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Forensic dentistry
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Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology is the application of dental knowledge to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic dentists are involved in assisting investigative agencies to identify recovered human remains in addition to the identification of whole or fragmented bodies; forensic dentists may also be asked to assist in determining age, race, occupation, previous dental history and socioeconomic status of unidentified human beings.
Forensic dentistry is the proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence, which will be then presented in the interest of justice. The evidence that may be derived from teeth is the age (in children) and identification of the person to whom the teeth belong. This is done using dental records including radiographs, ante-mortem (prior to death) and post-mortem (after death) photographs and DNA. "Forensic odontology" is derived from Latin, meaning a forum or where legal matters are discussed.
The other type of evidence is that of bite marks, left on either the victim (by the attacker), the perpetrator (from the victim of an attack), or on an object found at the crime scene. Bite marks are often found on children who are abused.[citation needed]
Forensic dentists are responsible for six main areas of practice:
- Identification of found human remains
- Identification in mass fatalities
- Assessment of bite mark injuries
- Assessment of cases of abuse (such as child, spousal or elder abuse)
- Civil cases involving malpractice
- Age estimation
Postgraduate diploma programs for dentists are available at The University of Melbourne,[1] The University of Western Australia,[2] and The University of Adelaide.[3]
Following the closure of the MSc course at the University of Glamorgan, there is now only a single MSc course available in the UK. This is at the University of Dundee in Scotland, which currently has a very limited intake.[4]
There are two odontology training programs available in the US. One is a Fellowship program at The University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio Center Dental School, http://www.utforensic.org and the other is a master's degree program through the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, https://vetmed.tennessee.edu/research/Pages/FO.aspx
Forensic odontology is the study of dental applications in legal proceedings. The subject covers a wide variety of topics including individual identification, mass identification, and bite mark analysis. The study of odontology in a legal case can be a piece of incriminating evidence or an aspect of wide controversy.
There have been many cases throughout history which have made use of bite marks as evidence. Bite marks are usually seen in cases involving sexual assault, murder, and child abuse and can be a major factor in leading to a conviction. Biting is often a sign of the perpetrator seeking to degrade the victim while also achieving complete domination.[5]
Bite marks can be found anywhere on a body, particularly on soft, fleshy tissue such as the stomach or buttocks. In addition, bite marks can be found on objects present at the scene of a crime. Bite marks are commonly found on a suspect when a victim attempts to defend him/herself.
High-profile criminal cases[edit]
Forensic odontology has played a key role in famous criminal cases:
In 1692, during the Salem Witch Trials, Rev. George Burroughs was accused of witchcraft and conspiring with the Devil, with biting his victims supposedly being evidence of his crimes. His bite marks and the bite marks of other people were compared to the victim's marks. The judges readily accepted the bite marks as evidence and this was the first time in what would become the United States that bite marks were used as evidence to solve a crime. He was later convicted and hanged. About two decades later, he was exonerated by the State, and his children compensated for the wrongful execution.[6]
One of the first published accounts involving a conviction based on bite marks as evidence was the "Gorringe case", in 1948, in which pathologist Keith Simpson used bite marks on the breast of the victim to seal a murder conviction against Robert Gorringe for the murder of his wife Phyllis.[7] Another early case was Doyle v. State, which occurred in Texas in 1954. The bite mark in this case was on a piece of cheese found at the crime scene of a burglary. The defendant was later asked to bite another piece of cheese for comparison. A firearms examiner and a dentist evaluated the bite marks independently and both concluded that the marks were made by the same set of teeth. The conviction in this case set the stage for bite marks found on objects and skin to be used as evidence in future cases.[8] Another landmark case was People v. Marx, which occurred in California in 1975.[9] A woman was murdered by strangulation after being sexually assaulted. She was bitten several times on her nose. Walter Marx was identified as a suspect and dental impressions were made of his teeth. Impressions and photographs were also taken of the woman's injured nose. These samples along with other models and casts were evaluated using a variety of techniques, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional comparisons, and acetate overlays. Three experts testified that the bite marks on the woman's nose were indeed made by Marx and he was convicted of voluntary manslaughter.
- Fredrik Fasting Torgersen
- Wayne Boden – an early case of Forensic Dentistry
- State of Florida v. Ted Bundy
- State of New Jersey v. Jesse Timmendequas (Megan's Law case)
- People of California v. Marx, the 1975 case which established evidentiary standards for forensic odontology
- People of Arizona v. Ray Krone, bite mark evidence led to a wrongful conviction.
Four organizations are dedicated to the field of forensic odontology, in the USA. These organizations include: the Bureau of Legal Dentistry (BOLD), the American Board of Forensic Odontology (ABFO), American Society of Forensic Odontology (ASFO) and the International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology (IOFOS).Other countries have their own forensic Odontological societies, including the British Association for Forensic Odontology (BAFO) and the Australian Society of Forensic Odontology (AuSFO). In 1996, BOLD was created at the University of British Columbia to develop new technology and techniques in forensic odontology. The University of British Columbia program is the only one in North America that provides graduate training in forensic odontology.[10]
The Bureau of Legal Dentistry encourages the use of multiple dental impressions to create a "dental lineup", similar to a suspect lineup used to identify alleged perpetrators of crime. Currently, dental impressions collected as evidence are compared only to those collected from a given suspect, which may bias the resulting outcome. Using multiple dental impressions in a lineup may enable forensic odontologists to significantly decrease the current bias in matching bite marks to the teeth of a suspect.[8] The organization BOLD also supports the creation of a database of dental records, which could help in verifying dental uniqueness.[9] This database could be created using criminal records or possibly all dental patients.
In 1984, the ABFO began making an attempt to diminish the discrepancies and increase the validity of bite mark analysis by creating bite mark methodology guidelines. The guidelines attempt to establish standard terminology in describing bite marks and that reduces the risk of biased results. The ABFO also provides advice on how to effectively collect and preserve evidence. For example, they recommend that the collection of DNA evidence and detailed photographs of bites be taken together at the crime scene. The guidelines also outline how and what a forensic odontologist should record, such as the location, contours, shape, and size of a bite mark. They also provide a system of scoring to assess the degree to which a suspect's dental profile and bite mark match. According to the ABFO, the guidelines are not a mandate of methods to be used, but a list of generally accepted methods.[11] The guidelines are intended to prevent potentially useful evidence from being thrown out simply because the forensic odontologist's collection methods were not standardized. Kouble and Craig used a simplified version of the ABFO scoring guidelines in order to retain accuracy with a larger sample of comparisons. A numerical score was assigned to represent the degree of similarity between the bite mark and model/overlay. The higher the score, the greater the similarity. In order to simplify the model, some features that were individually scored in the ABFO guidelines such as arch size and shape were assessed together while certain distinctive features such as spacing between teeth were treated as a separate variable. The authors believe that a simplified version would increase the strength of the comparison process.[12] In an attempt to improve guidelines used to collect dental evidence, IOFOS developed one of the most recognized systems for the collection of forensic dental evidence[13][14]
In 2015, a group called Forensic Odontology for Human Rights was inaugurated in Lyon during the Interpol DVI[clarification needed] annual meeting.[15]
In 2016, an association of civil protection called Dental Team DVI Italia was founded in Bari, Italy, in order to offer pro bono services in the field of human identification and DVI Disaster Victim Identification to support Italian DVI teams.[16]
Bite mark analysis[edit]
Upon collection of dental evidence, the forensic odontologist analyzes and compares the bite marks. Studies have been performed in an attempt to find the simplest, most efficient, and most reliable way of analyzing bite marks.
Bites can occur on both the victim and the suspect; teeth are used as weapon by the aggressor and in self-defense by the victim. Although they are only a small portion of most forensic dentist's case load, bite marks represent the most challenging aspect of the discipline. In addition to the location of the bite mark the type of severity of the injury may give investigators clues as to the mental state of the offender. Bite marks may be found on the flesh of victims of a violent attack, particularly on the stomach or buttocks. Alternatively they may be found on the suspect, left by the victim during self-defense. Bite marks can be altered through stretching, movement, or change in environment after the bite. There is also no set standard by which to analyse and compare bite marks.
Factors that may affect the accuracy of bite mark identification include time-dependent changes of the bite mark on living bodies, effects of where the bite mark was found, damage on soft tissue, and similarities in dentition among individuals. Other factors include poor photography, impressions, or measurement of dentition characteristics.[17]
Most bite mark analysis studies use porcine skin (pigskin), because it is comparable to the skin of a human, and it is considered unethical to bite a human for study in the United States. Limitations to the bite mark studies include differences in properties of pigskin compared to human skin and the technique of using simulated pressures to create bite marks.[18] Although similar histologically, pigskin and human skin behave in dynamically different ways due to differences in elasticity.[12] Furthermore, postmortem bites on nonhuman skin, such as those used in the experiments of Martin-de-las Heras et al., display different patterns to those seen in antemortem bite injuries. In recognition of the limitations of their study, Kouble and Craig[18] suggest using a G-clamp on an articulator in future studies to standardize the amount of pressure used to produce experimental bite marks instead of applying manual pressure to models on pigskin.[12] Future research and technological developments may help reduce the occurrence of such limitations.
Kouble and Craig compared direct methods and indirect methods of bite mark analysis. In the past, the direct method compared a model of the suspect's teeth to a life-size photograph of the actual bite mark. In these experiments, direct comparisons were made between dental models and either photographs or "fingerprint powder lift-models." The "fingerprint powder lift" technique involves dusting the bitten skin with black fingerprint powder and using fingerprint tape to transfer the bite marks onto a sheet of acetate. Indirect methods involve the use of transparent overlays to record a suspect's biting edges. Transparent overlays are made by free-hand tracing the occlusal surfaces of a dental model onto an acetate sheet. When comparing the "fingerprint powder lift" technique against the photographs, the use of photographs resulted in higher scores determined by a modified version of the ABFO scoring guidelines. The use of transparent overlays is considered subjective and irreproducible because the tracing can be easily manipulated. On the other hand, photocopier-generated overlays where no tracing is used is considered to be the best method in matching the correct bite mark to the correct set of models without the use of computer imaging.[12]
While the photocopier-generated technique is sensitive, reliable, and inexpensive, new methods involving digital overlays have proven to be more accurate.[17][18] Two recent technological developments include the 2D polyline method and the painting method. Both methods use Adobe Photoshop. Use of the 2D polyline method entails drawing straight lines between two fixed points in the arch and between incisal edges to indicate the tooth width. Use of the painting method entails coating the incisal edges of a dental model with red glossy paint and then photographing the model. Adobe Photoshop is then used to make measurements on the image. A total of 13 variables were used in analysis. Identification for both methods were based on canine-to-canine distance (one variable), incisor width (four variables), and rotational angles of the incisors (eight variables). The 2D polyline method relies heavily on accurate measurements, while the painting method depends on precise overlaying of the images. Although both methods were reliable, the 2D polyline method gave efficient and more objective results.[17]
Criticism of bite mark analysis[edit]
Recently, the scientific foundation of forensic odontology, and especially bite mark comparison, has been called into question. A 1999 study by a member of the American Board of Forensic Odontology found a 63% rate of false identifications.[19] However, the study was based on an informal workshop during an ABFO meeting which many members did not consider a valid scientific setting.[20] In February 2016, the Texas Forensic Science Commission recommended that bite mark evidence not be used in criminal prosecutions until it had a more firm scientific basis.[21]
An investigative series by the Chicago Tribune entitled "Forensics under the Microscope" examined many forensic science disciplines to see if they truly deserve the air of infallibility that has come to surround them. The investigators concluded that bite mark comparison is always subjective and no standards for comparison have been accepted across the field. The journalists discovered that no rigorous experimentation has been conducted to determine error rates for bite mark comparison, a key part of the scientific method.[citation needed]
Critics of bite mark comparison cite the case of Ray Krone, an Arizona man convicted of murder on bite mark evidence left on a woman's breast. DNA evidence later implicated another man and Krone was released from prison.[22] Similarly, Roy Brown was convicted of murder due in part to bite-mark evidence, and freed after DNA testing of the saliva left in the bite wounds matched someone else.[19]
Although bite mark analysis has been used in legal proceedings since 1870, it remains a controversial topic due to a variety of factors. DeVore[23] and Barbenel and Evans[24] have shown that the accuracy of a bite mark on skin is limited at best. Skin is not a good medium for dental impressions; it is liable to have a number of irregularities present before the imprint that could cause distortion. Also, bite marks can be altered through stretching, movement or a changing environment during and after the actual bite. Furthermore, the level of distortion tends to increase after the bite mark was made. Both studies suggest that for the bite mark to be accurately analyzed, the body must be examined in exactly the same position it was in when the bite occurred, which can be a difficult if not an impossible task to accomplish.[25] Bite mark distortion can rarely be quantified. Therefore, bite marks found at the scene are often analyzed under the assumption that they have undergone minimal distortion.[9] Only limited research has been done in trying to quantify the level of distortion of a bite mark on human skin since the 1970s. The lack of research may largely be due to the fact that such studies are difficult to organize and are very expensive.[25]
Bite mark analysis is also controversial because dental profiles are subject to change. The loss of teeth or the alteration of arch configuration through a variety of procedures is common in human populations. The onset of oral diseases such as dental caries has been shown to alter the arch and tooth configuration and must be taken into account when comparing a dental profile to the bite mark after a significant amount of time has passed since the mark was made.[9]
While the methods behind collecting bite mark evidence at the scene are leading toward greater standardization, the methodology behind analyzing bite marks is extremely variable because it depends upon the preference of the specific odontologist. As discussed earlier, there are several methods used to compare bite marks ranging from life-sized photographs to computer enhanced three-dimensional imaging. These methods vary in precision and accuracy, and there is no set standard by which to compare or analyze them.[25] The lack of analytical standards leads to a wide array of interpretation with any bite mark evidence. Some odontologists even disagree on whether or not a mark on the body is the result of a bite.[9] Therefore, the interpretation of evidence lies largely on the expertise of the forensic odontologist handling the case.
One possible issue facing bite mark analysis is a lack of bite mark uniqueness in any given population. Bite mark analysis is based on the assumptions that the dental characteristics of anterior teeth involved in biting are unique amongst individuals, and this asserted uniqueness is transferred and recorded in the injury.[25] However, there is very little reliable research to support these assumptions. A study performed by MacFarlane et al.[26] supported the notion of dental uniqueness, but the study revolved around the visual assessment of a cast as opposed to the bite mark that could have been produced by the cast.[25] In another study conducted by Sognnaes et al., the group tried to find uniqueness between the dental profiles of identical twins in an attempt to prove dental uniqueness in the general population.[27] However, this study suffered from a small sample size (n=5), with the intent to extrapolate the data to the general population. They also used plaster of paris as the substrate to simulate skin, yet the two materials have very different properties.[25] In a review conducted by Strom, he references a study conducted by Berg and Schaidt which suggested that at least four to five teeth need to be present in the mark to ensure its uniqueness and make a positive identification.[28][29] However, this study was done long before many of the current evaluation methods, and this sheds doubt on how applicable these conclusions are today.
Rawson et al. determined that if five teeth marks can be matched to five teeth, it can be said with confidence that only one person could have caused the bite, and if eight teeth were matched to marks this would be a certainty. However, in this study the probabilities used to make this claim are based on the assumption that the position of each tooth was independent of all the others.[30][25] This is probably unrealistic because there are a number of ways that the dental profile can be changed. For example, braces apply force to specific teeth, in order to shift the placement of multiple teeth.
One particular case that highlighted the lack of uniqueness in bite marks involved two suspects accused of attacking a man who had sustained a bite mark injury.[31] Two separate forensic dentists, one representing the prosecution and one the defense, were brought in to analyze the mark. They reported conflicting results. One found the mark to come from suspect A and the other said it was from suspect B. This disagreement resulted from the fact that even though the two suspects had dental features making them unique, the bite mark itself was not detailed enough to reflect them. Therefore, the mark could have reasonably come from either of the men.[31] The equivocal outcome demonstrated in the case emphasizes the difficulty in proving uniqueness.
Most of the controversies facing bite mark analysis are due to the lack of empirical supporting evidence. When searching the entire MedLine database from 1960 to 1999, only 50 papers in English were found that related to bite mark analysis. Of these 50 papers, most of which were published in the 1980s, only 8% came from well designed experimentation providing empirical data. The lack of research has led to the continued use of a few outdated and limited studies to support the validity of bite mark analysis. This brings into question whether or not there is enough scientific support for bite mark analysis to be employed in court.[31]
There have been several instances when forensic dentists have made claims, accusations, and guarantees supported by bite mark evaluation that have been proven incorrect through other forensic sciences. DNA analysis has shed some light on the limitations of bite mark analysis because often the DNA from saliva surrounding the area of the bite mark proves to be a more reliable form of identification. In the case of Mississippi vs. Bourne, the DNA of a suspect excluded them from the crime after a dentist claimed the bite marks on the victim matched the defendant's teeth.[8] DNA sampling has been included as a task for a forensic odontologist. For a crime scene investigator, taking DNA samples is as common as taking pictures of the scene.[32] In the case of State vs. Krone, the defendant was sentenced to death, which was overturned. Then Krone was later reconvicted and given life in prison. Both convictions were based largely on bite mark evidence, but ten years later DNA evidence surfaced that identified the real killer and Krone was set free.[8]
Age estimation[edit]
Not only can the age of a human specimen be narrowed by evaluating the patterns of tooth eruption and tooth wear, recent studies provide evidence that cementum, the mineralized tissue that lines the surface of tooth roots, exhibits annual patterns of deposition.[33] Aggrawal has presented a comprehensive account.[34]
The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) has described dental x-rays to determine the age of asylum seekers as "imprecise" and "inappropriate".[35] According to Tim Cole, Professor of medical statistics at the Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, dental x-ray tests are "very inaccurate" in determining a precise age.[35]
See also[edit]
- ^ "Graduate Diploma in Forensic Odontology : Melbourne Dental School". Dent.unimelb.edu.au. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ^ "Graduate Diploma in Forensic Odontology: School of Dentistry: The University of Western Australia". Dentistry.uwa.edu.au. 2012-08-10. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ^ Graduate Diploma in Forensic Odontology. Adelaide.edu.au (2016-12-13). Retrieved on 2016-12-19.
- ^ Forensic Odontology MFOdont. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
- ^ Douglas, John E., Mark Olshaker (1995). Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-671-01375-2.
- ^ George Burroughs. Law2.umkc.edu. Retrieved on 2016-12-19.
- ^ Taylor, D. V. (1963). "The Law and the Dentist" (PDF). British Dental Journal. 114: 389–393. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-28.
- ^ a b c d Bowers, CM (2006). "Problem-based analysis of bitemark misidentifications: the role of DNA". Forensic Science International. 159 Suppl 1: S104–9. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.032. PMID 16600549.
- ^ a b c d e Dorion, Robert BJ. Bitemark Evidence. NY: Marcel Dekker, 2005. ISBN 0-8247-5414-X.
- ^ "Bureau of Legal Dentistry". boldlab.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ^ American Board of Forensic Odontology. Abfo.org. Retrieved on 2016-12-19.
- ^ a b c d Kouble RF, Craig GT (2004). "A comparison between direct and indirect methods available for human bite mark analysis". Journal of Forensic Science. 49 (1): 111–118. PMID 14979355.
- ^ "International Organization of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology Regulations (1987)". Web.archive.org. 2009-02-09. Archived from the original on 2009-02-09. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ^ Vermylen, Y. (2006). "Guidelines in Forensic Odontology: legal aspects". Forensic Science International. 159: S6–8. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.02.002. PMID 16563684.
- ^ "Home". www.dentify.me.
- ^ "Dental Team DVI Italia - Associazione di operatori tecnici delle scienze forensi esperti nella identificazione delle vittime di disastri (D.V.I. Disaster Victim Identification, D.V.I)". www.dentalteamdvi.it.
- ^ a b c Al-Talabani N, Al-Moussawy, ND, Baker FA, Mohammed HA (2006). "Digital analysis of experimental human bitemarks: application of two new methods". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 51 (6): 1372–5. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00265.x. PMID 17199623.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ a b c Martin-de las Heras S, Valenzuela A, Valverde AJ, Torres JC, Luna-del-Castillo JD (2007). "Effectiveness of comparison overlays generated with DentalPrint software in bite mark analysis". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 52 (1): 151–6. doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00321.x. PMID 17209928.
- ^ a b Santos, Fernanda (January 28, 2007) Evidence From Bite Marks, It Turns Out, Is Not So Elementary. New York Times.
- ^ McRoberts, Flynn (2004-10-19). "From the start, a faulty science". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
- ^ Commission Wants Restriction of Bite-Mark Evidence. The Texas Tribune (2016-02-12). Retrieved on 2016-12-19.
- ^ Bite-mark verdict faces new scrutiny. Chicago Tribune; November 29, 2004
- ^ DeVore DT (1971). "Bite Marks for identification? A preliminary report". Medicine, science, and the law. 11 (3): 144–5. doi:10.1177/002580247101100309. PMID 5136610.
- ^ Barbenel JC, Evans JH (1974). "Bite marks in skin – mechanical factors". Journal of the Forensic Science Society. 14 (3): 235–8. doi:10.1016/S0015-7368(74)70908-2. PMID 4443779.
- ^ a b c d e f g Pretty IA, Sweet D (2001). "The scientific basis for human bitemark analyses – a critical review". Science & Justice. 41 (2): 85–92. doi:10.1016/S1355-0306(01)71859-X. PMID 11393946.
- ^ MacFarlane TW, MacDonald DG, Sutherland DA (1974). "Statistical problems in dental identification". Journal – Forensic Science Society. 14 (3): 247–52. doi:10.1016/s0015-7368(74)70911-2. PMID 4613797.
- ^ Sognnaes, RF; Rawson, RD; Gratt, BM; Nguyen, NB (1982). "Computer comparison of bitemark patterns in identical twins". Journal of the American Dental Association. 105 (3): 449–451. PMID 6957451.
- ^ Strom F. (1963). "Investigation of Bite-Marks" (PDF). Journal of Dental Research. 42 (1Pt 2): 312–6. doi:10.1177/00220345630420013301. PMID 13978931.
- ^ Berg, S; Schaidt, G (1954). "Methodik und Beweiswert des Bissspurenvergleiches". Kriminalwiss. 8: 128–130.
- ^ Rawson R.; Ommen R.; Kinard G.; Johnson J.; Yfantis A. (1984). "Statistical evidence for the individuality of the human dentition". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 29 (1): 245–253. doi:10.1520/JFS11656J.
- ^ a b c Pretty, IA; Turnbull, MD (2001). "Lack of dental uniqueness between two bite mark suspects". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 46 (6): 1487–91. PMID 11714165.
- ^ Forensic Odontology explained. ITSGOV: CSI and Forensics Science
- ^ Renz, H; Radlanski, R (2006). "Incremental lines in root cementum of human teeth — A reliable age marker?". HOMO – Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 57: 29–50. doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2005.09.002.
- ^ Aggrawal, A (2009). "Estimation of age in the living: in matters civil and criminal" (PDF). J Anat. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01048.x. PMID 19470083.
- ^ a b "The truth about determining a refugee's age using dental checks". The Independent. 2016-10-19. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
External links[edit]
- The American Board of Forensic Odontology—a certifying body for North American and other forensic odontologists
- The American Society of Forensic Odontology—a society for all persons interested in forensic odontology
- The Australian Society of Forensic Odontology
- The British Association for Forensic Odontology
- The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP)—a military sponsored venue for education in forensic odontology (annual courses)
- Forensic dentistry online
- Structure Magazine no. 40, "RepliSet: High Resolution Impressions of the Teeth of Human Ancestors" by Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Assistant Professor of Biological Anthropology, The Ohio State University and John C. Mitchell, Assistant Professor of Biomaterials and Biomechanics School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University.
- Forensic Oral Pathology Journal—FOPJ
- "Practical aspects of DNA-based forensic studies in dentistry" by J Muruganandhan, G Sivakumar, Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 1, pages 38–45 (2011) (doi:10.4103/0975-1475.85295)


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Today's Gospel: Mark 1:40-45
This Gospel can be taken in several directions. As I sat thinking about today's Gospel, I stepped into the place of the leper. I do not think I would be able to contain my joy and happiness if Jesus stretched out his hand and touched me and made me clean. I know myself, and I know I would not be able to keep this secret to myself. The happiness I felt would be all across my face. I would not be able to keep it to myself when someone asked me why I am smiling or when that first person realized I no longer had leprosy! What joy! I would have to share what Jesus did to me. I would have to share Jesus' compassion towards me, especially when everyone else went out of his or her way to avoid me. My heart would be overflowing for the love of Christ, and I would go out and spread the word to every person who would listen to me and even those who would not!
Imagine a time in your life when the joy and love of Christ filled your heart and was overwhelming. Do you recall the feeling of happiness and peace that Christ offered you? Do you recall that uncontrollable desire to share the Good News with others? I can, and I am certain you can too. What if we took those feelings, held them closely to our hearts, and went out into the world sharing our love of Christ with as much zeal and happiness as in those moments when Christ reached out to us as he did the leaper? I imagine a better place because when I allow the Holy Spirit to fill my heart, soul, and mind, I become a better person (even if just for a moment.) Through sharing our love of Christ and the Good News we can make a difference in the lives of others, just as Christ did for the leper.
Dear Lord, please help me to hold on to the times you answered my prayers, to embrace that love and happiness I felt so I can go out into the world and share your love with others.
We thank our friends at The Word Among Us for providing our gospel reflection team with copies of Abide In My Word 2015: Mass Readings at Your Fingertips. To pray the daily gospels with this wonderful resource, visit The Word Among Us.
Copyright 2015 Lorrie Lane Dyer

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Reflections on the relationship between forms and media. Recent interest in the history of media presents new occasions for interdisciplinary thinking about form.
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Malibu Farm
Welcome to superfood Chef Helene Henderson's culinary world. Malibu Farm boasts simple farm-to-fork dining that is fresh, organic and locally sourced whenever possible. Nobu Hotel Miami Beach is the restaurant's newest outpost, directly overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. From the pea and pesto couscous, to the grass-fed beef sirloin with chili cherry tomatoes, the thoughtful menu invites guests to delight in the beauty around them. An extensive selection of wines and hand-crafted cocktails can be enjoyed at the long bar or within the spacious dining area.
We are delighted to welcome Chef Helene's next restaurant at our Nobu Hotel Los Cabos, debuting in 2018.


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oooh blu raspburreh plz!
Gunreal is a UT2004 mod, completely redoing UT2004's combat and game mechanics with its own weapons and pacing. It features: - 14 New Weapons - Weapon-Shopping - Dynamic Inventory Belt - Walk/Sprint Stamina - Dynamic Accuracy - Improved Player Size - New Blood & Gore - Hit Indicator - Grenades, Mines, and Deployable Teleporters
oooh blu raspburreh plz!
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March 5, 2009
Mortgage Foreclosure Complaints Nearly Triple; Credit Debt Complaints Reflect Tough Economy
Chicago—The effects of the deepening home foreclosure crisis and economic downturn dominated Attorney General Lisa Madigan's Top 10 Consumer Complaints for 2008. Joined by consumer advocates in recognition of "National Consumer Protection Week," the Attorney General today reported that 33,345 consumers filed complaints with her Consumer Protection Division last year. The consumer debt category, which includes mortgage foreclosure complaints, and identify theft ranked as the number one and two problems facing Illinois consumers.
"The growing number of consumers seeking help in dealing with debt, including their home mortgages, reflects the tough economic realities confronting Illinois families," Madigan said. "Now more than ever, Illinois consumers need to know that they can turn to my office for help if they're struggling, whether they are facing foreclosure, being harassed by abusive collection agencies, or feeling the pressure of overwhelming credit card debt."
Madigan was joined by Federal Trade Commission's Chicago Regional Director Steve Baker, Steve Bernas, President and CEO of the Better Business Bureau of Chicago and Northern Illinois, Tom Brady, Inspector in Charge for the U.S. Postal Inspection Service's Chicago Division, Sophia Lopez, Supervisor of the Consumer Fraud Unit for the Cook County State's Attorney's Office, and Norma Reyes, Commissioner of the City of Chicago's Department of Business Affairs and Consumer Protection. The theme for the 2009 National Consumer Protection Week is "Nuts and Bolts: Tools for Today's Economy," focusing on the resources available for consumers to make informed decisions in today's marketplace.
Consumer Debt Complaints Top List
Mortgage Foreclosure
During the first wave of the foreclosure crisis, the majority of the complaints the Attorney General's office received came from homeowners who had been placed in home loans that they couldn't afford in the first place. As the foreclosure crisis enters a second wave, Madigan said her office is receiving increasing calls from homeowners who can no longer make their mortgage payments because they've lost their job or experienced a reduction in income.
Another sign of the troubled times is the increase in complaints against mortgage rescue companies that prey on homeowners who are desperate to save their homes. In the most common form of the scam, these so-called rescue businesses charge homeowners a large up-front "consulting" fee to negotiate a loan modification with the lender, but actually do little or nothing to save the home, except waste the homeowners' money and time.
"Homeowners facing foreclosure should be extremely wary of 'consultants' who contact them promising to save their home," Madigan said. "These so-called rescue companies are most often just scam artists who are preying on desperate homeowners struggling to avoid foreclosure. I urge consumers to avoid 'rescue' offers and, instead, reach out to trusted sources for help."
Collection Agencies
Credit Card Companies
Identity Theft Category Ranks Second
Consumers brought most of these complaints to Madigan's office by contacting her Identity Theft Hotline (1-866-999-5630). Trained advocates and attorneys staff the hotline, working with consumers one-on-one to help them take the steps necessary to report the crime to local law enforcement and financial institutions, repair their credit and prevent future problems.
The Top 10 consumer complaints for 2008 are as follows:
For information on all consumer issues, consumers can visit Madigan's Web site at www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov or call one of the Consumer Fraud Hotlines or the Identity Theft Hotline at the numbers listed below.
Chicago Consumer Fraud Hotline: 1-800-386-5438
|© 2018 Illinois Attorney General
|Home • Privacy Policy • Contact Us


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Interact with CKUA's content from videos and photos to updates about upcoming programs and events.
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See what happens behind the microphone with photos of the staff, musicians and artists that visit with you on our shows.
Listen and download full episodes of Alberta Backstage, ArtBeat and Untapped along with interviews and performances.
Subscribe for the latest video messages from CKUA.
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Listen to CKUA anywhere you want to go, on your IOS, Android, Windows or Blackberry device.


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ISO 9001:2015 Consultants in AlgeriaISO 9001:2015 Certification in Algeria
Quality management is the highly effective and most significant task for all the organizations because it helps the organizations to maintain the quality of the products and to offer best services to the customers. To offers best services to the customers, the organizations need to follow highly standardized principles.
ISO 9001:2015 Certification in Algeria is one such standardized method which is utilized by the organizations all over the world to maintain and implement the policies of quality management system in the organization. The standard certification not only helps to retain the quality of the existing products but also helps to enhance the quality of the managements system. ISO 9001:2015 is a highly effective and standardized agenda that helps to maintain highly effective management system in the organization to ensure the quality of the products and services.
Why ISO 9001:2015 certification in Algeria is required?
The ISO 9001:2015 Certification in Algeria can be utilized in any type of organization whether it is small or large. The policies and rules of the standard are applicable for all the organization irrespective of the company location, nature of business, employee�s strength, etc.The standard ISO 9001:2015 Accreditation in Algeriaprovides a common approach for the companies to manage the quality of the products and services easily and consistently and to fulfill the requirements of the customers as well. Moreover, the standard also helps in enhancing the efficiency of the organization by providing a proper training session for all the employees so that they can collectively work together for the benefit and growth of the organization.
How to get ISO 9001:2015 certification in Algeria?
The ISO 9001:2015 Certification in Algeriais actually not provided by the ISO, it was provided by the certifying bodies of the ISI and duly approved by the ISO. The companies who have applied for the ISO 9001:2015 Certification in Algeriaget the certification from these certifying bodies.After getting the certification, the companies need to implement certain principles in their premises to fulfill all the ISO 9001:2015 Certification requirements in Algeria. Some of the major principles are Algeriad below:
After getting the certification, the company needs to follow all the procedures carefully in order to offer best services to the customers.
If you are looking for best ISO 9001: 2015 certification in Algeria, Regalcert is the best option for you. So, what are you waiting for? Visit us and avail best ISO 9001:2015 consultancy in Algeria by the best ISO 9001: 2015 consultants at very affordable ISO 9001: 2015 certification cost in Algeria.
ISO 9001:2015 Consultants by Cityalgeria
ISO 9001:2015 Consultants by State
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We chose the name Akeman Press because we felt it reflected our interest in history. Akemancester was a Saxon name for Bath. In its turn, that probably derived from the Roman name of Aquae Sulis. That led us on to choosing Minerva's Head as our logo, as she is the goddess of wisdom – and our aim is to make people wiser about their history.
Some people think that the head is actually of Apollo, the sun god, and if so, that is appropriate too, for we want to cast light on some lesser known aspects of the past.
For all the latest news on what we are up to – release dates of new books, future plans and general comments on what we are doing – go to our Facebook page by clicking on the FB logo on the Home page.


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Denmark based Jacob Hansen has been producing, mixing and mastering albums in his own studio since 2001.
He has gained enormous success in the hard rock and metal world due to very consistent and great, modern sounding productions.
feel free to contact me firstname.lastname@example.com
— Full production
— Mixing
— Mastering
Digital editing (PQ, ISRC coding, CDText etc) – part of the mastering process
This is included in mastering. Files are delivered as pro DDP file format, and/or single dithered WAV files.
- accommodation in a nearby house is possible. This is included in the price for larger sessions.
Please contact us
for prices and additional information
The success of the albums he worked on and his natural ear for the sound is taking his name among the best producers worldwide.


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5 Bedded With Attached Bathrooms, 2 T.v Lounges, Drawing Room, Kitchen, Study Room, Terrace, Servant Quarter With Attached Bathroom And Spacious Car Parking. Situated In Secured Serene Environment. "AARZ.PK...DON'T FIND YOU A HOUSE…I FIND YOU A HOME! Newly constructed and completely unique house in the most desirable area of city. It is conveniently located near transportation, shopping, schools etc. A large open concept living room/dining room makes it perfect for entertainment. There are beautiful hardwood/marble floors throughout. The kitchen and all rooms are flooded with natural light. It is a beautiful house to live with your family where you can provide more comfortable and luxurious life to your family. Please visit AARZ.PK for more details. "
Read More...
Muhammad Imtiaz Siddiqui
Business Name:
Property Address:
Askari, Karachi, Sindh
Office Address:
|Property ID: 124137
|Type: Home
|Status: Sell


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photo credit: Imagia
wedding decor: Floral Couture
As the orders pace has already slowed down and because we are slowly shaping our strategy for 2014 , in the near future we will focus on posting on this blog , too...
We want to keep in touch with this year work and maybe you can peek what we are preparing prepare for next year , who knows ....:)
This year has been a fruitful year, with new established collaborations both locally , in Suceava county, and outside the region : new open minded partners, with refined and elegant tastes.
Below, is a wedding that Floral Couture organised for Adriana , a young bride established in France, for whom we created a wedding stationery set (money envelopes / place cards) menus and table numbers, all in warm shades of pink and light salmon hues. We even made a guest book , but we have no pictures yet ... we will show you when we have them !
As a warning: we had this year some wedding couples with great tastes, who gave us enough freedom for the act of creation to be original and productive, so we were totally pleased with the results.


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What if Hugh Jackman hadn't played Wolverine? Would that have been the darkest timeline? 2000's initial X-Men film was not the first attempt to get that franchise off the ground, and as a result many actors where considered over the years for the role of Logan. When the project was in development in 1989, Wolverine writer Chris Claremont wanted Bob Hoskins for the role. Keanu Reeves, Viggo Mortensen, and Dougray Scott were all considered for the 2000 iteration. And in the late '90s, Russell Crowe basically had the job.
Crowe was reportedly a front-runner for the part, but turned down the role for reasons he gave on Nova's Fizty and Wippa radio show, reports News.Com:
"Bryan [Singer, X-Men director] was a friend at the time and he was really putting the pressure on… If you remember, Maximus has a wolf at the centre of his cuirass, and he has a wolf as his companion … which I thought was going to be a bigger deal [at the time]. So I said no, because I didn't want to be 'wolfy', like 'Mr Wolf'.â€
Though the X-Men films have their ups and downs, Hugh Jackman always delivered a great Wolverine, and Logan is simply one of the best comic book films, so I wouldn't change the course of history for a chance at Crowe's Wolverine. That being said, Crowe was a really strong choice. Fear of typecasting can really drive an actor to pass up some very profitable and iconic roles, as this is not the first instance of such a decision from an A-List actor. I do fear that if Crowe had accepted the role, his higher level of fame at the time, combined with his love of Oscar-fare, would have resulted in fewer appearances of the mutant or an earlier recast.
I say we throw away the time machine and stick to the timeline we got! Keanu Reeves certainly would have been the darkest timeline.
Do you think Russell Crowe would have made a good Wolverine? Who would you cast today? Fox may need your help… Let us know in the comments below!
Don't forget to share this post on your Facebook wall and with your Twitter followers! Just hit the buttons on the top of this page.
SOURCE: Nova's Fizty and Wippa via News.Com


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Rodrigo Terpins share a lot in common with his father, Jack Terpins, besides being a successful businessman is also passionate about the sport.While Rodrigo Terpins ventures along the rally tracks in various competitions around Brazil, and Jack Terpins – also known as Jackao – dedicated himself to basketball in his youth.
Jack Terpins played basketball in the 60s and 70s, for Hebraica. The current real estate investor, the father not only of Rodrigo Terpins but also of Michel Terpins, defended early on the interests of young people who practiced the sport and became a community leader of the institution at that time. In addition to successful entrepreneurs, both have a passion for some type of sport.
Rodrigo Terpins's father, Rodrigo Terpins, was Sports Director for President of Hebrew in 1991. He has also held several positions as a volunteer: he has served as president of the Latin American Jewish Council, president of the Maccabi Latin American Confederation and vice president of the Maccabi World Union . For more details visit Crunchbase.
The 22nd edition of the Sertões Rally started with everything, in July. The competitors left Goiânia, with about 155km of timed sections requiring a lot of skill and caution. The pair of Rodrigo Terpins completed the test with just over 2 hours, finishing the day in 7th place in the category Prototypes T1.
In each of these roles, Jack Terpins has always had total commitment, passion, and dedication, these characteristics, similar to those of his son Rodrigo Terpins, when it comes to his rally competitions. "We had several types of terrain on the first day, a lot of dirt and it was a demanding race, but no scares, everything was normal." The car behaved well, we did overtake, but I did not want to force the suspension much, I preferred to have a little more caution and adapt to the equipment, "said Rodrigo Terpins, driver of the # 326 car.
The failure of the pair of Michel Terpins had a plausible justification: the car in which the pilot and his navigator were, topped at the time KM 62. Both were not injured. However, the car was not able to continue the race. Jack Terpins is an iconic figure in society and a big name in Hebrew. Undoubtedly, one of the greatest community references in the Jewish world.


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Seattle Seahawks head coach Pete Carroll announced that Matt Flynn will be the starting quarterback for their first preseason game later this week, per John Boyle.
Flynn is expected to play the entire first half, so it will certainly be a benchmark for his progression in the team's offense. Rookie QB Russell Wilson with then take over in the second-half, which seems to suggest that Tarvaris Jackson is likely coming to an end sooner than later. This is with a doubt one of the most interesting storylines of the preseason.


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to any of our real estate professionals,
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beyond your expectations. We've provided
all the tools you'll need to find and
purchase your dream home. Everything is
just a click or a phone call away.
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Use this search to find your dream home.
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When I was little I used to ask Mum to make me apple sauce – all the time. I loved it. I'm assuming that love for stewed apples is what drove me to start baking copious amounts of apple crumble, courtesy of Delia Smith's One is Fun. My favourite cookbook for a very long time. When dessert was requested for a family roast dinner, at short notice, this little piece of nostalgia came to mind. Fuss-free, easy to whip up and very forgiving (I'll admit I may not have stuck 100% to what's written here) apple crumble and custard it was.
Normally I can't get enough of spices but in this dessert it's not necessary to go overboard. The cinnamon is all you need to bring out the flavours of the fruit. Although I added a couple of cloves for a little depth, they're not essential. The beauty of crumble is in its simplicity but I just couldn't resist a twist on the topping. I ground up some almonds and a handful of oats to throw into the crumble. Nothing too exciting, it was mostly to add bulk and stop it being too sandy.
- 6 red apples (Braeburn, Jazz, Jonagold – whatever is in your fridge)
- 2 granny smith apples
- 1 tbsp brown sugar
- 1 ½ tsp cinnamon
- Cloves (a couple whole)
- 100ml water
- Handful sultanas
- Squeeze of lemon
*Most recipes say to use cooking apples but I just used what was in the fridge. Apples like Bramely sort of melt as they cook whereas Braeburn's hold their shape. The sultanas I added for some natural sweetness and because they're nice juicy little gems to come across amongst the apples. *
Preheat the oven to 180C
Peel, core and chop the apples roughly into cubes.
Tip into a pan along with the spices and sugar, pour the water over and allow to stew over a medium heat.
Squeeze in some lemon juice – I hate sickly sweet fruit and red apples are much sweeter than green so it just added some tang.
Leave the fruit to stew for 15 minutes or so until it's soft and slightly golden.
Meanwhile mix together your crumble topping:
- 150g butter
- 200g flour
- 50g oats
- 50g almonds
- 100g brown sugar
Whizz the almonds and oats in a food processor – briefly, you want them to add texture to the topping so not too fine.
Rub together with the sugar, butter and flour.
You should have a sandy-ish texture with lumps and bumps here and there. Squeeze some of the mix together to make slightly bigger chunks if you like.
Once the fruit has stewed tip it into a casserole dish and sprinkle the crumble mix generously over the top.
Bake at 40 – 50 minutes, or until golden.
Allow to cool for 5-10 minutes so the topping gets a slight crunch, serve with custard or cream.
By the end of dinner we were all wed fed and very much satisfied, myself perhaps a little bit too much. I just love those apples.


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-Awarded numerous patents
-1986-2016 Broker/owner of American Brokers Realty Group
-2016-Present Century 21 Selling Paradise
-Licensed Real Estate Broker in both Illinois & Florida
-Graduate of the Real Estate Institute (GRI)
-Past-President of ...
-Chicago ERA Broker Counsel
-Five different Home Owners Associations
-Local Lions Club
-Past Commander of local U.S. Power Squadron
-Licensed Florida security officer
-Private pilot since 1966
-U.S. Coast Guard 100 ton Master Captain's License
Dick Hughes - Selling SW Florida
Thank you so much for your attention and effort in selling our property. We know and appreciate the extra effort you put in to this. You have been a true professional to work with and we will highly recommend you to others.by Jeff & Jill D.
Great job for all you have done for us during the purchase of our beautiful property in Southwest Florida. Your dedication and concern has meant the world to us.by Lori & Jim
We appreciate you promoting our property and getting it sold in record time. We certainly made the right choice selecting you as our Real Estate Expert!!by Ken & Milana
To those seeking a patient, hardworking and dedicated Real Estate Agent in the Southwest Florida area, look no further than Dick Hughes. We came to Southwest Florida from Colorado seeking a retirement home in the Fort Myers area. After being turned away by several realtors, we came upon Dick Hughes who was very enthusiastic and prepared to undertake our search. We surfed the internet, he provided many listings. The continuous contacts by telephone, email and texting produced many online showings. With a list of places to see upon our return from Colorado, we found our dream home.by Carey & Carolyn W.
I just want to say thank-you from the bottom on my heart for all the tireless work you put in finding a condo for my Mother. Starting with all the research on availability and location which was extremely important to both my Mother and myself, to the patience you had with the showings and getting all our questions answered! We couldn't have done it without you! Thank you, thank you, thank you!!! I will be referring you to buyers and sellers alike. They will be lucky to get you as their realtor.by L. & Patricia D.
Your service was amazing!!! Helping us find our perfect Vacation Home in Southwest Florida. Thanks to your guidance and knowledge, we now own a beautiful vacation dream home.by Dwayne & Chris H.
I am always amazed at your experience and knowledge of the Real Estate business!!by Mark T.
We had two properties to sell, one of which was very difficult. Your hard work and dedication made it a simple process.by Marilyn B.
Your knowledge of the community and of our home in particular was quite impressive. I can't believe how quickly our home sold.by Bonnie F.
Thank you for finding us a Great Investment Property. We could count on you to answer all our concerns in a very professional and compassionate manner, which is why we have trusted you to rent and manage for us. Thanks Dick!!!by Dianko & Karla T.


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National Evangelism Day
Every year there is a day people think it is normal to talk to strangers. They are actually people who live right across the street and are suppose to be called neighbors but I digress. This is the day that kids come to your home asking you to give them something. I call it Tract or Treating! After you give them their fair share of sugar, pop in a tract so that they can hear the Gospel!
You can even do reverse Tract or Treating and have your kids give a tract to every neighbor!!! They don't even have to dress up! Well, they have to wear cloths… unless they are being Adam or….. never mind. Here are a few tracts that we carry in the Creation Store that you still have time to get before Halloween… AKA.. Evangelism Day!
We want to thank the team at Living Waters for their continued brilliance in producing these resources.
Hey Hovind, I am NOT religious…
BTW: If you're not religious don't worry, we sell Atheist Tracts as well!


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How a Contractor "foched" up
An interesting and enjoyable story about a contractor who...well, "foched" up.
I enjoy the benefits of being a contractor as opposed to an employee. There are obvious reasons and then there are the personal reasons.
If you are a contractor, you are brought in to work on an assignment to the best of your ability and get the job done within the alloted time and budget with your technology knowledge.
Alex Papadimoulis at The Daily WTF shares a humorous story about a contractor who is placed at a company and, well..."foched" up.
Hope you enjoy it.


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As a Java developer, you may have felt the lack of closures as a horrible pain. Fortunately, Java's 8th version introduced lambda functions, which is great news for coders; however, in Android development, we are still forced to use Java 7.
Guess what? The waiting is over. Our fellow Esko Luontola has found a workaround for using lambda expressions when coding Android apps! How does it work? Well, according to his Readme:
Just as there was Retroweaver et al. for running Java 5 code with generics on Java 1.4, Retrolambda lets you run Java 8 code with lambda expressions and method references on Java 7 or lower. It does this by transforming your Java 8 compiled bytecode so that it can run on a Java 7 runtime.
In this post, I will show you how to set up this fantastic tool, in only two easy steps, using Android Studio and Gradle.
Install JAVA 8 SDK
Firstly, you need to set up the JAVA 8 JDK on your machine. Download the appropriate version for yours.
Once done (downloaded and installed), open Android Studio. Navigate to File > Project structure. There, change the JDK location to the path where you have freshly installed Java 8. For my part, using a Mac (Yosemite 10.10.2), it is:
Using a Linux machine, it should be:
Finally, using Windows:
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_31.jdk\
In nonstandard installations, it's the java folder that contains the
bin folder.
Set up Gradle
Nice! You're almost done with configuration. The last step is to edit Gradle's configuration. We are going to use the Retrolambda plugin from Evan Tatarka, for allowing lambda expression support.
First, open
build.gradle from your application. Change the
compileOptions node (nested in
android one) to the following:
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
Then, at the bottom of the same file, append this code:
buildscript {
repositories {
dependencies {
classpath 'me.tatarka:gradle-retrolambda:2.5.0'
repositories {
apply plugin: 'me.tatarka.retrolambda'
That's all folks! Try to build your project, everything should be fine.
Release the lambdas!
Now you can remove your ugly anonymous inner classes and replace with elegant lambdas like this:
myButton.setOnClickListener((button) -> {
this.hasBeenClicked = true;
Keep in mind Retrolambda only allows lambda expression support. Other features from Java 8 are not available for Android development.


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- I need a new song for my alarm on my phone. Right now, it's the Rocky Theme Song, and that doesn't get me out of bed swinging like I thought it would. Any suggestions?
- I've been lousy at meal planning lately. I apologized to John for feeding him taquitos last night. He laughed at me and said it's probably the 3rd time I haven't cooked something real. So, I guess I should just get over it! :-)
- My surgery for my ulcer still isn't scheduled. I am hoping to hear from them soon. I'll give the surgeon's office a call on Monday if I haven't heard from them by then.
- My baby puppy is now 58 lbs. My aging chihuahua is tipping the scales at 9 lbs. Who do you think rules the roost? LOL
- I REALLY miss coffee. It was my vice. But my vice at the very least contributed to ulcer pain. This is sad.
- I noticed that gasoline is hitting $3.00 again.. Ugh!
- I'm SO glad that tomorrow is Friday.
- I get to leave at 3:30 today - wahoo! I have a big Scentsy order coming in tonight so I will have time to sort it out and get it ready for my customers. :-)
- My sister and my youngest nephew are coming into town for the weekend. My nephew has a soccer tourney this weekend, right down the street from us. I'm looking forward to some family time.
- There is A LOT of tension at work, between two of my good friends. I am trying very hard not to get involved.. AHHH!!
- I am craving Vietnamese food in a major way!!
- I made my first batch of homemade pasta since getting my pasta roller/cutter attachments for my Kitchenaid Mixer.... it was alright, but I definitely need to tweak it a bit.
- I desperately need to go clothes shopping. I have noticed that 75-80% of my clothing has been handed down to me during my weight loss process. I am ready for clothes that are 100% me. I love a lot of the clothes I have received, but I am ready for a few new pieces. :-)
A little look into my life.. Finding myself after having gastric bypass surgery, and the ups and downs along the way.
About Gastric Girl
- Laurie (TheSafestScents.com)
- Tomball, TX, United States
- My name is Laurie. I'm 34 and I live in a suburb of Houston, TX. My life isn't super exciting or ultra dramatic, but I love it! My blogs are just a peek into my life as I know it. I'm quite random and have an opinion on everything, but I love everyone's aspect on things, even if I disagree. The world would be quite boring if not! :-)
Thursday 13: Randomness
Happy Thursday! I haven't done a Thursday 13 in ages and I've missed it. I don't have very composed thoughts right now (do I ever?!), so I figured I'd get a jump start with getting some of my random thoughts out in a lovely list form:
4 comments:
- Janet said...
lol at the chihuahua! And I can relate to tension between friends. Welcome back!
- January 20, 2011 at 1:37 PM
- Donna said...
Depending on what you're looking for, ispiration or a kick in the buttocks; Top Gun's Anthem or Bon Jovi, "Have a nice Day"
- January 20, 2011 at 1:40 PM
- Kimbre said...
I totally forgot about TT! Now that I have gone public again, I can play!
Gas here is already over 3.00. I paid 3.09 two days and some places were as high as 3.15. Makes me about half sick.
Hope you get your date soon!
- January 21, 2011 at 10:46 AM
- Bringing Pretty Back said...
Go get new clothes that are YOU!!!! You deserve it!
hmm, I will think on the song.
I have been planning my meals for the last few weeks, makes life so much easier!
Have a pretty day!
- January 26, 2011 at 7:24 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Bollywood actress Rani Mukerji welcomed her first baby into the world today.
She gave birth to a baby girl, whom she and hubby Aditya Chopra named Adira.
Adira seems to be a mix of Aditya and Rani … Bahut cute!
This morning Uday Chopra broke the news to the world on Twitter and many other Bollywood stars followed in congratulating the happy new parents.
Uday tweeted: "IT'S A GIRL!!!!!"
And Karan Johar followed with a tweet as well: "Am an uncle to a beautiful baby girl today!!!!! @udaychopra !!! Rani and Adi had a baby girl!!"
Parineeti Chopra also tweeted: "ITS A GIRL !!!! So so excited baby Adira is born !! #Adi #Rani"
As for the proud mommy, Rani released a statement saying: "I would like to thank all my well-wishers and fans. Today life has given us God's greatest gift with Adira. We thank fans, our friends, and well-wishers for their unconditional support and blessings. With joy we begin this new chapter in our lives."
Congratulations to Rani and Adi … May your little bundle of joy bring more love and happiness into your lives.
– Rani Mukerji Marries Aditya Chopra


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Current Issue
Designed by
Church News
Thursday, January 10, 2013
Lightning Strikes concert series
The Lightning Strikes concert series, at The Lighthouse Church located at 27225 Kaye Rd., just off Rt. 9, County Seat Highway at Dukes Lumber Road, Laurel, is held every second and fourth Saturday of the month. There is a $4 donation at the door and ages 12 and under are free. For more information, go to
or call 875-7814 or 841-0567.
Writing group
Kingdom Writers Fellowship (KWF), a Christian group of aspiring writers, is welcoming new members. If you enjoy writing, desire to improve your writing and would like the encouragement and support of a small group, consider joining KWF. Meetings are held the second Tuesday night of each month at Grace Baptist Church, Atlanta Road, Seaford. Call 628-4594 for more information.
Awana Clubs at Alliance Church
Awana Clubs are being held at Atlanta Road Alliance Church on Wednesday evenings from 6:45 to 8:25 p.m. for children in kindergarten through sixth grade. Sparks (K-second grade) ignites the curiosity of early elementary kids to learn about the people and events of the Bible, building a foundation of wisdom for knowing Christ. Call 629-5600 for more information or to obtain a registration form. Atlanta Road Alliance Church is located at 22625 Atlanta Rd., Seaford.
Cannon Homecoming Service
The Cannon United Methodist Church will hold a homecoming service on Sunday, January 13th at 2 p.m. Special music will be provided by Thom & Debbie Slaugher, a 9/11 survivor with an inspirational story and message. Rev. Martha Callaway will be leading the service joined by Pastor Rich Evans of St. John's Methodist Church of Seaford. A time of fellowship will follow the service. Call Beth Barczak at 302-249-6236 for more details.
Open Mike Christian Night
Open Mike Christian Night will be held the first and third Friday of the month from 7 to 9 p.m., at The Lighthouse Church, located at 27225 Kaye Rd., just off Rt. 9, County Seat Highway at Dukes Lumber Road.
Admission is free and there will be free snacks. Perishable food donation welcome. Bring your singing talents - CD or musical instrument. For information and scheduling, call Dean at 875-2115 or visit our new Facebook page "Open Mike Christian Night."
St. Luke's newsletter
St. Luke's Episcopal Church offers its newsletter online and also via email. Luke's Letter is published quarterly and is available on:
. You can also join our email list by sending a request to
. St. Luke's service of Holy Eucharist is Sunday at 9 a.m. For more info, call St. Luke's office at 629-7979. Cornerstone Shoppe The Cornerstone Shoppe (a fundraiser) is now open at Christ the Cornerstone Community Church, corner of Bethel and Seaford Rd, Laurel. On sale are collectibles, gifts, toys and more, jewelry, furniture, and items too numerous to list. Stop in on Thursday from noon to 7 p.m., Friday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m., or Saturday 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. to see bargains galore.
Food for thought
They replied, "Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved--you and your household." - Acts 16:31 (NIV) 'Fit & Fun Fellowship' The Seaford Wesleyan Women meet once a week for a night of "Fit & Fun Fellowship." All ladies are welcome to join us as we exercise our bodies and refresh our spirits. There is no charge to attend. For more information, call 629-9859.
'Free Lunch and Clothing'
The Seaford Wesleyan Church will sponsor a "Free Lunch and Clothing" at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Seaford on Saturday, Jan. 12 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Everyone is welcome.
Support for these pages
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I got paired up with the fantastic Esther from Esther Norine Designs. She one SWEET woman and is very caring. She's also absolutely gorgeous! I requested something that dealt with the fact that Cody and I are having our first Christmas together for real or something red because I like red. Well, Esther did AMAZING at choosing something out!!
She got me a new home ornament that's red!! How perfect is that?? I cannot wait to put it on our brand new tree in our brand new house. It's going to look so beautiful!
But not only did she get me an ornament, she also knitted a scarf for me! I love the colors and I actually wore it for the first time the other night out in the cold. It's beautiful and warm and just perfect.
Esther, you did an AMAZING job at picking out an ornament for me. The scarf was an added bonus! Thank you so, so much for everything and I am so happy I was paired up with you. You're an amazing woman and I cannot thank you enough!
Have a good day, y'all!


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English Teacher (KS3-4)
- Recruiter
- Location
- Wolverhampton
- Salary
- £22467 - £38250 per annum
- Posted
- 23 Mar 2017
- Closing date
- 22 Apr 2017
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- John Byrne
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- Schools, Secondary teaching, English
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School: Secondary School, Wolverhampton
Job title: Teacher of English
Start date: September 2017
Salary: MPS - UPS
I am representing a Secondary School in Wolverhampton who are looking for an English Teacher to join their team. This faith school is an inclusive secondary school serving Wolverhampton and its surrounding areas. They welcome learners from all socio-economic, cultural and religious backgrounds.
They are committed to providing a high quality educational experience, in an environment that provides all learners with the skills and qualifications they need to pursue their personal goals and aspirations. At the school, children receive a well-rounded education with access to learning opportunities that will be life changing. An innovative curriculum, combined with highly motivated teachers and, an unwavering commitment to the best standards of education makes this a fantastic school to work in. The school opened to pupils in 2015 and is growing year on year. The school boasts state of the art facilities including a new sports hall and playing fields.
You must have QTS for England to apply for this position. The position is open to all qualified teachers, including NQTs.
The school would prefer you to have a relevant degree in English, but with a relevant PGCE subject specialism or experience teaching physics or chemistry, you will be considered.
The school is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare and safety of young people. The successful candidate will be subject to an enhanced criminal records check (DBS).
For more information please contact John Byrne at Capita Education Resourcing on 0207 202 0031


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This new, comfortable and spacious villa is located opposite the delightful Arenal d'en Castell beach and affords magnificent views to the picturesque bay from its ample terrace. The excellent two-storey property comprises four bedrooms, three bathrooms (one en suite), large lounge/dining room with American kitchen and access to a lovely terrace with sea views. High quality and with air conditioning, the property is accessed via two streets and boasts a charming garden and terrace area with swimming pool. A wonderful property, perfect for enjoying fabulous holidays.
Availability upon agreement. This material is based upon information, which we consider reliable, but because third parties have supplied it, we cannot represent that it is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied upon as such. This offering is subject to errors, omissions, and change of price or withdrawal without notice. Taxes, notary and register fees must be paid by purchaser, the commission by the seller as stipulated by Spanish regulations.


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|David Williams - Maui 2001
Hello. My name is David Williams. I live on Maui, Hawai'i. I've beenpracticing yoga since my senior year in college at the University ofNorth Carolina, in 1971. I'm 52 years old and I've had uninterruptedyoga practice for 31 years now. People say I'm disciplined; I tell themit's not really discipline, I'm just fascinated to see what will happenwith me if I do yoga practice in my life.
When I was in college, I heard about the yogis in India who got older and wiser. I looked around North Carolina and I didn't see anybody getting older and wiser. I was fascinated by this.
I was out at a farm and I saw a friend of mine standing on his head and putting his legs in Lotus and I asked him what he was doing. He said he was doing yoga. I thought I was in pretty good shape, but I knew I couldn't do any of this and I asked him if he would teach me. He said, "Yes," and that was the beginning. The more I got into it, the more fascinated I got and I decided I should go to India and find a yoga master.
Looking back now, I realize I went like a detective looking for the greatest yogi. Wherever I went, I asked people, took yoga classes. My searches took me all over India and in the spring of 1972, I was in Pondicherry, India, at Swami Gitananda's Ananda Ashram. That's where I met Manju, the son of Pattabhi Jois. Norman Allen and I were friends and we met Manju and his friend, Basaraju, who were traveling around India giving yoga demonstrations at different ashrams.
We saw them do first series and I knew this is what I was looking for. I intuitively knew this was the next thing for me to learn. I asked Manju how he knew this and he said his father was a yoga master who lived in Mysore and this was what he taught.
My visa was about to expire, so I left India and saved enough money to return. Norman was just entering India, so he immediately went up to Mysore and started learning the yoga from Guruji Pattabhi Jois. Just as he was finishing up his first session I returned to India and I came up to Mysore and I started learning. I was with Nancy Gilgoff and we stayed in Mysore for four months. I learned first series, second series, and half of third series, plus the pranayama. I felt very fortunate because prior to us Guruji had never taught any foreigners since Indra Devi in 1930's and so he gave us a lot of attention. We were practicing twice a day plus doing the pranayama and I was trying to learn it all as fast as I could.
At the time Guruji spoke very little English. So, the way I would learn was I would come early and watch somebody else doing the practice and memorize the postures that were ahead of me. I set a discipline of trying to learn eight postures a day and this is how I managed to learn the first two and half of the third series at this time.
When my visa expired I came back to America and went to Encinitas, California, where I began teaching yoga. After I had been there for a little while I got a letter from Guruji saying that he would like to come to America. I decided that I would help him get here and I would save $10 a week until I could bring him. I was all excited about the letter and I went and told my yoga class that he had notified me. They said, "Don't wait on that, let's get the money together right now and send for him."So, the next day, low and behold, they had gathered $3000 and we sent for Guruji to come to California.
Initially, we thought he was going to bring his wife, Ama, but as it turned out, Manju, his son came with him and helped him teach. His getting a visa got delayed, as it has over the years at different times, and it was seven months before he finally arrived in Encinitas. By that time we had become a group of 35 people and we were working on the series every day and getting ready for his arrival.
Guruji and Manju came and stayed with Nancy and I and Terry Jenkins for four months and we had daily yoga practice in Encinitas. After that period of time ended, I wanted to leave California and go on to Hawai'i and discover Paradise. Manju wanted to stay in America, so it was perfect timing. He took over all my classes in California and I came to Hawai'i. I thought I was coming just for two weeks to check it out. I've been here ever since, twenty-six years, and taught yoga at many different locations and met thousands of people who I've been able to share this yoga with.
Guy: Can you describe your first meeting with Guruji?
My first meeting with Guruji was in 1973. I arrived in Mysore by train and got a hotel room. The next morning I got a rickshaw driver who told me that he knew where to take me. I was with Nancy Gilgoff. We got into the rickshaw and he took us to the home of an astrologer, who did live in the neighborhood where Guruji lived. It was the wrong address, but the astrologer knew who Pattabhi Jois was and he sent the rickshaw driver to the right place.
We got to Guruji's house and he wasn't at home; he was still down at the Ayurvedic College, but was expected back in a while. Fortunately that day a fellow named Coconut Raju was there for Yoga class. He spoke good English and decided to stick around to be our translator. We made friends with him and have been friends ever since.
Guruji came in a few hours later and said, "How did you find me?" I said, "Well, I met Manju and saw his demonstration of the first series and I'm a friend of Norman Allen who has been here and I want to learn the Yoga as well. I practice every day; I'm really fascinated by it. As a matter of fact, I've even taught a few people. So, this was my idea to get accepted. I said, "I think you should teach me, so that I don't return to America and teach people wrong." Guruji thought about it a little and he said, "OK, stay in your hotel for three days and in that amount of time I'll be able to find you a place to stay near by and you can start daily practice." So, indeed, that's what happened. He found us a little apartment right around the corner from his house and we moved in there and stayed for the next four months.
Guy: What was your first impression of Guruji?
I thought he had a really nice smile. He was very intense with his focus and concentration, but I liked his smile. He was a very healthy looking guy. At the time he was 59 years old. He had great skin. He was a really radiant person and I knew whatever he was doing, I wanted to do it.
Guy: How would you describe Guruji's teaching in those days as a young man?
Well, younger than now; he was 59. One would come to class and there was eight positions for people to do their practice. Each person would come in and start doing their practice. I came at 6:00 AM and 6:00 PM and I would do my practice. I worked up to where I was doing about two hours and a half each time. We were doing half vinyasas and then after the practice in the morning, we would rest a little and then come back at ten thirty and do the pranayama. I was totally fascinated by it. I wanted to learn it and put all of my energy and attention into that. For the next six years, until I had completed learning the entire system that he teaches, I put all of my energy into that and then after that, I continued to be able to have a mastery of it and it's been my fascination now for thirty one years.
Guy: I've often heard Guruji say he teaches real or original Ashtanga Yoga. What is your experience with Guruji as a teacher - a true teacher of yoga?
As I understood it, this series can be chanted move by move, breath by breath in Sanskrit. It's an exact formula that goes back thousands of years and has been time tested to be the most efficient way that one can get themselves fit in the amount of time they put into it each day.
My experience after practicing more and more years is the realization of the perfection of the orders of the postures. I say now that it's like a combination lock. If you do the numbers in order, the lock will open. If you just do any numbers nothing happens. I feel this is the way with yoga practice. If you do the yoga practice in a certain order your body and your mind open up. If you just do random yoga like is taught in so many places, it's much less efficient. So, the greater amount of times I practice, the more I appreciate the order of the series and when I teach people I try to teach them exactly the way I was taught and not try to modernize it in any way.
The other thing I found is that after ten years, one is starting to get a bit of a grip with the mulabandha. After twenty years, I realized this was the real strength of yoga. Now that it has been more than thirty years, more than ever I realize the real strength of the yoga is in what's invisible. I tell people, what's invisible is what's important. The breathing and mulabandha; the name and the form, namarupa, is maya; it's an illusion. And the people who give too much emphasis to the name and form miss the real importance which is the mulabandha and the breathing, the invisible internal practice.
Guy: Yes, I would say that there is a real obsession with the asanas, the number of asanas, the series and so on, progressing through it.
How would you say Guruji really focuses in on the invisible aspect- how does he teach the invisible aspect - even beyond the mulabandha and breathing? – The spiritual aspects of the yoga… How does he… how does this practice contain those things would you say?
Well, from the beginning he told us that the yoga was 95% practice, 5% theory. If you do the practice, all will be revealed and to me, that's the spiritual part of having the revelations by first getting the body in a fit enough position where it won't interrupt you, so you can get into a state of meditation. The word 'yoga' and 'meditation' are synonyms. I, more and more over the years, work to make my yoga practice a moving meditation and then at the end of my practice, when I get up and walk away, I continue that meditation into my life, all day long, so I consider the practice to be a foundation of a twenty-four hour a day meditation.
Guy: Were there many Indian students in the yoga shala when you started practicing?
When I started practicing, other than Nancy Gilgoff and I, it was all Indian students. At that time about 90 to 100 people were coming each day. They would start at 4 AM and go until about 10 AM, then again start in the afternoon at about 4 PM and go to 9 or 9:30. After several weeks a fellow from England, John McGeoch, came. He became the third non-Indian and that was it.
Guy: Did you ever see Guruji practicing?
No, I'd always hoped to, but it never happened. My greatest wish, maybe, was that I could have practiced with him at one time. I asked Saraswati why he didn't practice and she told me he had had a bicycle wreck and after that had discontinued his practice and never recontinued. When I asked him myself, he told me that he was putting all of his energy in teaching us and not into his own practice and working on his legacy that way. As I was the student and he was the guru, it was not for me to question at that time. For my first twelve years with Guruji, I tried to put all questions aside and just surrender to the Guru and do as I was told.
Guy: Were Manju and Ramesh teaching with Guruji at that time?
No, only Ramesh was helping. Manju was traveling around India with Basaraju, but was not teaching in Mysore.
Guy: Can you say something about Ramesh
Ramesh was my best friend in Mysore, other than Nancy Gilgoff. He taught me quite a bit at the time. He spoke very good English and so he could explain things to me, answer my questions, lead me around the market, introduce me to Mysore. We spent a lot of time together. He was fascinated being with us, I think, because he had not met any Americans previously, other than Norman and his family. We were great friends and, like I said, in the classes I liked his help very much and I liked Ramesh very much.
Guy: We described this practice as being an ancient practice which precedes Guruji and which will live beyond (his) lifetime - what do you see as Guruji's role in this
Well, I'd say with Nancy and myself introducing Guruji to America, the three of us, plus Norman, when he was in America, began the spread of Ashtanga to all of the world. At the beginning, Guruji just taught a limited number of brahmins in Mysore. After he started teaching us it went world wide, which was Guruji's wish and I think it made him very happy to see that this happened.
I believe more people outside of India now are practicing Yoga than inside of India.
Guy: Why do you think that is?
A lot of people in India didn't have the leisure time to do it, for one thing. A huge amount of the population works for enough food to feed themselves and their family that day and they are working from dawn to dark. Also, at least with this system of yoga, it was only taught to brahmins up 'til we sort of released it to the rest of the world and prior to, say, the 1960's, yoga was kept pretty much a secret. The guru taught the disciple and there was a lineage and, before mass communication, one person would learn one yoga system in their life, if they got introduced to Yoga. Now all of that has been blown wide open with mass communication and videos and all of that.
Guy: What kind of role did Ama play in Guruji's life?
Ama played a very strong role in Guruji's life. She always had a smile. She was really friendly with all of us; it was a joy to see her. I always loved eating her cooking when she would feed us. Sometimes we went on picnics and those were the best meals that I remember in India. She was really a fine nice person. She wanted to relate to us and as quickly as possible she started learning English, once the foreigners started coming. She ended up learning to communicate pretty well, but even before she knew English, she was very intelligent and figured out how to communicate from the beginning and everybody loved Ama.
Guy: Would you care to share some final thoughts?
My final thoughts that I would like to share is that everything that I was looking for at that time in my life, I got from Guruji. I went to India searching for the best possible yoga practice and I found his system and started learning it with diligence. Since then I have still continued my search of the world for the greatest fitness program; I ask everybody that I meet, "Have you found a better yoga system than this?" I still haven't found anything better than Guruji's ashtanga yoga practice. If somebody said to me, "OK, you have fifteen minutes or one hour. Do something good for yourself; you can have all the equipment, no equipment, barbells, bicycles, whatever..."
I would get down on the floor and start doing my Salutations to the Sun and start going through the first series. I am entirely indebted to Guruji for all of the hundreds of hours that he put into teaching me the ashtanga yoga.
David's website http://www.ashtangayogi.com
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Thanks, I'll look him up more thoroughly
We're so bad, we're even bad at it
Pruned off the posts about Tankie and his future misadventures and moved them here :-)
Tankie's Visit(?) To Russia
Far better it is to dare mighty things, than to take rank with those poor, timid spirits who know neither victory nor defeat ~ Theodore Roosevelt
Gulen and Erbodan are both non-secular and in fact used to be pretty close allies before they broke up, leading Gulen into exile in the U.S.
But all in all, Gulens are pretty pacifist (just based on readings in the past few years).
Just because Gulen is islamist doesn't mean he is crazy or bent to turn the world upside down.
Gulen favors a secular government that is tolerant of religion, but he is fairly mainstream. He is a Hanafi Sunni but he appears to be trying to modernize it to be more tolerant of other beliefs and better able to co-exist in a modern world with other religious and non-religious actors. This is why he's so welcome in the U.S. As far as whether he has any ulterior motives who knows? Or maybe who doesn't is the better question. They seem pretty reasonable but I do get a little bit of a sense of something odd about the movement, like Scientologists or Jehova's....nothing rational or factual that I can put a finger on, just a feeling.
There was interesting article i read about when it all went colour from black & white. Some time in '87 some pol in the US shot himself at a press confrerence. Prior to that incident the choice of colour or not was left to staff after it became the norm.
Last edited by Double Edge; 03 Jan 17, at 20:45.
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Euler Hermes and MAPFRE announce joint venture's brand name: "Solunion"
Euler Hermes and MAPFRE announce joint venture's brand name: "Solunion"
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Euler Hermes and MAPFRE today announced "Solunion" as the brand name of their new
credit insurance
joint venture in Spain and four Latin American countries. Solunion, owned 50/50 by the two partners, is to launch operations at the beginning of 2013 in Spain and Argentina. Chile, Colombia and Mexico will follow soon after, subject to local regulatory approvals.
Naming Solunion represents a major milestone in the largest strategic growth project we have undertaken in recent years
," said
Wilfried Verstraete
, chairman of the Euler Hermes management board. "
Solunion will support our customers' goal of safe and profitable growth, and further increase our service qua
lity and trade risk cover in these key markets
Solunion is an ambitious and firm commitment to the companies which have placed their trust in us for many years. It will have a privileged leadership position stemming from the soundness of both partners, which will clearly benefit our customers,
" comments Antonio Huertas, chairman and CEO of MAPFRE.
The name "Solunion" represents a company that is solutions-focused and believes in the importance of working together closely with its customers. Solunion's purple logo merges the corporate colors of Euler Hermes (blue) and MAPFRE (red). The logo represents two insurance groups joining forces to offer business security to their customers. The logo is accompanied by the tagline "Experts in Credit Insurance", reflecting Solunion's shareholders' strengths: risk expertise, service quality and global presence.
From early 2013, Solunion will offer trade credit management solutions to companies of all sizes. The joint venture will combine the global
credit insurance
leadership and credit risk underwriting expertise of Euler Hermes with MAPFRE´s recognized position and wide distribution network in the five target markets.
As agreed by both shareholders Fernando Pérez Serrabona, currently managing director of MAPFRE Caución y Crédito, will become chief executive officer of Solunion. At the local level, there will be four CEOs: Pascal Personne will be responsible for Spain, Juan Antonio Garcia Serrano for Argentina and Chile, Alejandro Miguel Santamaria for Colombia and Jörg-Uwe Lerch for Mexico.
Currently, Pascal Personne is director of market management commercial and distribution at Euler Hermes for the Mediterranean countries-Middle East and Africa region. Juan Antonio García Serrano is technical chief of the Northern Region at MAPFRE Caución y Crédito. Alejandro Miguel Santamaría Caicedo holds the position of CEO of Crediseguro the Colombian subsidiary of MAPFRE Caución y Crédito, and Joerg-Uwe Lerch is currently CEO for Latin America at Euler Hermes.
For further information, please contact:
Euler Hermes Group Media Relations (Paris):
Bettina Sattler Phone +33 (0)1 8411 6141
Euler Hermes Crédito (Madrid)
Eva Muñoz Phone +34 91 417 80 11
MAPFRE Corporate Communications (Madrid)
Susana Díaz
Phone + 34 91 581 81 96 + 34 91 581 87 14
Fax 91 581 83 82
Second text
Solunion: Euler Hermes - MAPFRE joint venture - Press release
Euler Hermes and MAPFRE announce joint venture's brand name: "Solunion"


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If I'm being honesty, I have to admit that initially, because I am an Elle Varner fan, I wanted to throw a little shade at Teyana and Iman's relationship. But then I had to check myself, like who the hell am I to judge. And also being Teyana and Iman looked super cute and genuinely in love on social media! So I became a fan. I loved their chemistry on IG, but had NO CLUE they could make beautiful music together!
In the seven minute production "Promise", the couple shares some intimate moments with their audience. Iman via lyrics such as "I wanna marry your smile/I wanna spoil your style/I wanna sleep with your dreams/and the father the child. And Teyana as she bares your pregnant nude silhouette to the world. The future Shumperts' ended the video with a snippet of Iman's proposal at a recent baby shower for the couple.
I really am feeling this video. Check it out below!!!
"Promsied" Iman Shumpert Ft Teyana Taylor


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GLAAD Media Awards :Mariah Carey insists carpet be cleared before taking photographs
Mariah Carey and Robert De Niro were honored Saturday night at the 27th Annual GLAAD Media Awards at the Waldorf Astoria but only one of them insisted on the carpet being completely cleared of any other celebrities before they posed for photographers.
Mariah Carey required that no one be on the carpet when she made her grand entrance after arriving an hour late to the event.
Once there, she briefly posed with her fiancé, Aussie businessman James Packer, and told reporters that she's already selected her wedding dress but won't be warbling at her own nuptials because "that's obnoxious."
Jennifer Lawrence was the surprise guest who introduced De Niro before he was presented with the Excellence in Media Award. His "Joy" co-star revealed that the two have drinks once a week at the Greenwich Hotel, "where I ask him advice on everything" and where "he gets drunk and pinches my cheek and says, 'You remind me of my little Helen, who's 4.' "