text:
Mr Philip firstname.lastname@example.com
University of Roehampton, United Kingdom
I am currently undertaking a PhD at The University of Roehampton concerning the identification of phenotypic traits related to individual quality in seabirds. This work largely focuses on kittiwakes, with scope for extension to other species.
My research interests include seabird physiology, distributions, and behaviour. I particularly value the application of novel technology in furthering understanding of at sea movements and behaviours. Having completed a Master's in Marine biology at The University of Southampton, I also have a strong interest in relating seabird physiology to the environmental and ecological settings within which they function.
Previous experience includes a research assistantship with the Oxford Navigation group based on Skomer Island, Wales. This involved tracking numerous breeding seabirds through GPS and geolocator devices. I was also involved in the 2011 census of breeding Manx Shearwaters on Skomer Island.
Perrins, C.M., Wood, M.J., Garroway, C.J., Boyle, D., Oak, N., Revera, R., Collins, P. and Taylor, C. (2012) A whole-island census of the Manx Shearwaters Puffinus puffinus breeding on Skomer Island in 2011. Seabird. 251–13.


text:
We made it to the anthropology museum this week.
The museum is pleasant enough - the archaeology the on ground floor is interesting, and the ethnography on the first floor is fantastic
but maybe,
just maybe,
my favorite part of the museum is the gigantic, mushroom like structure placed in the center plaza; water falls from the roof and drains through the floor.
Of course running through the cascade is strictly prohibited . . . but that doesn't mean we can't get

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BSNL Recruitment 2016 Apply Online for 40 Diploma & Graduate Engineer (Apprentices) Vacancies: BSNL Diploma Engineer/ Graduate Engineer Recruitment announced. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Guwahati has issued a recruitment notification for the recruitment of Apprentices Engineer Posts in BSNL Assam Circle. Online applications are invited for filling up 40 Graduate Engineer and Diploma Engineer vacancies in BSNL Guwahati.
Eligible and interested candidates may submit their application on or before 31st March 2016. Further details like age limit, educational qualification, Recruitment fee, how to apply, selection process and online application form are given below…
BSNL Apprentice Vacancy Details:
Organization Name: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
Total Number of Vacancies: 40 Posts
Name of the Posts:
- Deputy Graduate Engineer: 07 Posts
- Diploma Engineer: 14 Posts
Eligibility Criteria:
Age Limit: Candidates age should be between 18 years to 30 years as on 31-03-2016. Refer to official notification for post wise age limitation.
Educational Qualifications: Candidates must possess the qualification of B.E/B.Tech degree from a recognized engineering college / university in Telecommunication, Electronics, Radio, Computer, Electrical Engineering, IT (Information Technology) Instrumentation or M.Sc (Electronics)/M.Sc.(Computer Science) from a recognized institution/university. Refer to notification page for more detail.
Application Fee: No application fee to be paid. Read notification for detail.
Selection Process: Selections of candidates will be made on the basis of their performance in Examination and Interview.
Online Application Form: All those candidates who wish to apply for Diploma & Graduate Engineer (Apprentices) posts in Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, they are required to send their application in prescribed format with copies of all relevant certificates, documents to following address on or before 20-02-2016.
DGM (A/HR), O/o the CGM Telecom,
BSNL, Assam Telecom Circle, 3rd Floor, BSNL Bhawan,
Panbazar, Guwahati-781001
Important Dates:
Last Date for Submission of Online Application: 31-03-2016
More Details: Candidates are strongly advised to read official recruitment notification for detailed information about BSNL Recruitment for Diploma & Graduate Engineer post regarding age limit, educational qualifications, last date, pay scale, how to apply and online application form.
Click here for BSNL Recruitment.


text:
The reason and beginning of the adventure'"Hey-o, welcome back. I was soo bored so I made this story.
It's latterly copy-catted from Inuyasha and red riding hood...
Yeah, Those 2...but I turned it to a adventure that lies outside its borders...": elina "Well no need to be judged... and without further ado, the story..."
I suddenly stood in some sort of room totally white when I hear a mysterious yet calming voice calling out to me...
"Who said that?!":Rose
"You're the only one who can save her...":???
"Save who?... And why do you keep calling my name?":Rose
"You will have to go through the land of wolves and into the mountains to grab the Rose of life..." :???
"the land of what now?, and how does a rose have to do with any of 'this'?"
"The rose has the power to grant health to any that need it, and will only let a human with a good heart touch it... but it's guarded by the wolves of the land, the ones that rule the territory..." :???
"... atleast tell me who I have to save" :rose
"You will find out soon enough..." :???
As everything around me turns into ash, I hear yet another voice calling me but this time the voice's familiar...
"Wake up Sleepy-head, breakfast is done. Or else I'll eat your food...":ember
As I wake up slowly I see my little sister Ember, but we just call her emy
Rose: "*sits up straight* *jokenly* You wouldn't dare"
Emy: "*giggles* ow I would. Race ya down-stairs"
We both run down-stairs, but she wins.
Rose: "hey, that wasn't fair, you had a head start"
Emy: "it's your own fault for not waking up earlier *sits down and begins to eat my food with her fork*"
Rose: "*sits down quickly and defenses her food with her fork* fork-fight!"
we both laugh as we defend and fight with our forks like a real sword-fight, She leaves herself open for a few seconds and then I throw her fork away
Emy: "wow, you really became awesome at fork-fighting?"
They both laugh
Mom: "their already going wild this early in the morning aren't they..."
Then suddenly the phone went off and when mother heard voices, she wasn't as cheerfull as she always is... we saw this and asked who that was
Mom: "that... was a doctor, of the hospital... and said, that your grant-mother... was on the verge... of dying......"
Suddenly It felt like a sword went through my chest, that caused me to cry insanely.
Ember didn't know my grant-mother so well so she didn't cry, but I knew she did know that one of my most precious family-members would almost leave, without a good-bye...
Before Emy's mother found me, my grant-mother was all I had.
My father was in war and my own mom didn't want to take care of me... So the only person I could look up to, was her...
Then it hit me what that dream was about, and I ran up to my room to collect all the stuff I needed for the journey... As I did snowy (our husky) looked at me like he knew what was going on and with his face said:
"I will come with you to protect you" I hugged him and started packing,
I grabbed: a green big travel-bag I got from my dad, some warm clothes for the mountains, food and dog-food, bottles water, a brush, rope, a bed-sheet, a map, some money, an old sword (It's was for chopping thin trees) and a picture of my family.
I climbed out of the window and looked at the house one last time and said to snow:
"Well snow, It's time to go..." And started walking towards the mountains...
*Pokemon narrator accent*
"Will our heroes ever find the rose? Will they find friends or foes along the way? Will her grant-mother survive it till then? Who was 'the voice'? Is 'the voice' telling the truth?
I'm asking all these stupid hysterical questions only for you to read all the other chapters,
as the journey continues...
Till then" ^-^


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Who does not get a bit panicky when guests are coming? Relax, open a bottle of white wine, make this yummy Knorr Chicken with Wine and Cream Sauce and drink the rest of the bottle. When guests arrive at your doorstep I guarantee that you will be ready to entertain them and the house will smell divine.
The first time we made this dish was when Sandi Richard came and cooked with us in La Cuisine d'Hélène. You can read all about it here. And in this blog posts I am sharing some pictures that my daughter took that day.
This dish was so good that during the week-end I decided to make it again. When Sandy came my son Mathieu made the dish with his friend Andrew. What I like about this recipe is that your family can get involved in the kitchen. You could prepare all the ingredients the night before and the first person that comes home can start Dinner.
In grocery stores you can find more Knorr What's for Dinner recipes if you look for the Knorr display. Or you could plan your menu looking at the recipes by visiting the Knorr What's for Dinner website.
15 ml olive oil
625g boneless, skinless chicken thighs
1/2 onion, sliced
2 cloves garlic
300g cremini mushrooms, sliced
250 ml white wine
60 ml heavy cream
1 tub Knorr Homestyle Stock Reduced Sodium Chicken
30 ml fresh basil leaves
1- Heat olive oil in a nonstick skillet. Add chicken and brown.
2- Remove chicken and set aside.
3- In the same pan, cook onion until tender, about 2 minutes. Add the garlic, mushrooms and cook, until all vegetables are tender, about 2 minutes.
4- Stir in wine and cream and bring to a boil. Reduce heat to low and simmer until reduced, about 3 minutes. Stir the chicken stock. Add chicken and simmer, covered, until the chicken is cook.
5- To serve: stir in basil. Serve over rice.
In La Cuisine d'Hélène with Sandy:


text:
Customize Scrapy Script
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I need someone to edit an existing Scrapy script and add more functionality. The script is for Amazon quantity scraping.
The current script gets the quantity of units in stock at Amazon and records it to a database. Right now it only works for products that are in the Buy Box (like this product: [url removed, login to view]). I would like to adapt it to work for products that don't have a Buy Box (like this product: [url removed, login to view]).
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text:
The 2012 F1 Abu Dhabi GP will go down as the game-changer of an electrifying season. Three years after he won his last GP, 'Iceman' Kimi Raikkonen powered the Renault-powered Lotus F1 team to their first official win since 1988. Technically, this was the same team that helped Alonso seal his place in history with the 2005 and 2006 Championship victories (formerly known as Renault F1)- but this was their first victory under the name 'Lotus'.
Back in Business
While the focus at the stunningly-lit Yas Marina Circuit at Abu Dhabi was slightly lower down the order on the 2012 Championship contenders, it was Kimi that walked away with a deserved victory after being the most consistent driver this season. It was only a matter of time before Lotus converted their podiums into an outright win, and though it took 17 races in the 2012 F1 season, the timing was impeccable. A bit of luck was always on the plate for the fast-improving outfit, which came in the form of a single frustrated frontrunning McLaren Mercedes driver- for the 5th time in the last 7 races- where one of the two cars failed to reach home. Lewis Hamilton was left twiddling his thumbs after leading for 20 laps, with his car failing him once again- an incident that propelled the Finn into the lead.
The race will most definitely be remembered more so because of a young double World Champion's s best drive of his career, and a storming gritty underperforming Ferrari piling up the pressure at the top. But the most enduring moment at Abu Dhabi last night- Kimi getting irritated with constant updates from his race engineer (about Alonso behind him) and ending the conversation with, 'Leave me alone. I know what I'm doing.' Many a hat tip must have occurred an hour later, because the determined Finn lived up to his words and then betrayed every inch of emotion with a 'Doesn't feel too different. But good for our team.' With such colorless colorful characters in the fray, the 2013 F1 season promises to be the most entertaining in years- with 8 different drivers winning races this season.
While his win pretty much cements 3rd place in the drivers standings, the story of the weekend will be two contrasting battles on Sunday night- where the crowd was treated to a driving masterclass by the two current best drivers of a generation. Sebastian Vettel did not have the best of qualifying sessions, and was relegated to a pitlane start after fuel irregularities in his Red Bull. After starting dead last, and having to pit in the 10th lap once again after damaging his front wing, there was not a hope in hell for the young German to salvage a race that looked far beyond him.
Fortune did its very best to side with him though, with Narain Karthikeyan and Rosberg providing for a spectacular crash to bring out the first safety-car within 4 laps. Vettel stormed his way up 4 places, only to find himself back again by the 10th lap- by now, living on a wing and a prayer- hoping for Alonso to make a mistake instead. But Vettel's confidence is remarkable, and once the safety car made an appearance again after another Grosjean-involved 3-way crash (that took out Webber once and for all), the stage was set for one of the most alarming come-from-behind podium finishes in recent F1 history.
That Alonso did his job and almost pipped Kimi to top spot became a footnote on a night that belonged the, in all probability, the youngest triple-world champion in F1 history. Vettel carved his way expertly through the field to park himself behind a struggling Button in third- before overtaking the Brit and finishing 3 seconds behind the Ferrari. In the longer run, this could be the race that defined an entire season and a Championship race for the ages- a final nail in the coffin for a luckless brave Alonso, after he could only cut Vettel's lead to 10 points with the final two races to go.
If Vettel had acted mortal and stuck to survival instincts last night, Alonso would have probably taken the lead in the drivers standings. But that was not to be, and even the Spaniard might well acknowledge that the miracle he needed flashed before his eyes for 30 laps- before Vettel summoned the Gods of Senna and Schumacher.
'You spray, I drink'
Not for the first time in the 2012 F1 Championship season, the viewers have been left enthralled with this fascinating race to the finish- which could only culminate at Brazil in the final race. And once again, three World Champions stood on the podium- marking the 2012 season with their prints, a final hurrah to a year that has balanced car-superiority with driving-skills favorably, while rescuing a sport that was on the verge of single-domination madness last year.
Onto Austin, Texas for an inaugural race- and what a first impact it could be!


text:
It's that time of the week where I once again demonstrate my lack of shame by putting up another substandard hip hop cover video. The victimized song today is Big Sean's Dance (A$$). I don't really feel that bad desecrating this song since it was pretty poor to begin with. And it was fun to desecrate.
This song is pretty much about Big Sean's obsession with big booties. I'm not sure who advised him to obfuscate the word "ass" in the official title of the song because not even the radio versions feature the lyrics "a-dollar-dollar a-dollar-dollar". It's too bad; that would have been an extremely catchy hook. Speaking of the hook, it features the word "ass" repeated 24 times in a row. Each time. Given that the hook occurs about 3 times and that there are several other isolated asses thrown in here and there, this song features the word close to 80 times. Impressive.
Another fun fact about this song is the lyric "wobbledy-wobbledy". Being as uneducated as I am in the history of hip hop, I thought Big Sean had coined this phrase. Then, I happened to be channel surfing when Fuse TV was playing a Lil Wayne video countdown. The video in question was Juvenile's Back That Ass Up, which I had heard a countless number of times. However, at the end of the video, Lil Wayne broke into a "wobbledy-wobbledy-wo-bo-wobbledy-wobbledy" sequence. Further research yielded the song Drop It Like It's Hot by Lil Wayne that actually features the aforementioned lyric in copious amounts. I hope you learned something new today.
Onto the song!
[youtube En7PObsvl7M nolink]


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Much has been written over the years about the similarity between and compatibility of Marxian sociology and Freudian psychology. Here is not the place to evaluate those claims. Suffice it to say, for now, that both social critique and psychoanalysis have seen better days. Both doctrines have lost whatever pretense they once had to scientific status and today are relegated mostly to the humanities. One is more likely to hear Marx and Freud mentioned in the halls of the academy than shouted in the streets or whispered in clinical settings.
Tomorrow or the next day I plan to post PDFs of the complete works of Wilhelm Reich in English, German, and possibly Spanish. I will perhaps devote a few lines to the question of Marxism and Freudism, to the way each approaches and interprets irrationality. Whether as social ideology or psychopathology, this is their shared concern and primary motivation. Each aims to render that which is unconscious conscious, to master the forces of nature (external or internal) in a more rationally ordered life. "Just as Marxism was sociologically the expression of humanity becoming conscious of the exploitation of a majority by a minority," asserted Reich, "so psychoanalysis is the expression of humanity becoming conscious of the social repression of sex."
Freudian analysis tends to fall back on biological explanations of irrational behavior, whereas Marxist theory places more emphasis on the historical dimension. Yet both of them ultimately fall under the heading of materialism, even if somewhat "idealistic" strains. Psychoanalysis gives too much priority to sexual factors, important though these doubtless are. Vulgar Marxism is quite often guilty of reducing everything to economic factors. Desires and drives are a major part of psychoanalysis, while needs and motivations are a major part of Marxism.
A word about these texts. Korsch's article first appeared in the councilist periodical Living Marxism in February 1938. Its main point of reference, besides Freud's work, is Wilhelm Reich, whose writings were virtually unknown in America at the time. Reuben Osborn's 1937 book on Marx and Freud: A Dialectical Study is also dealt with, but Reich is the one Korsch for the most part has in mind. He is generally appreciative of both Freud, whose postulates about the unconscious Korsch calls a "genuine discovery," as well as Reich's efforts to understand the rise of fascism on its basis. Oddly, Korsch — who by then had long since abandoned Leninism and increasingly considered Marxism a lost cause — had recourse to Lenin's arguments against the Economists in defending Marxist methodology.
Lukács' review of Group Psychology by Sigmund Freud appeared even earlier, in the German communist paper Die rote Fahne [The Red Flag] in 1922. For whatever reason, Lukács never struck me as someone interested in Freud. Victor Serge had described him as "a philosopher steeped in the works of Hegel, Marx, and Freud" in Memoirs of a Revolutionary, so maybe I just forgot. Either way, Lukács makes very clear that he considers Freud "a researcher of integrity," and even after criticizing psychoanalytic interpretations of military psychology insists: "We did not quote this example in order to expose an otherwise meritorious researcher to deserved ridicule." Interesting stuff.
Marxism and psychology
Karl Korsch
Living Marxism
February 1942
In face of the present defeat of the labor movement all over the world, militant workers feel an increasing need for reorientation. The principles of class struggle are subjected to a radical criticism. We plan to formulate and discuss typical trends of such criticism. The following is a characteristic reflection:
The theory of the old labor movement was rational and objectivistic, but the masses do not act according to their clearly intelligible economic needs. The ideologies and not the economic interests seem to be the determining factor in the minds of the masses. It is only realistic to recognize this fact and to create the propaganda and organizational forms which correspond to this knowledge. An inquiry into the real motives of mass conduct, with the objective of finding instruments to control and to guide this conduct, should therefore become a principal part of every theory of class struggle. Psychology seems to have been selected to complete and partly replace the "objective" knowledge Marxism has given us.
Despite their growing influence, a consistent theoretical formulation of these views does not yet exist in American radical literature. In Europe, because of the actual experience of fascism, we find many attempts to "complete" the Marxian theory of class struggle by "social psychology." We take the theory of some exponents of the Freudian School as representative of this theoretical current, because the arguments they give are, so far, the most clearly and uncompromisingly formulated. Though our criticism will be confined to a specific theory, its conclusions extend to the general problem indicated.
For the theories we will discuss originate in these general reflections. They criticize official Marxism for regarding the development of class struggle as mechanically dependent on "economic necessities," and for not sufficiently considering the importance of the subjective factor in history. It is necessary, writes Wilhelm Reich, one of the founders of the so-called Sex-Pol movement, to recognize the "ideologies as material power." In 1932 at least thirty million Germans wanted socialism, nearly the whole country was anticapitalist, yet the victor was fascism, the savior of capitalism. "This is not a socioeconomic problem but one of mass psychology." The "lack of understanding of the psychological factors involved" was one of the chief reasons why the German labor movement organizations were unable to resist fascism (Reuben Osborn). Analytic social psychology is therefore considered "essential to Marxists." It will "raise the quality of revolutionary propaganda and put it on a scientific level."
Analytic social psychology derives its fundamental conceptions and methods from the theory of human consciousness Freud developed as a working basis for his therapy of neuroses.
Freud's genuine discovery concerns the "unconscious." He found that underlying all consciousness is a large part of our mind of which we are unaware under ordinary circumstances. The unconscious contains all kinds of forbidden images and desires. The biological part of personality which expresses itself in the desires, Freud and the greater number of his disciples identify mainly with two drives, one of self-preservation, and the other, a broadly conceived sexual drive, the so-called "libido." Every living being is dominated by the "pleasure principle." He tends to achieve the maximum satisfaction of his impulses. The desires are irrational and amoral. They are not guided by the objective possibilities of fulfillment and have no conception of what is considered right or wrong in society. The "pleasure principle" thus clashes with the "reality principle" a conflict which makes it necessary to give up immediate gratification of the impulses in order to avoid pain.
In contrast to the drives for self-preservation which in the main can be delayed only for a relatively short time, the sexual impulses can be considerably postponed. They can be forced also into the unconscious (repression,) or their objectives can be substituted by other objectives on different spheres of reality (sublimation). While the self-preservation impulses need material means for satisfaction, the needs of what Freud calls the libido can be satisfied through the mechanism of sublimation, for instance by fantasy. The ruling class uses this mechanism in order to give the masses the kind of emotional satisfaction which is socially available. The faculty of the impulses to adapt themselves actively and passively to social conditions is the main concern of this sociopsychological theory. The adaptation is achieved by the rational and mainly conscious parts of the mind, which act as a kind of organizer of the personality.
Freud distinguishes a further aspect of the human mind which he calls the "superego." This conception is one of the most ambiguous parts of his theory, but because it is considered especially important for our problem, we cannot avoid dealing with it here. Freud designates its function mainly as "moral consciousness and the creator of ideals." The superego is regarded as the projection of social authority in the personality, as the introverted external force. The child who grows up in the family encounters the social force in the person of the father. His reason is not developed sufficiently for adaptation; it is not yet able to grasp rationally the possibilities of mastering the hindrances with which its desires conflict. The child erects in himself by identification with the parents an arbitrary authority which he adorns with the attributes of moral power, not subjected to rational judgments. Once the superego is established in the child's personality, it will always be projected on the authorities dominating in society. Man will attribute to the authorities the quality of his own superego and in this manner will make them inaccessible to rational criticism. Thus he will believe in their wisdom and power in a measure totally independent of their actual qualities. The real or propagandized attributes of the authorities in their turn will determine by the same mechanism the content of the superego and become identified with it. Through this process of identification the psychoanalysts explain how religion, the state, leaders and the other social fetishes can have such a tremendous influence. They have the same function in the adult mind the father and mother had in childhood. And, as the helpless child's fear of punishment was the decisive factor in the formation of the superego in that period, so the existence of direct social force is the decisive factor in the growth of the superego and its identification with social authority. The irrational commands of the superego would lose its power, the rational part of the human mind would easily triumph if the physical social force would cease to function.
As the function of the superego can be understood only by delving into the life history of the personality, the general structure of personality is, according to Freud, only understandable by an analysis of the development of instinctual life through which it normally proceeds in its adjustment with family and society. This is another phase of Freud's theory which seems rather strange especially in the condensed form presented here. Only a reproduction of the clinical material would make manifest its empiric proof. The rough outlines of how the psychological forces are traced back to the individual's childhood however, are clear enough. The infant first loves itself, then its parents. Freud characterizes its sexual structure in this second period with reference to King Oedipus, who loved and married his mother. After a stage of homosexuality, the development passes into the genital heterosexuality of the normal adult. But the child may not be sufficiently free of the ties to one of the infantile objects of his sexuality. Either his emotions can be fixated there, or because of unpleasant experiences in later life may regress to one of the earlier emotional states. Most psychoses and abnormal character traits are rooted in the recognition of emotional needs which are not permitted to enter consciousness. They all represent a retreat from reality. The method of psychoanalysis, with its delving into the life history of the patient makes conscious to him the unconscious causes of his neurosis and so helps him overcome it.
Because the main development of the instinctual life takes place in childhood, the research into the psychological structure of the family is one of the chief purposes of the theories discussed here. The roots of morals and religion in man are reduced to the influences of education. The metaphysical character of morals is thus dissolved. The whole ideology of society is reproduced in the child during its first four or five years. The family is understood as the psychological agency of society. It is the factory of ideologies.
The various forms of suppressing its emotional drives in the bourgeois family make the infant timid, susceptible to authority and obedient — in a word, it can be educated.
Through the family authoritarian society produces the authoritarian type of mind. It is the result of an incomplete development of emotional life and a weakness of rational power, both due to repressions in childhood typical of that form of society. The authoritarian attitude is characterized through its different reactions, depending on whether they are directed against a strong or weak individual. If personalities can be roughly divided into two types, of which one is principally aggressive toward those in power and sympathetic to the helpless, and the other is in sympathy with the rulers and aggressive to the oppressed, then the authoritarian type is an obvious representative of the latter. One of its characteristics is to suffer without complaint. But the authoritarian man is ambivalent; he loves and hates his gods simultaneously and thus often rebels blindly against the existing power. His irrational revolt, however, does not change his emotional structure or the structure of society. It merely substitutes a new authority for the old. The real revolutionary personality, as contrasted to the authoritarian type, is rational and open to reality; in other words, represents the full-grown adult who is not governed through a combination of fear of punishment and desire for approbation by paternal authority. His heroism lies in the changing of the material world — the heroism of the authoritarian type in submission to destiny.
The more the contradictions in society grow, the blinder and more uncontrollable the social forces become, the more catastrophes as war and unemployment overshadow the life of the individual, — the stronger and more widespread becomes the emotional structure of the authoritarian personality. Its final abolition is conceivable only in the eradication of the planlessness of social life and the creation of a society in which men order their life rationally and actively.
So the findings of the psychoanalysts show that the planlessness in economics produces and is reproduced by men whose psychic structures are also planless. They are bound and subjected to the ruling class through the unconscious and, therefore, uncontrollable emotional forces, and through the irrational power of the conventional creeds they erected in themselves. Only the diminishing of these irrational ties, the increasing of rationality — can strengthen the ability of men to change the social conditions. Only a kind of propaganda and organization takes this into account will be capable of achieving a real revolutionary effect. As long as the masses tolerate a propaganda made up of ideological slogans and revolutionary organizations built on blind loyalty to leaders, the level of class consciousness necessary for a radical change of the ruling order is not attained.
In considering the psychoanalysts' description of the mind of the individual in capitalism, we see that their findings do not oppose the criticism of society given by the Marxian theory. Because a criticism of psychoanalysis itself is not our concern here, we restrict ourselves to a few remarks on this point. There is no doubt that the superego hypothesis meets many objections. It is sometimes unclear and inconsistent in Freud's own presentation, but it contributes to the investigation in the psychological problem of authority.
The psychogenetic conception of man's personality with its dissolution into a bundle of drives and its obvious simplifications of these drives is also open to criticism. These theoretical weaknesses are due to the fact that the basis of clinical observations on which psychoanalysis has been built is too narrow to interpret the complex human and social activities it undertakes to explain. The practical psychiatrist, in drawing his bold generalizations from a constricted field of observations, often simply extends the intellectual attitude he had toward his patient. This is made possible by the conditions of our society which present a picture similar to the abnormal case in psychiatry. This abnormality of society which the Freudians with their method of inquiry find reflected in the individual, is the subject of Marxian analysis.
However, the conclusions of the psychoanalytic theory as we developed them here are not accepted by the overwhelming majority of its adherents. Neither Freud nor most of his disciples maintain these viewpoints. Because they accept bourgeois society as permanent, they do not believe in the possibility of changing the objective force-relationships which, as we explained, are decisive factors for the existence of the emotional structure. They vacillate between a progressive bourgeois attitude of the nineteenth century and the misanthropic pessimism of modern authoritarian society. Freud himself, as well as many of his most renowned disciples, tends more and more to a nihilistic attitude. This is partly due to the constructive tendency of the psychoanalytic theory which allows numerous intellectual loopholes.
Yet a consistent interpretation of man's emotional structure, on the basis of psychoanalysis, can only lead to a materialistic explanation of the individual in society. Erich Fromm justly criticizes the formalistic parallel Freud draws between the helplessness of the child in the family and the adult in face of social forces. This is not only a parallel but a complicated interconnection. It is not the biological helplessness of the small child which is the decisive factor in its specific need for a definite form of authority, but it is the social helplessness of the adult, determined by his economic situation, which molds the biological helplessness of the child and which thus influences the concrete form of the development of authority in the child. Only if the influences of the economic conditions on the libidinous impulses are sufficiently considered can the mental behavior of the individual be adequately interpreted.
A social psychology which, on this scientific basis, attempts to explain the socially relevant, common psychic structures of individuals in a group must be in accordance with the Marxian interpretation of society. The conformity of its results with the revolutionary criticism of society will not be due only to the general analogy between the neurotic person and our disorganized society. For, the larger the group considered, the more are the common life experiences of its members, from which it explains social behavior, identical with the socioeconomic situation which is the subject of the critical theory of society.
In this identity lies the strength of analytic social psychology and its crucial weakness. It is extremely questionable if the "results" achieved so far by this theory in explaining social behavior are really the outcome of its genuine research. It seems rather that the cart were put before the horse, that it is not social psychology which serves Marxian analysis but the latter which helps our psychology find its concrete conceptions. And in fact, the Marxian critical interpretation of the dehumanized existence of man under capitalism leads to a much more comprehensive understanding of the human traits and relationships which are decisive for the changing of society.
But how far removed has official Marxism become from this practical task! The Marxists and the Marxian psychoanalysts vie with each other in formalistic attempts to prove that the "methods" of their respective "sciences" are identically "dialectical." They waste their time in ascertaining the "philosophical parallels between the materialist conception of history and the dynamic and genetic character of Freud's understanding of the individual." The symptom formation in neuroses is discovered as "dialectics of nature." "The ego acts as a synthesizing agent." The development of the libido is regarded as a "process in which the accretion of quantitative change sometimes yields suddenly to qualitative transformation." How futile such discussions are, even from a limited scientific viewpoint, we will exemplify in one instance which Osborn greatly expatiated upon. He asks himself how the undialectical character of conscious representations are compatible with the "basically dialectical character of human thought." As solution of the riddle, he proposes that the dreams, the undisturbed expression of the unconscious, form the dialectical opposite of the waking thought process. The rational agency in man strengthens the repression of the emotions by exaggerating the incompatibility of its dialectical tendencies with conscious standards. Because reality is usually unable to offer unconditional gratification of the impulses, man's reason exaggerates the harshness of reality and represents it as rigid and unchanging in order to strengthen the repression of the drives.
Determining for the logical structure of our everyday thinking and for the distinction between primary and secondary qualities in natural sciences, is not our emotional mechanism but the necessity to order the stream of appearances of the outside world for the purpose of dominating it. This domination is further possible only on the basis of the adequacy of our conceptions and the objects we grasp through them. To explain the structure of these conceptions in terms of a reaction formation against man's impulses is simply nonsense. The function of the structure of conceptions in natural sciences as well as in our daily life must be explained primarily in terms of the social purpose both have to fulfill.
We understand that the assurance of its "dialectical" character is the official state ticket for any "science" to be admitted in Russia. But also, outside of that country and its subjects here and elsewhere, such discussions reveal the degeneration of Marxism to academic concerns. We therefore do not wonder that John Strachey hails this part of Osborn's exposition as "his most exciting theoretical discovery."
The social psychoanalysts understand the practical function of their theory as a means of "activating the masses." They want to help in the development of class consciousness by formulating and articulating the emotional needs of the masses. As they are especially concerned with the sexual needs, they maintain that it is particularly important to expose the reactionary social function of sexual morals and religion. By such propaganda they think they will be able to dissolve bourgeois ideologies, and thus undermine "one of the principal pillars of capitalism — the willingness of the masses to bear social suppression and exploitation." The fate of the revolution is always decided by the broad "unpolitical" mass. The revolutionary energy emerges from every-day life. "Therefore," they proclaim, "politicalize the private life, the market, movies, dance halls, Luna parks, bedrooms, bowling alleys, pool parlors!"
Although they admit that the socioeconomic relationships determine the structure of the mass impulses in the ultimate degree, the psychoanalysts believe that the actual revolutionizing of the masses must primarily concern itself with the ideological superstructure of society. They justify this opinion with their psychological knowledge of the class-stabilizing effect of the emotional ties which bind the masses to the dominant leaders and ideologies. They are convinced that the present trend to fascism empirically sustains their theory and actual proposals.
In liberal society the authority was veiled to the individual. His lack of freedom was hidden from him by his acceptance of the fetishes of prices, property and law relationships as natural forces. That was the false consciousness which Marx had in mind when he analyzed the role of fetishism in bourgeois economics. This disguise disappears more and more. The direct and brutal authority of the totalitarian state economies is the direction in which present society is moving. It took all the efforts of the Marxists to "unmask" as Lenin called it, the false consciousness, to show the fetishistic character of legal equality, of bourgeois democracy, of religion, and primarily of the commodity. Now, all these fetishes are falling, — the masses do not rush to the defense of "their" democracy, "their" equality before the law, "their" freedom of exchange on the market or before God, or even "their" political leaders! That, our psychoanalysts cannot understand! There must be something wrong with the Marxian theory, they reason, and this they believe to have discovered in the "economistic" tendency of official Marxism.
There is no doubt that various schools of contemporary Marxism have joined the ruling class in the fabrication of ideologies. The objectivist tendency in a certain direction of this Marxism is nothing but an expression of its ideological turning. But the psychoanalysts we discuss here are by no means justified in their objection because it is just their failure to recognize the workers' basic economic dependence on the owners of the means of production which characterizes their views. The acceptance of this economic authority by the workers was the basic relationship of the liberal system as well as it is the basis of the totalitarian society. As long as the masses regard this authority in production as necessary, as long as they do not rebel against it, so long will the leadership of the ruling class remain unshaken. That the existence of irrational authoritarian ties is also a factor which strengthens the deeper economic relationship will not be denied. But to believe that now when the fabrication of ideologies is increasingly the product of centralized agencies with the most efficient technical means, to believe that just now the main effort must be placed on agitation in the sphere of the super-structure is to invite a tilt with windmills.
The present change in the socioeconomic structure brings about a condition in which the self-explanation and justification of the society becomes a conscious production, even in capitalism; and because the contradictions of capitalist production are intensified daily, the ideological rationalizations which disguise them become increasingly removed from reality. Just now, when the appearance seems more than ever to prove the decisive "material influence of the ideologies," the decision is totally dependent on a change in the economic relationships. It is not only impossible but also unnecessary to fight the propaganda agencies of the totalitarian rulers with their own weapons. These ideologies will break down as rapidly as they are now accepted by the masses. Their inconsistency with reality will become openly apparent at the moment the masses are forced to face the material overthrow of society. More than ever must the critical theory concern itself with this fundamental material change. More than ever is this theory bound to the development of the consciousness of that class which holds the key positions in the mechanism of production. And the direction of this development is prescribed by the necessity of clearing up the very simple questions concerning these basic social relationships. The moment the workers take over the means of production, they will control also the production of propaganda. The production of ideologies will be replaced by the systematic and all-embracing rationale of public self-interpretation. The masses will work in common effort to develop and clarify the principles which will determine the production and organization of society.
The overemphasis of the sexual factor becomes especially apparent in the kind of propaganda the Sex-Pol movement proposes. But apart from that, the ineffectiveness of their attempt to tie a radical propaganda to the emotional needs of the masses is easily demonstrated by their own theory. This theory indicates that the special structure of the libidinous impulses which determine the attitude of the masses toward the authorities is wholly dependent on the social force these authorities represent. Thus they will always be capable of using the mechanism of repression and sublimation for their ends. This very faculty of the sexual impulses to adapt themselves to social conditions makes them much less fit to be used as a lever for revolutionary propaganda than self-preservation impulses. We certainly do not believe that the very complex problem of class consciousness can be adequately interpreted by a simplifying drive theory. But on the basis of such a formal division of man's emotional life the hunger drive will be of much greater influence for any insurrection than the easily adaptable sexual impulse. Furthermore, the sociopsychological theory emphasizes the importance of childhood, especially of the first four or five years of life, for the development of the power of ideologies in man. If, therefore, the dissipation of ideologies in the masses must be a condition for the overthrow of society, the logical conclusion would be that we must first reform the family or, in other words, that we must revolutionize the kindergarten to effect a social revolution. This would be even worse than the old well-known social democratic illusion that the social revolution presupposes the "revolutionary man" who can only be the outcome of a long process of mass education.
The psychoanalysts' proposal practically lead to a propaganda of substitute satisfactions for certain impulses which can be supplied within the framework of capitalist society. This political propaganda is not new. It has always been used in the old labor movement. Its fundamental ideas were the basis of the tremendous organizations for singing, hiking, dancing, gymnastic and all other purposes — except the earnest preparation of fighting capitalism — which nearly all the worker organizations in Germany engaged in before 1933. However, the real social function of this "revolutionary" education and its practical achievements became apparent in Hitler's Kraft durch Freude [strength through joy].
Freud's psychology of the masses
Georg Lukács
Die rote Fahne
August 1922
It cannot be our aim in this review — for space already precludes it — to portray Freud's psychological system and to give an evaluation of it, even in outline. That would require a treatise in itself — which, to be sure, would be no bad thing, since on the one hand Freudian psychology signifies a certain advance compared to common psychology, but on the other, like most modern theories, is very liable to mislead anyone not heeding the totality of social phenomena; liable to offer him one of those panaceas for explaining every phenomenon that are so popular today — without forcing him to come to terms intellectually with the real structure of society.
Every psychology so far, Freudian psychology included, suffers in having a method with a bias towards starting out from the human being artificially insulated, isolated — through capitalist society and its production system. It treats his peculiarities — likewise the effect of capitalism — as permanent qualities which are peculiar to "man" as "Nature dictates." Like bourgeois economics, jurisprudence and so on, it is bogged down in the superficial forms produced by capitalist society; it cannot perceive that it is merely assuming forms of capitalist society and in consequence it cannot emancipate itself from them. For this reason it is similarly incapable of solving or even understanding from this viewpoint the problems besetting psychology too. In this way, psychology turns the essence of things upside down. It attempts to explain man's social relations from his individual consciousness (or subconsciousness) instead of exploring the social reasons for his separateness from the whole and the connected problems of his relations to his fellow men. It must inevitably revolve helplessly in a circle of pseudo-problems of its own making.
This state of affairs appears to alter when the problem of the psychology of the masses crops up. But even one look at the manner in which crowd psychology approaches its problems will show that the same false propositions prevail to an even greater extent. For just as the psychology of the individual fails to consider his class situation (and with it, the historical surroundings of the class itself), so here psychology comprehends the "masses" as a congregation of human beings which, although it may vary according to the number of participants or their state of organization, is nonetheless limited to these formal differences. Crowd psychology rules out the influence of economic, social and historical conditions in its method. Indeed it even endeavors to prove that it is of no import to phenomena of crowd psychology what the social composition of the crowd may be. It follows principally that crowd psychology attempts to explain crowds from the individual. It analyses the spiritual changes taking place individually in the crowd. It therefore makes no attempt to turn the problem the right way up. On the contrary, it contributes to its inverted position. This is not fortuitous, for in crowd psychology, the features of the class struggle inherent in bourgeois psychology clearly emerge. Its tendency is to lower the intellectual and moral value of the crowd, to demonstrate "scientifically" its instability, lack of independence and so on. Leaving aside the intricate and sophisticated terminology, we may say that today, bourgeois crowd psychology is still formulating in scientific terms the same reactionary view of the masses which Shakespeare, for instance, expressed in dramatic terms in his crowd scenes.
As a researcher of integrity, Freud sees the contradictory and unscientific aspects of this view. He senses that this systematic disparagement of the masses not only leaves the heart of the matter unconsidered but also fails to produce anything new; yet with his positive solution he remains entangled in the same contradictions. For he too seeks to account for crowds from the psychology of the individual soul, and in attempting to avoid underestimating the masses he lapses into an equally boundless overestimation of leaders. For Freud seeks to explain crowd phenomena from his general sexual theory. In the relation of crowd and leader — in which he claims to locate the central problem of crowd psychology — he perceives only a special case of that "primal fact" at the root of relations between lovers, the parent-child relationship, relations between friends, professional colleagues etc.
We cannot provide a critique of this theory itself in the present review. It only needs to be remarked that Freud, in a totally uncritical way, comprehends the emotional life of man under late capitalism as a timeless "primal fact." Instead of undertaking to investigate the real reasons for this emotional life, he seeks to explain all the events of the past from it. The unscientific nature this method becomes most crassly evident where Freud, taking as his starting point the (correctly or incorrectly described) manifestations of infantile sexuality in contemporaries, seeks to account for primitive society. In so doing, he arrives at the fantastic supposition of a "primal horde" roughly corresponding to the patriarchal family. To take such a starting-point is nothing short of flying in the face of the most well-known findings of modern ethnological research (Morgan, Engels, Cunow, Grosse etc.).
But to make clear to even the scientifically least informed reader the absurd consequences of such a method, let us refer to another example, Freud's psychology of armies. This is a question which Freud discusses in great detail.
Needless to say, he does not distinguish between one army and another: in his view the peasant armies of ancient Rome, the medieval armies of knights, the crudely disciplined mercenaries from the lumpenproletariat in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and the crowds mobilized in the French Revolution are exactly the same "psychologically'; so alike that he finds it unnecessary even to raise the question of the difference in the social composition of armies. Instead, he finds the bond which holds armies together in Eros, in love. "The army general is the father who loves all his soldiers equally, and hence they are comrades to one another… Each captain is, so to speak, the general and father of his division, each lieutenant the father of his unit." And German militarism has come to grief over its "unpsychological methods," through the "neglect of this libidinous factor in the army." He even ascribes to this the effect of pacifism on the army at war's end.
We did not quote this example in order to expose an otherwise meritorious researcher to deserved ridicule. We quote it as a crass example — the more so, the higher we rate Freud's learned achievements so far — of how topsy-turvy the methods are with which bourgeois learning — in this case, psychology — operates. It illustrates how bourgeois psychology neglects the most simple and basic facts of history in order to arrive at "interesting" and "profound" theories through fanciful generalizing from superficial phenomena or even from purely invented and contrived "spiritual facts." Such learning is incapable of even purely academic development, for it will remain hopelessly stuck in the circle of pseudo-problems to which such false propositions give rise until it comes to perceive the social, class-governed character of its mistakes. Not the slightest sign of this can be seen in any bourgeois discipline, however, and the less so, the more its problems touch on topical questions. All "profundity" of exposition in contrast to the "dogmatic uniformity" of historical materialism only panders to attempts to draw a veil over this state of affairs — attempts, of course, which are in many cases unconscious. But for that very reason it is vitally important, in each such case, to make abundantly clear not only the mistake itself, but also its social foundations.


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what the f.
i just heard some of the strangest noises ever coming from outside.
needless to say, i live in oak park now.
so i guess the weird noises and people hastily backing in and out of driveways like madmen is to be expected.
i feel so tired right now but really it's because i am bored and stuck in this weird sleep pattern (thanks alex) where i stay up late, normally doing nothing if im at home, and sleep in real late.
there's an empty can of vitamin energy on my speaker that makes me want one real bad.
le sigh
Sunday, July 20, 2008
my brain went to bed hours ago
Posted by just me rachel marie at 9:40 PM
Labels: not sleeping
2 comments:
sounds like you're on the same sleeping pattern as myself. :P
- July 21, 2008 at 1:35 AM
Oak Park can be rough. 5 cops showed up last night to arrest my neighbors.
"Forget it Jake, It's Chinatown."
- July 22, 2008 at 10:18 AM
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New Perspectives - Redesigning Thought
Wonderings, ponderings, and quotes and things of Dan.
Saturday, April 8, 2017
Confident Failure
The more confident I get, the more I fail.
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Danial Goodwin
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Master in Photography, Art, and Technique
Open Registration
In Spain, training in the field of photography continues to have little presence in the official curriculum/studies.
With regard to vocational studies, art schools have adopted this training, but with regards to photography studies for artistic creation are nonexistent both historically and theoretically-practically level.
In line with current developments in professional photography and the role assumed by the artwork with a photographic medium in contemporary art, the Polytechnic University of Valencia made the decision in 2004 to engage in the future professionals' training of both fields, creating the Master in Photography, Art, and Technique.
In order to fill these important gaps that occur in the training of artists and professionals in the area of photography, we have created a specific program with some of the best European professionals, including:
Juan Vicente Aliaga
David Campany
Daniel Canogar
Jean-François Chevrier
Catherine David
Alexander García Düttmann
Marta Gili
Joan Fontcuberta
David Pérez
Xavier Ribas
Javier Vallhonrat
The Master program in Photography, Art, and Technique covers the following objectives:
- To train future professionals in technically different applied fields of photography such as photojournalism, industrial and advertising photography, architectural documentation, restoration, etc.
- To provide the interested student in the latest trends of theoretical development in contemporary photography tools needed for analysis, and for developing a theoretical and critical discourse.
- To develop a set of techniques and concepts serve the artists in their process of creation or creativity.
From Monday to Friday from 9:00 to 14:00h
Tuesday and Thursday from 16:00 to 19:00h


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Bachelor of Science in Human Services/Human Services Administration
Kaplan University
Ideal for those individuals with an associate's or bachelor's degree, this online Advanced Start Bachelor of Science in Accounting program has been created to be a flexible option for developing a broad understanding of the various theories and practices of the field of accounting in as little as two years.This is an ideal program for those individuals who are looking to increase their income potential and marketability in today's complex job market, and who are looking for a program that focuses on the knowledge, communication skills, critical thinking skills, and technical competencies that are required for a career in the accounting industry.
As a part of this online accounting degree program, individuals will work with a variety of experts in:
- Acquiring a solid background in economics, finance, management, law, information systems, quantitative methods, and taxation
- Applying the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles to business applications
- Improving their skills in communication, teamwork, and decision making while gaining a strong professional ethic and great practical experience
- Completing a capstone project in accounting to demonstrate your ability to apply theories and concepts learned online to real-world accounting practices
During the course of this online degree in accounting degree, students will gain the knowledge, communication skills, critical thinking skills, and technical competencies required for a career in the accounting industry.
This online accounting degree program's curriculum is based in the combination of theory and practice, and offers its students a flexible option for learning how to to set up books, prepare taxes, and provide management advice.
Accreditation Information
North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, The Higher Learning Commission


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I will write 500 word CROWDFUNDING campaign pitch
Job Description:
Crowdfunding keeps growing and opening new avenues for people to fund all kinds of projects, from books, to movies, to social projects, to businesses of all kinds.
This means that the chances for you to obtain the funding that you are looking for are higher than ever. However, the fact that there is so much competition for attention and funds also makes this very challenging, which is where I can help you, with my knowledge of the crowdfunding world and of strategies to succeed in navigating it.
What will you get..
– I write an effective title
– I write 400 word crowdfunding pitch for your crowdfunding campaign
– 1 revision
Check my Extras, in which I offer more options to help you crowd-fund and crowd-power your project to make it come true.
Don't mind the days i ask to complete the order i will probably do it in less days.


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I am extending a challenge to help rescue old abandoned dogs and support the charity Old Dog Haven.
The Challenge is to raise $500 for Old Dog Haven in the month of Sept. by donating 30% of all the art sold on my website.
The Challenge is to raise $500 for Old Dog Haven in the month of Sept. by donating 30% of all the art sold on my website.
Below is a "Quick Click" button so that we can reach our goal even more quickly!
In addition to helping the old dogs at ODH, I will give away one of my unique art pendants to the person who can guess the closest amount to our final total raised.
All too many dogs of advanced years find themselves terrified and confused at shelters, where their chances of adoption are almost zero. Others are desperate for a new home because of a move, a death in the family, or bad financial circumstances. Many of these dogs are in poor physical condition as well, making them even less appealing to others. Helping them is sometimes challenging and often expensive. Old Dog Haven's goal is that their last years are happy and that they die safe and at peace, knowing they are loved. Wouldn't we all wish this for our own pets, and for ourselves?
Old Dog Haven is a small nonprofit group using a network of foster homes to provide a loving safe home for abandoned senior dogs. When they have room, and the means, they take these dogs into their homes; if possible they adopt out those with a reasonable life-expectancy. They care for the rest as long as they have good quality of life.
Help Me, Help Them!!


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David Strathairn Returns to the Wilma Theater
J. Cooper Robb, Philadelphia Weekly — May 18, 2010
Noted film and stage actor David Strathairn, best known for his Academy Award-nominated performance as Edward R. Murrow in the movie Good Night, and Good Luck, is back in Philadelphia to head the cast of the Wilma Theater's production of Leaving, the most recent work by Czech playwright, politician and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Václav Havel.
One of America's most highly regarded character actors, Strathairn is associated with roles in the films of director John Sayles such as the baseball classic Eight Men Out and in recent action flicks like The Bourne Ultimatum, and says that his film and stage careers rarely conflict. "I've been lucky, and the two don't really rub up against each other," says Strathairn in a recent chat with PW, adding that theater was his first love.
Strathairn hasn't been away from Philadelphia for too long, though; he performed in Nathan the Wise at Malvern's People's Light & Theatre Company earlier this season. He's no stranger to the Wilma's stage, either; Strathairn can count Leaving as his fourth production with the Wilma's co-artistic director Jiri Zizka, and his second time performing the work of Havel under Zizka's direction (the first being a 1989 off-Broadway staging of Temptation).
Leaving, which premiered in 2007 in Prague, was Václav Havel's return to writing after a nearly two-decade absence. Those years of silence make sense if you know what was taking up the man's time, though: Havel, a leader during Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution in 1989, was then chosen as what would turn out to be the last president of Czechoslovakia after the nonviolent overthrow of the nation's communist government. After stepping down during the separation of the Slovaks and Czechs in 1993, Havel was elected president of the Czech Republic and remained in the post for the next decade.
Unsurprisingly, politics and their aftermath figure heavily in Leaving, which is having its English-language U.S. premiere at the Wilma.
Vilém Rieger (Strathairn), the former chancellor of an unnamed nation, is struggling to cope with his new status as a private citizen. Strathairn described Rieger as being "a bit resistant" to his new life away from the luxurious villa that serves as the chancellor's residence: "A lot of the trappings of his life are leaving him. He's getting on in years and he has to make a decision whether to work with the new government or be put out to pasture."
Strathairn said he's excited to reunite with Zizka and immerse himself in another Havel play. "I think it's pretty special to do a play written by somebody who has been such a significant and influential political figure for many years," Strathairn says. "It's wonderful to have this politician who is also a playwright and such a creative thinker. I admire him, and it's an honor to be involved in something that he created."
Strathairn acknowledged that large-scale works like Leaving (which, in the Wilma's production, features 15 actors, a disembodied voice bossing the players around, a massive set with 36 doors and a King Lear -like tempest) are increasingly rare in contemporary theater. "You're fighting not only budget concerns, but also the reductive nature of television," Strathairn explains. "I think, in general, television has whittled away at the public's appreciation of spectacle and the sort of theatricality that the Wilma nurtures."
An absurdist mix of shifting tones, the show combines genres and styles including tragedy, comedy, and absurdism and references Shakespeare's King Lear and Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard. Strathairn acknowledges Leaving is difficult to describe, and that some theatergoers may find it elusive, but doesn't see how that's a problem. "The audience may feel like they can't quite put their finger on it, but I think that's good. It keeps them on their toes."


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Class Character of the Nationalist Movement
AUGUST 15,1947 marked tlie final solution of India's national problem if the problem is seen as merely one of investing the accredited leadership of the nation with the governance of the country.
But the manner of the transfer of power showed that the national problem in its wider sense was getting complicated, rather than resolved:
the unity of the nation cutting across the barriers of castes, religious communities, linguistic-cultural groups and tribes—the unity which was the ambition of the leaders and participants in the national movement to forge when hundreds of them laid down their lives for freedom—was being disrupted. Not only was the country partitioned, but the division between the two major religious communities, which led to the formation of the states, ended in one of the worst carnages in human history. This was so painful to the tallest leader of the nation and the Generalissimo of the national struggle, Mahatma Gandhi, that he publicly expressed his sense of disillusionment by dissociating himself from the countrywide celebrations at the attainment of independence.
Ever since those days of joy mixed with frustration at the way in which independence was won, the relations between the two communites were more severely strained., almost to breaking point. Repeated instances of anti-Muslim riots in India and anti-Hindu riots in Pakistan marked


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Bits and pieces taken from emails and posts
Regardless of whom you ask on the topic, you're going to receive biased answers since everyone has his/her own view of what the best way to go about learning magick/occult topics is. I'm no different. With that in mind, here are some miscellaneous recommendations:
1. Before you do anything, ask yourself why you want to learn about magick and the occult. You need to know your motives (especially the hidden ones) for such work, due to the serious (and inevitably life-changing) nature of this type of work.
2. Some study of psychology (the works of C.G. Jung are helpful) will be useful for figuring out the very first lesson of most esoteric schools of thought. That very first lesson of study should be "Know Thyself." Knowing yourself is not an easy thing to do and although most people probably think they know themselves pretty well, most don't. It's surprising how much your subconscious can hide from you. People are extremely good at self-delusion when it comes to understanding the true motives behind their actions.
3. The study of magick and the occult is ultimately a study of one's self and the universe he/she lives in. Many people are fascinated by magick and wish to gain control over some aspect of their lives or manipulate others or gain power. This is an ego-based view and usually doesn't amount to a whole lot. The REAL power available is gained through non-ego based work. First, you learn about the 'self' and all your component parts (e.g. the parts of your psyche), and then by understanding those parts and how they fit into the broad scheme of things (e.g. the greater universe around and through you), you begin to accomplish the process of total self (re)unification. Most people function as a series of unconnected 'selves' within themselves. Their subconscious aspects are unknown to them (they can neither psychically feel nor understand the concept of various parts of their own spirit/mind), and the only frequency band available for their sensation is that of the physical realm. Magickians seek to broaden their awareness of self and how self is interconnected with the rest of the universe that they share with others. Interestingly, the more you know about yourself, the greater your understanding of the outer world. True power is gained this way as well, but usually only as a byproduct and not as a goal or end in itself (the danger implied there is that the balance of power would be more toward the human ego and less toward one's spiritual core - this would be as disadvantageous as a tree trying to cut itself off from its own roots - this undesireable state can be viewed clairvoyantly). The true magickian ignores such trappings and views the acquisition of skills (such as telekinetics etc.) as simply lessons and practice for greater spiritual awareness (non-ego related pursuits).
Note: the reason why a non-ego focus is constantly stressed on this website is due to the nature of the human ego. It is transitory, while the spiritual core (the true identity) is permanent. Since the ego gets its power from the spiritual core, it is therefore more desireable to make one's ego more like that core so as to bring its influence down into one's conscious awareness, and by linking the ego back to the core, extend one's consciousness beyond one's usual limitations. These aspects or components of one's self can be viewed clairvoyantly with accuracy and continuity across several practitioners/observers. Once you see first-hand how your components really do hook together, you wouldn't want to try to make the ego the king of all while ignoring the spiritual core within.
4. There is no one true way to go about doing anything. There are as many 'systems' for study as there are people in existence. All that matters is that you find a system that you feel compatible with when first learning (ultimately, you will end up creating your own 'system' of practice from bits and pieces of everything you learn over the years - that's normal and expected). I generally recommend trying to see through to the essence of every system, rather than getting trapped within the limited views of any one. For example, ceremonial magick has many variations in practice today. There are Golden Dawn, O.T.O., Thelemic, Solomonic, Qabalistic, Enochian, and Wiccan groups etc. Each has their own set of symbols and 'mythology', and I often notice quite a few people getting confused by such varying systems of symbolism - some of which seem to contradict other systems.
5. The best system or school of study that I've found (again, remember that I have my own biased views on this) is that of the works of Franz Bardon. My reasons for this viewpoint are simple. He doesn't waste time with convoluted symbolism (which is sometimes just a distracting device that some occult lodges use to cover up the fact that they don't know what they're talking about and possibly wouldn't know real magick if it bit them on the ass - I've seen lodges like this). His material concentrates on the essence behind all major magick techniques and practices. Rather than confusing you with a ritual without explaining how/why it works, he just has you practice spontaneous energy manipulation in full knowledge of what you are doing. The essence behind any ritual is the manipulation of energy and consciousness to cause change in conformity with the will, so he gets to the point and starts the student off with that - thus eliminating any ridiculous symbolic trappings and detours. (Many students have trouble with the works of Aleister Crowley. I personally do not recommend starting off with his writings as they can lead to much initial confusion for the beginner. If you can first obtain a firm foundation of the essence of Hermetic magick through other simpler texts, then his writings will make much more sense.) See if you can get a local bookstore to order "Initiation into Hermetics" by Franz Bardon for you, or order it directly through Amazon online at this website. It used to be only available in hardcover, which was rather expensive, but now there's a softcover version as well. I guarantee that you'll be much happier with the results of study in his system than in many others (especially if you want real results!) - it'll give you a great foundation of psychic practice and skills. Keep in mind, success will take years, but in my opinion, that text is by far the best. You can sample excerpts from it and commentaries by practitioners in Bardon's system online by following some of the links from my Links page. There's also a free version (1st translation - not as good as the current version in print) available in PDF format in the files section of the Real Magick e-list.
6. Don't waste time with Gematria (a.k.a. numerology). It's useful as a meditative exercise, especially if you're a student of Hebrew, but for the most part it usually just degenerates into mental masturbation. Real magickians (the ones who actually cause real change in the physical realm via spontaneous non-ritualized energy work a.k.a. raw psychic talent) rarely bother with it. Magick is, at its core, a purely psychic activity. It involves learning to sense and manipulate energy and (your own) consciousness to create change in conformity with the will. Of course, learning to sense things psychically in the first place will take time.
Books by Franz Bardon
Books by Robert Bruce
Books by Israel Regardie
By Dion Fortune
A few Classics of Magick:
On the Tarot:
A useful book to get if you ever want to practice magick in a group:
A very useful book if you get into Golden Dawn systems of magick:
On the Qabalah or Kabbalah:
If you decide to study the Qabalah, you'll notice that there are 2 main versions, the Hermetic Qabalah, and the Jewish Kabbalah. The Kabbalah is a system of philosophy and religious/meditational/magickal practice that has been very widely borrowed from for magickal work over the centuries. The primary glyph/symbol used in Qabalistic practice is the Tree of Life. Most people use it as a sort of map for the levels of their awareness and of the universe. There are quite a few books out there on the topic if you're interested, but it is important to realize that the Hermetic Qabalah and the Jewish Kabbalah are NOT the same thing. The Hermetic philosophers/magickians of the Renaissance era borrowed a lot from the Jewish mystics who practiced Kabbalah. Unfortunately, they didn't totally understand everything they borrowed from the Jews, so quite a few things got distorted and intentionally misused and misinterpreted. (It is important to keep in mind when researching Kabbalah/Qabalah, that Kabbalah itself is said to make very little sense without knowledge of the Torah - in many Jewish practices of Kabbalah, the Torah is seen as the key to understanding the whole system. It's been said by other authors that trying to study Kabbalah without any understanding of the Torah is like trying to learn surgery without a proper textbook on human anatomy.) One of the biggest annoyances I have with the Hermetic systems of Qabalah is that they try to associate planetary energies to the sephiroth while completely misusing and misunderstanding the nature of the sephiroth. The Jews never associated planets with sephiroth. The Hermetic 'system' of Qabalah does work, but it's not correct with regard to Jewish mysticism.
There are lots of books on Qabalah, so I won't mention them here (you can probably find some book references on my Books page). If you're interested in the roots of Kabbalah (in the Jewish mystical systems) then I highly recommend the books of Aryeh Kaplan.
A few general thoughts:
Most home study magick courses AREN'T worth the money. Almost every piece of useful occult information (i.e. techniques) has already been published in some form or another. Most of the people charging money for info and training are usually only rehashing the same crap they've borrowed from publicly available texts. Some are handing out their own philosophical and symbolic fallacies/truths for cash and are calling it 'the next best thing', but it's important to remember that what is true for one is not always true or even usable to another.
Side-note on usefulness of supposedly secret occult info: I've been fortunate enough to see a few bits and pieces of private material from some bigger name secret orders over the last few years and I can honestly say that I've yet to see anything new or unusual in any of it. When you separate the symbolic and philosophical crud from the actual techniques themselves, usually they're just using the same old standard techniques (of energy and consciousness manipulation) in different variations of ceremony with different symbolism to suit their own needs/goals. That's not to say that the information they have and keep secret (with the exception of occasional leaks) isn't useful or effective. Secrecy isn't always used for the purpose of prohibiting sacred or potent knowledge from becoming the property of the public nowadays. See - http://realmagick.tripod.com/excerpt22.html
Always try to understand the of what is actually being done with energy/consciousness in any ceremony or ritual rather than getting caught up in its dogma or structure and you'll be fine.
If you're looking for a useful workbook that starts out at the VERY beginning and slowly leads you through to a deeper understanding (through your own personal experience/effort - remember: no one can enlighten you, only YOU can become enlightened through your own efforts) then Franz Bardon's texts are certainly a great option. I've never seen another book besides "Initiation into Hermetics" that provides a training program so complete and so thorough without any extra misleading (or confusing) symbolic jargon. It concentrates primarily on the essence of magickal/psychic technique, and what it takes to develop real skill without wasting time or lying to you. Most modern occult groups will try to get you to practice things their way in their systems of terminology and mythology, and I've found myself that quite a few popular 'systems' just don't resonate well with me. However, general techniques themselves can be adapted to virtually any tradition or set of symbolism, and that's another reason why I liked Bardon's work. He has a somewhat Hermetic bias, but it's still far more universal than something such as Wicca or Thelema for example, which have well defined sets of symbolism that may not be suitable for all practitioners.
[On this site] I have an extensive page of links and lots of personal writings (mostly collected from posts from occult forums and emails in answer to questions), as well as general techniques and recommendations. Of course, my way isn't the only way. Each must find his/her own. Keep in mind that only Time, Experience, Practice, and Perseverance will help you to arrive at any deeper understanding of the universe and yourself. Be prepared to work very hard.


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"The youth of our country is our greatest strength. The fact is that we are still young; the country is only a few centuries old. However, it is full of youthful idealism that will return us to greatness." These words, spoken by Senator elect Mike Lee (R–UT), shored up a stirring and inspiring weekend at the Ronald Reagan Center in Santa Barbara, CA. Along with fellow CCU sophomore Bela Franklin, I had the extraordinary opportunity to attend the West Coast Leadership Conference put on by Young America's Foundation. According to YAF, the purpose of conferences such as these is to teach young people about individual freedom, a strong national defense, free enterprise, and traditional values.
Their mission was sustained exceedingly this past weekend, as over 100 students from universities nationwide gathered in Santa Barbara to hear from many of the most prominent speakers inside the conservative movement. Keynote speakers for the weekend consisted of:
- Michael Reagan, son of President Ronald Reagan
- Wayne Thorburn, author of From Goldwater to Reagan
- Ron Nehring, GOP Chairman of California
- Marc Theissen, best selling author and speechwriter for President George W. Bush
- Mike Lee, Senator–Elect of Utah
- Dr. David Newton, economist and professor of entrepreneurial finance at Westmont College
- Andy Puzder, CEO of CKE restaurants (Carl's Jr.)
- Cong. Tom McClintock, California 4th District
- Ben Stein, acclaimed author and actor
The overarching theme of the weekend, as displayed on each attendees t–shirt, was "Reject Socialism." The melancholy association with socialism was certainly rejected, as conversations between students, speakers, and staff reflected individuals willing to place their life work towards the advocating of conservative ideology to the young generation. With countless keynote addresses prompting collegiate conservative leaders to become active on their campuses, the powerful message of sustaining freedom and liberty resonated in a highly impactful way throughout the conference.
From Michael Reagan's lecture on The New Reagan Revolution, to Ben Stein discuss 'Freedom being God's plan for man' Live from Rancho Del Cielo, the inclusive experience of the museum and ranch alike is a captivating and inspirational adventure. As stated by Ron Johnson, President of Young America's Foundation, "(YAF) is preserving and protecting the Reagan Ranch and using this historic presidential property to pass on to our children and grandchildren the ideas and lasting accomplishments of this great leader." Students were taken on to many of the same trails that President Reagan would take his daily horse–riding session upon, and visited areas of the ranch that had sentimental and endearing value to Mr. and Mrs. Reagan. In addition, students took a first–hand look inside the home in which the Reagan's presided; a house that was built in the early 1800's and was scarcely altered from its original composition.
Illustrating this experience into words is merely insurmountable, in that the charm, breathtaking outlooks, and rich history of Rancho Del Cielo define the character of the man who inhabited this incredible domain. President Reagan was a man with a message: the message of individual freedom, limited government, and free enterprise. This is a leader who led by example, through his vast knowledge of historical events and sanguine approach in leadership. The ranch was a portrayal of these his inner core, which depicted a place in which history, fascination, and excitement bestowed upon each individual who stepped foot on its premises. And as Reagan once stated: "No place before or since has ever given Nancy and me the joy and serenity it does."
This opportunity maintained itself as the premier venue for conservatives nationwide on the beautiful California coast. Reagan must have been looking down from Heaven this weekend smiling, in that the prospect of hundreds of college students fighting for the explicit constitutional principles that he had spent his life work striving to accomplish was his vision for the youth of America. As leaders on our campuses, it is imperative that we proceed to address and convey the pressing issues facing college students in the current political climate. Because, as Senator Mike Lee stated, the youth are the greatest strength and asset that conservatives possess; they are the key towards uniting and inspiring the upcoming generation towards ideology that reflects constitutional limited government, traditional values, and individual freedom.


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The United Colors of Sustainability
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The United Colors of Sustainability
A new report by Global Industry Analysts on the textile dyes segment highlights that the global market is expected to reach $5.9 billion by 2017, partially because of the development of innovative, sustainable dyes to meet changing consumer demands.
The projected growth contrasts with the situation four years ago. The industry had two difficult years between 2008 and 2009, due to higher feedstock prices and slow demand from the textiles sector. This is a market dictated by several varying factors such as demand for textiles, consumer spending and population growth. Market expansion depends on fashion changes and customer preferences.
Production these days is heavily concentrated in emerging markets such as China and India where companies were attracted by lower labor and environmental costs, which could be a cause of concern in terms of sustainability and social responsibility practices. However, global bans on certain dyes signals that the industry as a whole is trying to clean up its act.
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Antonio Pasolini is a Corporate Social Responsibility writer for Justmeans, Antonio Pasolini is a journalist based in Brazil who writes about alternative energy, green living and sustainability. He also edits Energyrefuge.com, a top web destination for news and comment on renewable energy and Elpis.org, a recycled paper bag/magazine distributed from health food stores in London, formerly his hometown for over a decade. He is also a happy herbivore.


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Our most recent curation: these Fair Trade beaded beauties are lovingly made by hand by women creative cooperatives in Columbia. Woven by hand onto super strong nylon, these beaded bracelets fasten with an adjustable cinch and are super soft and pliable on your wrist. We are in love with these and think you be too!


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WACRAD has also accessed financial support from the international donor community among whom are: Save the Children Umoyo Network, Management Science for Health (MSH), Oxfam, UNICEF, Cordaid, Kindernothilfe, Redeenkind, ITHEMBA/ENGANGE HIV/E3, and World Renew.
Locally WACRAD has also sourced funding from National AIDS Commission. Word Alive Ministries International as a church has also provided financial support to WACRAD.
In the daily management of the programmes, the council works closely with a senior management team composed of qualified and experienced officers with undoubted program, financial and administrative skills.
WACRAD activities are managed by a team of professional staff under a team of well qualified management.
Through the Director:
Word Commission for Relief and Development, P.O Box 2502 BLANTYRE MALAWI.
Mobile number: ( +265) 888 56 522 Ground: (+ 265) 01 874 451 Fax: 01 874 372
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com Skype: patricia.semphere.


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We are huge proponents of the adjustable outhaul system. The ability to change the depth and tension of the sail (called variable geometry) is the key to unlocking the full wind range and performance potential of your sail. The significance of the adjustable outhaul is equateable to the transmission in a car or the gears on a bicycle. Quite simply, multiple power settings broaden the use and range of the sail.
Our double-sided outhaul system comes ready to use and installs without tools in minutes. It features two closed adjustment loops with mini blocks for 4:1 purchase, a longer adjustment straps and low-stretch single braid Spectra line. Our double outhaul system is superior to cleat based outhaul systems in several ways:
- It fits any boom and installs in seconds without the uses of any tools. Requires two pulleys at the clew end of the boom.
- It provides 4:1 purchase on each side of the boom without the cost and weight increase of using additional pulleys at the clew grommet.
- It's easier to make small adjustments with the ribbed webbing providing a tactile, perceptible feel of every 3 mm (1/8") of adjustment.
- It's not necessary to first pull on the webbing strap before releasing the outhaul - just press the silver CamLock tab to release the webbing in controllable increments.
- The Double Outhaul system is comprised of two closed loops of line with the adjustment strap and pulley integrated in the loop, and one 300 cm length of Spectra line. Separate the these three elements by untying each end of the outhaul line from the pulley blocks.
- Release the CamLock buckle and open the webbing strap to its maximum length. This is an important step to achieving correct adjustment.
- Make a fold in the line of the adjustment loop 30 cm (12") off the long end of the webbing strap (Fig. 1).
- Secure the adjustment loop to your boom with a double girth hitch - see the assembly diagram. Keep the pulley block away from the girth hitch. Wrap the folded line around your boom and draw the entire assemble through the loop at the end of the fold (Fig. 2). Repeat for a second wrap around the boom (Fig. 3).
- Adjust the line tensioning of the girth hitch so the end of the long webbing loop is as close as possible to the boom (Fig. 4).
- Position the girth hitch just behind your rear harness line with the webbing exiting the girth hitch on the lower outside quarter of the boom facing you, but slightly on the underside of the boom. This positioning keeps the adjustment loop out of your grip in an overhand position.
- Repeat the attachment for the other side of the boom.
- Attach the outhaul line to the pulley block on one side of the sail with a bowline knot.
- Lace the outhaul line through the end of the boom, the clew of the sail and back through the end of the boom.
- Set your boom length to the maximum desired length you will need.
- Leaving 20-25 cm (8-10") of slack, secure the end of the outhaul line to the adjustment pulley with a bowline.
- Tension the adjustment straps slightly on either side to tack up the slack.
- The ideal setting should be both adjustment straps centered in the middle of their adjustment range when the outhaul tension is at the mid-range setting. This then gives you the ability to pull or release the outhaul on either side of the sail.
The ideal adjustable outhaul setup should allow you to pull the outhaul to its maximum AND release it to its minimum on EITHER side of the sail. If you do not have the full range of desired adjustment on both sides of the sail, you must change the slack or tensioning of the outhaul line (step #11) and re-tie the outhaul line to the pulley.
To tension the outhaul while sailing, pull the strap forward (toward the mast). To release the outhaul while sailing, simply press the CamLock release tab with your thumb. For fine control of tension release, hold onto the pull-strap with your fingers while pressing the CamLock tab with your thumb.
Less outhaul tension will make the sail fuller and move the center of effort further aft. This makes the sail more powerful for light wind drive and acceleration. Less outhaul tension creates a fuller, looser sail that will allow you to sail a deeper and faster downwind angle. More outhaul tension will make the sail tighter and flatter, and move the center of effort forward. This streamlines the sail for over powered conditions and improves upwind performance by creating a lean tight sail profile. Even for just back-and-forth sailing, small adjustments to the outhaul setting can be the difference between staying planing in the lulls, or staying in control in the gusts. Experiment with the adjustment to find the optimum setting for your sailing conditions.