text:
Leigh, Greater Manchester
Obelisk and the Boar's Head
Leigh shown within Greater Manchester
|52,855 [1]
|OS grid reference
|– London
|169 mi (272 km) SSE
|Metropolitan borough
|Metropolitan county
|Greater Manchester
|North West
|Sovereign state
|United Kingdom
|Post town
|Postcode district
|Dialling code
|Greater Manchester
|Greater Manchester
|North West
|EU Parliament
|North West England
|UK Parliament
Coordinates: 53°29′51″N 2°30′54″W / 53.4975°N 2.5150°W
Leigh is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England, 7.7 miles (12 km) southeast of Wigan and 9.5 miles (15.3 km) west of Manchester city centre. Leigh is situated on low-lying land to the north west of Chat Moss.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Leigh was originally the centre of a large ecclesiastical parish covering six vills or townships. When the three townships of Pennington, Westleigh and Bedford merged in 1875 forming the Leigh Local Board District, Leigh became the official name for the town although it had been applied to the area of Pennington and Westleigh around the parish church for many centuries.[2] The town became an urban district in 1894 when part of Atherton was added.[3] In 1899 Leigh became a municipal borough. The first town hall was built in King Street and replaced by the present building in 1907.
Originally an agricultural area noted for dairy farming, domestic spinning and weaving led to a considerable silk and, in the 20th century, cotton industry. Leigh also exploited the underlying coal measures particularly after the town was connected to the canals and railways. Leigh had an important engineering base. The legacy of Leigh's industrial past can be seen in the remaining red brick mills – some of which are listed buildings – although it is now a mainly residential town, with Edwardian and Victorian terraced housing packed around the town centre. Leigh's present-day economy is based largely on the retail sector.
Leigh is derived from the Old English leah which meant a place at the wood or woodland clearing, a glade and subsequently a pasture or meadow, it was spelt Legh in 1276.[4] Other recorded spellings include Leech, 1264; Leeche, 1268; Leghthe, 1305; Leght, 1417; Lech, 1451; Legh, 16th century. As its name denotes it was a district rich in meadow and pasture land, and the produce of its dairies, the Leigh cheese, was formerly noted for its excellence.[2] Westleigh, the west clearing, was Westeley in 1237, Westlegh in 1238 and Westlay in Legh in 1292.[5] Pennington was recorded as Pininton and Pynynton in 1246 and 1360, Penynton in 1305, Pynyngton in 1351 and 1442 and Penyngton in 1443, the ending tun denotes an enclosure, farmstead or manor in Old English.[6] The ford of Beda, probably through the Pennington Brook gave its name to Bedford which was recorded as Beneford from 1200–21 and Bedeford in 1200 and 1296.[7]
Early history
The earliest signs of human activity in Leigh are evidenced by a Neolithic stone axe found in Pennington and a bronze spearhead from south of Gas Street.[8] A single Roman coin was found at Butts in Bedford.[9] After the Roman departure from Britain, and into the history of Anglo-Saxon England, nothing was written about Leigh. However evidence for the presence of Saxons in what was a sparsely populated and isolated part of the country is provided by local township place names that incorporate the Old English suffix leah, such as Leigh, Tyldesley, Shakerley and Astley.[10]
In the 12th century the ancient parish of Leigh was made up of six townships, including Pennington,[11] Bedford,[12] Westleigh,[13] Atherton, Astley, and Tyldesley cum Shakerley. Weekly markets were held by the parish church and a cattle fair held twice-yearly.[14]
Bedford manor was mentioned in documents in 1202 when it was held by Sir Henry de Kighley whose family held it until the 16th century, but never actually lived there.[7] The Shuttleworths, landowners from the 14th century, were another prominent Bedford family. Richard Shuttleworth married a daughter of the Urmstons from Westleigh and brought part of the Westleigh inheritance to Bedford. This family lived at Shuttleworth House, or Sandypool Farm as it is also known, which is south of the Bridgewater Canal near to the old manor house, Bedford Hall, which survives today as a Grade II listed building.[7][15] Another prominent Bedford family, the Sales of Hope Carr Hall, had a great deal of influence in Bedford for over 400 years, and owned more land than the Shuttleworths.[7] The family were recusants and secretly kept the "old faith" when Roman Catholicism was subject to civil or criminal penalties. Hope Carr Hall was moated as was nearby Brick House.[9]
The manor house of Westleigh was at Higher Hall and existed in Richard I's time (1189–1199).[5] In 1292 Sigreda, the heiress of the manor, married Richard de Urmston, and the manor passed to the Urmston family and remained there until the last of the male Urmstons died in 1659.[5] It was later abandoned because of mining subsidence and Westleigh Old Hall became the manor by repute. The Ranicars and the Marsh families lived here.[5] Westleigh Old Hall was another Leigh hall that had a moat.[9]
The Pennington family owned Pennington Hall from about 1200 until they were replaced by the Bradshaw or Bradshaighs in 1312.[6] The Bradshaws held the manor until 1703 when John, the last of the male line died. Pennington Hall was rebuilt in 1748 by the then owner Samuel Hilton and in 1807 sold to the Gaskell family of Thornes, Wakefield, who let it to a succession of tenants.[6] Around 1840 James Pownall, a founder member of the silk manufacturing firm, Bickham and Pownall, was tenant. Later occupants were Charles Jackson, cotton manufacturer, Jabez Johnson, and F.W. Bouth founder of Bouth's Mill in 1862, The last resident was the brewer, George Shaw. On 3 December 1919 George Shaw & Co Ltd offered the hall and grounds to the people of Leigh. The gift was accepted and opened to the public on 25 August 1920.[16] The hall was converted to a museum and art gallery in 1928 but was demolished in 1963. The grounds are now Pennington Park.
Civil War
Leigh was divided in its allegiance during the English Civil War, some of the population supporting the Royalists' cause while others supported the Parliamentarians. A battle was fought in the town on 2 December 1642, when a group of Chowbenters, men from neighbouring Atherton, beat back and then routed Cavalier troops under the command of James Stanley, the 7th Earl of Derby. Sir Thomas Tyldesley of Myerscough and Morleys Hall, Astley, was killed on 25 August 1651 at the Battle of Wigan Lane and is buried in the Tyldesley Chapel in Leigh Parish Church.[9] The Earl of Derby passed through Leigh again in 1651, when he spent his last night in the King's Arms, before going on to his execution outside Ye Olde Man & Scythe Inn in Bolton.[9]
Industrial Revolution
At the end of the 16th century, although agriculture and the dairy industry, particularly the production of Leigh cheese, sometimes known as Leigh Toaster, were important,[17] spinning and weaving began to develop as a cottage industry. Work was supplied from Manchester by agents who brought work weekly often to an inn, and where they collected the finished cloth. At first the work was done to supplement the income of local farmers and their families. The cloth woven in Leigh was fustian, a sort of rough corduroy, and by the end of the 17th century middlemen, fustian masters, were dealing directly with weavers and selling the finished cloth in Manchester.[18] It is a tradition in the town that a local man, Thomas Highs, was the inventor of a spinning jenny and the water frame in the 1760s, the latter invention being pirated by Richard Arkwright, who subsequently made a fortune from the patent royalties.[19] These 18th-century improvements to the spinning process meant that handloom weavers were in great demand.[20] but as power looms were introduced in factories in Manchester there was less work for them and there was serious unemployment in the town. In 1827 silk weaving began in Leigh, either as the result of a dispute or a labour shortage in the Middleton silk industry. William Walker was a middleman who opened the first silk mill in Leigh in 1828, and others quickly followed, including James Pownall and Henry Hilton, whose mill survived until 1926.[21][22] Several cotton mills were built in Leigh after the mid-1830s, and some silk mills were converted to cotton after 1870.[9]
The Leigth Feight took place on 14 August 1839. The chartists had called for a strike at a time when there was social unrest over the high levels of unemployment and high cost of living. A mob of at least 2,000 gathered in Leigh. About 400–500 workers from Chowbent threatened to burn down Hayes Mill. A detachment of troops from Haydock was called out and special constables sworn in by the local magistrate. The Riot Act was read by Squire Thomas Withington of Culcheth Hall and for a while the mob dispersed but reassembled later. Many were injured in the fighting that took place and arrests were made. Those arrested were severely punished, while others ensured that radicalism continued in Leigh, leading eventually to electoral reform and universal suffrage.[23]
The large multi-storey spinning mills came later, and five survive today. Mill complexes were built at Kirkhall Lane and Firs Lane in Westleigh, and in Pennington and Bedford.[9] Leigh Spinners[24] is a Grade II* listed building. Mather Lane Mill close to the Bridgewater Canal is a Grade II listed building.[25] More than 6,000 people were employed in textiles in Leigh in 1911.[9]
Coal mining
There had been drift mines in Westleigh since the 12th century but during the second half of the 19th century it became possible to mine the deeper seams and coal began to be an important industry and coal mining became the largest user of labour after the textile industry in Leigh.[26] Parsonage Colliery, the last pit to be sunk in Leigh, was one of the deepest in the country, going down to over 3,000 ft (900 m).[27] The extent of mining at Parsonage Colliery increased in the 1960s with the driving of the Horizon Tunnel, which accessed previously inaccessible seams around 6 ft (2 m) high that were easy to work. The seams were wet, and a series of pumps was used to remove the water into underground canals before it was pumped into the canal at Leigh. The winding engine at Parsonage was a steam engine, fuelled by methane extracted from the workings, while the neighbouring Bickershaw Colliery had a superior electric system. In 1974, the two pits were linked underground, and all coal was wound at Bickershaw, which had better facilities, while Parsonage was used for supplies. The entire Lancashire Coalfield is closed to deep mining, although several open-cast mines are still in operation elsewhere in the county.
Mining disasters in Leigh included the explosion of firedamp which caused the deaths of 38 miners at Bedford Colliery on 13 August 1886.[28] There were several accidents at Bickershaw Colliery, but the most serious was in 1932, when 19 men were drowned in the sump at the bottom of the shaft after an overwind of the cage.[29][30]
|Colliery Name
|List & Ref.
|J. Speakman
|Bedford Colliery
|J. Speakman & Sons
|1880 1908[31]
|Bickershaw Colliery
|Ackers Whitley & Co
|1854[31][32] 1918
|John Speakman and Co.
|1854[32] 1869 1880[31]
|Hearts o' th' Meadow
|Wigan Coal and Iron Co.
|Thomas Livesey
|1854[32] 1869 1880 1908 1918[31]
|Lower Hall
|James Diggle
|1880, 1908, 1918[31]
|James Diggle
|Parsonage Colliery
|Wigan Coal and Iron Company
|Wigan Coal and Iron Company
|1880, 1908[31]
|Wigan Coal and Iron Company
|1908, 1918[31]
|James Diggle
|1869, 1880, 1908[31]
|James Diggle and Co.
|1854[32] 1869, 1880, 1918[31]
|Westleigh Lane
|Samuel Banks
Other notable industry included the tractor factory of David Brown Limited, which was located in Leigh following the acquisition in 1955 of Harrison, McGregor and Guest's Albion range of farm machinery products.[33] Rope-manufacture was another local industry: Mansley's Rope works on Twist Lane made rope by hand, using a rope walk. The factory burnt down in 1912.[34] Anchor Cables had a large works close to the Bridgewater Canal. The company was bought by Callender's Cables, in 1903, later to become British Insulated Callender's Cables (BICC), part of Balfour Beatty.[35] Another major 20th century employer was Sutcliffe Speakman, which made activated carbon and brick-making equipment.[36]
Leigh is covered by four electoral wards, Atherleigh, Leigh East, Leigh South and Leigh West, of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan. Each ward elects three councillors to the 75-member metropolitan borough council, Wigan's local authority. As of 2009, all twelve ward councillors for Leigh, including Leader of the Council, Lord Smith of Leigh, are members of the Labour Party who control the council.[37]
Historically, Leigh's townships were in the Hundred of West Derby, a judicial division of southwest Lancashire. Pennington, Westleigh and Bedford were three of the six townships or vills that made up the ancient parish of Leigh. The townships existed before the parish.[2]
Under the terms of the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 the townships formed part of Leigh Poor Law Union, established on 26 January 1837 and responsible for an area covering the whole of the ancient parish and part of Winwick. Workhouses in Pennington, Culcheth, Tyldesley and Lowton were replaced by Leigh Union workhouse at Atherleigh in the 1850s.[38] In 1875 Leigh Local Board of Health was established, covering the areas of the former Bedford, Pennington and Westleigh Local Boards of Health. In 1894 the area of the Local Board, together with part of Atherton township, became Leigh Urban District, which was granted honorific borough status in 1899 becoming the Municipal Borough of Leigh. In 1969 there was an exchange of very small areas with Golborne Urban District. Following the Local Government Act 1972, the Municipal Borough of Leigh was abolished and its territory granted as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, a local government district of Greater Manchester.[39] In 1998, an area (Lately Common) was further ceded to the Warrington borough – one of the few parts of England to have been in three different counties since the mid-20th century: Lancashire, then Greater Manchester, then Cheshire.
Leigh's MP is Andy Burnham who has represented the parliamentary seat for Leigh for the Labour Party since the 2001 General Election. Between 10 June 2009 and the 2010 General Election he was Secretary of State at the Department of Health.[40] At the 2010 General Election Burnham retained the Leigh seat with 24,295 votes and a majority of 15,011, representing 51.3% of the vote.[41] Burnham was re-elected MP for the Leigh constituency in 2015 with 24,312 votes which was 53.9% of the total vote cast.[42]
|Climate chart (explanation)
Leigh is low-lying; land to the south and east, close to Chat Moss, is 50 feet (15 m) above mean sea level.[2] The highest land, to the north and west, rises gently to 125 feet (38 m). Astley and Bedford Mosses are fragments of the raised bog that once covered a large area north of the River Mersey and along with Holcroft and Risley Mosses are part of Manchester Mosses, a European Union designated Special Area of Conservation.[44] The area is in the River Mersey Basin; drained into the Mersey by several streams, including the Westleigh and Pennington Brooks that join others flowing through Bedford to form the Glaze Brook.[2] The southeast of the town has alluvial and peaty soils,[7] but the rest is loam overlaying sandstone, or coal measures in the north.[5][7] magnesian limestone occurs in Bedford and neighbouring Astley.[2] Mining subsidence and flooding have caused the formation of "flashes" to the south and west of the town, the largest of which is south of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in Pennington. Pennington Flash Country Park is a 490-acre (200 ha) country park and nature reserve with a 170-acre (69 ha) flash or lake.[45]
Leigh is crossed by the Bolton to St Helens Road high road,[2] an old packhorse route that became a Turnpike Trust in 1762.[20] The A579 road bypasses the town centre using the line of the Bolton and Leigh Railway. The Bridgewater Canal and the Leigh Branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal cross the town west to east, the canals meeting at Leigh Bridge just south of the town centre.[6][46] In the 1930s the A580 "East Lancashire Road" was built crossing to the south of the town.
|Chat Moss
|Leigh Compared
|2001 Census
|Wigan MB
|GM Urban Area
|Total population
|Source: Office for National Statistics[47][48]
At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, according to the Office for National Statistics, the Urban Subdivision of Leigh[49] was part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area and had a total resident population of 43,006, of which 20,990 (48.8%) were male and 22,016 (51.2%) were female, with 18,270 households.[50] The settlement occupied 884 hectares (3.41 sq mi), compared with 858 hectares (3.31 sq mi) in the 1991 census. Its population density was 48.65 people per hectare compared with an average of 40.20 across the Greater Manchester Urban Area.[51] The median age of the population was 37, compared with 36 within the Greater Manchester Urban Area and 37 across England and Wales.[52]
The majority of the population of Leigh were born in England (95.92%); 2.10% were born elsewhere within the United Kingdom, 0.95% within the rest of the European Union, and 1.47% elsewhere in the world.[53]
Data on religious beliefs across the town in the 2001 census show that 85.5% declared themselves to be Christian, 7.6% said they held no religion, and 0.6% reported themselves as Muslim.[54]
Most of Leigh is within the Warrington & Wigan Travel to Work Area (TTWA), whilst part of the eastern side of the town is within the Manchester TTWA.[55] The entire town is within the Manchester Larger Urban Zone.[56]
At the time of the 2001 Census, there were 19,051 people (44.3%) in employment who were resident within Leigh. Of these, 18.36% worked within the wholesale and retail trade, including repair of motor vehicles; 21.60% worked within manufacturing industry; and 11.99% worked within the health and social work sector.[57] 45.16% of households owned a single car or van, with 30.77% owning none. The average car ownership per household was 0.98, compared with 0.93 across the Greater Manchester Urban Area.[50]
Population change
|Population growth in Leigh from 1801 to 2001
|no data
|no data
|no data
|no data
|no data
Parish 1821–1861[58][59][60] • Urban Sanitary District 1891[61] • Urban District 1901–1961[62] • Urban Subdivision 1981–2001[63][64][65]
Leigh has a traditional town centre with daily outdoor and indoor markets.[66] Part of the town centre is pedestrianised and there are local independent and multiple retailers. The Spinning Gate Centre in the centre of town has about thirty retail units.[67] A retail park developed on the old Parsonage Colliery site is within walking distance of the town centre.[68]
Opened in 2008 Leigh Sports Village has an 11,000-capacity stadium (anchored by Leigh Centurions and shared with the reserves of Blackburn Rovers), an athletics arena for Leigh Harriers, facilities for Leigh East Rugby League Club, a college campus, hotel, leisure retail and business facilities for the community.[69] In 2011 a Morrisons store opened at the sports village.[70]
Another regeneration project on the site of the former Bickershaw Colliery complex which closed in 1992 will redevelop the site and canal side with a country park and housing.[71] In 2011 "The Loom" a £50million retail development opened on the north side of the Bridgewater Canal with a seven-screen cinema, Tesco Extra store, Nando's, Frankie and Benny's and The Real China restaurants.[72]
Major landmarks in Leigh are the red sandstone parish church and across the civic square, Leigh Town Hall and its associated shops on Market Street. The Grade II listed Obelisk that replaced the original market cross is also situated here.[73] Many town centre buildings including the Boar's Head public house[74] are in red Ruabon or Accrington bricks, often with gables and terracotta dressings.[9] There are several large multi-storey cotton mills built along the Bridgewater Canal that are a reminder of Leigh's textile industry but most are now underused and deteriorating despite listed building status.[75] Leigh's War Memorial by local architect J.C. Prestwich is at the junction of Church Street and Silk Street and is a Grade II listed structure.[76] St Joseph's Church and St Thomas's Church on opposite sides of Chapel Street are both imposing churches using different materials and styles.
Historically Leigh was well connected to the local transport infrastructure, but with the closure of the railway in 1969 this is no longer the case. Public transport is co-ordinated by the Transport for Greater Manchester. There are bus services operated by First Greater Manchester, Jim Stones, Maytree Travel, Diamond Bus North West, Stagecoach Manchester and Network Warrington from Leigh bus station to many local destinations including Wigan, Bolton, Warrington, Manchester and St Helens.[77] There had been suggestions to reopen the railway via Tyldesley to Manchester, but a guided busway[78] scheme was chosen for the route; this decision was not universally popular.[79]
The Bridgewater Canal was extended from Worsley to the middle of Leigh in 1795.[80][81] In 1819 the fifth Leeds and Liverpool Canal Act was passed for the construction of the Leigh Branch and by 1820 the Leigh branch canal was cut from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Poolstock, Wigan to meet the Bridgewater at Leigh Bridge, giving access from Leigh to all parts of Lancashire, Yorkshire and the Midlands.[82]
Leigh was the southern terminus of the 7.5 miles (12 km) long Bolton and Leigh Railway. George Stephenson carried out the survey for the line. It opened between Bolton and William Hulton's coal mines at Chequerbent for freight on 1 August 1828 and to the terminus at the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Leigh in March 1830.[83] Passengers were carried from 13 June 1831. The first locomotive on the line was an 0-4-0 called the Lancashire Witch. The railway station was at Westleigh.[84] Later the line was extended southwards to Pennington.[85] Atherleigh opened in 1935. The line was closed to passenger traffic on 29 March 1954, and later closed completely.[86]
In 1861 the London and North Western Railway revived powers granted to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to build a railway from Manchester via Eccles and Tyldesley to Wigan with a branch to Kenyon Junction on the Liverpool to Manchester Line via Leigh and Pennington.[87] The station, originally named Bedford Leigh served the town. The railway crossed the town on a viaduct which has since been largely demolished.[88] It closed in May 1969, leaving the town without a railway: after the reopening of Mansfield and Corby railway stations, Leigh is now one of the largest towns in Great Britain without a railway station. Numerous colliery lines crossed the town, but with the closure of the collieries these were no longer required.
The nearest railway station is at Atherton, 3 miles (5 km) miles to the north, with trains to Wigan and Manchester operated by Northern, leaving the bus station as Leigh's only public transport link.
Trams and trolley buses
In 1900, a Bill authorising the South Lancashire Tramways Company to construct over 62 miles (100 km) of tramway in southern Lancashire was given Royal Assent.[89] However, by November 1900 the South Lancashire Electric Traction and Power Company had acquired the shares. The first section of tramway opened on 20 October 1902 between Lowton and Four Lanes Ends via Leigh and Atherton. The company got into financial difficulty and in turn became Lancashire United Tramways later Lancashire United Transport. On 16 December 1933, the last tram service ran from Leigh to Four Lane Ends and the next day trolley buses took over.[90] An Act of 4 August 1920 authorised Leigh Municipal Borough to run buses. A garage built on Windermere Road was soon outgrown and replaced by one on Holden Road. The corporation had a fleet of 70 vehicles during World War II.[91]
Work on the Leigh-Salford-Manchester Bus Rapid Transit guided busway commenced in 2012[92] and the busway opened on 3 April 2016[93]
Leigh Grammar School existed in 1655 but its foundation is unclear. The building was next to the churchyard,[94] but the school moved to Manchester Road in 1931. Leigh Girls' Grammar School was established in 1921,[94] but both schools were abolished by the then Secretary of State for Education, Shirley Williams, in the 1976 Education Act. Leigh high schools include Bedford High School,[95] and Westleigh High School.[96] Pupils also attend schools in Atherton, Lowton, Golborne and Astley. Wigan and Leigh College provides post-16 education.
St Mary the Virgin's Church has been in existence since the 12th century and probably much earlier.[9] It was once known as the Church of St Peter at Westleigh in Leigh, and straddles the boundary between the old townships of Westleigh and Pennington, the nave and churchyard, in Westleigh and the chancel in Pennington. Its early history is connected with the Westleigh and Urmston families. Its dedication changed to St Mary the Virgin in the 14th century.[2] The church tower, said to have been built in 1516, is all that remains of the medieval structure, which was replaced by the present church after becoming unsafe. Paley and Austin of Lancaster designed the present church, the foundation stone was laid in 1871 and the church consecrated in 1873. The church is built in red sandstone it is a Grade II listed building.[97]
Parish churches have been built in each of the former townships. The first St Thomas's Church in Bedford was consecrated in 1840 and replaced by the present church in 1909. It is built of Accrington red brick with Runcorn red sandstone facings, to designs by J. S. Crowther.[98] Christ Church, Pennington, designed by architect E. H. Shellard, was built in Yorkshire stone and was consecrated in 1854. The site to the south of the canal was a rapidly growing area at this time. It is Grade II listed.[99] Westleigh St Paul, founded in 1847 is on Westleigh Lane. Westleigh St Peter, a Grade II* listed building by Paley and Austin, built in brick with red sandstone dressings, was founded 1881 is on Firs Lane.[100]
The first Catholic chapel was built in Bedford on the corner of Mather Lane and Chapel Street in 1778 and this lasted until it was replaced in 1855 by St Joseph's Church by architect Joseph Hansom.[101] A growing Catholic population in the area led to the building of Our Lady of the Rosary in Plank Lane in 1879, Twelve Apostles in 1879 and Sacred Heart in 1929. Other denominations catered for include Wesleyan, Independent, Primitive, Welsh and United Methodists. There are also Unitarian, Baptist and Jehovah's Witness places of worship in the town.[102]
Leigh has a professional rugby league team – Leigh Centurions[103] – whose main claim to fame is beating Leeds 24–7 in the 1971 Challenge Cup final at Wembley Stadium. The club played in the Super League in the 2005 season. Leigh has several amateur clubs, including Leigh East and Leigh Miners Rangers.
The town had a semi-professional football team, Leigh Genesis (formerly Leigh RMI),[104] which ceased operations at a senior level in June 2011. The most successful amateur club is Leigh Athletic,[105] which currently plays in the Manchester Football League.
Leigh also has an athletics club, Leigh Harriers AC, founded in 1909,[106] and a Rugby Union club, Leigh RUFC, based at Round Ash Park, which gained promotion in 2007, to RFU league North 2 (West), and is current holder of the Lancashire Trophy which it won in May 2008 for the third consecutive year. Attached to the club is a crown green bowling section which runs several teams in local bowling leagues.[107] Leigh has two cricket clubs: Leigh Cricket Club play in the ECB Premier League Liverpool Competition,[108] and Westleigh Cricket Club,[109] have two senior and 4 junior teams playing in the Bolton and District Cricket Association.[110]
Many of Leigh's old halls have been demolished but the sites of Lilford Park, once the grounds of Atherton Hall, a gift to Leigh from Lord Lilford in 1914[111][112] and Pennington Park, the grounds of Pennington Hall which was demolished in 1963 after being used as a museum, are open to the public.[113]
Leigh's wealth as an industrial town resulted in many outlets for the entertainment of its population, including theatres, cinemas and public houses. In 1908 the Hippodrome Theatre on Leigh Road was built on the site of Walker's silk mill of 1827, this subsequently became a cinema, first the Odeon, later the Classic.[114] Another theatre, the Theatre Royal, was built on Lord Street which later became the Leigh Casino Club.[115] The Palace Cinema was built in 1913 on Railway Road and the assembly rooms above the Conservative Club, were converted to a cinema known as the Sems in 1908.[116] Brewery Lane is a reminder that there was once a brewery in Bedford belonging to George Shaw & Co.[117] The old Leigh College and Library on Railway Road was built between 1894 and 1896 by the Leigh Literary Society to designs by J. C. Prestwich and J. H. Stephen.[118] The present library was built in 1971 between the parish church and town hall.[119]
Notable people
Sir John Lennard-Jones, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies[120] and Pete Shelley[121] were old pupils of Leigh Grammar School. Rhythm and blues singer and musician Georgie Fame was born in Leigh in 1943.[122] Thomas Burke, operatic tenor, was born in 1890 and attended St Joseph's School.[123] The author of "Goodbye, Mr Chips", James Hilton was also born in Leigh. A local businessman of the same name became chairman of Leigh RLFC after World War II and the club's former ground, Hilton Park, was named after him.[124] The female sculptor Mary Pownall (1862-1937) was born and raised in Leigh. [125]
See also
- ↑ Census 2011: Population and Household Estimates for Wards (pdf), Wigan Council, retrieved 19 May 2016
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1907), "The parish of Leigh: Introduction, church and charities", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3, British History Online, pp. 413–421, retrieved 7 August 2009
- ↑ Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 3 June 2010
- ↑ Mills (1998), p. 218.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1907), "Westleigh", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3, British History Online, pp. 421–426, retrieved 28 July 2009
- 1 2 3 4 Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1907), "Pennington", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3, British History Online, pp. 426–431, retrieved 28 July 2009
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1907), "Bedford", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3, British History Online, pp. 431–435, retrieved 28 July 2009
- ↑ 25 things you never knew about Leigh (PDF), Wian Council, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2012, retrieved 31 January 2011
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 LeighTownTrailPart1 (PDF), Wigan.gov.uk, retrieved 14 August 2009
- ↑ Mills (1998), p. 405.
- ↑ Pennington, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 9 August 2009
- ↑ Bedford, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 9 August 2009
- ↑ Westleigh, genuki.org.uk, retrieved 9 August 2009
- ↑ LeighTownTrailPart1 (PDF), Wigan.gov.uk, p. 6, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2011, retrieved 14 August 2009
- ↑ Bedford Hall, Images of England, retrieved 10 September 2009
- ↑ [Leigh Chronicle - Pennington Hall, (8 April 1949)]
- ↑ Leigh Cheese (PDF), wlct, p. 30, archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007, retrieved 18 October 2009
- ↑ Ackers (1978), p. 3.
- ↑ Richard Guest (1823), A Compedious History of the Cotton-Manufacture, retrieved 25 August 2009
- 1 2 Ackers (1978), p. 4.
- ↑ Ackers (1978), p. 8.
- ↑ Holcroft (1998), p. 10.
- ↑ Lunn (1958), pp.84–86.
- ↑ Leigh Mill, Park Lane, Images of England, retrieved 10 September 2009
- ↑ Mather Lane Mill, Images of England, retrieved 10 September 2009
- ↑ Ackers (1978), p. 11.
- ↑ Parsonage Colliery 1934, hansard.millbanksystems.com, retrieved 19 September 2009
- ↑ Bedford Colliery Disaster (PDF), cmhrc.co.uk, p. 1, retrieved 1 November 2009
- ↑ Bickershaw Colliery Disaster, communigate.co.uk, retrieved 1 November 2009
- ↑ Bickershaw Colliery Disaster (PDF), cmhrc.co.uk, p. 4, retrieved 1 November 2009
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Lists of UK Mines". Coal Mining History Resource Centre. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "East Lancashire". communigate.co.uk. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
- ↑ David Brown Tractors, dbtc.co.uk, retrieved 9 August 2009
- ↑ LeighTownTrailPart2 (PDF), Wigan.gov.uk, retrieved 10 September 2009
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- Ackers, Norma (1978), An Outline History of Leigh, Leigh Local History Society Publication No6
- Ashmore, Owen (1982), The Industrial Archaeology of North-West England, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-0820-4
- Bond, Richard (1981), Walks around Leigh, Leigh Local History Society Publication No9
- Bond, Ackers & Ward (1979), Leigh Homesteads, Leigh Local History Society Publication No7
- Holcroft, Fred (1998), Silk Manufacturing in Leigh, Leigh Local History Society Publication No21
- Leigh Corporation (1949), Borough of Leigh Jubilee 1899–1949, Leigh Corporation
- Lunn, John (1958), History of Leigh, Leigh Borough Council
- Mills, A.D. (1998), Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-280074-4
- Pollard, Richard; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Sharples, Joseph (2006), The Buildings of England: Liverpool and the southwest, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10910-5
- Sweeney, D.J. (1996), A Lancashire Triangle Part One, Triangle Publishing, ISBN 0-9529333-0-6
- Sweeney, D.J. (1997), A Lancashire Triangle Part Two, Triangle Publishing, ISBN 0-9529333-2-2
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leigh, Greater Manchester.


text:
Animated Spirits Film Festival
Animated Spirits: New Animation from Europe
The 1st edition of European Animated Short Film Festival in NYC in April 2015
April 8, 2015 | 7.30pm
Austrian Cultural Forum | Screening Hall
11 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10022
Followed by a Q&A with Tom Brown,award winning animation film director (Annecy, Sundance, SXSW), Holbrooks Studios.
April 9, 2015 | 7.30pm
School of Visual Arts | Beatrice Theater
333 West 23 Street, New York NY 10011
Followed by a Q&A with Amid Amidi animation journalist and film historian, publisher of Cartoon Brew
Program curated by Anna Ida Orosz, (lecturer, Moholy-Nagy University of Arts and Design, co-founder and curator, PrimanimaShort Film Festival, Budapest), animation historian
The inaugural edition of Animated Spirits brings some of the most exciting animation from Europe across the Atlantic to New York. Artists from 14 countries of the European Union showcase the spirit of experimentation at the Austrian Cultural Forum and the School of Visual Arts on April 8 and 9, followed by discussions of the program and the transatlantic state of animation with two gurus of the genre (Tom Brown, UK and Amid Amidi, US). Emphasizing the new, the exciting and the unconventional, but finding the space to reflect on the continuing potential of the traditional techniques as well, Animated Spirits is the first chance of NYC audiences and professionals to encounter, in a carefully curated form, the cream of the crop of European animation.
The first screening will be followed by a reception and networking event on the premises of the Austrian Cultural Forum.
Powered by Balassi Institute, Hungarian Cultural Center, New York in partnership with the Austrian Cultural Forum, NYC and with the participation of 8 European national cultural institutes. A European National Institutes of Culture – New York City Cluster event.
Curator's Statement by Anna Ida Orosz
While they cost a lot of time and effort to make, the most exciting pieces of animation are actually the short films. European animation traditionally has been a field of experimentation with graphic styles, the mixing of media formats and addressing a wide variety of themes and subject matters.
Animated Spirits, presented by the European Union National Institutes for Culture, offers a survey of recent highlight of the genre from all over Europe.
One way to look at animation is to conceptualize it as doing "sport with the techniques and visuals". Accordingly, the selection includes both "hardcore", handmade films (On the Other Side of the Woods)and also innovative uses of 3D CGI (Chaud Lapin), clever graphical wizardry (Baths)and the witty use of mixed media (Sunny Afternoon).
At the same time, animation is also an exceptional tool in the hands of artists to tell their stories, to delight and captivate the audience. Being able to display a whole array of moods and genres, comic or tragic, absurd or dramatic, these recent award-winning European animations both can call attention to current global issues and engage the viewer with timeless, universal questions of human existence. Among these subject matters are environmental degradation (Symphony No. 42), the zones of in distinction inhabited by transnational migrants (Natasha), the everyday struggles of being a single mom (Mythopolis), coming-of-age (Sunstroke, Age of Curious, Nina), loneliness (Leftover) and the transitory nature of human life (Baths). Yet thanks to the exceptionally broad grammar and lexicon of animation, these global issues and universal subject matters can take highly individual and surprising, yet universally intelligible forms, which anyone can easily relate to.
The selection "Get a Life!" presents various people from an adventurous young child (Nina), through a teenage dreamer (Sunstroke) and a self-obsessed man (Teeth), to two competitive elderly ladies (Baths) and mythological creatures (Mythopolis) who encounter a critical juncture in life and try to cope with it.
The selection "Hit the Road!" focuses on the subject matters of (not) being and (not) feeling at home, featuring again a great range of characters such as a bunch of immigrant animals from Russia in the Brussels Zoo(Natasha), an introvert boy daydreaming at school (Absent Minded), a man who has to face his inner fears (Bears on the Road), a young guy from Berlin suffering from insomnia (Roadtrip), and many more.
Austrian Cultural Forum – Discussion and Q&A with Tom Brown animation film director
Domino (AUT)
Anna Vasof
Domino is a video, which combines the mechanism of a domino fall with the stop motion animation technique and introduces a new animation technique the "Non-stop stop motion".
About the filmmaker:
Anna Vasof is an architect and media artist. Born in 1985, she studied architecture at the University of Thessaly (2010) and now continues her studies at the University of Applied Arts in Vienna, under the tuition of Brigitte Kowanz in the Transmedia Art class. Since 2004 her videos and short movies have been presented in several festivals, some of them winning distinctions. She's currently working on designing and building innovative mechanisms for producing critical videos.
Patch (GER)
Gerd Gockell
Black, white and all the shades of grey in between: on square, closely hung screens the contrasts begin to flicker. This German-Swiss co-production explores the crossover area between abstraction und perceptibility, and in the process revisits the birth of the moving image.
About the filmmaker:
Gerd Gockell, born in 1960 in Darmstadt, finished his studies at the Hochschule für bildende Künste in Braunschweig/Germany with a diploma in 1987. In 1988, he was a free-lancer with Hessischer Rundfunk. Since 1989 he works with several film productions in London. In 1990, together with Kirsten Winter he founded the anigraf film production. Since 1992 he also works as visiting lecturer, assistant professor and professor. He lives in Lucerne/Switzerland and Hanover.
Baths (POL)
Tomek Ducki
Two elderly swimmers meet at the baths for their ritual swimming. This time they are diving deeper than usual.
About the filmmaker:
Tomek Ducki (1982 Budapest) Studied animation at the Moholy-Nagy Unviersity of Art and Design in Budapest (MOME) and National Film and Television School in London. After freelancing in several European countries he settled down in Poland where he has been collaborating with a couple of studios and artists since 2010. His two most known works are his multi award winning Hungarian graduation film: LIFE LINE (2007), which was also nominated for Cartoon d'or and his music video for Basement Jaxx titled MY TURN (2009). At the moment he is doing his doctoral degree, while preparing his own animated series for adults. From time to time Tomek gives lectures or master classes and also curates animation screenings. For two years he was leading a monthly underground animation club in Krakow called 'Animation Sunday'.
To Thy Heart (POL)
Ewa Borysewicz
He was so handsome, with his jet-black hair, standing by the swing. When he smiled, eyes would stand on end. It was schizophrenic - he was so messed up that she would do whatever he said. She wanted to listen to his sweet-talking, wanted him to talk until the moon was up. Then she stopped pinning her hopes on him. She couldn't let him off so easily for his betrayal. Ewa Borysewicz's animation is a secular litany and a story of affection ending in bitter disappointment, echoing through a tower block estate.
About the filmmaker:
Eva Borysewicz grew up in Poland. In 2009 she graduated from Cracow Academy of Fine Arts and obtained diploma at professor Jerzy Kucia`s Studio of Animated Film. She`s an author of animated shorts, illustrations and drawings. Kto by pomyslal ?, her graduation film, has been selected in many festivals.
Symphony No. 42 (HUN)
Réka Bucsi
Applying an unconventional narrative, the film presents a subjective world view through 47 scenes. The small events, interlaced by associations, express the irrational coherence of our surroundings. The surreal situations are based on the interactions of humans and nature.
About the filmmaker:
Réka Bucsi (Filderstadt, 1988) studied animation at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design in Budapest. Symphony no. 42 is her graduation film. She is currently working on a new short on the Open Workshop Residency Programme in Viborg, Denmark.
Sunny Afternoon (AUT)
Thomas Renoldner
SUNNY AFTERNOON is the confrontation of "kind of" an avant-garde film with "kind of" a music-video, and thus puts questions about the standard taboos and clichés of both "genres". Both avant-garde film and music-video also parodise music and sound "typical for the genre". SUNNY AFTERNOON explores images of reality, representation of reality, illusion and even abstraction and in that way underlines the specific possibilities and meanings of the artistic image in general. SUNNY AFTERNOON is based on the lyrics of a song composed 25 years ago and brings a film-project to an end, which had first started 20 years ago. So of course this is also a reflection about time. SUNNY AFTERNOON is a self-portrait.
About the filmmaker:
Thomas Renoldner was born in 1960 in Linz, Upper Austria. He studied psychology and educational theory at the universities in Innsbruck and Salzburg then later painting and animation film at the Academy of Applied Arts / Vienna. Since the age of sixteen hehas been working in the areas of music, painting, film, installation and performance. Around 2000 he started he started working as a producer of animated films. He holds animation workshops and seminars since 1992, takes part in several research projects about the history of animation in Austria and curates film festivals like ANIMATION AVANTGARDE in Vienna
Teeth (UK)
Tom Brown, Daniel Gray
Things of worth are often neglected in favour of that which might be more immediately gratifying. Unfortunately, the things that are neglected are often lost forever, irreplaceable. This is the story of a man with a misguided and intense focus – one which started in his youth and carried on to old age. His life events are chronicled through the loss of his teeth – and how his obsessive efforts to amend what was damaged bring on yet further destruction.
About the filmmakers:
UK-born directing duo Tom Brown and Daniel Gray met in a Welsh film school in 2003. Their graduation film, "t.o.m." won numerous awards in 2007 and they have been working together ever since, under the name Holbrooks. Working across continents and time zones, Tom and Dan work together from New York and Budapest on commercials, short films, and art.
DISCUSSION and Q&A with Tom Brown animation film director, Director of Teeth
Embracing Lovers (AUT)
Sascha Vernik
A visit to the museum reveals new perspectives on the world within in Egon Schiele's "Seated Male Nude" (1910).
About the filmmaker:
Exploring the many concepts of reality in various forms of media, Sascha Vernik strives to shed light on new perceptions. Coming from a background as a fine art painter having graduated from the University of Applied Arts Vienna he is heading towards cinematic storytelling as an animator, storyboard artist, writer and director. He has been working for clients like Red Bull Media House, OMV, Jerkfilms, Fischerfilm and Neuer Österreichischer Trickfilm. Currently, he is writing his first feature script.
I Love Hooligans (NLD)
Jan Dirk Bouw
A football hooligan feels unconditional love for his club. However, being gay, he has to hide his identity. A story of unconditional love.
About the filmmaker:
Jan-Dirk (Amsterdam, Netherlands) studied Art & Graphic Design at the HKU (Utrecht, Netherlands) and Communication & Design at the School of Communication and Arts, London. In 2005 he studied scenario writing for documentaries at the Dutch Media Academy / Santberg Institute. In 2010 he was selected for the Binger Filmlab Docucoach program led by Heddy Honigmann. Jan-Dirk (co)directed various short films (independent and commercials) in the UK and the Netherlands. He wrote several articles on social engaged topics for current affair magazines, like Newsweek, Vrij Nederland and AD Magazine. In 2001 he wrote his first documentary scenario. From 2007 my main focus is on scenario writing, directing and producing documentaries.
Leftover (HUN, FRA)
Tibor Bánóczki, Sarolta Szabó
What does it mean eating alone in human society? Showing moments of six different lives, this animated anthology film seeks answer for this question. Remains of food, remains of human relationships
About the filmmakers:
Domestic Infelicity is a multi-award winner art formation founded by Sarolta Szabo and Tibor Banoczki. After studying at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design Budapest, Hungary they moved to London, where Tibor was graduated from the National Film and Television School with Animation Direction MA, while Sarolta has graduated from the Royal College of Art, with an MA in Photography. Currently they are working on various animation short and feature film projects as well as photography projects.
Veronika Obertová & Michaela Čopíková
A story of a timid boy and woodland girl who are both connected and separated by fear. They develop a strong bond which becomes almighty in their fantasy world. But as friendship turns to love, fear arrives, and has an unexpected form. Overcoming fear and finding a common journey will not be easy. It will be difficult.
About the filmmakers:
Veronika Obertová and Michaela Čopíková a.k.a. Ové Pictures is a duo of slovak filmmakers. Ové Pictures or as they refer to it, the eternal children of crayons was founded in 2010 in Bratislava, Slovakia. As they say: "We established Ove Pictures to create what we love the most. We create works of art that bring joy to us and others. We love traditional animation techniques, drawing, handmade production, the original approach, bold visual solutions and mature cheese." They create animation, music videos, projections, illustrations and motion design.
SVA Theater – Discussion and Q&A with Amid Amidi animation journalist and film historian
Mythopolis (CZE)
Alexandra Hetmerova
Legendary characters from the Greek mythology live their lives and solve their problems in today´s world.
About the filmmaker:
Alexandra Hetmerová (1986) is a Czech illustrator, animator and director. She graduated in animation from FAMU. During her studies she completed an internship at the Estonian Academy of Arts in Tallinn and focused her graduation work on Estonian animation. She's worked as a program organizer for the Anifilm festival in Třeboň. She directed the short animated films Allergy (Alergie, 2008), Swimming Pool (Bazén, 2010), Kosťák (2010), and Mythopolis (2013).
Black Seed (EST, ITA)
Francesco Rosso
A middle-aged siberian man living in a windy steppe, his life suddenly change due to a strange guest. Absurdity and realism are combined together into a small wooden cabin where there's no room for hope. Black Seed is entirely made frame by frame with oil paint on glass, each frame is repainted deleting the previous one with a total of 4093 different stills.
About the filmmaker:
Francesco Rosso (b. Piove di Sacco, 1987), animator based in Estonia. He is researching traditional under the camera techniques, investigating both narrative and experimental independent film-making.
Age of Curious (HUN, UK)
Luca Tóth
A surreal growing of age story about three young teenagers, who face with their inner wildness through the dream-like path.
About the filmmaker:
Luca Tóth lives in Budapest, Hungary. She studied animation at Moholy-Nagy University of Arts and Design where she graduated from in 2011. She finished her studies at the Royal College of Art's Animation Master course in London in 2013. She started to work in animation during her last year in high-school. She loves the unlimited possibilities that animation offers for visual storytellers. She loves the work of Igor Kovalyov, Wes Anderson and Michel Gondry.
Bears on the Road (NLD)
Nadia Meezen
Theo enjoys nothing more than driving around in his little yellow car. One day a bear on the road causes him to get in a car crash. He realises that he has to tame his inner bears in order to get his life back.
About the filmmaker:
Nadia Meezen is an animator and illustrator from the Netherlands. She graduated from the Willem de Kooning Academy in Rotterdam in 2014, with her short film Bears on the Road (Beren op de Weg).
Roadtrip (GER)
Xaver Xilophon
Julius can't sleep. To get his head empty he decides to go on a roadtrip, but somehow he can't manage to leave. A hand drawn film about failure, insomnia, a red motorbike, pretty bargirls, the desolateness of Berlin (even in summer) and waterproof socks.
About the filmmaker:
Xaver Xylophon is a 28 year old freelance animator, illustrator and filmmaker. He studied visual communication at the London College of Communication and the University of the arts Berlin Weißensee. "Roadtrip" is his graduation film. His work as a freelance animator and director include projects for clients such as the New York Times and the British National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). In his free time Xaver develops his own animated short films. Currently he lives and works in Berlin.
DISCUSSION and Q&A with Amid Amidi animation journalist and film historian
Amid Amidi has worked in the animation industry in a number of capacities. For four years, he worked for the animation company Spümcø, where he served as the production manager. Between 1998 and 2006, he published nine print issues of Animation Blast, a publication that featured interviews and biographies of numerous animation legends, including Iwao Takamoto, Gene Hazelton, Pete Alvarado, Ed Benedict, Tom Oreb, Jim Tyer and John Dunn. In 1998, Animation World Magazine hired Amid to become the associate editor of their publication, which was the first monthly electronic magazine devoted to animation. On multiple occasions, he has served as an expert witness on character and production design for DreamWorks Animation. He launched Cartoon Brew in March 2004 in partnership with Jerry Beck. In September 2008, they launched Cartoon Brew TV, an exclusive on-line showcase for the world's finest contemporary animated shorts.He became sole owner of Cartoon Brew in February 2013.
He is the official biographer of Oscar-winning animation director and jazz bandleader Ward Kimball, and the youngest recipient of the Theatre Library Association Award which he received for the book Cartoon Modern: Style and Design in 1950s Animation (2006, Chronicle Books). He also has written The Art of Pixar: The Complete Color Scripts and Select Art from 25 Years of Animation for Pixar; The Art of Robots for 20th Century Fox about the making of the Fox/Blue Sky computer animated feature Robots; A Sketchy Past: The Art of Peter de Sève; and edited and designed the book Inside UPA, a compilation of unpublished photographs from the legendary UPA Animation Studios.
On the Other Side of the Woods (EST)
Anu-Laura Tuttelberg
Fairytale full of light, magic and nostalgia. A clay doll awakens her surroundings that become a surreal world in constant flow of change. Shot with natural light the visible changes of daylight emphasize the passing of time in the film.
About the filmmaker:
Anu-Laura Tuttelberg received her MA degree in animation at Estonian Academy of Arts in 2013. Her first animation project, Fly Mill ("Kärbeste veski", 2012) a puppet film was her graduation film. Fly Mill had great success at festivals and won several awards. Anu-Laura is based in Tallinn, she works as a freelance artist, making set designs for puppet films and short stop motion animations at animation studios. She also teaches puppet animation at the Estonian Academy of Arts. She is inspired by photography, old toys, porcelain dolls, historical architecture and interior design.
The Incredibly Elastic Man (POL)
Karolina Specht
It is a story of a man without shape. Given this ephemeral body he is constraint to deal with the people, things and places that are constantly shaping him. Can one live completely detached from others, from reality? Who and what decides of who we are in the end?
About the filmmaker:
Karolina Specht was born in 1991 in Bydgoszcz, Poland. She graduated from Secondary School of Fine Arts in Bydgoszc and currently an animation and special effects student at The Polish National Film, Television and Theatre School in Lodz. She is an animator and graphic designer.
Spell Breaker (NLD)
Janis Joy Epping & Diana van Houten
A fairytale and horror story in a paint-on.glass animation. By greed two friends change into monsters. An apocalyptic fight brings death to an unexpected victim.
About the filmmakers:
Diana van Houten and Janis Joy Epping met in the academy of arts in Utrecht in 2006, where they received their Illustration in Communicative Design diploma in 2010. After working together for years they became quite inseparable as artists. They made their debut as animation directors and animators with their film, Spell breaker, which premiered in March 2013 at the Holland Animation Film Festival in Utrecht.
Diana is currently working as a freelance illustrator and preparing a new animation project with her fellow colleague and painting soul mate Janis Joy. She loves telling stories in a suggestive, mysterious way, revealing dark emotions that often seem to cling to her work. Subjects she likes to work with are animals in relation to humans, nature, society and psychology.
Janis Joy is currently working as a freelance illustrator, graphic designer and animator. Through her animation work with her great friend and colleague Diana, she found that her passions mainly consist of creating esoteric stories, character designs and chromatic studies for atmosphere. Her topics vary from the fantastic and enigmatic to everyday social and cultural issues. Janis Joy works in Amsterdam as a freelance illustrator & designer as well as an animator.
Vol au vent (BEL)
Isabel Bouttens
Somewhere in an autumn park, a boy throws a paper plane up into the air. The wind swiftly carries it along. Meanwhile the boy counts how long it can stay up in the air. From now on, the old lady is keeping an eye on him.
About the filmmaker:
Isabel Bouttens (°1979) studied animation at KASK in Ghent, Belgium. She draws animation films and illustrations in an individualistic style and atmosphere. Isabel always searches for a poetic and atmospheric way to tell a story. Her films have been selected and screened at film festivals all over the world.
Ham Story (CZE)
Eliška Chytková
An animated story about the grey, everyday ordinariness of life. A story about imagination, held in chains for so long, now released with all its might. About an innocent children's game of playing God.
About the filmmaker:
Eliška was born in 1988. After graduating from Grammar School of Art and Design in Brno she has studied animation at the Tomas Bata University in Zlín where she graduated from in 2012 with graduation movie, Ham story (O šunce). She hasnumerous animated short films, like Inhaler (Dejchátko), Lady Midday (Polednice) and Douche day (Den debil). Currently she is working on her Master Degree in animation and working on her next film. Apart from animation, she also illustrates books and draws comics.
Natasha (BEL)
Roman Klochkov
The Russian bear Nicolaï immigrated to Europe to prove to the love of his life (his beautiful ex wife Natasha) that he's not a loser. During the day he works as a bear in the zoo, in the evenings he tries to forget his problems by playing the piano. Immigrants come and go, and one day a certain Gennady arrives at the zoo. He turns out to be the new husband of Nicolaïs unforgettable love, Natasha... A film about a bear and the love of his life...
About the filmmaker:
Roman graduated from KASK (Hogeschool Ghent) in 2006 with the highest honors in Audiovisual Arts (animation).His grad film 'Administrators' was selected for Annecy in 2007 and also for more than 50 international film festivals and has won several awards. His second project was 'Natasha' that was nominated for "Cartoon d'Or' in 2012. His one-minute short 'Peace'from 2014 was screened at Short Film Corner in Cannes and at MoMA in New York just to name a few. He works as an independent artist in animation, illustration and education in Ghent, Belgium.

subset: commoncrawl


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This course is held in English and group size is restricted to 14 PhD students.
Mark Edwards
A systematic exploration of how to improve your written style in English for scientific and academic purposes. Taught by an experienced native-speaker, you will learn solid techniques to increase the perceived importance of your words, plus gain a wealth of 'quick tips' developed over twenty-five years of professional practice. Learn about:
12.7. und 13.7. 2017, jeweils 9.30 bis 16.30
12.07.2017 - 13.07.2017
Raum L115 im Seminarzentrum (Erdgeschoss)
Rost- und Silberlaube der Freien Universität
Habelschwerdter Allee 45 14195 Berlin


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Is finding MUGEN to be more enjoyable to play when you're not wearing clothes an underrated opinion?
whores need to learn to keep their legs closed.
Heaven is just a prostitute without clothes.
Reading old feedback to warnings shit is such a nostalgia trip wtf.
There's plenty of em in this thread.
youtube embedding in this forum has several issues1: can't post a video by itself, you must include some amount of text (even a single period will suffice)2: no button to automatically add the youtube tags3: specifying a starting time for the video doesn't work4: it does not automatically ban you if you post a five nights at freddy overreaction video


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It's far from a sure thing. Despite optimism about the cable and wind projects, numerous issues remain to be carefully assessed. Local opposition to truly massive wind energy projects could be significant on Lanai, which has become a get-away-from-it-all destination for wealthy mainlanders. A venture fund founder with a home on Lanai was quoted last year as saying, "I am not going to live on an island that's the biggest wind farm in the Pacific." Long-time local residents are no less resistant.
Molokai residents are known for their determined opposition to anything that would transform the nature of their island. They've successfully blocked port calls by cruise ships and high-end home development projects, placing environmental and cultural protection ahead of potential economic benefits.
Too Cheap for Meters?
The impacts study itself will cost $2.9 million in federal stimulus funds, and the cable's cost is estimated today at $1 billion, which will be covered over time by Oahu's electric customers. Big Wind is seen as a key element in Hawaii's effort to replace fossil fuel for electrical generation (currently around 78%) with renewable energy, and there's considerable enthusiasm for Big Wind.
Who's on First?
We also wonder about what the impact will be on other potential renewable resources after 400 MW of wind power are locked in and plugged into Oahu's grid with a billion-dollar cable. NOAA is gearing up to regulate and promulgate rules for the first ocean thermal energy conversion demonstration projects (see Honolulu meeting notice), and it's looking more certain than ever that Hawaii will see a pilot plant this decade. We even heard last week at the State-sponsored Clean Energy Day that the next US Navy budget will have $250 million in it for OTEC R & D.
Ocean energy is another decade or more away from making significant contributions here, but it's worth asking now what the dynamic would be if a baseload energy source like OTEC were ready for development after an intermittent source like Big Wind already is online.
Both OTEC and Big Wind have a long arduous path before they're in place, so let's just leave it like this: We'd be more comfortable with the cable/Big Wind project if there were an equal commitment and push behind building Hawaii's first ocean thermal conversion plant. In light of the significant issues Big Wind faces, let's be sure OTEC gets its due in the years ahead. Hawaii will need a lot of energy eggs in its basket to get off oil.


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RarMe for MacFree
Publisher's Description
RarMe is an AppleScript Studio application that uses the command line utility 'rar' (http://www.rarlab.com/) to create RAR archives. In order to use RarMe you must download and install 'rar'.
RarMe 0.3 is developed for use on OS X 10.4, but should work fine on 10.3 and 10.2.


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I have enjoyed your blog for some time and have utilized quite a few of your Irish (Jacobite) flags over the last year or so. I am finishing up a few more units of Jacobite foot, soon to morph into a full Irish Brigade of the War of the Spanish Succession. Currently I have 3 Irish Brigade battalions (each about 32 strong on 15mm frontages).
I am planning to complete another 6 - 8 French / Irish / Swiss battalions and 2 more English, 1 more Danish, and a Huguenot battalion. I will do another 4 cavalry squadrons per side. Most of my figures are Dixons, Essex and Foundry, but I will finish this project with fairly inexpensive pewter Old Glory Marlburians (about $1.00 a figure - US manufacturer), and very cheap plastic Wargames Factory Marlburians (4 packs infantry / 4 packs cavalry). I hope the Wargames factory figures don't look out of place - but the price is pretty good.
My true megalomaniac moment will be when I actually set up my Napoleonics on a giant battlefield. My collection in glass cases upstairs (not in the messy basement) comprises about 60 French / allied battalions (6 cavalry squadrons) vs. 30 English / allied battalions (6 cavalry squadrons). My infantry units are 36-48 strong, cavalry squadrons are 12 strong. This is why my wife banned me from e bay 3 years ago!!!!"
I'm sure you'll all agree that's a mighty fine collection and would grace any gaming table, I'd like to thank Tish for sharing his pics with me and your good selves. He also explained that he's looking for a new club, he in the Toronto area, so if there are any Canadians out there who fancy a game, drop me a line and I'll pass on your details.


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DesignBranch is here to make your product ideas a reality. We work with established manufacturers and entrepreneurs to improve the marketplace. Our clients bottom lines matter to us, profitable products benefit everyone.
Bring Design Branch a problem, we will find your solution.
It is our job to exceed our client's expectations.
With nearly 20 years in product design and development, we have the contacts and the understanding to develop profitable products. We listen. Products we have worked on are spread across the globe in retailers like Lowes, Home Depot, Amazon, and Bed Bath and Beyond. Our designers names are listed on over 40 patents.
Whatever your product needs might be, we are here to help.


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Carl.robitaille needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 7 designs submitted by 2 freelance designers.
Profit Technologies
We provide varied IT services to small and medium-sized companies. We specialize in taking existing data which companies have and create actionable information from that data. Typically, that means producing reports and charts, organizing customers data systems or working with customers on analysis of their data.
The attached sketch is obviously a rough idea.
I am open to other designs.
The "tagline" can be a separate or integrated item.
!!!! Addition: After the 's' in Technologies', please add: .co
Probably should be somewhat smaller than the other letters.
This is because I want to be sure people know it's not .com and I want to bring that into the logo.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Libra Fellowships
Supporting leaders of tomorrow
The Libra Group Fellowships seek to support the leaders of tomorrow by funding selected students in further and higher education.
In the USA we support the McCain Institute by offering professional experience to participants in the institute's Next Generation Leaders Programme. This leading centre for research and action in national security and foreign policy was founded by Senator John McCain and is focused on maximizing the ability of leaders to make enlightened decisions in pursuit of American and global interests.
Funding for selected students in further and higher education."
In Greece we have made a commitment to fund 25 students per annum on the MBA program at the Athens University of Economics and Business. We are proud to be supporting students at a centre of excellence with a strong track record for developing business leaders.
We also support a visiting doctors' programme at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, one of the world's leading research universities dedicated to advancing both students' knowledge and the state of human knowledge through research and scholarship. We are funding carefully chosen Greek physicians or biomedical investigators to undertake research fellowships at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland, before returning to medical practice or academia in Greece.
In 2015 the Grace Hotels Scholarships at Cornell University were announced through the American College of Greece. The scholarships are funded by the Grace Foundation and cover part of the tuition for two International Tourism and Hospitality Management students at the American College of Greece who wish to attend Cornell's School of Hotel Administration.


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I just upgraded to Yosemite last night, and Swift Publisher 3 now crashes on opening each time. It remains open for a matter of seconds before crashing, so that I can't try anything to keep it operative.
Unfortunately, I started an important newsletter for an organization, and now I can't complete it. I'm going to try to work with it on a friend's iMac who hasn't updated yet, but I enjoy your program and would like to continue using it instead of switching to iStudio.
When will this issue be addressed in an update? Thank you.
Crash problem with Yosemite.
4 posts • Page 1 of 1
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- New member
- Posts: 2
- Joined: October 18th, 2014, 9:45 am
Re: Crash problem with Yosemite.
Thanks for getting back to me by email. Turns out that a document became corrupted due to improper shutdown of the program when I was upgrading to Yosemite. Not an issue with Swift Publisher itself.
- New member
- Posts: 3
- Joined: April 3rd, 2009, 11:31 am
Re: Crash problem with Yosemite.
I have the same problem...don't think mine is due to a corrupted file because the only way I can open SP2 is to click on a previously created spub file, then work from there.
Swift Publisher 2.3.9
Swift Publisher 2.3.9
- Member
- Posts: 7241
- Joined: July 6th, 2006, 3:13 am
- Location: Odessa, Ukraine
- Contact:
Re: Crash problem with Yosemite.
Swift Publisher 2 is incompatible with OS X 10. You need to update the program to version 3.
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MacMurray's on-campus programs are the basis of our traditional college experience. Undergraduate students who elect to study on campus can choose from MacMurray's many majors and pre-professional programs, strong programs that are particularly career-oriented.
No matter your major, your MacMurray education will include opportunities for hands-on learning that prepares you for real-world situations. You might find yourself doing an internship with a local business, collecting scientific samples from the field, volunteering with a local service organization, or even helping protect local communities from flooding. MacMurray offers any number of experiences that will prepare you for what's next after college.


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Paris scales back New Year celebrations after November attacks
Date created : Latest update :
Authorities in Paris have cancelled the New Year's fireworks display on the Champs-Elysées, opting instead for a video show, as the French capital prepares to mark the event in an "atmosphere of sobriety" following the November 13 attacks.
Security has been tightened across Paris with around 11,000 soldiers, police and emergency workers -- 2,000 more than last year -- to be deployed during subdued celebrations, according to a statement released by the Paris mayor's office.
"We have decided to mark the New Year in an atmosphere of sobriety and togetherness," Mayor Anne Hidalgo said on the official city website.
Following a deadly year that began with the January 7 "Charlie Hebdo attacks" and wound down with the November 13 attacks -- which killed 130 people -- city authorities were initially torn over whether to scrap the "Réveillon," as the French call December 31.
In the end, city officials decided to go ahead with scaled-back celebrations.
Sobriety on the world's 'most beautiful' avenue
Fireworks are not a traditional part of the celebrations in Paris, but over the past few years, hundreds of thousands have gathered on the world-famous Champs-Elysées thoroughfare to watch a fireworks display.
Instead of a fireworks show, this year's New Year festivities will feature a sound-and-light show at the Arc de Triomphe, which will start at 11:50pm and will be cut to ten minutes, as opposed to last year's 20. The main objective is to avoid large crowds gathering for too long. Large screens will transmit the spectacle, and while the Champs-Elysées will be closed to car traffic as usual, circulation will be restored sooner than in previous years.
"Tourists and residents alike will as usual be able to meet on what we know as the most beautiful avenue in the world, but this year, sobriety is here. There won't be a big show, and the fireworks are cancelled," the site said.
The sale and use of fireworks in the Paris region will be banned for the night, police said, as well as takeaway alcoholic drinks and any drinks in glass bottles.
'Vigilance should not stop the celebrations'
France has been on a heightened security alert since the January 7 attacks and following the November 13 assaults, with the government implementing an unprecedented state of emergency.
French Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian said security has been furthered tightened across the country for the December 31 celebrations. "Everything is being done for France's New Year's celebrations to go well. But we have to stay extremely vigilant. The threats are still there, there are still risks," said Le Drian. "I think that never before have we had such extensive measures in place to protect the French people, be it from the police, the gendarmerie, and the military who are putting these security measures in place."
Speaking to reporters days before the year-end celebrations, Le Drian noted that the deployment of security personnel across the country was already bigger than any French deployments abroad.
"It's bigger than in Mali, bigger than in the Central African Republic, bigger than in the Middle East, but it's the same fight, it's the same enemy. It is at home as well as abroad," he said.
"We have to be very vigilant, but that vigilance should not stop the celebrations."
Tight security from Austria to Russia
Amid increasing Islamic State (IS) group threats across the world, security has been a prime concern for authorities in the Middle East, Asia and Europe.
In Belgium, the traditional fireworks display in Brussels has been cancelled due to security fears.
In Russia, Moscow's Red Square, traditionally a place where people gather to ring in the New Year, will be closed to revellers on December 31 while the Austrian capital of Vienna has also beefed up security ahead of the celebrations.
In Turkey, meanwhile, officials said two suspected IS group militants were planning to stage suicide bombings in the centre of the capital Ankara, which is expected to be packed with revellers on the night of December 31. The two suspects were arrested Tuesday.
Turkey has been on a high security alert since October, when two suicide bombers blew themselves up in a crowd of peace activists in Ankara, killing 103 people in the worst attack in the country's modern history.
(FRANCE 24 with AFP and REUTERS)


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ALABEL, Sarangani (March 1, 2017) – Governor Steve Chiongbian Solon comforts Capitol employee Ma. Luisa Bibat as she breaks down in tears during the tribute service for the late Governor Priscilla L. Chiongbian on February 22. Known as the mother of Sarangani, Mrs. Chiongbian died at the age of 95 on February 12 in Manila. Bibat or "Iyay" was one of the close-in former employees of Mrs. Chiongbian. (Kim Tiblani /PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR'S OFFICE)
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I hereby apply to be admitted as a Member of the Institute of Medical Illustrators. I have read the Institute's Code of Conduct and I agree to abide by and uphold it's principles. I agree to pay my annual subscription on demand and declare that the information submitted in respect of my application is a true statement of fact.
Complete the form to apply for Professional Membership to the Institute.
Professional Membership is for those engaged in medical illustration and who hold a professional qualification approved by Council. Professional Members are entitled to use the letters MIMI after their name.
The Membership Committee require your professional details and educational qualifications to grant membership to anybody applying.
Professional Membership fee is £96 per year
Newly qualified Members pay discounted fees for the first two years following qualification
Year 1 - £63, Year 2 - £87
You will only be required to send payment, should your application be successful. Payment can be made through the website, by cheque, BACS or we can invoice you employer.
The institute may require copies of certificates and qualifications. These will need to be posted separately to:
Clinical photography, design and video in healthcare


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|black forest cupcakes
Some years ago I had spotted a jar of black cherries soaked in kirsch at my beloved papa's pad. Typically while visiting Henry there will be some point when I rearrange his kitchen shelves and cupboards (putting like things with like things, so that he doesn't end up with 17 jars of opened olives, for example) and I root through his fridge, binning anything that looks as if it might be about to launch a bid for freedom - items that are unusually blue or furry.
Henry tolerates this with some fond amusement and not a little pity, assuring me that at 81 he's not dead yet. But I don't want to take the chance, so every few months anything quite clearly past it's use-by date gets hauled down to his compost bins.
I have enormous sympathy for his cleaning lady, Pat. It's a pretty thankless task; every week, the poor woman cleans out Henry's fridge and puts out on the kitchen counter everything she thinks should be discarded. Henry smiles and says that yes he'll check through her finds just to make sure. Of course, as soon as she leaves, he just wrestles the whole lot back in the fridge. I have the luxury of being his daughter, being bossy and not being prepared to accept any patriarchal prevaricating. So if it looks like a science project then its days here are done!
Of course, that doesn't prevent me from necessarily throwing every thing out. Eagle-eyed Kelly (that would be me) had realised that the afore-mentioned boozy jar of cherries had been bottled in 2005 and clearly Henry had forgotten they were there. Further reorganisation of his shelves brought to the light another jar of boozy cherries, these ones steeped in brandy. Use-by date was 2003. This was one of those times when a session in Henry's kitchen made me feel like an archaeologist exploring stratification through dateable excavation. But I brightened at the knowledge that at least I had a good home for these preserved fruits as well as plans for the rather pretty jars that they came in.
Which is why, when I decided to bake my friend Emma something chocolaty to mark the end of Lent (she'd given up chocolate for the duration), I thought that making boozy chocolate-cherry cupcakes with a bit of a Black Forest Cake vibe, might be suitably celebratory. Booze, chocolate and luscious black cherries, vanilla buttercream icing . . . what's not to like?
Makes about 14 to 16 (or double that number if making smaller cakes)
Skill level: Easy
120g good quality dark chocolate (use one with at least 70% cocoa solids)
90g butter, at room temperature
175g golden caster sugar (I use home-made vanilla sugar)
2 x large eggs, separated
150g plain flour
40g cocoa powder
3/4tsp baking powder
3/4tsp bicarbonate of soda
a pinch of salt, optional (use if using unsalted butter)
250ml semi-skimmed milk, at room temperature - replace 2 tbsps of the milk with the kirsch
1 tsp good quality vanilla essence
cherries soaked in kirsch, drained
vanilla buttercream icing
120g butter, at room temperature
500g icing sugar, sifted
1 tsp good quality vanilla essence
4 tbsp semi-skimmed milk (or 1 tbsp of milk with kirsch)
chocolate cherries
50g dark chocolate (use one with at least 70% cocoa solids)
cherries soaked in kirsch (see above)
- Preheat the oven to 180C / Gas Mark 4.
- Line a 12-hole muffin tin with muffin cases. (Using cases means that they keep their shape when baking)
- Drain the cherries into a sieve, reserving the kirsch.
- Melt the chocolate in your preferred way, either in a bowl over a saucepan of boiling water (making sure that the bowl does not touch the eater) or in the microwave. I heat the chocolate in the microwave in 30 second bursts on High, shaking or stirring the bowl each time until the chocolate has melted. Set aside to cool slightly.
- Begin by creaming the butter and then adding the sugar and beating until pale and smooth. (I use a hand-held mixer which may take a little longer than a full-blown electric mixer.
- Separate the eggs into separate bowls.
- Lightly beat the egg yolks and add to the creamed butter and sugar. Beat well to ensure that it is well mixed.
- Add the slightly cooled chocolate to this mixture and beat again until well mixed in.
- Combine the milk, vanilla essence and kirsch if using, then beat this into the chocolate batter.
- Sift together the flour, cocoa, baking powder, bicarbonate of soda and the salt (if using).
- Spoon about a quarter of the flour mixture into the chocolate batter mixture and beat well. Continue to add the flour, beating well after each addition.
- Now whisk the egg whites until soft peaks have formed. (If using the blender, ensure that you are using clean whisks or beaters.)
- Using a large metal spoon, fold the egg whites into the cake mixture. (Using a metal soon means that you don't knock the air out of the mix while stirring in the egg whites).
- The muffin cases need to be filled about two-thirds full. After spooning in the batter, drop a drained cherry into each case and ensure that it is covered with a little of the cake batter.
- Bake the cupcakes on a middle shelf in the oven for about 20 minutes. They may take up to 25 minutes, depending on how hot your oven is. If making mini cupcakes, they will cook much more quickly - between 12 and 15 minutes. Check for browning after two thirds of the cooking time.
- Leave to cool in the tins for about 10 minutes, before removing the cupcakes and placing on a wire rack to cool fully.
- Make the chocolate cherries by first lining a baking tray with greaseproof baking parchment.
- Melt more dark chocolate and add enough of the drained cherries to make a topping for each cupcake. I tend to add a few more that actually needed, because some have a more pleasing appearance. Any left over are this cook's treat! Stir the cherries until they are well-coated and glossy with chocolate. Using a wooden cocktail stick or skewer, pick out each cherry and lay on the baking parchment. Leave to cool and for the chocolate to harden.
- Make the buttercream icing by first sifting all of the icing sugar.
In a large bowl beat together half of the icing sugar together with the butter, vanilla essence and the milk (and kirsch if using). Add the rest of the icing sugar a little at a time until the buttercream is creamy and smooth. If the icing is too stiff to pipe, then you may need to let it down with a little more of milk. However, if it is too runny, then continue to beat as this will thicken the icing.
- Ice the cupcakes and top each with chocolate-coated cherry.
- The icing can be stored in an airtight container in the fridge of about 5 days, but you will need to bring back to room temperature and beat it up again before using.
- If you don't want to use cherries that have been preserved in alcohol, then used a good quality cherry jam, such as Bonne Maman.
- Adding 2 tablespoons of cocoa to the buttercream will make a chocolate icing.


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Rally Downtown in Solidarity with CUPE 3903 on Strike at York University
Fight against the Casualization and Devaluation of Educational Work
On Nov. 6th Contract Faculty, Teaching and Graduate Assistants at York University walked out.
December 3rd will be Day 28 of our strike.
We are calling on all unions, allies & supporters to come out to show your solidarity on:
Wednesday December 3rd, 1pm Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities 900 Bay St. (Bay and Wellesley) Toronto
For updates and online action visit: www.3903strike.ca