text:
Packaging Challenges 2014
New pharmaceutical packages not only protect proteins, but also prevent counterfeiting
Editor's Note: The market for pharmaceuticals is changing. Sensitive biopharmaceuticals require more robust packages. Counterfeiting has to be prevented with special seals and codes, and additional package features are necessary so that patients can safely administer medication themselves. Pharmaceutical companies and the packaging supply chain are faced with huge challenges. The packaging sector currently has a multitude of innovations in store for the pharmaceuticals industry, many of which will be found at interpack 2014, May 8 – 14, 2014 in Düsseldorf, Germany. There, about 1,100 of the roughly 2,700 exhibitors will offer solutions for the pharmaceuticals industry.
When the medicinal products market was still dominated by blockbuster medicines, the pharmaceutical companies had it relatively easy: They developed active substances that could be used to treat a large number of patients and produced medicines against widespread ailments such as high blood pressure and diabetes by the millions in standardized mass processes. Thus, the big multinationals earned billions year after year.
But times are changing. "The market for biopharmaceuticals with selective action and greater potency is growing in importance. Scientists are delving ever deeper into biochemistry and identifying new goals," explains Klaus Raith of the German Pharmaceuticals Society. Visiongain, the British market research company, confirms this trend. According to its findings, annual sales of biopharmaceuticals are currently experiencing double-digit growth, and a continuing rise is forecast for the next 10 years. This is forcing pharmaceutical companies to adapt. Some biomolecules readily decompose, while others are highly aggressive and attack the surfaces of primary packages. Containers with improved barrier properties and enhanced impact resistance are therefore required in order to reliably protect precious biosubstances. More flexible production processes are also called for, capable of precisely dosing even the tiniest quantities of active substance.
It's imperative pharmaceutical manufacturers take measures to safeguard medicines better against counterfeiting. Under the new EU Anti-Falsification Directive, virtually all prescription medicines will have to be provided, as of 2017, with a unique code number and a feature showing that the outer package has not been tampered with. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are becoming a growing hazard for patients. According to studies by the World Health Organization, the counterfeiting rate among medicines sold via dubious websites is already 50%. The customs authority puts the share of counterfeits in Europe at 10%. No one is safe from product counterfeiting.
Issues like self-medication and user safety are becoming increasingly important. Injections that only doctors used to give can now be self-administered by patients. To prevent injury, inbuilt safety needles retract immediately after injection.
The packages of the future will be even more versatile. The Finnish-Swedish packaging manufacturer Stora Enso and Göteborg's Chalmers University of Technology, for example, are developing an intelligent package designed to simplify communication between patients and doctors. The package records precisely when a tablet is removed. If the doctor's prescription is not observed, the patient receives a wireless reminder — sent to his or her mobile phone, for instance. Such consumer-friendly solutions demand a difficult balancing act from pharmaceutical manufacturers, who have to integrate extra features while also keeping costs under control.
The pressure to cut costs is passed on by the pharmaceuticals industry to the packaging sector. "Today's requirements in the pharmaceuticals sector are tough — in terms of both innovation and boosting efficiency in the drive to cut costs," explains Richard Clemens, managing director of the Food Processing and Packaging Machinery Association within the German Engineering Federation (VDMA). Developers are therefore working hard on new packaging solutions and improvements in equipment for the production of medicines. "Pharmaceutical manufacturers need solutions that give them new room for maneuver in production," says Christina Rettig, spokesperson of glass specialist Schott (Germany). The company ranks among the leading suppliers of primary packages made of glass and has developed special glass vials for biomedicines that have a super-thin lining of silicon dioxide on the inside. In manufacturing, Schott makes use of chemical vapor deposition in which, after the reaction of a precursor gas with oxygen at high temperatures, silicon molecules are deposited on the glass wall. "The silicon layer prevents protein interactions with the package surface and protein adsorption — sensitive biopharmaceuticals thus stay stable," Rettig explains.
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text:
Dry Coniferous Forest [Blue-Listed]
While salal dominates the understory in most Douglas-fir forests, on sites where there are more nutrients and moisture available, it becomes replaced with sword fern. Along the edges there may also be grand fir, cedar and even bigleaf maple. Although the mix of species is common on Salt Spring, there are only a few places where it forms a dominant and well-defined community.
Photo by Ryan Batten

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Live Chat Performance Benchmarks: A Statistical Analysis
How do you measure the success of your live chat strategy? This report dives deep into the data behind one of today's largest live chat user communities to identify the key benchmarks on which to measure success. Leveraging aggregated data from thousands of live chat customers engaging in chats for sales and service purposes, this report uncovers benchmarks around: Live chat engagement; Proactive chat and expected chat volume; Unavailable, unanswered and abandoned charts; Live chat satisfaction and conversions. Sponsored by BoldChat


text:
Madison, give me some good news.
Two closes, 3,200 shares.
Yes, that is what I like to hear.
Yeah, don't get your hopes up.
get ones hopes up 高い期待を抱く、期待を寄せる
I already got dibs on that one.
get dibs on 最初にもらう番だ 優先権がある
Does she know that?
Since when does that matter?
Since when 一体いつから〜になっちゃったの?
I'm Brad.
You must be, uh... Nick Halden?
Guilty as charged.
Guilty as charged おっしゃるとおり。
Hey, uh, your U5 says you were terminated from Lehman Brothers.
terminate 〜を終わらせる
Yeah, the market crashed.
Wasn't feeling the love.
Oh, you couldn't find a job working anywhere else?
Wasn't interested.
I want to make some real cash.
Listen, our turnover rate is huge.
turnover rate 出来高率
High volume, high money.
You make sales, you get paid.
You know what?
Don't waste time taking down client information.
Just transfer it over to the girls over there.
They mop up.
mop up 仕事を完了させる
It's women's work, anyway, right?
Yeah, okay.
Let's do this.
Hang on a second.
I haven't hired you yet.
You, take a break.
Let's start your interview.
Wanna give me some numbers?
Yes. Take your pick.
This 216 area code feels lucky.
You got that?
Getting ready to reroute the call now.
reroute 別の経路に切り替える
Is there anybody in particular you want me to send it to?
Come on, newbie.
Mr.Charles Fairweather is waiting for the deal of a lifetime.
deal of a lifetime またとない取引
What am I selling him?
The dream, which today is Rhymer Pharmaceutical.
Mr.Fairweather. Speaking.
My name is Nick Halden, and I want to be your broker.
I've already got a broker.
How's he doing for you?
He make any money last year?
Nobody made any money last year.
That's not true.
If you were with me, you would have netted 3%.
net 利益を得させる
That's after the crash.
I don't believe you.
Well, you got an e-mail address.
I'll send you my earnings report right now.
Biotech and alcohol were up.
How did you get my number?
Your old broker.
He's not smart enough to keep you to himself.
What do you do for a living, Charlie?
I'm a history teacher, but I'm not interested...
The only history that's worth a damn is the history we make today.
You know who said that?
I believe Henry Ford said that.
Yes, he did, and he was right.
Have you heard of Rhymer Pharmaceutical?
Of course you haven't.
'Cause your job is to teach, and my job is to know about companies like Rhymer before everyone else.
You know when you don't buy a stock?
When your cab driver tells you about it.
Now, if you'd known about IBM before the invention of the microchip, would you have bought in?
Of course.
Well, Rhymer is poised for a breakout on the same scale.
poise 〜の準備をする
Monday, the FDA will approve them to begin clinical trials on a quantum confined nanotechnology that has the potential to transform cancer medicines.
quantum 量子 confined 閉じ込められた
And I can get you in on the ground floor.
get in on the ground floor 最初から参加する
That sounds like insider trading.
Not at all.
No, it's completely legit.
Look, pore over a thousand pages of scientific technical BS.
pore 熟考する、じっくり考える
So I can make you rich at 3 bucks a share.
Let's start small, okay?
A thousand shares.
I double that for you next week, and then we get serious.
get serious 大事になる、大変なことになる、重大になる
Sounds nice, but I'd have to ask my wife.
Oh. Your sale just died, rookie.
Mr.Fairweather, if you invest with me, the only question you'll have to ask your wife is what kind of hardwood floors does she want in her new house.
I don't know.
Life comes down to a few moments, Mr.Fairweather.
pore 熟考する、じっくり考える
This is one of them.
He's good.
I'm in.
But let's make it 5,000 shares.
Thank you.
I'll transfer you over to one of our girls, and she'll take your information.
So, how did my interview go?
Believe me, I wouldn't be giving you this information if I didn't feel confident enough to own a few thousand shares myself.
What do you mean you don't invest over the phone?
Look, the Cuban missile crisis was solved with a phone call.
missile ミサイル
We have to move on this right now.
You don't get rich buying into a high market.
The market is down.
What do you need, an engraved invitation?
engrave 〜を深く刻み込む、銘記する
Look, you want the good things in life what are you gonna do?
Are you gonna work harder?
No, you're gonna invest smarter.
Oh, Jones, turn that down.
The college tuition is gonna be covered.
tuition 授業料
See, now you're starting to talk like a smart investor.
Look, this is a stepping-stone to your first million.
stepping-stone to 〜への足掛かり
All right, I appreciate your business.
Come on, crazy eight, let's go.
Crazy eight?
You land close to eight whales in one day, you can buy your own nickname.
land 手に入れる、入手する、獲得する
Time to hit the bars!
Oh, no, we're not going with them.
Why not?
He wants to meet you.
The man behind the curtain.
If Caffrey goes out of range, we'll lose his audio.
That's okay.
He's still recording.
That's him?
That's Avery.
The guy on the left.
He is the youngest guy to have a seat on the New York exchange.
He's the man with the plan.
He finds the stocks, fronts the cash, we do the legwork.
front 前払いする legwork 歩き回る大変な仕事
Who's he talking to?
His business partner.
He looks upset.
Usually they work together.
Our room is all Avery, which is why they're not exactly simpatico right now.
simpatico 同じ気質の、うまが合う
Keep that to yourself.
Keep that to yourself 他の人に言うなよ
You must be my new rainmaker.
rainmaker 神の手を持つ人物、奇跡を呼ぶ人物
I see you're having problems with your associate.
I don't want to get pinched because you're having domestic troubles.
You've got balls.
You've got balls. 度胸があるな
I like that.
What my business partners and I discuss isn't of your concern.
So go relax.
Have fun.
Not cool.
It's a little early for you to be calling it a night, isn't it?
Yeah, well, I got the man behind the curtain.
Name is Avery Phillips.
All right, I want to get moving on this.
Meet me in the office in an hour.
I'm in your neighborhood.
Why don't we meet at your place?
My place?
Yeah, it's a little late for the Bland Bureau walls.
Besides, you have better coffee.
Yeah, I do.
Coffee, my dear.
Oh. Thank you, Mrs.Burke.
You're welcome.
I was gonna be up in...
Six hour anyways.
Thanks, honey.
All right. Let's see what you've got recorded here.
That's him?
That's Avery.
The guy on the left. ...to have a seat on the New York exchange.
That's a good start.
Lauren's pulling up intel on Phillips.
Check your e-mail.
Got it.
Well, Avery's been very busy.
I'm gonna go rummage through your drawers and steal your most precious belongings.
rummage くまなく捜す
I'm kidding.
I need to go to the bathroom.
First door on your left.
Leave the seat down when you're done.
I'll be damned.
Everything all right?
Never been better.
Never been better 最高だよ。


text:
President Trump and his friend "Jim" may have a little explaining to do. "We have to be smart". On the red carpet with wife Amal in the city to receive an honorary Cesar - France's equivalent of the Oscars - Clooney quipped: "Yes, no one wants to go to Paris any more because it's awful here, apparently". Read More »
World News
Six Nations - Italy lead England 10-5 at half
It meant this was a real scare for England, which started the defence of its Six Nations title with narrow wins over France and Wales. Italy started positively in their trip to London and were nearly first on the scoreboard before Tommaso Allan shifted his early penalty attempt wide of the left post following Nathan Hughes' illegal move at the breakdown. Read More »
Joel Embiid Out Indefinitely With Knee Injury In Sixers Star's Latest Setback
The only game he's played since was the January 27 nationally televised loss to the Rockets. Ben Simmons has undergone a further procedure on his right foot as the Australian No.1 draft pick tries to make it back to the practice court. The 76ers announced Monday that Joel Embiid will be sidelined indefinitely due to his left knee injury. The third overall pick in the 2014 NBA Draft, Embiid sat out the entire 2014 and 2015 seasons while recovering from a broken foot. Read More »
Sweden doesn't recognize 'national security adviser' interviewed on Fox News
Bildt later denied claiming he was a Swedish security expert, taking a leaf out of Trump's book in blaming Fox. Swedish military and foreign-affairs officials said they have no knowledge of the man, who goes by Nils Bildt . He was also fined $111 (£89), which is recorded as paid. Bildt was convicted of a violent crime, assaulting a law enforcement officer, obstruction of justice for threatening an official, and public intoxication in 2014. Read More »
8-Year Old Girl Is Shot And Killed After Traffic Accident
Police said a white Pontiac Grand Prix was either racing or being chased by another vehicle down West Fuqua Street when the white auto ran a red light. Thomas said she laid her daughter on the ground and that's when she noticed Atkin's jacket was stained with blood. "I thought she was still asleep", Thomas said. Read More »
Iran, Russia agree to jointly produce nuclear fuel
Known as the Joint Commission, the panel oversees the accord and addresses issues arising from its implementation. The agreement that the United States, Britain, France, Germany, China and Russian Federation reached with Iran in 2015 restricts Iran's nuclear activities in exchange for the lifting of global sanctions against the Islamic Republic. Read More »
UN Syria sanctions vote sought next week; Russian Federation vows veto
Britain, France and the United States have been seeking sanctions after an investigation by the United Nations and an global chemical weapons watchdog organization determined previous year that the Syrian government was behind at least three attacks involving chlorine gas in the civil-war-ravaged country. Read More »
Al-Bab entirely liberated from Daesh, Manbij, Raqqa next
Many others are said to have been wounded in the attack, which happened at a checkpoint controlled by Turkey-backed rebels in the village of Sousian. Most of those killed were civilians who had gathered to return to the town that had been liberated from ISIS the day before. Read More »
Russia's UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin dies suddenly
Churkin's body was returned to Moscow, where a farewell ceremony will be conducted Friday. Churkin died in a NY hospital on Monday, one day short of his 65th birthday. It was Churkin, as President of the UN Security Council in October, who had announced the selection of Guterres as the next UN chief. His fluent English, fashionable appearance and friendly, sometimes humorous, exchange with lawmakers marked a departure from the tone lawmakers had come to expect from the Soviet Union. Read More »
Blair defends Guantanamo release for 'Isis bomber'
Mr Blair said: "When his release was announced in very measured terms in 2004, pointing out the risks which remained with Guantanamo detainees , .Conservative MPs reacted by strongly criticising not the release, but why it had taken so long". Read More »
JK Rowling's support for Muslim campaign to fix Jewish cemetery triples donations
In response, Muslim-American activists Linda Sarsour and Tarek El-Messidi started an online campaign to raise funds for the cemetery's recovery and to "send a united message from the Jewish and Muslim communities". At the time of publication, the campaign had raised more than $80,000. In an interview with Israel's Army Radio, Anita Feigenbaum, the cemetery's executive director, said that she does not think that the Jewish cemetery was targeted at random. Read More »
Islamic State bombings kill 2 in eastern Mosul
Consolidating the gains lays the groundwork for the Iraqi troops' next stage of the operation: entering Mosul's more urban neighbourhoods with old and narrow streets, a densely built-up area with a population of up to 750,000 people. The commander overseeing the US -led anti-ISIS coalition, Army Lt. Gen. Stephen Townsend, said Monday that USA forces are fighting closer to the front lines under authorities granted during the Barack Obama administration. Read More »
China suspends all coal imports from North Korea
THAAD , which South Korea agreed in 2016 to be deployed on its territory by the end of 2017 with the stated aim of countering threats from North Korea, serves as one of the main irritants in Beijing-Seoul ties. Moreover, China's willingness to use sticks has often been transient. Coal is North Korea's largest export item, and also China's greatest point of leverage over the regime. Read More »
US Homeland Security Directives Outline Aggressive Immigration Enforcement
The US Department of Homeland Security issued two new memos that flesh out how it will carry out US president Donald Trump's crackdown on illegal immigration . The current memos are still considered draft documents, and need to be reviewed by the White House Counsel's Office before they will go into effect. Under the Obama administration, this policy was used for immigrants who'd been in the country for less than two weeks and who'd been caught within 100 miles of the border. Read More »
Islamic State fires more rockets Into southern Israel from Egypt
An ISIS rocket previously fired at Israel. "Forces are searching the area", the statement read. They were reportedly planning to launch missiles. On 9 February, a volley of rockets from Sinai targeted the southern Israeli resort city of Eilat, with three intercepted by the Iron Dome missile defence system and the fourth exploding outside of the city. Read More »
Greek Bailout Deal Delayed for Months as Deadline Missed Again
Once there, discussions will commence on the exact nature of the reforms Greece will have to undertake in order to get its hands on more bailout money. The talks now appear set to continue during election campaigns in the Netherlands and France, which euro zone officials have said may make a final deal more hard. Read More »
Tony Blair calls for people to 'rise up' against Brexit
Sign up to our daily newsletter for your chance to win. Tory MP Dominic Raab said: " Tony Blair , who allowed uncontrolled migration from the European Union when Labour was in power, refuses to accept the decision people made last June". Read More »
Auto bomb kills child, injures 15 in southeast Turkey
The suspect is between 18 and 20 years old, the governor said. No individual or group has claimed responsibility for the blast yet, but Ankara usually blames militants of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) for similar bombings in the country's southeastern regions. Read More »
Powerful storm Brings Flooding to California
Rain will fall on the Southland from tonight through Saturday morning, including unusually heavy rainfall on Friday as a result of the region's most powerful storm so far this season, forecasters said, warning of flash flooding and cascades of mud and debris down slopes stripped bare in wildfires. Read More »
Trump promises 'a lot of love' to counter anti-Semitism
No. 2, racism. The least racist person. "[Turx] said he was going to ask a straightforward question ", Trump harumphed. "I mean, the President went out of his way to recognise the Holocaust and the suffering that went through it and the people that were affected by it and the loss of life and to make sure that America never forgets what so many people went through, whether they were Jews or Gypsies, gays, disability, priests", he said. Read More »
Meeting in Astana Seeks Mechanism to Regulate Truce in Syria
Jihad Makdissi, a representative of the Cairo Group of political opposition, told TASS his group will not participate as part of the HNC delegation. The regional brokers met separately for talks with regime and rebel delegates on Thursday in the Kazakh capital Astana . Read More »
North Korea leader's half-brother and rival is dead in a suspected assassination
Outside analysts had once assumed that Kim Jong-nam, the eldest son of former leader Kim Jong-il, could be the intended heir after his father, whose own father, Kim Il-sung, founded the Democratic People's Republic of Korea after World War II. Read More »
Kenyan private doctors to strike after colleagues jailed
While delivering the ruling, Justice Hellen Wasilwa said the doctors' application has no merit. The 5,000-member doctors' union wants the government to implement a deal agreed in 2013 to raise basic salaries by 150 to 180 percent, review working conditions, job structures and criteria for promotions, and address under-staffing in state hospitals. Read More »
Trump vows to 'very strongly' respond to North Korea
South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff said in a statement that the missile was sacked from around Banghyon, North Pyongan Province, which is where South Korean officials have said the North test-launched its powerful midrange Musudan missile on October 15 and 20. Read More »
Child rights activist Kailash Satyarthi's stolen Nobel Prize replica recovered
Along with recovery of stolen valuables including replica of Nobel Peace prize, three people have been arrested by the police. Mr Satyarthi yesterday said that he was pained at the theft of his Nobel citation and ornaments given to his wife by his mother as they were precious for the family. Read More »
Tour bus crashes in Taiwan, at least 32 dead
Taiwan News cited a preliminary investigation by highway police as saying that the group was on its way back to Taipei follow a trip to the Wuling Farm to view the cherry blossom. Of 44 people on the bus, 30 were pronounced dead at the scene and two died in hospital, the fire department said, adding that 12 people were still being treated in hospitals around Taipei, the capital. Read More »
European Union leader: USA 'committed' to Iran nuclear deal
This is a new era for US relations with the European Union. "I was reassured by what I heard in my meetings on the intention to stick to the full and strict implementation of the agreement in all its part", Mogherini told France 24. Trump has said the deal is awful, and Flynn put Iran "on notice" last week for test-firing a ballistic missile, raising the prospect of spiking tensions between Iran and the United States. Read More »
Turkish troops, Syria rebels enter IS-held town of Al-Bab
He said there had been a communications failure, adding: "There should not have been Turkish soldiers within the limits of these coordinates". Turkey's Operation Euphrates Shield was launched on August 24, 2017 with the aim of ridding its borders of the presence of terrorist groups including Daesh and the YPG, a Syrian-offshoot of the PKK, which the United States and Ankara designate as a terrorist group. Read More »
Phoenix mayor calls deportation of undocumented woman a 'travesty'
A total of seven protesters were arrested , Phoenix police said on social network Twitter . The role of President Trump's executive order tightening enforcement of illegal immigration laws is another point of contention. In a statement , ICE said Rayos' removal was finalized by the Department of Justice in May 2013. "Her only crime was to work here so she could support us". Read More »
Brazil accuses Canada of unfairly supporting Bombardier — WTO
The province of Quebec, where Bombardier is based, injected $1 billion into the company's CSeries program a year ago. Last year, Bombardier scored an order from Delta Air Lines Inc DAL.N for 75 CSeries jets, worth some $5.6 billion at list prices, beating out Embraer's competing E-Jets with below break-even prices, according to the Brazilians. Read More »


text:
Thank you very much dear friends for all your lovely comments in my previous post. Few of your comments here:
2. Martha, you're going to have to learn how to cook the spaghetti so that it doesn't clump up. by Hilary
3. "Does this thing come with instructions?" by Jennifer
4. Dang kids, they sealed up the door again! by SquirrelQueen
5. "I wish she had used that detangler I gave her for Christmas!" by Sandy
6. "I'm building my own eco house!" by Ekaterina Trayt


text:
IT managers and other decision-makers can face overwhelming burdens in the face of a disruptive event (whether a natural disaster, cyber attack or other misfortune). They are often faced with assessing immediate, post-catastrophe priorities and determining business-critical functions in order to get things moving and keep them moving.
Use the resources here in the Knowledge Network to help you efficiently plan for and quickly recover from whatever life throws at you and your business. We offer definition documents that tell you exactly what you need to know about key concepts relating to risk management, disaster recovery and business continuity.
Don't forget to look at IT Business Edge and our other network sites for more information and expert opinions. Know your real risks and have a plan to deal with them so that the IT show can go on.
Check out these related IT Business Edge and Knowledge Network resources. Our editors and partners offer a variety of informative perspectives and helpful tools.
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NIST Contingency Planning Guide for IT Systems
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text:
- Products
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- Articles
North Face® Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc® in Chamonix
Will Gadd Unleashed
BD Athlet Will Gadd blickt auf mehr als 25 Jahre Entwicklung und Test von Black Diamond Ausrüstung zurück. Mehr erfahren >
Rusty Willis And The Four Finger Fuel
Nach dem Verlust seines kleinen Fingers hatte Rusty Willis Schwierigkeiten, das richtige Eisgerät zu finden... bis das Team von Black Diamond die Lösung fand. Mehr erfahren >
Kurt Astner establishes new ice climbs in Norway
Black Diamond athlete Kurt Astner took an ice climbing trip to Norway in March 2011, and recently sent us the following report of the stellar WI6 climbs he developed with his partner, Helmut Rauegger. Mehr erfahren >
BD athlete Kyle Dempster reports on new route on the south face of the Ogre with fellow BD athletes Hayden Kennedy and Josh Wharton
Black Diamond athletes Kyle Dempster and Hayden Kennedy ticked the unclimbed east face of K7 then went to the Choktoi Glacier and teamed up with Josh Wharton to climb the Ogre. Mehr erfahren >
BD athlete Mike Libecki reports on his solo expedition to Russia's Frans Josef Land
This past summer Libecki, with the support of the Mugs Stump Award (of which BD is a founding member) and Polartec Challenge Grant, headed to the untouched region of Russia's Franz Josef Land. Mehr erfahren >
Black Diamond Athlete Mason Earle on 24HHH
Arkansas's 24 Hours of Horseshoe Hell is notorious for its wacky team names, bomber sandstone and wild after parties. Despite having an aversion for competitions, Black Diamond athlete Mason Earle, along with teammate Nik Berry, took the 24HHH by storm this year, shit talking Alex Honnold, grunting through 5.8 cruxes and winning the team division while setting a new high score. Mehr erfahren >
The Nosewipe: A Camp VI Cleanse
Camp VI on El Cap's Nose is notorious for being a trash repository. This fall, during the annual Yosemite Facelift, Black Diamond Athlete Sam Elias and employee Dave Campbell joined National Park Service members in an effort to clean up the trash pile that had, over many years, wedged itself into the camp's crack. They pulled out more than 150 pounds of trash, including a sardine can from the 70s, a perfectly usable belay seat and a pair of soiled underwear. Mehr erfahren >
BD athlete Brittany Griffith loves the Mountain Project App
Black Diamond athlete and perpetual road-tripper Brittany Griffith gives her two cents on the Mountain Project smartphone app, now available for free download with the support of Black Diamond. Mehr erfahren >
Sonnie Trotter: The Prow Wall
Black Diamond Ambassador Sonnie Trotter's climbing career is full of impressive first free ascents throughout his homeland of Canada. Earlier this year, he freed one of his proudest: The Prow Wall, a 200-meter shield of smooth granite on Squamish's Stawamus Chief. The story behind the eventual free ascent was 20 years in the making and here, Sonnie shares the moments and people that were part of the experience. Mehr erfahren >
QC Lab: To Screamer or not to Screamer?
This post comes direct from QA Manager Corey LaForge, who returned from a recent ascent of the Eiger Norwand with some questions about Yates Screamers that he promptly put to the test here in our lab. Mehr erfahren >
QC LAB: Via Ferrata
This month, KP and the crew discuss a via ferrata accident (NOT involving Black Diamond gear) that happened in Europe this summer, along with the ins and outs and proper use of via ferrata equipment. Mehr erfahren >
QC Lab: Weakness of Nose-hooked Carabiners
I've seen and/or heard of only a handful of carabiners that have broken in the field, and most have broken in the same way: nose hooked. The nose of the carabiner gets hung up on something. Mehr erfahren >
QC Lab: Welches ist der beste Knoten zum Abseilen?
Rappel knot choice (Double Fisherman's, Ring Bend or Euro Death/Overhand) has always been up for a large amount of debate. Mehr erfahren >
QC Lab: Worn Anchors
Over time cold shuts, leaver biners and chain links wear from countless lowers. Will these grooved-out anchors hold? Will the sharp edges trash your rope? Mehr erfahren >
QC Lab—Re-slinging Camalots and C3s
One of the most common questions we get at Black Diamond is regarding reslinging our Camalots, Camalot C3s and Camalot X4s. Gear doesn't last forever and eventually your cams will need to be reslung. Mehr erfahren >


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Raj Kumar Sukul and the Peasant Upsurge in Champaran
G LEFEBVRE expressed a historian's anguish when he wrote:
We must pay more attention to the obscure leaders and the people who listened to them...It was on them that the business depended... it is there that we must seek the explanation of what took place. The people and their unknown leaders knew what they wanted...who then are these leaders to whom the people listened? We know some, nevertheless, in all the decisive days of the revolution, what we most would like to know is for ever out of our reach; we would like to have the diary of the most obscure of these popular leaders; we would then be able to grasp, in the act so to speak, how one of these great revolutionary days began; we do not have it.1
The tale of woes of the indigo ryots forms one of the blackest chapters in the annals of colonial exploitation. It may be a pure accident, but is certainly a fact, that at the very moment when the British abolished, first the slave trade (1807) and then slavery itself in the British dominions (1833) slavery was introduced by the British in India in another form. Recognizing the incompatibility of ^trowel in one hand and the sword in the other,9'2 the British government abolished commercial monopoly of the East India Company and removed all restrictions on European immigration into India by the Charter Act of 1833. In spite of the denunciation by


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By Massad Ayoob
You, a citizen, hear gunfire and learn a bank is being robbed and innocent people are in danger. Police haven't yet arrived on-scene … and you have a gun at hand.
A danger ignored is a danger unleashed. Rifles are better than handguns for gunfights. Defensive firearms must be easily accessible and ready to go. And, yes, determined armed citizens absolutely can beat murderous criminals at their own game.
The "Great Northfield, Minn., Bank Robbery" of 1876 ranks among the most spectacular of armed citizens' triumphs against violent criminals in the history of the US. On Thursday, September 7 of that year, eight men rode into Northfield, wearing calf-length duster coats to conceal the heavy handguns in their belt holsters — while mounted on fine thoroughbreds. By contrast, most Northfield residents used horse-drawn wagons and buggies for transportation, and dusters weren't common local garb. Long after, one researcher would comment it was rather like a band of Hell's Angels roaring into a quiet town on choppers, wearing their colors and expecting to go unnoticed.
It turned out they were noticed by townsfolk, but largely ignored. They had filtered in days before. As early as the previous Saturday, a townsman had recognized one of them as the notorious bank robber and killer, Jesse James. He tried to warn others. No one, apparently, took him seriously.
Shortly after 2:00 p.m., the robbery went down. Three men entered the First National Bank. Historians may debate this, but the general consensus is the three men were: Jesse's brother Frank James, his cousin Bob Younger and Charlie Pitts. Cole Younger and Clell Miller followed this initial entry team, according to Carl Breihan, the historian and former police commissioner who wrote The Escapades of Frank and Jesse James. Other researchers believe they stood guard outside the bank's front door. Waiting farther away as "outriders" — perimeter guards of the primary robbery team — were Bill Chadwell, Jim Younger and possibly Jesse James, though some believe he was with the gang's "entry team."
What happened next would take place on two battlefronts — inside the bank and on the streets outside it.
Inside The Bank
As the entry team burst into the bank, nickel-plated revolvers drawn, some of the employees initially thought it was a joke. The bandit later identified as Frank James clarified the situation for them by yelling, "Throw up your hands, for we intend to rob this bank, and if you holler we will blow your God-damned brains out!"
The employees stalled for time. When James insisted the cashier identify himself, acting cashier Joseph Heywood blurted, "He's not in." The robbers took time to give the bank employees a cursory pat down for weapons, and only found a jackknife in the pocket of assistant bookkeeper Frank Wilcox, which they ignored.
Frank James held his revolver inches from Heywood's face and demanded he give them access to the money, but Heywood replied coolly there was a time lock on the safe he couldn't open. This was a bluff: The safe door was unlocked and only a handle-turn away from being opened. It was at about this point the inside robbery team heard a commotion on the street outside, and then gunfire.
This predictably aggravated the mood of the criminals inside. Charlie Pitts drew a knife, put it to Heywood's neck, and threatened to slash his throat if he didn't get them the cash immediately. The cashier managed to break away from him and run toward the door, shouting "Murder! Murder! Murder!" Frank James furiously pistol-whipped Heywood to the floor.
Another bank employee thought about taking action. In his excellent book on the Northfield incident, Shot All to Hell, Mark Lee Gardner writes, "During the commotion with Heywood, (bank teller Alonzo) Bunker slowly edged over toward a shelf below the teller's window — his eyes on a loaded .32-caliber Smith & Wesson revolver he could see there. But Younger saw the teller's movement and also spotted the revolver. The outlaw snatched the pistol from the shelf. 'You needn't try to get hold of that,' Younger said as he slipped the revolver into a pocket. 'You couldn't do anything with that little derringer anyway.'"
James fired a shot near Heywood, presumably to intimidate him. Bunker took advantage of the distraction to run to the back door. Charlie Pitts chased him and managed to put a bullet through his shoulder, but the teller escaped.
Roughly at this point, Cole Younger rode his horse up to the front door of the bank and screamed to his henchmen inside, "For God's sake, come out! They are shooting us all to pieces." Bob Younger and Charlie Pitts ran outside. Enraged, Frank James fired a shot at Heywood, missed, then walked up to him and shot him in the head point-blank — killing Heywood instantly — before he followed the others out.
In The Street
The robbery had blown up in the James-Younger gang's face almost immediately. Two townsmen, J.S. Allen and Henry Wheeler, were among the first witnesses to spot what was going on. Gang member Clell Miller grabbed Allen and drew his gun, shoving it in the man's face and snarling, "You son of a bitch, don't you holler!" But Allen was able to pull away and run. As he did so, Wheeler shouted, "Robbery! They are robbing the bank!" The frustrated Miller fired at him, but missed. Wheeler sprinted around a corner and out of the line of fire as he raised a cry that would be remembered word-for-word forever after …"Get your guns, boys! They're robbing the bank!"
The boys did exactly that.
Allen owned a hardware store nearby, and began handing out guns and ammo to all who were willing to fight. The first to get into the action was a farmer named Elias Stacy, grabbing a shotgun from Allen. Seeing Clell Miller mount his thoroughbred, Stacy cut loose with the shotgun. Witnesses said Miller appeared to be blown off his horse by the blast.
However, he was back on his feet momentarily: In the haste of the moment, the ammunition shoved into the shotgun had been birdshot instead of buck or ball. The tiny pellets hit Miller in the face, painfully disorienting him, but none penetrated through the skull or reached the eye sockets.
Up the street was another hardware store, owned by one Ansel Manning. He snatched a Remington rolling block single-shot rifle in one hand and a fistful of cartridges, stuffing one into the chamber on the run. Emerging onto the street, he and two of the robbers saw each other simultaneously. The gang members ducked down behind their horses.
Thinking quickly, Manning deprived one outlaw of cover by simply shooting the horse with a .45-70 bullet. As the animal collapsed, Manning took cover to reload, but found his rifle had jammed.
At this point, author Gardner recounts, "(Pharmacist George) Bates, positioned in the front door of a clothing store, had secured a shotgun and aimed it at the bandits. But try as he might, he could not get the gun to go off. Disgusted, he tossed the shotgun away and grabbed a fine revolver — only to discover it was unloaded. Still, whenever a rider came close, he pointed the empty revolver at him from the doorway, shouting 'Now I've got you.' Each time, the robber spun his horse and fired at the druggist, who ducked inside amid showers of glass and wood splinters."
The Fight Continues
Henry Wheeler, who had shouted the call to arms, finally got one himself at a nearby hotel, the Dampier House. It was a Civil War-vintage Smith percussion carbine and the clerk only had four paper cartridges and caps for it. Quickly loading the rifle and running upstairs to a higher vantage point, he fired from a window at Jim Younger but missed both him and his horse. By the time he reloaded, his best target was Clell Miller, who was also mounted.
Bracing the fore-end on a windowsill, Wheeler squeezed off his second shot and Miller toppled off his horse. The gunman attempted to rise, but then collapsed. The .50 caliber slug from the old cap n' ball had torn through his shoulder and transected the subclavian artery. Miller, out of the fight, quickly hemorrhaged to death.
Cole Younger dismounted, and seeing his friend was dying, stripped him of his guns. At this moment, he was hit in the hip: Ansel Manning had gotten his .45-70 back up and running. Gardner writes, "Cole was lucky the shot had not done more damage than it did, as Manning's bullet first struck one of the stairway's balusters, taking some of the energy off the lead bullet, as well as deflecting its path." It was at this point Cole Younger began yelling to his cohorts inside the bank to come out and abandon the mission.
Manning reloaded the Remington again, and his next target of opportunity came in the form of Bill Chadwell. Firing offhand — from 80 yards, according to historian Breihan — he center-punched Chadwell, who moments later slumped off his horse and died in the dusty street. Another of the gang ran up to him and stripped his corpse of his revolvers, too. ("If you die, we get to split up your gear" may not be as new a meme as some think.)
Cole Younger — clearly enraged at the way things were going — took aim at a man in the street and fired. Nicolaus Gustavson, hit in the head, collapsed instantly. He would die some time later of cerebral edema induced by the wound. A new immigrant from Scandinavia, he most likely couldn't speak English and therefore didn't understand the warnings being shouted up and down the street.
By now, the "inside team" was emerging from the bank. Bob Younger, finding his horse dead, aimed at Manning. Gardner relates, "As Bob swung his revolver up to shoot Manning, the hardware dealer leveled his rifle at (the) outlaw, who promptly darted behind a box beneath the stairs. Bob kept his revolver up, its hammer at full cock, waiting for a chance to fire. For a few seconds, the two weaved back and forth in a deadly game of peek-a-boo, until Cole yelled at Bob to shoot through the stairs. Manning retreated behind the stone corner as Bob's bullets popped jagged wooden splinters off the staircase."
Meanwhile, Wheeler had reloaded his Civil War relic, and came to Manning's rescue with a shot shattering Bob Younger's right elbow. Younger gamely grabbed his revolver with his left hand and kept shooting, but to no avail.
By now, most of the gang was in the saddle. Bob Younger, one arm dangling and his horse dead, cried out "My God, boys, you're not going to leave — I'm shot!" His brother Cole grabbed Bob by his good arm and swung him up behind him onto his own horse … and the gang galloped out of town.
The Pursuit
According to most researchers, what followed next was the biggest manhunt in American history at the time. Many in the ragtag posse were citizens who had taken up arms to pursue the thieving murderers. Though the fantasy would persist the James's and the Younger's were Robin Hoods who only stole from the rich — bank deposits weren't insured in those days and the citizens knew the money the gang tried to steal was their own lifesavings.
The pursuit was far too involved to relate here, and I'd strongly encourage readers to peruse All Shot To Hell by Mark Lee Gardner, a book I've mentioned already. This work appears to encompass the most detailed research into this incident ever compiled.
The hunt lasted a week; most of the unseasonable, constant and chilling rain made it difficult for the fugitives with no shelter and little food. The James Brothers struck off on their own, abandoning their three cousins, the Youngers — two of whom were seriously wounded — and Charlie Pitt.
The posse caught up with Pitt and the Youngers on September 14 near the little village of Madelia, Minn., at the Watonwan River. They refused an order to surrender, and chose to shoot it out. If Cole Younger thought they were being shot to pieces in Northfield, he "hadn't seen nothin' yet."
Watonwan County Sheriff James Glispin faced off with Charlie Pitts, five yards apart in a stand of willows. They fired simultaneously. Pitts, with a revolver, missed. The sheriff, with a single-shot rifle, didn't. His bullet centered Pitts high in the sternum, dropping him instantly and fatally.
As the firefight continued, the posse outgunned the outlaws. Jim Younger was the first of the brothers to drop, rendered unconscious by a bullet shattering his jaw, lodging in his palate. Brawny Cole Younger went down next; hit multiple times including a bullet in the head, barely missing the brain. Bob Younger, his gun empty and wounded again, finally declared surrender. All had been shot multiple times. It was over at last.
The Younger brothers survived to go to prison. Bob died there of TB in 1889. Jim and Cole were paroled in 1901, Jim committing suicide a year later. Cole Younger made a living writing about his life and doing a Wild West show with Frank James. Cole died from natural causes in 1916. The James brothers escaped. Jesse formed a new gang and member Robert Ford later murdered him in 1882. Frank James surrendered to the Governor of Missouri with a sweetheart deal to keep him from facing trial for the Northfield raid. Tried and acquitted for two lesser crimes, he lived as a free man for decades, dying of natural causes in 1915 at age 72.
Chadwell and Pitts had been known to go by other aliases, creating confusion as to the names of the non-related gang members. Today's historians generally agree it was Chadwell who died in Northfield, and Pitts, in Madelia. Henry Wheeler, one of the courageous armed citizens, was a medical student and reportedly ended up with at least one of the dead criminals' bodies for study purposes.
The gang left the bank with only $26.70.
When you hear gun prohibitionists claim armed citizens will have no chance against criminals, consider this: The armed citizens of Northfield blasted half of the 8-man gang, killing two and wounding two. None of those armed citizens were so much as wounded. The two innocents slain, and the bank man who was wounded, were unarmed and helpless to fight back against the murderers. Beyond those injuries were only cuts and minor graze wounds on the good guys' side.
According to some accounts, the citizens inflicted even more damage. In Jesse James, Legendary Outlaw, Roger Bruns writes on September 17, 1876, the still-fleeing James brothers forced Dr. Sidney Moshier to "treat Frank James' wounds. His left leg had been badly shot up at Northfield." Another account has Jesse slightly wounded also, meaning the armed citizens may have shot as many as six of the eight bandits.
Danger ignored can quickly become danger unleashed. There had been ample warning, and ample time to call in authorities. It didn't happen in Northfield. When a resident mentioned the ominous strangers to former Police Chief Elias Hobbs, Hobbs blew him off as being "too suspicious." Hobbs, unarmed, had wound up impotently screaming at people to throw rocks at the robbers as the gun battle went down in the street.
Decrepit, obsolete weapons one must run to retrieve and load will terribly slow down response to criminals who strike heavily armed, with their guns loaded and in hand. Birdshot is not the munition of choice for dealing with homicidal criminals. You want a gun sighted-in for you. Manning wisely chose the one gun in his inventory he had personally fired, and knew where it hit: His Remington allowed him to shoot Chadwell out of his saddle at 80 yards.
It appears none of the good people were carrying their own concealed handguns that day. If they had been, the odds might have quickly evened on the street outside the bank when Clell Miller started the shooting there.
Inside the bank, the murderous robbers ruled. The one staged gun teller Bunker was hoping to reach wasn't where he could easily access it before he was "under the gun" himself. Had the employees been trained and equipped to quickly draw and open fire when the trio initially burst in, the outcome inside the bank might have been vastly different.
On the hardware side, note the armed citizens with long guns prevailed against murderers with handguns. In an abstract from a paper presented at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Conference in 2008, James A. Bailey, Ph.D., stated: "The attempted Northfield bank robbery led to the demise of the infamous James-Younger Gang. The bank robbers armed with revolvers were no match for the citizens armed with rifles and a shotgun."
A tip of the Handgunner cap to Mark Lee Gardner, whose recent book Shot All to Hell: Jesse James, the Northfield Raid, and the Wild West's Greatest Escape is the "authoritative text" on this incident.
Source: Lessons of the Northfield, Minn., Bank RaidAmerican Handgunner | American Handgunner


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Schools of History
Walter Laqueur
- Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives by Alan Bullock
HarperCollins, 1187 pp, £20.00, June 1991, ISBN 0 00 215494 3
- Stalin: Breaker of Nations by Robert Conquest
Weidenfeld, 346 pp, £18.99, September 1991, ISBN 0 297 81194 0
'About Hitler I can't think of anything to say,' thus Karl Kraus in a famous aside in 1935. But a great deal has been said about him ever since and no one has been better at saying it than Alan Bullock. His Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, published in 1952, is still the best biography, and one of the best books on the Nazi phenomenon in general. Only a very few other works come to mind which are in the same league: Konrad Heiden's history of the Nazi Party and his Hitler biography – but they appeared in 1932 and 1936 respectively – and Joachim Fest's fine work of 1972.
The full text of this book review is only available to subscribers of the London Review of Books.
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Vol. 13 No. 18 · 26 September 1991 » Walter Laqueur » Schools of History
page 20 | 2233 words


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Methods and toolsThe main tools of EEG comprise energy-system models. This type of model refers to a process-oriented representation of the energy system with technological detail. The energy-system models used by EEG are from the MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) and TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL EFOM System) family of models (Fishbone et al., 1981; Loulou et al., 2005), a group of perfect-foresight, energy-system optimization models that represent current and potential future energy technologies. Such models are typically used to determine the least-cost configuration of the energy system for a given time horizon under a set of assumptions about end-use demands, technology characteristics and resource potentials. In addition to energy-system models, EEG continues to develop and apply MERGE-ETL, an integrated assessment model (Kypreos 2007a,b; Marcucci and Turton 2012). To support the groups modeling activities, EEG is a member of the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP) of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The ETSAP program supports the development of the MARKAL/TIMES family of models and related user interfaces and data management tools.
Overview of tools and frameworks
The models currently used at EEG are as follows:
- Swiss TIMES energy system model (STEM)
- European Swiss TIMES Electricity Model (EUSTEM)
- Global Multi-regional MARKAL (GMM) model
- GMM-MCDA: Integration of GMM model and MCDA
- MERGE-ETL: Global integrated assessment model
- Cross-border electricity market model of Switzerland (BEM)
- PeSto
- Hydropower Dispatch Modeling
- Swiss energy-system MARKAL model (SMM)
- European energy-conversion MARKAL (EuroMM) model
- Model Coupling: Energy-system models with macro-economic models
Swiss TIMES energy system model (STEM)In the Swiss TIMES energy system model (STEM), the full energy system is depicted from resource supply to end-use energy service demands (ESDs), such as space heating, mechanical processes, and personal/freight transport (in vehicle- or tonne-kilometre). The model represents a broad suite of energy and emission commodities, technologies and infrastructure as illustrated in the reference energy system below. The model also combines a long time horizon (2010-2100) with an hourly representation of weekdays and weekends in three seasons. The model is used to identify the least-cost combination of technologies and fuels to meet future ESDs (which are given exogenously based on a set of scenario drivers), while fulfilling other technical, environmental and policy constraints (e.g. CO2 mitigation policy). The model outputs include technology investment and energy commodity use across all sectors, which can be aggregated to report primary energy supply and final energy consumption, seasonal/daily/hourly electricity demand and supply by technology type, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, cost of energy supplies, and the marginal cost of energy and emission commodities, among others.
See Model documentation and publications for details
European Swiss TIMES Electricity Model (EUSTEM)EUSTEM is a multiregional electricity model of Europe. It is an extension of the Cross border Swiss TIMES electricity model (CRoSSTEM), by extending the geographical scope to include wider EU electricity markets (as shown in Figure). The model covers 90% of the total installed capacity and 95% of the total electricity generation of EU-28 + Switzerland and Norway. EUSTEM optimises electricity supply for an exogenously given electricity demand over a long time horizon (to account for long term policy goals and investment decisions) while simultaneously representing sufficient intra-annual detail (i.e., seasonal, weekly and hourly) to account for variations in electricity supply and demand. The model encompasses a wide range of electricity generation technologies and related electricity and environmental policies of all 11 regions. EUSTEM was developed using the TIMES framework.
The regions in the EUSTEM model
See Model documentation and publications for details
Global Multi-regional MARKAL (GMM) modelThe global multi-regional MARKAL (GMM) model provides a long-term (2100) bottom-up representation of the global energy system, with a detailed representation of energy supply technologies and an aggregate representation of demand technologies. The model has recently been disaggregated into 15 world regions. Specific assumptions on the dynamics of technology characteristics, resource availability and demands are applied for each region. GMM has been developed sequentially over several years at PSI, with specific studies focusing on electricity sector, technology learning, hydrogen, biofuels and transportation (Barreto 2001; Rafaj 2005; Gül et al. 2009; Densing et al. 2011). The model has been used for analysis of long-term transportation scenarios, with Volkswagen and recently in an ongoing partnership with the World Energy Council (WEC) (Densing and Turton 2011).
The 15 regions depicted in the GMM model
GMM-MCDA: Integration of GMM model and MCDAPSI's Global Multi-regional MARKAL (GMM) model is extended by the integration of Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) indicators.
More information is provided on the GMM-MCDA project website.
MERGE-ETL: Global integrated assessment modelMERGE-ETL is an integrated assessment model combining a bottom-up description of the energy system disaggregated into electric and non-electric sectors, a top-down model based on a macroeconomic production function, and a simplified climate cycle. This model has been progressively developed by PSI from the MERGE model of Manne et al. (1995)). The integrated approach in MERGE-ETL accounts for linkages between economic activity and the energy sector, such that the model determines endogenously energy demands, prices, technology choice and economic output. In addition, technological learning is represented in MERGE-ETL by two-factor learning curves for technology investment costs, applying the paradigm of technology clusters described in Seebregts et al. (2000) (Kypreos 2007; Magne et al. 2010; Marcucci and Turton 2011). The regional disaggregation in MERGE-ETL has been revised recently to provide a more contemporary representation of important political groupings (Marcucci, 2012).
Recent work on the model has included the review and update of energy technology input assumptions based on recent literature estimates; review and update of the climate sub-model to better reflect recent estimates of climate sensitivity, the carbon cycle and the influence of the ocean on temperature change; and implementation of increased detail in the representation of nuclear technologies and fuels, given recent developments and interest in nuclear policy (Marcucci, 2012). MERGE-ETL has been applied to explore uncertainty related to global climate and nuclear policies in the wake of the Fukushima disaster, focusing on the impact on Switzerland (Marcucci and Turton 2012). MERGE-ETL was also used in the AMPERE project.
ReferencesKypreos, Socrates (2007). A MERGE model with endogenous technological change and the cost of carbon stabilization. Energy Policy 35: 5327–5336.
Magne, Bertrand, Socrates Kypreos, and Hal Turton (2010). Technology options for low stabilization pathways with MERGE. The Energy Journal. Special Issue 1 31: 83–108.
Manne, Alan, Robert Mendelsohn, and Richard Richels (1995). MERGE: A model for evaluating regional and global effects of GHG reduction policies. Energy Policy 23: 17–34.
Marcucci, Adriana. (2012) Realizing a Sustainable Energy System in Switzerland in a Global Context. Ph.D. thesis, ETH Zurich.
Marcucci, A. and H. Turton (2012). Swiss Energy Strategies under Global Climate Change and Nuclear Policy Uncertainty, The Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 148 (2), pp. 317-345.
Marcucci, A. and H. Turton (2011). Analyzing Energy Technology Options for Switzerland in the Face of Global Uncertainties: An Overview of the MERGE model, NCCR climate Research paper 2011/05.
Seebregts, A., Bos S., Kram T., and G. Schaeffer (2000). Endogenous Learning and Technology Clustering: Analysis with MARKAL Model of the Western European Energy System. International Journal of Energy Issues 14: 289–319.


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Title: In Blue Poppy Fields
Author: Ciaran Dwynvil
Genre: Gay/Erotic/BDSM/Paranormal/Fantasy
Publisher: Self-Published/Indie
Release Date: March 20, 2013
Jade's Rating: 5 stars
Book Blurb:
This mesmerizing gay erotic paranormal fantasy belongs to Guardian Demon Series that will hold you prisoner to unforgettable stories of life, love and lust set amid an intriguing fantasy world. Dwynvil's unique storytelling will captivate you by vivid imagery, narratives told from multiple points of view and explorations of the darker side of D/s theme where safe words aren't used.
A victim to another man's cruelty, talented and beautiful theater actor Adhemar Lebeau learned not to trust and not to love anybody but himself. Falsely accused of his master's murder, he has to accept assistance of mysterious Count Sanyi Arany to later discover his savior is a vampire. Forced both by a fatal illness and aftershocks of torture experienced during his unjust imprisonment, Adhemar agrees to the only possible cure. Rebirth.
Healed in body but not in mind, he guards his independence, free will and heart. He is not able to give love, only the fulfillment of lust. Yet, satiation of sensuous longing is not enough for his Sire and he knows it. When an eerie malady strikes and seems to deplete Sanyi's life energy for unknown reasons, Adhemar understands his fears and agrees to keep a street boy, Reyach, as a pet for both of them in hope it will soothe the unspoken worries.
Out of necessity he finds himself in the role of the only hunter in their company, and out of attachment he accepts the responsibility readily. Indulgence in blood and carnal pleasures fill his nights and vampiric powers give him the feeling of safety. Until the evening when he carelessly falls prey to High Demon Belial's plays that quickly turn into more than either of them has bargained for.
In spite of a hard start, Adhemar feels burning urge deep in his heart and no matter how much he denies it, the cause of the strange sensation is a budding seed of affection brought to life by the insufferable demon. But letting Adhemar learn to love somebody other than him is not what seemingly innocent Reyach plans.
Read an excerpt here and here.
Jade's Review:
Gripping and emotional, sometimes painfully so, In Blue Poppy Fields is yet another masterpiece from the pen of Ciaran Dwynvil. His unique style of storytelling weaves a mesmerizing tale of the lives of his benefactors, as he affectionately refers to them, in their lust for life and love. Having already read the first two books in the Guardian Demon series, Trails of Love I Crawl Parts 1 and 2, I had high expectations for this book, and my expectations were far surpassed.
In Blue Poppy Fields grabs your attention from the very first line when Adhemar Lebeau, beloved diva of the stage adored by all of the audience of Cibinium, finds his master deceased in his bed and the killer long gone. He doesn't regret the loss as the man had abused him for years but knows that he will be blamed for the crime. And so readers embark on a harrowing journey along with him as he tries desperately first to avoid the blame and then, once the blame has been laid squarely upon his shoulders, to prove his innocence and survive deadly dungeons, ghastly torture methods, and the swift justice of Cibinium. After calling on his savior, the Count Sanyi Arany, the story gets a little more complicated as Adhemar learns he is the Count's favorite. Tended to by the Count's man Vincent, who is much more than he seems, but fighting against both Sanyi's affections and his own illness, Adhemar's health declines rapidly until drastic measures must be taken in order to save him. Enter the seemingly innocent boy Reyach, a brougham ride to the next city which unexpectedly and inexplicably drains Sanyi of his energy, and later an encounter with High Demon Belial, and Adhemar's life as the darling of the stage in Cibinium is left far behind him.
Instead he finds himself occupying a different stage, on which he first tests Sanyi's limits and desires and later finds his own limits pushed to the very edge of breaking by Belial. I'll note here for potential readers that the book contains elements of BDSM throughout, D/s in particular, so pass on it if that isn't your cup of tea. I suppose those sections could be skipped over, but you would miss significant moments, leaving gaps in the story. Just as in real life, the sexual and intimate aspect between characters plays a very important role in their lives and interpersonal relationships. The same can be said about the vivid imagery of the torture Adhemar endures while in the dungeon. It is necessary to understand his thought processes and motivations, and it is so well written that I can't imagine any reader wanting to skip over it.
Just as in the previous books written by Ciaran Dwynvil, the characters in In Blue Poppy Fields will capture readers' imaginations and steal their hearts. Adhemar longs to be loved and adored by his audience and he deserves every praise and every applause; gentle Sanyi, struggling to accept what he is, just wants for his favorite to return his feelings; their man Vincent who tirelessly takes care of them and somehow knows exactly what each of them needs even when they don't; Reyach who, because of what he is, can only take and never give anything in return; and Belial…well, we get a taste of his magnificence towards the end of the book and are promised much, much more of it in Part 2.
After the whirlwind ride that had me on the edge of my seat and ended in such euphoria, I was left aching for more. The beautiful writing style, characters that will take hold of your heart and refuse to let go even after the written story ends, catastrophe and triumph, steamy and sensual erotic scenes, heartache, joy…it is all, as the tagline of the series says, a tale of lust for life and love. If that sounds like a story you would enjoy, then In Blue Poppy Fields is the book for you.
Buy In Blue Poppy Fields at: Amazon | Smashwords
Find Ciaran Dwynvil at: his website | his blog | Facebook page | Goodreads | Twitter
*Please note: I loved this book so much that I chose to write a review for it.


text:
Sound of the Spirit
According to jazz trombonist and composer Craig Harris, the most interesting facet of his music is that he reinvents the familiar for his audiences. A major figure in the jazz movement since 1976, Harris brings God's Trombones to MCLA for this year's Margaret A. Hart '35 Gospel Fest, the next performance in the MCLA Presents! series.
The concert is Sunday, December 6 at 3 p.m. in the MCLA Church Street Center.
"Using improvisation is key," Harris says of his work. "Every performance will have something introduced that's different from the last performance. That's the beauty of it."
"Having watched this project from its genesis at MASS MoCA eight years ago through its highly successful sold-out runs at Harlem Stages and the world famous Apollo Theater, it is great to have God's Trombones back home in North Adams," says Jonathan Secor, director of special programs at MCLA. "Many know Craig Harris as the ultimate performer, but with God's Trombones, he truly proves his genius as a composer. The music moves you, whether you wanted to be moved or not."
God's Trombones takes James Weldon's Johnson's seven sermons in verse and transforms them musically. While Johnson compares the compelling and persuasive qualities of a folk preacher's voice to the trombone, Harris takes the work a step further. This brass player makes his trombone speak.
"We just try to deliver a sonic sermon," Harris explains. "It becomes everybody's story as opposed to one person's. It's faith-based as opposed to religious-based. Sound is an extension of spiritual experience. It draws people to a simpler spirituality. Just the sound of the spirit draws people in."
He often deals with icons in creating his music.
"I'm a trombone player and James Weldon Johnson is an icon in America," he explains. "I read his sermons and it just fit," says Harris. "The title was God's Trombones and it was simple. It's a beautiful title."
Harris says his favorite thing about performing is touching and moving people.
"I always hope when we perform that there's a spiritual experience between the audience and ourselves," he says. "It's that interchange between the audience and the musicians. That's so exciting. When you know you really touch someone, that's so rewarding."
Tickets to the December 6 concert are $20 for general admission and free to MCLA and Williams College students. All proceeds benefit the Margaret A. Hart '35 Scholarship.
This event is co-presented by the Williams College Dance Department and MCLA's African, Latino, Asian, and Native American (ALANA) Student Clubs and Organizations.
Voices of Unity, a student choir from MCLA, will open the show.
For tickets, call (413) 662-5204. MCLA Presents! is a project of MCLA's Berkshire Cultural Resource Center. For more information, call (413) 664-8718, or go to presents.


text:
On a damaging day for the U.S. stock market, enterprise-focused stocks got hammered just like everything else. But their prospects during a downturn are better than most, according to analysts contacted by VentureBeat.
At the end of trading Monday, the Nasdaq was down nearly 7 percent for the day, after U.S. debt rating was downgraded to AA+ by Standard & Poor's at the end of last week.
At the end of trading, many enterprise-focused stocks had dropped sharply, but in most cases not quite as badly as the broader market, including Oracle (-7.94% for the day), Cisco (-6.69%), Microsoft (-4.60%), IBM (-3.39%), and Google (-5.70%). Their performance suggests the business technology sector may be nearly as vulnerable to poor market conditions as the overall market.
Daniel Morgan, portfolio manager with Synovus Securities, said the market is in an "emotional" state at the moment following the downgrade of U.S. debt and last week's revision in first quarter GDP, and that the drop of key tech stocks might be an overreaction.
"The economic recovery is not as strong as investors had initially thought," Morgan told VentureBeat. "But when it comes to enterprise stocks, many of these companies have strong overseas growth and some have overall strong financial positions."
Morgan spotlighted HP, Dell, and Cisco as companies that look like they could stagnate, but said we won't be able to tell for sure until we see their third quarter performance. But he said Google and Apple, two companies that market both on the enterprise and consumer front, and are both suited to weather a recession better than most.
Andrew Bartels, vice president and principal analyst at Forrester Research, said as long as the economy grows—even slowly—then tech companies should continue to grow at twice the rate of the market itself. Bartels said companies in unsteady times are more likely to invest in technology than in personnel, which means enterprise-focused companies are in a solid position.
"Generally enterprise and tech companies have fared better in downturns," Bartels said. "Even with slow economic growth, these types of companies will see revenues rise."
However, Bartels notes there is a 25 to 30 percent chance the U.S. is headed back to a recession. And if the U.S. goes back down that road, we should expect tech companies to fall at the same pace as the market.
"Tech companies in the current environment can expect growth at 10 percent or higher, but if you're back in a recession, it drops to 6 to 7 percent growth," Bartels said.
Michael Gartenberg, a research director at Gartner, covers the interconnected consumer market and companies like Apple. He said the ripple effects of the market can affect companies in the short term, even ones with a history of strong sales.
"If we look at Apple's sales in 2008 to 2009, it held up well even during a recession," Gartenberg said.
What do you think about the current state of tech stocks?
Photo of a panic button by Ilovememphis.


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text: On April 8, social work majors traveled to Tallahassee to attend the National Association of Social Workers Legislative Education and Advocacy Day (LEAD) with other social work students and professionals from across the state. Students advocated for groundbreaking legislation in areas such as child welfare and human trafficking. They met with legislators and attended committee meetings where important bills were being proposed. As the morning came to a close, students met with Warner University alumna and Board Member, Senator Denise Grimsley. The social work majors learned the importance of advocacy and the necessity of representing the voice of the vulnerable and oppressed in our state.


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J.B. Stradford, the son of a freed Kentucky slave, rose to prominence in Oklahoma during the early 1900s as one of the key developers of the all-black Tulsa enclave Greenwood. A lawyer and businessman, Stradford owned the 65-room hotel that sat right in the heart of the thriving community that would later become known as "the Black Wall Street."
But in a single day, all of that would change. On May 31, 1921, the arrest of a young black man on a questionable charge of assaulting a young white woman touched off the deadliest race riot in U.S. history. Whites charged through the community in retaliation, leaving an estimated 300 people dead, another 10,000 black residents homeless and 35 city blocks in ruin.
The video below is courtesy of CBS/The History Channel:


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IAEA Radiation Technology Reports No. 2
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Systems for digital industrial radiology are currently quite expensive and, therefore, often unaffordable for most of the institutes and non-destructive testing groups in developing Member States. This publication provides guidance on the development of such systems at a relatively lower cost. The aims are to facilitate the acquisition of state of the art digital technology, which has tremendous potential for enhancing the speed as well as the quality of radiographic inspection, in the long run ensuring the quality of industrial equipment and components.
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Electronic version can be found:
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Electronic version can be found:


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Mission Statement
The purpose of the Florida Geriatrics Society and its educational programs to improve geriatric care by providing advances in treatment options, which can be incorporated into clinical practice and management of care for the elderly.
A Message from the President:
For over twenty years, FGS has been your organization to offer relevant resources for your profession as a geriatric provider.
We are the state affiliate of the American Geriatrics Society, the premiere professional organization for geriatric professionals.
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Register now for FGS Annual Meeting!


text:
Yvette is now starring in the brand-new Nick Jr. animated series "Fresh Beat Band of Spies," which teaches problem-solving to preschoolers. Based on the hit live-action show where the four best friends — Kiki, Marina, Twist and Shout – are also a group of undercover spies and the pop band uses their individual talents and the coolest transforming spy gadgets to outwit a goofy cast of bad guys and solve an endless series of wild and wacky mysteries.
Click HERE to watch her music video) which blends her vibrant Cuban culture with soulful timeless pop hooks, R&B and Latin influences that seamlessly intertwine throughout her debut single. In addition to vocal duties, Yvette is an accomplished multi-instrumentalist, playing violin, guitar and piano on her upcoming album. Since her first violin lesson at the age of three, this young creative soul has been immersed in a musically diverse world that established her early on as a multifaceted artist who was comfortable in any genre. She sang and acted professionally from her early teens and performed for royalty and heads of state with a jazz vocal group she helped form. She started high school at the age of 12 and graduated from the University of Miami on an opera scholarship at just 19 years of age. Shortly after, she took the stage with the Florida Grand Opera, performed at Carnegie Hall, and was discovered by the legendary Engelbert Humperdinck. Since then, she has performed with some of the music industry's tops artists including Ne-Yo, Jason Mraz, Wyclef Jean, Gloria Estefan, Justin Bieber and All-4-One, among others.
I had a couple of questions for Yvette about her new show, and this is what she said:
1. How has the transition been from The Fresh Beat Band to The Fresh Beat Band Of Spies?
Turning the show into an animated series and adding these new elements was such a wonderful way to allow the show to continue to evolve. For us, it has been incredible and so far, the feedback from the fans has been nothing but positive! I'm so happy everyone's loving it!
2. Is it easier or harder in your opinion to do an animated show over a live-action one?
It is infinitely easier doing the animated version! You can technically show up to work in pajamas if you wanted to and it would be perfectly acceptable. Unfortunately, I didn't capitalize on that this time around, but hoping they pick it up for a second season so I can!
3. Talk a little bit about your new character in The Fresh Beat Band Of Spies and how she is different/similar to the live action Kiki.
She is still the same spunky, fun-loving Kiki who rocks out at shows with her friends, only now she is also a really cool spy who owns a beauty salon too.
4. What are your personal goals for the future? (Where do you hope to see yourself in the next 5-10 years?)
How much time do you have? In a nutshell, I hope to be happy, continue to do what I love and work with the people I admire
My kids loved the Fresh Beat Band, and I know they are going to love the Fresh Beat Band Of Spies as well. Check out the show weekdays on NickJr.


text:
List all vCenter VMs with Go (govmomi)Posted: January 19, 2016 Filed under: programming, Uncategorized | Tags: go, govmomi 3 Comments
A few months ago I saw a that VMware's govmomi was updated and since I've recently started to learn the Go programming language I thought it would be a good exercise to do something simple like list all virtual machines in a vCenter server.
I'm going to use VMware's Photon 1.0 TP2 as a development environment since the full install comes with tools such as git and go. I built a Photon VM using these instructions and performed a full install. To keep things simple for this post I enabled ssh for root but you'll probably want to create a user for yourself.
Installing govmomi
Let's make a directory where we will install govmomi.
mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/vmware
Change into this directory and clone the govmomi repo:
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/vmware
git clone https://github.com/vmware/govmomi.git
I'm not sure if I'm doing something wrong but I needed to install these otherwise I received errors when running the examples:
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/vet
go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/goimports
go get golang.org/x/net/context
I found these in a travis-ci job, but I no longer have the link.
Running an example
Change into the directory that has the only example that is currently in the repo:
cd govmomi/examples/datastores
There is a single file in this directory named main.go and it will list all the datastores in your vCenter. Actually if I remember correctly, it will only process the first datacenter in your vCenter. The program needs several parameters to run and they can be retrieved from shell environment variables or by passing them into the program. If you want to use shell environment variables, you'll need to define them. Here is what mine look like:
export GOVMOMI_URL='https://vc5c.vmware.local/sdk'
export GOVMOMI_USERNAME='vmware\api'
export GOVMOMI_PASSWORD='vmware123′
export GOVMOMI_INSECURE='true'
Now I can run the program as such:
go run main.go
My output looks like this:
Name: Type: Capacity: Free: nfs-ds412-momentus1 NFS 683.1GB 148.0GB nfs-ds412-5400 NFS 453.9GB 293.6GB nfs-ds412-hybrid0 NFS 1.8TB 1.0TB nfs-ds412-hybrid1 NFS 1.8TB 1002.9GB iscsi-ds412-momentus1-0 VMFS 749.8GB 132.3GB local-esx-5-1 VMFS 144.0GB 61.8GB diskstation-nfs NFS 908.0GB 308.7GB nfs-async NFS 908.0GB 308.7GB
Alternatively, I could have passed in the parameters:
go run main.go –url https://vmware\\api:firstname.lastname@example.com/sdk –insecure true
Listing all VMs
Since I'm just learning Go and don't know much about govmomi, I'm going to modify the datastore program instead of writing one from scratch. I copied the main.go file to list-vms.go. Most of the changes are pretty straightforward. Instead of searching for DataStores you need to search for VirtualMachines, etc. Here are few of the changes that I made:
Line 148:
// Find datastores in datacenter dss, err := f.DatastoreList(ctx, "*") to // Find virtual machines in datacenter vms, err := f.VirtualMachineList(ctx, "*")
Line 162:
// Retrieve summary property for all datastores var dst []mo.Datastore err = pc.Retrieve(ctx, refs, []string{"summary"}, &dst) if err != nil { exit(err) } to // Retrieve name property for all vms var vmt []mo.VirtualMachine err = pc.Retrieve(ctx, refs, []string{"name"}, &vmt) if err != nil { exit(err) }
Line 171:
fmt.Fprintf(tw, "Name:\tType:\tCapacity:\tFree:\n") for _, ds := range dst { fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t", ds.Summary.Name) fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t", ds.Summary.Type) fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t", units.ByteSize(ds.Summary.Capacity)) fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t", units.ByteSize(ds.Summary.FreeSpace)) fmt.Fprintf(tw, "\n") } to fmt.Println("Virtual machines found:", len(vmt)) for _, vm := range vmt { fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\n", vm.Name) }
I can retrieve a listing of all VMs as such:
go run list-vms.go
Here is the truncated output from my lab:
Virtual machines found: 84
Linux Minimal Template2
Looks good but they aren't sorted. Let's fix that.
Sorting the VMs
I really just wanted to do this to see how to sort in Go. I used the example here as a reference.
First we need to add "sort" to the import statement.
Next we need to implement the sort.Interface for ByName:
type ByName []mo.VirtualMachine
func (n ByName) Len() int { return len(n) }
func (n ByName) Swap(i, j int) { n[i], n[j] = n[j], n[i] }
func (n ByName) Less(i, j int) bool { return n[i].Name < n[j].Name }
Now before we loop through and print out the VM names we sort them first:
Now when I run the program the truncated results look like this:
Virtual machines found: 84
Linux Minimal Template2
You can view the script on github.
Updating vCenter Orchestrator using an ISO repoPosted: January 11, 2016 Filed under: vCO | Tags: vCO, vRO Leave a comment
In this post I'm going to show how to update vCenter Orchestrator (vCO) to a specific version. Often when you need to update a VMware appliance such as vCO you simply update to the latest version, but sometimes this isn't possible because of compatibility issues, needing to keep environments in sync, etc. In my case I needed to update from vCO 5.5.2 to 5.5.3, but when I tried to update it said the latest version was 7.0. This is a pretty simple process, but I had to document it for work so I thought I'd document it here as well.
Download the ISO repo
For some reason vCO 5.5.3 isn't listed in the drop-down box on VMware's download site, but I changed the URL to https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?downloadGroup=VCL_VCOVA_553&productId=408&rPId=7354 and it allowed me to access the 5.5.3 download page.
Apply the update
- Mount the ISO to the VM.
- Access the Orchestrator administrative page. For example: https://vco.vmware.local:5480
- Select the Update tab > Settings and select Use CDROM Updates
- Select Save Settings
- Select the Update tab > Status > Check Updates and now you will see version of vCO that's on your ISO repo as opposed to whatever the latest version is.
- Reboot the appliance to apply the update by selecting the System tab > Information > Reboot


text:
Calderdale libraries are hosting their first ever Science Fiction Festival this weekend at Brighouse Library and Halifax Central Library.
The event starts on Thursday (September 22) and finishes on Sunday (September 25) and will include film screenings, author talks, special effects demonstrations and much more.
The festival is suitable for both adults and children and fancy dress is optional for all the events but is encouraged.
Calderdale Council's cabinet member for neighbourhoods and communities, Coun Susan Press, said: "The Science Fiction Festival is something really different for Calderdale Libraries.
"There's so much going on, not only for fans of sci-fi, but also for anyone with an interest in film, TV and literature.
"The line-up is very impressive and brings together some of the different strands of sci-fi, really showing the breadth of the genre."
Brighouse Library will play host to plenty of events for both literature and film lovers.
On Friday at noon local author Joe Pitts will be giving a talk about his novel, Annie's Lights, which is set in West Yorkshire.
On Saturday from 11am-12.30pm, co-author of Doctor-Who-ology, Mark Wright, will be reading extracts from his work and talking about everything Doctor Who.
The classic 1960 movie, HG Wells' The Time Machine, will also be shown tomorrow and the family friendly Big Hero 6 will be available to watch on Saturday.
Most of the events are free, but booking is required at www.ticketsource.co.uk/calderdalembc or call Brighouse Library on 01422 288060.


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