todd Akin (R-Mo.) and Adam Schiff (D-Calif.). The bill would provide guidance for medical necessity audits that include requiring physician validation for medical necessity denial of a claim, establish a limit for medical record requests, improve recovery auditor transparency and restore due process rights, improve auditor performance by implementing financial penalties, and permit denied inpatient claims to be billed as outpatient claims when appropriate, according to a letter AMA sent to Graves.
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text:
Now book any flight, hotel or bus and get free shopping worth Rs.5000/-*
Get upto 10% discount on your bus bookings using goCash
Jet Airways Sale Get Upto 20% off on Int'l Flights. Save more with goCash!
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As one of the most beautiful and popular temples of Jalgaon dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Omkareshwar Temple attracts a huge crowd of devotees all-round-the-year. A pleasant ambience and tranquil aura ...


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Yamaha is among the leading manufacturers of golf carts, which feature a variety of speed options, just as many other carts do. While these vehicles are often restricted to around 10 to 15 miles per hour by factory standards and settings, you can speed up your cart in a variety of ways to have it moving as fast as 20 to 25 miles per hour. You can speed up your Yamaha gas golf cart with a number of simple tweaks.
Power clean your cart using a hose, water and soap. Be sure to remove any excess dirt and grime from the wheels and wheel wells to allow your cart to operate at its most efficient.
Remove any unnecessary accessories from the cart to lighten the cart's weight.
Remove the restrictor from underneath the cart's gas pedal. This is usually a metal rod that prevents the driver from pressing the pedal completely. You can remove it with a wrench and a screwdriver.
Open the seat of your cart to access the engine underneath. Push the governor toward the carburetor to remove this speed restriction. The governor is a T-shaped metal rod that you will find fastened with a rubber band or duct tape toward the cylinders of the carburetor.
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Sparkling stars Christmas card
- A4 Sheet Stardream Jupiter Red card (each sheet will give you 2 cards)
- A4 Sheets Metallic paper
- A4 Sheets Cristina Re Petite Pois sheer paper
- Assorted paper studs
- C6 Stardream Jupiter Red Envelopes
Paper trimming & scoring method of choice
Scissors and double sided tape
Computer and printer
Cutting mat and paper awl
Step 1
Using preferred scoring method, score the Jupiter Red card in half along the long edge to create a fold at 105mm.
Step 2
Using preferred trimming method cut the A4 Iceberg card in half along the short edge to create a finished size of 210mm x 148.5mm.
Step 3
Using your computer, find a clipart of a five point star and lay it multiple times up on an A4 sheet. Print this pattern onto a sheet of the Metallic and Petite Pois paper.
Step 4
Reduce the star size by 50% and lay it multiple times up on an A4 sheet. Print this pattern off on a sheet of Petite Pois paper.
Step 5
Using your scissors, cut out all stars. On your cutting matt, lay the card open and arrange the layers of stars, Metallic to the bottom, then the large Petite Pois, then the small one, atop the front of the card. Using your Paper Awl, pierce a hole through the centre of the stars being sure you pierce all layers of paper and card. Push the paper stud through and fold out the stud feet.
Step 6
Using preferred cutting method, cut the A4 sheet of metallic paper into 4 equal pieces 90mm x 138mm and using double sided tape attach to the inside of your cards. Finish by off-setting the layers of stars.
Step 7
Write your Christmas greetings on the inside of the card. Insert completed card into the C6 Stardream Jupiter Red and seal with a gold or silver star sticker for that perfect finishing touch.
More homemade Christmas cards you can make
- Swirly stars Christmas card
- Hanging bauble Christmas card
- Christmas meal menu card
- Christmas table placecards
- Christmas table centrepiece decorations
- Texture and colour Christmas card
- Christmas tree card
- Creative bauble card
Related card tips
- Tips and tools for making handmade Christmas cards
- Christmas card etiquette
- Browse all Christmas ideas, activities and recipes


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The Bill has also been sent to President Pratibha Patil and will be circulated to MPs after her consent.
A meet to decide on the extension of the winter session to pass the four crucial bills that include the Citizen's Charter Bill, the Whistleblowers' Bill, the Judicial Accountability Bill and the Lokpal Bill, will be held by the Business Advisory Council on Wednesday, Dec 21.
Meanwhile, law minister Salman Khurshid said that they were trying to solve the Lokpal Bill issue and were in talks with other parties on how to solve the issue.
Anna Hazare has, however, decided to go ahead with his 3 day fast starting from Dec 27 followed by a 'jail bharo andolan'. He also rejected the proposed Citizens' Charter Bills and the Lokpal Bill.
"Beyond a point, we cannot respond to all of Anna's demands," said Salman Khurshid commenting that not all of Anna's demands can be met.
The Lower bureaucracy has been kept out of the Lokpal Bill and will come under the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).
OneIndia News


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Business travelers, students, and tourists must all carry very specific documentation in order to enter any foreign country, including Trinidad and Tobago. Many visitors will only require a passport and return plane ticket.
Business travelers and tourists traveling to Trinidad and Tobago from the United States and the European Union will find that visiting the islands for periods up to three months is relatively easy. Visitors from these areas will not need a visa but are required to produce a valid passport that does not expire within three months of the planned date of departure from Trinidad and Tobago, as well as a return or onward ticket to a destination outside of the country. Travelers who will be staying in the country for more than three months or for reasons other than business or tourism should consult their embassy for information on visas and permits. Due to the 2005 enactied Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, travelers from the United States and North America who wish to re-enter or visit the United States must have a valid passport to do so.
Travelers from countries outside of the United States and the European Union must have passports that are valid for six months past their travel date and a return plane ticket. Two visa applications, available at http://www.gov.tt/services/, along with two recent passport photos, must be submitted. Business travelers must also produce an official company letter explaining their travel.
Couples who are planning on getting married on Trinidad and Tobago will also need to produce several important documents to receive clearance to marry. Travelers must have passports and airline tickets, and both must be on Trinidad and Tobago for a full three days before the planned wedding ceremony. Marriage participants should also be able to produce documents proving name change, divorce, or death of a former spouse. Licenses and certificates cost about $55(USD). For current information on getting married on Trinidad and Tobago, contact:
|Contact Information
|Registrar General's Office, Trinidad
|Registrar House
72 - 74 South Quay
Port of Spain, Trinidad
|Warden's Office, Tobago
|Inland Revenue Bldg
Sangster's Hill
Scarborough, Tobago
|Registrar General's Office, Tobago
|Jerningham St
Scarborough, Tobago
Any travelers arriving at Trinidad and Tobago from a yellow-fever area within a five-day time period must have a vaccination certificate.
Whether you are traveling for business, romance, or tourism, preparing your documents to enter Trinidad and Tobago should be easy and well worth the effort.
Help us improve! We welcome your corrections and suggestions.


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Judy L. Seeman,LMHP
Judy L. Seeman,LMHP
|Professions: Counselor
|License Status: I'm a licensed professional.
|Primary Credential: Independent Mental Health Practitioner
1-800-651-8085 ext. 19883 Email this Therapist
Billing and Insurance
Click here to ask this therapist for billing and insurance information.
See other therapists in Omaha, NE.
My philosophy is changing thinking, changing behavior. All behavior is learned and thus can be unlearned. This way, new and more effective behavior can be learned.
Email or Call Judy L. Seeman,LMHP at 1-800-651-8085 ext. 19883
Specific Issue(s) I'm Skilled at Helping With
Domestic violence for batterer's and victims. Certified by Nebraska Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Coalition.
Services I Provide
- Individual Therapy & Counseling
- Marriage, Couples, or Relationship Counseling
- Group Therapy
- Other
Ages I Work With
- Adults
- Elders
- English
Groups I Work With
Male and female domestic violence perpetrators and victims.
Client Concerns I Treat
- Abuse / Abuse Survivor Issues
- Aggression and Violence
- Anger
- Anxiety
- Attachment Issues
- Batterer Intervention
- Bipolar
- Codependency / Dependency
- Depression
- Domestic Violence
- Emotional Abuse
- Grief, Loss, and Bereavement
- Helplessness / Victimhood
- Inadequacy
- Physical Abuse
- Posttraumatic Stress / Trauma
- Power
- Self-Doubt
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Harm
- Sexual Assault / Abuse
- Social Anxiety / Phobia
- Worthlessness
Types of Therapy
- Anger Management
- Dialectical Behavioral Therapy
- Integration of different therapy models
- Non-Violent Communication
By using this site, you signify your assent and agreement to the Terms of Service.


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Great service, value and ship itself!
Sail Date: July 29, 2013
Reviewed: 3 years ago
Traveled As: Couple
Room Type: Inside
A few minor qualms: We had the soft drink pass, but it was hard to find open bars or Coke machines after 11 p.m. on the main deck. This includes limited food availability after 11. Also, the food in the main dining room was good, but not spectacular...and service here was below the standard set by the rest of the employees on the ship (our waiter was just "OK). We felt there could have been more nightlife was well. Even Karoke was in a bar in the middle of the ship (it was for adults), so young ones could come and go. The "adult" comedian was not funny, and did only a 25 minute set.
Overall though, a great experience.
Category Ratings
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|Ship Quality
|Food and Dining
|Cabin / Stateroom
|Service and Staff
|Children's Programs
|Onboard Activities
|Destinations and Excursions
Port Ratings
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Solarium pool was great. Located Deck 9 aft.
3 Comments
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Remember: Be polite and respectful. Our diverse community is home to members with different opinions and a broad range of cruise experiences.


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First Time Cruiser
Sail Date: May 17, 2014
Reviewed: 3 years ago
Traveled As: Couple
Room Type: Oceanview
This was the first time my wife and I took a cruise. We are very happy with the cruise ship and, overall, the vacation. There was a plethora of activities on the ship throughout the days and into the evenings. We always had plenty of food options and it was all very good. The service and interactions with the ship's crews were also very good.
Realistically, with this being our first cruise, we expected more lessons learned and/or regrets. In the end, though, we have virtually none. This ship was a great fit for my wife and I.
If I was to pick one dislike, I would have liked to have seen more night time entertainment (adult). After about 10:00PM, things tapered off pretty quick. In the ship's defense, it's obviously a family oriented cruise ship. As such, I understand why late night activities were so limited.
Category Ratings
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Ship Quality
|Food and Dining
|Service and Staff
|Onboard Activities
|Destinations and Excursions
|Cabin / Stateroom
Port Ratings
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Ft. Lauderdale (Port Everglades), Florida
|Nassau, Bahamas
|Went to the waterpark. We were there a couple hours before the slides and other attractions actually opened. With such a short time at port, I would not spend the $$$ on the waterpark next time.
|Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas
|Philipsburg, St. Maarten


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* documentary film
* More Industries...
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Industry News
Award-Winning Sand Creek Massacre Documentary Film in Boulder History Museum Exhibit
The award-winning Sand Creek Massacre documentary film in yet another exhibit.
Award-winning writer/filmmaker, Donald L. Vasicek, writer, producer and director of the film, says that including the film in the exhibit amplifies the message meant for the film. "When the film was cataloged into Smithsonian Institute Libraries, I realized that it had a life of its own totally separate from me. With the Boulder History Museum exhibit, my goal from the inception of this film was to inform, to educate and to create awareness for America's indigenous people, and it is once again being realized. The film must continue this journey for the people of Native America."
The full-length film can be acquired on the Films Media Group website.
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PRECAUTIONS: Before taking tamoxifen, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.If you have cancer limited to the milk ducts, or if you are taking this medication to prevent breast cancer, then this medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: a history of blood clots (e.g., deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke), conditions that require treatment with a "blood thinner" (such as warfarin).If you have breast cancer and a history of blood clots/stroke, you may or may not be able to take tamoxifen. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: high cholesterol/triglycerides, limited or no ability to walk (immobility), diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, cataracts, liver disease.Before having surgery (especially breast reconstruction), tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).This medication is not recommended for use during pregnancy because it may harm an unborn baby. Consult your doctor for more details. Women of childbearing age should start tamoxifen during their periods or get a negative pregnancy test before starting the medication.It is recommended that men and women using this medication use two effective non-hormonal forms of birth control (e.g., condoms and diaphragms with spermicide) while taking this medication and for 2 months after stopping the medication. Consult your doctor.It is not known if this medication passes into breast milk. Because of the potential risk to the infant, breast-feeding is not recommended while using this drug. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Quick GuideBreast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
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'm 60 years old retired professional, extensively traveled and worked abroad, and presently settled down in Mysore, Karnataka, India. Me and my family live and manage TULIPS HOMESTAY, MYSORE which is exclusively architectured with independent separate studio rooms in ground floor and our family stay in the first floor of the house, in Vijayanagar first stage, Mysore city. We rent out our ground floor studio rooms all through the year. We take pride in our properties and are responsive to any of our customer needs. Since we are local, we deal with our guests directly – from key exchanges, to cleaning, to repairs, and anything in between. All of our properties are fully furnished and have all the amenities of home!. Customer satisfaction is our motto.
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Holmes Carpets165 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
My name is Steven Holmes, i'm from a family of flooring fitters and i'm the 3rd generation in the business. I've been fitting flooring professionally for 15 years and have been a successful store manager for large national flooring companies since 19. I'm now 27 and as of...
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LH Plumbing Services160 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We are a established Plumbing & Heating company which works around the Manchester area and surrounding areas.We cover all aspects of plumbing & heating work Showers, Radiators, Leaks etc. All work is carried out in a professional manner and we aim to please every customer...
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By walker_15 on 1st Mar, 2017
Damp-tech134 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
DAMP-TECH PRESERVTIONS damp proofing and cavity wall ties replacement.We carry out all mortgage retention work to help you on your way to your new home without any problems. All our damp proofing and wall ties carry a long term guarantee,
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By ekwhite on 25th Apr, 2017
AC Plumbing126 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I cover all of the Greater Manchester area, and work on a wide range of projects from small leaks to complete bathrooms. Punctuality, politeness, and quality workmanship at a fair price are what keep me busy and help retain my customers. Please review my feedback and photos.
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By elfie on 1st Dec, 2016
RESPONSIVE PLUMBING122 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Time served plumber with 12 years' experience of carrying out day to day general plumbing maintenance, and emergency repairs, diagnosing faults at domestic, commercial and social housing across the northwest. Large well stocked transit van so have lots of stock/parts on...
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three-builders108 Feedback reviews, 98% positive
We`re multi skilled in all aspects of the building trade, all our jobs are done on time and very high quality.
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Peak Renovations97 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I cover all aspects of landscaping gardening, plastering and damp proofing work. I carry full public liabilities insurance and am happy to quote on small and large projects.
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A B Carpets93 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi, my name is Mike Tompkins and I run A B Carpets & Vinyls Ltd together with my wife Carol. We have been established since 1972 and offer a large selection of carpets, vinyls and laminates to suit all budgets. We offer a free choose at home service. We guarantee to beat...
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A&A Plastering and general Building92 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
From start to finish whether it is a small area or an entire property, i provide full service with the highest quality at competitive prices accross The Greater Manchester area. Your satisfaction is my promise ! Free quotes and professional advice.
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The Plaster Guy89 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
My name is Clement a fully qualified plasterer, painting and decorator. I live in the Manchester area. I offer free quotes, no job is too small and my pricing is very competitive. I am very reliable and trustworthy.
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AR Mobile Locksmith85 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Professional,honest & reliable Locksmith with high standards & a keen eye for detail. I pride myself on providing my customers with a first class service & going that extra mile. I keep myself upto date with the latest security technology & now stock the Ultion 3* Euro...
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JDN Roofing Limited86 Feedback reviews, 99% positive
jdn roofing limited is a good reliable roofing service that provides genuine quotes the work involves slating tiling flat roofs pointing guttering chimney work fascia soffits downspout leadwork skylights get in touch for free quote and advice.
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PNB Building & Decorating Services84 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Im skilled, motivated and dedicated person.I am based Blackley,Manchester. I have many pleased past/present customers and let my reputation speak for itself, please do not hesitate to contact us for friendly advice or a quote.
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Great Designs77 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We offer a complete BATHROOM refurbishment service. Professional, reliable, affordable. Very good references available. Fully insured. we can also supply bathroom fittings and tiles. We also undertake bigger projects such as whole house refurbishments.
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C&B windows74 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi i have been installing windows for over 14 years and aim for perfection in every job i take on. i class are self's as an expert with in the window industry. Working with the latest Thermal Technologies. Less Energy used to heat your home helps to protect the planet &...
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text:
MALABO, Equatorial Guinea (AFP) – There was frustration for much-fancied Tunisia and for 2012 champions Zambia as the Africa Cup of Nations moved to the remote outpost of Ebebiyin on Sunday.
The small town where the borders of Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon and Gabon all converge welcomed a capacity crowd at its 5,000-seat stadium as Zambia and DR Congo opened their Group B campaigns with a 1-1 draw, with Premier League star Yannick Bolasie rescuing a draw for the Leopards.
And later in the day Cape Verde came from behind to draw 1-1 with Tunisia thanks to a well-taken penalty by the impressive Heldon to leave the group finely poised ahead of the second round of games.
Zambia went on to win the trophy the last time they played in Equatorial Guinea during the 2012 finals, but were eliminated in the group stage a year later despite drawing all their games.
The Chipolopolo extended their unbeaten record in the finals to 12 games, although they were unable to hang on to the second-minute lead handed to them by Given Singuluma, who plays for leading DR Congo club Tout Puissant Mazembe.
Crystal Palace winger Bolasie netted midway through the second half to ensure a share of the spoils, and the result appeared to satisfy Zambia coach Honour Janza.
"It was most important that we did not lose this match because opening games are often very tricky," he said.
"It was a tough game, but we learnt a few things and this will be a stepping stone for us in this competition."
Meanwhile, DR Congo captain Youssouf Mulumbu, of Premier League club West Bromwich Albion, rued his side's poor finishing while accepting that the conditions in the tiny venue in Ebebiyin were not ideal.
"We deserved to have won this game because we were the better team today, but we missed many chances and so did not score more than one goal," he said.
Of the stadium, he added: "We knew Equatorial Guinea obviously wasn't ready to host this Cup of Nations.


text:
OYB February 18
Julie FerwerdaJulie Ferwerda's Blog
- 2009 Feb 18
6:24-30 In recent discussion I was asked a great question about the place of the Torah in our lives today. The person wondered if we are under grace that frees us from the Torah and I explained to her that the problem is not the Torah that keeps us from freedom, it's our understanding and application of it. We often don't understand how the New Covenant has taken the Old Covenant of the Written Torah in stone, and made the Living Torah (Jesus) a very part of our hearts. Jeremiah 31:33 says, "But this is the new covenant I will make with the people of Israel on that day," says the LORD. "I will put my [Torah] in their minds, and I will write them on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people." So if we can try to understand the symbolism, we will see that the application of it is always about freedom in Jesus, as I will try to explain.
Now please understand, I don't have it all figured out yet, and everything I'm stating here is my opinion based on my recent studies, but I believe what I am saying to be true in principle. This passage (Lev. 6:24-30) is an excellent example. If you were living in as an Israelite in those days, or even if you are reading this passage today and you do not have understanding, you have no idea what this particular passage has to do with freedom in Jesus. But notice through our "new glasses" based on the "New Covenant" that this passage is completely dealing with the crucifixion, forgiveness of sins, and also foretelling of Communion when we partake of the body of Jesus as His priests, which makes us holy. The Torah written in stone as we see it in Leviticus, becomes the Living Word of Jesus (Yeshua), written in our hearts through His Spirit in the Gospels. I believe learning to make this transition in our minds is somehow a principle of understanding the place of the Torah in our lives today, and it is up to us to discover the symbolic, spiritual meaning (much like the sacrifice represents Jesus and the yeast represents sin, etc., and don't forget about all our other "actors" that are a part of this play in Genesis-Deuteronomy). The Old Covenant was written in stone and was all about DOING. But the New Covenant is written in our hearts and it is all about BEING THROUGH FAITH AND BELIEF in the Living Word, the redemption and freedom of Christ.
My friend cited Galatians 2:11-21 as her case for our having "freedom from the Law," but I have a different take on it by applying my understanding above, keeping in mind that Jesus said, "I did not come to abolish the Law but to fulfill the Law." So applying our newfound understanding to what Paul is saying, let's substitute some equivalent words in Galatians 2:15-21 for better understanding. This is taken from the NASB and I have substituted only 3 words (works=doing, Law=written Torah, Jesus (any form)=The Living Torah (John 1):
We are Jews by nature and not sinners from among the Gentiles; 16 nevertheless knowing that a man is not justified by the [DOING] of the [WRITTEN TORAH] but through faith in [THE LIVING TORAH], even we have believed in [THE LIVING TORAH], so that we may be justified by faith in [THE LIVING TORAH] and not by the [DOING] of the [WRITTEN TORAH]; since by the [DOING] of the [WRITTEN TORAH] no flesh will be justified. 17 "But if, while seeking to be justified in [THE LIVING TORAH], we ourselves have also been found sinners, is [THE LIVING TORAH] then a minister of sin? May it never be! 18 "For if I rebuild what I have once destroyed, I prove myself to be a transgressor. 19 "For through the [WRITTEN TORAH] I died to the [WRITTEN TORAH], so that I might live to God. 20 "I have been crucified with [THE LIVING TORAH]; and it is no longer I who live, but [THE LIVING TORAH] lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in [THE LIVING TORAH], who loved me and gave Himself up for me. 21 "I do not nullify the grace of God, for if righteousness comes through the [WRITTEN TORAH], then [THE LIVING TORAH] died needlessly."
3:13 Afterward Jesus went up on a mountain and called out the ones he wanted to go with him. And they came to him. Jesus wants you, and He is calling you up to His Mountain. Will you go with Him, too?
Questions for reflection:
What did you personally get out of today's lesson about the Living Torah?
Are you gaining a better understanding of the Torah and how, through it's fulfillment in bodily form, it looks quite different than it did in ages past cut in stone? How does this change your thinking?


text:
"The benefits world is not something I know anything about," said Margaret Mountford at the beginning of Nick and Margaret: We All Pay Your Benefits. It was an odd thing for the presenter of a programme about the welfare system to boast about, but then it dawned on you that this candid admission of ignorance actually was a credential.
Because the problem the programme was addressing was that a lot of people do think they know about the benefits system. And what they know is mostly wrong. People think, for instance, that 40 per cent of our taxes go to pay for Britain's benefits bill, when it's actually closer to just 10 per cent. More pertinently, a lot of people think that a safety net has become a hammock, supporting the workshy in comfortable indolence. Margaret and Nick were on hand to observe that proposition being tested by a series of blind dates, in which taxpayers were paired up with the people their taxes help to sustain.
The grafters had the prejudices that the programme makers needed them to have. Stevie, who works for 60 hours a week as a carer, started out with the assumption that "the majority of people are claiming because it's easy". And to be honest, I don't think Liam, fresh out of university and currently on Jobseeker's Allowance, was likely to change her mind. Stevie inventoried the top-end consumer goods in his bedroom and his iPhone 5 and pursed her lips. Liam, she noted, had more shoes than she did. "They're all name brand," said Liam, "I can't walk around in anything but name brand trainers." Meanwhile, Debbie (who runs her own cleaning company) was asking searching questions about the small zoo that Kelly maintains, along with her two children, and Simon (a central-heating engineer with painful experience of being out of work himself) was ruefully noting that unemployed Kristofer's house was twice the size of his own.
Some of these wary prejudices dissolved with greater knowledge. Kristofer choked up when he recalled a conversation with his son. He'd asked him what he wanted to be when he grew up and his little boy replied, "I want to grow up just like you, Dad." Kristofer feared he wasn't the right kind of role model, a doubt that suggested he almost certainly is and that also comprehensively melted Simon's resistance.
But Cheryl and Debbie, despite some nudging from Margaret about the necessity of giving people more than mere subsistence, sternly drew the line at a system that could end up with the workless taking home more than workers. And Stevie – after watching Liam curl his lip disdainfully at the idea of a job in the wrong kind of retail – looked as if she thought he should get nothing but a firm kick up the backside from an Asda-brand trainer. Next week, the out-of-work get a taste of the workers' lives, and Margaret and Nick may come out of their shell a bit and start earning their presumably generous fee.
I do hope that Ian Brady wasn't able to watch Brady and Hindley: Possession, a mysteriously pointless rehash of the Moors murders, given a frisson of exclusivity by the inclusion of audio tapes of Myra Hindley, delivering her own account of some of the crimes. What was heartbreaking to any normal viewer – such as John Kilbride's mother revealing that she continued to buy him clothes in increasing sizes so that he would have something to wear when he came home – would only have fed Brady's sadistic malice. And the film's teasing suggestion that it might offer evidence for the location of Kilbride's burial site would surely have gratified his teasing sense of control at a distance. "He loves the idea of people being manipulated by him... of people being confused by his different presentations," said a psychiatrist, apparently unaware that he was taking part in a film that could only add to that satisfaction.Reuse content


text:
Trumpette Howdy Bouncy Rubber Cow Blue
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Toys, Dolls, Games & Puzzles
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Nov 23, 2014
- Channel: Auction House
Howdy Cow is designed for hours and hours of fun! The rubber cow is handpainted and is loads of entertainment for many ages! Each Howdy Cow comes in a box with instructions and a mouth piece to help blow the cow up.


text:
The table of contents for sbt documentation is listed below. To get started, please read the Getting Started Guide. Further topics are presented in detail in the Detailed Topics, Howto, and Extending sbt sections.
See also the API Documentation, SXR Documentation, and the index of names and types.
- Getting Started
- How to...
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Community
- Detailed Topics
- Examples
- Index


text:
Windows SharePoint Services Roles
Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) includes site groups to help you assign particular rights to Visual Studio Team Foundation Server users. With site groups, you do not have to control the file and folder permissions separately, or worry about keeping your local groups synchronized with your list of Web users. You can use Windows SharePoint Services administration tools to give project members distinct permissions on each of your project Web sites.
In effect, user management can be delegated from Team Foundation Server administrators to the project leads, once the project lead has been made the administrator of the project site. Site administrators control site access and, by default, have rights to add, delete, or change site group membership for users. Inside an organization, this typically means that site administrators can select users from the list of the organization's users and grant them access based on their roles and needs within a project. For example, if the Web site is the document and information portal for members of a particular project team, the site administrator adds members of that team to the Contributor site group, so that the team members can add documents and update lists.
Members of the Administrator site group for a top-level Web site control more options and features of the SharePoint server than administrators of an individual project site. Administrators of a top-level Web site can perform actions such as enabling or disabling Web document discussions or alerts, viewing usage and quota data, and changing anonymous access settings.
Site administration is separate from Windows SharePoint Services Central Administration. Site administration is accessed through the SharePoint Central Administration tool.
Four Windows SharePoint Services groups are described below:
Web Designer
For detailed information about Windows SharePoint Services groups and Windows SharePoint Services, see the Windows SharePoint Services product documentation.
Restrict membership in Windows SharePoint groups to only those users who need the specific level of access and permissions granted by membership in that group. Add a user or group to the Windows SharePoint Services group that has the minimum permissions required to complete their role within a team project. For example, if a user only needs to view the contents of a team project Web site, add the user to the Reader group, not the Contributor group.
To create a site Administrator, add an existing user account to the Administrator group of the top-level site in Window SharePoint Services.
The user account that was used to install Team Foundation Server is automatically added as a member of the Administrator role for the top-level site. For more information about Windows SharePoint Services administration, see Windows SharePoint Services Administrator's Guide.
Web Designer
A member of the Windows SharePoint Services Web Designer role can create lists and document libraries and customize pages in the Web site. To enable a user to customize a Team Foundation project Web site, add an existing user account to the Web Designer group of the project site in Window SharePoint Services.
A member of the Windows SharePoint Services Contributor role can add content to existing document libraries and lists. To enable a user to contribute content to a Team Foundation project Web site, add an existing user account to the Contributor group of the project site in Window SharePoint Services.
A member of the Windows SharePoint Services Reader group has read-only access to the Web site. To enable a user to read a Team Foundation project Web site, add an existing user account to the Reader group of the project site in Window SharePoint Services.
See Also
TasksHow to: Access Windows SharePoint Services Site Administration
How to: Set Administrator Permissions for Windows SharePoint Services
How to: Set Project Lead Permissions for Windows SharePoint Services
How to: Set Contributor Permissions for Windows SharePoint Services
Other ResourcesManaging Users
Managing Groups


text:
General Surgery Department
General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty focusing on the abdominal organs. It also deals with surgical procedures for the oesophagus, stomach, colon, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and also the thyroid gland and hernias. Broad types of surgeries performed:
General Surgeons deal with a broad range of less emergent procedures- depending on the specialisation of the Surgeon. Procedures such as those for the treatment of varicose veins, circumcision, vasectomies and skin cancer removal are often conducted by General Surgeons.
Surgery is used to both as a treatment, and also complementary to drug therapies, for many conditions, including: • Physical trauma, e.g. wounds • Anatomical Abnormalities • Disorders of function • Inflammation • Ischaemia and infarction • Metabolic disorders • Neoplasia • Other abnormalities of tissue growth, e.g. cysts, hyperplasia or Organ hypertrophy, as well as some cancers, if caught early enough • Deformity and heavy scarring. • Brain damage and nerve damage, and various other conditions.
At Saifee Hospital, we have a team of highly qualified and experienced surgeons who assure effective care and cure to the patient. We offer 7 operation theatres of seamless stainless cladding, all of which have Steridex Membrane Coating, to ensure patient comfort and protection. Our operation theatre staff strictly follow International Infection Control Protocols to safegaurd the patient and medical staff from any infection.


text:
4 June 2008,
London, King Street
Price realised GBP 6,250
Estimate GBP 5,000 - GBP 8,000
LOPEZ DE AYALA, Pedro (1332-1407). Cronica de los reyes de Castilla. Seville: Meinardus Ungut and Stanislaus Polonus, 8 October 1495.
Chancery 2° (280 x 206mm). Collation: a-z8 A-C8 2A10 (a1r woodcut title, a1v list of contents, a2r text, C8r colophon, woodcut printer's device, C8v blank, 2A1r tabula). 216 leaves (of 218, lacking a1-2, a1 title supplied from the second (Toledo) edition of 1526 and printed in red and black, a2 supplied in manuscript). 44-45 lines and headline, double column, printed shoulder notes. Type: 4:144G, 5:98G, 1:82G. Full-page woodcut title, woodcut ornamental and historiated initials, 3- to 5-line initial spaces, some with guide-letter. (Title remargined with a little loss, last leaf on guard and with minor tears at edges, neat repaired tears in about 10 leaves, affecting a few letters in B1, repaired marginal tears in several others, light stain at upper inside margin.) 19th-century panelled calf gilt by Winstanley of Manchester, with his ticket, marbled edges (lightly stained, backstrip missing, boards detached). Provenance: some early marginal annotations washed -- W. B. Chorley (title stamp).
FIRST EDITION. Lopez de Ayala was a Castilian courtier, poet and historian. His History of the Kings of Castile derives from direct observation as well as research; the first edition contains the history of the reign of Pedro I, Henry II of Castile, and John I. One of 8 recorded copies, only 4 of which are complete. HC(+Add) 10206; BMC X, 41 (IB.52393); CIBN L-213; Haebler (BI)38; Vindel(A) V 211; Brunet I, 591 ("fort belle et très-rare"); Palau 140775; Salva 38; Goff L-281.
New York +1 212 636 2000
London +44 (0)20 7839 9060
Hong Kong +852 2760 1766
Shanghai +86 21 6355 1766
Special Notice
No VAT on hammer price or buyer's premium.
Pre-Lot Text


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Merlin Volzke
|Merlin Volzke
October 5, 1925
United States
|February 21, 2013(aged 87)
|Career wins
|Not found
|Major racing wins
|Santa Anita Maturity (1954)
San Pasqual Handicap (1954)
California Breeders' Champion Stakes (1968)
San Gabriel Handicap (1968)
Frank E. Kilroe Mile (1969)
La Jolla Handicap (1969)
San Miguel Stakes (1969)
Hollywood Derby (1970)
|Racing awards
|Leading jockey at Longacres Racetrack (1948)
George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award (1958)
Laffit Pincay Jr. Award (2009)
Merlin Paul Volzke (October 5, 1925 – February 21, 2013) was an American jockey who raced primarily on the West Coast of the United States.[1] He began his professional career in the 1940s and in 1948 won the riding title at Longacres Racetrack in Renton, Washington.
In 1958, Volzke was honored with the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award, given to a jockey who demonstrates high standards of personal and professional conduct, on and off the racetrack.
Volzke retired from riding in the 1970s but remained in the industry, working as a Senior race steward at Los Alamitos Race Course in Cypress, California until he stepped down after twenty-six years of service at the age of 79 in 2005.
At ceremonies held at Hollywood Park Racetrack on July 11, 2009, Volzke was given the Laffit Pincay Jr. Award, an honor awarded annually since 2004 to an individual who has served the sport with integrity, extraordinary dedication, determination and distinction. [1]
|This American horse racing biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
Filmed in the jungle of the Ivory Coast, the latest film from Disneynature — which opens Friday (April 20th) — tells the story of an adorable young chimpanzee, Oscar, as he grows up under the watchful, and educational eye of his mother, Isha.
When Oscar and his group are attacked by a rival group of chimps, he is separated from his mother, and something remarkable happens. The film takes full advantage of amazing footage from a rarely-captured part of Africa — making the movie well worth a trip to the theater to watch it on the big screen, not to mention the fact that part of the first week's proceeds will go to the Jane Goodall Institute.
Watch the video to learn more about what the filmmakers experienced while capturing this story.


text:
There was nothing there of uncomfortableness,—of conscious bracing up to a difficult matter.
Abashed, prickly with uncomfortableness, Father discovered that the saloon-keeper was taking up a collection for them.
As for Noddy, he awakened several times because of the uncomfortableness of his bed.
early 15c. "causing discomfort," from un- (1) "not" + comfortable. Meaning "feeling discomfort, ill-at-ease" is attested from 1796. Related: Uncomfortably.