text:
Science, Scientism, and Anti-Science in the Age of Preposterism
Susan Haack
Skeptical Inquirer Volume 21.6, November / December 1997
We are in danger of losing our grip on the concepts of truth, evidence, objectivity, disinterested inquiry. The preposterous environment in which academic work is presently conducted is inhospitable to genuine inquiry, hospitable to the sham and the fake. Encouraging both envy and resentment of the sciences, it has fed an increasingly widespread and articulate irrationalism.
That is preposterous which puts the last first and the first last. . . . Valuing knowledge, we preposterize the idea and say . . . everybody shall produce written research in order to live, and it shall be decreed a knowledge explosion.
— Jacques Barzun1
There is, to be sure, a lot of misinformation about, and that is, certainly, a problem. But what concerns me is a deeper and more disturbing development: a rising tide of irrationalism, a widespread and increasingly articulate loss of confidence in the very possibility of honest inquiry, scientific or otherwise.
A hundred years or so ago, C. S. Peirce, a working scientist as well as the greatest of American philosophers, distinguished genuine inquiry from "sham reasoning," pseudo-inquiry aimed not at finding the truth but at making a case for some conclusion immovably believed in advance; and predicted that, when sham reasoning becomes commonplace, people will come "to look on reasoning as merely decorative," and will "lose their conceptions of truth and of reason."2
This is the very debacle taking place before our eyes: genuine inquiry is so complex and difficult, and advocacy "research" and politically-motivated "scholarship" have become so commonplace, that our grip on the concepts of truth, evidence, objectivity, inquiry has been loosened. I want to talk about how this disaster came about, and the role played by the phenomenon Barzun calls "preposterism" in encouraging it.
Pseudo-Inquiry; and the Real Thing
A genuine inquirer aims to find out the truth of some question, whatever the color of that truth. This is a tautology (Webster's: "inquiry: search for truth . . ."). A pseudo-inquirer seeks to make a case for the truth of some proposition(s) determined in advance. There are two kinds of pseudo-inquirer, the sham and the fake. A sham reasoner is concerned, not to find out how things really are, but to make a case for some immovably-held preconceived conviction. A fake reasoner is concerned, not to find out how things really are, but to advance himself by making a case for some proposition to the truth-value of which he is indifferent.
Neither sham nor fake inquiry is really inquiry; but we need to get beyond this tautology to understand what is wrong with sham and fake reasoning. The sham inquirer tries to make a case for the truth of a proposition his commitment to which is already evidence- and argument-proof. The fake inquirer tries to make a case for some proposition advancing which he thinks will enhance his own reputation, but to the truth-value of which he is indifferent. (Such indifference is, as Harry Frankfurt once shrewdly observed, the characteristic attitude of the bullshitter.)3 Both the sham and the fake inquirer, but especially the sham, are motivated to avoid examining any apparently contrary evidence or argument too closely, to play down its importance or impugn its relevance, to contort themselves explaining it away. And, since people often mistake the impressively obscure for the profound, both, but especially the fake reasoner, are motivated to obfuscate.
The genuine inquirer wants to get to the truth of the matter that concerns him, whether or not that truth comports with what he believed at the outset of his investigation, and whether or not his acknowledgement of that truth is likely to get him tenure, or to make him rich, famous, or popular. So he is motivated to seek out and assess the worth of evidence and arguments thoroughly and impartially. This doesn't just mean that he will be hard-working; it is a matter, rather, of willingness to re-think, to re-appraise, to spend as long as it takes on the detail that might be fatal, to give as much thought to the last one percent as to the rest. The genuine inquirer will be ready to acknowledge, to himself as well as others, where his evidence and arguments seem shakiest, and his articulation of problem or solution vaguest. He will be willing to go with the evidence even to unpopular conclusions, and to welcome someone else's having found the truth he was seeking. And, far from having a motive to obfuscate, he will try to see and explain things as clearly as he can.
This is not to deny that sham or fake reasoners may hit upon the truth, and, when they do, may come up with good evidence and arguments. Commitment to a cause, desire for reputation, are powerfully motivating forces which may prompt energetic intellectual effort. But the intelligence and ingenuity that will help a genuine inquirer to figure things out, will help a sham or fake inquirer to suppress unfavorable evidence or awkward arguments more effectively, or to devise more impressively obscure formulations.
Nor is this to deny that genuine, disinterested inquirers may come to false conclusions or be led astray by misleading evidence or arguments. But an honest inquirer will not suppress unfavorable evidence or awkward arguments, nor disguise his failure with affected obscurity; so, even when he fails, he will not impede others' efforts.
Of course, real human beings do not conform neatly to the three types I have distinguished; their motives are generally pretty mixed, and they are capable of many degrees and kinds of self-deception. A good environment for intellectual work will encourage genuine inquiry and discourage the sham and the fake; and will enable mutual scrutiny among workers in a field, so that the contributions to knowledge that sham and fake reasoners sometimes make despite their dubious motivation get sifted from the dross. Honest scrutiny is best; but scrutiny even by other sham or fake reasoners with different axes to grind may be effective as a way of exposing error, confusion, and obfuscation. A bad environment will encourage sham and fake inquiry, and/or impede mutual scrutiny.
The environment will be hospitable to good intellectual work insofar as incentives and rewards favor those who work on significant issues, and whose work is creative, careful, honest and thorough; insofar as journals, conferences, etc., make the best and most significant work readily available to others working in the area; insofar as channels of mutual scrutiny and criticism are open, and successful building on others' work is encouraged. The environment will be inhospitable insofar as incentives and rewards encourage people to choose trivial issues where results are easily obtained, to disguise rather than tackle problems with their approach, to go for the flashy, the fashionable, and the impressively obscure over the deep, the difficult, and the painfully clear; insofar as the availability of the best and most significant work is hindered rather than enabled by journals and conferences bloated with the trivial, the faddy, and the carelessly or deliberately unclear; insofar as mutual scrutiny is impeded by fad, fashion, obfuscation, and fear of offending the influential.
I don't see how to avoid the conclusion that the environment in which academic work is presently conducted is an inhospitable one. I think this is true for all disciplines; but I shall focus, henceforth, primarily on philosophy — the discipline I know best, and the discipline in which disillusionment with the very idea of inquiry has been most overtly articulated.
A Preposterous Environment
"Everybody shall produce written research in order to live"; Barzun exaggerates, but not much. Everybody aspiring to the tenure-track, tenure, promotion, a raise, a better job, or, of course, academic stardom, had better produce written, published, research. "[A]nd it shall be decreed a knowledge explosion"; again, Barzun exaggerates, but, again, not much. It is pretty much taken for granted that this explosion of publications is a good thing, that it represents a significant contribution to knowledge.
Yet much of what is published is, at best, trivial stuff, putting me in mind of that observation: "Rubbish is rubbish, but the history of rubbish is scholarship." Seriously, though: few if any of us will have a truly original idea every few years, let alone every few months; genuinely important philosophical work usually takes years of frustration and failure. Nevertheless, we not only half-pretend that this written research that everybody must produce in order to live is mostly worthwhile; we breathe an atmosphere of puffery, of announcements in paper after paper, book after book, that all previous work in the area is hopelessly misconceived, and here is a radically new approach which will revolutionize the whole field. How did this atmosphere of preposterous exaggeration come about?
It is no longer possible to do important scientific work with a candle and a piece of string; ever more sophisticated equipment is needed to make ever more recherchë observations. Research in the sciences has become very expensive; a culture of grants-and-research-projects has grown up; and science has become, inter alia, big business. The consequences for science itself are not altogether healthy: think of the time spent "writing grants," not to mention attending seminars on "grant writing," of the temptation to shade the truth about the success or importance of one's project, or of the price paid in terms of the progress of science when a condition of this or that body's supporting the research is that the results be withheld from the rest of the scientific community. But when disciplines like philosophy, where serious work requires, not fancy equipment, but only (only!) time and peace of mind, mimic the organization of the sciences, when the whole apparatus of grants-and-research-projects becomes so ordinary that we scarcely notice how extraordinary it is, when we adapt to a business ethos, the consequences are far worse.
Why worse? In part because in philosophy the circumpressure of facts, of evidence, is less direct; in part because there is no real analogue of the kind of routine, competent, unexciting work that gets the scientific details filled in; in part because in philosophy the mechanisms of mutual scrutiny are perhaps more clogged and probably more corrupted.
In part because it is so intellectually impressive, in part because it is so useful, and in part, no doubt, because it is so expensive, science enjoys enormous prestige, in which the rest of us would dearly like to share. And, inevitably perhaps, in consequence of universities' having become such big businesses, many university administrators have become enamored of a business management ethos which values "entrepreneurial skills," i.e., the ability to obtain large sums of money to undertake large research projects, above originality or depth, and which encourages conceptions of "efficiency" and "productivity" more appropriate to a manufacturing plant than to the pursuit of truth.
In disciplines like philosophy, feeling ourselves the poor relations in such a culture, we have adapted as best we could. Our adaptation has encouraged a kind of philosophical entrepreneurship which often diverts time and effort from real work, and is sometimes, to speak plainly, nothing more than philosophical hucksterism: centers for this and that, new journals for the legitimation and promotion of the latest fad, projects requiring secretaries, research assistants, or, better yet, more expensive and powerful computers or, best of all, a laboratory.
This adaptation damages the fragile intellectual integrity demanded by the genuine desire to find out how things are. It is part of the meaning of the word "research" that you don't know how things will turn out. Yet the whole apparatus of grants-and-research-projects, and the conception of productivity and efficiency it fosters, discourages candid acknowledgement that one may work for years at what turns out to be a dead end, and constitutes a standing encouragement to exaggeration, half-truth and outright dishonesty about what one has achieved. In principle, you might fill out the application explaining what important breakthroughs your work is going to achieve, and fill out the report, later, explaining what important breakthroughs your work actually did achieve, without your private estimation of the worth of your work being affected. In practice, inevitably, intellectual integrity is eroded.
It has been a poor adaptation which significantly affects what kinds of work get done, channeling effort into those areas likeliest to attract funding. This is surely part of the explanation of the popularity of interdisciplinary work, especially work which allies philosophy with more prestigious disciplines such as cognitive psychology or artificial intelligence or medicine, etc.
Nor is it unduly cynical to suspect that it also significantly affects what kinds of conclusion are reached. Where effort is directed by the hope of large grants into, say, the border territory of epistemology with cognitive science, the probability rises that the conclusion that will be reached is that long-standing epistemological questions can be quickly resolved or as quickly dissolved by appeal to this or that work in cognitive science; where effort is directed by the hope of large grants into, say, the relevance of feminism to philosophy of science, the probability rises that the conclusion that will be reached is that feminism requires us, as Sandra Harding preposterously puts it, to "reinvent science and theorizing." (Challenged, nearly a decade later, to say what breakthroughs feminist science had achieved, Harding replied that, thanks to feminist scientists, we now know that menopause isn't a disease. Gosh.)4 No one is so naive as to imagine that large grants might be forthcoming to show that cognitive science has no bearing on those long-standing epistemological questions, or even that its bearing is (as I believe), though real enough, oblique and undramatic; or to show that (as I believe) feminism has no relevance to the theory of scientific knowledge.
The psychological mechanisms here are quite subtle. Simple, downright dishonesty is the exception; some degree or other of self-deception is the rule. And this is likely, naturally, to leave a residue of ambivalence, such as one can hear in this plea for the psychologization of epistemology: "[a] return [to a psychologistic conception of epistemology] is especially timely now, when cognitive psychology has renewed prestige. . . ." The relevance or otherwise of psychology to epistemology is a hard meta-epistemological question: on which, needless to say, the prestige of cognitive psychology has no bearing.
Still, all the puffery, the attempts to promote oneself or one's area, approach, or line, this academic boosterism, might be only a waste of time if, eventually, it all came out in the wash of mutual scrutiny and criticism. The waste of time, talent, and energy is significant; what real work might have been done by those who feel obliged, instead, to point out the absurdities of the latest fad? But, instead of efficient mechanisms of communication and mutual scrutiny, we have a mind-numbing clamor of publications, conferences, meetings, of "empty books and embarrassing assumptions,"5 making it close to impossible to hear what is worthwhile.
The director of Rutgers University Press admits that "[w]e are . . . part of the university personnel system and . . . often publish books whose primary reason for existence is the author's academic advancement, not the advancement of knowledge."6 The new editor of the American Philosophical Quarterly writes that publishing in the journals has become less a way to communicate significant ideas than a form of professional certification, and that being adequately informed in one's field of course no longer requires that one actually read all that stuff.7 Even more startling than the candor of his observations about the real role of the journals is the blandness of his assumption that publication-as-professional-certification is perfectly OK. But it isn't perfectly OK; it gets in the way of — what is more than ever urgently necessary in a culture that positively encourages sham and fake reasoning — the mutual scrutiny that might separate the worthwhile from the dross.
Between 1900 and 1960, about forty-five new philosophy journals were founded in the U.S., Canada, and Britain; between 1960 and 1990, about 164. Inevitably, it has become impossible, except by sheer luck, to find the good stuff; inevitably, championship of a simple, startling idea, even, or perhaps especially, an egregiously false or an impressively obscure idea, has become a good route to reputation and money — as has the self-serving variation on a fashionable party line. Inevitably, too, finding referees with the necessary expertise, time, patience, and integrity has become harder, the power of editors to make or ruin careers has grown, and once-idealistic young philosophers begin to say to themselves, "they like controversy in their journal, so why bother spelling out the qualifications?". . .
And, inevitably, as it becomes harder to make oneself heard in the journals, one has to publish a book; and, as that book-published-by-a-reputable-academic-press becomes a requisite for tenure, we face the ever more bloated publishers' catalogues filled with ever more exaggerated descriptions and endorsements. And, inevitably, once again, it becomes impossible, except by sheer luck, to find the good stuff, and . . . But I won't bore you by writing the previous paragraph all over again!
It is not unheard of to find that the book of which a review has just appeared, having sold the few hundred copies which, these days, philosophy books typically sell, is already, a couple of years after publication, out of print. Better, then, from the point of view of sheer self-preservation, let alone of impressing Deans, etc., with one's "scholarly productivity," not to spend too long writing a book. How absurd, after all, to spend ten years writing a book which, if you are lucky, five hundred people might read, and the life of which, if you are lucky, might be four or five years.
It used to be an important role of the academic presses to publish significant books too specialized to be economic. Increasingly, however, as subsidies from their universities have shrunk, university presses seek to publish books they believe will make money. This too is discouraging, to put it mildly, to the investment of effort in difficult problems. Better, from the point of view of making oneself heard, to write the kind of book that might interest a trade publisher, or at least the kind of book that will get reviewed in the non-academic press. And this too, inevitably, favors the simple, startling idea, even, or perhaps especially, the startlingly false or impressively obscure idea. . . . But I promised not to bore you by writing that paragraph all over again!
Like books and journals, conferences might be, and occasionally are, important channels of communication. But we are all familiar with the reality that your home institution will pay your expenses if you give a paper; with the conference announcements which discreetly let it be known that, so long as you pay the large registration fee, your paper will be accepted; with the stupefying programs of day after day of umpteen parallel sessions; with the twenty-minute, the twelve-minute, even, of late, the ten-minute presentation; with the extent to which conferences have become less a matter of communication than of "contacts," of "exposure," and, of course, of expenses-paid trips to agreeable places. We have adapted to these realities, in part, by self-deceptively over-rating the usefulness of what we like to call "stimulation," and under- rating the need for time, peace of mind, mature reflection.
I am reminded of Santayana's character-sketch of Royce: an "overworked, standardised, academic engine, creaking and thumping on at the call of duty or of habit, with no thought of sparing itself or anyone else."8 Preposterism can only too easily turn the best of us into just such overworked, standardized, academic engines — and can only too easily turn the worst of us into purveyors of philosophical snake-oil.
The Perils of Preposterism
Thus far it may seem that the perils of preposterism are much the same for philosophy as for the humanities generally. But philosophy is the discipline to which it falls to inquire into inquiry itself, its proper conduct and necessary presuppositions. And that responsibility exposes us to a particular peril.
Recent philosophy manifests two tendencies, on the face of it radically opposed to each other, which both result in part from our adaptation to a "research ethic" more appropriate to the sciences than to the humanities: scientism, i.e., linking philosophy too closely, or inappropriately, to the sciences; and radical critique of the sciences as no more than ideology masked by rhetorical bullying in the form of appeals to "rationality," "objectivity," and so forth. The former is the effect of envy, the latter of resentment, of the success of the sciences.
One manifestation of science-envy is the mathematical or logical pseudo-rigor with which much recent philosophical writing is afflicted. This, to speak bluntly, is a kind of affected obscurity. Not that recourse to the languages of mathematics or logic never helps to make a philosophical argument or thesis clearer; of course, it does. But it can also stand in the way of real clarity by disguising failure to think deeply or critically enough about the concepts being manipulated with impressive logical sophistication. And it has come to be, too often, what Charles Sykes calls "Profspeak" — using unnecessary symbols to convey a false impression of depth and rigor.
Science-envy is manifested also by those who — hoping to enhance their prestige by close association with the sciences — contort themselves in attempts to show that this or that philosophical problem can be quickly settled by some scientific result, or to displace philosophical problems in favor of scientific ones. The result is at best a covert change of subject, at worst a self-undermining absurdity.9 No scientific investigation can tell us whether science is epistemologically special, and if so, how, or whether a theory's yielding true predictions is an indication of its truth, and if so, why, and so on; yet, unless these were not only legitimate questions, but legitimate questions with less-than-skeptical answers, it is incomprehensible how one could be justified, as the most ambitious style of scientism proposes, in doing science instead of philosophy.
Now one begins to see why the revolutionary scientism encountered in contemporary philosophy often manifests a peculiar affinity with the anti-scientific attitudes which, as I conjecture, are prompted by resentment, as scientism is prompted by envy, of the sciences. Both parties have become disillusioned with the very idea of honest inquiry, of truth-seeking. One hears from Paul Churchland, on the scientistic side, that, since truth is not the primary aim of the ceaseless cognitive activity of the ganglia of the sea-slug, it should maybe cease to be a primary aim of science, and even that talk of truth may make no sense; from Richard Rorty, on the anti-science side, that truth is just what can survive all conversational objections, and that the only sense in which science is exemplary is as a model of human solidarity. One hears from Patricia Churchland, on the scientistic side, that "truth, whatever that is, definitely takes the hindmost"; from Sandra Harding, on the anti-science side, that "the truth — whatever that is! — will not set you free." One hears from Steven Stich, on the scientistic side, that truth is neither intrinsically nor instrumentally valuable, and that a justified belief is one his holding which conduces to whatever the believer values; from Steve Fuller, on the anti-science side, that good scholarship is a matter simply of "who[m] you are trying to court in your work."10
Remember Peirce on what will happen if pseudo-inquiry becomes commonplace: "men come to look upon reasoning as mainly decorative. . . . The result of this state of things is, of course, a rapid deterioration of intellectual vigor. . . . [M]an loses his conceptions of truth and of reason. If he sees one man assert what another denies, he will, if he is concerned, choose his side and set to work . . . to silence his adversaries. The truth for him is that for which he fights."11
I can match neither Peirce's prescience nor his eloquence, only add a little circumstantial detail to his diagnosis. Preposterism encourages sham and fake reasoning. In the humanities, it also encourages envy of science, and thus scientism and a certain kind of irrationalism, and resentment of science, and thus an only-slightly-different kind of irrationalism. Within philosophy, furthermore, as the discipline to which the task of articulating the nature and goals of inquiry falls, the ubiquity of sham and fake reasoning has induced a factitious despair of the possibility of attaining truth by investigation — the despair revealed in the astonishing outbreak of sneer quotes with which so much recent philosophical writing expresses its distrust of "truth," "reality," "facts," "reason," "objectivity," etc.
When sham and fake reasoning are ubiquitous, people become uncomfortably aware, or half-aware, that reputations are made as often by clever championship of the indefensible or the incomprehensible as by serious intellectual work, as often by mutual promotion as by merit. Knowing, or half-knowing, this, they become increasingly leery of what they hear and read. Their confidence in what passes for true declines, and with it their willingness to use the words "truth," "rationality," etc., without the precaution of scare quotes. And as those scare quotes become ubiquitous, people's confidence in the concepts of truth and reason falters, and one begins to hear (from Richard Rorty): "I do not have much use for notions like . . . 'objective truth'," "'true' [is] a word which applies to those beliefs upon which we are able to agree," or (from Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar): "a fact is nothing but a statement with no modality . . . and no trace of authorship," or (from Steve Fuller): "I don't see any clear distinction between 'good scholarship' and 'political relevance.'"12
The inference from the true premiss that what passes for truth, objective fact, rational argument, relevant evidence, etc., is often no such thing, to the false conclusion that the notions of truth, objectivity, rationality, evidence, etc., are humbug, is obviously invalid. But it has become so ubiquitous that it deserves a name; I call it "the 'passes for' fallacy."13 The "passes for" fallacy is not only fallacious, but self-defeating; for if the conclusion were true, one could never have grounds for accepting the premiss from which it is supposedly derived. It should come as no surprise, therefore, to read (in Stephen Cole): "Given that facts can easily become errors, what sense does it make to see what is at Time 1 a 'fact' and at Time 2 an 'error' as being determined by nature?", and then, a few pages later, "the most important evidence in favor of my position is the fact that . . . ,"14 or (in Ruth Bleier): "[I criticized various studies] for their sloppy methods, inconclusive findings, and unwarranted interpretations," and then, a few pages later, "there must be an irreducible . . . distortion or biasing of knowledge production simply because science is a social activity performed by human beings in a specific cultural . . . context."15
Sad to say, this last quotation is quite typical of much recent "feminist scholarship." The vast recent literature of feminist approaches to this or that area of philosophy — ethics, epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of language, lately even logic — is a particularly striking manifestation of the consequences of preposterism. Reading in this vast literature, one can hardly fail to notice how endlessly it is repeated that feminism has radical consequences for this or that area, and how often those radical consequences turn out to be trivial, or obviously derivative from some male philosopher, or manifestly false; by how determinedly practitioners avert their attention from serious criticisms, and how lavishly they praise the work of others of their own persuasion. Pondering on how this came about, one can hardly fail to think how many reputations and careers, how many centers, programs, conferences, journals, depend on the legitimacy of appealing to the feminist perspective on this or that. And one's darkest suspicions are confirmed when, in a moment of remarkable candor, Sandra Harding tells us that "[m]en who want to be 'in feminism' . . . can teach and write about women's thought, writings, accomplishments. . . . They can criticize their male colleagues. They can move material resources to women . . . ."16
My point isn't that the feminist-philosophy bandwagon is peculiarly awful; I don't know that it is peculiarly awful, and in any case my point is not to pick on the feminists, but to articulate how the epidemic of sham and fake reasoning encouraged by preposterism has loosened our grip on the concept of inquiry. The perception among these radical feminist philosophers that their profession is profoundly corrupt is, at worst, exaggerated; their profession is rife with pseudo-inquiry, and publication, promotion, stardom, etc., are cut loose from merit. And this perception of the ubiquity of pseudo-inquiry has encouraged the despair of the possibility of honest investigation ubiquitous in philosophy today.
Such a "factitious despair" is bound, as Francis Bacon eloquently put it long ago, to "cut the sinews and spurs of industry." (And all, as he observed, for "the miserable vainglory of having it believed that whatever has not yet been discovered and comprehended can never be discovered and comprehended hereafter.")17
But unbiased investigation is not impossible; only difficult, demanding, painful — and of almost incalculable value to us humans. Which is why I end this lay sermon with a text, from George Eliot's Felix Holt the Radical:
Truth is the precious harvest of the earth.
But once, when harvest waved upon a land,
The noisome cankerworm and caterpillar,
Locusts, and all the swarming, foul-born broods,
Fastened upon it with swift, greedy jaws,
And turned the harvest into pestilence,
Until men said, What profits it to sow?
- Jacques Barzun, The American University, Harper and Row, New York, 1968, p. 221.
- Collected Papers, eds. Charles Hartshorne, Paul Weiss, and Arthur Burks, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1931-58, 5.520 (c. 1905), 6.6 (c. 1903), 1.128 (c. 1905). References by volume and paragraph number.
- Harry Frankfurt, "On Bullshit," in The Importance of What We Care About, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 117-133.
- Sandra Harding, The Science Question in Feminism, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1986, p. 251; Chronicle of Higher Education, April 27, 1994, p. A15.
- Peirce, Collected Papers, 1.645 (1898).
- Kenneth Arnold, "University Presses Could Still Become the Cultural Force for Change and Enlightenment They Were Meant to Be," Chronicle of Higher Education, July 29, 1987; cited in Charles Sykes, Profscam, Regnery Gateway, Washington, D.C., 1988, p. 129.
- Gary Gutting, "The Editor's Page," American Philosophical Quarterly, 31.1, 1994, p. 87.
- George Santayana, Character and Opinion in the United States; With Reminiscences of William James and Josiah Royce and Academic Life in America, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1920, p. 98.
- See Susan Haack, Evidence and Inquiry: Towards Reconstruction in Epistemology, Blackwell, Oxford, 1993, chapters 6, 7 and 8.
- Paul M. Churchland," The Ontological Status of Observables" (1982), in A Neurocomputational Perspective: The Nature of Mind and the Structure of Science, Bradford Books, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.; Richard Rorty, Consequences of Pragmatism, Harvester Press, Hassocks, Sussex, 1982, p. 165, and "Science as Solidarity," in John S. Nelson, Allan Megill, and Donald McCloskey, eds., The Rhetoric of the Human Sciences, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis., 1987, p. 187; Patricia Smith Churchland, "Epistemology in the Age of Neuroscience," Journal of Philosophy, LXXV.10, 1987, p. 549; Sandra Harding, Whose Science? Whose Knowledge?, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1991, p. xi; Stephen P. Stich, The Fragmentation of Reason, Bradford Books, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1992, pp. 118ff.; Steve Fuller, e-mail message, May 4, 1994.
- Collected Papers, 1.57-9 (c. 1896).
- Richard Rorty, "Trotsky and the Wild Orchids," Common Knowledge, 1.3, 1992, p. 141, and "Science as Solidarity," p. 45; Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar, Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts, Sage, London, 1979, p. 82; Fuller, e-mail message, May 4, 1994.
- Susan Haack, "Knowledge and Propaganda: Reflections of an Old Feminist," Partisan Review, Fall 1993, 556-64; reprinted in Our Country, Our Culture, eds. Edith Kurzweil and William Phillips, Partisan Review Press, Boston, 1995, 56-65.
- Stephen Cole, Making Science: Between Nature and Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1990, pp. 12, 50.
- Ruth Bleier, "Science and the Construction of Meanings in the Neurosciences," in Sue V. Rosser, ed., Feminism Within the Science and Healthcare Professions: Overcoming Resistance, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1988, pp. 92, 101.
- Sandra Harding, "Who Knows? Identities and Feminist Epistemology," in Joan E. Hartman and Ellen Messer-Davidow, eds., (En)gendering Knowledge, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 1991, p. 109.
- Francis Bacon, The New Organon (1620), Book I, aphorism LXXXVIII.
©1997 by Susan Haack.


text:
|Page 10 of 38 | Total 1882 contacts in this tag
|« Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 .... 37 38 Next »
|Add your Company »
|Sort by
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: D-7, Midc, Kurkumbh, Pune-413801, India Contact: Kuber M Jagdale
Tel: 912117235284
Fax: 912117235232
Website: www.cipla.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cipla Ltd.
Medicines Pharmaceutical Formulations & Bulk DrugsAddress: Ts-131/132, Thiru-vi-ka Industrial Estate, Ekkadu Thangal, Chennai-600097, India Contact: Mr Narayanan
Tel: 91-44-2328291/2328392
Fax: 91-44-2328671
Website: www.cipla.com
Edit Download as vCard
Cipla Ltd.
Cipla Ltd. - One Of The Leading Pharmaceuticals Companies In India, Which Uses Technology And Innovation To Meet Every Day Needs Of All The Patients. Our Goal Is To Ensure That No Patient Shall Be Denied Access To High Quality & Affordable Medicine And Support. We Are Committed To Reach All Of Our Products To All People So That They Can Benefit, No Matter Where They Live In The World Or What They Can Afford To Pay For Medicine.Address: Cipla House Peninsula Business Park, Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400013, India Contact: Pallavi Golar (Marketing Co-ordinator)
Tel: +91 22 24826000, +91 22 24826701, +91 22 24826300
Fax: +91 22 24826120
Website: Http://www.cipla.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cishan International
Manufacturers Of All Kinds Of Food And Pharmaceutical Packaging Materials.Address: 82/1, First Floor, Yusuf Sarai, New Delhi - 110 016, India, New Delhi-110016, India Tel: (91)(11)30910145/26346512
Fax: (91)(11)26346512
Edit Download as vCard
Clarion India
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 103, 104, Galaxy Complex, Alkapauri, Vadodara, India Contact: Mr. G Mehta
Tel: 912652341056/2340763
Fax: 912652343607
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Clarion Pharmaceutical Co
Manufacturers Of Micro Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Complex (mchc), Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Mineral Salt, Pharmaceutical Raw Material, Biological Calcium Salt, Pharmaceutical Chemicals & Calcium Supplement, Hpmc, Pvpk-30 & Lactose.Address: 406 A, Kirti Shikhar, Janak Puri, Dist. Centre, New Delhi, Delhi-110058, India Tel: 011-25618582r, 25618582
Edit Download as vCard
Claris Life Sciences Ltd.
Pharmaceutical Formulations , Bulk Drugs , Health Care Products Hygiene And Healthcare ProductsAddress: 6th Floor, Sangeeta Complex, Nr. Parimal Crossing, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad-380006, India Tel: 91-79-6448896
Fax: 91-79-6408053
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Clean Air Systems
Laminar Air Flow Equipment & Systems For Applications In The Field Of Scientific & Industrial Research, Microbiology & Tissue Culture, Hospitals & Medical Education, Drugs & Pharmaceutical Industries, Electronic & Space Applications. Factory At RamapAddress: No. 4, 1st Floor, 100 Feet Road, Senthil Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600094, India Tel: 044-23725476
Fax: 044-24880360
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cleet Jmk Engineers Pvt Ltd
Deals In Pharmaceutical MachineryAddress: 39-40, Negervelle Industrial Estate, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Tel: 079-22749168
Edit Download as vCard
Clinsearch Labs Pvt. Ltd.
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: Lily Kunj Bungalow, Near Swastik Char Rasta, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, India Contact: Mr.
Tel: 917930925220
Fax: 917926442200
Website: www.clinsearchlabs.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Clit Jemkay Engineers Pvt Ltd
Pharmaceutical Machineries.Address: Ashikwadi Near. Nirala House, N.h. 8, Amraiwadi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Tel: 079-22875045, 22873096
Fax: 079-22875009
Edit Download as vCard
Clover Health Care
Pharmaceutical Capsules-empty & GelatinAddress: 6, Shreeji Complex, Rakanpur, Gandhinagar-382727, India Contact: Mr. Bhupinder Shah
Tel: 9127126850870
Fax: 9127126850558
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cmc Machinery
Pharmaceutical Machines For Tabletting & Injectable SectionsAddress: Plot 3604 & 3605, Gidc, Phase-iv, Vatva, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-382445, India Tel: 079-25831491, 25831492, 25831493
Fax: 079-25832602
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cmg Founders & Engineers
All Type Of Valve, Pumps, Pharmaceuticals, Automobile, Fire Fighting EtcAddress: 11, Yogeshpuri Colony, Near Nilkanth Colony, Parsi Agiyari Road, Kankaria, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380022, India Tel: 079-25454162, 25454494
Fax: 079-25454162
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cognex Pharma Ltd
Human Medicines Pharmaceutical Formulations & Bulk DrugsAddress: D-9, Huda Complex, Tarnaka , Hyderabad-500007, India Contact: Mr G Satyanarayana
Tel: 91-40-6216685
Fax: 91-40-701495
Edit Download as vCard
Colinz Laboratories Ltd.
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: A/101, Pratik Estae, Mulind-goregaon Link Road, Mumbai-400078, India Contact: Mr. N. K. Menon
Tel: 912225908002/8004/8003
Fax: 912225908004
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Colorcon Asai Pvt. Ltd.
Tablet Coating Tablet Coating Pharamaceutical Coating Pharmaceutical Capsules-empty & GelatinAddress: Govt.ind Est., 38-ab, Charkop, kandivali(w), Mumbai-400067, India Contact: Kamlesh Poza
Tel: 8682537/ 4503
Fax: 8684518
Website: www.colorcon.com
Edit Download as vCard
Colour Chem Ltd
Manufacture & Supply Of Pigmet Powders, Fine Pastes Dope Dyes, Textile Dyes, Pigment Emulsions Fine Chemicals For Agrochemical Pharmaceutical Dyes & Pigment Industries Process & Performance Products Such As Tanning Agents Auxiliaries For Leather AnAddress: ]ravindra Annexe, 194, Churchgate Reclamation, Mumbai, Maharashtra-400020, India Contact: Mr. B.r. Shah
Tel: 022-22022161
Fax: 022-22029781
Edit Download as vCard
Combitic Global
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 2027/7, Chuna Mandi, Pahar Ganj, New Delhi-110055, India Contact: Mr. Pvel Garg
Tel: 911123562145
Fax: 911123582460
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Comet Chemicals
Pharmaceutical ChemicalsAddress: 5-5-156, 1st Floor, Opp. Lala Temple, Ranigunj, Secunderabad-500003, India Contact: , Mr. D. K. Sharma
Tel: 914027714695/27712950
Fax: 914027714695
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Concept Intl.
Pharmaceutical Formulations , Bulk Drugs Veterinary Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical Bulk DrugsAddress: C, s.t Road, 167.kalina, Santacurz, Mumbai-400098, India Contact: A. B. Gupta
Tel: 91-22-6528888
Fax: 91-22-6525800
Website: www.concepil.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Concept Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Pharmaceutical ChemicalsAddress: 167 Kalina, C S T Road, Santacruz (e), Mumbai, Maharashtra-400098, India Tel: 0167-26528888
Fax: 0167-26525800
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Concept Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Pharmaceutical ChemicalsAddress: 167, Cst Road, Kalina, Santacruz (e), Mumbai-400098, India Contact: Vinod G Nair, Ashok J Shetty, Mr. A B Gupta
Tel: 912226525888
Fax: 912226525800
Website: www.madeindia.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Concord Drugs Ltd.
Mfrs. & Exporters Of Injectables & Bio-adhesive Used For Wound Closure. Pharmaceutical Formulations & Bulk DrugsAddress: Plot No. 2, Sbh Colony, Asmangadh, Malakpet, Hyderabad-500036, India Tel: 91-40-4067755
Fax: 91-40-4067757
Website: www.tradersindia.com/concord
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Concorde Chemical Corporation
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Chemical SuppliesAddress: 205, Pinky Palace, 750, S.v. Road, Khar (west), Mumbai-400052, India Contact: Mr. H.v. Parekh (proprietor)
Tel: 91-22-6463601
Fax: 91-22-6463940
Edit Download as vCard
Conmat Engg Pvt Ltd
Storage & Material Handling Systems. Clients Include General Motors, Dupont, Abb, Bayer, Arvind Mills, Delphi Automotive Systems, Denso Haryana, Ford, Hindustan Inks, Metrochem, M.j. Pharma, German Remedies, Motherson Sumitomo.Address: 709, Saffron Complex, Fatehganj, Vadodara, Gujarat-390002, India Tel: 0265-2792164
Fax: 0265-2782737
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cooper Pharma
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 12/12, Shakti Nagar, Delhi-110007, India Contact: Mr. Anuj Bhargava
Tel: 911127425242
Fax: 911127126178, 27224333
Website: www.cooperpharma.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Coral Drugs Pvt. Ltd.
Importer Of Pharmaceuticals, Formulations & Intermediates.Address: 805, Akashdeep Bldg, 26-a, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi, Delhi-110001, India Contact: B. K. Bhuwania
Tel: 011 233 56298, +91 11 233 50616
Fax: 011 233 23348
Website: www.coraldrugs.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Corel Pharma-chem
Manufacturers & Exporters Of Various Kinds Of Speciality Polymers For Pharmaceuticals: Tablet Coating , Suspending Agent , Thickener & Sustained Release Polymers. Cosmetic : Thickener , Suspending Agent , Emulsifier , Film Formers. Pvc : Proces Pharmaceutical Formulations & Bulk DrugsAddress: 2a-vijay Colony, Stadium Road, Naranpura, Ahmedabad-380013, India Tel: 91-79-7453618
Fax: 91-79-7450494
Website: www.corelpharmachem.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cornileus Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: Plot No. 43, H.no. 7-1-414/43, Santosh Mansion, Srinivas Colony East, S.r Nagar, Hyderabad-500038, India Contact: Mr. Srinivas , Mr. N. Sharat
Tel: 914023754482
Fax: 914023754483
Website: www.cornileus.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Corona Laboratories
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 48, Yogi Nagar, Near Godrej Hall, Fatehgunj, Vadodara-390002, India Contact: Mr. Shabdadharan V Shrivastava
Tel: 912652700782
Fax: 912652700782
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Corres Flow Engineers
Manufacturers Of Chemical Pumps, Plastic Pumps, Acid Pumps, Centrifugal Pumps, Chemical Dosing Pumps, Corrosion Resistant Pumps, Waste Water & Sewage Pumps, Gas Pumps, Impeller Pumps, Oil Pumps, Paper & Pulp Mill Pumps, Pharmaceutical Pumps, Solids HAddress: 1/20, Kailash Industrial Estate, Jay Chemical Street, Behind Hindustan Marbles, Odhav, Gujarat-382415, India Tel: 079-22874219
Fax: 079-22891459
Edit Download as vCard
Cortina Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.
Cortina Laboratories Is A Best Pharmaceutical Company In India Which Offers Pharma Pcd And Pharma Franchise To Its Partners Throughout The Country And Abroad.Address: A-26/3, Indira Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226016, India Contact: Pushkin (Manager)
Mobile: 7706991251
Tel: 07706991251
Fax: Pharmacy
Website: Http://www.cortinalabs.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cosmo Chemicals
Manufacturers Of Chemicals - Rubber, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals CosmeticsAddress: Wz-2, 1st Floor, Yadav Market Bhaiji Complex, Shakurpur, Delhi, Delhi-110034, India Contact: Mr. Vijay Bajaj
Tel: 011-27181612/27151640/9810680571
Fax: 011-27181612
Edit Download as vCard
Cosmopack Pvt. Ltd.
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 46-a, Sector-a, Sanwer Road, Indore-452015, India Contact: Mr. Deepak Thakuria
Tel: 917312724736/2721469
Fax: 917312721468
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cosmos International
Manufacturer And Exporter Of Agro Chemicals, Petro Chemicals And Pharmaceutical Bulk Drugs.Address: 1 Aradhana Colony, Sector-13, R K Puram, New Delhi, Delhi-110066, India Tel: 011-26888181r, 26876639
Edit Download as vCard
Cosmos Remedies Ltd.
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: L-10, Shroff Chambers, Paldi, Ahmedabad-380006, India Contact: Mr. Sheel Patel
Tel: 917926583946
Fax: 917926583946/25830118
Edit Download as vCard
Cotec Pharma
Allopathic Medicines & Pharmaceutical Drugs Manufacturers Of Allopathic Capsules & Tablets, Prescription Drugs, Antifungal Drugs, Anthelmintic Medicines, Dry Syrups, Suspensions, Dispersible Tablets In India.Address: E-72, South Side Of G.t. Road, Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201009, India Tel: 0120-2743680, 2741314
Fax: 0120-2743680, 2741314
Edit Download as vCard
Cpk Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
Chemical & Pharma Process Plant, Equipment, Filters, Spin Flash, Dryer & Rotary Vacuum & Vacuum Tray Dryer. FabricatorsAddress: Flat No. 203, Gayatri Gardens, ameerpet, Fabricators, Hyderabad-500016, India Contact: Mr. P K Kulshestha
Tel: 914023735424 / 23096887
Fax: 914023733298
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Creative Aromatics (specialities) Pvt. Ltd.
Mfg. Of Flavours, Emulsion, Food Additives For Aerated Water, Dairy Products, Liquors, Pharma, Bakery And Confectionery And Fragrance And Perfumery Compounds For Cosmetic Soap And Detergents, Tobacco, Agarbathi Industries Etc. Perfumes & FragrancesAddress: #67/7, Indl. Suburb, yeshwanthpur, Perfumes & Fragrances, Bangalore-560022, India Contact: Eypuser , B Manoharan
Tel: 918023479296/23479297
Fax: 918023579366
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Creative Indians
Creative Indians Is A Fast Growing Hr Solutions & Consulting Company Specialising In Recruitments & Training In It, Ites, Telecom & Pharma & Other Industries.Address: C -1/20, Janakpuri, New Delhi, New Delhi-110058, India Contact: Capt Chand Pathak (Ceo)
Tel: 011-45088688
Website: Http://www.creativeindians.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Crescent Plastic
Manufacturers And Exporters Of Pharma Packaging ProductsAddress: D201, Ghatkopar Industrial Estate, off Lbs Marg, Ghatkopar (w), Mumbai 400 086, India, Mumbai-400086, India Tel: (91)(22)25007767
Fax: (91)(22)25007768
Edit Download as vCard
Crown Exports
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 63, Svp Road, Patel Buliding, Dongri, Mumbai-400009, India Contact: Mr. Kamil
Tel: 912223742828
Fax: 912256336664
Website: www.corwncare.net
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Crown Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: 303-b, Rajshri Avenue, Near Dinesh Hall, Income Tax, Ashram Road, Ahmedabad-380009, India Contact: Ms. Dipika Patel , Mr. Subodh Patel
Tel: 917926581926/26584993
Fax: 917926581633
Website: www.shreejidyestuff.com
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Crp Group
Pharmaceutical MachineryAddress: G-1-g3, Kundan Towers, Mayuri Marg, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016, India Contact: Mr. J L P R Narashima
Fax: 914027762771/1366
Website: www.crpindia.com
Edit Download as vCard
Crystal Automation Pvt Ltd
Manufacturers & Exporters Of Pneumatic Transfer Systems, Dust Separators For Sugar/granules, All Types Of Floor Conveyors/overhead Trolley Conveyors, Dust Collection Systems, Magnetic Crowns, Conveyors, Spms For Food & Pharmaceutical Industry, TabletAddress: Rajshree Industrial Complex, Building No. 1, Unit No. 8 & 108, Behind Lawkim Ltd., Chitalsar Manpada, Thane, Maharashtra-400607, India Tel: 022-25433869
Fax: 022-25384463
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Crystal Pharma
Pharmaceutical Raw Material, Poultry Feed Suppliments Pharmaceutical Raw MaterialAddress: Mani Bhavan, 3rd Floor, Pathakwadi, Lohar Chawl, Mumbai-400002, India Contact: Mr. Harnish Shah (partner)
Tel: 91-22-2067631 /2075874
Fax: 91-22-2075874
Edit Download as vCard
Csc Pharmaceuticals
Mfrs. & Exporters Of Life Saving Drugs - Anaesthetics, Cardio Vascular, Anti-retrovirals, Anti-biotics, Anti-tb, Etc. Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: Gala No.6, Sunrise Indl. Estate, Hallav Pool, Hall Rd., Kurla (w), Pharmaceutical Formulations, Mumbai-400070, India Contact: Sachin Kumar Padhy, Mr Chaitanya Shah , Mr. Chaitanya Shah
Tel: 912225035279, 25033015
Fax: 912255952175
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Cubit Healthcare
Pharmaceutical Menufecturar Of Tablets,capsules,ointment,syrup&injectionAddress: 85 Chetan Market Nr Sarangpur Gate Sarangpur Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, Gujarat-380001, India Contact: Prabhat Agrawal (Director)
Mobile: 9426513688
Tel: 22114175
Website: Cubithealthcare,net
Send Business InquiryEdit Download as vCard
Curefast Drugs & Intermediates
Pharmaceutical FormulationsAddress: Sirat Road P.o., Mohtli (damtal), Dist.kangra , Kangra, India Contact: Mr. Rajinder Ohri
Tel: 911875240030/240118/240130
Fax: 911292264230
Edit Download as vCard
|Add your Company »
|Sort by
|Page 10 of 38 | Total 1882 contacts in this tag
|« Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 .... 37 38 Next »
Disclaimer: The information displayed here are from databases and or are provided by the contact person / companies themselves. NIIR takes no responsibility to the authentication and verification of this information.
About NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES
NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES (NPCS) is a reliable name in the industrial world for offering integrated technical consultancy services. NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries.
Our various services are: Detailed Project Report, Business Plan for Manufacturing Plant, Start-up Ideas, Business Ideas for Entrepreneurs, Start up Business Opportunities, entrepreneurship projects, Successful Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, project report, Cost and Revenue, Pre-feasibility study for Profitable Manufacturing Business, Project Identification, Project Feasibility and Market Study, Identification of Profitable Industrial Project Opportunities, Business Opportunities, Investment Opportunities for Most Profitable Business in India, Manufacturing Business Ideas, Preparation of Project Profile, Pre-Investment and Pre-Feasibility Study, Market Research Study, Preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report, Identification and Section of Plant, Process, Equipment, General Guidance, Startup Help, Technical and Commercial Counseling for setting up new industrial project and Most Profitable Small Scale Business.
NPCS also publishes varies process technology, technical, reference, self employment and startup books, directory, business and industry database, bankable detailed project report, market research report on various industries, small scale industry and profit making business. Besides being used by manufacturers, industrialists and entrepreneurs, our publications are also used by professionals including project engineers, information services bureau, consultants and project consultancy firms as one of the input in their research.
Products & Services
Contact Us
My Account
Payment Options
We Process

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Educating Children with Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome (also Known as 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and DiGeorge Syndrome)
- Second Edition
- Details:
- 328 pages, Illustrated (B/W), Softcover, 7 x 10"
- 978-1-59756-492-2
- Release Date:
- 10/26/2012
Velo-cardio-facial-syndrome, also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome, is relatively new--the genetic test to determine if a child has it has only been available since 1994. Educating Children with Velo-Cardio Facial Syndrome (also Known as 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and DiGeorge Syndrome), Second Edition, effectively blends the thoughtful research that has transpired within the past 15 years with practical and current educational strategies to better meet the needs of children with VCFS and other developmental disabilities.
To first address the scientific information that is needed to understand the syndrome and the implications of current research, expert contributors present the results of studies involving brain abnormalities, language/learning profiles and psychiatric/behavioral difficulties. These valuable chapters are written in a reader-friendly manner to help parents, professionals, and teachers gain useful and necessary comprehension of the unique characteristics of the VCFS population.
The second part of the book is a practical guide to educating a child with VCFS from birth through adulthood. Divided into the various stages of development from preschool to adulthood, it includes information regarding the necessary tests special education teams should run, typical difficulties associated with learning, changes that occur with ability as the child matures (drop in IQ scores and increased learning challenges), as well as behavioral problems in the school setting. Each section includes discussions of the learning challenges and accommodations that can be used at school and at home during that stage of maturity. The authors also present meaningful advice on issues such as friendships, private vs. public school placement, job training, and other pertinent decisions that affect the VCFS childs everyday life.
For the second edition, the author has added fresh and updated content. A partial list of new material includes:
- The most recent research and studies to make the text as up-to-date as possible
- Expanded and enhanced coverage of bullying and the social/emotional aspects of VCFS
- More information on common core standards and standardized testing for children with disabilities
- Homeschooling and other placement alternatives
- Executive functioning deficits and their impact in the classroom
- Dealing with problem behaviors
- Issues related to anxiety and school success
- Cognitive remediation and new treatment strategies
- New math and reading remediation techniques
- Expanded section on the very young child
With its expanded content, as well as contributions from some of the most highly regarded experts in the field, Educating Children with Velo-Cardio Facial Syndrome (also Known as 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and DiGeorge Syndrome), Second Edition is an essential resource for teachers, parents, physicians, and therapists of children with velo-cardio-facial-syndrome.
Christie Mellies, MS, CCC-SLP, Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology:
"The book is well organized and while one can access just the chapters that are related to their child's age, information in other chapters can be quite useful regardless of the child's grade in school... This is an excellent book to help professionals, educators and parent better understand VCFS and the educational needs of these students. [Refers to First Edition]"
Jude A. Driscoll OT Reg.(PEI), Registered Occupational Therapist, TRE Facilitator Level I and II, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy (2013):
"As a parent and an occupational therapist, I recommend this resource about a rare condition that may require occupational therapy input for physical, cognitive, and possibly psychiatric reasons. The book has two parts: The first is scientific studies, and the second is educational interventions and evaluation of effective practices Functional insights are specified from birth to adulthood.
...The editor is both a mother and a teacher with 38 years of experience. As an American, she provides extensive American resources as well as valuable contact information for centers of excellence in six other countries. I recommend this book for educators and for occupational therapists who work in mental health, pediatrics, and schools. As a parent of a child with this condition, I found it helpful and other parents may as well."
Anny Mayne, Specialist SLT, North Thames Regional Cleft Lip and Palate Service, Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists Bulletin (July 2013):
"This book had the ambitious goal of education the public and professionals about this syndrome and improving the lives of those affected by it. It is no mean feat that [largely] it succeeds. The first part provides an overview of the condition; the second focuses on classroom interventions. Recognized experts in the field write the background chapters...The second section on educational interventions is very practice and provides a wealth of advice that would benefit parents, educational staff and SLTs. The author is often at pains to point out the lack of evidence for advocated interventions in this condition but extrapolates from other related fields to make reasonable suggestions...[T]his remains a valuable resource."
Teacher Awareness Questionnaire
1. Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome: Past, Present, and Future
Robert J. Shprintzen, PhD
2. Introduction to Education and the Neurocognitive Profile
Donna Cutler-Landsman, M.S., Tony J. Simon, PhD, and Wendy Kates, PhD
3. Cognition and the VCFS Brain: The Implications of Syndrome-Specific Deficits for School Performance
Bronwyn Glaser, MS and Stephan Eliez, MD
4. Psychiatric Disorders and Treatment in Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome
Doron Gothelf, MD, Merav Burg, MA and Moran Zalevsky, BA
5. Communication in Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome
Karen Golding-Kushner, PhD
6. Childhood Illness in Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome and its Impact on School Attendance and Performance
Anne Marie Higgins, RN, FNP, MA
Donna Cutler-Landsman, MS
7. The Early Years: Birth to 3 Programs
8. Getting Ready for School: Preschool (Ages 35)
9. Entering a Formal School Education Program
10. Building the Foundation: Kindergarten through Second Grade (Ages 57)
11. Gaining Expertise: Upper Elementary Grades Three through Five (Ages 811)
12. Exploring New Horizons: Middle School (Ages 1114)
13. Choices and Future Goals: High School (Ages 1418)
14. Transition to Adulthood: A Model Program (Ages 1821)
15. Conclusion
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
About The Author
Donna Cutler-Landsman, MS, is an educator who has spent thirty years in the classroom teaching children in grades five through eight, and as an advisor to the gifted and talented program in the Middleton Cross Plains Area School District in Wisconsin. In addition, she has served as a cooperating teacher with the School of Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison for fifteen years and as an educational consultant for issues related to the special education needs of children with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. She is a past president of the VCFS Educational Foundation and a popular speaker on issues related to VCFS and education throughout the United States and abroad.
Related Titles
Group Treatment for Asperger Syndrome
182 pages, Illustrated (B/W), Softcover, 6 x 9"
Medical Genetics
182 pages, Color Illustrations (4 Color), Softcover, 7 x 10"
Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome, Volume II
Karen J. Golding-Kushner, Robert J. Shprintzen
256 pages, Illustrated (B/W), Softcover, 7 x 10"
Waardenburg Syndrome
136 pages, Color Illustrations (4 Color), Softcover, 7 x 10"
Visual Language in Autism
Howard C. Shane, Sharon Weiss-Kapp
176 pages, Available Online Only
Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome, Volume I
Robert J. Shprintzen, Karen J. Golding-Kushner
289 pages, Illustrated (B/W), Softcover, 7 x 10"


text:
1. A book called Mosaic Leadership has come on my radar.
2. 'We think evangelism is for unbelievers and discipleship is for believers but really both are for both'
The Stories we live, Page 139
3. As folk have probably resolved to read the Bible more intentionally these tips might be a help.
4. We really enjoyed this about getting old.
5. I read Silence a few years back and now its a film.
6. I haven't got Facebook or Twitter on my new phone so I read Digital; Detox with interest. I've decided I can log in when I want to catch up.


text:
DAVe: Data Analysis and Visualization engine (coming soon)
Dynamic multivariatE data analysis And VIsUalization PlatforM is a browser-based multivariate data analysis solution implemented in Shiny.
A metabolomic network mapping tool.
Microsoft Excel add-in for multivariate analyses and visualizations using R. This tool provides access to multiple comparisons with false discovery correction, hierarchical clustering, principal (PCA) and independent component analyses (ICA), partial least squares regression (PLS) and discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), through an intuitive interface for creating high quality two and a three-dimensional visualizations including scatter plot matrices, distribution plots, dendrograms, heat maps, biplots, trellis biplots and correlation networks.
Read more
More Tools


text:
It is interesting because previous research looking at historical carbon dioxide examined ice cores from the Antarctic and found that temperature lagged CO2 by about 800 years. This is an often used by climate contrarians to suggest proof that Co2 can't cause warming, but all it really does is show that it doesn't have to be responsible for initial warming.
|From New Scientist
So the generally accepted scientific mechanism for past climate warming was that another forcing, and not CO2, was the initial trigger. That initial warming released enough GHGs, from permafrost, oceans etc., which then led to more warming. There is absolutely no doubt with the basic physics that CO2 causes warming. These other trigger forcings have usually been down to orbital variations known as Milankovitch cycles. This is still the accepted scientific cause for switches between Ice Ages and warmer inter glacier periods.
But this new research looked at 80 global proxy records of temperature, not just Antarctic ice cores, which can only reveal local conditions, for the last deglaciation and found that "temperature is correlated with and generally lags CO2 during the last (that is, the most recent) deglaciation."
|Sites of the 80 temperatures proxies used in Shakun et al's paper
So while the basic premise for the cause of de-glaciations remains, this research indicates that CO2 can be an early, even initial forcing of warming, which further undermines the contrarian argument of temperature causing increased CO2 and not the other way around.
So how was this interesting research reported on Steven Goddard's Real Science?
"Antarctica Is A Very Smart PlaceI understand that this is what passes for humour among those in denial, but rather than acting the idiot, shouldn't someone making a case against AGW, and who wants to be considered seriously, actually try to understand the scientific research that the conclusions are based on, and counter that? Well clearly of course they should, but in this case they obviously can't, so instead they act like a kid making faces and stupid remarks behind the teachers back.
According to the latest research from top Ivy League expert Dr. Shakun, Antarctica is able to anticipate changes in CO2 several hundred years in advance, and preemptively adjust its thermostat long before the CO2 decides to spontaneously increase or decrease.
CO2 found it frustrating at first that Antarctica always anticipated his moves, until Dr. Shakun explained to him that this mysterious teleconnection proves that CO2 controls the universe. "


text:
With the advancements of science and technology, one would imagine that cancer is beginning to dwindle away in the world. While cancer itself may become more treatable, doctors are also discovering more levels and different forms of the illness. Thankfully, there are many signs of female cancer that can be clear to a physician and help to identify the situation before it becomes deadly. Every woman should know what to look for and when to call the doctor.
Cancer Symptoms Women Often Ignore
Women are extremely busy these days--to the point where having five minutes alone is nonexistent. Children, work and spouses take up the majority of their time each day. As a result, even though many ladies are the glue that holds their family units together, they do not put themselves first and have regular checkups to avoid any serious ailments. There are many forms of cancer in women, but some are obviously more serious than others. Thyroid cancer, early lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, melanoma or skin cancer, and ovarian cancer are all very serious but treatable in most cases if caught early enough.
Some Signs Women Should Never Ignore:
- Loss of weight that is unexplainable: This can be a huge sign of cancer. Always have testing done when this occurs.
- Trouble swallowing: Some experts believe this can be a sign of lymphoma and cancer in the throat.
- Bleeding that is irregular: This symptom can be as a result of ovarian or uterine cancers.
- Changes in skin pigmentation: This is a big one for women that adore sun bathing. Have moles checked annually.
- Abdominal pain: A common sign of cancer and other severe illnesses, such as pancreatitis.
- Changes such as bleeding in your stool: This is one of the common symptoms of rectal/colon cancer.
- Bad indigestion: This can be a result of intestinal cancer and issues regarding other parts of the digestive system.
- Changes in the tongue or mouth that can be spotty: This is one that is closely related to oral cancer and also menopause.
- Recurring fevers: A small but very telling symptom for your doctor.
- Changes in the lymph notes: This is very common is several forms of cancer.
- Coughing a lot: Some may think they have a common cold, but chronic coughing is a true sign of some forms of cancer.
- Feeling tired or fatigued regularly: Most cancer patients experience persistent fatigue prior to getting their diagnosis.
How to Decrease Your Chances of Cancers
There are several methods to actually lower your risk for developing any types of cancer. Quitting smoking for one is a wonderful way to start. Losing weight, having regular visits with your doctor, getting mammograms, have a colonoscopy, and getting active also decrease risk. Keeping yourself fit and active can help the body ward off certain illnesses. Get screenings done to check for any types of cancer that you physician feels you may be at risk for. Stop drinking alcohol, and always aim to be stress free. Avoiding stress is a very big effort for some, but it can at least be decreased, and each time you give yourself a few moments to realize the joys in your life instead of those that stress you, you'll increase the grade on your health report card.


text:
Tuesday, January 22, 2013
You can see there are a couple of different kinds of mint, see the rosemary creeping out from behind...
Ah theres the spoon...I have always collected odd silver plated spoons and find there are so many uses for them...The ones that are worn the most I have flattened with a sledge hammer and emboss with an alphabet kit from the internet (not quite as easy as they make it out to be) however still fun and creative...lots of tuts on google for hand stenciling spoons...
This was a large server spoon, loved the way the metal split from the hammering. When the spoons start to look dingy just rub them with dry steel wool and they will look just like new...
Can you tell this was a sweet little soup spoon...I had several of these, they are wonderful for using in sugar bowl or even in a small individual dish of some type of sauce...
Can you read the little chives spoon peeping out...
If you look carefully you can see a green chair that sits in the planter it has cute garden tools carved on the back...so sweet. I always try and use the herbs from this herb garden, however I have to admit sometimes, I just forget...lol do you do that too?
You can see the tiny flower I tucked in the back in last summers herb garden, it just adds a little suprise...
I must have been on a roll with the plant markers I even did one with just my initials on it (no jokes about the initials) ....Love all the mint for the lemonade in the summer...so fresh and home grown...
Thanks so much for stopping by Around the House, please leave a comment and tell me about your herbs, I know it is snowing in so many places, but you know you have some of those old pictures of your herbs from the summer just waitin around to come out....
11 comments:
i LOVE the herbs! you have given me so many wonderful ideas for my new house/garden. the spoons are extra special you are very clever...CateReplyDelete
Hi Phyl - no pictures of my herbs but I have a BIG rosemary bush and two Big bay trees. Love the spoons with herb names on them. Great blogReplyDelete
- MadonnaJanuary 22, 2013 at 9:26 PM
Last year my neighbor thinned his garden and gave me several pots of rosemary, mint, thyme. My other neighbor has a prolific lemon tree. I am a happy woman. However, I need to plant some dill, chives, and some parsley. Do you have any growing tips? I am in the same climate as you - just down the 405.ReplyDelete
HOOOOLY COW, WOMAN.....that header is so awesome !!ReplyDelete
I love your spoons...and your initals are TERRIBLE...hahhhaa...
Great herb garden.
What wonderful use you made of that pot! I can't believe all of the herbs, flowers, and decorative treasures in that pot. I've tried to do a little herb garden before, but not only did I forget to use them, I forgot to water them. Sadly, I have to buy mine at the store. laurieReplyDeleteReplies
I can relate to that totally..Delete
By the way, I am drooling over those cute pies in jars in your header. laurieReplyDelete
What a sweet garden to go and pull fresh herbs from. Love, love, love the little spoons. Have to tell you as your header rolled down I started drooling over the litte pies in a jar... they look so yummmmmmmmyyyyyyy... hugs ~lynne ~ReplyDelete
Hi Lynne, I don't have anyplace for a herb garden in the winter but I did plant some onion sets late Fall in a pot on the deck and I am still getting green onions from it, which I use all the time. I love it! Thank you so much for visiting and leaving your sweet comment. :)ReplyDelete
Lovely pictures! I am designing a garden now and will start planting in a couple months. Your spoons are just precious. Maybe I will make some of them:)ReplyDelete
How great to grow your own herbs, a couple years ago I grew chives and used them all the time...I have got to grow them again. I have wanted to try the spoon stenciling too...Love them!ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for leaving a comment I truly appreciate what you have to say and always read every one.


text:
The bitterly cold Atlantic winds have met their match with in this well-insulated green roofed home in Nova Scotia. The project's southern orientation give the house a big bump up in efficiency, and the wonderful roof system and unique skin provide it with a rich personality. Richard Kroeker Design hit all the right notes with this unique home — its green profile, good looks and low stance serve to enhance the neighborhood surrounding it.
The home is an extraordinary example of eco-friendly architecture. Take the roof for example — the custom trusses are made from 1x dimensional lengths of wood that have been stacked and bent to form a lens shape. They carry the weight of a green roof that acts as a buffer to the strong coastal winds and make a great insulating barrier. As Mr. Kroeker points out, even the uphill neighbors get a great view.
The high-set rows of windows bathe the interior with warmth and light even in the dead of winter. Outside, a basket weave façade made of weather-resistant white cedar strips adds to home's organic character.


text:
Airline schedule planning typically involves four steps from schedule design, fleet assignment, aircraft routing to crew pairing/rostering. At the stage of aircraft routing, schedule planning involves the optimisation of aircraft routing by formulating aircraft routing as integer programming problems such as the work by Arguello et al (1998), Barnhart et al (1998), Luo and Yu (1997), Rexing et al (2000), Teodorovic and Stojkovic (1995) and Yang and Young (1996). Sophisticated optimisation algorithms have been developed to solve complex integer programming problems and satisfactory results can be achieved within reasonable computing times and resources nowadays. In the real practice, aircraft routing problems are hardly solved by a single step. Instead, the routing optimisation and problem solving process may involve intervention from experienced airline schedulers, e.g. manually adjusting routing plans to reflect some operating constraints such as aircraft turnaround times at specific airports and flight punctuality targets of key feeder flights. This 'fine-tuning' procedure is widely used by airlines because the current approach in aircraft routing optimisation, e.g. integer programming is not an operation-oriented approach, but more optimisation focused.
Given the current aircraft routing optimisation approach, the robustness and reliability of airline schedules is not well considered against stochastic disruptions in operations. Therefore, experienced airline schedulers may manually adjust the preliminary results of aircraft routing to achieve higher schedule reliability and/or higher punctuality. In addition, this task is usually conducted under certain operational constraints, e.g. limited use of buffer times, airport slot availability, achieving punctuality targets and reducing delay propagation in the network. Regarding the algorithms to optimally adjust airline schedules at this stage of planning, most schedulers rely heavily on individual experience rather than on sound theoretical backgrounds and algorithms.
To solve the schedule fine-tune problem, sequential optimisation algorithms are proposed in this paper. Algorithms are developed to apply sequential optimisation in fine-tuning aircraft routing plans based on the preliminary results of aircraft routing planning. To evaluate the effectiveness of embedded buffer times in draft airline schedules, a simulation model (Wu, 2005) is used to generate the benchmark required to effectively allocate scarce aircraft times.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sequential optimisation algorithm on schedule planning, a case study is conducted by using schedule information and punctuality data of an anonymous airline, denoted by 'Airline X'. A selected fleet with 17 narrow-body aircraft flying to 20 destinations is used in the following case study.
The developed sequential optimisation algorithm is applied to Airline X's network and the summary results are shown in Figure 1. The usage of buffer times for each rotation (operated individually by one aircraft) is compared with the estimated saving of delay times after sequential optimisation. Additional 260 minutes are used to relax aircraft routing plans according to optimisation criteria given above, and this also generates an estimated saving of 540 minutes delay network wide. If we assume that the monetary cost of one unit buffer time and delay time is $200 per minute, then the estimated impact of the sequential optimisation on the new schedule is equivalent to an extra expenditure for Airline X by $19 million dollars per annum but a delay cost saving by $39 million dollars per annum, resulting in $20 million dollars net saving on operating costs per annum. This estimated cost saving could be significant enough for the study regional fleet and could have a positive impact on the profitability of an airline.
The optimised schedule is tested by the schedule simulator to evaluate how the optimised schedule may react to current operating environment faced by Airline X. Simulation results of the optimised schedule are compared with the inherent delays of the Dream Case (Wu, 2005) and the current delays of the Reality Case in Figure 2 below. Although the delay level of the optimised schedule is only as good as 70% of the expected level, i.e. inherent delays, the optimised schedule effectively controls the overall delays across the network to the required target level. Total departure delays of the original schedule are 1,816 minutes, which is reduced to 1,278 minutes after optimisation. This result also reflects on the increase of average network-wide schedule reliability from 37% to 52% after optimisation.
More Articles
More articles containing information about research in the Department of Aviation can be found on the homepage articles web-page.


text:
BOERNE - Trammell Crow Company's 33.3-acre Boerne Town
Center and REATA Real Estate's proposed 1.48-acre Johns Crossing are skimming
the top of what is expected to be a long line of retail developments for an
area that has consistently posted population, incomes and land value increases.
Boerne Town Center—plans for which expect to provide more
than 1.45 million sf of rentable space—already have deals with McDonald's,
Chick-Fil-A and CVS for some of the pad sites on the property.
Construction has not started yet at the northeast corner of
I-10 West and Christus Pkwy., but rents for in-line space are already commanding
$30 per sf.
Johns Crossing will offer about 50,000 sf of retail space.
Located at the southeast corner of I-10 and Johns Rd., the proposed development
is at the main artery to Boerne's historic center and a stone's throw away from
major retailers such as H-E-B Plus!, Home Depot and Walmart.
The proposed center is slated for the site directly south of
the 172-unit Carrington Place apartment complex and to the west of the new
Fabra Elementary School.
Rents for space at Johns Crossing range between $22 and $25
per sf.
Our twice-weekly e-newsletter provides a quick overview of Texas real estate markets. Because your time is valuable.


text:
This is a question I pretty much have on my mind 24/7. It's difficult to figure out the exact equation for job:loss ratio. I mean, at what point is a $10/hour job worth it? Should I get "just anything"? When I was nannying for friends a few months go they paid me $12/hour, but I doubled my gas bill and was literally so exhausted at the end of the day I could barely sit upright let alone look for work. I know it sounds so simple to so many, "Well, just do it. You have no choice." But really, I did the best I could and it involved not having so much left over to look for real work.
So, how destitute do I have to be before that $10 seems adequate and worth the time/energy loss? I haven't figured that out yet, but I'm hustling other ideas. I'm going to open an Etsy shop once I've built up a library of things to sell. My parents want to give me a commission for selling some of their shit on Craigslist. Rooster will give me 100% of the profits if I can move an old armoire out of his garage so long has he has no involvement in it. I'm going to sell my old car. And my sister -- the loving, sweet, big little sister that she is -- has been sending me a few hundred dollars a month that helps me just barely stay in the black.
I've considered moving apartments, but then I'd probably be further from the city and Hawk's amazing school if I wanted to keep the level of comfort I have. Should I sell my car in order to save about $50/month in gas? It's paid off. Does that make sense? I don't have cable and so I watch Hulu and the Instant stuff off Netflix which is $9/month. Rooster suggested I get rid of my iPhone, but it's only $85/month and I need a cell phone regardless. Does that make sense? I basically don't eat on the weeks Hawk isn't here, so I save money on food. When I go out and have to buy my own drink, I get $2 Lone Star, because yeah, having a life and socializing is imperative for my happiness.
I think I'm missing something, though. I try and pretend that I receive NO income whatsoever and think about what I would do differently. But honestly, my brain can come up with no answers. I'm worried I'm secretly a loser (yeah, yeah, yeah, this post was me on a good day). Lazy. Good for nothing. A colossal piece of shit. Shouldn't I be doing something work-related right this second, for instance??
June has been a really great month for job opportunities, though. I've applied to half a dozen jobs this month alone! Compare that with half a dozen since March since I have limitations on the jobs I can apply to: I'm not flexible with hours and shifts I can work and I don't speak Spanish (ohhh, how I wish I did!), and for the last 3 months most available jobs were weird shifts and required a language I don't know. However, I start volunteering at a reputable agency here in Austin soon and I found a supervisor I highly esteem. Things aren't all bad. (You see this circular internal commentary? You suck --> you're trying --> try harder --> you still suck.)
Friends and family are always telling me I should get paid for my writing so I did some research on freelance stuff. Ohmyfuckinggodareyouserious?? Pages and pages of bullshit. Cents per copy. Business relationships. Contracts. Legal issues. Casting a wide net. It's who you know. It's a full-time job. Blahblahblah. Can you say overwhelmed?? Maybe I should have taken up all those advertisers looking for space on my blog. Anyone want a Better Homes and Garden link up? A post-swap? Maybe Kraft dinners? I'm into it now!! Please come back!
In a post-Bush economy, where do the over-educated and slightly-behind-the-eight-ball folks go for cash?? Please. I'd really like to know. I need help!


text:
City Breaks
Let Thorne Travel plan your unique city escape.
We can arrange the ultimate memorable city break full of culture, sightseeing and shopping.
Indulge in some retail therapy in the concrete jungle of New York, sunbathe in the cosmopolitan hotspot that is Barcelona, cycle through the winding streets of Amsterdam or sail through the many canals of Venice. Endless wandering around amazing city's sampling the best local cuisine and practicing a new language.
Some of the endless destinations include:
- New York
- Barcelona
- Amsterdam
- Rome
- London
- Prague
- Paris
- Budapest
Whatever a city break means to you, we can arrange your perfect days away.


text:
The old Tait MPT system for the Coventry BID has now replaced by a MotoTRBO Linked Capacity Plus system.
The MPT system is still being used by a handful of users, but the vast majority are now on the DMR system (the MPT system will be decommissioned in due course).
Just thought this might be of interest to some
Ad blocker detected: Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors. Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker on our website.
Coventry goes MotoTRBO
Scanning radio frequencies in the West Midlands
Post Reply
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
- benw18
- Super Member
- Posts: 363
- Joined: 19 May 2011, 14:20
- AshtonMobileScanner
- Super Member
- Posts: 481
- Joined: 25 Oct 2011, 12:49
- Call Sign: 26TM931
- Location: Dukinfield, Tameside
Re: Coventry goes MotoTRBO
They can still be listened to via dsd decode and a dvb-t dongle
Motorola UHF DP3600 x2,
Golden One 1907,
Baofeng UV5RA+,
Diamond RH771 Antenna,
UHF Stubby Antenna,
Diamond X-30 Antenna,
(Monitor All Channels)
- benw18
- Super Member
- Posts: 363
- Joined: 19 May 2011, 14:20
Re: Coventry goes MotoTRBO
Unless DSD decodes privacy and RAS then no you can't.
Post Reply
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 2 guests


text:
Counting Backwards
Drama | 30 minutes 45 seconds | 2014 | United Kingdom
SHOWTIME: 12:00PM – (All times are subject to change)
Sally has a teenager (Kelly) who wants to stay out late, just like her friends. When her mum says no, she storms out of the house.
At her Aunty Jackie's house, Kelly charges her mum with being unreasonable. Jackie gives Kelly an envelope containing documents from a violent incident involving Sally, twenty years before.
Sean De Sparengo
Geoff Thompson
Eddie Deighton
Jon Sloan
Campbell Beaton
Tiernan Hanby
Max Mcgill
Key Cast
Hetti Bywater
Kate Ashfield
Jethro Skinner
Kathryn Prescott
Craig Conway
Sarah Hoare
Wendy Albiston
Jeanette Rourke
Orlessa Altass
Richard Ward
Ronnie Foxx
Jo Mcinnes
Adam Wilson
Ashley Mcguire
Naomi Battrick
Rob Hughes
DOP – Adam Suschitzky Bsc
Production Designer – Ed Butcher
Editor – Joel Miller
Colourist – Simone Grattarola
Sound Recordists – John Arkley, Neil Mcintyre, Simon Batchelar
Stylist – Emily Jerman
Make-Up Artists – Chloe Butcher, Sian Duke, Camilla Fernandez, Michaela Silvester,
Lucy King, Farida Ghwe, Rebecca Doney, Lisa Zipper
Make-Up Assistant – Michelle Young
Set Decorator – Jerry Bland
Director: Sean De Sparengo
Sean studied graphic design and photography at Kingston University, and was lucky enough to be head hunted by the BBC for its prestigious presentation graphics dept. He was quickly responsible for the creative / branding output of several of the BBC's Channels and designed, directed and produced numerous award-winning BBC trails, idents and title sequences including his Royal television society award winning BBC 2 idents.
He also designed and directed title sequences and identity campaigns with some of the world's leading international broadcasters including ITV, Channel 4, FIVE, CNN, MTV, HALLMARK, SKY, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, VIRGIN MEDIA, FOX, CANAL+ etc.
Recently Sean has been developing his own feature film with BAFTA award winning writer Geoff Thompson, while he earns a living directing commercials for top tier clients including Disney, National Geographic, Scottish Widows, Lucozade, ESPN etc, One of his recent Ads has been hailed as the most powerful commercial of the year by several industry magazines for Choice FM's Anti Gun Crime cinema Ad, which won Sean the most prestigious award in the advertising industry – a CANNES LION.
He has also directed several videos for some of the biggest acts in the british music industry – Take That, Westlife, Girls Aloud and the Sugababes amongst others gaining a reputation for cinematic style and beauty lighting.
He has a great appreciation of visual style but loves more than anything to maintain a balance between the story and the look.
Sean is one of the new breed that subscribes to the view, "why be good at one thing, when you can be good at lots of things" so has recently taken up advertising and fashion photography in a big way! Photographically he's doing really well winning loads of awards including 4 Golds at the industry leading Campaign Magazine Advertising Awards two years running, he has had 8 shots shortlisted in last years AOP awards (more than any other entered photographer) as well being recently ranked as the 3rd best photographer working in advertising – internationally in the Campaign's top ten Annual.


text:
This topic contains 0 replies, has 1 voice, and was last updated by Richard Teller 1 year, 10 months ago.
Viewing 1 post (of 1 total)
Viewing 1 post (of 1 total)
You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
Registered members have full access to Pro support forums here.
Feel free to log in or purchase a support key.


text:
A satirical workplace comedy with a slick action twist, Fouad Mikati's Operation: Endgame explores the violence that erupts when the organization charged with protecting America implodes, and the employees turn their guns on each other instead of their enemies. Somewhere beneath Washington, D.C., an intense rivalry is heating up between two opposing teams of government assassins. The hired killers in the organizations take their names from Tarot cards. The Fool (more
All Operation: Endgame photos
All Operation: Endgame cast + crew photos
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2019 FANDANGO MOVIES.


text:
Lia fights a war every day.
A war with herself.
A war with food.
At 95 pounds she still feels fat. When she looks in the mirror she sees the pockets of fat hanging on her body. Everyone else is just blind. Two stays in a treatment facility hasn't cured her; it just forced her to develop techniques to survive in a world of food. She picks the bruised apples at lunch so she has an excuse to cut some of it off, she sews quarters in the lining of her robe to add weight when she has to stand on the scale in front of her stepmother, and she cuts herself – just little cuts in order to let the pain leak out of her body.
When Lia learns that Cassie, her best friend, has been found dead in a motel room, maintaining any healthy habit is extremely difficult. Not only does she have to listen to her own voice obsessing about every calorie of food she consumes; now she has to deal with Cassie making her ghostly appearances and cheering her on and encouraging her to get skinnier so Lia can join Cassie on the "other side."
Lia must decide where she wants to be – in the world with the living or stuck in the frozen world where she has trapped herself.
Laurie Halse Anderson has done it again. With this being the tenth anniversary of the release of SPEAK, it is a wonderful time for WINTERGIRLS to debut. It is an extremely powerful and honest look at the life of an anorexic girl. You will be choked up and at a loss for words by the time you get to the final page.


text:
Because we know you love Free Shipping, we have it on over 14,000 items.In addition, you are also eligible for FREE Shipping when your order is over $49, under 5 lbs and shipped anywhere in the contiguous United States across all items we carry.
We tend to expect more from our soap these days. Like every other product in our bath and beauty regimen, we expect results like anti-aging, skin tone improvement and blemish obliteration.
For anyone looking to get more from their soap than just clean, try out African black soap.
History of African Black Soap
Originating in West African countries like Ghana, African black soap has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for skin that's either oily or too dry and for the treatment of skin conditions like acne and psoriasis. Also referred to as "Anago Soap," "Ose Dudu" or "Alata Simena," this soap can reduce the inflammation and irritation of these conditions. Traditionally made by women in these countries, the process of making this unscented soap can take several days and has to be done just right for the maximum benefit.
What's it made of?
When you think of feeling fresh and clean, a brown or black bar of soap probably doesn't come to mind. Traditionally, African black soap gets its distinct color from the roasted skins of plantains as well as palm ashes. The ashes of cocoa pods and shea tree bark may also be used. These main ingredients are dried in the sun and then roasted in clay ovens. Additional ingredients include water, palm, palm kernel or coconut oil or shea butter to act as an emollient as well as herbs like rosemary and, more recently, salicylic acid to combat acne (found in versions produced in the United States and Europe).
When shopping for African black soap, try to find the most authentic version possible. A good rule of thumb: The fewer ingredients the better. Some soaps have been known to have added chemical and/artificial ingredients. If you can find one labeled as "raw," that's a safe bet for authenticity, quality and potency.
What Makes This Soap So Great
African black soap is a natural source of vitamins A and E. Vitamin A is particularly known to benefit skin by supporting collagen production and helping to keep skin firm and smooth. Vitamin A is also a common ingredient in acne treatments. Vitamin E also supports the tissue structure and helps to moisturize and improve texture and tone. The natural fats found in this soap help to nourish dry skin and allow it to better retain moisture. As a result, skin is more supple and glowing. The antioxidants from the vitamins help to prevent free radical damage which can lead to visible signs of aging.
This soap is great to use all over the body without clogging pores for a more healthful appearance. It's beneficial for all skin types, even sensitive skin. On the June 12 episode of "The Dr. Oz Show," a guest remarked that she wanted the dewy skin of her youth back. Dr. Mehmet Oz recommended using African black soap every few days on her entire body to help soften the skin for a more youthful glow.
Try swapping out your standard bar for African black soap for a month or so and see what happens. This uniquely colored cleanser could be your ticket to amazing skin.


text:
Then there's the weather. It's in the 90s in Yosemite. And the mosquitoes. All reports say hot weather and bad mosquitoes.
But then I see pictures of the Sierras and I am transported back there, and I re-experience my love for the area I am about to hike. Or, at least, attempt to hike.
I shipped off my re-supply boxes (and bucket) yesterday. Total cost: $50. All USPS Priority Mail. I'm told I got off easy on the price because I was mailing them within California.
Today I picked up my prescription for the next month and, while I was at it, dental floss. Then I got a 4 oz. bottle to put my herbal hippie (yet hopefully effective) mosquito repellent into, because it's currently in a huge 8 oz bottle. I think I still need to buy more dried fruit, and I might need more trail mix.
I deposited a few checks. I mailed off rent checks for both July and August a few days ago. I need to pay my car insurance but I'm not sure I have enough cash for that plus both rents. Today I went to court to pay a ticket, because the internet said I had to pay it there. Bit of drama there. The cop didn't include enough information when he put the ticket in, so it was deleted from the system a week ago, and I can't pay it until he fixes it. Only it's due four days after I leave. This is a problem.
Still to do: Get a windscreen for my stove (a turkey pan from the Dollar Store that I will cut up). Maybe get some batteries. And pants. My favorite pants are so worn out at this point (I've utterly worn them to death) that I just can't bring them on the trail. I had planned to bring them, but I wore them tonight and realized they were in very bad shape. They are torn, and just completely worn out, and it would be dumb to bring them as my only pair of pants on a 25 day hike. Thankfully, REI has an identical pair in stock, so I'll get those tomorrow.
I will leave the place where I'm staying on Friday, even though I will not go to Yosemite until Saturday. I think I'll make some hard boiled eggs and peanut butter sandwiches to bring with me, and I can get any last food I need on Friday. Just the dried fruit, I think. Friday I'm heading up to a friend's house that is every so slightly closer to Yosemite - but much closer to a train station. I'll leave my car at her place while I hike.
On Saturday, the train leaves at 7:56am. To get to Yosemite on public trans, I'll take the train to LAX, the bus to Bakersfield, and a train to Merced. In Merced, I pick up the YARTS bus to Yosemite's lodge, arriving after 8pm at night. It's going to suck. I'm bringing a cheap, used copy of The Last Season, which is apparently a book about Yosemite or something... it was recommended by other hikers. I figure I'll read it on the trains/buses and then hand it off to another hiker who wants a good read. And hopefully someone looking to off-load some weight from their pack will give me a book they've finished.
And... that's it. With luck, you won't hear from me again for a while because I'll be successfully hiking the JMT!
Previous JMT posts:
- Planning my Itinerary
- Getting My Permit
- Training for Mountains in a Flat State
- Gear
- JMT Training Hike and Gear Test 1: San Bernardino Peak
- JMT Training Hike 2: El Capitan Open Space Preserve
- JMT Training Hike 3: Noble Canyon, Bottom Up
- Food and Resupplies
- The Camera
- JMT Training Hike 4: Mt. Baldy
- New Training Plan


text:
Australia's former fast bowling coach, Craig McDermott, has claimed he can see no reason why left-arm fast bowlers Mitchell Starc and Mitchell Johnson cannot both play against Sri Lanka in the first Test in Hobart.
The general vision is that one of Johnson or Starc will sit out the series opener, but with Ben Hilfenhaus yet to rediscover the form of 12 months ago, selectors will seriously contemplate retaining both left-arm pace men.
"You can play two right-armers so why can't you play two left-armers? I don't understand the thinking of that," the Age quoted McDermott, as saying.
"If you had two gun left-handers it's the same as two gun right-handers. Nobody ever argues about having two right-handers in a team. If you had two Bruce Reids, why wouldn't you play two Bruce Reids?" he added.
In the 135-year history of Test cricket, Australia has fielded just four left-arm pace pairings - Gary Gilmour and Tony Dell, Chris Matthews and Bruce Reid, Alan Davidson and Ian Meckiff, and Mitchell Johnson and Doug Bollinger.
On the 31 occasions Australia has done so, it has won 19 times, with the Davidson-Meckiff and Johnson-Bollinger combinations responsible for 18 of them.
The strategy could deepen the footmarks for star Sri Lankan spinner Rangana Herath to aim at, though with only two right-handed batsmen in Australia's top seven, that danger is somewhat alleviated. (ANI)


text:
I found some blocks of wood laying around my messy studio,
and played with bits of collage, paint, pencil, charcoal
and anything else that was within reach.
If there is such a thing as 'blocks of wood' envy, I have it! ♥♥♥♥ReplyDelete
These are beautiful! I hope you have them on prominent display in your home.ReplyDelete
LOVE! You have some great pieces...Excellent work.ReplyDelete
Your work is beautiful Kim!ReplyDelete
Gorgeous and so evocative...!ReplyDelete


text: The CS1708A KVM allows access to 8directly connected computers, and through Daisy chain architecture as many as 256total servers may be controlled from a single keyboard, mouse and monitor. To simplify installation and to keep track of so many servers a custom ASIC (patent pending) provides an auto-sensing function that recognizes the position of each KVM station in the chain. A front panel USB port provides server access to USB devices such as Hard Drives, or CDROM s, eliminating the need to physically connect a storage device to a server to install patches or updates.