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This month I managed the challenge! Yes!!! The paper month sounded fairly straight forward and I didn't really think I had a big change ahead of me, but in some ways it did open my eyes even further. Ain't that funny? You set the rules of the challenge yourself and are still surprised of the results at the end of it? :-D
So here goes...
1. If you have to print something, print on both sides and/or print several pages/slides per paper page.
This is the area where I experienced a change in behaviour in myself. Usually I print something nearly every day at work. This month I have printed about once a week! And then I have printed BOTH several pages per paper side AND front and back!
I have another example; I had to print some handouts for a workshop the other day and just before the workshop I realised I had to update some of the pages in the middle. Usually I would have just printed a new set, but now I took all the stapled piles apart and replaced only the affected pages.
For taking notes I have switched to iPad instead of paper and I love it. I also save all little scraps of paper, such as old envelopes, and use for shopping lists or todo-lists.
2. Look into the possibility of changing your kitchen paper towels to cloth and see if it would work for your family.
This is one I had already covered. We use homemade cloth towels and love it. I have blogged about them previously here.
3. Cancel all catalogues (such as mail order catalogues), paper bills etc, where possible, and turn to the digital versions.
This is one I hope I am now done with. If something new shows up I'll handle that then too. I have even taken it to cancel all digital newsletters, not to save paper obviously, but because it feels liberating to not be fed all this crap.
4. Don't accept any ads in your mailbox - put up a sign!
Done a long time ago.
5. Give away magazines you won't read again to someone who will.
6. If you have a paper/magazine subscription, check what your online options are instead.
I currently don't have any subscriptions, and I also think twice before buying new magazines.
* Results *
A star for me and 10 sweeeeeet points!! I need those points, especially since this month has been a spending month...
I have bought a lot of fabric in order to sew on my summer plan (SWAP) and I have also bought one vintage dress (that is free from points). At least half of the fabric splurge was organic...
I have purchased 2,6 m of full width cotton lawn and 2 m of organic jersey.
The naked truth all summed up, pretty much status quo:


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Sprucing Up Your Office Walls
Your office space is your home away from home. Why not add a few personal touches to make it just that? Here are some ideas to spruce up your work space. These shops are all on www.Etsy.comwhere you will find some original works of art.
Here are some choices for your wall space in your office.
Modern illustrations from Jaycphotos. One example of JC's work is this modern colorful print. This would brighten up any wall in your home or office. Check out some of JC's other works at www.jaycphotos.etsy.com
If illustrations doesn't touch a cord in you, try for abstract paintings. This original design has a peaceful feel to it with watercolor inks in blue and greens by Ali B. Ali B has some wonderful original art pieces in her shop! www.shelikesthis.etsy.com
Did you every think of hanging some fiber art? Take a look at this textile fiber art quilt by Kathy Kinsella. This one is mounted on canvas! Looking at this you would not think it was a quilt but it is a form of mixed media textile fiber art mounted on canvas. Her shop has many diverse items along with her art quilts. www.kathykinsella.etsy.com
One last thing to think about is a quilted wall hanging. Quilts are not just for snuggling under anymore. There are some true artists working with fabric. Take Terry Aske's wonderful quilted wall hanging called "Looking Up", a perspective view of city buildings.
To see many of her original art quilts go to www.TerryAskeArtQuilts.etsy.com
So many decisions to make. Please check out all of the shops mentioned above and enjoy shopping to spruce up your home office or work office space.
Submitted by Patricia Caldwell

subset: commoncrawl


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#Finance - Of Jargon and Finance Tips
Lots of money are increasingly being acquired within the arena of personal finance. While using rise from the web especially, plenty of loan providers have put their hands up. This really is really the age from the web, and loan providers all over the world are reaping helpful benefits from the web to enhance their potential profit. Just look around online for bank card companies and you'll be swamped by an array of bank card companies with really attractive offers for bank cards. That's how easy it's. Personal finance isn't any more the jargon-ridden world it had become once only a few previously. Yes, you'll still encounter jargon. But there is also a large amount of ways in which we might be knowledgeable about common finance terms.
Most banking institutions provide online educational funding to assist loan people who don't know common finance terms. You will notice a lot more pages that are dedicated to identifying and explaining the various terms that loan people might find whilst they are trying to find a great loan. Terms like collateral, evaluation, comps, arrangement costs, flexible interest levels, all get spoken about and elucidated round the websites of loan providers wanting to please a lot more clients. A number of these pages are put together by finance pros who sell people into relocating for financial financial loans in occasions of cash crisis.
Most online loan providers offer recommendations on what sort of customer should start trying to find the most effective mortgages, for instance. These pressure on the requirement to look around and compare various mortgages, before pronouncing an individual's verdict. Hurrying in to a mortgage along with other type of mortgage may finish within your to not get a good deal. It is almost always a far greater wager to accomplish some extensive research first just before filling out the contract. There may constantly be a far greater loan that might be just inches away. You should not give your hurry to acquire a loan blind you to definitely certainly the benefits of intensive searches.
Even when it calls for accounts, online programs are possible. From savings accounts to an array of current accounts, online banking is greatly in fashion nowadays. Getting a free account is not a continuing task whatsoever. All that you should do is finished a credit card applicatoin and wait for bank's reps to get hold of you. It is actually by simply that.
Personal finance has changed a great deal due to the unforeseen growth and development of the web. From it, existence just changed for your better.
We are really the only stop you'll demand for personal finance needs. Whether it's mortgages, savings accounts, or bank cards.
Related Articles - mortgages, savings accounts, bank cards,
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Wednesday, August 24, 2016
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St. Tammany Corp. is the lead economic development organization for St. Tammany. We seek to preserve and promote the quality of life by strengthening and supporting vibrant economies.
Sites & Buildings
Looking for a site or building in St. Tammany Parish? Search through our database or use our mapping tool to find the perfect location for your business.
Resource Center
Learn more about St. Tammany Parish and its unique business opportunities, skilled workforce, and prime location. We can provide all the facts and figures you need to make the right choice.
St. Tammany Corp. Newsletter
Keep up with economic development news, successes, and opportunities in St. Tammany Parish!


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Sunrise S102 Orion Hot Tub
› 5 place seating and 1 bed
› 78" x 78" x 36" (200cm x 200cm x 92cm)
› 293 gallons (1108 liters)
› 1 kW water heater
› 30 two-tone jets
› 1 dual speed 1.5 hp pump
› 3 head rests
› Standard acrylic: Sterling Marble
› Optional choice of acrylic colors
› Available with entertainment feature
(S102 Value)
User Manual
A variety of jets with different massage patterns to suit your needs.
Balboa® equipment
Equipped for Wi-Fi, rust and impact-resistant housing and easy programming for use with long or short pressure.
Lighted waterfalls
Les multiples lumières DEL sont distribuées autour du spa dans une variété de couleurs. Elles illuminent les chutes d'eau en périphérie du spa.
Thermal cover
5 inches thick with slope and marine grade UV protection.
Polysteel® cabinet
Its unique style and modern design gives a touch of elegance to your hot tub. Designed with water-proof polymer, the Polysteel® cabinet requires little maintenance, and comes in three colors.
Galvanized steel structure
This method of manufacturing ensures an unparallel structural integrity. It is designed to evenly distribute the weight of the hot tub.
Greenguard® insulation layer
More than just insulation, this technology works by thermal retention. Insulation technology allows warm air to be retained inside the cabinet, which helps reduce heating costs.
Easy access
Sunrise® hot tubs makes it easy to access inner components. The Polysteel® panels can easily be removed.
Standard plumbing with color code
Color code plumbing makes it easy to recognize the hot tub's internal plumbing system.
Quick-Connect water heater
The Quick-Connect system provides an easy access to the water heater. It can easily be removed and reinstalled for maintenance purposes.
Sterling Marble
The surface of our multi-layer shell is vacuum shaped from a single sheet of acrylic Lucite® and treated with Microban®, an antimicrobial protection layer that inhibits the growth of bacteria and mold.
Lucite® Acrylic provides an exceptional protection from UV rays effect.**
Polymer Cabinet
Espresso Cabinet
The cabinet is water-proof, impact-resistant and requires little maintenance.
It will keep its original look for years.
Available in Grey, Black and Espresso.*
The hot tub on display is shown as an example. Some specifications may differ.
This model comes with the standard Sterling Marble acrylic. All other acrylic colors are available has an option.
Contact us for more information about this product.


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Please join us for the Third Annual Greystar Charity Golf Event benefitting the PTSD Foundation's Southern California Chapter. Our tournament offers a day of fun with upscale golfing at Monarch Beach Golf Links in Dana Point, a Vendor Fair with an ocean view, and a short Cocktail Reception where raffle winners will be announced.
100% of proceeds from this tournament will go towards helping our local combat veterans suffering from PTSD.
Many warriors come home with visible wounds; countless others come home with scars we cannot see. It is our duty as citizens to help these mighty warriors and their families adjust and find their new normal. The Greystar Charity Golf Event has chosen to support PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) Foundation of America for their dedication in healing our military community. They provide recreational therapy as well as mentorships and individual counseling, focus on raising awareness to establish a support system, and coordinate physical therapy sessions for our combat veterans.Learn More
Your tax deductible sponsorship is not only a great way to gain visibility for your company, reward your staff, or have a great day with friends; it's a great way of personally helping make a difference for our local combat veterans suffering from PTSD and other injuries.
For sponsorship information, please contact Cynthia Shettler at email@example.com or (949) 242-8026
Individual Entry – $350 (SOLD OUT!)
Foursome Entry – $1,200 (SOLD OUT!)
Your entry fee includes 18 holes of golf at Monarch Beach Golf Links, complimentary valet parking, motorized golf cart, range balls, one entry to the Longest Drive Contest, boxed lunch, 2 drink tickets and 2 raffle tickets.
10:00AM: Registration
12:00PM: Tee-Off
6:00PM: Cocktail Reception & Awards Ceremony
Tournament will be played in a scramble format with 4-person teams. You may invite Greystar staff and team members to join your team. If you do not enter a team list, you may leave it blank and submit your player names to Cynthia Shettler at firstname.lastname@example.com by Thursday, August 9th.
Player's Pack – $100
For Registration Information, contact Cynthia Shettler at 949-242-8026 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Your tax deductible sponsorship is not only a great way to gain visibility for your company, reward your staff, or have a great day with friends; it's a great way of personally helping make a difference for our local combat veterans suffering from PTSD and other injuries.
Enjoy a view of the ocean as you engage with Greystar's Community Managers, Service Managers, Operations Managers, and Regional Property Managers along with the golfers and volunteers at the Third Annual Greystar Charity Golf Event!
This year, we arranged for a Libation Station to be set up next to the first tee box to keep everyone hydrated. We also reserved the South Lawn area by the valet circle for parking and secured additional volunteer drivers/shuttles to ensure transportation is available to/from your vehicles. All vendor fair participants are invited to attend the Cocktail Reception & Awards Ceremony. Vendor fair attendees may enter to win raffle prizes – you do not need to be present to win. (Must write name/number/company on ticket)


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|Antiques Digest
|Browse Auctions
Pewter Spoons
( Original Published 1913 )
Of a fellow student, Heine wrote that "when Grabbe left home for the University, his mother put into his hands a packet which, so he told me, contained silver spoons-half a dozen tea-spoons, six little coffee-spoons, and a big soup-ladle-domestic treasures from which women of the people sadly part, for they think that silver spoons as a possession distinguish a housewife from folk who own none but spoons of pewter. When I first met Grabbe he had already pawned the soup-ladle-Goliath, as he called it-and later, if I asked him how things went with him, he would gloomily answer, ` I am at my third spoon,' or ` I am at my fourth spoon.' Once he said with a sigh that the big ones were going, and it would be very short commons for him when he came to the little coffee-spoons, and when they were gone, there would be no commons at all."
But silver has cheapened, and old pewter spoons are worth more than new silver spoons to-day. The authority on old pewter writes that " spoons are now too valuable to be allowed to lie about in an unprotected condition." By the authority I mean Mr. Masse, whose " Chats on Old Pewter " (Unwin, 5s. net) is the handiest and best cheap book on the subject which a collector can possess.
Chasten Your Zeal. But let no enthusiast beginner exclaim to himself, " Why, I saw a pewter spoon in a little shop the other day ! " and rush off to buy it. Because the odds are that it will be a spoon or ladle made of Britannia metal or lead, and not antique at all. I am not here referring to fakes (there are plenty of them about), but to material, and space forbids dis sertation upon the differences between true pewter, lead, German metal and Britannia metal, and other amalgams. Metallurgy is a more difficult guide than the shape.
Bowls and Stems. The old pewterers copied the shapes which the old silversmiths used; though old pewter spoons were not hall-marked and bear no dateletter, you may define their dates roughly by their shapes. Do not expect to find pewter spoons of very early periods. Just as Tudor and Jacobean silver became nearly all of it melted down, to be coined, so pewter spoons of earlier date than the fifteenth century have been worn out, for pewter is very perishable. I suppose we all know William and Mary, Queen Anne, and Georgian silver by its shape, when we see it ; look for the same kind of guide when you go hunting for old pewter spoons.And, first, the bowls ; there is something quaint and unsymmetrical about most of them. Often the outline of the bowl resembles that of a tennis-racket ; sometimes it resembles that of an elm-leaf, non-serrated ; sometimes it is almost circular; sometimes it has the outline of a plover's egg. Ladle-bowls are more regular in shape, more like the ladle-bowls in use today, but larger, as a rule, and set at an acuter angle with the stem, which joins the bowl more awkwardly. The old spoon-bowls were more in the plane of the stem, and shallower, than is the case with the silver or plated spoons made today.
As to the stems, they are usually shorter than their modern successors, and look disproportionately so, and are neither flat nor round, because pewter-ware was finished by hammering, as, though the stem might have been cast round enough, hammering squared it a little. The stems of spoons made to-day are flat ; the section of a seventeenth-century pewter spoon will be square or rhomboidal; there is something a little angular as well as solid about the stem of an old pewter spoon.
Knops. We have all seen old or modern " apostlespoons," of base metal or silver; the " apostle" figure is the knop of the spoon-the knob at the top of the stem. Rat-tailed silver spoons are greatly hunted for ; so are rat-tailed pewter spoons. A true rat-tailed spoon has no knop, its stem tails off to a blunt point; but spoons with a tapering ridge running under the stem are also called rat-tailed, so that a " rattailed " spoon may have a flat knop, large, and rounded oblong in outline.
The knops most often found on pewter spoons are the ball, the seal, the acorn ; there are also the rattail, the diamond-point, the lion, the melon, the hexagonal, the strawberry, and the deer-foot. The " apostle " and the " maiden-headed " or " doublehorn-headed " knops are excessively rare ; the two latter figure a woman's head and head-dress, with single or double raised coif, in the fashion of the early fifteenth century. Sometimes the knop of a ladle will have a short, sharp bend away from the plane of the stem.
As a rule, pewter spoons are clumsily large, almost wooden-spoon-like in dimensions. Do not expect to find them of coffee-spoon or even tea-spoon size. And do not expect to find many in any size. A dozen is quite a collection.
The little curio-shops are full of forged pewter spoons, that seem all right in metal and colours, but the shape of the handle or stem, the finish, the hammering, and the aged appearance are all defective or wanting.


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A few takeaways....
1. If I lived downtown, I would totally hit up 6am summer rooftop yoga. It is right up there with coffee on ways to start your day.
2. Jodie and I are cheap dates. Two glasses of wine is all it takes.
3. Naples 15 Pizza is super yummy. It is right up there with Pizza Brutta and GreenBush Bar.
4. Girls nights out are the best.


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Believe it or not, there are residents of the Poconos who are not avid skiers and have no desire to get wet and cold in the name of fun. Many indoor activities are available during winter — some providing as much heart-racing exercise as outdoor sports, and others offering quite a bit of physical activity for all levels of ability.
Believe it or not, there are residents of the Poconos who are not avid skiers and have no desire to get wet and cold in the name of fun.
Many indoor activities are available during winter — some providing as much heart-racing exercise as outdoor sports, and others offering quite a bit of physical activity for all levels of ability.
Roller skating is an excellent way to get some exercise during the winter. Big Wheel Roller Skating, in East Stroudsburg, offers open skating, a tiny tots program and roller hockey, as well as private party rentals.
"People like the atmosphere, the music, lights, sounds and fun," Bonnie Coffin, owner of Big Wheel, said. "This is an activity that gives the comfort and warmth of the indoors where you don't have to get cold and wet. It doesn't depend on the weather."
The skating facility doesn't forget about the people of the area. "We enjoy giving back to the community," said Coffin. "We furnish free Holiday Skate Passes to every school in the district to give to the students so they can skate for free."
Roller skating is an affordable family activity with reasonable prices. "Families are struggling financially, so they cut out the fun," said Coffin. "We are keeping the cost down so that families can still enjoy something together."
Bowling is an activity for all ages and abilities. West End Lanes in Brodheadsville offers 24 lanes, six pool tables, snack bar, beer and wine cooler bar, as well as a full arcade with Dance Dance Revolution games for both children and adults. Saturday evenings feature Cosmic Bowling. Bumper bowling and party rentals are also offered.
Peter Maynard, owner of West End Lanes for the past 2½ years, said, "Bowling is something for all ages. It's cheaper than most activities now." He went on to explain that although open bowling is picking up in popularity, leagues are growing rapidly. "We offer leagues for the serious bowler, the social bowler, as well as leagues for children and teens," he said.
Bowling appeals to all ages, from young children to retirees. "Bowling provides a social, fun atmosphere with friends, no matter what the ability level," Maynard said. "Even those with disabilities can bowl."
For those looking for less extreme entertainment that families can enjoy together, the Casino Theatre in Mount Pocono is a one-of-a-kind establishment, offering twin theaters, ice cream parlor, sandwich restaurant, gift shop, and an arcade geared to those age 13 and younger.
"We are a very family-oriented place with many things to do," said Karen Litz-Struckle, owner. "There are not too many places I know of where you can get a movie for a family of four for $20 and still have money for a meal or treats."
Because the center offers many activities at an affordable price, the economy hasn't affected it as it has other places. "Historically, movies are a cheap form of entertainment. People still want to go out. We have dinner, drink and movie nights for $10," Struckle said. "People are looking for inexpensive activities to do with family and this is a place where they can go out to eat, play and catch a movie for an affordable price."
The Casino Theater offers dinner and a movie, with guests now able to eat and watch at the same time.
"We had a problem with many patrons coming in 15 or 20 minutes before the movie started and would order a meal, which is made to order, and then worry that they were going to miss the beginning of the movie," Struckle said. "So we came up with the idea of serving meals during the movie. We found trays on the Internet that fit our seats, and now customers can order their meals and eat while watching the movie. This makes us pretty unique."
Rock climbing has become a popular outdoor activity with challenges for all ability levels. Rock wall climbing is another indoor choice for those looking for an outlet for pent-up energy during the winter season. North Summit Climbing Gym in Wind Gap offers this popular indoor activity in a safe environment.
It offers a variety of top rope, bouldering and lead climbing for experienced climbers, and an easier climbing terrain for those wanting a new challenge. One-on-one instruction is available. North Summit also offers private party rentals.
Go-karts offer a great family activity requiring only a minimal height of 54 inches to participate. If you're the type that likes heart-pounding speed and competition, without all that physical exertion, S&S Speedway Indoor Go-Karts in Snydersville is for you. S&S Speedway offers go-karting as well as video games, a snack bar, air hockey and pool table, as well as party rentals.
Get a quick fix of summer at the Pocono area's only public indoor waterpark. Split Rock Resort Indoor Water Park in Lake Harmony offers a lot of summer fun including a wave pool with three- to four-foot waves, the northeast's first indoor FlowRider, a family raft ride, waterslides with 41-foot drops, a bucket dump, Hurricane Cove with waves up to 6 feet high, Jungle Falls with a three-story tree house featuring firing cannons, geysers, water toys and dumping buckets.
The waterpark also features a toddler's play area, hot tubs, a food court and tiki bar.
Other options for indoor entertainment include art galleries, museums, lectures, shows and educational programs. These are just a few of the many activities out there to take the boredom out of the cold winter season.


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Justice in Mexico: "Last week, Interior Secretary (Secretario de Gobernación) José Francisco Blake Mora announced at a government press conference the launch of Operation Laguna Segura, a bold investment of federal police forces and machinery to combat organized crime in the northern Mexican region, specifically in the states of Coahuila and Durango. The governors of Coahuila and Durango, Jorge Torres López and Jorge Herrera Caldera, respectively, were present at the press panel to discuss the ramifications of the new federal security plan that would place all levels of police and security, local, state and federal under the federal government's control.
... The Interior Secretary and the governors of Coahuila and Durango agreed to a ten point approach to Operation Laguna Segura. These points include purification and strengthening of police forces; continuing evaluations; increasing size and strength of the police force; participation in joint mobilization efforts between state, local and federal police; review of corruption in the system; and monitoring of money laundering and corruption ." read more


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Podcast: Play in new window | Download | Embed
Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | SpotifyToday is DAY 8 of a special Podcast Awards edition of The Wired Homeschool. If you want to listen to any previous episodes in this series, you can find them all here.
Let's get started!
Instructabes Projects
Whether you're looking for a low-cost project using household items or a high-tech project that involves building custom components, you can find many projects that incorporate STEM topics with detailed instructions at Instructables. Here are 5 projects I found that will keep you and your kids tinkering.
- Candle-powered Hot Air Balloon
- Arduino Weather Station
- Simple Circuits from a Pizza Box
- NEar-Space Balloon
- Budget Bicycle Warning Lights
STEM or STEAM Categories
With the myriad projects available at Instructables, you should have no problem covering all STEM and STEAM projects.
How to Vote
Visit PodcastAwards.com, checkmark the podcasts that get your vote, fill out the brief form, and confirm your vote via email. That's it! It only takes a minute or two. You may also consider voting for these podcasts too.
Resourceful Designer
The Productive Woman
Congressional Dish
Dad Spotlight
The Bugcast
The Hollywood Outsider
Packers Fan Podcast
The Audacity to Podcast
ONCE – Once Upon a Time Podcast
Please remember to vote for The Wired Homeschool in the 2016 People's Choice Podcast Awards.
Want to be notified of any upcoming news regarding the podcast or if I'm speaking in your area? Join my spam-free mailing list. You'll receive monthly updates and news about future projects and I'll let you know if I'm speaking in your area at a homeschooling convention.
The Wired Homeschool is a proud member of the Tech Podcast Network. For more family-friendly tech podcasts visit techpodcasts.com
Music for the podcast by Kevin Macleod.


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Pennsylvania Coin
Club Directory
A comprehensive directory of coin clubs in Pennsylvania
Is your coin club not listed?Add your Coin Club
Are you a coin collector looking for a group that shares your enthusiasm for gold and silver coins? Coin clubs offer everyone from novices to expert numismatists a place to gather and share the history and beauty of precious metals. No one understands how fun and captivating coins can be better than those of us here at Provident Metals, so we've created a resource to help you find like-minded collectors at coin clubs in your area.
Get Active
Find coin clubs close by and start getting to know your fellow coin enthusiasts.
Have a coin club that isn't listed here? Use the link above to be added to our directory.
Allentown / Bethlehem Coin ClubAmerican Legion Post 367
609 Fullerton Ave
Whitehall, PA 18052
(610) 434-0222
Colonial Coin Collectors Club
The Colonial Coin Collectors Club (C4) was founded in 1993 to provide a forum for collectors of numismatic material related to the Early American era. This involves coins, tokens, currency, and medals.Philadelphia, PA
(860) 242-1330
Conrad Weiser Coin ClubMarion Township Building
420 Water St
Stouchsburg, PA 19567
Currency Club of Chester County
The C.C.C.C. is a non-profit historic and educational organization formed in 1971. The objectives are to encourage, promote and share numismatic knowledge, focusing on paper money.United Church of Christ East Goshen
1201 N Chester Rd
West Chester, PA 19380
(610) 745-2980
Daniel Boone Coin ClubGrace Alsace UCC
2151 Kutztown Rd
Reading, PA 19065
Delaware County Coin Club
The Delaware County Coin Club (DCCC) was started in 1951 and has been meeting continuously since. The club consists of a group of coin and currency collectors at all levels from novice to expert and with interests that cover a wide range of numismatic interests.108 Morton Ave
Folsom, PA 19033
(610) 565-6189
Erie Coin ClubPicasso's Restaurant
24 N Park Row
Erie, PA 16501
(814) 866-1183
Friendly Coin ClubChambersburg Recreation Department
235 S 3rd St
Chambersburg, PA 17202
(717) 977-2571
Greater Johnstown Coin Club
Supporting coin and currency collectors and enthusiasts in the greater Johnstown, Pennsylvania area.Riverside Fire Hall
615 Liberty Ave
Johnstown, PA 15905
(814) 243-2340
Harrisburg Coin Club, Inc.Citizens Fire Company No.1
272 Second St
Highspire, PA 17034
(717) 985-0901
Hershey Coin Club Inc.411 Springbrook Dr
Palmyra, PA 17078
(717) 838-8730
Indiana Coin Club1st Christian Church
500 Water St
Indiana, PA 15705
(724) 465-0618
Meadville Coin ClubWoodcock Boro Building
Meadville, PA 16335
(814) 333-4362
North Hills Coin Club of Western Pennsylvania
We are a non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion and education of the numismatic community in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Northland Public Library
300 Cumberland Rd
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
(412) 269-0181
Pennsylvania Association of Numismatists (PAN)
The Pennsylvania Association of Numismatists (PAN) is a non-profit educational state organization founded in 1978 consisting of individuals and coin clubs throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the United States.1985 Lincoln Way Suite 23
White Oak, PA 15131
(412) 672-2204
Red Rose Coin Club, Inc.
The Red Rose Coin Club was founded in 1958 and is a very active coin club with over 200 members. A typical meeting night sees about 60 members in attendance.Farm & Home Center
1383 Arcadia Rd
Lancaster, PA 17604
(717) 945-6907
Schuylkill County Coin Club1st Congregational Church
313 Sunbury Ave
Minersville, PA 17954
South Hills Coin Club
Do you collect coins or paper money? If you do, you are invited to come to one of our meetings.Bethel Presbyterian Church
2999 Bethel Church Rd
Bethel Park, PA 15102
(724) 984-6611
Stewartstown - Shrewsbury Coin ClubMason Dixon Public Library
250 Bailey Dr
Stewartstown, PA 17363
(717) 993-3163
Tri County Coin ClubElks Club
201 S Mill Ave
Ridgway, PA 15853
Waynesboro Coin Club
The Waynesboro Coin Club was established in 1960.Susqueanna Bank
10 W Main St
Waynesboro, PA 17268
(717) 352-4508
West Chester Coin Club
Founded in 1962, the West Chester Coin Club makes its home in the beautiful rolling hills of Chester County, Pennsylvania.West Chester Borough Office
401 E Gay St
West Chester, PA 19381
(610) 358-5264
Western Pennsylvania Numismatic Society
The Western Pennsylvania Numismatic Society is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to the study of coins, medals, tokens, paper money, and other objects of a numismatic nature from all parts of the world and all eras of history. One of the oldest numismatic societies in the United States, WPNS was founded in Pittsburgh in 1878.93 Mystic Harbor
Bradford Woods, PA 15015
(724) 934-1201
West Penn Coin Club
The West Penn Coin Club was founded in 1961.Italo-American Citizens Club
1130 Lower Rodi Rd
Turtle Creek, PA 15145
(570) 332-4690
Wilkes-Barre Coin ClubKnights of Columbus
57 Parry St
Luzerne, PA 18709
(570) 675-5872
Williamsport Area Numismatic SocietySt. Lukes Lutheran Church
1400 Market St
Williamsport, PA 17701
(570) 279-2128
Wyoming Valley Coin ClubGermania Hose Co
430 Foot Ave
Duryea, PA 18642
(570) 675-5872
York Coin Club, Inc.Mount Zion UCC
1054 Ridgewood Rd
York, PA 17402
(717) 235-7468
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Education Department Study Finds Reading First Schools Spend More Time on the Subject
Schools participating in the federal Reading First program dedicate more time to reading instruction and professional development and are more likely to use assessment data to inform teaching than Title I schools that are not in the grant program, concludes a study released yesterday on the $1 billion-a-year initiative.
"In K-3 classrooms, the reading programs implemented by teachers in Reading First and non-RF Title I schools appear to be different in a variety of ways, including instructional time, resources, instructional planning and collaboration, use of assessments, and focus on the [essential] dimensions of reading instruction," the interim report of the Reading First Implementation Evaluation states. "These findings provide some initial evidence to suggest that Reading First schools are carrying out the objectives of the Reading First legislation."
The study was based on surveys of some 9,000 teachers, principals, and reading coaches in national representative samples of 1,100 Reading First schools and 541 Title I schools that are not in the program. All the schools in the study enroll large percentages of poor children. Researchers for the Cambridge, Mass.-based Abt Associates, which conducted the study under contract to the U.S. Department of Education, also relied on interviews and state descriptions of schools' Reading First plans to review how the program is being implemented.
The two groups of schools were demographically similar, but the Reading First schools were, on average, larger and had larger proportions of struggling readers among their K-3 students.
Is It Working?
To this point, little information has been available about how the 4-year-old program is working, although observers say that Reading First schools and districts have reported anecdotal improvements in teachers' knowledge and skills and students' reading proficiency.
Some experts welcomed the study as positive news from a program that has been in the news more for its controversy than its role in improving instruction around the country.
"The Reading First schools, in contrast with other schools … have more time for reading instruction, more assessment, and more professional-development resources," said Alan E. Farstrup, the executive director of the Newark, Del.-based International Reading Association. "It's encouraging, and now we're waiting for the hard performance data that will show how it's working."
The program has been mired by complaints that federal employees and consultants pressured states into using specific commercial reading programs, assessments, and consultants. The Education Department's inspector general and the Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, have both launched probes into those allegations.
One of those complainants questioned this latest study's reliance on survey data, and the lack of information to gauge student achievement in Reading First schools.
"Teachers knew what they were supposed to say on a survey, and they said it," Robert E. Slavin, the president of the Success for All Foundation, wrote in an e-mail. Mr. Slavin has charged that Education Department officials infringed on the Baltimore-based foundation's ability to compete for Reading First funds by discouraging participating schools from using the well-respected whole-school reform program.
Reading First has been viewed as among the most prescriptive federal programs for placing guidelines on states for using so-called "scientifically based" methods and materials. Mr. Slavin and other researchers, however, have questioned whether the tendency of participating schools to use commercial reading programs and assessments that have not been vetted through rigorous research trials meets the program's requirements.
"What is astonishing is that [nearly] five years and $5 billion into this program, we know nothing about outcomes," Mr. Slavin added.
The final implementation report, due next year, will look at student achievement data at participating and nonparticipating schools through the 2006-07 school year.
Vol. 25, Issue 43
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Price range, per nightmin R max R
Amalinda, Bunkers Hill, Woodleigh , Baysville, Dorchester Heights, Selborne, Bonza Beach , East London CBD, Beacon Bay, Abbotsford, Cove Rock, East London, Blue Bend, Beach Front East London, Nahoon Mouth, Nahoon, Vincent , Homeleigh, Stirling
Windmill to have my lunch, security (police are available all the time) especially on festive season. Life savers are doing their job excellent. Parking is fine and good. People at the kraal are helpful. the place is clean. ICC Hotel nice place and Regent Hotel. Kennaway Hotel and Osner are good for accommodation.
I really love it because of the view like I like to jog in the morning next to the sea. and its very cool and neat. I really love windmill. Activity-virgin active although I've never been inside. for me everything is fine for now.
Quigney is the oldest section of the city of East London, South Africa. This suburban area was formed in 1873 and land sales only took off after a tramline was built to reach the beach and easier access established into the suburb. Today, Quigney is the heart of East London where top hotels, edgy restaurants and the aquarium line the beachfront.
Sometimes known as Settler Country for the influx of German and British immigrants to the area in the mid-1800s, East London is South Africa's only commercial river port harbour, overlooked by Quigney suburb. The city is nestled between the warm Indian Ocean, the Amatola Mountains and the East London Coast Nature Reserve that incorporates several marine and land reserves.
The suburb has a charm to it that long-time residents strive to maintain and is considered a trendy locale for students attending the East London campus of Fort Hare University. With a beautiful stretch of beach on its doorstep and within easy reach of the CBD, Quigney is the favoured destination for visitors to East London.
Top 6 reasons to visit Quigney
1. Spend a day on the soft white sands of Quigney beach with warm surf and all conveniences nearby. For those wanting a more active pursuit, Nahoon Point further north offers good surfing.
2. Visit the 80+ year old East London Aquarium before it's demolished and replaced with the estimated R100-million Ocean Discovery Centre planned for Quigney beachfront. The aquarium has a coelacanth on display, caught nearby in 1938, and a whale viewing deck.
3. The Khaya La Bantu Cultural Village gives the visitor an opportunity to experience art, culture and traditional ways of the Xhosa. Learn about their hairstyles, dress and complex adornments while sipping on homemade beer and sampling dishes handed down over generations.
4. Ferry operators offer a sunset cruise beginning at the harbour and travelling down the Buffalo River. Other water activities available in the area include deep sea fishing, canoeing and snorkelling.
5. For a full day's entertainment, there are over 140 stores, a food court and 7 movie theatres at Hemingways Mall. Alongside is Hemingway's Casino to continue with the fun well into the evening!
6. Travel to Chintsa to experience natural beaches, indigenous forest, pristine estuary and golden dunes. The area is spectacular and dining on a mussel pot on the elevated deck of a Chintsa restaurant with panoramic sea views is a blissful moment.
The East London Airport is located only a few kilometres from Quigney and all international flights are routed via the Cape Town, Durban or Johannesburg airports. Various car rental agencies operate out of the city centre and East London Airport or you could book a rental online. Traditional taxi companies are available throughout East London. If you have the Uber app, book a ride using your mobile phone.
Did you know?
The coelacanth, an ancient breed of fish, was believed to have died out millions of years ago until a live specimen was caught in a trawl net in the waters of East London in 1938. The coelacanth has changed little for over 400 million years and is inedible to humans but remains the most endangered of all animals due to irresponsible fishing techniques.
In the run-up to the annual Discovery Surfer's Challenge, the streets and beaches are filled with runners of all ages preparing for the event. The popular course takes runners into the surf, over boulders, along tough sandy stretches of beach, through a river to finally end at the Nahoon lifesaver's club.
Guest Farms could very well be the most idyllic South African form of accommodation. If you are out in the country you should definitely consider staying at a Guest Farm. From romantic getaways to a family holiday, they are perfect. They can range from absolutely luxurious to comfortable and you could easily find one that suits your budget. If you have children they will easily be occupied by the animals and nature that surround. They are often well staffed with a restaurant on the premises and well situated amongst various nature activities. Heading into the country? Have a look at our Guest Farms listing on Accommodirect.
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Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century
Teshale Tibebu
The history of Ethiopia during the 19th century involved three fundamental processes: (1) the Zämänä Mäsafənt (Era of Princes) and its coming to an end under Kassa Häylu, later Emperor Tewodros II; (2) the repeated attempts by Egypt and Italy to colonize Ethiopia, culminating in the Battle of Adwa on March 1, 1896; and (3) Mənilək's territorial expansion and conquest of what is now southern Ethiopia during the last quarter of the 19th century in campaigns known as agär maqnat. These three distinct, yet related, processes laid the foundations for the making of modern Ethiopia.
The end of the Zämänä Mäsafənt was a key factor in centralizing state power in the hands of the emperors of Ethiopia. It enabled consolidating the power of the regional lords under the emperor, which in turn played a critical role in confronting Egypt and Italy's colonial intrusions in the late 19th century. Mənilək's territorial conquests in the south further strengthened the state, garnering vast human and material resources that played a critical role in the Ethiopian victory at the Battle of Adwa. All three processes worked in tandem: the end of the Zämänä Mäsafənt created a strong centralized state; such a state succeeded in nipping in the bud the colonial invasions of Egypt and Italy; and the successes of the agär maqnat campaigns added to the overall strength of the country. It also laid the ground for the problems of the 20th century, chief among them being the "national question."
The History of Sudanese Nationalism
Yoshiko Kurita
Ever since its conquest by the armies of Muḥammad 'Alī Pasha in 1820, Sudan (the Republic of Sudan today) has been subjugated to colonial rule by foreign powers—first by the Ottoman-Egyptian regime from 1821 to 1885, then by the British (nominally the Anglo-Egyptian "Condominium") from 1899 to 1955. Consequently, modern Sudanese history came to be characterized by the emergence of a series of anticolonial popular struggles, such as the Mahdist movement (1881–1898), the 1924 Revolution, and other political movements in the 1940s and 1950s. In spite of apparent differences in style, method, and ideological background, these were essentially based on the energy of the masses aspiring for liberation from colonial rule.
The development of the national liberation movement in Sudan was a complicated process, since the modern Sudanese state itself was an artificial colonial state, and it was never self-evident what the "Sudanese nation" was. Building solidarity among peoples of different cultural and religious backgrounds within Sudan (such as the mainly Arab Muslim population in the north and peoples of different backgrounds in the south and the Nuba Mountains) turned out to be crucial to the anticolonial struggle. Because of the colonial situation which prevailed in the Nile Valley after the 1880s (Egypt itself was occupied by the British in 1882), the idea of a regional (if apparently contradictory) coordination of "Sudanese nationalism" and the cause of the "unity of the Nile Valley" coexisted. Finally, since colonialism inevitably had its socioeconomic dimensions, a conflict of interests between the privileged local elites (tribal and religious leaders) and the general masses emerged, leading to a struggle over who would represent the "Sudanese nation." The independence of the country in 1956 did not put an end to the question of Sudanese nationalism, since the colonial nature of the modern Sudanese state remained unchanged, and the popular struggle against oppressive state apparatus and social injustice continued even after independence. Various elements of civil society, including trade unions, students, and women, called for a democratic transformation of the Sudanese state. Peoples of the politically and economically "marginalized" areas in Sudan (such as the South and the Nuba Mountains) rose up in protest against underdevelopment, leading eventually to the emergence of Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SLPM) in the 1980s, which advocated the vision of "New Sudan"—a type of "Sudanese nationalism," so to speak, based on the aspirations of marginalized areas. Although, with the independence of the South in 2011 (a development which was not originally anticipated by the Sudan People's Liberation Movement [SPLM] itself) the modern Sudanese state (as it used to be known) ceased to exist, this does not mean that the heritage of various anticolonial struggles in Sudan has been meaningless. Rather, it constitutes a common property, so to speak, for the peoples in the region (though now divided between different states), and serves as a source of historical lessons and political inspiration for future generations.
The Ottomans in Northeast Africa
A. C. S. Peacock
In the mid-16th century, the Ottoman empire expanded to encompass parts of the modern Sudan, Eritrea, and the Ethiopian borderlands, forming the Ottoman province of Habeş. The Ottomans also provided aid to their ally Ahmad Grañ in his jihad against Ethiopia and fought with the Funj sultanate of Sinnar for control of the Nile valley, where Ottoman territories briefly extended south as far as the Third Cataract. After 1579, Ottoman control was limited to the Red Sea coast, in particular the ports of Massawa and Suakin, which remained loosely under Ottoman rule until the 19th century, when they were transferred to Egypt, nominally an Ottoman vassal but effectively independent. Politically, Ottoman influence was felt much more broadly in northeast Africa in places as distant as Mogadishu, at least nominally recognized Ottoman suzerainty.
The 1924 Revolution in Sudan
Elena Vezzadini
The 1924 Revolution marked the first time in Sudanese history a nationalist ideology became the language of politics and was successfully employed to mobilize the masses. It was a part of a broader movement of anticolonial nationalist agitation that merits studying this Sudanese event as an illuminating example in world history of the period. Thousands of people from all over Sudan protested in the name of principles such as self-determination and the will of the Nation, and the right of citizens to choose their own destiny. Moreover, the movement that led it, the White Flag League, explicitly sought to include people from different backgrounds, statuses, professions, and religions, to counteract the colonial policy of reliance on ethnic affiliations and social hierarchies. Even though it was bloodily put down after only six months, the events of 1924 represent a revolutionary departure in the in the history of modern Sudan.
The Nile Waters Issue
Terje Tvedt
To understand the role of the modern Nile in African history, it is first necessary to have familiarity with the premodern "natural" Nile, including both its hydrology and societal importance. It is well known that no river basin in the world has a longer, more complex, and more eventful history. The Nile water issue in modern times is a history of how economic and political developments in East and North Africa have been fundamentally shaped by the interconnectedness of the Nile's particular physical and hydrological character; the efforts of adapting to, controlling, using, and sharing the waters of the river; and the different ideas and ambitions that political leaders have had for the Nile.


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Sometime in 2006, I was looking for a seashore environment to bring students to study the intertidal zone. The Changi coast near the Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal was a nice choice but there were too many sandflies. So one day, I decided to go to Sentosa with my family. The reclaimed beaches just didn't make it cos it was void of life… almost except for pesky sunbathers. I was there for about half an hour when Joshua needed to pee, so I brought him to the toilet in one of the areas in Sentosa. It happened to overlook a sandy/rocky seashore beach which happened to be exposed as the tide was low. That was the beginning of many visits to the area.
The tide was low and the waters just reached ankle height even when we waded far from shore… I was instantly brought back to my childhood days of beach exploration when my parents used to bring me to the beach and I would explore the rocky areas and look at the rock pools, fascinated by the creatures like hermit crabs and little fish that got trapped with the outgoing tide. Josh, Matt and I waded in the waters for about an hour or more. We met a carpet anemone, sea cucumbers, an octopus (would you imagine that!), a leaf porter crab. Every now and then Josh and Matt would be amazed at the little crab who would hide under a leaf… how curious it was.. and I was there to show it to them. We spent the remainder of the time chasing crabs, fast swimming flower crabs that darted about in the surprisingly clear waters… The kids' amazement and wonderment were enough to make me satisfied. It was an enrichment class, or place-based learning experience, well call it what you will but we totally were in the flow (see "Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience, Csíkszentmihályi")
Just some of the beauties at the beach area.
Naturally I was excited about this and decided that this would be the place to bring some students to experience it as a fieldtrip. After assessing the safety and planning and making sure that the students wouldn't affect the environment, we went there and had our fieldtrip. We caught several creatures, displayed them in tanks and released them back to their habitats. The feedback was good and generally, most would not have experience that kind of environment here. A year later we brought another batch of students there and the same "magic" was felt. I had hoped to instil some kind of love for the environment and creatures in this students. This year, I have expanded the fieldtrip to an enrichment programme called the Biophilia Programme where students will propose and study the ecology of the site to assess biodiversity and ecology there with minimal impact.
However, the last field trip there last week left me with a heavy heart. Just a few hundred metres away, there was a big barge and major construction works. I guess for the resort world. Was this place going to be affected, will it totally go? Can the programme still continue… will Joshua and Matt see Mr Octopus? My heart sank further when I realised that the patch of halophila (or sea grass) that was verdant the year before had now been razed to the muddy substrate.. all the sea grass and sea weed was gone. Those seaweeds and seagrass were home to the octopus, the carpet anemone and the many leaf porter crabs my sons and I had discovered by flipping the the floating leaves. They were now gone. Naturally I am upset… depressed if you will. Even more so when I read this post by Rambling Leaf monkey… here.
This rich patch of halophila and seaweeds is now gone…
I can't reconcile with the fact that the rocky shore habitats at Sentosa may be gone along with its denizens, the octopus, the curious leaf porter crabs, the many scurrying crabs, baby squids, the file fishes, the carpet anemone, the sea cucumbers will be gone… Will there be an Oceanarium there? Will it be part of the habitat destruction? Already underwaterworld puts me off with the lonely dugong and a gazillion fish swimming in what seems to be overcrowded tanks. Honestly, I think picking up some hermit crab along a rocky shore is more authentic. I can't help but feel the greed of society impinging on God's creation or mother nature, whatever floats your boat. Will Sentosa become more artificial again. I had hopes that all the rocky shores might be left unharmed and I hope that they will be, but the razed patch of seagrass has me thinking deep.
In this age of science, I would think that as Carl Sagan, puts it albeit a little righteously, that Science will be a candle in the dark. Its a demon-haunted world in a different sense today where biodiversity is concerned. Look at over-fishing, pollution, animal slaughter in the abbatoirs. No longer are people ignorant, they just turn a blind eye. I hope that this isn't the case for the Sentosa management and that the people at Sentosa realise that the rocky shores are precious and hopefully, hopefully, any biodiversity surveys of the rocky shores there will be a candle in the dark for them…


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Hi all,
Anyone know a 'non stealer' who can make up a 'cheap' unit, or anyone who may have a used unit to sell? I do not mind scrapes & scratches.
I can & will fit myself.
Many thanks
Replacement front bumper for HB
Bullbars, roof racks, suspensions and other accessories relating to vehicle performance
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- Pieter B
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Re: Replacement front bumper for HB
A few days ago there was a guy on facebook that had a ARB bumper for R10000
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Max, a trained owl, was supposed to deliver the rings at a wedding in Canada. He was fine afterwards.
YouTube link.
Sunday, April 17, 2016
Owl ring bearer could probably have done better
Posted by arbroath at 6:08 am
4 comments:
Okay, who thought an owl at a wedding was a good idea?
Definitely not a symbol of wisdom here.
And, in some cultures, the owl is a symbol of death.
- 2:06 pm
There was also the one a few years back that delayed the wedding when it decided to fly up into the rafter with the rings, then have a snooze.
- 4:18 pm
In order to carry a stun like this, the receiving end should be trained to call the owl to him/her, so that the owl would know where the target destination is. I saw this done with parrots somewhere.
- 4:29 pm
I suppose it would have at least been polite to the owl to turn off the fans too.
- 8:18 am
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Gaming Support
Gaming help?
If your computer seems to be running normally but gets jittery or laggy when you are playing games, most likely your graphics accelerator needs an upgrade. We can help to identify which unit would be the best fit for your specific gaming needs. It is possible that your video settings simply need a few adjustments to help your machine perform to its full potential of quality and speed.
Issues like these can also be caused by a slow or troubled internet connection. You can run a speed test to find out if you are getting the internet connection that you're paying for. If you find that your connection speed isn't up to par, call your service provider and have them check the lines and hardware. A bad modem or degraded lines will cause intermittent speed and connection problems. If you determine that your connection speed is good, call us. We can run some more advanced diagnostic tests to determine the underlying issues with connectivity and graphics.
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MyoFusion Probiotic 1 lb by Gaspari Nutrition Buy 1 Get 1 FREE
- Brand: Gaspari Nutrition
- Product Code: 646511015135
- Availability: 12
- Was $49.99Now
Directions For MyoFusion Probiotic Series:
Liquid Per Scoop: Add 1 scoop per 6-8 fl. oz. or 2 scoops per 12-16 fl. oz. with water, nonfat milk or your favorite beverage.
Shake: Add one to two scoops of MYOFUSION® to your shaker cup, cover and shake vigorously for 30 seconds.
Stir: Add one to two scoops of MYOFUSION® to a large glass, then mix it up with a spoon. Stir for 20 seconds or until the powder is completely dissolved.
Blend: Add one to two scoops of MYOFUSION® to a blender, blend for 20-30 seconds, then add 1 or 2 ice cubes and blend for an additional 30 seconds.
Consume approximately 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight through a combination of high protein foods and protein supplements. Use 2-4 servings (39g per serving) per day as part of a well-balanced diet that includes whole foods and other protein sources. For best results, consume your daily protein needs over several small meals spread evenly throughout the day.
Warnings: Do not use as a sole source of nutrition for weight loss or maintenance, Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool, dry place.
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Winter has definitely arrived and that can only mean one thing, dark mornings and cold nights which now calls for wardrobe adjustment. So if you have not already turned over a new leaf and started planning your winter wardrobe essentials, below are a few tips to help you get started.
Clean out your wardrobe: There is no better way to make space than to put aside your beloved summer collection. Evaluate anything that has not been worn in the last 12 months or no longer fits. As for the summer collection, they can be packed and kept aside till winter dies down.
List what you have: Curate a list of all the category gaps you have recognized whilst going through your wardrobe, like items you do not have enough of or need to update. If you have any special events coming up, update your list and follow the same.
Research: Surf the internet and look for your favourite stores offering discount or sale on new winter collections. See what styles and trends are in this season and begin scouting the best and most cost effective version of each item you need. Spending time beforehand figuring out which handful of pieces will make the biggest difference to your existing wardrobe will save you time and money in the long run.
Make an inspiration board: Use your favorite blogs and online shops to curate your favorite style inspirations and to figure out what you want your overall look to be for the season.
Assess your lifestyle: The perfect wardrobe should not only reflect your personal style but also your personal lifestyle. What you wear should compliment with how you live. Make sure you look through your social schedule for the coming season. People tend to be less social in the colder months so take this into consideration as you may need less dressier outfits and more casual easy to wear combinations.
Find your colour: For convenience and practicality, the majority of what you wear should be in a neutral colour palette of blacks, greys, whites and nudes, which allows for optimal mixing and matching which will keep your wardrobe feeling fresh.
Quality over quantity: Aim for a small wardrobe of high quality key pieces and low cost essentials that can coexist together beautifully to give you your own personal style. Look for quality pieces over a large amount of on trend items. And remember fit is everything.
Seasonal updates: Although on trend buying should be kept to a minimum it is still essential to buy a few trendy pieces to carry your core wardrobe through each season and to give your wardrobe a refreshing lift.
Buy what you love: Once you have clearly defined your overall style direction for the season and thought about what pieces you need, it is time to go shopping! Careful consideration of what you need beforehand will prevent impulse buys and overspending. You should love everything you buy and each piece should compliment your style and the rest of your wardrobe.
Create your own looks: Once all the shopping is complete, familiarize yourself with your new wardrobe and spend time putting together as many different outfits as you can for every scenario. Pay attention to detail like accessories and styling, and experiment using your inspiration mood board. Snap pictures of your outfits to reference later on, and to make getting up on those colder mornings a little bit easier.
"It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed."
"Envy comes from wanting something that isn't yours. But grief comes from losing something you've already had."


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Confronting the Unthinkable:
Suicide Bombers in Northern Nigeria
Published February 29, 2016
By Patricia Taft and Kendall Lawrence*
FFP Publication 303 01 1602
Report available in PDF and Flash formats
The use of women and children as weapons of war in northern Nigeria and in neighboring countries is undoubtedly horrific, there is often the tendency to paint the phenomenon with a broad brush that identifies the bombers as victims without agency, or the right of choice, in their fate. To the extent that this assumption has implications for response, it should be acknowledged that the question of agency is inevitably much more complex and uncomfortable. Certainly, no ten-year-old child can be said to be of a mental and emotional maturity to make such a fatal choice. However, the assumption that the women and children who have carried out these attacks are all abductees is false.
Click Here to read an Executive Summary of this report.
Download the full report in PDF format
* Charlotte Bellm also contributed to this report.
This report is based on research conducted by the Fund for Peace over the past two years as well as a series of interviews conducted over a weeklong period in Maiduguri, Borno state, and Abuja, FCT, in November and December, 2015. It is also based on analyzed data generated by the NSRP VAWG Observatory Platform, the Partners for Peace (P4P) Map (including data from Nigeria Watch and the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project– ACLED). The Council on Foreign Relations' Nigeria Security Tracker (NST), was also used in the research and writing of this report. All views expressed are solely those of FFP and are not reflective of its funders or partners.


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Friday, 24 March 2017
Staple Shift Sewing
5 comments:
Very nice. I love the fabric.. That style really suits youReplyDelete
You have been busy Jo! I was going to comment on your last post but haven't got around it yet. Love your shift dress, nothing beats a fancy fabric combined with a tried and tested pattern. I am working on a top just now, have made 1001 adjustments and am still not happy. I only own one dress that I actually wear, I am a bit of a lost cause when it comes to dressing well... but I do take inspiration from you! I guess dresses are not so practical for a bike commuter, it would be a real put-off for the drivers around me to see my thighs exposed :-) Must try the swayback adjustment, I bet it works with stick-out bums also. Have a fabulous weekend. xReplyDelete
You did a fantastic Jo as always Jo. I am impressed with the fabric, I love a nice fish, but you are right headless fish would not make it look near as nice.ReplyDelete
Fab, just fab. My winter work uniform is usually dress, tights and boots so I'd wear something like this to death. I bet they're really comfy? xReplyDelete
That is a clever fitting technique and the dress shows you perfectly in the swim of things. I have ditched all my dresses and found four basic long skirts that are comfy and hard wearing...wrinkle free! xxReplyDelete


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R32, Hakosuka, and our demo R35. From last year's Bulletproof select meet, via Night-Import.
This post has been rebroadcast from our Facebook fan page. To see similar updates, visit us at www.facebook.com/therealjdm.
R32, Hakosuka, and our demo R35. From last year's Bulletproof select meet, via Night-Import.
This post has been rebroadcast from our Facebook fan page. To see similar updates, visit us at www.facebook.com/therealjdm.
Vintage JDM dreams…
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Some of you may remember that Bulletproof had our 11th Anniversary meet this past October 15th; some of you were even there! We had fifteen Bulletproof Select Showcase cars on display. The Bulletproof Select stickers were designed by our GT-R specialist, Kris. Great job, Kris – love the Option font.
Here's the Bulletproof Select line-up. We were lucky to have extensive coverage of the meet by William Lee of Night-Import, as well as additional photos by James Younger and David Izrailov.
Check out all the carbon on that DreamzSport NSX. This thing caused quite a stir when it rumbled into the lot – full carbon fiber widebody, built motor with twin turbos, Brembo racing brake system, and finished off with some one-off vinyl graphics by the world famous Mana-P of MS-R Japan.
Full Powerhouse Amuze Vestito 370Z with our 2012 demo car. Photo by James Younger.
Jon's Evo with full Varis kit and Jason's Evo, flurry of 370Z and 350Zs leaving the lot, including Andrew's 370Z with full Powerhouse Amuse kit on Volk TE37SLs.
CR-Z with Mugen MF10s and Spoon BBK, our R35 demo car.
370Z with full Amuse kit (and exhaust) and Kelvin's Do-Luck widebody Evo. Photo by James Younger.
2012 R35 with brand_RR front lip and Esprit dry carbon wing, and more R35s galore!
When this guy rolled in, all eyes were on him – you could tell that everyone knew and respected the lineage behind this hakosuka GT-R.
I think that reaction perfectly demonstrates the high-level of rides and owners who were at our event. The day was all about quality; you could tell that by the cars that showed up. But more importantly, the quality of the attendees was top-notch. There was no tension between different crews or drama. Everyone was just there to have a good time.
Thanks to Night-Import for covering the meet, K1 for allowing us to take over their parking lot, Phamish for providing the tasty banh mi, and everyone who came out to enjoy all of the above!
For more photos and coverage of the event, check out our Facebook album and the post over on Night Import.
One of my favorite things about JDM culture is the community. I can't say how many interesting people I've met, from all walks of life, who are just as passionate about the quality and craftsmanship that goes into these parts as I am. It's always energizing and inspiring when that common bond is recognized, especially when it happens spontaneously.
That said, it is incredible when I'm doing something completely non-car related and I'm reminded of the vast community of JDM aficionados out there. A few weeks ago I went to a SoCal street art show and was pleasantly surprised to see the unmistakable mug of the original GT-R in this piece by Matt Spangler. His work does not involve cars usually (mostly robots) so I was shocked that the only car he had in any of his art was a hakosuka! It was a very random and cool find! Even if I didn't get to meet Mr. Spangler and discuss the realness of the hakosuka with him, I just was happy to know he's representing JDM cars (and JDM robots).
My apologies for the quality of this photo, but this Hakosuka was just too good not to post. How could anybody not love the red and bronze combo with perfect wheel fitment?
Longtime readers of this blog may know that I'm usually not a huge fan of red cars. I realize that I'm in the minority on this one, but I think it is one of the most played out colors for sports cars. Yet somehow the very oldest (Hakosuka GT-R) and very newest (2012 R35 GT-R) both look incredible in red. As a result I'm compelled to show a couple more red GT-Rs.
A side-by-side comparison really shows off the good genes that were passed down the GT-R lineage.
The row of red R35s above and the iconic headlights of the Hakosuka below were both snapped at the R's Meeting in Japan last month. Plenty of red GT-Rs there!
Here is a video taken last month at R's Meeting in Japan. This video gives the best impression of what it was like to be there. In the video you'll see me walk through perhaps the most epic parking lot of GT-Rs ever, starting with R34 GT-Rs and working back in time all the way to the legendary Hakosuka GT-R, all set to a musical backdrop tribute to the late great Japanese musician Nujabes.
I hope you like it!
For more on our time at the R's meeting, check out my guest blog post at Speedhunters: Guest Blog: R's Meeting Experience.
If you're hardcore into JDM tuning then you cant help but get excited checking out Rocky Auto's cars. These days there is not much quite as "gangster" as a hardcore tuned oldschool Fairlady Zs or Skyline. If you agree then most likely you'll agree that nobody does it better than Rocky Auto.
I've been a fan of their blog lately to get my fill of that JDM old school gangsterness. So I thought I'd share with you a few of the highlights for me in the past couple of weeks from Rocky Auto Japan.
Source: http://www.rockyauto.co.jp/blog/


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News Legit's Jack Dennis was president of the Texas Chapter of the Elvis Presley Fan Club from 1974-1978 and had the opportunity to speak with Elvis Presley twice. Following is an unedited and revised account by Dennis, used for several articles he wrote for newspapers and magazines at the time.
A few years ago, I visited Graceland, the home and final resting location of Elvis Presley in Memphis, Tennessee with my oldest son and father. It was a nostalgic tour, different from others I had taken, because this time more of Graceland was open to the public for viewing.
In May 1976 serendipity and luck were on my side.
When I left San Antonio on my way to Memphis, I could only dream I would have the very rare opportunity to walk in the back kitchen door of Graceland, much less meet Elvis.
It was particularly meaningful hearing the Graceland kitchen was now part of the tour and after 30 years, it would be nice to revisit my memory to see if it was sync with reality.
My brief walk in the back door of Elvis Presley's home at age 20 was very quick and somewhat surreal. I recalled it being very modern, brown and smelling like good home cooking.
The beginning of May 1976 was my target date to be in Memphis for several reasons. To increase my chances of seeing Elvis, I had to take advantage of several events simultaneously happening.
Spring Break for students of Texas State University (then, Southwest Texas State University) limited my travel time.
To increase the possibility of the superstar being home, I chose a special day. Elvis' mother, Gladys Presley was born on April 25, 1912.
The love of his mother was legendary, so odds were favorable he may visit her grave site at the Forest Hill Cemetery. Although Mrs. Presley died in 1958 while he was in the Army, fan club contacts said Elvis would still take nighttime trips to visit the cemetery often. (She is now buried at Graceland with her son, husband Vernon and Elvis' grandmother).
However there was a problem with this date.
Elvis was scheduled to start a concert tour in Kansas City on April 21 and ending April 27 in Spokane. So I chose Mother's Day, Sunday May 9th.
My trip itinerary was already set in stone when sudden sequences of events occurred to boost my likelihood of seeing Elvis.I received a call from a producer at WHBQ radio, a top 40 Memphis station inviting me to visit and be interviewed while I was there.
"It's going to be an exciting week," he told me. "It was just announced that tickets will go on sale for a July 5th Elvis' hometown concert and we want to be the station the fans listen to."
Hardcore Memphis fans would be at the Mid-South Auditorium with cots, tents and lawn chairs waiting in line for days. For me this meant famous gates of Graceland would be sparse from the usual local crowds.
My best contact for news and information for the fan club was Harold Lloyd, Elvis' cousin and a daytime guard at the Graceland gates. I had talked with him many times on the phone, but this was my first time to meet him in person.
Lloyd was a friendly man and it was easy to see why he was a favorite of fans.
I made sure to befriend Lloyd and night guard George Stolls by walking across the street to a restaurant called the Hickory Log. I would bring back burgers, sodas and sweet rolls.
During the day I met and made friends with Charlie Hodge, a "Memphis Mafia" buddy of Elvis known for giving his boss scarves and water on stage during concerts.
Hodge, who was tight lipped on any information, was friendly and we spent a few days occasionally playing games of pinball at the restaurant.
I also met a special man, who I had communicated with through his mother and caretakers over the years. Gary Pepper was president of the Elvis Tankers Fan Club since Elvis's Army days.
Gary would share news and items with me for Texas fans. It was an honor to meet with Gary and he was happy to see me. Gary had cerebral palsy and Elvis provided financial and emotional support throughout his life. Through Pepper and Lloyd, I was able to meet Vester Presley, Elvis' uncle.
I stayed up nights and slept part of the day to mock Elvis's habits. After several nights I returned from a nap at the nearby Howard Johnson's motel to find Lloyd grinning at the guard booth.
By this time they were letting me push the button (a thrill) to open and close the gates. I considered myself very fortunate to be able to even be inside the gates.
"We have a little surprise for you today, Jack," Lloyd said. "You are gonna' get to ride up to the back of the house with Vester when the mail comes. Is that alright with you?"
I can't remember what I said, but I do recall Lloyd laughing at my response.
When the mail truck drove up, Vester was called down by phone. My heart started beating fast as I saw a yellow paneled vehicle coming down the drive. We loaded a bag of mail in the back of his jeep type car and drove it to the office in the back.
Elvis' Uncle Vester was singing "One has my name, the other has my heart…" as we arrived in the backyard. I was on cloud nine. We were on the way to some offices in the back when a female called Vester from a back door of the Graceland house.
With the bag in my hand I followed him to the back door. He walked in and I stepped in right behind him. I don't know who the lady was, but surmised it was a cook or housekeeper. I just stood there in awe trying to memorize what I was seeing, but the thought of being in the kitchen of Elvis Presley made that difficult.
From my vantage point I could see the backs of some security television screens on a counter. I am sure they were pointed at the gate and other strategic locations around the 14 acre Graceland grounds.
Too concerned not about not making waves and being respectful to go in any further, I must have stood just inside the back door for at least 15 seconds. But it was 15 cherished seconds.
Just knowing Elvis was home at Graceland while I was in the kitchen in May 1976 was exciting enough.
I had already met Elvis's Uncle Vester Presley, his cousin Harold Lloyd (a security guard), and good friend Charlie Hodge.
I had visited and was interviewed on the colorful WHBQ radio station. Driving out to the Mid-South Auditorium, I saw thousands of Elvis fans, many who had been waiting in line for days sitting in lawn chairs, resting in tents and laying on cots for concert tickets for a rare hometown concert.
Lloyd told me Elvis had a new Harley Davidson motorcycle delivered earlier and thought he might be coming out that night.
While still daylight, I drove to the cemetery to locate Elvis's mother, Gladys Presley's burial site and returned with a bucket of chicken and drinks for Lloyd and his replacement security guard at the Graceland gates, George Stoll.
Stoll said it was a perfect night for Elvis to come out.
It was quiet, with "all the fans across town standing in line," he told me. "You know I would like to go to that show, but don't know if I can get off."
Stoll told me about Elvis flying him to Las Vegas and how thrilled he was to experience "flying into the desert over the mountains to see Elvis's concerts because I have never seen him perform."
Sometime after midnight the guard house phone rang. Stoll answered and motioned me to push the button to open the gates. I was honored, but very nervous because he didn't say who was coming down the drive. It was a motorcycle.
It passed us, exited the gates and turned right on the street.
"Nah. That's not Elvis," George told me. "That's Billy Smith, another cousin."
Occasionally we would see Smith drive by. We would keep the gate open as long as no fans were around.
Not long after 2 a.m. Stoll asked me to "watch the gate" and walked away from the small security house alongside the rock wall at the front of the property. I stood in the doorway and thought I heard Billy Smith returning.
No fans were around so the gate remained open. I walked out to the street to see which direction Smith was coming from. I could hear, but could not see him. Then it occurred to me the sound is not coming from the street, it's behind me.
"Oh my goodness," I thought as I looked back to the Graceland mansion. "Here comes Elvis."
Elvis Presley, wearing a black leather jacket and black helmet, was
approaching down the Graceland driveway. He slowed down as he neared the guard house. There was someone riding on the powerful cycle with him.
"Elvis is stopping," my mind went into a panic. "He is not going through the open gates!"
Looking puzzled he asked "Whar's the guard?"
I was speechless.
I pointed around the back of the guard house. Elvis turned off his motorcycle and got off. I noticed it was Linda Thompson, his beautiful girlfriend sitting on the back.
Elvis walked behind the booth and yelled "George. Hey, man watcha' doing back there?"
Then he laughed.
Stoll was obviously embarrassed. There was no restroom at the guard house and he wanted to save himself a long walk to the house. Stoll did not want to wait for a relief guard to come down, so he went to relieve himself behind the front gate.
"Peek-a-boo," laughed Elvis.
Stoll apologized. Elvis just patted him on the back and asked Stoll if he had seen Billy Smith.
"Not in a while," said George, zipping his pants and humiliated in front of Thompson. "He passes by every now and then."
"Who is this," Elvis Presley looked at me and put out his hand?
I shook it and said "Jack….Jack Dennis."
"Darn that sounded so dumb…like Bond, James Bond," my mind went in overload.
"Where you from Jack," Elvis asked? I could not believe I was shaking Elvis's hand and actually talking with him.
"San Antonio……..Texas," I suppose I yelled.
He laughed again. "Oh how stupid, he knows where San Antonio is, Jack," I was stuttering to myself now.
Then spontaneously, my mouth said, "My Dad's a detective there. A homicide detective."
Elvis lit up. He pulled out a wallet and showed me his badge. He was a deputy of Shelby County, Tennessee.
Stoll explained I was the president of his Texas fan club and then
Elvis showed me his new motorcycle. It was like a big kid showing a young kid his new bicycle. He was so proud of it.
Elvis started talking to George, so I asked Linda Thompson if it was okay if I took Elvis's picture. She nodded yes and I turned around to snap a photo of Elvis and George together. Then they got back on the motorcycle and left Graceland.
George told me that was the first time he had a picture taken with Elvis. I sent him a copy after my return to Texas. George and I corresponded by mail for at least a year afterwards.
I was so keyed up by meeting Elvis that I wanted to capture the conversation as quick as I could. The only thing I could think of was running across the street to the Hickory Log for some toilet paper.
I wrote down everything I could think so I would not forget.
Thirty years later, when I returned to Graceland with my father and oldest son, I had the chance to see the kitchen (from the inside view of the house) and it looked exactly as I remembered it.
I was particularly thrilled to see a Texas shaped plaque I presented to Elvis in August 1976, backstage in the Hemisfair Arena in San Antonio.


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The HTC Incredible is coming to Verizon...we all know that much. We've given you guys official specs, rumored launch dates, leaked manuals, and every little morsel and bit of information we could gather on this highly anticipated HTC built, Big Red supported device.
The latest leak regarding the HTC Incredible is an accessory line that popped up in Verizon's Equipment Guide. It's fairly standard stuff--cases, batteries, screen protectors--so there's not too much to take from it but one cool thing is that there'll be an extended 2150mAh battery for sale (orig is reported to be 1300mAh). Now that's juice. And you know once the Incredible is officially official, the Android Central store will have you covered on anything you want! [phandroid]
hit the jump for more pictures of HTC Incredible accessories!


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-Al Gore
Stop Hillary
It is time to Step Up and not Give In!
Stop illegal drugs and depressed wages!
Increasing energy costs hurt the poor the most!
Do more regulations and money buy us a better education?
I am talking to you, Labor Unions!
SOL (Save Our Lake) or we are SOL
Yes we did Build it!
For Our Children


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Han conquest of Dian(Redirected from Han campaigns against Dian)
The Han conquest of Dian was a series of military campaigns and expeditions by the Chinese Han dynasty recorded in contemporary textual sources against the Kingdom of Dian in modern Yunnan. Dian was placed under Han rule in 109 BC, after Emperor Han Wudi dispatched an army against the kingdom as the empire expanded southward.
|Han campaigns against Dian
|Part of the Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
The expansion of Han dynasty in 2nd century BC
|Han Empire
|Dian Kingdom
Dian was a kingdom in modern Yunnan, southwestern China. According to Han historian Sima Qian's Shiji, it was established by Zhuang Qiao, a general of Chu Kingdom during the Warring States period. He had been sent to the area as part of a Chu military campaign. When Chu homeland was invaded by the Qin, Zhuang Qiao stayed behind in Yunnan and established the Dian kingdom. The Qin was subsequently overthrown by the Han, and the commanderies of the new dynasty, Ba and Shu, bordered Dian.[2]
The earliest Han expedition against the Dian Kingdom was led by Tang Meng in 135 BC, who established the Jianwei commandery in the region. Han dynasty observers saw Dian as a potential periphery that can absorbed by the empire beyond its frontiers. The Dian Kingdom was a major business center, linked by networks of prosperous trading routes to modern South and Southeast Asia. The trade connections were seen as attractive to the Han rulers as they desired to capture the areas prosperous maritime trade routes. These incentives motivated Emperor Han Wudi to attempt to extend the Han dynasty's control towards the Dian Kingdom to secure access to trade routes of various products such as silk and bamboo.[3] Another incentive for the Han dynasty to expand against the Dian was the rich endowment of minerals and commodities such as iron, tine, silver, and lead that the territory of present-day Yunnan province offered.[4] The Han had been attracted by the wealth of the kingdom, which traded cattle, fruit, horses, and slaves. Han soldiers opened up new trade routes, then expanded further north, toward an area near Shu.[5] The commandery was later abandoned because of rising costs and the wars against the Xiongnu to the north of China.[6] A later Chinese expedition, heading south to established a trade route after a report on Central Asian trade in 122 BC, was captured by the Dian for four years.[6]
A military campaign dispatched by Emperor Han Wudi in 109 BC invaded and annexed the Dian Kingdom.[7][8] Sinification of these peoples was brought about by a combination of Han imperial military power, regular Han Chinese settlement and an influx of Han refugees.[9] The Yizhou commandery was established in the former kingdom.[5] Dian's surrender was verified by archaeologists, who discovered an imperial seal inscribed by the Han for the king of Dian.[6] There were a series of unsuccessful rebellions by the Dian against Han rule.[9] The first two incidents occurred in 86 BC and 83 BC. A rebellion in 35 BC–28 BC was suppressed by Chen Li, governor of the Zangge commandery. More violence surfaced during Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han emperor and reign in 9–23. Wang responded by dispatching military campaigns against the southwest. One campaign lost 70% of its soldiers due to illness. Another, with 100,000 men and twice the amount of supplies, had little success.[10]
There was also a rebellion in 42–45 and 176. During Emperor Mingdi's reign in 57–75, the Han expanded further, and established a new commandery in Yunnan, Yongchang, west of the former Dian kingdom in Yizhou. In 114, Dian tribes residing west of Yuexi/Yuesui Commandery accepted Han rule.[11] Emperor Huangti embarked on a sinicization campaign during his reign between 146 and 168 that introduced Han Chinese ethics and culture to the Dian tribes.[10] The process of assimilation of the Dian aborigines into Han Chinese culture was difficult as there were periodic rebellions from time to time. Rebellions and resistance were put down by the strong action of the Han dynasty's military superiority as the Dian Kingdom was eventually absorbed into the Han Empire.[11][9][12] Conquered by the Han dynasty, Han Chinese settlers began moving into the lowlands once occupied by the Dian. Over the centuries, the Dian were assimilated by the Han Chinese and were virtually extinct by the 12th century AD.[13]
Historical significanceEdit
The Dian were gradually displaced and assimilated into Han Chinese culture following the Han Empire's annexation of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC.[14][15] It is apparent in the artifacts uncovered by archaeologists in the area.[16] Mirrors, coins, ceramics, and bronze items manufactured in the Han style have been found in modern Yunnan.[17] Emperor Huangti encouraged and implemented the teaching of Chinese belief systems in Dian.[10][18] Dian artifacts, once visually distinct from the Han, borrowed heavily from Han imports by 100 BC, indicative of Dian's assimilation into Han Chinese culture.[19]
- ^ Marks, Robert B. (2011). China: An Environmental History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 978-1442212756.
- ^ Yu 1986, p. 457.
- ^ Summers, Tim (2013). Yunnan-A Chinese Bridgehead to Asia: A Case Study of China's Political and Economic Relations with its Neighbours (1st ed.). Chandos Publishing (published May 29, 2013). p. 30. ISBN 978-0857094445.
- ^ de Crespigny, Rafe (June 7, 2004). "South China in the Han Period". Australian National University Press.
- ^ a b Yu 1986, p. 457-458.
- ^ a b c Yu 1986, p. 458.
- ^ Han Dynasty. p. 70.
- ^ Mendoza, Rubén G.; Chacon, Richard J. (2017). Feast, Famine or Fighting?: Multiple Pathways to Social Complexity (1st ed.). Springer (published January 22, 2017). p. 139. ISBN 978-3319484013.
- ^ a b c Ebrey 2010, p. 83.
- ^ a b c Yu 1986, p. 459.
- ^ a b Yu 1986, p. 460.
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia; Walthall, Anne (2013). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Wadsworth Publishing (published January 1, 2013). p. 53. ISBN 978-1133606475.
- ^ Marks, Robert B. (2011). China: An Environmental History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 978-1442212756.
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia; Walthall, Anne (2013). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Wadsworth Publishing (published January 1, 2013). p. 53. ISBN 978-1133606475.
- ^ Marks, Robert B. (2011). China: An Environmental History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 978-1442212756.
- ^ Xu 2005, pp. 279-281.
- ^ Xu 2005, p. 281.
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia; Walthall, Anne (2013). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Wadsworth Publishing (published January 1, 2013). p. 53. ISBN 978-1133606475.
- ^ Watson 2000, p. 88.
- Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2010). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-12433-1.
- Xu, Pingfang (2005). The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09382-7.
- Watson, William (2000). The Arts of China to Ad 900. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08284-5.
- Yu, Yingshi (1986). Denis Twitchett; Michael Loewe, eds. Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220. University of Cambridge Press. ISBN 978-0-5212-4327-8.


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Madigan has spent nearly $170,000 in campaign funds on baseball tickets in 2017
Illinois House Speaker Mike Madigan reportedly uses his large quantity of Cubs and White Sox tickets as gifts for his political volunteers, but his history with professional sports teams in Chicago isn't so generous.
The Major League Baseball season is still young, but that hasn't stopped one powerful Illinois politician from already spending thousands of dollars on tickets to games.
Illinois House Speaker Mike Madigan has spent nearly $170,000 of campaign funds on tickets for the Chicago Cubs and White Sox in the first quarter this year, with $122,869 on Cubs tickets and $46,245 on White Sox tickets, according to new campaign disclosure reports reported by the Chicago Sun-Times.
Madigan's spokesman Steve Brown says the speaker doesn't use the tickets himself but uses them as "thank you" gifts to volunteers and supporters. Not only is that a large quantity of tickets – the Cubs tickets were the biggest itemized expenditure Madigan reported for this first quarter – but the large payments to Chicago's baseball teams are a far departure from his attitude historically toward the city's sports teams.
While he may be dishing out thousands to the Cubs now, Madigan stood in the way when the Cubs were trying to acquire lights at Wrigley Field in the 1980s, eventually becoming the last Major League team to install lights at their home ballpark. Madigan teamed up with then-Chicago Alderman Ed Vrdolyak in fierce opposition to allowing the Tribune Company, who then owned the Cubs, from getting its lights.
The crux of the opposition was Vrdolyak's desire for more favorable coverage from the Tribune. Both Madigan and Vrdolyak were Democratic Party bosses and Madigan made sure to help lead the fight in Springfield. Vrdolyak was successful, getting a 42-2 vote in Chicago City Council to ban lights at Wrigley in 1983. The Tribune Company then proceeded to try to get the General Assembly in Springfield to override Chicago's ordinance, which is where Madigan stepped in and blocked the company again.
The battle with the city and state for lights almost proved costly for the north side ball club, as the Cubs came just one win away from the 1984 World Series – in which they would have had to sacrifice home field advantage to comply with a national television schedule that needed night games.
In a blistering 1985 editorial, the Tribune wrote:
"Mr. Madigan made sure the Cubs weren`t successful in getting the state legislature to override the city ordinance preventing the Cubs from installing lights and playing some night baseball in Wrigley Field during the regular season.
"Mr. Madigan and his law firm represent a lot of people who end up doing business with state government. Largely because of the vacuum of leadership in Springfield, Mr. Madigan has obtained a position of extraordinary power in the legislature. You come by him or you don't get by. And if your cause happens to conflict with that of someone closer to him that you are, forget it …
"To handle Mr. Madigan, you have to make some kind of deal. Take him some incense, myrrh, maybe some silk from the East and kneel when you go before his throne. Then maybe, just maybe, you`ll get lucky and he'll throw you some scraps from his legislative table. That`s what everyone else has to do."
But things changed when Vrdolyak, who formerly led the Cook County Democratic Party, became a Republican in 1987 and led criticism against then-Mayor Harold Washington's $79.9 million dollar property tax hike. Madigan, who runs a law firm specializing in property-tax appeals in Cook County, stopped assisting Vrdolyak in his lights crusade. Political motivation gone, Madigan didn't speak up once the Chicago City Council passed an ordinance allowing lights in 1988.
The lights fiasco shows how far Madigan's iron grip over the state extends – from the state's legislative rules and political mapmaking, all the way to professional sports. But other sports owners have been able to avoid the stranglehold by playing ball with the longtime House speaker. Chicago White Sox and Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf has made large donations to powerful politicians in the city and the state over the years, including Madigan, Senate President John Cullerton, Attorney General Lisa Madigan and both former Gov. Pat Quinn and Gov. Bruce Rauner. When Reinsdorf threatened to move the White Sox to Florida in the '80s unless he received taxpayer funding for a new stadium, then-Gov. Jim Thompson balked and, with Madigan and the General Assembly, created a politically stacked board to make sure the White Sox remained in Chicago.
The General Assembly created the Illinois Sports Facilities Authority, or ISFA in 1987 to provide taxpayer funding for the construction and renovation of stadiums for professional sports teams. The ISFA owns Guaranteed Rate Field, formerly U.S. Cellular Field, and is the party benefitting from the new money in the Guaranteed Rate naming deal. The ISFA also oversaw the renovations to Soldier Field in the early 2000s, and is still handing out taxpayer money to the Chicago Bears for that deal to the tune of $36 million just this year.
Former ISFA Chairwoman Perri Irmer, who served from 2004-2011, claimed in a 2013 lawsuit the ISFA exists as "nothing more than a cash cow puppet for Reinsdorf," not to serve its intended purpose of economic development through sports stadiums. But with its potential influence over professional sports teams in the state – which are large, wealthy private businesses – there isn't much likelihood for reform or elimination of the IFSA.
Madigan – and other state and city politicians – have made clear they view sports organizations in Illinois as tools for political ends. If Madigan's volunteers are attending Cubs games under the lights at Wrigley or White Sox games at the taxpayer funded Guaranteed Rate Field as "thank-you's" for their political work, the historical evidence is right in front of them.