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Housekeeper in Jacksonville
We provide an affordable housecleaning service Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm. Detailed quality cleaning for low price. No job is too big. Call or text us for estimates at 904-300-... Some of the services we provide: * General Areas Dust furniture, pictures, etc Lamps, bulbs, etc. Cobwebs Dust baseboards Dust ceiling fans/sills and ledges Vacuum/mop floors * Bathroom(s) Clean and disinfect tub, toilet, shower, shower doors, and sink Sweep and mop floor Clean mirrors and glass * Kitchen Wash sink and dishes Clean counter tops Clean appliances Sweep and mop floor Load and run dishwasher Clean outside and inside of microwave Collect and take out trash Wipe stainless steel appliances Clean inside and outside of stove & refrigerator * Bedroom(s) Dust- ledges, shelves, etc. Make bed and change sheets Closets-sweep, mop or vacuum Floors-sweep, mop or vacuum
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text: Aegis Rating: There are a lot of games in the App Store that suffer from being a step or two away from true greatness. They might be missing social gaming, or ignore some basic gameplay functionality, or just scrimp on one aspect or another of the experience. Aegis from V-Sense Communications is unfortunately such an app. You get a sense … Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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One of the greatest benefits of coenzyme Q10 supplements is treatment support for various conditions, such as congestive heart failure, mitochondrial disorders, high blood pressure and migraine headaches, states WebMD. Studies have failed to demonstrate any success in treating neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and ALS, with CoQ10.Continue Reading
CoQ10 is thought to help support these conditions because it plays a role in the cell's ability to produce ATP, which helps to store and transfer energy, explains WebMD. The amount of available CoQ10 peaks in young adults, and by the age of 80, the amount of CoQ10 in the body is lower than that of a newborn infant. Supplemental dosage is determined by the condition being treated and can range from 100 milligrams per day to 3,000 milligrams per day.
CoQ10 is an antioxidant found in foods such as fish and meats and sesame, canola and soybean oils, notes Dr. Andrew Weil. The typical American diet includes approximately 10 milligrams from dietary sources, so supplementation is often recommended for patients with an indicating medical condition. Ubiquinol and ubiquinone are the two forms of CoQ10 supplements available. Ubiquinol is in the active antioxidant form, while ubiquinone is in the oxidized form, which the body partially converts to ubiquinol.Learn more about Vitamins & Supplements


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While media is busy with their choice, considering the exceptional roller coaster year we have witnessed in all walks of life I thought I too should join the bandwagon and choose my person of the year 2010. Be it sports, politics or entertainment we have had a fair share of scandals, scams and success.
Scams, Obama, WikiLeaks & Yana make 2010 spicy
It is as if we are a country of dichotomy. We were hit by numerous embarrassing moments before the Common Wealth Games (CWG) 2010 including the alleged fraud by the organising committee. Yet when the show began and Indian athletes put up a fabulous performance, the pre-event horror was forgotten.
We were repeatedly hit by one scandal or the other supposedly masterminded by either a smart bureaucrat or a rogue politician or a shrewd lobbyist. Some of these have now reached never before kind of proportions both in terms of masterminding the plot as well as the amount of money it has deprived the exchequer.
We, the quintessential "Common Man" as the famous cartoonist R K Laxman calls us have been subjected to all – cartel in mundane and day to day affairs things like onion that led to prices skyrocketing to very macro affair like the 2G spectrum scam or the CWG scam. We have borne the brunt of it all and yet we have tremendous patience and resilience... We have absorbed all shocks and going by our resilience we will continue to take in many more shocks as they happen in the future.
Therefore my choice of best "person of the year" is the Common Man. We have developed tremendous maturity to separate the good from the bad. We have tremendous faith in our judiciary than in our politicians or bureaucrats. We may not be aware of our fundamental rights and duties or may not have done enough to exercise it, but some among us have selflessly worked to place in our hands a deadly weapon like the 'Right to Information Act' which is being actively used by many others today to nail specific issues and instances.
We are world's largest democracy... Our politicians have constantly fooled, conned and cheated us, the citizens. Yet it does not affect us too long. We not only quickly bounce back from these but also are willing to give another chance to the same politician by electing him again.
Long live the Common Man. Let the New Year usher in greater sense of wisdom and intelligence in all of us so that we emerge even stronger through all the mess and scams our politicians will create in 2011.


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Silver- Daily technical Forecast
Silver closed lower on Friday ending a three-day rebound off Monday's low. The low-range close sets the stage for a steady to lower opening on Monday. Stochastics and the RSI have turned bullish hinting that a short-term low might be in or is near. Closes above last Thursday's high crossing are needed to confirm that a low has been posted. If it extends the decline off June's high, June's low crossing is the next downside target.


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Last week in the MLS was one of the wildest weeks of the, starting with the Houston Dynamo taking on the New York Red Bulls. The first and only goal, came in the 7th minute when, a miscommunication struck the Houston Dynamo's backfield allowing Kenny Cooper to shoot and score.
Even though this was the only goal of the game, the New York Red Bulls received three yellow cards. The first yellow came in the 45th minute when Kenny Cooper shoved Callin Carr down. Then in the 56th minute Connor Lade was shown a yellow card for a foul committed on Jeremaine Taylor. Taylor then was subbed out and went into the locker room for a further injury investigation. Less than three minutes later, Dax McCarthy acquired a yellow for a dissent which means he argued with the referee about something he thought should have been called. Finally, after five minutes of added time, the Houston Dynamo lost 1-0 to the New York Red Bulls.
Shortly after the Red Bulls, Dynamo game the Chicago Fire matched up against Real Salt Lake. This game resulted in a 0-0 tie and only one yellow card was given. The yellow came in the 71st minute when Kyle Beckerman, of Real Salt Lake, received a yellow for a dissent. In the 93rd minute, the game came to an end with a tie.
Finally, the Seattle Sounders against FC Dallas. The Seattle Sounders won this match and improved their record to 7-1-1. Freddy Montero, of the Seattle Sounders, scored the first goal in the 68th minute on a corner shot. Then four minutes later, in the 72nd minute, Freddy Montero scored once again after a wonderful pass by Alex Caskey in the corner. After four minutes of added time, the Sounders clinched up their 7th win.
Soccer Saturday started off with the LA Galaxy playing the Montreal Impact. Most people thought that this game would be a simple win for the Galaxy, but no, because the first goal came in the 7th minute when Davy Arnaud received a pass from Nelson Rivas. Then in the 63rd minute David Beckham scored the equalizing goal after a penalty kick miss. After five minutes of added time the game ended in a 1-1 tie.
In Saturday's second match the Houston Dynamo opened their new stadium in a match against DC United. The only goal came in the 61st minute when Brad Davis shot and scored from 36 yards out. The ball was then sent to the MLS Hall of Fame. BBVA Compass Field was a hit to Dynamo fans.
Then the New England Revolution faced off against the Vancouver Whitecaps. The Revolution won 4-1. In the 5th minute, Eric Hassli, from the Whitecaps, managed to score his second goal this season after Sebastien Le Toux delivered a spectacular pass. One minute later Lee Nygen managed to score a goal from 40 yards out tying the game at 1-1. Later in the 24th minute Saer Sene scored a breath-taking goal making the score 2-1. At the 39th minute mark Sharlie Joseph, of the New England Revolution, scored after Alain Rochett tryed to deflect it. The last goal of the game came in the 72nd minute when Lee Nygen made a wonderful shot after a deflection from Alain Rochat.
Sporting KC played the Chicago Fire immediately after the Whitecaps, Revolution game. The Fire won 2-1 but the first goal was a Sporting KC goal after Bobby Convey received a great pass from Julio Cesar. The next goal came in the 61st minute on a penalty kick that Sebastian Gruzzini shot and scored tying the game at 1 all. The game winning goal came in the 72nd minute when Dominic Orduro shot a short-kick that rolled into the goal. Many of the 500 Sporting KC fans that where at the game went home unhappy.
Saturday's final match was the primetime match between the Seattle Sounders and Real Salt Lake. Real Salt Lake won 1-0 and with the only goal coming in the 51st minute on a right-footed shot by Fabian Espindola when he received a pass from Luis Gil. The game ended after 3 minutes of added time.
Perhaps the most exciting MLS match this week came on Sunday afternoon when the New York Red Bulls took on the Philadelphia Union. The game had five goals and five cards. Joel Lindpere, of the Red Bulls, scored the first goal of the match with range. Then in the 31st minute Lionard Pajoy, of the Union, headed a beautiful shot that went in for goal. Immediately after halftime the second goal came for Lionard Pajoy after he lightly tapped the ball in for a goal. In the 63rd Markus Holgersson headed the game tying goal after a corner for the Red Bulls. The final goal of the week came in the 78th minute when Kenny Cooper scored his ninth goal this season on another little kick. The game ended in a 3-2 win for the Red Bulls and an exciting week for the MLS.
The match to watch in week 11 is Chivas USA vs the LA Galaxy. The Superclasico, Chivas USA is going into this match looking to beat the LA Galaxy who tied last week with the Montreal Impact. Another notable match this week is Sporting KC vs the Colorado Rapids. Sporting KC is 7-3-0 and Sporting has lost their last three matches, while the Rapids are on a two game winning streak. This game will most likely end up with a win for Sporting and a loss for the Rapids. The final notable match in week 11 is the Montreal Impact squaring off against the New York Red Bulls. This game should be a simple win for the Red Bulls but the Impact could prove to be a tough team to conquer.


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January 22nd, 2014
It's hard to go anywhere this time of year without running into someone who is coughing, sniffling or sneezing. Yes, it's cold and flu season, and experts say the number of reported cases is already at an elevated level. If you or someone you know is under the weather, you'll be happy to know that relief may be as close as your pantry.
Homemade chicken soup isn't just comforting in the cold weather, it can also help you feel better when you're suffering from a cold. While soup is by no means a "cure-all," there's no better comfort food when you're feeling sick or run down. The warm fluids in soups can help to clear nasal congestion. Clear broths like Pacific Foods Organic Chicken Broth or Simply Stock are great for helping to keep you hydrated, too. Homemade soups are often filled with a hefty dose veggies, offering your depleted body an ample supply of much needed vitamins when you're not eating well. Perhaps Grandma was right all along.
In between cups of soup, a warmed non-dairy beverage like Pacific Foods' Organic Almond Non-Dairy Beverage can warm the soul, as well. We've listed a recipe from Mark's Daily Apple that's tasty any time, whether you're suffering from a cold or just want a way to cozy up in the chilly winter weather. The cayenne and turmeric spices in this tea can clear your head and hopefully comfort those aches and pains associated with the flu virus.
If someone you know has been hit with a cold or the flu, why not whip up a batch of chicken soup to share? This recipe is hearty, easy to make and full of flavor. Fill up a mason jar, tie it with a ribbon and drop it off with some herbal tea. There's nothing more comforting than get well wishes.
Adapted from the Bon Appetit.com
3 tablespoons olive oil
3 bunches green onions, sliced
4 teaspoons ground cumin
2 1/2 teaspoons smoked paprika
8 cups Pacific Foods Organic Chicken Broth Low-Sodium
1 (14 1/2-ounce) can of petite-diced tomatoes in juice
1 roast chicken, meat shredded, skin and bones discarded
4 teaspoons hot pepper sauce
2 (15-ounce) cans golden or white hominy in juice
2 cups of frozen corn
1 cup chopped fresh cilantro
Heat oil in a heavy large pot over medium-high heat. Add green onions, cumin, and paprika; sauté 5 minutes. Add broth, tomatoes with juice, chicken, and hot pepper sauce. Puree hominy with juice in processor or blender. Mix into soup; bring to boil. Add corn. Reduce heat; simmer 15 minutes. Stir in cilantro. Ladle soup into bowls.
Adapted from Mark's Daily Apple
8 ounces (1 cup) Pacific Foods Organic Almond Non-Dairy Beverage
1/2 teaspoon turmeric
1/2-inch wide round slice of ginger root, peeled and finely chopped
Dash of cayenne pepper
1/2 – 1 teaspoon honey or other sweetener
Optional additions: a small pat of butter, cinnamon, cardamom
Gently warm the almond non-dairy beverage on the stove.
In a mug, combine the remaining ingredients.
Drizzle a teaspoon of the warmed milk into the mug and mix until the liquid is smooth with no lumps. Add the rest of the milk and mix well. You can leave the pieces of ginger in the tea, or strain them out before drinking.


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We caught up with Jesse McCartney on the AMAs red carpet! Jesse McCartney talked about his new EP, Technicolor, Part 1, out December 10, as well as growing as an artist with every new release. Jesse also revealed who hes most excited to s...
|Jesse McCartney Talks Miley Cyrus Performance & New EP!
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Written on: 08/03/2014 by AndresCrespo (2 reviews written)
I booked Disneyland Paris tickets with TR. Email with confirmation and booking details came with wrong info. I have been holding on the phone for exactly 29 minutes. Customer Services are not bad, they are simply inexistent. Do they realise that apart from my distress for booking details being wrong, not being able to speak to a customer representative is making the situation worse, particularly as I pay for the 30 minute call (now 33 minutes).
Written on: 08/03/2014
UPDATE. I spent over an hour on the phone and I finally hung up as I got tired of paying for a call that was going no-where. To Travel Republic's CREDIT, tickets arrived through the post with the right information (unlike in the confirmation email). That is a happy ending despite the drama in-between.
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Holiday to Costa Almeria " Read More
" Dreadful service and cost me a fortune " Read More
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The book rack from Pottery Barn Kids has a slim profile and takes up less space than a regular bookshelf, allowing room for play. The forward-facing covers act as colorful art.
A small space with an identity crisis finds its place as the perfect spot for kids to hang out.


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Seats of Power
Adam Rose of Fallen Owl Tattoo shop, the recipient of Westword's Best Good Samaritan Tattoo Joint award this year, thinks tattoo artists sometimes unfairly get a bad rap. But not Rose, who frequently hosts art auctions and fundraisers for local charities, like tonight's Sh%ts & Giggles Charity Art Show. More than thirty tattoo artists, illustrators and painters turned toilet seats into works of art, many of them functional, for the event.
"Times are tough," Rose says. "I can sit back and complain about nothing getting done, or I can be a part of the community and do something." To that end, the artful thrones will be auctioned off, with a starting bid of $50 each, to benefit the Action Center, which provides essential items to distressed Colorado families. "They run everything on a shoestring," Rose notes, "and everything goes back into the local community."
Because of the variety of artists involved, the fancy seats are across the board in terms of style, theme and imagery, Rose says. From snake fangs and skulls to pinups and sailing ships, there's something for everyone — not unlike a tattooer's catalogue.
Sh%ts & Giggles silent bidding begins at 8 p.m. at Local 46, a new bar at 4586 Tennyson Street, with drink specials, live entertainment and Action Center representatives present to make the evening more interesting; the party runs until midnight. For more information, visit Fallen Owl's Facebook events page, www.facebook.com/events/182019658595232.
Fri., Aug. 3, 8 p.m., 2012
Related Location
4586 Tennyson St.
Denver, CO 80212
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Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
University of Southern California, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 4600, Los Angeles, California 90033
Cochlear implantation offers the potential to restore sensitive hearing in patients with severe to profound deafness. However, surgical placement of the electrode array within the cochlea can produce trauma to sensorineural components, particularly if the initial turn of the cochlea is not successfully navigated as the array is advanced. In this work, we present a robot-mounted common-path swept-source optical coherence tomography endoscopic platform for three-dimensional (3-D) optical coherence tomography (OCT) registration and preoperative surgical planning for cochlear implant surgery. The platform is composed of a common-path 600-μm diameter fiber optic rotary probe attached to a five degrees of freedom robot capable of 1 μm precision movement. The system is tested on a dry fixed ex vivo human temporal bone, and we demonstrate the feasibility of a 3-D OCT registration of the cochlea to accurately describe the spatial and angular profiles of the canal formed by the scala tympani into the first cochlear turn.
Cochlear implant surgery is an elective procedure capable of restoring auditory sensing capability in patients with profound to severe hearing loss.1–4 In patients presenting with profound hearing loss due to damaged or absent cochlear hair cells, implantation of a multichannel array aims to restore hearing by directly stimulating residual fibers of the auditory nerve via current injection, thus bypassing nonfunctional hair cells. Surgical opening of the cochlea adjacent to the round window, forming the cochleostomy, enables placement of an electrode into the scala tympani. Figure 1(a) depicts the cochleostomy site in a human temporal bone with the round and oval windows. An electrode array placed within the scala tympani stimulates auditory neurons to carry afferent traffic to the auditory brain stem. The electrode is coupled to an internal processor that is linked to an external microphone and speech processor to convert sound into electrical impulses carried by the electrode array. Figure 1(b) shows a drawing of the anatomy of the cochlea, highlighting the features relevant to cochlear implant surgery.
(a) Cadaveric temporal bone dissection demonstrating the transmastoid, transfacial recess view of the round and oval windows of the cochlea. The oval windows position is superior to the round window niche. The site of cochlear opening is demonstrated in the anteroinferior aspect of the round window niche. The cochleostomy is positioned to avoid impaling the structures that separate the scala tympani from the more-cephalad scala media. (b) Schematic of the cochlear canal from the entrance to the first basal turn. The electrode is embedded in the scala typani at the basal turn to stimulate the auditory nerve cells at the basilar membrane (BM).
Cochlear anatomy creates an environment which requires extreme precision to avert cochlear damage.5,6 The scala tympani is angulated in its proximal origin7 and tapers from 2 to 3 mm at the round window to <1 mm at the basal turn, where the implant is placed. The scala tympani compartment is bounded by a thin basilar membrane cephalically and forms the foundation for the organ of corti. The basilar membrane is tethered to the osseous spiral lamina housing peripheral extensions of the auditory nerves. The intrascalar distance from the round window to the initial curvature of the basal turn is on average 6 to 7 mm in adults.8 Preoperative planning to find the optimal insertion path for the electrode is important for proper electrode placement, particularly given risks to the basilar membrane with buckling or misdirection of the electrode array as it is advanced through the basal turn.9
Current standards of care involve computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to image cochlear anatomy. However, these modalities do not have sufficient resolution to generate a detailed image of the cochlea and, in the case of CT, the imaging procedure induces a dosage of radiation in the patient. In addition to path planning, preoperative imaging is necessary to determine if there are anomalies to be resolved prior to the surgery. CT and MR imaging cannot easily detect if a patient presents with an obliterated cochlea, wherein access to the basal turn is blocked by bone or fibrous tissue, and additional surgical drilling is needed to gain access to the cochlea.10 Proper anatomical information of a patient's temporal bone can reduce complications arising from improper insertion trajectory or electrode placement. Such complications include damage to the spiral ligament, facial nerve exposure, dura exposure, damage to the chorda tympani, and long-term bacterial infection.11–13 A 2004 study of 300 pediatric patients, an important population for the procedure, showed major complications occuring in 2.3% of patients and minor complications in 16%.14
Recent research into cochlear implant surgery assistance has ranged from developing novel piezoresistive-sensing electrodes to patient-customized drill guides.15,16 In this work, we focus on a three-dimensional (3-D) optical coherence tomography (OCT) image registration to navigate scala tympani anatomy and plan the surgical procedure. OCT is an ideal modality for this aim as it uses biologically safe infrared light and is capable of producing high-resolution 3-D images of biological tissue.17–19 With specific regard to cochlear implant surgery, OCT has been shown to be a useful modality for preoperative image registration. Research groups have used a Michelson-interferometer OCT setup for imaging the cochlear lumen to determine its orientation presurgically20 and for external imaging of the cochlear canal through the cochlear promontory.21 Lin et al.22 demonstrated rapid in vivo lumenal imaging of murine cochleae using a rotating 350-μm distal OCT probe, signifying the potential of real-time catheter-based probes for otologic interventions.
In this work, we seek to demonstrate the use of a common-path catheter-based OCT probe guided by a surgical robot for 3-D image registration. Common-path OCT provides advantages over traditional Michelson-based setups,23 especially in a surgical setting. A small optical fiber probe is capable of entering the cochlear lumen through surgical entry points. With a single arm, the probe functions as a highly accurate distance sensor. No additional alignment is required and consequently catheter probes can be quickly exchanged between surgeries. An inexpensive, disposable common path probe could serve as a surgeon-held navigational tool in cochlear implant surgery. We present a robot-mounted common-path swept-source OCT (CP-SSOCT)-based fiber endomicroscope capable of imaging the cochlear canal and guiding surgeons to the basal turn. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that 3-D image registration using a common path catheter probe guided by a surgical robot has been employed for cochlear implant surgery. We demonstrate the use of this system in dry ex vivo human temporal bones to show a proof-of-concept for future in vivo surgical planning and intraoperative guidance.
We use a CP-SSOCT because it yields many benefits in a surgical setting.24 The ability to use a lensless fiber system yields small imaging probes, which are capable of being used in the restricted environment of the cochlear canal. Because probes must be sterile for each operation, a single-optical arm is beneficial. Furthermore, negating the additional alignment of a reference arm and the low cost of polished fiber allows the probes to be disposable between surgical procedures. Additionally, the single-arm setup of CP-SSOCT prevents the formation of complex-conjugate images of target tissue, allowing for simplified image processing. The main advantage of the common-path setup is that it allows accurate distal measurements relative to the probe tip, allowing highly accurate image registration. A schematic of our CP-SSOCT system is shown in Fig. 2. The system is built to have the ability to run in both standard and common-path configurations, though the latter is chosen for this work to allow for multiple experiments during a single session.25 The OCT engine is a 1310-nm swept-source laser (Axsun Technologies, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts) operating at a 50-kHz A-scan rate with a 19-μm axial resolution. Return signal is collected using a single input on a balanced amplified photodetector (ThorLabs, Inc., PDB110C, Newton, New Jersey) and digitized (Alazar ATS9350, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada). Output light is passed through an SC-connector rotary coupler (Princetel, Inc., Hamilton, New Jersey), which is rotated at 5 to 10 Hz. The distal fiber is SMF-28 (Gould Technology LLC, Millersville, Maryland) with a buffered diameter of 250 μm and a cladding diameter of 125 μm. In order to image "sideways," perpendicular to the fiber axis, the fiber is polished to a 45-deg angle26 using an aluminum oxide fiber-optic polishing system (KrellTech, Morganville, New Jersey). Similar sideviewing schemes involving polishing, microprisms, and fused half-ball lenses have been previously used by many groups.27–31 In order to maintain a single-arm setup and to keep the probe simple for disposability, a bare-polished fiber is selected. Although this lensless system cannot focus light at the distal end of the probe, the reflected signal provides sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for imaging. To confirm the imaging capability of the bare sideview probe, the SNR is calculated at various distances by translating a mirror from 0.5 to 3 mm. The overlaid A-scans are shown in Fig. 3. The SNR decays from 50 dB at 0.5 mm to 30 dB at 3 mm, a sufficient distance given the small diameter of the cochlear canal. The return interference signal from the OCT probe is passed through the circulator to an unbalanced detector, from where it is digitized and processed in custom C++ software.
Schematic of common-path swept-source optical coherence tomography (CP-SSOCT) system with a side-viewing rotary probe. The system has the ability to run in either standard or common path configurations, though the latter is chosen for this work.
Signal decay profile of a bare-fiber probe polished at 45 deg. A-scan signals from a mirror surface showing the signal-to-noise ratio decay from 50 to 30 dB by translating the mirror from 0.5 to 3 mm.
The reference plane for the interferometer comes from the cylindrical side of the bare fiber as a result of the Fresnel reflection from the polished surface. The reference level is highly sensitive to the angle of polish. Sharma and Kang28 showed the exponential decay of reference power at the side of the fiber from ∼1% when polished at 45 deg to nearly 0% at 50 deg due to the imperfect coupling back into the fiber core. Analysis of the profile of coupling is calculated using ABCD matrix theory for a beam passing through a cylindrical lens.32 With, relative to the fiber axis, x representing the curved transverse plane, y representing the noncurved transverse plane, and z representing the plane along the fiber axis, the electric field of the recoupled beam is calculated to be Display Formula
Coupling loss of reflected light back into the fiber core is imperfect with a sideviewing probe, due to polish angle and astigmatism. (a) Ray trace of the incident (red) and return (purple) beams showing beam deflection away from the core based on polish angle, and (b) astigmatism due to the focusing of light by the cylindrical surface of the SMF causes additional recoupling loss.
The fiber is placed inside a 25-gauge (25G) hypodermic tube (McMaster-Carr, Atlanta, Georgia) with a window cut into the side to allow the beam to exit. The proximal fiber is glued using UV curable epoxy to the needle, providing mechanical support and smooth transmission of angular torque to the fiber when connected to the rotary coupler. A 600-μm outer diameter polyimide sheath (Microlumen, Inc., Oldsmar, Florida) is placed over the needle. This sheath prevents tissue and dust from entering the needle and damaging the fiber optic probe. Due to its semitransparency in the near infrared range, the sheath allows the light to pass without significant attenuation. The distal end of the probe is sealed with epoxy. The distal end of the probe is ∼20 cm long and 600 μm in diameter, which allows it to be small enough to pass up to the basal turn of the cochlear canal. Figure 5 shows a schematic and photograph of this sideviewing probe.
(a) Schematic of the bare SMF, polished at 45 deg, encapsulated in a hypodermic needle and polyimide sheath. (b) Photograph of the 600-μm probe next to a US dime.
Due to the small working area within the cochlea (6 to 7 mm in depth and down to <1 mm in diameter), it is crucial for surgeons to precisely and accurately navigate the region of interest. Toward this aim, we incorporate the "EyeRobot2" platform developed by the Computer Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology Engineering Research Center (CISST ERC) at the Johns Hopkins University.33 EyeRobot2 is a five degrees of freedom surgical robot to assist surgeons in various procedures; it has previously been used with vitreoretinal surgical tools, some of which are based on OCT.34 The robot is capable of micrometer-scale precision movement of its surgical tool tip. The tool tip is attached to a handle with force-sensing capabilities. The robot is operated in cooperative mode, where the robot senses the forces exerted by the surgeon on the tool handle and moves the tool to comply. By mounting the rotary coupler to the robot arm, a sixth degree of freedom is gained. Figure 6(a) shows the setup of the probe mounted onto the EyeRobot2 platform. The rotary coupler is encapsulated in a custom-built case, which connects the coupler to a stepper motor (Maxon Precision Motors, Fall River, Massachusetts). This casing also tightly couples the proximal end of the hypodermic needle of the imaging probe with the motor. As a result, the motor, casing, and the entire length of the needle probe rotate smoothly and concurrently. Figure 6(b) shows a close up of the rotary arm of the robotic system attached to the needle probe. Video 1 shows the robot and mounted probe as set up during an experiment imaging a dry human temporal bone.
(a) Photograph of the EyeRobot2 platform with the imaging probe mounted. (b) Close-up of the robot arm with the mounted rotary motor (M), custom-built casing (C), 21G tubes for restricting lateral motion (T), and CP-SSOCT needle probe (P). Video 1 (MOV, 8.58 MB) [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.5.057004.1] shows this setup being used in imaging a dry temporal bone.
To reduce vibration, the needle probe is passed through two additional short 21G tubes proximal to the length of needle which enters the temporal bone. These two tubes are affixed to the robotic arm, as shown in Fig. 6(b). These two tubes restrict the lateral movement of the needle probe as it rotates. Experimental calibration of the probe by imaging the inside of a smooth plastic cylinder showed the lateral vibrations were insignificant and on the order of the axial resolution of the probe.
The mounted probe was tested on a dry ex vivo human temporal bone. The probe is position to be approximately coaxial to the round window and is then passed through the round window aperture. The positioning and rotation of the probe are controlled by robotic software. Using the robot to restrict motion along the probe's axis, the probe is slowly navigated down the cochlear canal, taking rotary OCT scans at increments of 200 μm.
Software to acquire and analyze data is performed by using a hybrid CPU and graphics processing unit (GPU) system. The imaging software is synchronized with the motor controller such that the system collects A-scans concurrent with motor rotation, experimentally calculated to be accurate within 10 ms. A double buffer is used to store unprocessed A-scans to reduce any processing delays. Since the swept-source laser is free-running, a variable amount of A-scans may be collected during each synchronized rotation, but this minimizes the angular "twist" that could occur if the systems were unsynchronized. The GPU is used to perform a fast Fourier transform on spectra to produce the depth profile image for each A-scan. A-scans are averaged to produce 3072 scans per rotary image and then converted to radial display using a polar-to-cartesian algorithm with interpolation to obtain discrete pixels. Though the image is displayed at 512×512 pixels, 3072 scans are used to reduce aliasing during interpolation. Contours are calculated on these radial images using an edge detection algorithm. Contours are processed by the EyeRobot2 platform to generate a "virtual fixture" to restrict the motion of the probe, avoid collisions with the cochlear membranes, and maintain a coaxial configuration with the cochlear canal. Figure 7 shows the software workflow used to process, display, and analyze rotary images in real-time.
Multithreaded workflow of the CP-SSOCT software system. CPU threads include the main (green), image processing (light orange), postprocessing (purple), and robot communication threads (red and blue). A GPU (dark orange) is used to perform the complex FFT operation.
A rotation scan was taken midway down the cochlear canal of a fixed, dry human temporal bone. The tissue from the bone was removed during the preparation process, leaving only the bony structures. Figure 8 depicts this scan, with the fiber and sheath reflections filtered out and with anatomical annotations overlain. The superior and inferior chambers of the cochlear canal are outlined, though the dividing scala media and membranes are removed. The osseous spiral lamina, a bony projection from the modiolus of the cochlea and a part of the structure dividing the two chambers, is visible. From this, we can estimate the location of the two membranes which form the scala media. Rosenthal's canal houses the spiral ganglion, the mass of neuron bodies receiving input at the hair cells, and is visible medial to the osseous spiral lamina. Just superior to that is a cavity formed by the modiolar artery, which perfuses the cochlea.
A rotary scan depicting a cross section of a dry human temporal bone, with annotations overlain for relevant anatomy. Because the tissue has been removed during preparation, only bony structures are visible; the cavities for the modiolar artery (MA) and spiral ganglion (housed in Rosenthal's canal) are visible within the medial border of the cochlear canals. The location of the scala media, shown by dotted lines, is estimated based on the bony projection of the osseous spiral lamina (o.s.l.), bordered by Reissners membrane (RM) and the BM.
Selected images taken from a scan down the round window to the basal turn of a dry fixed human temporal bone are shown in Figs. 9(a)–9(c). The reflection from the surface of the fiber and the sheath are filtered out for display purposes. The lumen of the cochlea in these images shows the merged scala tympani and scala vestibuli (due to the removal of tissue when the bone is fixed). The diameter and orientation of the canal fluctuate as the probe progresses deeper. The probe is able to clearly detect the surface. In Fig. 9(d), a 1−1 mm2 inset taken from Fig. 9(b) shows the probe's ability to detect local anatomy. The rotation scans are stacked together to form a 3-D cube of data for the cochlear canal. A sagittal slice from near center of the data cube shows the trajectory of the cochlear canal from the round window to the first turn in Fig. 9(e). The width of the canal tapers from ∼1.5 mm just inferior to the round window to <1 mm when approaching the first turn. The curvature of the first turn can be visualized in this cross section.
Radial scans of the cochlear lumen (a) just below the round window (top-left), (b) in the middle of the canal (top-right), and (c) at the basal turn (bottom-left) indicate the orientation of the scala tympani and scala vestibuli. (d) A 1×1 mm2 inset (bottom-right) demonstrates the ability of the probe to detect local anatomy. (e) A sagittal cross section of the three-dimensionl (3-D) data volume shows the curvature of the cochlear canal, with dotted lines depicting the locations of (a)–(c). The osseus spiral lamina (o.s.l.) is indicated in (a).
The combination of an OCT imaging probe with the EyeRobot2 platform allows for quantitative measurement of cochlear anatomy required for 3-D OCT image registration. After calibration, EyeRobot2 is capable of measuring the location of the distal end of the OCT probe with micrometer accuracy. To image the entire canal, the probe is positioned at the round window, parallel to the estimated axis of the cochlear canal, and then guided with robotic assistance stepwise down the length of the canal to the first basal turn. The probe is advanced at 200 μm down its axis at each step, A rotary scan is obtained, and a contour detection algorithm is applied to detect the walls of the canal. These contours serve a dual purpose: during the procedure, these contours allow the robot to recenter the probe to maintain coaxial descent down the canal and prevent trauma to the cochlear walls; after the procedure, these contours are processed to determine the orientation and shape of the cochlea. The location of the distal end was recorded by EyeRobot2 along with each rotary scan. 243 transverse rotary scans were obtained along the canal, until the probe reached the lateral wall of the first turn, traveling a total distance of 5.02 mm. The rotary scans were stacked together to form a 3-D image cube. Figure 10 shows this image from (a) an isometric angle and (b) down the lumen of the cochlear canal. Figure 10(c) shows a surface profile calculated from the contours. For image analysis, postprocessing of contours is done by filtering out segments in which a clear contour could not be detected (Video 2).
(a) Isometric view of 3-D optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume of the cochlear canal. (b) Bird's eye view down the lumen of the cochlear canal. (c) Surface profile of the cochlear canal generated from the surface contours of the OCT scans taken at 200-μm intervals along the canal. Video 2 (MOV, 24.2 MB) [URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.5.057004.2] shows postprocessing of contours to form 3-D surface profile.
To validate that this 3-D registration model is anatomically correct, the angle of rotation of the basal turn is calculated based on the center axis of the canal. Using two piecewise orthogonal distance regression lines in the relatively straight segments of the canal proximal and distal to the start of the basal turn, the angle of the basal turn was calculated to be 37 deg. This angle of rotation for the proximal 5.02-mm segment down the canal is more acute than that shown previously with 3-D helico-spiral models of the human cochlea based on CT of fixed histopathologic specimens,35 though this difference may be accounted for by anatomical variations, changes in the calculated curvature due to removal of soft tissue, and imaging only up to the first turn.
Understanding preoperatively the anatomy of a patient is critical for mitigating risks of insertion trauma with cochlear implant surgery. In this work, we are able to demonstrate 3-D OCT registration using a sideviewing probe that is small enough to navigate into the luminal space of the cochlea to produce high-resolution images of the cochlea up to the first basal turn. Using the micrometer accuracy and precision of the EyeRobot2 platform, we are able to register the OCT images to the robot's frame and assist with navigation of the probe to generate accurate metric data of the canal structure and orientation The performance of our system was tested using a dry ex vivo dry fixed human temporal bone. Images of the cochlear canal in 3-D are produced along with quantitative spacial information, producing a personalized anatomical atlas of the target location of implant electrodes. These results suggest that a robot-assisted CP-SSOCT approach to preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance is feasible for cochlear implant surgery.
The quantification of OCT endoscopy images can have a meaningful impact on presurgical planning. Current standard of care involves estimating the angle of the basal turn through the use of sagittal CT cross-sections.36 Lloyd et al.37 discuss the use of 3-D modeling as a way to improve accuracy in presurgical planning, as compared with uniplanar measurements. The platform described in this article is able to apply this concept using OCT to quantify the angular profile of the scala tympani up to the first turn.
Recent advances in endoscopy, such as spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE),38 allow for quantified high-resolution surface profiles of anatomy by using spectral gratings. Kang et al.39 have shown miniaturization of SEE probes to as small as 0.5 mm. However, OCT provides an additional advantage in that it allows for imaging of structures deep to the luminal surface, including arteries and nerves. Importantly, the location of the medial wall "spur" created by the osseous spiral lamina that houses critical neural structures is readily discernible with the techniques described here. As a tool to accurately detect critical boundaries of the scala tympani, CP-OCT offers a refined strategy of in vivo assessment of electrode array designs and surgical techniques aiming to place the array in proximity to neural targets without iatrogenic tissue injury.
A common-path approach to surgical use of OCT provides crucial clinical benefits. The stability of these probes from misalignment allows them to become disposable and robust enough to be easily integrated into a surgical workflow. Though the SNR and imaging depth are limited compared with lensed probes, for narrow surgical workspaces like the inner ear, common-path probes can be an excellent choice. In future work, we plan to investigate the use of a balanced detector for CP-OCT as implemented by Lorenser et al.,40 to improve the probe's sensitivity.
This study has limitations that will be targeted in future work. With in vivo studies, the probe's performance in human tissue can be accurately measured. We tested the probe on a dry bone where the soft tisse was removed. An improved study could measure the effects of wet tissue on the probe's performance prior to an in vivo study. Furthermore, the current probe is only able to measure up to the first basal turn. With the use of a more flexible casing, the probe can be integrated with the electrode array. This would allow for real-time guidance during surgery, allowing the surgeon to negotiate cochlear turns with accuracy, averting contact and damage with the surrounding tissue. Improvement of distal optics, such as the use of a sapphire half-ball lens, could increase the sensitivity of the probe while maintaining a common-path configuration and small diameter. The implications of this probe are broad in both risk mitigation and improving the cost and efficiency of the surgical procedure. A combination of these two factors could ultimately lead to increased accessibility of cochlear implant surgery to the patient population.
To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of a robot-mounted CP-SSOCT imaging platform for 3-D image registration of the cochlear canal. The system is able to accurately measure the spatial and angular profiles of an ex vivo human temporal bone and locates important anatomical features. This platform has the potential to provide surgeons with preoperative guidance to ensure accurate insertion and atraumatic placement of the cochlear implant array.
The work reported here was funded in part by research support from Cochlear Americas and in part by Johns Hopkins University Internal Funds. Support of effort provided by the Sidgmore Family Foundation.
Saumya S. Gurbani received his MSE degree in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 2013, where his research focused on OCT endoscopy in cochlear implant surgery. He is pursuing training as a physician-scientist with research focused on medical imaging.
Paul Wilkening received his BS in computer engineering and electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University in 2011. He is currently a PhD candidate in computer science at Johns Hopkins University in his second year. He is conducting research on robot-assisted microsurgery under Dr. Russell H. Taylor with the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics.
Iulian I. Iordachita received his BEng, MEng, and PhD degrees in 1984, 1989, and 1996, respectively, all from the University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania. He is currently an assistant research professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. His current research interests include medical robotics, medical instrumentation, smart surgical tools, computer assisted surgery and mechanisms and mechanical transmission of robots.
Russell H. Taylor received his PhD in computer science from Stanford in 1976. After spending 1976 to 1995 as a research staff member and research manager at IBM Research, he moved to Johns Hopkins University, where he is the John C. Malone Professor of Computer Science and director of the Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics. He is the author of over 350 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters and has received numerous awards and honors.
John K. Niparko, MD, is the Tiber Alpert professor and chair of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery at the Keck School of Medicine of the USC. A native of Detroit, he received his zoology and MD training from the University of Michigan, where he completed his residency in otolaryngology and a fellowship in neurotology. He has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed reports and serves as editor-in-chief of Otology & Neurotology.
Jin U. Kang is Jacob Suter Jammer professor of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. He received his PhD degrees from the School of Optics (CREOL) at the University of Central Florida in 1996. He has published more than 150 refereed journal papers. He is a fellow of the Optical Society of America, SPIE, and American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).
Biographies of the other authors are not available.
Saumya S. Gurbani ; Paul Wilkening ; Mingtao Zhao ; Berk Gonenc ; Gyeong Woo Cheon, et al."Robot-assisted three-dimensional registration for cochlear implant surgery using a common-path swept-source optical coherence tomography probe", J. Biomed. Opt. 19(5), 057004 (May 07, 2014). ; http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.5.057004
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Check out this new review of our battery pack for the Sony a7R II & a7S II. David Oastler shows us the un-boxing and connections for our versatile product.
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text: Pep up Your Device! GMYLE Book Case Vintage is made with hard covers in distinguish-looking, high quality crazy horse pattern leather with a strong, thick spine. You can disguise your Tesco Hudl 2 as a book, bringing a stylish vintage look. The soft, velvet interior not only keeps damage at bay, but accentuates the sleek design of your tablet.


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''Under Pressure'' Played During Segment On USA's The Today Show, Thursday 12/15/2005Queen's song ''Under Pressure'' (which David Bowie guests on), was played and used on a segment on the morning talk Television program, ''The Today Show'', Thursday 12/15/2005, which is broadcast in the USA, on the NBC Television Network.''Under Pressure'' was played at 8:10 am EST, on a segment, news story discussing teens having sex at too early and young an age, because of pressure from their peers to do so.
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iZotope Neutron Advanced - Electronic DeliveryMFR# 10-NTADV
- Description
Achieve unprecedented focus and clarity in your mixes with iZotope Neutron. This new mixing plug-in combines the latest innovations in analysis and metering with award-winning audio processing.
Mix with confidence
With powerful new features like Track Assistant and Masking Meter, Neutron helps you quickly reach an optimal starting point, clearly identify perceptual frequency collisions, and fully wield creative control over all your mix decisions.
Meet your new assistant
An industry first, Neutron's new Track Assistant lets you create a custom preset based on your audio to get you to a faster starting point so you can focus on what's most important – your creative take on the mix.
Different instrument tracks — like vocals, dialogue, guitar, bass, and drums — are automatically detected. Neutron then applies the spectral shaping technology within Neutrino to provide subtle clarity and balance to each of your tracks.
Unmask your mix
Another industry first, Neutron's Masking Meter allows you to visually identify perceptual frequency collisions, which can result in guitars masking lead vocals, bass covering up drums, and other issues that can cause a "muddy" or overly crowded mix. Toggle seamlessly between any two tracks to carve out sonic space and ensure that each instrument has its own place to shine.
izoptoe's best processing yet
Neutron features some of the best audio processing we've ever created allowing you to achieve better sounding mixes inside your digital audio workstation. It includes five industry leading mixing processors, all zero-latency capable, including a static/dynamic Equalizer, two multiband Compressors, a multiband Exciter, and a multiband Transient Shaper, as well as an ultra low-latency BS.1770 True Peak Limiter – perfect for all your mixing needs.
Perfect for audio post
Neutron Advanced is also a smarter way to mix for audio post production. Neutron's high-quality, CPU-efficient audio processing offers zero-latency processing across all mixing modules, an award-winning BS.1770 True Peak Limiter, dynamic EQ with sidechaining to sonically balance sub-mixes, an automatic dialogue-polishing Neutrino mode, and surround sound support in all 5 modules and individual plug-ins.
- Based on iZotope's Spectral Shaping technology
- Adds clarity and detail to your mix
- Subtly enhances instrumental separation and focus
- Four modes: Voice/Dialogue, Guitar/Instrument, Bass, and Drums/Percussive
- Simple controls
- CPU efficient
Track Assistant
- Automatically detects different instrument types like guitar, vocals, bass, and drums
- Creates custom, optimal starting points based on your audio tracks
- Offers three levels of power, from Subtle to Medium to Aggressive
- Adds Neutrino's Spectral Shaping sound for subtle focus and clarity
- Intelligently places EQ nodes and creates an EQ curve
- Sets optimal settings for signal flow, including single or multiband processing
- Smartly places crossovers in multiband modes
- Selects Compressor style (Digital or Vintage) and automatically sets settings (Threshold, Attack, Release, and Ratio)
- Selects Exciter algorithm blend and dials in a custom amount tuned to the audio
Masking Meter
- Visually identifies which frequencies are being perceptually masked by another track
- Adjusts both the selected track and masking track's EQ settings from within the same plug-in GUI
- Identify frequency masking trouble spots over time using the Histogram
- 3 Limiting Algorithms: Transparency, Low Latency, and Hard
- 3 Character Modes per algorithm: Clear, Thick, and Smooth
- Zero-Latency Mode
- True Peak Limiting
- Static or Dynamic functionality per node
- Side-chain functionality for Dynamic nodes
- Up to 12 EQ Bands
- Flat LP/HP, Resonant LP/HP, Analog lo/hi shelf, Baxandall bass/treble, Vintage lo/hi shelf, Prop Q, Band shelf
- Multiple frequency scale types: Linear, Mel, Log, Extended Log, Flat Log
- Adjust both the lead track and masking track's EQ settings from within the same plug-in GUI
- Piano roll overlay
- Individual Equalizer plug-in ADVANCED ONLY
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- Individual Compressor plug-in ADVANCED ONLY
Transient Shaper
- 3 Global Modes: Precise, Balanced, Loose
- 3 Contour Shapes: Sharp, Medium, and Smooth
- Single or multiband
- Crossover frequency auto-learn
- Analog (zero-latency) or Hybrid (transparent) crossovers
- Individual Transient Shaper plug-in ADVANCED ONLY
- 3 Global Modes to fine-tune saturation color: Full, Defined, Clean
- 4 blendable saturation types: Tube, Warm, Tape, & Retro
- Unique, easy to use blend interface
- Single or multiband
- Crossover frequency auto-learn
- Analog (zero-latency) or Hybrid (transparent) crossovers
- Individual Exciter plug-in ADVANCED ONLY
- Neutron plug-in with with 5 built-in mix modules and limiter
- Neutrino spectral shaping technology
- Track Assistant
- Masking Meter
- True Peak Limiter
- 500+ professionally designed presets
- Individual Equalizer with Masking Meter
- Individual Compressor
- Individual Transient Shaper
- Individual Exciter
- Surround support up to 7.1
- Technical Specifications
Additional Information
Condition New Software Delivery Electronic Delivery Plug-in Type Utility Operating System Mac, Windows
- Reviews
- Testimonials
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Waterwise 4000 Glass Storage & Collection Bottle - 1 Gallon Capacity (New Style Replaces Model #4070)
This Glass Storage and Collection Bottle for the Waterwise 4000 Distiller is a new style design! It replaces the older model #4070. Multiply your convenience and ease of use by getting an extra bottle. One collection and storage bottle can be in the fridge chilling and the other hooked into the Waterwise 4000. Give yourself, your family, your pets, and your plants plenty of fresh, pure water for drinking every day with the Waterwise 4000 Distiller and this #4080 Glass Storage and Collection Bottle.
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Description Author Alecia K Name Waterwise 1 Glass Gallon Replacement Bottle for Model: 4000 Distiller Brands Waterwise Type Water Distiller Parts and Accessories Options Water Distiller Bottles Home or Commercial Home Material Glass Color Clear, White Capacity 1 Gallon Quantity Included 1 Manufacturer's Warranty N/A Weight (in Lbs) 1


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Surprisingly Awesome
Sail Date: June 10, 2016
Reviewed: 1 year ago
Traveled As: Family (young children)
Room Type: Suite
I was surprised how good the food was having read other reviews that stated the opposite. The pizza bar has the best pizza (almost) that I've ever had. The ship was clean. The bars were great. The piano bar was so much fun. My kids like the kids club. The only downsides were the pool being small and very crowded on ocean days and the fact that you had to walk through the (very) smoky smoking section to get to where you drop off the 9-11 year olds for the kids club. I know it would be impossible to expect a smoker to not smoke at all, however it would be nice if they had some sort of set up that eliminated the smoke in that area as much as possible.
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The BVA has paid tribute to outgoing DEFRA ministers Caroline Spelman and Jim Paice after David Cameron reshuffled his cabinet. The association has thanked both ministers for their hard work.
The BVA has paid tribute to outgoing DEFRA minsiters Jim Paice and Caroline Spelman while welcoming new members Owen Paterson and David Heath, who are now secretary of state and minister of state, respectively.
Speaking of Mr Paice and Ms Spelman, BVA president Carl Padgett said: "The BVA has enjoyed a very good relationship with DEFRA with Caroline Spelman and Jim Paice at the helm. They both showed a huge amount of respect for the scientific views and expertise of the veterinary profession.
"The bold policy decision taken on bovine TB underlined their understanding of the importance of veterinary scientific evidence as well as the needs of the farming community and we are grateful that they led on such a difficult political issue."
He said the BVA had "consistently been given a fair hearing and the opportunity to put forward the views of the veterinary profession" on important issues such as dangerous dogs, microchipping, wild animals in circuses and welfare at slaughter.
However, while the BVA welcomed the new DEFRA ministers, he said: "Bovine TB policy is at a critical stage and we are keen to ensure they are fully briefed on the latest scientific evidence."
The departure of Ms Spelman and Mr Paice come as prime minister David Cameron carries out his biggest reshuffle of the cabinet since the coalition formed in 2010. Messrs Paterson and Heath have taken up their new roles.
Image of Jim Paice © defragovuk


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Beijing Guide
With an emphasis on the recent, there are three
main periods: imperial, republic and peoples republic.
There is archaeological evidence of
'Lantian Man', an upright walking hominid and the more
advanced 'Peking Man' dating back 600,000 years.
Imperial Period
China's recorded history dates back
more than 5,000 years.
China's imperial history is one of the
cyclical rise and fall of dynasties interspersed with
periods of warring states and, in the last century, of
revolution, reform and modernization.
The legendary Xia was
possibly China's first
dynasty, though its existence has
yet to be confirmed by concrete historical documentation.
The Shang and Zhou dynasties succeeded the Xia. Together
these 3 dynasties make up the 'Three Dynasties' era
The Shang dynasty (1700
China's first verifiable dynasty. Shang
events were first documented during the Han dynasty and
have been verified by subsequent findings. Bronze
technology and written language developed. The belief in
ancestor worship dates from this period.
The Zhou dynasty (1200
Introduced one of the most enduring
imperial period concepts: the 'Mandate of Heaven' - that heaven grants authority to strong and
wise rulers and repeals the mandate from rulers who fail.
The loss of the mandate is believed to be heralded by
natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, famine or
The waning years of the Zhou dynasty -
from 600BC - and those following its collapse in 256BC,
are known as the 'Spring and Autumn' period, or the 'Warring States' period. Though a time of violence, it was also
one of innovation and change. The era witnessed
discoveries in iron smelting, medicine and an increase in
trade and diplomacy.
Intellectually this was a vital time.
Traditional beliefs began to give way in favor of new
ideas based on the writings of Confucius,
a scholar who codified relationships between ruler and
ruled, a central cultural ethic of China and many other
asian countries up to the present.
The Qin dynasty
The first dynasty to unify China. Qin Shi Huang is regarded as China's first emperor. He ruled ruthlessly and even destroyed ancient
practices or literature not corresponding to his ideas.
Although the Qin dynasty lasted only 15
years, its impact on Chinese culture was great. The feudal system was introduced which became a central feature
of imperial China. Weights and measures, currency and the
written language were all standardized, setting the stage
for lasting economic cohesion.
Huge infrastructure projects were
completed, including a road system and an early version
of the Great Wall. One of the most impressive artefacts from the
Qin period is the Terracotta
Army guarding Qin Shi Huang's tomb
in Xi'An.
Han dynasty
China's first great imperial dynasty.
Its founder, Liu Bang, later called Han GaoZu,
introduced Confucianism as a political ideology and the
central governing principle of Han rule. This ideology,
which stressed a harmonious relationship between ruler
and subject, remained dominant in the following
Under Han rule, China expanded
territorially, economically, intellectually and
culturally. The Silk
Road was opened to allow trade in
tea, spices and silk with India, west asia and Rome. The
southern provinces were subdued and brought under Han
control and Buddhism, which became one of the dominant religions in
China, was introduced from India.
The Han dynasty had such an impact on
the national character that to this day the majority of
Chinese still call themselves "Han Chinese".
Following the collapse of the Han
dynasty in 220, China entered a period of disunity.
However, the idea of a unified China was never forgotten.
Though violent and chaotic, the era witnessed the rise of
Buddhism and a thriving system of trade.
Tang dynasty (618-907)
Chinese culture reached a new peak. It
was a time of new ideas in literature, music, art and
agriculture. Tang China encouraged trade and played host
to traders, travelers - and the ideas and religions they
brought. Islam was introduced, though Buddhism remained the
most influential foreign belief.
China's influence on her neighbors
increased. Tang China expanded into Tibet and
both Japan and Korea adopted the Chinese language (though
later developed independently) and Buddhist religion.
Politically, Wu ZeTian,
China's only empress, abolished a civil service based on
birth and created one of China's most enduring
institutions: a civil service based on merit.
Northern and Southern
Song dynasties (907 - 1276)
With the fall of the Tang, power once
again shifted to the provinces. Five separate dynasties
rose and fell in the years 907-960. Between 960-1127, the
Northern Song dynasty, founded by Song Tai Zu, held sway.
In 1127 the Northern Song was pushed
south by invaders from the north. The Southern Song
dynasty (1127-1276) prospered south of the YangZi River
inventing, among other things, gunpowder, fine porcelain
and moveable type print.
Yuan dynasty
Was instigated by a Mongol
conquest of China that led to the collapse of the
Southern Song. The Mongol invaders established Kublai Khan,
grandson of Genghis
Khan, as its first emperor.
The empire ruled by Kublai Khan was the
largest the world has ever seen, stretching from the
Pacific to the Adriatic.
Yuan China was open to foreign
influence, missionaries and travelers. In Kublai's court
a cosmopolitan array of foreigners served active duty. Marco Polo
spent several years in Kublai's service, and related his
experiences in 'The Travels of Marco Polo'.
The Mongol capital was situated in
present day Beijing and construction of the Forbidden City began in this period.
By the early 14th century, however, the
Yuan dynasty began to lose its grip on China. Rebellion
by northern tribes dissatisfied with Mongol rule,
followed by famine and floods in the south, prompted the
messianic Red
Turban Society to launch a
rebellion, which helped pave the way for the fall of the
Yuan in 1368.
Ming dynasty
Zhu YuanZhang (later named Hong Wu), a
former rebel leader of the Red Turban Society founded the
Ming dynasty. Hong Wu was an extreme despot - he purged
his civil servant corps and literati twice, killing
thousands. Under Ming rule, state power was consolidated
with the creation of an autocratic government.
After the opening of China's doors to
foreign influence during the Yuan dynasty, Ming China
closed them tightly. Emperor Wu, claiming that
nothing from the "barbarian" outside world was
needed in China, instituted an isolationist policy. Most trade and diplomatic relations
were halted. The Great Wall's construction was completed
to stem invasion from the north. It is a lasting icon of
this isolationist policy.
China had been a great seafaring
nation. However, after 1424 seafaring expeditions were
forbidden and European countries rose uncontested as the
great seafaring nations of the age. However, Ming China
did expand the empire's control - parts of Turkestan,
Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam and Myanmar were brought under
chinese influence.
Because of the isolationist policy, the
vitalizing benefits of trade were virtually totally lost
and Chinese culture turned inward.
Culturally the Ming period is famous
for its artistic accomplishments, especially the blue and
white glazed porcelain vases - which were, and still are,
highly valued both in China and abroad.
Corruption, court intrigues and inept
emperors led to peasant uprisings. Then, a Manchu
invasion from the north, unhindered by the Great Wall,
brought the fall of the Ming in 1644.
Qing dynasty
China's last dynasty. The Manchu
rulers immediately suppressed the peasant rebellions that
had rocked the Ming - but it took them 20 years to
consolidate their power.
The early Qing period saw an increase
in agricultural production, the construction of massive
flood control and other public works projects, and a
flourishing of the arts and scholarship.
Much of the Qing period was one of
wealth and expansion. China expanded to its greatest size
ever, incorporating Inner and Outer Mongolia and
Turkestan. Qing emperor QianLong (1736-1796),
regarded as one of China's greatest rulers, presided over
a period of wealth and expansion during which China
reached the apex of its power.
However, China's prosperity was not to
last. Increased population, food and land shortages,
official corruption and expensive military campaigns
threatened Qing prosperity and authority. Increased
contact with the militarily superior west in the later
half of the 19th century further hastened the fall of the
Qing in 1911.
Western nations had been trading with
China for centuries, despite the closed-door policy.
Under the Qing, trade was restricted to GuangZhou
(Canton). This system of trade, known as the Canton System, was regulated to the extreme. Despite the
regulations, western nations, Britain in particular,
flocked to China.
By 1760, Britain's East India Company
had joined the traders in GuangZhou in search of tea,
silks and porcelain. Britain's thirst for tea created a
balance of trade vastly favoring China. China was a
willing exporter, but disdained western goods. Silver
flowed into China and remained there.
In 1793, Britain tried in vain to
establish a trade treaty with China. However, her
overtures to the Qing court were rebuffed. Britain's
traders took the matter into their own hands and began a
clandestine trade in opium to counteract the
trade imbalance.
Opium, by no means unknown in China,
had previously been a drug only for the very wealthy.
Cheap opium, imported from India, had, by 1820, created a
vast number of addicts. As the numbers rose, China's
trade surplus became a deficit.
In 1836, the emperor strictly
prohibited trade in Opium. Dealers and users were to be
harshly punished. However, his order went unheeded. In
1840, in another attempt to stem the trade, chests of
opium were seized and burned in Canton (GuangZhou). This
action served as the impetus for Britain to start the First Opium War, in which China's markets were forcibly opened.
The term Gunboat Diplomacy stems from the gunboats used
by the British.
After 2 years of fighting, the Treaty of NanJing (1842) ended the First Opium War. China was no
longer allowed to isolate herself from trade and
diplomacy with the west. The treaty stipulated five
Treaty Ports to be opened to trade, provided for the 99
year lease of Hong
Kong to the British crown, and
ensured the humiliating practice of extraterritoriality.
Extraterritorialty stipulated that
foreigners in China were to be subject only to the laws
of their homeland, not to the laws of China. The unfair
treaty system remained in force until 1943.
The Qing's humiliating defeat at the
hands of foreigners in the Opium War heralded the
collapse of the dynasty. Its defeat, compounded by
floods, famine and government corruption irrevocably
weakened its mandate to rule.
By 1850, China was in chaos, engulfed
by internal rebellions. A Chinese Christian evangelist, Hong XiuQuan, led the notorious TaiPing Rebellion, the largest of the
rebellions. He preached Christianity, radical economic
and political reforms, and anti-foreign rhetoric. His
call to arms in 1850 was taken-up by 20,000 chinese angry
at Qing rule.
The TaiPing Army swept though the
YangZi basin swelling in numbers along the way. The
rebellion was only suppressed with the help of the
European powers, who took action for fear of a China
controlled by Hong's anti-foreign government.
Following the suppression of the
TaiPing Rebellion, the Qing government made a
half-hearted but futile attempt to regain control and
institute reform. Ci
Xi, the Empress Dowager and
dominant political figure in the Qing court, exemplified
the court's lack of commitment to reform. The Summer
Palace, including the beautiful, though useless, marble
boat, was built at this time under Ci Xi's orders using
misappropriated navy funds.
In the waning years of the 19th century
China was plunged deeper into chaos. The Qing dynasty was
further weakened, and its military ineptitude laid bare,
when China suffered another humiliating defeat in the Sino-Japanese war. As demands from foreigners for trading,
economic and political concessions mounted, so too did
anti-foreign sentiment in China. Peasants began to form
secret anti-foreign societies.
The Boxers were one such
society. They adhered to a mystical faith that included
spells and rituals, which, they claimed, made them
invincible to the foreigners' bullets. The Boxer's
anti-foreign stance won them the semi-official support of
the Qing court which gave its blessing to the Boxer Uprising (1900) in which hundreds of foreigners were
An international army defeated the
Boxers and Ci Xi fled Beijing. Though the dynasty held on
for another 10 years, the Boxer uprising signals the
effective end of all but nominal Qing control.
After the Boxer rebellion, the Qing
government made one last ditch attempt to reform and
regain its mandate to rule. However, it had fallen from
grace. As power devolved to provincial rulers, rebellion
and uprisings became the norm.
In 1911, a popular uprising, led by the
Tong Meng Hui (that later became the KuoMinTang), Sun YatSen's
revolutionary society, finally toppled the Qing, thus
ending 2,000 years of imperial rule.
Next : Republic


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Initiation of solvent production, clostridial stage and endospore formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum P262
- Received:
- Cite this article as:
- Long, S., Jones, D.T. & Woods, D.R. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (1984) 20: 256. doi:10.1007/BF00250635
- Citations
- 249 Downloads
A minimal medium was used to investigate the triggers regulating the initiation of solvent production and differentiation in Clostridium acetobutylicum P262. The accumulation of acid end-products caused the inhibition of cell division and the initiation of solvent production and cell differentiation. Initiation only occurred with a narrow pH range. Glucose or ammonium limited cultures failed to achieve the necessary threshold of acid end-products and solvent production and differentiation were not initiated. The addition of acid end-products or ammonium to cultures containing suboptimal levels of glucose or nitrogen respectively, enhanced solvent production. Resuspension of cells in media containing the threshold level of acid end-products and residual glucose induced endospore formation. Glucose or ammonium limitation did not induce sporulation and there was a requirement for glucose and ammonium during solventogenesis and endospore formation. Initiation of solvent production and clostridial stage formation were essential for sporulation. The induction of endospore formation in C. acetobutylicum P262 differs from that in the aerobic endospore forming bacteria where sporulation is initiated by nutrient starvation.


text:
London, November 25 (ANI): American First Lady Michelle Obama seems to have kicked aside controversy over her expensive French sports shoes and has ordered thigh-high leather boots from the same country.
President Barack Obama's wife has made the order from French designer based in Romans, Robert Clergerie.
Robert Clergerie said that a retailer in Michelle's hometown Chicago had sent in the order after she could not find the perfect style she desired.
The shoemaker mentioned that one of the pairs was specially modified from the catalogue model to fulfill Michelle's desire, reports the Telegraph.
She has also ordered a pair of calf-length boots in beige buckskin, according to Clergerie, whose boots sell for hundreds of pounds.
Meanwhile, Michelle had recently courted controversy for wearing 540-dollar Lanvin trainer to a charity event.
Critics had claimed it was inappropriate to wear such expensive shoes to a charity event for the poor. (ANI)


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|<< Previous book
|Next book >>
Once Burned, Twice as Hot(1989)
A novel by Patt Bucheister
Rhys Jones had come to exotic Hawaii in search of a mysterious woman-but the powerfully good-looking lawyer forgot his quest after he bumped into a strawberry blonde who was temptation in the flesh. When he learned that the exquisite Lani was part of the puzzle he'd come all the way from London to solve, Rhys was even more intrigued... and aching with the need to possess her. When she moved before him in the timeless rhythms of the hula, her body promised sensual delights he'd never imagined, but her lips warned that he was forbidden. Swept away by unexpected yearning when Rhys embraced her with devastating hunger, Lani moaned in protest... and pleasure. In his arms she blossomed as a woman, burned by the fires of elemental passion that branded her his forever, but ghosts from the past haunted her nights. Rhys was everything she wanted, a tidal wave who knew no, limits-but would giving her heart mean leaving the world she loved?
Used availability for Patt Bucheister's Once Burned, Twice as Hot
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
December 1989 : USA Mass Market Paperback
|Title: ONCE BURNED, TWICE AS HOT (Loveswept)
Author(s): Patt Bucheister
ISBN: 0-553-44016-0 / 978-0-553-44016-4 (USA edition)
Publisher: Loveswept
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Genre Pages


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Robert Pattinson Charms at ELLE's Women In Hollywood Celebration
Getting ready to join some of Hollywood's leading ladies, Robert Pattinson arrived at ELLE magazine's 19th annual Women in Hollywood gala in Beverly Hills on Monday (October 15).
The "Twilight" heartthrob looked dapper as he made his way into the Four Seasons Hotel held soiree and alongside fellow guests including Anna Kendrick, Jaime King and his "Bel Ami" co-star, Uma Thurman, whom he was tapped to present one of the night's awards.
Aside from Miss Thurman, other A-listers picking up honors included Cate Blanchett, Emma Watson, Sarah Jessica Parker and Elle Fanning.
The main event saw Elle's Robbie Myers and Kevin O'Malley tend to hosting duties while "The Soup" host Joel McHale was the night's master of ceremonies.


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Mediterranean Bliss!
Sail Date: August 01, 2010
Reviewed: 6 years ago
Traveled As: Couple
Room Type: Balcony
Pros: The ship was wonderful, the excursions were great!
Cons: Wish we had more time at each port...
Recommends Celebrity Equinox? Yes!
Category Ratings
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Food and Dining
|The presentation and menu options of the food on board were great. The quality and taste were good but not excellent. I think that after a few nights, some of the options kept tasting the same. Ambiance was nice but we wished that there was more than one main dining room.
|The cruise entertainment group was phenomenal because they really showed off their talents by performing several shows throughout the cruise. The guest entertainers were also interesting and did a wonderful job. Some more variety, aside from just singing, may have been nice. I enjoyed the comedian, as well as the jazzy violin player.
|Ship Quality
|The ship is extremely large and sometime crowded in certain areas but given its size, the publics areas offer wide spaces, beautiful decor and are always clean. I truly enjoyed the ship's amenities.
|Cabin / Stateroom
|Great size, beautiful decor, clean, and had a nice location and turndown service. The halls were long so sometimes it got stuffy and the air quality was poor (in the hallways) but nothing to be concerned over.
|Service and Staff
|The staff is very friendly, accomodating, welcoming, and answer all questions with a positive attitude.


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London, Dec. 20 (ANI): Ahead of his sensational comeback on the racing circuit, Formula One legend Michael Schumacher has been warned by his former Ferrari team-mate that the reigning F1 champion Lewis Hamilton has an edge over him.
The seven-time champ is on the verge of a sensational Formula One return with Mercedes GP four years after he retired from the sport.
While Eddie Irvine reckons the German ace, 40, can turn back the clock and win races next season, he believes that Schumacher - infamous for his ruthless track tactics during his pomp - will lift off the pedal when he goes head-to-head with younger rivals like Hamilton.
"Lewis is not going to back off and someone like Michael will have to. He will be 41 and, as you get older, you do that. The young guy will have the psychological advantage. There has never been anyone better than Michael in getting a car around a circuit as fast as possible," News of the World quoted Irvine, who spent four years as Schumacher"s team-mate, as saying.
"But in a head-to-head with Lewis or some of the younger guys, I wouldn"t put my money on Michael as he would be mad to get really involved. On pure speed, he is probably up there with the best of them still. But I don"t believe Michael will be as fast as he was seven years ago," he added.
"If you watch his early days when he was at Benetton and Ferrari, his speed was quite sensational. But he gradually lost a little bit of that, so he is not at the peak of his game. But he is still good enough to win races as he is such an immense talent."
Schumacher"s comeback should be confirmed in the next few weeks.
He will be named as Jenson Button"s replacement at Mercedes, formerly known as Brawn.
Irvine reckons his old team-mate is returning to F1 because he is bored.
"He is very, very bored I think and he is definitely up for it. Michael has basically been go-karting since he was four or five, so he knows nothing else. I think when he retired he had nothing else to do. He tried motorbikes which was complete madness as he was not very good. It was more dangerous and he wasn"t getting paid, so I never understood that one. F1 makes sense," he said. (ANI)


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Copper Fire Heart Earrings
♥ These earrings are handmade by us for you ♥
Copper Fire Heart Earrings are hand cut to the geometric shape of a romantic heart with an open cutout center. The cutout center lightens the earring to make them dangle more freely, but it adds some character to them, too! These earrings are entirely handmade start to finish and would be a great Valentine's day gift for yourself or that special someone.
The polished hammered texture reflects light in an amazing way. No matter what angle they're viewed from, the pendants shimmer with light - we call this effect copper fire.
The earwires are matching copper hooks with a decorative ball.
Earring Size: 1-7/8" or 48mm
The earring size is measured from the top of the earwires to the bottom of the lowest bead or component.
Jewelry Components:
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- Heart Shaped Copper Pendants
- Copper Hook Earwires
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How about one of these items...
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You may contact us any time, even on weekends, through the email above. Please make sure that you whitelist our email by adding it to your email contacts so that our reply to you is not lost in your junk mail filter. We will return your email within 24 to 48 hours.


text:
Three weeks ago, I noted that the trailers for at least three of this summer's would-be blockbusters happen to include images of people being blown out of holes in airplanes or starships. But it wasn't until today that I was reminded of a fourth such movie — namely After Earth, the post-apocalyptic M. Night Shyamalan flick starring Will Smith and his son Jaden. There were very brief images to this effect in the first trailer released in December, and then again in the second trailer released in March, but I somehow didn't pick up on this until I saw the new TV spot released a few days ago. So here it is!
More people getting sucked out of holes in airplanes etc.!
April 17, 2013 by Peter T. Chattaway 1 Comment
Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: after earth, jaden smith, m night shyamalan, will smith 1 Comment
Related posts from FilmChat:
Newsbites: A "teen Jesus" series is being developed by the creator of Orange Is the New Black, and more!
About Peter T. Chattaway
Peter T. Chattaway was the regular film critic for BC Christian News from 1992 to 2011. In addition to his award-winning film column for that paper, his news and opinion pieces have appeared in such publications as Books & Culture, Christianity Today, Bible Review and the Vancouver Sun. He has also contributed essays to the books Re-Viewing The Passion: Mel Gibson's Film and Its Critics (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), Scandalizing Jesus?: Kazantzakis's The Last Temptation of Christ Fifty Years on (Continuum, 2005) and The Bible in Motion: A Handbook of the Bible and Its Reception in Film (De Gruyter, 2016).
- http://b-moviecat.blogspot.com/ EegahInc
That's hilarious! I bet the second most seen image will be people jumping over the sides of cliffs. Yay 3D!


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jQuery Accordion
Framework: jQuery Listed in: User Interface
This jQuery plugin creates an accordion menu. It works with nested lists, definition lists, or just nested divs. Options are available to specify the structure, if necessary, the active element (to display at first) and to customize animations. The navigation-option automatically activates a part of the accordion based on the current location (URL) of the page.
Plugin Features
- Fully customizable via CSS
- Supports various accordion styles and behaviors
Browser Compatibility
Tested in:
- MS Internet Explorer 6, 7, 8
- Mozilla Firefox 2, 3
- Opera 9
- Apple Safari
- Google Chrome


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Need to order an online blood test in Hunting Valley, OH? Simply order your online blood test and get tested at a lab in Hunting Valley, OH (Find More Locations):
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In a time of rising healthcare costs, we are happy we can help people in Hunting Valley, OH get an Online Blood Test.


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|Eric Karlan - Vito lead a team of IT Application Scripters/Packagers...
Mr. Vito J. Convertini
Northridge, California - United States
About Mr. Vito J. Convertini
Career Summary
10+ years - ntier Enterprise Systems and Technical analysis. Knowledge of Services Oriented Architecture, RUP and ITIL Best Practices and Terminology. Familiar with Web Services, Messaging and User monitoring.
Effectively performed Service Delivery implementation for over thirty full life-cycles of Service Delivery Projects including Mercury Inter-active Suite of Tools. Successfully initiated improvements and alternative solutions to streamline existing workflow with a focus on interaction and flow of integrated monitoring systems.
7+ years – Hands-On Application Integration (Wise Studio, MSI, WinInstall, Zenworks, WinBatch, WMI, SMS). Inclusive Roles were Quality Assurance, User Acceptance, Deployment and Post Production Support – Level 3
Excellent client relationship management, analytical, verbal and written communication skills.
If you notice offensive or incorrect information, please contact us.
Mrs Anne Stevenson
S. Benjamins
Mark Klaaren
Eric Wegfahrt
Senior Technical Rec@
Sharp Decisions Inc


text:
|Holzhaus / Blockhütte
|2 Nächte
My husband and I brought two of our adult age children along for two weeks of fishing Alaska. We were so thoroughly impressed by the comfort and pleasant, home-like feeling of the cabin. All the amenities and then some were there. Thank you, Chris, for your openness and friendly nature. We hope to visit you and your property again in the near future. Oh, and we love the dogs, too. It was a fabulous trip!! Thanks again!
After spending 13 days in Alaska staying in many places, if I could do it all over again, This cabin is where I would stay. It is a lovely little place but has whatever you need. My favorite place to drink morning coffee is on the back deck of this cabin. All the gray jays will begin to gather in the treetops hoping you have a crumb or two. If they see a cookie or a donut, they will land on the deck table and literally take your breakfast away. Hilarious fun. The manager is just up the hill so if you need him, he can be there but otherwise you may just get a visit from his Saint Bernard. Really enjoyed our stay. Not a huge place, just big enough for 4, if you have 6, it is best if 2 of those are children. It was clean, well stocked with coffee and condiments. Full size fridge, stove, oven, and dishwasher, plus washer and dryer. Close enough to the Kenai river to go fishing.
Cabin was very clean, cooking utensils very adequate & freezer available for our catch of the day. Cabin is very secluded, which we enjoyed. The owners were very helpful with any problem and helpful with information of the area. We would definitely stay there again! Thank you for providing your cabin so others can enjoy your beautiful state.
Beautiful remote cabin with all the comforts of home.
Alicia and Chris - We really enjoyed staying at the cabin and the amenities were very nice. It was a little bit more of a drive than we expected but the area is beautiful. The dogs were very affectionate and we really liked them except that they usually live under the house and have a tendency to bark at bears or what might be perceived as bears in the middle of the night even when staying at the nearby new cabin. Otherwise, great!
Beautiful cabin in a remote setting. The picture do not do it justice!! And the friendly dogs were an added bonus!!
|Minimum Preis
|Zusätzliche Nächte
|pro Nacht am Wochenende
|pro Woche
|pro Monat
2 Nächte Mindestaufenthalt
449 €
für 2 Nächte
ab184 €
1.302 €
|Anmerkungen: Preise basieren auf 3 Gästen; pro zusätzlichem Gast werden 23 € pro Nacht berechnet.
|27,54 €
|54,15 €
This is based on double occupancy.... A $25 dollar fee will be added per ADULT a night...


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|<< Previous book
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Ship Ahoy(1995)
(The fifth book in the Lottery Luck series)
A Chapter Book by Judy Delton
Invited to film a TV commercial while on board a luxury cruise, the Greens, Aunt Ivy, and Lois look forward to living the lives of millionaires until Aunt Ivy leaves her purse and home and then gets seasick. Original.
Used availability for Judy Delton's Ship Ahoy
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
September 1995 : USA Paperback
|Title: Ship Ahoy (Lottery Luck, #5)
Author(s): Judy Delton
ISBN: 0-7868-1022-X / 978-0-7868-1022-2 (USA edition)
Publisher: Hyperion Pr
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Genre Pages


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I have a '95 cirrus 2.5L V6. It just died one day while driving. So we looked into it. I took out my distributor and saw that there was oil on the end of it, is it supposed to have oil on it?
Q: I have Oil on my distributor on 1995 Chrysler Cirrus
(1) Answer
| |
If there is oil inside the distributor itself the seal at the base of the distributor has failed. Oil should not be allowed to enter the distributor itself. A re manufactured distributor will be needed to keep oil out of the distributor.


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A luxury cruise on an aging ship.
Sail Date: March 06, 2015
Reviewed: 2 years ago
Traveled As: Couple
Room Type: Balcony
We were so surprised about this ship. The crew was exceptional and kept it up so well. Our cabin attendant, Jun, was always about working and waiting for our needs to be met. Rey in ShoGun and Jonathan in the Trattoria were 2 of the nicest men and always attentive. We made friends quickly. The entertainment was always top notch. Food in the specialty restaurants was diversified and gourmet and always served perfectly. We enjoyed each meal. Overall, the staff was friendly and eager to please. No complaints anywhere, except possibly shore excursions. I told them that to walk in the lava rock, they should have told us to wear closed toe shoes. Their reply was, you should wear comfortable shoes. Mine were comfy, but not safe in the sandy-like terrain. This is a safety issue and I was trying to prevent falls. My friend almost went down! Otherwise, well done!
Category Ratings
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Ship Quality
|Needed sprucing up a bit, but was so clean.
|Food and Dining
|Had the upgraded package. Terrific service and food.
|Service and Staff
|Jun, from the state room. Jonathan from Trattoria and Rey from ShoGun.
|Diverse but always wonderful. Not just the ship group over and over.
|Children's Programs
|Write a comment.
|Onboard Activities
|Write a comment.
|Destinations and Excursions
|Everywhere but Morocco. Leave that place alone.....
|Cabin / Stateroom
|Always super clean and welcoming. Jun was amazing!
Port Ratings
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
Click table then swipe to view all columns.
|Barcelona, Spain
|Gaudi was everywhere and awesome.
|Casablanca, Morocco
|Favorite thing was getting out of there. Dirty, smelly and I felt unsafe.
|Funchal, Madeira
|The sled ride.
|Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Canary Islands
|Just walking and enjoying the beauty of every bit of the town, not just the main streets like in the Caribbean.
|Arrecife, Lanzarote, Canary Islands
|The lava experience was unique.
|Malaga, Spain
|Went to Gibraltor. Should have been able to take a bus to see the monkeys. It was so late, we had to go off and eat.
Champagne Charlie's had good drinks and ambiance. They also had several fun games.