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One of the greatest controversies in today's Golden Dawn community regards the true nature of the Secret Chiefs of the Golden Dawn's Third Order. On this question, there are primarily two camps. The order I lead, the Alpha Omega, knows the Secret Chiefs as a real, physical order in Continental Europe who are the source of origin of the original Golden Dawn. We know this to be true because even today they continuously provide the Golden Dawn community with vast quantities of supplemental, traditional Golden Dawn teachings and spiritual practices that go far beyond well known, published Golden Dawn material.
We have repeatedly made this primary source evidence available to the entire Golden Dawn community for inspection on numerous occasions (for example here and here). You can read testimonials from members of the Golden Dawn community who have actually inspected these teaching materials here. Thus continuing claims by leaders of other Golden Dawn orders that there is "no proof" of the physical existence of the Secret Chiefs today, boil down to mere political posturing.
On the other side of the question we have leaders of the SRIA and their agents in the Golden Dawn community. SRIA leaders are desperate to prevent the existence of the physical Secret Chiefs from becoming widely known and accepted in the Golden Dawn community, as this directly contradicts their own claim to themselves be the Third Order and source of origin of the Golden Dawn.
SRIA leaders (including SRIA Grand Archivist, Robert Gilbert) and their agents in the Golden Dawn community are by no means objective on this question, since the entire program of SRIA leadership to co opt and control the Golden Dawn stands or falls with the physical existence of the actual Secret Chiefs of the Golden Dawn's Third Order.
The primary exponents of the SRIA position on the Secret Chiefs are Robert Gilbert (SRIA Grand Archivist) and Nick Farrell. In service of the SRIA agenda, Nick Farrell argues that Mathers' Secret Chiefs were never physical people, but exclusively astral entities. To support this position, Farrell argues that Mathers thought that his primary contact with the Secret Chiefs, Frater Lux E Tenebris, was merely the archangel Raphael.
There are several problems with this thesis. First and foremost, the notion of the Secret Chiefs as "Inner Plane Contacts" and the notion of the Secret Chiefs as physical people are not mutually exclusive. Although Nick Farrell argues that his thesis disproves the physical existence of Mathers' Secret Chiefs, that is not the case at all.
The primary source evidence, which Sincerus Renatus presents in the article below, shows that Mathers claims to have been in contact with his Secret Chiefs both astrally and in person, and that the notion of the Secret Chiefs as physical persons was generally accepted by various Adepts even following the G.D. schism of 1903, including founders of rival Golden Dawn offshoot orders, A.E. Waite and R.W. Felkin, who counted among Mathers' greatest critics.
A second problem with Mr. Farrell's thesis arises due to Mr. Farrell's questionable research methods. This was recently made clear during the Internet discussion resumed below. In Farrell's biography of S.L. MacGregor Mathers in his Introduction to Commentaries on the Golden Dawn Flying Rolls, Farrell writes that Mathers "developed the Second Order and its teachings by Inner Plane communication with an entity Mathers believed was the archangel Raphael and used the magical name Lux e Tenebris."
As I have pointed out many times in the past, for example here, Farrell's entire thesis does not prove that Lux E Tenebris was not a real person, whose physical existence has been supported by peer reviewed academic scholarship now for years. I quote from page 159, "William Blake e William Butler Yeats," by Arianna Antonielli in the peer reviewed Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna (2009: Library of Studies in Modern Philology, Florence University Press, p. 159):
"Nel 1891, Mathers viene chiamato a Parigi da un emissario dei misteriosi Capi Segreti del terzo ordine, a lui noto soltanto come Frater Lux E Tenebris. Guardiano delle tradizioni misteriche dei Sumeri, dei Caldei e degli Egiziani, Frater Lux E Tenebris deposita nelle mani di Mathers le chiavi per accedere a quella sapienza antica e segreta. Una volta a Londra, Mathers ha tutto ciò di cui necessita per fondare, nel 1892, l'Ordine Interno o Secondo della Golden Dawn: una società prettamente rosacruciana chiamata infatti 'RR+AC', Roseae Rubeae et Aureae Crucis."
"In 1891, Mathers was called to Paris by a mysterious emissary of the Secret Chiefs of the Third Order, known to him only as Frater Lux E Tenebris. Guardian of the mystery traditions of the Sumerians, the Babylonians and Egyptians, Frater Lux E Tenebris deposited in Mathers' hands the keys to access this ancient and secret wisdom. Once in London, Mathers has everything he needs to found in 1892, the Inner or Second Order of the Golden Dawn a purely Rosicrucian society called the 'RR + AC ', Roseae Rubeae et Aureae Cross. "Nick Farrell replied:
"An article in Italian peer reviewed by Italians who know nothing about the Golden Dawn for example is pretty much a chocolate teapot when it comes to "proof" of an idea. A peer reviewed journal also is always trumped by a primary source."
-Nick Farrell
"For those who want to know the public source for the the primary document which says Raphael was LeT it was printed in the Golden Dawn Scrapbook by Bob Gilbert. I know people have difficulty reading and claim I have made this quote up but it is on pages 37-39."I am rather astonished by the gaping holes in Mr. Farrell's research methods dramatised in the above statement. First of all, Robert Gilbert, as Grand Archivist of the SRIA, represents one faction in this debate, and thus The Golden Dawn Scrapbook is by no means any sort of impartial or objective source. Moreover, Gilbert's Scrapbook has not been vetted by any sort of academic peer review. Scrapbook must therefore be considered as a suspect and unreliable secondary source.
- Nick Farrell
Let us move on to examine the alleged "reproduced primary source" in the picture below of p. 37 of Gilbert's unvetted text:
Thus we see how both Mr. Farrell's thesis as well as his research methods are fatally flawed. Even if Mr. Farrell were to be correct that in 1888 Mathers saw the Archangel Raphael as Frater Lux E Tenebris (a thesis Mr. Farrell has so far completely failed to support) there nonetheless remain quite substantial problems, as follow:
- Mathers (in primary sources) claimed to be in contact with the Secret Chiefs both astrally and physically, so the two notions are not in any way mutually exclusive.
- Even if Mathers saw Frater Lux E Tenebris as the Archangel Raphael in 1888, this is long before Mathers (in primary sources) claimed to have established physical contact with the Secret Chiefs in Paris in 1891.
- As will be documented by Frater Sincerus Renatus below, both Robert Felkin and A.E. Waite saw the Secret Chiefs very much as physical beings immediately following the 1903 schism.
[Mathers] announced to the most advanced adepts that he had himself made the Magical Link with the Secret Chiefs; and, at an interview with three of them in the Bois de Boulogne, had been confirmed in the supreme and sole authority as the Visible Head of the Order.With this said, I am pleased to introduce to you, Part I of Sincerus Renatus well researched study of of historical evidence On the True Nature of the Secret Chiefs.
- Aleister Crowley
It's not at all uncommon today to read about claims held by numerous occult organizations and fraternities that they possess a communication with "Secret Chiefs" of some sorts, or the Third Order even. Looking at the web page of Servants of the Light (S.O.L.), as an example, one can read about this said organization as a "fully contacted Mystery School". This of course means contacted by Secret Chiefs. Knowing the history of this Order and its origins in Dion Fortune's Society of the Inner Light, one easily can construe that this refers to "astral contacts" with some sort of "guides" or "guardians". I also know from an old member of both the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and a former high ranking member of S.O.L. (with personal communication with Dolores Aschcroft-Nowicki, the current leader of S.O.L.) that the highest teachings belonging to their "Third Grade" were solely being received by so called "channeled" sources, i.e. from an astral origin.
This is not an uncommon notion at all. Like I said, most occult societies claim this kind of inner plane contacts. Dion Fortune was a prominent psychic and claims to have received her own contacts with astral masters prior to her expulsion from the Rosicrucian Order of the Alpha et Omega (the legitimate continuation of the original Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn). She often used techniques common with spiritualism, i.e. putting herself into a passive state of receptivity, while guarded by her members in the place of working, and receiving channeled messages. The New Age community has been privy to this kind of practices and the New Age bookshelves are filled with channeled communications, one more fanciful than the other. Reading this kind of literature readily shows that mediums often fall into the trap of self-deception and self-delusion, common in nature to the so called "regression therapies".
These notions of astral or inner plane "contacts" actually stems from Theosophy, Blavatsky's eastern school of occultism, not Golden Dawn per se. There however seems to be some contradictions about the nature of "them", called Mahatmas ("Elder Brothers") by Blavatsky herself, of which she had contact with two bearing the names of Koot Hoomi and Morya. On one hand she claimed to have had communications with these Masters through written letters (of which some were preserved) but on the other in time the notion of "ascended masters" started to creep in. Alice Bailey claimed an inner contact which bears similar qualities to so called "automatic writing".
Many early Golden Dawn Adepts, including its Chiefs (i.e. S.L. MacGregor Mathers and William Wynn Westcott), were members of Blavatsky's Theosophical Society. Westcott and Mathers knew her personally. Dr. Robert Felkin and his wife, both leaders of the schismatic Stella Matutina, were both inspired by Theosophy and Alice Bailey. According to some scholars, for example Patrick J. Zalewski and Tony Fuller, this is evidenced in some of the written material of the later Stella Matutina Whare Ra Temple, as well as its oral teachings. It is also a fact that Felkin later, after the schism with MacGregor Mathers in 1900, claimed to have received an inner plane communication with the "Sun Masters" and a Third Order, but later also with a inner plane teacher called Ara Ben Shemesh. All this is reminiscent of the Mahatmas of Theosophy, which has nothing at all to do with how things originally were perceived in the Golden Dawn.
It should be noted right away that the Golden Dawn from its very inception in 1888 always has been very clear in its opinions about these kind of practices. This kind of passive mediumship is severely condemned as potentially dangerous for the human spirit. The Golden Dawn tradition has always scorned passive mediumship and idealized active seership as the only true alternative for a Magician. Reading the original application form of the Golden Dawn makes this position crystal clear:
The Chiefs of the Order do not care to accept as Candidates any persons accustomed to submit themselves as Mediums to the Experiments of Hypnotism, Mesmerism, or Spiritualism; or who habitually allow themselves to fall into a completely Passive condition of Will; also they disapprove of the methods made use of as a rule in such Experiments.
I will not suffer myself to be hypnotized, or mesmerized, nor will I place myself in such a passive state that any uninitiated person, power, or being may cause me to lose control of my thoughts, words or actions.
There has, though, been circulating a popular myth about the reception of the Second Order (R.R. et A.C.) material - ritual and curriculum - that S.L. MacGregor Mathers (who were the Chief of the Golden Dawn and the later Alpha et Omega) and his wife undertook to use these kind of methods, i.e. channeling. It is said that Moina Mathers sat in a passively state while her husband invoked the Secret Chiefs and held any dangerous forces at bay during these sessions. Reading the quotations above makes these myths nothing but urban legends of the occult community; I just cannot accept this as a fact. I will return to this couple later, looking at their communication with the Secret Chiefs from a completely different angle.
The Third Order corresponds to the Supernal Triad upon the Tree of Life glyph, i.e. the 8=3 Grade of Magister Templi (Master of the Temple) which corresponds to Binah on the Tree of Life, the 9=2 Grade of Magus (Magician) which corresponds to Chokmah, and lastly the 10=1 Grade of Ipsissimus (He who is most himself) which corresponds to the highest Sephirah Kether.
Paul F. Case states that those that have attained to these highest grades "are, in some instances disincarnate personalities awaiting favorable opportunity for entrance into incarnation". These sort of Secret Chiefs - reminiscent of the "ascended masters" theory of Theosophy - are not obligated to incarnate into physical life. They however often take physical appearance "whenever need arises for strong, illuminated, spiritual leadership of humanity". In this kind of "highly exalted" Third Order (also by Case called "Inner School") members doesn't necessarily enter life being born as children, according to Case, but instead are able to "clothe their higher bodies with physical matter" by sole will force. He however ends his descriptions saying that one has to understand that "not all members of the Third Order are persons whose normal habitat is the higher spiritual plane. The greater number are men and women who came into earth-life in the usual way, by physical birth". They, claims Case, are however able to "maintain physical existence for many years beyond the ordinary span of human life".
The personal story of P.F. Case and his "secret chief" of the Third Order - the Master R. - is quite a fascinating one to read. On one hand he claimed to have received "the Book of Tokens" from him through the ouija board (as well as some contents of his lessons) together with Michael Whitty (a high ranking Chief of the Alpha et Omega in U.S.A. in the early 1920's) but on the other hand he clearly states in his correspondence lessons of the B.O.T.A. that he later also met Master R. (which by some have been interpreted as Rococzy, i.e the Comte de Saint-Germain himself) in the flesh. According to The Adytum News the following took place:
One day the phone rang, and much to his surprise the same voice which had been inwardly instructing him in his researches for many years spoke to him on the phone. It was the Master R. who had come personally to New York for the purpose of preparing Paul Case to begin the next incarnation of the Qabalistic Way of Return. After three weeks of personal instruction with the Master R., Builders of the Adytum was formed.
Over time he was able to identify his source, at least this was what he believed, i.e. the Master R. We must however remember that Case were influenced by the theories of Alice Bailey (the head of the Theosophical Society) and that his wife Harriet Case were the secretary of Bailey. According to Tony DeLuce (the current preceptor of the Fraternity of the Hidden Light - a heir to the tradition of P.F. Case) Case probably were inspired by Bailey in believing his "mystery voice" to be Master R., as she were writing a book on the subject, antedating the New Age admiration of Comte de Saint-Germain and his channeled "messages". So here again we have the foreign notions from Theosophy obstructing the faculties of discrimination of the Golden Dawn Adepti. In his lessons Case often states that any student through meditation is able to receive a contact with this "inner school" on the inner planes, this body of highly advanced Adepts which he calls the "true and invisible Rosicrucian Order".
So now, having gone through the later derivatives of the Golden Dawn current, we are ready to seek out the prevailing opinions about the Third Order and its Secret Chiefs in the historical Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.
Dec. 15th 1906. Mathers sent 5=6 grade from France, obtained partly by his wife's clairvoyance.
February 19th 1910. SR [A.E. Waite] said that DDCF [MacGregor Mathers] had long since ceased to have any connection with 3rd order so his knowledge of no value.
June 10, 1910. DDCF claims to have 3rd order material but FR [Felkin] doesn't believe this, nor that DDCF has met 3rd order people in the flesh (whereas FR claims to have).
October 14th 1910. In Germany, FR met Fraulein Anna Sprengel, c 65, supposedly niece of original and a patient of FR (treated at a distance). FR thinks Anna Sprengel may be name used by different people not related for occult reasons (one at a time). QLs [Mrs. Felkin's] presence stopped FR meeting 3rd Order people. But he did, allegedly, meet some mysterious people.
News from 3rd order is: Old retired London clergyman belongs to conclave in question. FR has his name and address. Another name and address were given him, but he is to wait until approached by this person.
FR thought 3rd Order was magical which SR believed did not make far Divine Union.
December 12, 1910. T[eosophical] Soc[iety] people [in Amsterdam] & 3rd order object to SR revising rituals, because they feel nothing Rosicrucian should be printed (nor had been on their part). Original GD cipher In Brit.Mus. 5=6 ritual sent to DDCF by Belgian doctor at Liege. Order [i.e. "original" pre 1888 G.D.] now carried on under another name, unknown to FR. Woodford's mss including address of SDA [Anna Sprengel] were Ros. not GD; orig. GD had no German connection. 3rd order works Outer Temple in Germany on GD & Sephirotic lines. Thus SDA neither did nor could licence a temple. Story of how DDCF got 5=6 ritual told independently by DDCF to SA [W.W. Westcott] and by SA to FR.
December 23, 1910. FR affirms...German 3rd Order....have severed links with DDCF. Position is: DDCF alleges links with a 3rd Order but he lied; FR has succeeded in his links, but perhaps the two 3rd orders are not the same? SDA's grade of 7=4 should have been, on 1777 ritual basis. FR says there are several German external temples; the Second order begins with a ritual corresponding to 5=6, it has six steps or degrees. In 3rd Order is nothing beyond 8=3. The 5=6 used by DDCF is not correct. FR does not know how original GD people got cipher or how it came to be in B[ritish] M[useum]. They have no 2nd or 3rd order. 5=6 sent to DDCF by Dr. Thiessen of Liege who died in 1909.FR has heard From London 3rd Order person − meeting difficult, person lives in a "distant part of London". Now FR says DDCF not in original GD but SA was − if true, SA has lied to FR and SR. If FR has found original GD society in London then Amsterdam Theosophists are telling truth. No 3rd Order in America but in Germany at Nuremberg and somewhere near the source of Danube.
July 31, 1911. Now in Constantinople [Nevill Meakin] will get 1st degree of German Ros. initiation from the 3rd order at end of August. SA didn't know identity of "English clergyman" referred to before − suggested it may be Aryabartha; thus story seems to be apocryphal. FR trying to get written statement from his 3rd Order that DDCF was never connected with them − they hedge.
Sept.15, 1911. EOL [Meakin] at Grade corresponding to Tiphereth. System is ascent of Tree by Middle Pillar− Grades are Malkuth, Yesod and Tiphereth.
Following grades are Daath & Kether or (if direct line abandoned) Geburah & Chesed. The rituals have become more Masonic and are removing those things leading to lower Magia, thus paralleling changes made in England by SR. Due to the same pressures 3rd Order aim at reducing ritual. EOL has met Steiner & trusts him but says he veils things. There was a leakage in 1777. EOL told of old Passwords etc.
Addenda: They regard English order as derived from external Temple. DDCF had mss.
Sept. 25th 1911. German brotherhood does not wish for jurisdiction over English temples. Words "Rosy Cross" come from Rosa and Tau, which is Provencal for rose, or they were Ros−Taw, i.e. Dew of the Rose.
The one Head Lodge meets when required in various places. Inner Grade people start temples in various countries − numbers are largely German but also French, English, Danish, Austrian, Italian & Russian. ....third [degree] like Tiphereth using our implements, fourth something like Geburah apparently involved coming out of a tomb. They divide Annie Bessant's 33 degrees into 9 because 33 was a blunder for 3x3=9. EOL says...they have Zelator equal to Malkuth (he thinks) and Theoricus, Practicus & Philosophus are put together in No.2 as a portal to no.3 − all very muddled. Their promised teaching is a kind of marriage of occultism & Mysticism. 3rd grade has no vault but mise−en−scene provided astrally; ritual was in a small chamber but EOL was hoodwinked and moved about often so had no idea of size.
Sept.26, 1911. Germans say SDA story (i.e. Woodford & SA) true but will send no more warrants as they have been lost. They recognise I[sis]−U[rania] which is in FRs hands.
Nothing ever went from Germany to DDCF.
Since no connection between German brotherhood and Cipher mss. SDA had no power to warrant a Temple working non−German order degrees.
Oct 9, 1911. Conditions (preparation for Entrance) must be met before anyone can enter German Brotherhood. Four of FR's put up for entrance into German Br[oderhood]. Must join the single Head Lodge − no subscriptions mentioned. Meets twice a year, lately at Genoa soon at Prague.
October 12, 1911. The German Br.[others] has reps. in various countries who bring postulants to Head Lodge.
November 10 1911. German fraternity only 10 or 11 years old. Prob. connects with ancient organisations. as do English Temples. Has no early archives. The probationary practices produce equilibrium; Tattwas used in Germany but not (he thinks) Enochian system. Colour systems used. EOL sure that German 3rd degree is our 5=6 in some form. He spoke or the tomb (and thus 6=5) but may have meant the vault...
Germans have old...temporal passwords at solstices not Equinoxes. Fraternity connected with ES [Esoteric Section] of Theos.Soc. and thus with Co−masonry, but this unofficial. Members may be in both. Theos.[Soc.] connection has led to stressing of Eastern ideas, this now discouraged.
November 13, 1911. EOL....thinks....[Tarot attributions in German Order]....differ from ours. Fraternity called Rosy and Golden Cross; Steiner is a member but EOL doesn't agree with all he says. Word of the Order is Ros−Tau; sign similar to first part of Adeptus minor ritual of 1777. Their first degree has word alluding to Fire like 1777 word of Zelator and Fire pillar is shown. 2nd degree (water) shows water pillar, thus pillars are separated − which would be wrong in our symbolism. Death symbol, in 3rd degree, − how can this fit Tiphereth? But they may not use Sephirotic system. No alchemical activity. Last reformation was 1900 so Steiner may be behind it all.
November 24, 1911. FR agreed that Steiner prob. at the back, even poss. a Chief. FR agreed that Sephirotic system seemed absent. Germans have grades equal to 8=3 and 9=2 but not 10=1 (in 1777, still recog., 9 is Magus). Germans have 3 processes, each a triad with occult interpretation of Craft [i.e. Masonic] signs, attributions to centres in the body. Thus 3x3 (=9) processes, the 33 of Scottish Rite being a confusion of this.
December 14, 1911. Germans told FR that DDCF worked up ciphers and began GD with the Hermetic. Soc. Papus being a member.
April 26, 1912. Dr. Thiessen had supported SDA's action over GD, but FR doesn't know how he got in touch with DDCF.
June 11, 1912. FR brought letter from SA with copy of cipher letter from Liege adept to SA. Cipher was GD, signature was Lux ex Tenebris. Letter said SA shouldn't fear as DDCF was cut off from communication, no date or address but SA says he has dated envelope. SR said this went against German claim that DDCF had never had dealings with them. FR said Liege Doctor acted on his own. Letter dated about time of first split in GD.
August 1st, 1912. Germans also say....DDCF went to Paris, got mss. from Arsenal for 5=6 and worked it up with Vestigia by aid of clairvoyance. DDCF saw "Secret Symbols" in Arsenal. Thiessen gave DDCF only obligation upon the + 10. Thiessen allegedly wrote to DDCF first.
August 13, 1912. FR will try to find intermediary between Thiessen and DDCF − postmark on envelope to SA is Liege Station so could have been sent while passing through.
It is also interesting to note that the degrees of Steiner's group follows the Middle Pillar, i.e. 1st degree corresponding to Malkuth, 2nd to Yesod, 3rd to Tiphareth, and the rest following in ascending order from Geburah and onwards. This is reminiscent of how one modern group has synthesized the G.D. with the Misraïm Rite, i.e. Sam Robinson's Hermetic Order of the Nascent Dawn. Evidently Steiner's group were working with the Misraïm or Memphis-Misraïm system; we know that Steiner worked the system of O.T.O. at one time with the group called Mystica Aeterna based in Berlin. So, at one point in the history of Stella Matutina it almost merged with and nearly became a English branch of the German Memphis-Misraïm Rite. Fortunately enough, Steiner later founded the Anthroposophical Society and altogether left the O.T.O. in 1914. At that time, with Steiner distancing himself from occult ritualistic societies, Felikin started to again solely rely upon his astral contact Ara Ben Shemesh and seems to have dropped his vain search for the Third Order in the flesh. It is also reasonable to assume that Theosphical notions were inherited to Stella Matutina through Steiner. We know that Anthroposophy was integrated into some of the English Temples, prominently the long standing Hermes Temple. Personally i don't find this thought of a merge between the O.T.O. and the G.D. at all flattering.
Francis X. King gives a good account of Felkin's dealings with Steiner in his Ritual Magic in England, as does Ellic Howe in his The Magicians of the Golden Dawn. The curious reader may find more information in these works. It is well to remember that we are dealing here with a person (i.e. Felkin) who believes myths to be historical facts, even to the point of searching out the "actual" tomb (i.e. the "original" vault) of Christian Rosenkreutz. Felkin for a time even believed in the possibility of a second coming of Fra. C.R.C. (Christian Rosenkreutz), seemingly encouraged by Steiner.
There's no point in delving into the delusions of Felkin and machinations of Steiner any further, besides the fact that he (as did Paul Foster Case) regarded communication with the Secret Chiefs possible on both the inner and physical planes. Felkin also claimed to have been initiated at Germany in 1912 - into the equivalent of 8=3 and his wife into the equivalent of 7=4 Grades - something that Steiner himself always denied. Later the Stella Matutina made it possible for everyone to enter into the Third Order giving out the nominal grades of 8=3 and 9=2 even, i.e. effectively diluting the very meaning of a "Third Order". Felkin even developed a scheme of a fourth, fifth and sixth Order, the last one corresponding directly with Christian Rosenkreutz! Oh my!
And now we come to the point in our research when we finally must turn our attention to the connections between the Secret Chiefs and the original founders of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, i.e. William Wynn Westcott and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers. I will not however delve into the myth which Westcott created when he forged the mail correspondence with Freulein Sprengle (which became "Anna" Sprengle through Felkin's supposed contact with her "niece" - see quotations above - which happened to hold the name of Anna Sprengle), or Sapiens Dominabitur Astris. May I instead recommend reading The Magicians of the Golden Dawn by Ellic Howe, which gives a detailed account of Westcott's fraudulent behavior. The mythos that he created is however interesting as it shows the prevailing thoughts and notions about the nature of the Third Order in the Golden Dawn at that time; it was supposed to consist of a continental source of origin which operated groups of people or Temples even (i.e. Licht, Liebe, Leben No. 1) and surely enough had physical incarnated humans in their membership roll.
Soon MacGregor Mathers claimed his own contact with the Third Order through its envoy Lux ex Tenebris (Dr. Thiessen), which he received while at Paris in 1891. He was given the Adeptus Minor 5=6 Ritual, and the teachings which followed it, prior to his return back to England for the establishment of his new Second Order (R.R. et A.C.). While doing this he also immediately seized control over the entire Order. Would he'd been able to do this - i.e. usurping the throne of Westcott - had he not have substantial material to prove his claims? Not very likely. The rest is history. One year later MacGregor Mathers and his wife Moina moved to Paris to settle permanently, never to return to England. According to Moina in her preface to her husband's The Kabbalah Unveiled in July, 1926, they did this because "he was told by his Occult teachers to transfer his centre to Paris, where my husband and I lived for the rest of his life."
This action is a clear evidence of the fact that Mathers claimed a physical contact with the Third Order, the continental source of origin of the Golden Dawn. If the nature of Mathers communication were solely an inner or astral one, like Felkin's early contact with his Third Order and his "Sun Masters", he surely wouldn't have had to move to Paris to "come closer" to his teachers; on the inner the rules of time and space are different and clearly makes it redundant. However, in the wake of some uneasiness from certain London Theorici Adepti Minori Mathers felt compelled to send a manifesto, reestablishing his unquestioned authority over England. I will cite it in full as it mainly revolves around the Secret Chiefs and the qualities found in Mathers who finally were chosen to be its representative:
The Manifesto of G.H. Frater Deo Duce Comite Ferro 7° = 4°,Adeptus Exemptus, Chief Adept and Ambassador of those Secret and Unknown Magi who are the concealed Rulers of the Wisdom of the True Rosicrucian Magic of Light:UntoThe Theorici Adepti Minores of the Order R∴ R∴ et A∴ C∴Notice: This Manifesto is to be placed in the hands of each Theoricus Adeptus Minor upon his or her attainment of that Grade. After he or she has carefully read the same; he or she must send a written Statement of voluntary submission in all points regarding the Orders of the G∴D∴ in the Outer andthe R∴R∴ et A∴C∴ to G.H. Frater Deo Duce Comite Ferro before being permitted to receive any further instruction. Unless he or she is prepared to do this, he or she must either Resign from the Order, or elect to remain a Zelator Adeptus Minor only. And he or she hereby undertakes to refrain from stirring up any strife or schism hereon in the First and Second Orders.It is necessary that you who have now attained the Grade of Theoricus Adeptus Minor after having passed through the numerous examinations on the Secret Knowledge of the Zelator Adeptus Minor Grade of the Second Order should now understand how that wonderful system of Occult Wisdom has been obtained for you.Prior to the establishment of the Vault of the Adepts in Britannia (the First Order of the G∴D∴ in the Outer being therein actively working) it was found absolutely andimperatively necessary that there should be some eminent Member especially chosen to act as the link between the Secret Chiefs and the more external forms of the Order. It was requisite that such Member should be me, who, while having the necessary and peculiar educational basis of critical and profound Occult Archaeological Knowledge should at the same time not only be ready and willing to devote himself in every sense to a blind and unreasoning obedience to those Secret Chiefs: - to pledge himself for the fidelity of those to whom this Wisdom was to be communicated: - to be one who would shrink neither from danger physical, astral, or spiritual, from privation or hardship, nor from terrible personal and psychic responsibility; one who, while receiving for transmission the Hidden Wisdom of the Rosy Cross, should be willing to pledge himself under the severest penalties possible, that the Order should be worked in conformity with the principles laid down by those Secret Chiefs not only for the present time but in the future also: - and who should further possess an Iron Will unable to be broken by any unsought opposition that might arise in the carrying out of these duties: - he must further pledge himself to obey in everything the commands of the aforesaid Secret Chiefs'perinde ac cadaver' body and soul without question and without argument whether their commands related to: - Magical Action in the External World; or to Psychic Action in other Worlds or planes, whether Angelic, Spiritual, or Demonic; or to the Inner Administration of the Order to which so tremendous a Knowledge was to be communicated; and that he must further be prepared to abide in any country; to undertake any journey at a moment's notice, or to confront the chances of death, pestilence or elemental upheaval, if called upon in the course of fulfilling their demands to do so; that he would further undertake, whatever might occur, never to lose faith in the Chiefs of the Order, and to keep his body in such a condition of physical health and especially of vital energy, that the ordinary chances of corporal illness and exhaustion should not be permitted to become any bar to his constant efforts and exertions: - all this and yet further conditions were insisted upon as the only pledges under which this Divine Wisdom was to be permitted to be given out: - and these had to be confirmed by the most terribleObligations.I, MacGregor Mathers, 'S Rioghail Mo Dhream 5 ° = 6°, Deo Duce Comite Ferro 7° = 4°, was the Frater selected for this Work: whom you know as the Chief Adept of the Second Order under the title of Deo Duce Comite Ferro which I had taken upon me.At my urgent request Soror Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum [i.e. Moina Mathers] was allowed to be associated with me in this labour, but only on condition of pledging herself in the same manner, though in a less degree.With all this it was insisted that I, the aforesaid Frater, and in a less degree the aforesaid Soror were to be held responsible for any action undertaken thro' misapprehension of the instructions of the Chiefs, no matter in what manner those Instructions were to be conveyed.That yet further it must not be expected that these pledgesshould confer upon me any right to expect abnormal material support or assistance. The conditions in question, being only those on which I was to be allowed so great an honour as to be the Recipient of the Knowledge for transmission to the Order; and also that in all this my obedience was not to be the passive one of an unreasoning Machine, but the active one of the intelligent and voluntary Ministrant of the Magic of the Eternal Gods.These preliminary conditions having been solemnly undertaken by us; then, and only then was I able to proceed to the attainment of the Knowledge of the full 5° = 6° Ritual and of the Obligation thereof; and the establishment of the Vault of the Adepts; my quitting England being a necessary preliminary thereto.The working of the Second Order having been thus initiated I was enabled to proceed to the acquirement of the Wisdom of the Zelator Adeptus Minor Grade for transmission to you: - a work, the enormous strain and labour of which it is impossible for me to exaggerate. For, you must not think that the obtaining of this Knowledge of the Second Order for you has been merely and simply the somewhat commonplace labour of translating a heap of unclassified MSS ready placed in my hands for that purpose. This might indeed be difficult and fatiguing, but it would be the merest child's play compared with the Herculean task that I have been called upon to execute.Concerning the Secret Chiefs of the Order, to whom I make reference and from whom I have received the Wisdom of the Second Order which I have communicated to you, I can tell you nothing.I do not even know their earthly names.I know them only by certain secret mottoes.I have but very rarely seen them in the physical body; and on such rare occasions the rendezvous was made astrally by them at the time and place which had been astrally appointed beforehand.For my part I believe them to be human and living upon this earth; but possessing terrible superhuman powers.When such rendezvous has been in a much frequented place, there has been nothing in their personal appearance and dress to mark them out as differing in any way from ordinary people except the appearance and sensation of transcendent health and physical vigour (whether they seemed persons in youth or age) which was their invariable accompaniment; in other words, the physical appearance which the possession of the Elixir of Life has traditionally supposed to confer!
On the other hand, when the rendezvous has been in a place free from easy access by the Outer World they have usually been in symbolic robes and insignia.But my physical intercourse with them on these rare occasions, has shewn me how difficult it is for a mortal, even though advanced in Occultism, to support the actual presence of an Adept in the Physical Body; and such meetings have never been granted to my own personal request, but only by their own special appointment; and usually only for some reason of special importance.I do not mean that in such rare cases of physical converse with them that the effect produced on me was that intense physical exhaustion which follows depletion by magnetism; but, on the contrary, the sensation was that of being in contact with so terrible a force that I can only compare it to the continued effect of that usually experienced momentarily by a person close to whom a flash of lightning passes during a violent storm; coupled with a difficulty in respiration similar to the half-strangling effect produced by ether; and if such was the result produced in one, as tested as I have been in practical Occult Work, I cannot conceive a much less advanced Initiate being able to support such a strain even for five minutes, without Death ensuing.Almost the whole of the Second Order Knowledge has been obtained by me from them in various ways; by clairvoyance, by Astral projection on their part and on mine-by the table, by the ring and disc, at times by a direct Voice audible to my external ear, and that of Vestigia, at times copied from books brought before me, I know not how, and which disappeared from my vision when the transcription was finished, at times by appointment Astrally at a certain place, till then unknown to me; and appointments made in the same manner and kept in the same manner as in the case of those rare occasions when I have met them by appointment in the physical body.The strain of such labour has been, as you can conceive, enormous; in especial the obtaining of the Z ritual, which I thought would have killed me, or Vestigia or both, the nerve prostration after each reception being terrible from the strain of testing the correctness of every passage thus communicated; the nerve prostration alluded to being at times accompanied by profuse cold perspiration; and by severe loss of blood from the nose, mouth, and occasionally the ears.You know the extreme and sustained attention and critical judgment requisite to obtain any reliable and truthful answer through the Table or the Ring and the Disc. Add to all this Ceremonies of Evocation, almost constant strife with opposing Demonic Forces endeavouring to stop the delivery and reception of the Wisdom; and the necessity of keeping the mind exalted towards the Higher Self; while at the same time exercising the critical Archaeological Knowledge and having to make the many references necessary to detect any misapprehension of meanings of passages in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldaic, Egyptian and what not; and you will only then have a faint idea of what my struggles have been. The only one among you who has known the fearful difficulties I have had to contend with, has been Sapere Aude [Westcott] and he has therefore well known that such work could not be done in a hurry and rapidly like mere mechanical transcription, or even like ordinary original composition.But unless the Chiefs are willing to give me the Knowledge, I cannot obtain it for you: - neither will I give it to you unless I know that the Order is being worked conformably with their wishes and instructions.What I discountenance and will check and punish whenever I find it in the Order is any attempt to criticise and interfere with the private life of Members of the Order; neither will I give the Wisdom of the Gods to those who endeavour to use itas a means of justifying intolerance, inter meddling, and malicious self conceit. The private Life of a Person is a matter between himself or herself, and his, or her God; and no person who has taken the obligation of 5° = 6°, and studied the same can be ignorant of its clauses and penalties.The Temples of the Order are places for the performance of Sacred Ceremonies, and the petty criticisms and uncharitableness of social clubs and drawing rooms, should be rigidly banished from them. To invoke carelessly and inadequately the Divine White Brilliance and the Forms of the Eternal Gods while permitting your mind and lower personality to be filled with uncharitableness; towards your neighbour, self righteous pride, and trivial social considerations, is an abominable blasphemy; it is that taking the Name of God in vain which is a most pernicious sin; for by so doing you cannot touch the God, but instead and in his semblance arouse the Evil Antithesis.This, I know, has been a sin among you during the last twelve months; and be sure that this must bring its reaction; and there is no surer road to this error than the encouragement of the feeling of the Pharisee: 'God, I thank thee that I am not as other men are'. Such a formula, whether expressed or implied, means at once separation from that God who is universal.Of what use are the Second Order Centres, if they are not places where the Gods and the Angelic Forces are invoked in Spirit and Truth; and where Mystic Powers have their abode, and where petty social gossip can find no place.It is possible for you to be word perfect in all the knowledge of the Zelator Adeptus Minor Grade and to know all its Ceremonies by rote; and yet unless you can really andprofoundly grasp their inner meaning, an uninitiated person who has a strong will, faith, reverence, self sacrifice, and perseverance, may be more truly a Magician than you.Finally, the reading of this Manifesto will have made you comprehend the enormous amount of time and energy necessary to obtain the Wisdom of the Second Order. To this must be added the considerable amount of labour connected with the Order - my own work in the outer world - and with all this the imperative necessity of keeping my physical health and vital energy always up to full pitch; and at times having had the extra disadvantage of being compelled to earn my own living in the world.I therefore expect you to aid me to the best of your ability by carrying out my wishes regarding the management of the Order and by abstaining to the utmost of your power from putting any extra hindrance in my way.I have considered it advisable that you should have both had in your possession and carefully studied the whole knowledge of the Zelator Adeptus Minor Grade before receiving this Manifesto.S. L. MacGregor Mathers. 'S Rioghail Mo Dhream
Deo Duce Comite Ferro 7° = 4°
87 Rue Mozart, Auteuil, Paris
October 29th, 1896


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In August 2007 & 2008, Wychwood went to The Battle of Camlann.
The Battle of Camlann ("Arthur's Last Battle") is a multi-group re-enactment event held every year at Tintagel in Cornwall (the place where King Arthur was conceived according to some stories). Around 300 fighters attend.
It's very different from shows like Hastings. Most places care lots about historical accuracy and that sort of thing. Tintagel doesn't. Tintagel is close to LARP, in that the only thing that matters is looking cool. There's a vague dress code ("Don't wear too much armour in the Dark Age battle- don't use odd-shaped shields in the Middle Ages battle") but that's it.
It's also far more informal about registration and that sort of thing. Hastings had a complex bureaucracy with registration cards and kit checks and fight checks. Tintagel didn't.
- Emily's pics of the battle
- More of Emily's pics
- Ingaborg's pics
- Beornwulf in a tournament
- Videos of Beornwulf fighting & Godfrid wenching
Practical Stuff
Wychwood had 6 people and hired a 9 seater mini-minibus. This worked out at about £50 per head. It would have been fine fitting 7 people, but hard to fit many more.
The drive from Oxford to Tintagel took around 5 hours plus stops. This was Epic.
Tents are better if they have porches. A 2 man tent without a porch can not fit 2 men.
Wychwood was joined by two local DAS members, who were fun to fight alongside and very useful in the battle!
A Day At Tintagel
The Saturday and Sunday at Tintagel are identical, and are basically split into 3 sections:
Parade and Tourney
Officers' Meeting is about 9.30. They discuss the timetable for the day, and tell you not to let your dog poo.
Then there's a break, which we used on Sunday to strip our camp.
The first main event (at around 11) is the parade through town, when everyone goes to the end of the village and then marches back through it. This encourages members of the public to come down to the main site. Takes about an hour.
Don't wear all your heaviest stuff unless you're Beornwulf so MAD.
When the public arrive, there is a semi-full contact tournament. This is where people dressed in lots of armour get to hit each other as hard as they like and wherever they like, rather than sticking to the normal rules of re-enactment combat.
There are photos of Beornwulf in the Sunday Tournament in 2007 here, and a video of the same fight here. Manny and Dave have also fought in it.
Medieval Battle
Part Two is the medieval battle at about 2pm. See our photos here and here.
In this battle people wore all their plate mail, and tabards and stuff. But you can easily get away with wearing standard Wychwood kit, no-one really minded.
It was a damn fun clash, with probably about 300 people in total. So nothing compared to Hastings in 2006, but big enough that you don't know what's happening on the other end of the battle line.
Battle Script
The basic script was:
Arthur & army enters. Lots of cheering.
Mordred & army enters. Booing.
The kings meet in the middle, argue.
1st clash, where you didn't have to die if hit.
Fights of champions, half a dozen guys from each side meeting in the middle and scrapping in single combat (several Wychwood & DAS people have done these, including Beornwulf).
2nd clash, same as the 1st.
Another champions.
3rd clash, where people start to die and the line collapses and descends into skirmishes. At the end survivors rally around Arthur for his final stand.
Dark Ages Battle
Then there were random things happening (archery, falconry, that sort of thing), building up to the second battle, the Dark Ages Battle. Costumes weren't actually all that much different: people just left off their plate and tabards. There was a bit more leather, fur, woad and tartan as well.
This was obviously prime Wychwood era, so our kit was perfect.
Battle Script
The fight was a bit more complex:
Mordred enters. Boo.
Arthur & Bedevere (Arthur's Right Flank) enter. Cheer.
Kings in middle, argue.
Mordred brings out archers. Bedevere's flank advance, forming two-level shield walls before a volley of arrows. Then charge the archers, chase them off field, return to Arthur's line.
1st clash, no deaths.
2nd clash, no deaths.
Arthur and Bedevere argue. Bedevere takes his flank and leaves.
3rd clash, with deaths. Outnumbered, Arthur starts to loose. But then Bedevere returns, big fight, skirmishes.
Wychwood has been in the archer-shield wall clash in 2007 and 2008. In 2007, the shield-wall advanced several times, with single volleys each time. In 2008, there was a whole bunch of volleys fired almost instantaneously. This is bad, and Wychwood was expecting a single volley and had started the advance. Grr.
Other Stuff
Lots of other fun stuff happened. There was a market to buy shiny things and cloth at, a beer tent with very buxom serving wenches that bunni got rather too friendly with (see the second video here), bunni's Little Bro turned up and acted as his page all Saturday 2007, the beer tent sold mead and was cheaper for re-enactors, and generally lots of fun was had by all.

subset: commoncrawl


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In October 2013, I went to Barcelona, Spain for five weeks. I had received a Cultural Exchange International grant from the City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs to work with the University of Barcelona and conduct three-point field recordings of various interiors of buildings designed by Antoni Gaudi. In addition to these recording sessions, I videotaped, for field recording purposes, all over the city. This is a collection of the most interesting sounds I collected.
--Alan Nakagawa


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Obama: Education reform key to helping middle class
In his weekly address, President Obama lays out his plan to ensure more children graduate from school fully prepared for college and a career. Rough Cut (no reporter narration).
ROUGH CUT (NO REPORTER NARRATION) President Barack Obama says it's time to focus on education reform and helping kids prepare for the future. In his weekly address, Obama laid out his plan to ensure more children graduate from school fully prepared for college and a career. "We have to equip all our kids with an education that prepares them for success, regardless of what they look like, or how much their parents make, or the zip code they live in," Obama said. The president says he wants to pass a smarter education law that ensures progress is being made by every student. "This year, I want to work with both parties in Congress to replace No Child Left Behind with a smarter law that addresses the overuse of standardized tests, makes a real investment in preschool, and gives every kid a fair shot in the new economy," Obama said.


text: I know this has been addressed in detail on the Interchange web site. I still have a question about using Interchange with cPanel. I want to install Interchange on a web site that uses cPanel. However, I plan to use ssh to do the install. I will not be using cPanel even though it is installed on the site. From what I have read on the Interchange site, this should be OK. But I wasn't sure if there would be some system interaction between Interchange and cPanel even if I am not using cPanel to do the install. Am I correct that I can install Interchange using ssh and not have a problem with it interacting with cPanel? Thanks for your assistance, Carl.


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As a sponsor of THAI, you support the only organization of its kind. You help to dignify and elevate traditional Thai massage throughout the world, and project a unified voice for safe and effective practice of Thai healing arts. Thai Healing Alliance is a non-profit organization, and your contribution may be tax-deductible. Any donation you make is acknowledged upon receipt, and a receipt for tax purposes is sent to you immediately. All THAI workers are volunteers, and no one receives a salary of any kind. Nevertheless, money is needed to support educational programs in Thai healing arts, to distribute printed information around the world, to expand the THAI online archives, and pay website and office expenses. To thank you for your tax-deductible donation, you may choose from a number of special gifts and premiums, and your personal name or business is listed on the THAI letterhead, on the web site, and in THAI e-newsletters. Plus think of all the good karma you will be generating for yourself and others!
To view photos of several gifts for Sponsors click here
THAI Sponsor levels and benefits
There are four levels of sponsorship, each with corresponding premiums. After receipt of your donation, you will be contacted to ask about your gift choices before they are shipped to you. Prices below are in US dollars, or the equivalent in other currencies.
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After you make a donation, you will be contacted to choose your gifts so they can be shipped to you.
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text:
Monday 24th August 2009
Women throughout Ireland are being urged to vote Yes in the Lisbon Treaty Referendum on October 2nd in order to protect their rights and the rights of their children.
Dungarvan native Michelle O'Donnell Keating and co-founder of the campaign group Women for Europe says "Women's lives have improved dramatically since our entry to the EEC in 1973. For example, it was European laws which finally ensured Irish women were given equal pay to their male co-workers. This treaty reinforces the principle of equality by including it amongst the values and objectives of the Union (Article 2 and 3)".
"We believe this Treaty will continue to improve women's lives. For example, it copper-fastens women's right to maternity leave. Article 33 (2), of the Charter, states that all women will have the right to paid maternity leave and also states that both mothers and fathers should have the right to parental leave following the birth or adoption of a child.
"This is very important, particularly when so many of our social welfare entitlements are coming under pressure to be cut in order to reduce government spending. Women, particularly those who parent alone, are more likely to experience poverty and disadvantage. The Treaty also makes provision for measures that provide for a social chapter which will improve the lives of these women and their families" (Title X).
Michelle O'Donnell Keating also points out that while Ireland is still debating whether to hold a referendum on children's rights, the Lisbon Treaty includes the protection of children's rights among the European Union's values and objectives for its internal and external policies. "This is the first time that children's rights will be protected in this way and again shows how our membership of the European Union provides greater protection to Irish citizens than might otherwise be the case."
"Many of the issues which concerned women in last year's treaty have been clarified and "there should be no doubt in the minds of women that voting 'Yes' will impact positively on their lives".
"The genuine concerns of many women relating to neutrality, our commissioner and other issues were listened to by our European partners and their willingness to put in place guarantees and protocols highlights their desire that Ireland remains at the heart of Europe", she says.
"There is nothing to fear from this Treaty. Its sole purpose is to make Europe work more efficiently and more transparently. I urge women throughout Ireland to familiarise themselves with the Treaty before voting on October 2nd. A guide for women to the Lisbon Treaty is available at www.womenforeurope.ie and is also available direct from our office by phoning 01 605 1727


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A couple years ago on this blog, after exploring a number of ways of classifying world philosophical traditions cross-culturally, I found the most robust and satisfying to be a 2×2 grid: we may classify philosophies as intimacy or integrity, and we may classify them as ascent or descent. (Methodologically, I find it best to treat each of these four as an ideal type.)
What I didn't do was spell out with much care what each of these terms really meant. Last fall I tried to articulate more precisely what I meant by intimacy and integrity, and am currently in the process of writing an article on the topic. But what about ascent and descent? Continue reading


text:
Hodank.com creates one-stop webpages for specialized interests.
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text:
John Campbell
- The Kitchener Enigma by Trevor Royle
Joseph, 436 pp, £15.00, September 1985, ISBN 0 7181 2385 9
- Kitchener: The Man behind the Legend by Philip Warner
Hamish Hamilton, 247 pp, £12.95, August 1985, ISBN 0 241 11587 6
Who was it who said that the thousandth biography of Napoleon will sell more than the first of any 'neglected' second-ranking figure, however significant? Whoever it was, it remains depressingly true, and here are two more biographies of Kitchener – Britain's closest approach to Napoleon in terms of popular acclaim, though not in military genius – to prove that publishers still believe it. Kitchener has never lacked biographies, either in his lifetime or since his death. The last, by the Canadian George Cassar, appeared as recently as 1977. Before that there was Philip Magnus's in 1958 and one by General Ballard in 1930, in addition to the three-volume official life published by his former private secretary, Sir George Arthur, in 1920, a host of shorter studies and several investigations into the circumstances of his death. The present offerings add remarkably little to the body of knowledge about Kitchener already available. Philip Warner's is little more than an opinionated sketch, chatty, anecdotal, unsubstantiated and frequently inaccurate. Trevor Royle's is an altogether more serious book, a thorough, workmanlike biography which must surely have assembled the last possible jot of evidence on the sinking of the Hampshire. Both authors, however, feel it necessary to present their portraits as the solution to an unsolved biographical mystery.
Today – as for the past fifty years – Kitchener's legend rests on two images: the famous 1914 recruiting poster 'Your Country Needs YOU,' which became a jokey icon of the Swinging Sixties, and his death at sea in the SS Hampshire off Orkney in 1916. The enduring picture here is of Kitchener standing bolt upright, still saluting, as the waters close around him and his hat floats away, like the admiral in Kind Hearts and Coronets. A premature death is, of course, the making of a good legend. Kitchener's death registered itself in the patriotic mind as a tableau to rank with Nelson expiring in Hardy's arms at Trafalgar or Gordon's last stand on the Residency steps in Khartoum. This sort of biscuit-tin iconography cannot be written off as trivial: it is the stuff of immortality.
Kitchener was a legend to his contemporaries before he became either a great poster or a martyr. That was why he was made Secretary of State for War in 1914. This legend, like the posthumous one, had two components. The first was the fact that over the previous thirty years he had contrived to serve conspicuously in all the most newsworthy troublespots of the Empire – Egypt and the Sudan, and India, and South Africa, with Australia briefly thrown in. This made him the outstanding symbol of the worldwide extent of the Empire. The second was his conduct in these places and the image he projected: remote, righteous and ruthless in the exercise of a stern Imperial duty. This made him the archetype of the style of the British Empire, governing inferior peoples firmly for their own good. Put these two together and by 1914 Kitchener practically was the Empire. But his eminence owed less to any outstanding military gifts than to the most shameless self-promotion. That unparalleled exhibitionist Sir Gerald Nabarro once said that without his moustache he might be mistaken for a nobody like Harold Wilson; behind his formidable moustache and haughty stare Kitchener was as scheming and ambitious a self-publicist as ever wore uniform. That poster was his apogee: it might as accurately have been captioned 'Your Country Needs ME.'
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Vol. 7 No. 22 · 19 December 1985 » John Campbell » Triumphalism
pages 13-14 | 2793 words


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The "SOLSTICE STAR MAP" is a 15" x 15" 4 color (metallic gold, metallic silver, scarlet, and grey) screen-print, masterfully executed by our allies at Little Monster Printing. Limited in quantity to 50, hand-signed and numbered by Andrew.
Shipped in a 100% recycled mailing tube.
SOLSTICE STAR MAP features constellations visible in the night sky on the Winter Solstice. The composition and symbols were influenced by sacred geometric principles and forms. Created using pen and ink, and digital manipulation in 2012.


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I've been experimenting with FM, and the hardest thing to get right tends to be the hand-wound coils. So to get a baseline, I picked up a 1-transistor kit during a recent visit to Sim Lim Tower.
As always, all notes, schematics and code are in the Little Electronics & Arduino Projects repo on GitHub.


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Monday, January 21, 2013
Menu Plan Monday, Jan. 21, 2013
Happy Monday!
I'm sharing my menu plan for this week.
Monday- Curried Red Lentil Soup
Tuesday- Slow Cooker {Veggie-Full} Spaghetti , salad, and The Bread
Wednesday- leftovers
Thursday- Chicken and Black Bean Casserole and salad
Friday- takeout
Sunday- dinner with friends
Something special for dessert! No Bake Peanut Butter Cookies. I'll use Rice Krispies instead of Special K cereal. Saw this on Pinterest and it looks delicious!
The soup and slow cooker spaghetti are new for us this week. The casserole is a favorite.
Are you trying anything new or sticking with old favorites?
Have a great week!
xoxo Elizabeth
I'm linking up with Menu Plan Monday! Come join me!
8 comments:
Good Monday morning, Elizabeth...your week looks great...thanks for the cookie link! I am having old favorites this week. I did try a new Pinterest recipe recently...taco pizza and it was a hit!ReplyDeleteReplies
Hi Billie Jo! Old favorites are always good! Taco pizza sounds great! Hope you have a wonderful week!Delete
I want to try "The Bread" for the title alone! I'm trying some new recipes. Maybe they will make it to the blog :)ReplyDelete
Amy, I saw the recipe on Pinterest... The name got me, too! Can't wait to try it!ReplyDelete
Oh my goodness Elizabeth that bread looks and sounds delicious and so, so simple...must try this!! I hope you are having a great week? How was K after last Friday? Jane xxReplyDeleteReplies
Jane, She bounced out of school with a big smile on her face! Thank you for checking on her! The Bread looks so good! Our menu has been switched around a bit, so I am making it this weekend!Delete
I am so glad everything was fine that's great to hear! I will be buying french bread and trying this myself. I have not been eating bread but am allowing myself some at weekends so this will be perfect!! Jane xxDelete
You need to treat yourself sometimes, too! But I am proud of you for sticking with it!Delete
Thanks for taking time to say hello! Instead of sending emails, I always leave replies in the comment section. So if you have a question, check back here for the answer:)
It may take a moment for your comment to appear on the blog.


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Thursday, August 21, 2008
The Duchess of Windsor
Do I not look regal? This is my favorite picture from my trip to Vietnam, though I was quite reluctant to take it. The motorbike taxi guy who had been taking me around that day to see the Marble Mountains and Da Nang insisted we stop by the old American base with its hangars still standing to take a picture. Apparently, most tourists are eager for this shot, but it seemed a little distasteful to me. Reliving America's involvement in another country's affairs was not my priority there. I have to say, though, I'm glad he insisted because it is an awesome shot, especially with the green helmet and big sunglasses.
I'm also partial to this shot of the Hong Kong skyline in the same dress, with shrug. The sun never came out while I was in Hong Kong (and precious little while in Vietnam); I was told there were storms fairly close by but it seemed like pollution to me. So I fade into the background a bit in my blues and grays, but the French girl who took it ("Entiere?" she asked, "Oui," I said) really did an excellent job framing the shot. Here is a girl who understands that you want the whole outfit in the picture, not just your face!
The pattern review is finally up for this project from March (BWOF 03-2008-116)!
5 comments:
- Little Hunting Creek said...
Does this mean everyone should call you "your Grace" from now on? or just plain Duchess?
Love the dress and it goes great with the helmet and sunglasses.
- August 21, 2008 at 4:50 PM
- AllisonC said...
Your hangar picture kind of reminds me of Penelope Pitstop (not meant as an insult at all!). Lovely dress, goes surprisingly well with the helmet! The HK skyline looks like that today too but with a lot more wind as we have a typhoon warning up and a day off work to sew. Yippee.
- August 21, 2008 at 8:04 PM
- rosanne said...
I love the look!!!!!And that photo is plain genius. Did you have to make any adjustments to the back? i'm so leary (er, scared) of sway back adjustments lately that I have too many UFOs... :<
- August 21, 2008 at 9:45 PM
- Sue said...
I enjoyed your review on PR. I have also been to Hong Kong recently and the sky was like that the whole time - went on a tour to see the view from the 'The peak' - what view? Great place to visit though!
- August 22, 2008 at 6:23 AM
This photo is a keeper. I love the lightness of the dress-- the sleeves just blow in the wind. cindy
- August 22, 2008 at 10:41 AM


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How cool is this!
'Amplified' is the Arkansas home of musician Asha Mevlana, who performs with the Trans-Siberian Orchestra.
Plug instruments into the portable trailer and sound comes out through the front marine speakers. The wooden deck that connects the two volumes can be used as a performance stage too.


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The East is surely not a beast compared to the other regions, but the presence of two of the nation's best teams – one being the season's most consistent and the other being the hottest – makes the upper left portion of the bracket formidable.
The issue with the East region is its strength after the top two seeds. The next three highest seeds – Baylor, Florida and Virginia – look ready for the taking. They all started the season strong, accumulating impressive metrics, only to falter mightily down the stretch.
Best First Round Match-Up
(9) Virginia Tech vs. (8) Wisconsin
The 8/9 games are often the most compelling of the first round games because they obviously match up teams of similar strengths against each other. This game definitely fits that description. The Badgers were grossly under seeded, despite a disappointing second half of the season. However, Wisconsin is a senior-laden team with players such as Bronson Koenig and Nigel Hayes, who have been here before (Sweet 16 last season) and are led by Big Ten Player of the Year contender in Ethan Happ.
Virginia Tech is formidable in their own right. The Hokies, led by one of the best coaches in the business, in Buzz Williams, finished 10-8 in the vaunted ACC, including wins over the likes of Virginia, Miami and Wake Forest towards the end of the regular season. Look for this game to be a close, physical and mental battle, with the winner having a solid chance to upend Villanova in the next round.
Best Potential Upset
(13) East Tennessee State over (4) Florida
This pick is as much about Florida's vulnerability as it is about ETSU's upside, though that exists as well. ETSU is long and athletic, led by guard T.J. Cromer's 19 points per game. The Buccaneers won nine of their last ten games in the solid Southern conference and won at Mississippi State and suffered a close loss to Tennessee earlier in the season.
Florida has lost three of their last four games and don't have many big wins on their resume. It could be argued that the Gators got fat off of mediocre SEC competition.
Best Player vs. Player Matchup
Wisconsin's Nigel Hayes vs. Virginia Tech's Zach LeDay
This forward matchup is a clash of team leaders, who each have to have big games in order for their respective teams to prevail. LeDay has had a great season for the Hokies, scoring 16 points per game and hauling in 7.4 rebounds per contest. Hayes has been somewhat disappointing this season, but is still averaging 13.5ppg, 6.5rpg and 2.8apg and is capable of even more.
Sleeper Team That Could Bust Your Bracket
If this sounds like a theme, it is. The committee did top-seeded Villanova no favors by seeding the Badgers as an 8, despite a solid showing in the Big Ten this season and all kinds of tournament experience on their roster. This is not a prediction that Villanova will lose in the second round, but they could, and regardless, such a matchup would not have a second round feel to it.
Most Vulnerable High Seed (1-4)
4-seed Florida has been discussed, but 3-seed Baylor and 5-seed Virginia look vulnerable, as well. Baylor was considered a top seed by the selection committee back in February, but has since fallen on tough times. The Bears are 3-4 in their last seven games and 5-6 in their last 11 games. Virginia lost 6 of 8 games in the meat of their schedule in February, including four straight, before seemingly straightening things out at the end of the season. All three of these schools look ripe for the taking if a lower seeded team comes to play.
The post March Madness 2017: Previewing the East Region First and Second Rounds appeared first on CollegeHoopsDaily.
Source: CollegeHoops


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Shawn Ryan isn't ready to part ways with island paradise just yet. The Shield showrunner has partnered with Shameless writer Davey Holmes on a pilot for Fox that also has Fast & Furious and Better Luck Tomorrow director Justin Lin attached. Set in Hawaii—where Ryan's previous series Last Resort was also filmed—the series is set in 1957, two years before the territory officially became the 50th state. It follows a "small-time Hawaiian hustler" who seeks vengeance on "the most powerful man on the island" for his brother's murder.
Ryan and Holmes worked together previously on The Chicago Code, one of the many one-season wonders Ryan has collected at various networks ever since The Shield ended. It's also not the only iron he currently has in the fire, with the miniseries Mad Dogs at FX and a mining town drama at HBO to take his mind off that Beverly Hills Cop series not getting picked up. But television is always better when Shawn Ryan is adding something to the conversation, and surely one of these new projects has to catch on at some point, like it did for Bryan Fuller on Hannibal.


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Get Involved
Chemists Without Borders invites you to join our nonprofit humanitarian organization as an active or passive volunteer, to participate in a local chapter, or to partner with us.
We strive to develop social enterprise leaders as well as enhance life experiences among volunteers and the public. Together, we will grow in knowledge and expertise to improve living and working conditions around the world. There are 660+ volunteers in over 52 countries; join us and add value to our global organization.
We value your knowledge, expertise and moral support. We would also greatly appreciate any donation you might be able to make. Although none of what we hope to do is without cost, we have no paid staff. Even as little as the cost of a cup of coffee would help fund our projects.
About Volunteering
Chemists Without Borders can always use some help. Whether you have a few hours each week, a few days each year or are able to devote considerably more time (up to 20 hours each week), we can use your help.
None of our staff or volunteers is paid; each of our positions is a volunteer position, that includes our officers, directors and project managers and everyone else. We may be able to cover some expenses. Our volunteers usually work from their home or place of business. We trust that all volunteers believe in our mission, are willing to commit to the cause and most importantly add value to the organization.
What could I do?
If you have a little time
- Find interesting and relevant news, scientific, or other items and add it to our blog and Facebook page. Teach us all about your interests.
- Organize an informal get-together (face-to-face or virtual) with others.
- Think about projects that "someone" should do. Get the ball rolling by talking to an officer.
- Write one article for the newsletter.
If you have a block of time
- Contact a project manager to see if they could use your concerted efforts for a few days. For example, help with editing the lab manual for Sierra Leone.
- Develop a public outreach demonstration that could be used in a school.
If you can expend considerable effort
- Think about offering to participate on a project.
- Become an officer's assistant.
- Consider taking on the position of Board Director, Chief Operating Officer, or Project Manager. These positions require someone with considerable expertise. Contact a current officer for more information.
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- A fund-raising effort
- Initiate a discussion to develop a major project.
How do I proceed?
- Participate in the twice-monthly conference calls. Each of our projects arose from these calls.
- Initiate discussion on the blog, Facebook or elsewhere to gather an interested team.


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Rothman's Breakout Year
Makuakai Rothman had a big year on the Big Wave Tour. Hear his take.
Red Alert: Nature Fails to Deliver, Pe'ahi Off
Swell drops, Big Wave Tour commissioner Peter Mel calls off paddle-in event on Maui.
BWT Event Guide: Pe'ahi Challenge
A look at the infamous break and everything that comes with it.
2014/2015 WSL Pe'ahi Challenge - Maui, Hawaii
The world's premier paddle wave could host its first-ever BWWT event in the second half of the 2014/2015 season.
XXL Awards: Waves, Wipeouts at Jaws Super Session
Jaw-dropping drops and cringe-worthy wipeouts at the first Hawaiian XXL swell.


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Coffey... Gonna Need It!
9 comments:
- Abz said...
Great illustration, great colours. Good luck with schoolio! Hope to see you posting more often though-- talent like this shouldnt be hidden!
- 27 August 2010 at 16:59
- Gabby Zapata said...
haha I can TOTALLY relate to this post! I'm also working on my senior film :)! I haven't posted since school started! I miss my poor blog haha. Have fun and enjoy making your film! I'm sure we'll both have lots of sleepless nights making our film come to life!
- 27 August 2010 at 17:38
- Julie Lee said...
hehehe good to see the final product :D this illustration has some funny feeling inside lol just keep makes me laugh when i stare at it hahaha lol i love it <3 great job nikky muah~~ <3
- 28 August 2010 at 11:55
- Dalibor Dejanovic said...
That guys is loving his green coffee :)
Hey good luck with your final year and the film. I remember those days and I loved every minute of it. You got lots of great characters so finding a story will be a breeze for you :)
- 5 September 2010 at 14:08
- Howard Shum said...
Nice looking work!
- 6 September 2010 at 05:53
- Nikolas Ilic said...
Thank you guys, and good luck to you as well Gabby and i hope you are right Dalibor:)
- 7 September 2010 at 22:48
- Stevie Ray said...
AH! I want to see him move!! :) :) He's so fun!
- 12 September 2010 at 21:42
- le Gopinath said...
dude, i didnt know you had such a crazy good style man. awesome work. keep it up! good luck on the fourth year film and don't forget.. we seriously gotta get better at soccer lol
- 16 October 2010 at 20:05
- Sandra Brandstätter said...
like your style!
- 7 December 2010 at 11:23


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Sunday, May 16, 2010
The Babylon is Back
I was at a baby shower yesterday face to face with the changes my friends have all experienced over the past five years. They are married, having babies, buying property and moving out of the state. I realized that not much has changed in my life except I'm not blogging anymore. Well, that is something that shouldn't go away. I'm back. I'm not married. I thankfully have a good job and MJ Cat is doing well after a perilous encounter with some bladder stones. There is not damned reason I am not blogging except my addiction to Farm Town which has eaten away from my blogging time. I hope you visit me again because while things may not have changed, my life is different and I'm ready to share.
Posted by nycbabylon at 10:48 PM
Labels: blogging
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When Isis Parenting closed this past January, we wanted to make sure we were part of the effort to keep their fantastic classes and experts in circulation, and we're delighted to be presenting Cecilia Matson's Galoop classes at Magic Beans Brookline, starting this September! Register for Galoop classes here! Cecilia has 20 years of experience working with young children and ... Read More »
Tag Archives: sophie the giraffe
Fun for the first, second, and third year: Top Ten Baby & Toddler Toys for Holiday Shopping
Compared to most gift-giving occasions, shopping for a holiday gift for a new baby can be refreshingly simple: babies don't know what holidays are, and won't be offended if, say, you pick out a sweater that doesn't flatter their complexion. Their tastes are unformed, their opinions limited to "I don't like cold / loud noise / hunger" and "I do ... Read More »


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Session I: Electronic Media
Concurrent Session B-7
The speakers said there is a massive communication gap between the citizens and the local governments despite efforts by the National Reconstruction Bureau to rectify it through its Governance and Media Cell. They urged a strong local media involvement for awareness about the local government system.
Media analyst Jehanzeb Aziz, in his paper, Gaps between governance and the masses: the case of devolution plan, analysed the National Reconstruction Bureau's media strategy and its impacts. He called for more independent, fair and objective studies to bridge the information gaps between the devolution plan and the citizens.He shared that the NRB has equipped itself with many diversified tasks. The organization, though a part of the Prime Minister's Secretariat, does not have a practical, executable plan for advocacy and education regarding its role and functions.
According to his presentation, the Media and Governance Cell, devised to bridge the gap in governance issues among masses, keep people abreast of different activities going on at tehsil and district levels and dispel false impressions against the devolution process, has not been able to perform these functions.He said only 12 percent of the people are aware of the local government system, 23 percent how nazims are elected, while a bare 2 percent have knowledge about Citizen Community Boards (CBOs). He said in the urban areas only 11 percent and in the rural areas 9 percent felt that the local governance was a better system. Reviewing the mass media environment in Pakistan, he said only 5.3 percent of the people have access to newspapers, and 97 percent of these only read headlines, and 21 percent read columns, which is a healthy trend. His research indicated that magazine readership among women was higher compared to males. While 50 percent have television sets, only 5 percent have access to computers. Interestingly, he found that despite a 39-percent listeners of FM radio stations, 9 percent listen to the All India Radio.
He concluded that despite the fact that a worse kind of oligarchy was being created with the devolution system, it was still a good system. He stressed that the media needed to take greater ownership of the process to carry it to the people. "An independent, fair and objective study is required to know how much progress has actually taken place." Syed Abdul Siraj Ahmed, from the Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan, in his paper, Post-modernism and the mass media, gave a comparative analysis of the pre and post-modernist media. He discussed how post-modernist society had become a visual society dominated by media reality. "We are living in a three-minute culture because reality is littered with video footage, computer games, advertising, film, television images and photographs."
He discussed how post-modernism was a set of literary and cultural movements emerging after the collapse of the division between the elite and mass/common cultures. He said the speed of communications had brought about the concept of "here and now". He felt that the remote control had given more control to the audience in the communication process. Siraj cited this as a key reason behind fragmentation and segmentation in the society. "This cauterization of audience has changed the very definition of mass communication." Tragically, now more emphasis was on style rather than the substance and content. His presentation highlighted how advertising techniques are used to make or break a company, irrespective of the quality of the product. "A poor product can be successful due to great advertising while an excellent product can fail. People get influenced by brands when they buy things."
Matiullah Jan's paper, District governance and the role of FM radio, recommended that given the regulatory laws regarding coverage of public service messages, the districts should make best use of the FM radio channels. He said the district governments and FM radio were both a new phenomenon at the grassroots. He felt that FM radio would be the ultimate tool of empowering people. "Aggressive news reporting, interviews, debates and discussions by an FM radio station will put life into an otherwise dull system of local governments." He said a local FM radio could be a powerful instrument to bring people back to participatory democracy and draw them out of their houses on polling days.
He identified various departments/sections (CBO activities) of the district government set up that ought to be covered by FM radio reporters to keep the community well informed. Matiullah said the lacunas in the laws and by-laws of the district council legal framework prevented journalists from obtaining information and for this there was need for greater transparency on the part of nazims. Media personnel should have access to union council proceedings, he recommended. The website launched by NRB to facilitate free flow of information was only used as an advertising tool to glorify the nazims, he said, and called for bringing the public into the mainstream political discourse. The discussant, Eamoinn Taylor, head of Development Section at DFID, reiterated that electronic media needed to work aggressively and strategically to bridge the gaps, as the government bodies failed to inform the public about the devolution process.
He felt it was important for the state and the media to involve the citizens, adding that it was disheartening the citizens had such little information about CBOS, bodies designed specifically to work for them. He called for structural and behavioral reforms to move from "notions of tabedaree (submission) to notions of barabaree (egalitarianism)." In the brief plenary, it was suggested to discuss and debate the issue of the "tyranny of reportage" under a military rule as well. A participant questioned how Pakistan could be called a country living in the post-modern era since we were neither a text age nor an audio visual one, given the rate of rising illiteracy. Moneeza Hashmi of PTV, Pakistan, chaired the session.


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Flush Oak Fitted Glass Cabinet
Our client in Argyll and Bute requested a fitted glass cabinet for storing glasswear in a recessed cupboard area in the kitchen.
This fitted cabinet was handmade in solid oak with toughened glass shelves and doors and down lighters. We set it flush then beaded and plastered in the wall to create a 3mm shadow gap all round.
Stunning display cabinet that maximises the combined aesthetics of solid oak and gleaming lit glass to create this memorable display cabinet.


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Heb is a near black DK wool great for outerwear, mittens, hats and bags. It is available in 50g balls (100-120m). The Nude Ewe Hebrideans can be found grazing several nature reserves in Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire. Proceeds from Heb sales go to the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire.
SOLD OUT: more coming soon!
Additional information
|50 g


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A decade back, social media was a lesser-known phenomenon. With time, it emerged as a handy online tool to keep in touch with friends and family over the internet. Wikis and blogs gained momentum but largely in the context of personal use or for informational purposes. Since then, the social media scenario has changed every year, for the better.
While businesses were earlier reluctant to try social media, it's now emerging as a norm rather than an exception amongst business owners across a variety of vertical segments.
SFU Social Media Study
A recent research from Simon Fraser University evaluates the level of commitment that businesses must make if they want their brands to succeed via social media channels like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Unsurprisingly, the research concludes that social media is no longer a choice in the business world.
Businesses need to engage with their customers through social media channels despite the inherent risks involved in ceding control of their brands to social media channels. Half hearted measures usually fetch half as good the results and social media is no exception to that rule.
The SFU research is based on extensive academic research conducted by PhD students Kirk Plangger and Anjali Bal in the areas of e-marketing and technology adoption by organizations.
My Thoughts
While I agree with some of the findings from SFU's social media research, at the same time, I believe the business world hasn't matured enough as of now for social media to emerge as a necessity rather than a choice. There's a serious lack of social media education in the enterprise world, more so amongst the small business segment.
It's true that social media lip service won't do any good to a business. However, do a majority of small business owners know how to leverage Facebook and Twitter for a two-way engagement with their customers. Despite being an active social media loyalist and practitioner, I'm forced to say that there's still plenty of work to be done.
Sure, the business world has shown its "willingness to participate" in the ongoing social media revolution in bits and pieces, but it lacks critical mass in the small to midsize business world. I have no doubt that we'd eventually get there in a few years from now.
Social media is here to stay and evolve. While it's currently a choice for small business owners, it would eventually be a necessity sooner than later. If you've still not tapped social media as an opportunity for your business, now's a good time as ever to do so.
What are your thoughts on social media adoption in the small business world? Please share your opinion by leaving a comment below this post.


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- Details
- Reviews
Installing a magnetic contact doesn't have to be a hassle! The US-555 contact set is comprised of a stubby, 3/8" sensor with wire leads and a long 3/8" magnet. This configuration is excellent for doors with limited space in the frame. The magnet and sensor press into 3/8" holes and Rhodium metal contacts and rare earth magnets provide reliable monitoring at a gap of up to .75 inches. This type of contact switch is for normally closed circuits; this means that the when the magnets are lined up, the switch is closed. This type of setup is ideal for monitoring doors, windows, and sliding doors. The magnetic contact is wired to most hardwired security systems to notify you when the contact is broken - when a door is opened, window is opened, etc.
3 Reviews
- Review of 79642 Review by FRED
Review of 79642
I am extremely happy with Smarthome. The magnetic contacts I ordered arrived from them within 2-day after I ordered the contacts.
Posted on 5/15/2013
- Review of 79642 Review by PAUL
Review of 79642
Very happy with my purchase. One small problem with the original shipment, but it was easily fixed with a phone call. I would order from SmartHome again.
Posted on 3/17/2012
- Review of 79642 Review by DENNIS
Review of 79642
Received item as advertised and within forecasted timeframe.
Good price but expensive shipping on small parts.
Easy installation.
A good source for alarm system parts.
Posted on 12/16/2011
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I am going to give you a simple explanation of Spanish Pronouns and when to use "La" vs "Le" vs "Lo" vs "Se". In fact, it might be too simple so I will also give you resources that make it more complicated.
Spanish Pronouns: What Did She Just Say?
One of the most difficult things when learning Spanish is understanding the use of pronouns. And, learning these pronouns academically is only part of the battle. The other part is actually understanding native speakers when they string all of these pronouns together.
I don't know if you know this but native Spanish speakers were born with a different respiratory system than you. They have the ability to speak for 30 minutes straight without taking a single breath. This is why it takes so long to learn Spanish. A sentence such as "Él se lo dice" does not come out as a sentence. It sounds like one word with 5 syllables when you say it like they do.
To understand such rapid speak, the first battle is to actually understand the Spanish pronouns. When someone says "Élselo" like it is one word, you first need to realize that it is not one word. There is no person or thing called "Elselo". It's three words and you have to figure to whom or what they refer. Who is el? Who is se? What is lo? Read More


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Three held in Scunthorpe over murder of 41-year-old man
Three people have been arrested on suspicion of the murder of a man in Scunthorpe.
The 41-year-old died in hospital after he was found with a "life-threatening wound" at a house on Frodingham Road at about 21:30 BST on Thursday.
Two women, aged 22 and 38, and a 27-year-old man are being held in custody, Humberside Police said.
A cordon has put been put in place outside the property and a post-mortem examination is due to take place later.
The force said the suspects were all known to the victim and detectives were not looking for anyone else in connection with his death.