text:
Many colleges and universities learned that lesson the hard way. Impressed with the potential of the Internet to reach worldwide audiences and feeling the pressure from peer institutions that already had a news presence online, they invested substantial resources—but not enough time and thought—in building their media Web sites.
These hastily constructed sites failed to create media magic because they met the needs of the institution or its news service office—not those of reporters and editors. This was a mistake we at the University at Buffalo were determined not to make in 1996 when we began work on a site for journalists.
Surveying the field
UB staff members in the Office of News Services and the Electronic Media Unit discovered just how media-unfriendly institutional news sites can be when we visited and critiqued several dozen higher-education sites as part of a benchmarking project. Most of our news-service editors had previously worked as journalists, so we asked them to think like reporters and editors when they visited the sites.
You want journalists who come to your site to feel it was worth their time. You want them to come back, as well as encourage their colleagues to visit. Many of the sites we assessed failed the media-friendliness test in one way or more. News was hard to find in some cases, stale in others. Some sites were difficult to navigate—visitors could easily get lost.
Words to live by
Determined to learn from the mistakes of others, we set out to create a custom-designed site for reporters, www.buffalo.edu/news. The following guidelines that we developed will serve others well.
Make sure the site is easy to navigate. Most journalists have less experience using the Web than your average campus public information officer. For this reason, make sure you offer multiple ways—such as search functions, navigation bars, and featured headlines—to find the same information.
Design the site with download time in mind. Again, most journalists are using slower modems and computers than we on campuses are. Ensure your site is media-friendly by testing it on a computer with slow download time and viewing it on different platforms. The total byte size of a page, including graphics, should not exceed 1MB; 60K is a reasonable goal. Hint: Using the identical element on multiple pages means the user has to download it only once.
Place timely, important news up front. Don't make reporters click through several screens before they find your news. That's what they are visiting for. The UB page opens with our top national stories up front with prominent links to our other news areas.
Build on opportunity. When reporters come to your site for one story, offer related ones that may interest them. UB 's site loads associated items based on the prevalence of flagged words in the story's summary and automatically notes in the margin when related news releases are available.
Organize your content for different media audiences. At UB, we separate all news items into two major categories: "National News," which includes our most recent major stories; and "Campus News," which contains headlines about events, honors, and other items usually of interest to only the local and campus news media. We also feature news by two topic areas, "Medicine/Health" and "Technology."
Update mercilessly. We limit the stories in the national news section to about 10. Every time we post a new story, that action eliminates the oldest item, which in some cases may be only a week old. Campus news stories stay up for a maximum of 30 days, or until the day after an event when they are event-based.
Keep descriptions brief but meaty. Reporters don't have the time to read each news item in full, but you should give them more than a headline to size up a story. The UB site provides a headline along with a one- or two-sentence summary of each news item plus a hyperlink to the full-text press release should a journalist want all of the details.
Date everything. Make sure each news item carries the date you posted it so that reporters know how old it is.
Provide contact information. Make it easy for a reporter to follow up on a news release by including the name, phone number, and hyperlinked e-mail address for the appropriate contact person in your office. If an article highlights a professor, include his phone number or hyperlinked e-mail address whenever possible.
Provide search functions. Your site takes on added research value if you have a keyword-searchable news archive. Search results on the UB site not only highlight the keyword in red but also provide a relevance score based on how frequently the word appears.
On our site, reporters also may search for news by using a pull-down menu of 16 topics ranging from architecture to technology.
Include bells and whistles. Whenever possible, accompany news items with downloadable, high-resolution color images. Such images--and audio and video files, if available--help sell a story and increase the likelihood of a news outlet picking it up. Even if the reporter can't access these files through her own computer, she can point her designer to your site. Make sure to provide any visual or audio files in multiple resolutions and formats.
Make experts handy. Use your site to provide immediate access to your faculty members and their expertise. Our "UB Experts" section is keyword searchable. Searches produce a synopsis of faculty members and their expertise, as well as a hyperlinked list of news releases in which they or their work have been cited.
Provide services. Make your site proactive by letting journalists sign up to receive e-mail news releases. The UB site allows them to subscribe to releases in 24 interest areas, ranging from arts and humanities to engineering to women's issues. The database ensures that only one copy of each news release is sent to each journalist, even if its content applies to multiple interest areas. The service sends the news release at the same time we post the story to the Web site.
If you build your media Web site properly using these tips, journalists will come--again and again.
Rebecca Bernstein is director of electronic media and Arthur Page is director of news services at the University at Buffalo.
This article is from the July/August 2000 issue of CURRENTS Online.


text: UFDC Home | Help | RSS TABLE OF CONTENTS HIDE Front Cover Copyright Abstract Table of Contents Acknowledgement Subgenus coelocentrum Fischer and... Subgenus Ptychodonta Bartsch1 Subgenus crossostephanus Dall Back Cover Group Title: Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History Title: Land snails of the genus Coelocentrum from northeastern Mexico CITATION THUMBNAILS PAGE IMAGE ZOOMABLE Full Citation STANDARD VIEW MARC VIEW Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00095790/00001 Material Information Title: Land snails of the genus Coelocentrum from northeastern Mexico Series Title: Bulletin - Florida Museum of Natural History ; volume 36, number 5 Physical Description: p. 141-173 : ill., map ; 23 cm. Language: English Creator: Thompson, Fred G. ( Fred Gilbert ), 1934-Correa, AlfonsoFlorida Museum of Natural History Publisher: University of Florida Place of Publication: Gainesville, Fla. Publication Date: 1994 Copyright Date: 1994 Subjects Subject: Snails -- Classification -- Mexico ( lcsh ) Genre: bibliography ( marcgt )government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent) ( marcgt )non-fiction ( marcgt ) Spatial Coverage: Mexico Notes Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (p. 164). General Note: Cover title. General Note: Abstract in English and Spanish. General Note: "Publication date: February 17, 1994"--P. 2 of cover. Statement of Responsibility: Fred G. Thompson and Alfonso Correa. Record Information Bibliographic ID: UF00095790 Volume ID: VID00001 Source Institution: University of Florida Holding Location: University of Florida Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location. Resource Identifier: oclc - 29887325 Table of Contents Front Cover Page 139 Copyright Page 140 Abstract Page 141 Table of Contents Page 142 Acknowledgement Page 143 Subgenus coelocentrum Fischer and Crosse Page 144 Page 145 Page 146 Subgenus Ptychodonta Bartsch1 Page 147 Page 148 Page 149 Page 150 Page 151 Page 152 Subgenus crossostephanus Dall Page 153 Page 154 Page 155 Page 156 Page 157 Page 158 Page 159 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 163 Page 164 Page 165 Page 166 Page 167 Page 168 Page 169 Page 170 Page 171 Page 172 Page 173 Page 174 Back Cover Page 175 Full Text rI,.-TB of the FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LAND SNAILS OF THE GENUS COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Fred G. Thompson and Alfonso Correa Biological Sciences, Volume 36, Number 5, pp. 141-173 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, are published at irregular intervals. Volumes contain about 300 pages and are not necessarily completed in any one calendar year. F. WAYNE KING, EDITOR RHODA J. BRYANT, MANAGING EDITOR Communications concerning purchase or exchange of the publications and all manuscripts should be addressed to: Managing Editor, Bulletin; Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-2035; U.S.A. This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $1455.40 OR $1.212 per copy. It makes available to libraries, scholars, and all interested persons the results of researches in the natural sciences, emphasizing the circum-Caribbean region. ISSN: 0071-6154 CODEN: BF 5BA5 Publication date: February 17, 1994 Price: $1.30 LAND SNAILS OF THE GENUS COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Fred G. Thompson' and Alfonso Correa2 ABSTRACT Eleven species of Coelocentrum (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA, Urocoptidae) are recorded from northeastern Mexico. Species recognition is most compatible with the evolutionary species concept Three subgenera occur in the area (Coelocentrum s. s., Ptychodonta and Crossostephanus). The latter two subgenera are redefined; Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) palmer Dall and Bartsch, 1908 is described; C. hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909 is transferred from Coelocentrum s. s. to Crossostephanus and is figured for the first time. The following new species are described: Coelocentrum (s. s.) penion, new species; Coelocentrum (Ptychodonta) telescopium, new species; Coelocentrum (Ptychodonta) brachyacron, new species; Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) affinis, new species, Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) priosculpta, new species; Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) paucinoda, new species, and Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) torosum, new species. Key Words.- Biodiversity, speciation, M6xico, Hidalgo, Quer6taro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, landsnail, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Urocoptidae, Coelocentrum. RESUME En el noreste de M6xico se registran once species de Coelocentrum (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA, Urocoptidae). El reconocimiento de estas species es mas compatible con el concept evolutivo de species. En el area existen tres subg6neros (Coelocentrum s. s., Ptychodonta and Crossostephanus), de los cuales los dos iltimos subg6neros son redefinidos: Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) palmeri Dall and Bartsch, 1908 es descrita; C. hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909 es descrita y dibujada por primer vez y tranferida de Coelocentrum s. s. a Crossostephanus. Las siguientes nuevas species son descritas: Coelocentrum (s. s.) penion, especie nueva; Coelocentrum (Ptychodonta) telescopium, especie nueva; Coelocentrum (Ptychodonta) brachyacron, especie nueva; Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) affinis, especie nueva; Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) priosculpta, especie nueva; I Florida Musem of Natural Histoy. University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, GainesviBe FL 32611-7800, U.SA 2 Insituto Tecnol6gico de Ciudad Victoria, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas Mexico. Thompson, F.G., and A. Correa. 1994. Land snails of the genus Coelocentrum from northeastern M6xico. Bull. Florida Mus. Nat Hist., Biol. Sci. 36(5):141-173. 142 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) paucinoda, especie nueva, y Coelocentrum (Crossostephanus) torosum, especie nueva. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 142 Acknow ledgm ents ........................................................................ .......................................................... 143 M methods ................................................................. .... ..... .................................................................... 143 Subgenus Coelocentrum iCIjner a a crosse ........................................ oe ocen rum pe on, new spec es...................................................................................................... Subgenus Ptychodonta Ba tschl ............................................................................................................... Coelocentrum astrophorea (D all).................................................................................................... Coelocentrum telescopium new species ............................................................................................. Coelocentrum brachyacron, new species................................... ............................................... Coelocentrum endolophus Pils ry.................................................. .............................................. Subgenus Crossostephanus D all...................................................... .................................................. Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry..................................................... ................................................. Coelocentrum aff inis, new species................................................... ............................................. Coelocentrum priosculpta, new species ............................................................ ........................... Coelocentrum paucinoda, new species..................................................................... Coelocentrum torosum new species................................................. ............................................ Coelocentrum palm eri D a l and Bartsch............................................ .......................................... Literature Cited ...................................................................................... ............................................. INTRODUCTION Recent field work in northeastern Mexico reveals a rich radiation of urocoptoid land snails of the genus Coelocentrum. The area discussed in this study includes portions of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Quer6taro and Hidalgo along the eastern fringe of the Sierra Madre Oriental (Fig. 1). This area contains numerous limestone mountain ranges with complex climatic patterns and vegetation zones that provide a myriad of diverse and isolated habitats. These conditions are favorable for speciation among organisms, such as Coelocentrum, that are obligate inhabitants of calcareous terrains and have very limited vagility. Supraspecific diversity is greater in this area of M6xico than what we have encountered elsewhere throughout the range of the genus. The area represents the northern extent of Coelocentrum s. s. and it contains two locally endemic subgenera, Ptychodonta and Crossostephanus. Our results are an under-measure of the THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MlXICO 143 species diversity in this area. Surely many additional species will be discovered with further exploration. Coelocentrum species generally occur in colonies that are isolated by seemingly minor, but real, ecological or physiographic barriers. Such isolation has resulted in the evolution of numerous forms that have differentiated to varying degrees, depending on the extent to which they have been genetically independent from their nearest ally. Both the biological species concept (BSC) and the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) are difficult to apply to patterns of speciation such as occurs in Coelocentrum (Frost and Hillis, 1990). Both are testable only when related biparental forms occur in sympatry and reproductive isolation can be demonstrated. In the absence of sympathy they yield subjective and indecisive classifications. The only case we have encountered of sympatry in Coelocentrum involves species belonging to different subgenera. These are a new species described below of the subgenus Coelocentrum and C. (Crossostephanus) palmeri. We have collected Coelocentrum from numerous other localities in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, and all of these involve monotypic allopatry. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to thank Steven P. Christman and Charlotte M. Porter (both of the Florida Museum of Natural History), who have assisted us in the field. The following individuals loaned us specimens in their care: Riidiger Bieler (Field Museum of Natural History); Robert Hershler (U. S. National Museum of Natural History). The distribution map of Coelocentrum in northeastern Mexico (Fig. 1) was prepared by Anne V. Stokes. Photographs, including scanning electron micro graphs (SEM's) were prepared by Elizabeth L. H. Raiser. Judy L. Donley and Mary Lou Lyman assisted with the final preparation of the text. M. C. Juan R. Trevino Higuera (Director, Consejo Tamaulipeco de Ciencia y Tecnologia (COTACYT) and Ing. Tomas Garza Wong (Director, Instituto Technologico de Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas) provided economic support for the second author's participation in this project. We are grateful to all of these persons for their assistance. METHODS Taxonomic treatment of organisms that are allopatric and very restricted ecologically, such as Coelocentrum, is most compatible with the evolutionary species concept (ESC) as discussed by Frost and Hillis (1990). We have chosen to recognize as species those forms that are (1) morphologically distinct, (2) that have had an independent evolutionary history because of geographic and physiographic 144 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) isolation, and (3) that can be predicted to have an independent evolutionary trajectory because of physiographic barriers that preclude reestablished genetic contact with closely related taxa. The evolutionary species concept invokes some degree of subjectivity regarding the recognition of species based on the above criteria. The other concepts are more burdensome and yield interpretations that are equally or more subjective. Earlier descriptions of decollate land snails sometimes are difficult to interpret because of ambiguity about what characterized the length and number of whorls in the adult shell. Some descriptions include all of the remaining whorls above the apical plug (Dall, 1908). The point at which the apical plug develops shows relatively little variation within a given species and it is an important parameter of the adult shell morphology. Most specimens also retain vestiges of the juvenile shell above the plug. The vestiges may be small fragments of the previous whorl, or they may be several complete whorls. Occasional adults retain the entire embryonic and juvenile shell, even though an apical plug is formed at an appropriate lower whorl. Unqualified measurements and counts of such shells provide data that erroneously represents a given species. Measurements used in this study were determined as follow. The number of whorls includes only those from the upper end of apical plug to the aperture. The length of the shell is measured from the top of the apical plug to the base of the aperture. Portions of the juvenile shell that remained above the plug were removed to take this measurement. The width of the shell is the width of the spire and excludes the neck and aperture. Data on embryonic and juvenile shell morphology are useful for showing species relationships. The embryonic shell and subsequent juvenile shell are conservative in size, rates of growth and sculpture. Species with similar embryonic and juvenile shells may differ strikingly as adults (Crossostephanus). Conversely, differences in juvenile shell characteristics may be highly significant for distinguishing species (Ptychodonta). Genus Coelocentrum Fischer and Crosse, 1872 Subgenus Coelocentrum s. s. TYPE SPECIES: Cylindrella turris Pfeiffer, 1856. The typical subgenus, Coelocentrum s. s., includes about twenty species. A small group, which includes C. tanydeira Thompson, 1968 and the species described below, is found in northeastern M6xico. Other species of Coelocentrum s. s. inhabit Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas, Belize and Guatemala. The correct subgeneric assignment of the two species from northeastern M6xico is uncertain. Typical Coelocentrum (C. turris) has relatively large, inflated, button-like embryonic whorls (Fig. 48), whereas C. tanydeira and the species THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MhXICO 145 species described below have much narrower and relatively flattened whorls (Fig. 47). In both groups the embryonic sculpture consists of short segments of thread- riblets along the shoulders of the whorls below the suture. Coelocentrum penion, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 2-6).- The shell is moderately small, about 20.0- 27.0 mm long and 6.3-7.7 mm wide. Moderately stocky, about 0.23-0.35 times as wide as long. The shell is ovate-cylindrical in shape, and resembles a small spool of twine in appearance. It is widest near the middle and tapers toward both ends. The first whorl at the apical plug is 3.0-3.7 mm wide and is broadly perforate. The umbilicus is imperforate. The aperture has a long slender descending neck that is slightly longer than the diameter of the last whorl (Figs. 3, 5). The neck is rounded but dorso-ventrally compressed. The aperture is obovate in shape and is wider than long. It is small, being about 0.41-0.56 times the width of the shell. The peristome is uniformly. narrow and reflected. The periostracum is light yellow-brown in color and shiny. The peristome and the interior of the aperture are white. Adult shells have 13.3-18.7 whorls below the apical plug. The whorls are rounded at the periphery and are sculptured with narrow recurved axial ribs that are about 1/5-1/7 the width of their intervals; 46-56 ribs on penultimate whorl, 49-63 on fifth and 45-58 on tenth whorl. The ribs on the neck are more crowded and completely encircle the neck. The forward face of the ribs are slightly concave. Their lower ends are expanded and knobby at the suture; their upper ends are forked just below the upper suture producing a thinner, forward-directed branch that partially coalesces with the next rib to produce a spiral subsutural thread. The interspaces have occasional-numerous impressed spiral line-segments. The axis is about 0.33-0.43 times the diameter of the shell and is concave in outline between the septa (Fig. 5). The axis is sculptured with about 15 oblique riblets that are separated from the bottom septum to form a narrow spiral channel. The riblets bear several small pointed knobs which may combine to form short combs. Measurements of adult shells are given in Table 1. The juvenile shell remains unknown. TYPE LOCALITY.-- Sierra de Cucharas, 7 km by road west of G6mez Farias, TAMAULIPAS (23003'20"N, 9010'21"W); 730 m alt. HOLOTYPE: UF 190974; collected 25 June 1991 by Alfonso Correa. PARATYPES: UF 193540 (2); same data as the holotype. PARATYPES: UF 193541 (4), ITCVZ 1005 (3); the same general area at 430 m alt. (23001'24"N, 99009'42"W). The type locality is on the east slope of the Sierra de Cucharas at the second bend of the road ascending to San Jose,. The area was covered with a dense second-growth thicket of mountain rain forest. Live snails were found in holes and pits perforating the limestone. The locality at 430 m is not as wet as the type locality, but otherwise it is similar ecologically. BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) TABLE 1.- Coelocentrum penion,, new species. Measurements in mm for the holotype and seven paratypes. L = length; W = width; ApH = aperture height; ApW = aperture width; Wh = whorls; RP = ribs on penultimate whorl; RS = ribs on fifth whorl; R10 = ribs on tenth whorl. Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP R5 RIO holotype 27.0 6.3 2.6 3.0 18.7 52 51 45 paratype 23.3 7.0 2.7 3.2 15.0 56 49 45 paratype 20.0 6.9 2.6 3.3 13.3 49 65 51 paratype 26.8 7.1 2.9 3.4 18.2 48 58 43 paratype 26.6 6.4 3.2 3.6 17.8 50 50 52 paratype 25.1 6.8 2.9 3.3 17.2 46 54 57 paratype 25.4 7.7 3.0 3.2 15.2 47 63 57 paratype 25.7 6.6 3.0 3.3 16.0 48 TABLE 2.- Coelocentrum tanydeira Thompson, 1968. Measurements in mm for the holotype (UF 19040) and seven paratypes (UF 19042). Abbreviations as in Table 1. Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP RS R1 holotype 27.3 6.1 3.4 3.5 16.0 64 58 54 paratype 29.8 6.4 3.3 3.6 16.4 54 62 61 paratype 28.4 6.0 3.4 3.6 16.3 53 60 68 paratype 27.4 6.0 3.2 16.2 paratype 27.3 6.2 3.2 15.3 54 57 67 paratype 26.8 6.0 3.2 3.6 15.1 55 64 50 paratype 26.0 5.0 3.4 3.5 15.7 57 60 61 paratype 25.5 6.0 3.2 3.5 15.3 54 70 50 THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MtXICO 147 DISTRIBUTION.- Known only from the area about the type locality. REMARKS.-- Coelocentrum penion is most closely related to Coelocentrum tanydeira Thompson, 1968, a species found near Xilitla, San Luis Potosi. Meristic data for C. tanydeira are given in Table 2. The two snails are similar in size and appearance. Both species have a long neck projecting forward from the last whorl, and both have broken incised spiral line-segments in the interspaces between the ribs. C tanydeira differs from C. penion by having a more slender, nearly cylindrical shape, a relatively shorter and rounded neck (Fig. 7), a larger aperture, its costate sculpture, and its columellar sculpture. In C. tanydeira, the aperture is 0.56-0.60 times the width of the shell; in C. penion, it is only 0.41-0.56 times the width. In C. tanydeira, the ribs on the surface of the shell are closer, being about a third of the width of their interspaces and are connected by a heavier subsutural spiral cord that crosses over the upper ends of the ribs. The anterior face of the ribs slopes forward in contrast to the concave face in C. pension. The riblets on the columella of C. tanydeira are sculptured with minute granules along their edges, unlike the pointed irregular knobs in C. penion. C. tanydeira differs also by having an imperforate apical whorl in adult shells, in contrast to the broad perforation in C. penion. ETYMOLOGY.- The species name penion is derived from the Classical Greek penion, a spool. It alludes to the resemblance of the shell to a small spool of twine. Subgenus Ptychodonta Bartsch, 1906 TYPE SPECIES: Coelocentrum astrophorea Dall, 1897. The subgenus consists of a small group of species from northwestern Hidalgo and eastern Quer6taro. It is characterized by having moderate-sized embryonic whorls that bear numerous, close, complete thread-riblets (Fig. 46), and by having a sharp, turgid, spiral ridge on the columella. The ridge bears a row of short radial spines. The ridge is a hollow evagination of the columellar wall, and is not a solid lamellar blade such as occurs in other genera (e. g. Oligostylus, Anisospira and Holospira). 148 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) Coelocentrum astrophorea Dall, 1897 Coelocentrum astrophorea Dall, 1897. Nautilus, 11: 62.-- Bartsch, 1906; Proc. U. S. National Museum, 31: 118; text figs. 5-6.-- Pilsbry, 1903; Manual of Conchology, Ser. I, 15: 45. Coelocentrum acanthophorea Martens, 1901. Biologia Centrali-Americana: 634. (Amendment for astrophorea ?). TYPE.- Holotype USNM 134696 (lost). TYPE LOCALITY.-- Encarnacion, Hidalgo, Mexico. DISTRIBUTION.-- Known only from the type locality. REMARKS.-- Dall (1897) gives no indication about the number of specimens that comprise the type series. Bartsch (1906) gives measurements for the type and three paratypes. Recently, none of the type specimens could be located in the USNM collection, and presumably they are lost. Coelocentrum telescopium, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 8-11, 46, 50).-- The shell is cylindrical with the upper third tapered and the last whorl slightly narrowed. Robust, 0.21-0.28 times as wide as high. Shell large, adults about 46.0-54.1 mm long, and 10.8-13.0 mm wide. Apical whorl 4.1-4.5 mm wide and narrowly perforate. Umbilicus rimate. Aperture on a short neck that projects forward for about a fourth of the diameter of the last whorl (Fig. 9). Neck weakly constricted behind aperture, triangular-ovate in cross-section; base obtusely rounded, without basal keel. Aperture broadly triangular in shape, highly variable in relative height and width; generally about 0.55-0.60 times the width of the shell; plane of aperture moderately prosocline (Fig. 9). Peristome blunt-edged and weakly reflected. Interior of aperture grayish- white. Adult shells with about 17-20 whorls below apical plug. Suture moderately impressed; whorls weakly arched and with a narrow sharp shoulder that is accentuated by a weak, nearly obsolete spiral cord so that the whorls appear to be telescoped. Ground color yellow-brown. Surface of whorls sculptured with regularly spaced, low, retroactively arched, flat-topped whitish ribs that are about half as wide as their interspaces; ribs tending to become narrower and more crowded on lower whorls; 80-110 ribs on penultimate whorl, 67-98 on fifth whorl and 63-79 on tenth whorl above aperture holotypee 87, 74, 60); ribs continue around base into umbilicus. Interspaces between ribs with occasional segments of THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MIXICO 149 TABLE 3.- Coelocentrum telescopium, new species. Measurements in mm for the holotype and seven paratypes. Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page 146). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP R5 R10 holotype 51.4 12.2 7.0 7.3 20.3 87 84 79 paratype 54.1 11.8 7.6 7.1 20.3 87 77 76 paratype 52.8 11.1 7.3 6.5 19.8 108 86 74 paratype 49.9 11.8 7.9 6.6 18.2 88 73 67 paratype 49.7 10.9 6.0 7.0 19.0 89 74 60 paratype 47.6 10.8 6.7 6.5 19.8 110 98 77 paratype 46.0 13.0 7.2 5.5 17.5 79 low rounded spiral cords. Axis hollow and spindle-shaped; about two-thirds the width of the shell near the middle and about a third of the width in the penultimate whorl; surface smooth but with a strong spiral ridge just below the center; ridge bearing flattened forward-directed short radial spines (Fig. 11); ridge present throughout length of shell from first whorl below apical plug; spines begin on fifth whorl below plug, and become reduced to irregular knobs in penultimate whorl; about 20 spines present on ridge within antepenultimate whorl. Measurements for seven adult shells are given in Table 3. Juvenile shell attenuate (Fig. 50); rates of growth indicate that about 18 whorls are lost above apical plug. Embryonic shell cylindrical (two specimens examined), containing 7 whorls about 1.45 mm in diameter; first 1.5 whorls smooth; remaining embryonic whorls with fine, close axial riblets that grade into the sculpture of the postembryonic shell (Fig. 46). TYPE LOCALITY.-- QUERITARO, 7 km southwest of El Lobo; 2100 m alt. El Lobo is located on the road from Xilitla to Querdtaro (Hwy. 120) and is about 10 km southwest of Ahuacatlan, San Luis Potosi. Snails were collected from along the microtower road that turns to the west about 5 km SW of El Lobo. The area was forested with sparse oaks on a limestone hillside. Snails were found under boulders and crawling in the open after a rain from the previous night. HOLOTYPE: UF 34493; collected 25 September 1970 by Fred G. Thompson and Russell Parks. PARATYPES: UF 193539 (6), Instituto Tecnol6gico Ciudad Victoria ITCVZ 1003 (3); same data as the holotype. UF 34331 (3); paratopotypes. BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 36(5) REMARKS.- This species is compared to Coelocentrum astrophorea Dall, 1897, because of similar sculpture on the columella and the lack of a palatal lamella. Eight adult specimens were examined. None shows a trace of a palatal lamella on the interior of the shell. It differs from C. astrophorea by its much larger size and larger number of whorls (Table 3). Bartsch (1906) states that C. astrophorea is 26.8-29.8 mm long, 7.3-7.7 mm wide and has 13-15 whorls, and his figure indicates that C. atrophorea has a more deeply impressed suture than does C. telescopium. A more detailed comparison is not possible because the type specimens of C. astrophorea are lost. Another species closely related to C. telescopium occurs in the region of Tres Lagunas. It differs primarily by being shorter, by having closer and more numerous ribs, by having a strong palatal lamella within the middle of the shell and by having a more abbreviate juvenile shell with only five embryonic whorls. Overlap in size and ribbing occurs between the two taxa, but other characters are sufficiently distinct as to warrant separate taxonomic status. This second species is described below. ETYMOLOGY.-- The name telescopium is from the Latin, and alludes to the appearance of the shell at the suture. Coelocentrum brachyacron, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 12-15, 51).-- Medium-sized, about 35.1-41.4 mm long 9.6-11.5 mm wide; about 0.23-0.33 times as wide as high. Cylindrical and stocky in shape with the upper third of shell tapered. Umbilicus rimate; apical whorl narrowly perforate. Whorl at apical plug 3 mm wide. Last whorl with a short neck that extends forward for about 2 mm; neck ovate-triangular in cross-section and not noticeably constricted. Aperture broadly ovate-triangular in shape; about 0.52- 0.65 times the width of the shell; interior whitish. Peristome narrowly and nearly uniformly reflected. Adult shell with 14.5-19.0 weakly arched whorls. Shoulder of whorls narrow and bounded along the top of the ribs by a thin spiral cord. Whorls sculptured with close thin riblets that are about half as wide as their interspaces; riblets/whorl about equal throughout cylindrical portion of spire and becoming more widely spaced higher up; 105-150 riblets on penultimate whorl, 103-134 on fifth whorl and 59-99 on tenth whorl above aperture; riblets continuing around base and into umbilicus. Base generally imperforate and without basal keel. Columella about 0.38-0.44 times width of shell; slightly wider in middle of shell than below, and tapered above; with a broad spiral ridge in its middle that bears about 13-18 spines per whorl; spines reduced to knobs in the last whorl. Interior of shell with a strong palatal lamella 1-2 whorls in length in the 5-7 whorls above aperture (Fig. 15); at upper end lamella winds along basal septum and becomes 150 THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO 151 TABLE 4.- Coelocentrum brachyacron, new species. Measurements of the holotype and twelve paratypes. Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP RS RIO holotype 39.9 10.6 6.2 6.3 17.9 136 137 83 paratype 41.4 9.6 6.1 6.2 17.8 123 paratype 40.7 10.3 6.7 6.5 16.3 132 134 75 paratype 38.0 11.0 6.3 6.4 15.0 paratype 37.5 10.7 5.6 5.3 14.6 122 123 85 paratype 37.3 10.0 5.9 6.0 16.2 paratype 36.8 9.7 6.1 6.0 14.8 150 110 80 paratype 36.7 10.1 5.8 6.0 15.3 146 86 paratype 35.1 10.8 6.0 5.8 15.2 117 74 paratype 34.4 11.5 6.1 6.0 14.5 105 103 59 located in the middle of the outer wall at its lower end. Measurements of adult shells are given in Table 4. Rates of growth of five juvenile shells indicate that 13.5-15.0 whorls are lost above apical plug. Juvenile shell with a relatively short and rapidly expanding spire (Fig. 51). Embryonic shell cylindrical, consisting of five whorls; first whorl 1.45 mm in diameter, smooth; following four whorls with fine, close, vertical riblets that grade into sculpture of postembryonic shell. TYPE LOCALITY.- QUERETARO, 1 km southeast of Tres Lagunas; 2600 m alt. Tres Lagunas is reached by a graded road 8 km NNW from Highway 120 and 4.5 km SW of the San Luis Potosi Quer6taro State line. Snails were found under slabs of limestone in an open oak-juniper forest. HOLOTYPE: UF 159627; collected 15 January 1990 by Fred G. Thompson and Steven P. Christman. PARATYPES: UF 193542 (10 adults and 6 juvs.), ITCVZ 1004 (2 adults, 1 juv.); same data as the holotype. OTHER LOCALITIES.-- QUERETARO: 2 km SE of Tres Lagunas, 2600 m alt. (UF 159609. 6 adults and 6 juvs.). REMARKS.-- This species and Coelocentrum telescopium are closely related, and they are similar in general appearance. The shorter embryonic shell, 152 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) the abbreviate juvenile shell, the narrower columella and the palatal lamella readily differentiate C. brachyacron from C. telescopium. The palatal lamella develops after adult growth is completed. It is present in ten adults from the type lot and absent in five. Those that lack the lamella also are thin-shelled, indicating that they have not reached definitive development. All adults from the locality 2 km SE of Tres Lagunas have a lamella. The late ontogenetic development of the palatal lamella in Coelocentrum brachyacron is similar to the development of this feature in Holospira which typically has four lamellae in the last whorl; a columellar, parietal, basal and palatal. Ontogenetically they develop in that order upon completion of shell growth. The palatal lamella may be absent or weakly developed in sub-adult specimens of Holospira that normally have four lamellae. ETYMOLOGY.-- The name brachyacron is from the Classical Greek brachys, short and akron, spire, referring to the abbreviate juvenile shell of this species. Coelocentrum endolophus Pilsbry, 1953 Coelocentrum endolophus Pilsbry, 1953. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 105: 134-135; pl. 3, figs. 4-5b. TYPE LOCALITY.- Unknown; stated to be "between Chilpancingo and a small town nearby called Mazatlan, Guerrero". This is doubtful. HOLOTYPE: ANSP 190964. The description of Coelocentrum endolophus was based on two specimens which reportedly came from near Mazatlan, Guerrero (Pilsbry, 1953: pl. 3, figs. 5- 5a), and a single specimen collected by Maxwell Smith at Km 251 on the highway from Cd. Mdxico to Cd. Valles (Hwy. 85) (Pilsbry, 1953; pl. 3, figs. 4-4a). The second locality is about 15 km SSW of Jacala, Hidalgo. It is near Encarnaci6n, the type locality of C. astrophorea Dall, 1897 and is within the known range of other Ptychodonta. The Guerrero locality is remote from there. The geographic distribution of other Pychodonta adds doubt to the origin of the holotype of C. endolophus. Other Pychodonta are known only from a relatively small area in northwestern Hidalgo and adjacent Querdtaro, a geologically isolated region of Cretaceous limestones, which is parted in the middle by the Rio Moctezuma. Coelocentrum astrophorea and C. endolophus occur south of the Rio Moctezuma; C. telescopium and C. brachyacron occur north of the river. Considering that all other known species of Coelocentrum have very restricted distributions it is not plausible that C. endolophus could be so widely distributed as to occur in Guerrero and Hidalgo. The type locality given in Pilsbry (1953: 134) is considered by us to be incorrect. Conversely, there is no apparent reason to doubt the reliability of the record from Km. 251, Hidalgo. THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN M9XICO 153 Subgenus Crossostephanus Dall, 1908 TYPE SPECIES: Coelocentrum palmeri Dall and Bartsch, 1908. This subgenus is characterized by the sculpture of the embryonic whorls and by having a turgid evagination on the columella which bears various solid ornate knobs and scallops. The embryonic whorls are moderate-sized and bear coarse riblets below the suture. The riblets are discontinuous across the whorls, but are weakly expressed along the base (Fig. 49). The evagination and its sculpture become enlarged in the lower whorls. In the less specialized species the evagination is low and bears a few coarse nodes. In the most elaborately evolved species, such as C. palmeri, the evagination is greatly extended as a pendulant fold, and the knobs consist of large forward-directed overlapping leafs or plates. Intermediate stages occur in other species. Within a given sample there may be considerable individual variation in the degree of sculpturing on the columella. Some specimens are nearly devoid of any tuberculation. This is correlated with incomplete definitive growth. These are individuals that have definitive development of the outer shell, but have not yet completed development internally. Crossostephanus is known only from southeastern Tamaulipas and immediately adjacent San Luis Potosi. The species inhabit a variety of vegetational zones on limestone strata, including submesic scrub, mesic oak and pine forests and mountain rain forests. Species appear to be numerous. The area within the known range of the subgenus is poorly explored for mollusks, and large areas of seemingly suitable habitat to the west and north remain completely unexplored. Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909 Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909. Nautilus, 22: 138-139. This species has not been illustrated previously (Figs. 20, 21, 33, 42-43). The sculpture on the columella relates it to the following three species. As with other Crossostephanus some individuals are devoid of nodular sculpture on the columella; others may be quite rugose. Measurements of ten shells selected to show variation are given in Table 5. TYPE LOCALITY.- SAN LUIS POTOSi: highest mountain on south side of river at Mecos Falls. Holotype in the ANSP. DISTRIBUTION.-- Recorded only from the type locality and San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi, M6xico. BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) TABLE 5.- Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsby, 1909. Shell measurements of ten paratypes (UF 50153). Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page 146). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP R5 R10 paratype 38.9 8.2 5.7 5.6 12.5 58 59 57 paratype 37.1 8.3 5.1 5.1 12.5 52 58 47 paratype 37.1 8.0 5.2 5.5 11.8 54 57 47 paratype 36.6 8.1 5.0 5.4 12.0 53 55 45 paratype 36.4 7.9 5.3 5.4 13.7 63 62 56 paratype 35.0 8.0 4.8 5.2 11.3 50 49 50 paratype 34.7 8.0 5.6 5.6 12.2 52 54 43 paratype 34.6 7.7 4.9 5.1 11.9 55 47 44 paratype 34.1 7.2 4.5 5.0 13.3 65 64 54 paratype 33.2 7.6 4.6 5.0 12.4 59 60 52 Coelocentrum affinis, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 16-19, 40).-- Medium-sized, about 38-44 mm in length and about 9.2-10.4 mm wide; 0.22-0.26 times as wide as long. Shell tapered or cylindric-tapered in shape with the upper half tapering and the lower half nearly cylindrical; the last whorl is only slightly narrower than the penultimate whorl. Periostracum dull brown in color; the interior of the aperture tinged brown, becoming nearly white around the peristome. The umbilicus and the apical whorl are imperforate. Adult shells have 12.2-14.2 moderately arched whorls that are narrowly shouldered below the suture. The last whorl has a short neck, the length of which is about 1/6-1/4 the diameter of the last whorl (Figs. 17-18). The neck is slightly compressed dorso-ventrally and has a rounded base lacking any trace of a basal crest. The suture is moderately impressed and is accentuated by a thin, wavy spiral thread bounding the shoulder of the whorl. The whorls are sculptured with thin low riblets that are about 1/6-1/10 the width of their interspaces; 52-69 riblets on penultimate whorl; 55-81 on fifth whorl; 47-59 on tenth. The interspaces have irregularly spaced and coarser short segments of spiral threads. The aperture is wider than high and is about 0.62-0.71 times the width of the shell. It is variable in shape but usually is ovate or triangular-ovate in shape with a slightly concave parietal wall. A distinct angle occurs at the posterior corer. The peristome is THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO TABLE 6.- Coelocentrum affinis, new species. Shell measurements of the holotype (UF 159634) and ten paratypes (UF 193543). Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP R5 RIO holotype 40.6 9.6 6.5 6.7 12.0 52 56 47 paratype 43.7 10.1 7.1 6.8 12.3 71 62 54 paratype 43.0 9.8 5.7 6.5 14.7 64 70 47 paratype 42.5 9.6 6.2 6.4 14.2 65 62 51 paratype 42.1 9.2 6.4 6.4 13.7 69 62 52 paratype 41.5 9.4 5.9 6.4 13.6 69 66 53 paratype 41.5 9.2 6.4 6.5 13.3 69 81 59 paratype 41.4 9.5 6.7 6.5 13.3 80 77 59 paratype 39.7 10.4 7.2 6.8 12.2 64 45 paratype 38.0 9.5 6.5 5.9 12.6 62 74 54 paratype 37.6 9.2 6.5 6.6 12.2 56 55 49 slightly thickened and rounded and is nearly uniformly and narrowly expanded around the aperture. The columella is relatively narrow, being about 0.18-0.28 times the width of the shell. It gradually increases in diameter down to the penultimate whorl and then becoming narrower in the last whorl (Fig. 40). The middle of the columella between septa has a slight spiral bulge that is sculptured in the last 3-4 whorls with about 8-10 sparse, oblique white bars or elongate nodes. Measurements for adult shells are given in Table 6. The juvenile shell remains unknown. TYPE LOCALITY.- Sierra Tamalave, 7 km west-southwest of Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Tamaulipas; 350 m altitude. HOLOTYPE: UF 159634; collected 17 January 1990 by Fred G. Thompson and Steven P. Christman. PARATYPES: UF 193543 (16 complete shells plus 5 fragments)), ITCVZ 1006 (10 adult shells); same data as the holotype. The Sierra Tamalave is a low limestone range with a north-south axis. The type locality is in a steep ravine on the east slope of the sierra along the highway from El Lim6n to Tula. The ravine was forested with a dense xeric scrub thicket. Snail shells were found in the leaf litter and under boulders. DISTRIBUTION.-- Known from the Sierra Tamalave at the type locality, and at 12 km WSW of Adolfo Lopez Mateos, 450 m alt. (UF 159664). 155 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) REMARKS.- This species is most similar in appearance to Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry. The latter species occurs at about 30 km to the southwest in the Sierra Grande. The Sierra Tamalave and the Sierra Grande are separated by a dry alluvial basin. Coelocentrum affinis differs from C. hinkleyi primarily by its larger size (see Table 5), and by having a less constricted last whorl. Other aspects of the shell including external sculpture and the columella are alike. ETYMOLOGY.- The species name affinis is from the Latin, meaning related to, in allusion to its close affinity to the following species. Coelocentrumpriosculpta, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 22-27, 52).-- Adult shell small; about 21-29 mm long and about 0.22-0.24 times as wide as long. Shell tapered, slightly convex in outline. Color light brown becoming whitish behind the peristome; interior of aperture tan. Apical whorl and umbilicus imperforate. Adult shell with 10.8-13.3 moderately arched whorls. Base of last whorl with a nearly obsolete spiral ridge along outer edge. Aperture extended forward on a short rounded neck that lacks a basal ridge (Fig. 23); length of neck about a fourth the width of the last whorl; flattened above and strongly angular in front of suture. Aperture about 0.63-0.71 times the width of the shell; obovate in shape; angular at posterior corer and less so at parietal-columellar corer. Peristome slightly thickened and narrowly reflected; slightly wider along base and columellar margin; narrowest along parietal margin and upper outer lip. Suture deep; whorls with a narrow but abrupt nearly horizontal shoulder that is accentuated by a wavy spiral thread connecting upper ends of ribs. Whorls sculptured with low, rounded, recurved riblets that are 1/3-1/5 the width of their interspaces; 47-62 riblets on penultimate whorl; 48-64 on fifth whorl; 38-54 on tenth whorl. Bases of riblets expanded and flattened, tending to be forked. Interspaces between riblets with numerous irregular rather course segments of spiral striations. Columella rather slender, about 0.16-0.22 times the width of the shell (Fig. 24, 27); uniformly tapered to the penultimate whorl; columella with a low swelling in center of each whorl. The swelling may be nearly smooth throughout the length of the columella (Fig. 24), or it may bear a few scattered small nodes in the last two or three whorls (Fig. 27). Measurements of adult shells are given in Table 7. The rate of growth of juvenile shell indicates that about 21 whorls are lost above the point of decollation. Embryonic whorls 5, button-like in appearance; first slightly higher but narrower; next three nearly cylindrical, 1.4 mm wide; fifth slightly constricted. Sculpture and form of embryonic and juvenile shell similar to C. penion. THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUMFROM NORTHEASTERN MLXICO TABLE 7.- Coelocentrum priosculpta, new species. Shell measurements of the holotype (UF 159672) and ten paratypes (UF 193538). Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page 146). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP R5 RIO holotype 27.9 6.3 4.4 4.5 13.0 56 54 51 paratype 28.5 6.3 4.2 4.1 13.3 50 59 47 paratype 28.1 6.6 4.3 4.6 13.6 47 52 45 paratype 28.1 6.6 4.0 4.2 12.6 57 55 46 paratype 27.6 6.7 4.5 4.7 10.8 55 56 paratype 27.5 6.0 4.1 4.1 13.0 62 50 54 paratype 26.7 6.0 4.1 4.1 13.6 57 48 46 paratype 26.2 6.0 4.1 4.0 12.0 57 64 44 paratype 25.9 6.3 4.0 4.0 12.5 53 50 45 paratype 23.8 5.8 3.9 4.0 11.6 49 51 38 paratype 21.8 5.3 3.5 3.6 12.2 54 60 44 TYPE LOCALITY.-- TAMAULIPAS: Sierra Grande, 2 km west of Santa Maria de Guadalupe, 21 km west of Ocampo; 1100 m alt. HOLOTYPE: UF 159672; collected 18 January 1990 by Fred G. Thompson. PARATYPES: UF 193538 (15), ITCVZ 1007 (9); same data as the holotype. The type locality is in a submesic limestone ravine that was forested with slender tall oaks (Quercus sp.). No understory was present. Snail shells were common in the leaf-litter. Live specimens were found under large boulders. DISTRIBUTION.-- This species is known from Tamaulipas and immediately adjacent San Luis Potosi at an altitude of 1000-1100 m in submesic habitats. OTHER LOCALITIES.- SAN LUIS POTOSI: hwy. from Naranjos to Cd. El Maiz (22029'06" N, 99025'00"W), 1000 m alt. UF 193537). REMARKS.-- Coelocentrum priosculpta is distinguished from other species of Crossostephanus by its small size, its costulate sculpture with the lower ends of the riblets flattened and expanded to form short inverted Y's and its simple, nearly smooth columella with only a few small nodes in the lower whorls. It is most similar to C. hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909 in the latter two characters. C. hinkleyi is a 157 158 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) much larger and relatively more attenuate species, and has a relatively longer neck on the last whorl. ETYMOLOGY.-- The species name is from the Latin, prior meaning early, and sculpta, a carving, in reference to the primordial stage of sculpture on the columella. Coelocentrumpaucinoda, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 28-32).- Moderately large and stocky; about 33-40 mm long and 8.8-10.6 mm wide; about 0.25-0.28 times as wide as high. Spire nearly cylindrical; last whorl narrower; upper half tapered. Color light brown and nearly lusterless. Adult shell with 11.3-12.7 whorls. Apical whorl imperforate; 4.9-6.1 mm wide. Umbilicus very narrowly perforate or rimate. Base of last whorl rounded; with a weak ridge along outer margin. Aperture extended forward on a short rounded neck (Fig. 29). Aperture broadly ovate in shape; parietal wall flattened and forming a weak angle internally with the outer lip. Width of aperture 0.57-0.66 times the width of the shell. Peristome narrowly and uniformly reflected. Whorls moderately arched and shouldered below the suture; shoulder accentuated by a thin wavy spiral thread connecting the upper ends of the axial riblets. Sculpture consisting of narrow, recurved, rounded riblets that are about 1/5-1/7 the width of their interspaces; penultimate whorl with 55-75 riblets; fifth whorl, 65-84; tenth whorl, 45-61. Located between the riblets are irregular, fine, spiral thread-segments. In most specimens these are quite numerous, although they may be reduced or absent on the lower whorls in some individuals. Columella tapered, 0.28-0.33 times the width of the shell at penultimate whorl (Fig. 30). Columella with a low turgid spiral ridge which in the penultimate and antipenultimate whorls bears about 7-9 white nodes per whorl; nodes round or slightly elongate; length of nodes about equal to or less than the width of the spiral swelling. External sculpture and other adult shell features are similar to C. torosum. The juvenile shell is unknown. Measurements and other meristic data are given in Table 8. TYPE LOCALITY.-- TAMAULIPAS: limestone escarpment 3 km east of and ascending to the village of G6mez Farias (23001'21" N, 99008'00"W); 300 m alt. HOLOTYPE: UF 193544; collected 31 August 1991 by Alfonso Correa. PARATYPES: UF 193545 (3), UF 193547 (20), ITCVZ 1008 (10); same data as the holotype. DISTRIBUTION.-- This species is known for certain only from the type locality. We have before us a dead shell (UF 193546) collected from along the Rio THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Frio, a few kms NE of the type locality (2207'48"N, 99004'24"W). Its point of origin is uncertain. REMARKS.- This species differs from the following species by its larger size, its cylindric-tapered shape, its narrowly perforate umbilicus, and its wider columella with sparser, more nearly rounded nodose sculpture. Although the two taxa are quite similar, they differ sufficiently to warrant specific recognition. This is supported by their geographic and ecological isolation. The ranges of the two are separated by the Rio Guayalejo Basin, and by a distance of about 60 km. Both species occupy upland limestone habitats, whereas the lowlands of the Guayalejo Basin consists of alluvial and metamorphic deposits that are uninhabitable to Coelocentrum. ETYMOLOGY.- The name paucinoda is derived from the Latin paucus, few, and nodus, a knot or swelling, in reference to the columellar sculpture. TABLE 8.- Coelocentrum paucinoda, new species. Shell measurements of the holotype (UF 193544) and ten paratypes (UF 193545). Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page 146). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP RS RIO holotype 38.5 10.5 6.2 6.2 11.7 67 76 51 paratype 39.7 9.9 6.7 6.4 12.7 67 80 55 paratype 38.4 10.0 6.6 6.2 12.5 64 84 61 paratype 37.6 10.6 6.0 6.3 12.8 64 68 56 paratype 35.7 9.7 6.3 6.1 12.0 62 70 45 paratype 35.3 8.8 5.4 5.6 12.7 70 77 49 paratype 35.2 9.9 5.5 5.7 11.9 62 65 72 paratype 35.1 9.5 5.8 5.6 12.5 61 70 57 paratype 34.6 9.3 6.1 6.0 11.6 75 89 53 paratype 34.2 9.1 5.8 6.0 12.1 64 74 58 paratype 33.2 9.7 6.6 6.4 11.3 55 65 4 159 160 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 36(5) Coelocentrum torosum, new species DESCRIPTION (Figs. 34-37, 41).- Adult shell medium sized, about 26.8- 32.7 mm long and 8.0-9.0 mm wide; about 0.26-0.31 times as wide as high. Club- shaped; upper 1/3 1/2 of spire tapered; top whorl at apical plug 4.2-5.5 mm wide; lower portion of spire nearly cylindrical. Umbilicus and apical whorl imperforate. Last whorl with an obsolete angle along periphery and ending with a short neck about 1 mm long behind the aperture (Fig. 35). Color brown with a whitish peristome and aperture; umbilical wall gray. About 8.8-11.6 whorls below apical plug; whorls weakly convex; with conspicuous shoulders that are margined and accentuated by a light-colored spiral thread. Suture moderately impressed. Whorls sculptured with fine, recurved riblets that are about 1/4 1/5 the width of their interspaces; 61-86 riblets on penultimate whorl, 62-86 on fifth and 43-65 on tenth whorl above aperture; riblets connected at their upper ends by a narrower, lighter- colored, wavy, spiral thread. Aperture rounded with a weak posterior angle; usually wider than high and relatively large; about 0.6-0.7 times the width of the shell. Peristome slightly thickened and moderately reflected. Columella slender; about a tenth the width of the whorl near the apex, becoming enlarged in the lower third of shell so that the sculptured columella is about 0.23-0.28 the width of the whorl; axis with a slight spiral swelling that becomes enlarged in the lower whorls; swelling with 6-8 large, elongate, white knobs per whorl in lower part of shell; knobs about twice as long as wide; knobs usually confined to penultimate whorl; occasionally on previous two whorls (Figs. 40). Measurements of adult shells are given in Table 9. Embryonic shell consisting of six whorls. First whorl rounded but not conspicuously enlarged (in contrast to C. penion). Next two whorls gradually increase in width to about 1.5-1.6 mm; following three whorls narrower. First embryonic whorl smooth; next five whorls smooth but with coarse denticles along the shoulder that crenulate the suture. Postembryonic whorls forming an attenuate, weakly concave spire; sculptured with fine regularly spaced riblets, which by about the twentieth whorl become connected along the upper suture by a thin spiral thread. Rate of growth of juvenile shell indicates that about 19-21 whorls are lost above apical plug. TYPE LOCALITY.-- Sierra de Tamaulipas, 7 km northwest of Piruli, Tamaulipas, Mexico; 350 m alt. (23034'27"N, 98033'50"W). HOLOTYPE: UF 189695; collected 8 February 1991 by Alfonso Correa and Fred G. Thompson. PARATYPES: UF 193525 (75 adult shells and numerous fragments), ITCVZ 1009 (25); same data as the holotype. The type locality lies in a deep ravine near the top of a limestone ridge. This locality is on the highway from Cd. Victoria to Soto La Marina, and is about 54 km west of Soto La Marina. Snails were found under dead leaves, logs and stones near the bottom of the ravine. THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MXIGCO 161 TABLE 9.- Coelocentrum torosum, new species. Shell measurements of the holotype (UF 189695) and ten paratypes (UF 193525). Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page 146). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP RS RIO holotype 32.1 9.0 6.2 6.3 10.2 68 71 55 paratype 32.7 8.9 5.5 5.9 11.3 61 66 52 paratype 32.7 8.4 5.2 5.6 12.3 73 86 64 paratype 32.3 8.7 6.1 6.1 11.6 76 76 54 paratype 30.2 8.0 5.1 5.2 11.2 64 64 49 paratype 28.7 8.1 5.3 5.5 10.2 86 75 65 paratype 28.6 8.0 4.9 5.3 11.6 67 62 43 paratype 28.0 8.1 4.9 5.6 10.1 79 76 45 paratype 27.5 8.0 5.1 5.3 10.3 66 63 48 paratype 27.4 8.6 5.2 5.1 10.4 74 75 50 paratype 26.8 8.3 5.5 5.5 8.8 77 77 DISTRIBUTION.- This species appears to be widely distributed within the Sierra de Tamaulipas. It is known from 50-480 m altitude, and is common within subcaducifolias forests. OTHER SPECIMENS.- TAMAULIPAS. Sierra de Tamaulipas: Rancho El Carrizo, Soto La Marina, 50 m alt. (UF 193526); El Moro, km 69, on road from Cd. Victoria to Soto La Marina; 480 m alt., 23034'10"N, 98032'56"W (UF 193528, UF193529); El Sabinito, km 97, on road from Cd. Victoria to Soto La Marina, 300 m alt. (UF 193527); 2 km W of El Sabinito, 27 km SW of Soto La Marina, 260 m alt. (UF 189715). REMARKS.-- Coelocentrum torosum is distinguished from other Crossostephanus by its relatively small club-shaped shell, its relatively slender columella bearing only a few elongate knobs or scallops in the lower 2-3 whorls, and its imperforate umbilicus and apical whorl. As with other Coelocentrum some populations differ significantly in shell features. Specimens from 2 km west of El Sabinito attain a length of 30.4-35.8 mm, and the columella has scalloped nodes within the lower four whorls. Other population samples we have examined are very similar to the type series. 162 BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) ETYMOLOGY.-- The species name torosum is from the Latin torosus, meaning bulging, and refers to the knobby protuberances on the axis. Coelocentrum palmeri Dall and Bartsch, 1908 Coelocentrum palmeri Dall and Bartsch, 1908. in Dall, 1908. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35: 177-178; pl. 29, figs. 2, 5.- Solem, 1954; Nautilus, 68: 7. The original description was based on only a few specimens. Additional material collected during recent years adds significantly to our knowledge of the species and provides a basis for its redescription. DESCRIPTION (Figs. 38, 39, 44, 45, 49).- This species is characterized by its large stocky size and the sculpture on the columella. Color brown. Club- shaped and stocky, being about 0.25-0.32 times as wide as high. Shell about 42-63 mm long; normally about 12.2-14.7 mm wide; apical whorl about 5.0-6.9 mm wide. Aperture with a short neck the length of which is about a fifth the diameter of the last whorl (Fig. 39). Base rounded and without a basal keel. Umbilicus imperforate or narrowly rimate; apical whorl narrowly rimate. Aperture ovate- triangular in shape; about 0.53-0.66 times the width of the shell. Peristome slightly thickened and narrowly expanded. Whorls 11.3-13.5; separated by a moderately impressed suture that is accentuated by a conspicuous wavy, spiral thread bounding a narrow shoulder on the whorls. First whorl 4.9-6.9 mm wide; subsequent whorls gradually increasing in size to the lower quarter of the shell, and then the remaining 2-3 whorls becoming narrower. Whorls sculptured with low, narrow, protracted, concave riblets that are about 1/5 the width of their interspaces; 62-85 riblets on penultimate whorl, 58-81 on fifth whorl and 39-52 on tenth whorl above the aperture. Upper ends of riblets connected at the shoulder by a wavy, spiral thread. Occasional specimens have sparse spiral striations between the riblets (most conspicuous in weathered shells and hardly distinguishable in fresh specimens). Axis (Figs. 44, 45) hollow, slightly less than half the width of the shell; with a wide evaginated ridge that begins at about 2-3 whorls below apical plug; ridge increasing in size and overhanging to become deeply concave along its lower wall in the last 3-4 whorls; ridge sculptures initially with indistinct ripples which in lower whorls gradually form into nodes and forward-directed overlapping leaves. Adult shell measurements are given in Table 10. The rate of growth of juvenile shells indicates that about 21-23 whorls are lost above the axial plug of the adult shell. Embryonic shell consisting of about 5.0 whorls. First whorl smooth, large and bulbous; next whorl slightly wider but lower, 1.6 mm wide; subsequent three whorls slightly shorter between THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MIXICO 163 TABLE 10.- Coelocentrum palmer Dall and Bartsch, 1908. Shell measurements of fourteen specimens from the Sierra de Cucharas, west of G6mez Farlas, Tamaulipas at 430 m alt (UF 193531), and of the LECTOTYPE (USNM 198083) and a LECTOPARATYPE (FMNH 62392). Abbreviations as in Table 1 (page 146). Specimen L W ApH ApW Wh RP R5 RIO UF 193531 63.3 12.5 8.0 7.6 17.0 62 66 50 51.3 13.9 7.6 8.2 13.0 67 64 39 50.0 12.5 7.0 8.2 13.0 68 80 49 49.8 12.8 7.8 7.6 11.3 59 79 46 47.2 12.8 7.6 7.8 12.8 69 81 45 46.7 12.4 7.2 7.0 12.7 85 58 39 46.6 13.8 7.7 8.5 11.8 43 46.5 12.5 7.0 7.5 13.0 81 71 43 46.5 12.3 7.0 7.1 12.8 63 64 51 44.6 13.0 7.0 7.4 12.8 72 64 50 42.8 12.2 6.7 7.3 11.5 65 66 39 42.0 13.5 8.7 8.4 11.0 74 89 52 17.0 9.5 9.0 Lectotype 51.1 14.7 9.0 8.2 13.0 82 70 50 Paratype 47.4 13.4 7.1 7.8 11.8 77 68 45 sutures and narrower in diameter, following whorls gradually increase in size to form a slightly concave spire. Second whorl with fine radial striations along upper suture. Sculpture on third and fourth whorl consisting of low but coarse grow- wrinkles along the upper suture. Subsequent juvenile whorls with fine, regularly spaced riblets that grade into the adult sculpture. TYPE LOCALITY.- Dall and Bartsch (in Dall, 1908) give Tamaulipas, Mexico as the type locality. The original label accompanying the lectotype states that it was collected at G6mez Farias, Tamaulipas by Edward Palmer; 14-15 April 1907. The type series consisted of five specimens, but no holotype was designated. LECTOTYPE by present designation: USNM 198083. This is the specimen figured by Dall and Bartsch (1908: pl. 29, fig. 2). Two LECTOPARATYPES are in the Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH 62392). Other type specimens cited by Dall and Bartsch could not be located. BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) DISTRIBUTION.- Known only from the Sierra de Cucharas, west of G6mez Farias, Tamaulipas, from 350-730 m altitude. This is a small mountain range that has an area of approximately 900 km sq. and lies due west of G6mez Farias and north of Ocampo. The range rises to a rolling plateau at about 1800 m with numerous isolated hills and peaks as high as 2200 m. The range is inhabited by several species of Coelocentrum representing two subgenera, Coelocentrum s. s. and Crossostephanus. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.- TAMAULIPAS. Sierra de Cucharas: G6mez Farias, 350 m alt. (UF 189680, UF 193534); east slope of Sierra de Cucharas W of G6mez Farias, 470 m alt. (23001'43"W, 99009'24"W) (UF 193531); 7 km by road W of G6mez Farias, 730 m alt. (23003'20"N, 99010'21"W) (UF 190972); road from G6mez Farias to Rancho El Cielo (Alta Cimas), 430 m alt. (UF 193535); G6mez Farias (USNM 198083, LECTOTYPE; FMNH 62392, LECTOPARATYPES). REMARKS.- This is the largest known species of Crossostephanus, and it columella is the most ornately sculptured of the subgenus. The measurements given in Table 10 encompass most of the variation we have seen in other samples. LITERATURE CITED Bartsch, P. 1906. The urocoptid mollusks from the mainland of America in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 31: 109-190; phs. 3-5. Dall, Wm H. 1897. New land snails from Mexico and New Mexico. Nautilus, 11: 61-62. Dall, W. H. 1908. Descriptions and figures of some land and freshwater shells from Mexico, believed to be new. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 35: 177-182; pis. 29-30. Frost, D. R. and D. M. Hillis. 1990. Species in concept and practice: herpetological application. Herpetologica, 46: 87-104. Martens, E. von. 1890-1901. Biologia Centrali Americana: 1-706; pls. 1-44. Pilsbry, H. A. 1903. Manual of Conchology, Ser. I, 15: 1-323; pls. 1-64. Pilsbty, H. A. 1909. New mollusks collected by Mr. A. A. Hinkley in San Luis Potosi, M6xico. Nautilus, 22: 138-140. Pilsbry, H. A. 1953. Inland MOLLUSCA of northern M6xico. II. Urocoptidae, Pupillidae, Strobilopsidae, Valloniidae and Cionellidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 105: 133-167; pis. 3-10. Solem, A. 1954. Notes on Mexican mollusks. I: Durango, Coahuila and Tamaulipas with description of two new Humboldtiana. Nautilus, 68: 3-10. Thompson, F. G. 1968. Some Mexican land snails of the family Urocoptidae. Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 12(3): 125-183. 164 THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MtXICO FIgure 1.- The distributions of Coelocentrum s. s. Pychodonta and Crossostephanus in Northeaster M6xico. BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) Figures 2-6.- Coelocentrum penion, new species. Figures 2-3.- Holotype, front and side (UF 190974). Figures 4-5.- Paratypes, front and side (UF 193540). Figure 6.- Paratype, opened shell showing axis (UF 193541). Figure 7.- Coelocentrum tanydeira Thompson, 1968. Holotype, side view (UF 19040). THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Figures 8-11.- Coelocentrum telescopium, new species. Figures 8-9.- Holotype, front and side views (UF 34493). Figures 10-11.- Paratypes, (UF 193539). Figures 12-15.- Coelocentrum brachyacron, new species. Figures 12-13 Holotype, front and side views (UF 159627). Figures 14-15 Paratypes (UF 193542). BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) Figures 16-19.- Coelocentrum ajfinis, new species. nlgures 16-17.- rront ana side views or nolorype (UF 159634). Figures 18-19.- Front view ofparatypes (UF 193543). Figures 20-21.- Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909. Paratypes (UF 50153). THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Figures 22-27.- Coelocentrum priosculptum, new species. Figures 22-23.- Front and side views of holotype (UF 159672). Figures 24-27.- Paratypes (UF 193538). BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) Figures 28-32.- Coelocentrum paucinoda, new species. Figures 28-29.- Front and side view of holotype (UF 193544). Figures 30-32.- Paratypes (UF 193545). Figure 33.- Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry, paratype (UF 50153). 170 THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUM FROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Figures 34-37.- Coelocentrum torosum, new species. Figures 34-35.- Front and side views ofholotype (UF 189695). Figures 36-37.- Paratypes (UF 193525). Figures 38-39.- Coelocentrum palmer Dall and Bartsch, 1908; (UF 193535). BULLETIN FLORIDA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY VOL 36(5) Figure 40.- Coelocentrum afinis, new species. Opened shell showing columella (UF 193543). Figure 41.- Coelocentrum torosum, new species. Paratype (UF 193525). Figures 42-43.- Coelocentrum hinkleyi Pilsbry, 1909. Paratypes (UF 50153). Figures 44-45.- Coelocentrum palmer Dall and Bartsch, 1908. Opened shells showing axis (193531). Figure 46 (next page).- Coelocentrum telescopium, new species, X14. Figure 47(next page).- Coelocentrum tanydeira Thompson, 1968 (UF 190410, X14. THOMPSON & CORREO: COELOCENTRUMFROM NORTHEASTERN MEXICO Figure 48.- Coelocentrum turris (Pfeiffer, 1856) (UF 190726), X14. Figure 49.- Coelocentrum palmer Dall and Bartsch, 1906. (UF 190972), X14. Figure 50.- Coelocentrum telescopium, new species. Paratype, juvenile shell (UF 193539). Figure 51.- Coelocentrum brachyacron, new species. Paratype, juvenile shell (UF 193542). Figure 52.- Coelocentrum priosculpta, new species. Paratype juvenile shell (UF 193538). Contributions to the BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, may be in any field of biology. Manuscripts dealing with natural history or systematic problems involving the southeastern United States or the New World tropics are solicited especially. Manuscripts should be of medium length--circa 35-200 pages (10,500-60,000 words). Examination for suitability is made by an Editorial Board. The BULLETIN is distributed worldwide through institutional standing orders and exchanges. It is considered the responsibility of the author to distribute his paper to all interested individuals. To aid in this, the authors) receives) 50 copies free, and he/she(they) may purchase additional separates at cost if ordered when page proof is returned. The author is also responsible for any charges incurred for alterations made by him on galley or page proofs. 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Manuscripts, all editorial matters, and requests for more detailed preparation instructions should be addressed to: Managing Editor of the BULLETIN Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-2035 U.S.A. Contact Us | Permissions | Preferences | Technical Aspects | Statistics | Internal | Privacy Policy © 2004 - 2010 University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries.All rights reserved. Acceptable Use, Copyright, and Disclaimer Statement Last updated October 10, 2010 - - mvs

subset: commoncrawl


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The Zodiac: Cosmic Sounds
|The Zodiac - Cosmic Sounds
|Studio album
|May 1967
|Psychedelic rock
Reissued by Water Records
|Alex Hassilev
|Professional ratings
|Review scores
The Zodiac: Cosmic Sounds (also known, less correctly, as either The Zodiac by Cosmic Sounds, or Cosmic Sounds by The Zodiac - the sleevenotes were unclear) was a collaborative concept album on the theme of the signs of the Zodiac. It was issued by Elektra Records in May 1967 and featured early use of the Moog synthesizer by Paul Beaver, with music written by Mort Garson, words by Jacques Wilson, and narration by Cyrus Faryar. It has been variously described as "a wonderful period piece"[2] and "apt to inspire more giggle fits than stoned, pull-the-shades-down reveries"[3]
The idea began in 1967 with Jac Holzman, the head of Elektra Records, which had just gained major success with The Doors' debut album. Holzman had the initial concept for the album, and hired Alex Hassilev, a member of The Limeliters, to produce it. Hassilev in turn brought in Mort Garson, with whom he had just formed a production company, to write the music. Hassilev and Garson had planned to do a series of concepts following Cosmic Sounds. Garson wrote music for one of the other intended albums, The Sea, but Rod McKuen, who was supposed to have been on the project, left and did his own version with Anita Kerr. Hassilev temporarily left the project to produce The Dusk 'Till Dawn Orchestra's Sea Drift album, which incorporated part of The Sea's intended theme.[4]
Garson brought together a mixture of musicians, most of whom were not credited on the album sleeve. Musician and electronic instrument collector Paul Beaver, who had done music effects for films, was chosen to perform on the Moog synthesizer on the album since he was one of the few people on the West Coast who knew how to set up and use the synthesizer at the time. Beaver and Moog went to the California Audio Engineering Society convention in 1967 to showcase the Moog Synthesizer for the first time on the West Coast.[5] Emil Richards, who had worked with such musicians as Frank Zappa, Marvin Gaye and Henry Mancini, was chosen to provide an assortment of percussive instrumental surprises throughout the album. Bassist Carol Kaye and drummer Hal Blaine, both top on-demand session musicians, were The Zodiac's rhythm section. Bud Shank, a top flute performer, and keyboardist Mike Melvoin were also used. Jacques Wilson wrote the album's narration, and folk singer Cyrus Faryar was chosen (suggested by Hassilev) to narrate over the album's exotic instrumentation.[4]
The album was released in May 1967. The sleeve, by artist Abe Gurvin and art director William S. Harvey (who had worked together at Nonesuch Records), featured a florid psychedelic design. On the back, in large purple letters, were written the instructions: "Must be played in the dark".
According to music critic Richie Unterberger:
Divided into 12 separate tracks, one for each astrological sign, it appeared just as both psychedelic rock and astrology itself were coming into vogue in the youthful counterculture. In some respects it was similar to other instrumental psychsploitation albums of the time, with a spacy yet tight groove that could have fit into the soundtrack of 1966 Sunset Strip documentaries, played in large measure by seasoned Los Angeles session musicians. In other respects, it was futuristic, embellished by some of the first Moog synthesizer ever heard on a commercial recording, an assortment of exotic percussive instruments, and sitar. The arrangements were further decorated by haunting harpsichord and organ, along with standard mid-1960s Los Angeles rock guitar licks. For those who took the astrology as seriously as the music, there was the dramatic reading of narrator Cyrus Faryar, musing upon aspects of each astrological sign in a rich, deep voice without a hint of irony.[4]
Garson collaborated with Wilson in 1968 on another concept album, The Wozard of Iz, on that occasion with producer Bernie Krause. Paul Beaver later collaborated with Krause on several albums. Garson later recorded several further LPs on individual zodiac signs, and became best known for composing music for National Geographic programming, though he did not, as sometimes repeated, compose its theme song.
In the liner notes for the 1997 Moody Blues compilation The Best of the Moody Blues, Justin Hayward named this album as an influence on the band's development going into Days of Future Passed.
Track listing[edit]
All lyrics written by Jacques Wilson
- "Aries - The Fire-Fighter" – 3:17
- "Taurus - The Voluptuary" – 3:38
- "Gemini - The Cool Eye" – 2:50
- "Cancer - The Moon Child" – 3:27
- "Leo - The Lord of Lights" – 2:30
- "Virgo - The Perpetual Perfectionist" – 3:05
- "Libra - The Flower Child" – 3:28
- "Scorpio - The Passionate Hero" – 2:51
- "Sagittarius - The Versatile Daredevil" – 2:06
- "Capricorn - The Uncapricious Climber" – 3:30
- "Aquarius - The Lover of Life" – 3:45
- "Pisces - The Peace Piper" – 3:19
- Cyrus Faryar – narration
- Paul Beaver – Moog and other electronic instruments
- Emil Richards – exotic percussion
- Bud Shank – bass flute
- Hal Blaine – drums
- Carol Kaye – bass guitar
- Mike Melvoin – keyboards
- Produced by Alex Hassilev
- Music written by Mort Garson
- ^ The Zodiac: Cosmic Sounds at Allmusic
- ^ Trevor J. Pinch, Analog Days: The Invention and Impact of the Moog Synthesizer
- ^ Answers.com
- ^ a b c Reissue liner notes by Richie Unterberger
- ^ Holmes, Thom (2008). Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture, New York, NY: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. ISBN 978-0-415-95782-3. Cf. pp. 214.


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As an Alabama home builder, Harris Doyle Homes has been excited to see the growth in the housing market since the beginning of 2013. We are excited to now offer more opportunities for buyers to purchase their dream home with the addition of 14 new home sites in our Birmingham community, The Cotswolds. Located directly across from the community pool and clubhouse, these single-family homes are perfect for buyers looking to get not only a beautiful home, but an active lifestyle.
Known as Stanton Court, this new sector of The Cotswolds will feature the same single-family home designs that have previously been offered. Standard exterior features of these homes include customized plans by distinguished architects, 30-year Dimensional roof shingles and a professionally designed landscape for each home site. Interiors are just as stunning with beautiful hard surface flooring, cove crown molding, gourmet kitchens with stained cabinets, granite countertops and stainless steel appliances, gas fireplaces (per plan) and luxurious owner's suites with spacious owner's bathrooms.
Residents will enjoy a state-of-the-art amenity package that includes the pool and clubhouse, as well as sidewalks that are perfect for an early morning run or evening stroll and a new playground that children are sure to love.
Conveniently located in unincorporated Jefferson County, homeowners at The Cotswolds enjoy easy access to all major thruways including Highway 280, I-459, I-20 and Highway 119. Additionally, popular dining, shopping, entertainment and recreations opportunities are all available nearby. As an extra bonus, living in unincorporated Jefferson County allows buyers to take advantage of low county taxes and Liberty Park's Private Sewer system.
Children at The Cotswolds receive an excellent education attending Gresham Elementary, Irondale Middle, Shades Valley High and Jefferson County International Baccalaureate schools.
Development at Stanton Court will continue throughout June and July with construction expected to begin in August. Nine Birmingham new homes have been reserved, so buyers must act fast in order to purchase a beautiful home at Stanton Court. For more information about The Cotswolds, call Diane Godber at 205-369-5583 or visit the Harris Doyle Homes website.


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A TED Talk for Your Sign
If you don't know about TED talks, you're in for a great surprise. TED is an acronym for Technology, Entertainment, and Design. It's a global program bringing people together to share ideas in every area and walk of life. Most of the talks present cutting edge ideas and are designed to make the listener think beyond his or her usual way of being. What TED Talk will inspire you into action, peace, or creativity? The suggestions below are among the most popular TED talks, selected to speak to your astrological predilections.
Aries: Tony Robbins: Why we do what we do. Aries, you have more powerful emotions than most, and with your limitless energy you are driven to action. Robbins explains that emotions are what help us create success.
Taurus: Pamela Meyer: How to spot a liar. Taurus, your senses are so keen and alert that no one can get away with lying to you. Meyer delves into how to catch a liar while she also reveals that we all tell lies several times a day. Taurus, this is a fascinating TED Talk about human behavior.
Gemini: Hans Roslings: The best stats you've ever seen. Your curious mind will be astounded by Roslings's stats about wealth, poverty, health, family planning, and the economy. Roslings explains how the world is changing with stats that prove his theories.
Cancer: Amy Cuddy: Your body language shapes who you are. This TED Talk offers wonderful information about body language, its meaning, and how it influences who we are. Cancer, your deep emotions often influence your body language, as you know. You can gain great insight from this information.
Leo: Mary Roach: 10 things you don't know about orgasm. Leo you'll get a real kick out of this TED Talk about orgasm. It might certainly help you in your own sexual pursuits as well. Bet you didn't know that an orgasm can cure hiccups.
Virgo: Brené Brown: The power of vulnerability. Virgo, if you must pursue perfection, try Brown's advice and allow yourself to be vulnerable. You'll either love or hate this TED Talk. (If you hate it, it's undoubtedly perfect for you.)
Libra: Dan Gilbert: The surprising science of happiness. Libra, no one can synthesize happiness as well as you. Your pursuit of harmony starts in your head and heart. You know how to make lemonade from lemons better than most. Gilbert explains how the brain, and not our experiences or things, actually controls our happiness levels.
Scorpio: Susan Cain: The power of introverts. Have you considered exploring how you relate with others:? Cain suggests that introversion is as necessary as extroversion—introverts need solitude to process their sensitive nature. She offers that quiet and introverted people are driven from within and not from the need to have attention.
Sagittarius: Jill Bolte Taylor: My stroke of insight. Sag, your love for metaphysics will find something very interesting in this TED Talk. Taylor, a neuroscientist, explores the brain and what happened when she had a stroke, losing her motor skills and memories, while maintaining her awareness of energy and human connection.
Capricorn: Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity? Capricorn, imagine your strong work ethic infused with a measure of creativity. Robinson suggests that schools are diminishing our children's natural creative urges. What say you Capricorn?
Aquarius: Cameron Russell: Looks aren't everything. Aquarius, this talk is out of the box in a way your thinking will truly appreciate. Russell gets to the core of the modeling industry and how being pretty and having thin thighs don't mean what we think they do. The human side of the modeling is revealed here.
Pisces: Elizabeth Gilbert: Your elusive creative genius. The author of Eat, Pray, Love, asks why our society believes that creativity is connected to suffering. Pisces, your creative nature will be inspired by this very wise talk.


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Blog Archives
Myths of Leadership Failure
These are the myths of leadership failure. My apologies but then…
Due respect to the leadership coach but I strongly disagree to these myths which negate optimism and pro activity in leading. If anything these are managerial mental failures which when harnessed under the regime of collaborative leadership can all be easily brushed aside.
Inability to Organize Detail This is the last of the leadership functions after you have approached your issues with systems approach. It is a managerial function of visualizing the innards of a problem which your technical and domain knowledge will give you. Don't begin with the details as a leader – that is a low end managerial function. First get the bigger picture straight and spell out your intent unambiguously after due deliberation with your team.
Unwillingness to Do what you ask of others This is true but not very important in a trusting team which has mutual confidence in each other. Trying to prove you can do it better may result in complacency or antagonism from the team. "You think you can do it better" starts inter personal rivalries. Yes the leader must put his shoulder to the wheel and demonstrate the capability to dirty his hands, when required, but as a routine let your team flower.
Expectation of Pay Knowing and doing can only be harmonized in a collaborative leadership environment. The word "they" should principally be corrected with "us or we" – then you will automatically rise to your level of competence. It is the leaders role to empower the team to transcend issues such as pay in favor of performance – pay would follow. Sack the leader if he can not measure up.
Fear of Competition This is the most misunderstood concept in leadership. Your leadership and its dedication is dependent on only one factor and that is your own out put. Leaders who perform unmindful of the competition and develop blue ocean strategies for their teams stand apart and do not have to worry about any competition – even from arch rivals in businesses or life functions.
The rest are academic issues which can be labelled under poor leadership skills and styles. Selfless leaders rise highest – others also run.
Choice is yours whether you want to follow point by point manuals or harmonize your larger construct as a leader transcending trivia. The day you develop the third eye to look with in and understand your own power – these one minute myths will not matter any more.
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- Leadership Qualities – what makes a good leader? Are they born or made? How do I develop these qualities? [John Kenworthy] (ecademy.com)


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Minuteman Press South Store
Hours Monday - Friday: 8:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Hours Monday - Friday: 8:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Hours Monday - Friday: 8:30 AM - 5:00 PM
By Eric Johnson | Minuteman Press
Every business owner works hard to increase the number of customers using their products and services. To do this, it takes a wide variety of marketing methods. Printed materials play a major role in these marketing strategies. There is a large variety of materials that can be used to get a business's message out. Making great marketing materials involves many techniques used in the printing industry. Let's learn about what is involved.
The quality of the materials you distribute to current and potential customers is dependent on the quality of the input and equipment producing your products. If a customer perceives a company as being professional there is a higher likelihood of them using your services; therefore, the appearance of the materials you distribute plays a vital role in their effectiveness. So, what goes into making materials appear in a way that makes them effective? A great place to start is Graphic Design. Graphic Design takes planning so the layout of the materials is done correctly. The use of templates is highly recommended during this process. Our Graphic Designers use them to ensure their design remains within the constraints of the piece being designed. For example, if we are designing a Brochure there is a template available to assist us in keeping your images and text within the panels that exist once the folding has been done.
Images capture the imagination of your audience. Caution: Images you see in your product are only going to be as good as the images you start with. If the image is drawn, such as a logo, we make sure the extension of the file is either .eps or .ai to ensure a Vector (mathematically formulated image) is being placed in your document. What is the purpose of that? If the image needs to be resized to fit the document it will retain its quality and not end up pixelated (fuzzy in appearance). If an image we are using is a photograph or clipart with a .jpg file extension, we start with a high resolution image.
Graphics is a term that not only relates to images, but text as well. Too much text can lead to difficulty in finding your contact information or a misconstruing of your message. Text size choices are important to make your message easy to read. Too many font sizes and types can take away from the professionalism of your marketing materials.
Once we have your project designed we are ready to move into production planning. One decision that needs to be made early in the process is color. There is a place for Black & White printing in some of your marketing materials. This can depend on a number of factors including the type of piece you need created. Again going back to the Brochure example, these are generally full of both text and images. Color will help get your Brochure noticed, bring out the images vibrantly, and as many studies have shown the reader will have better retention.
Paper choice is important for many reasons. If you are using Full-color in your printed materials you will want to choose a paper that avoids conflicting with the colors in the printing. A Newsletter that is printed in Black & White would look terrific on colored paper. The contrast can actually make the Black stand out in the document. Colored Paper being used with Full-color printing could take away from your message and images. Depending on the colors chosen, perhaps a White or Natural stock would make more sense. In addition to the standard Card Stocks or Text Stocks there are also many Specialty Papers available. Weight is something to consider for your project when choosing paper. The weight of paper is measured in Points or Pounds depending on the manufacturer. Typical stocks range between 20 Pound (common copy paper) and 130 Pound paper. Paper measured in points can go as high as 24 Point stock, which is rather thick.
Your project is really coming along nicely. After considering a couple more items your marketing materials will be ready for use. The next step is to put the design we created for you onto paper to see how it looks. Note: Proofing is an extremely important step in making great marketing materials. Digital Printing involves the use of CMYK Colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black).
Your Computer Screen displays colors using RGB Colors (Red, Green, and Blue) to display your project. If color is a major concern for your project then it may be wise to go to the Print Shop directly to see a Hard Copy of your artwork prior to approving it for production. The colors you see on your screen are not exactly what will print. Instead what you are seeing is how your Computer Screen interpreted those colors. Remember, every monitor is a little different in how it displays colors based on screen resolution settings, your particular video card, and other factors. You have approved your artwork; now let's get busy printing your materials.
We still have one last step to complete your marketing materials. Bindery is the finishing process that is done to your printed materials to help them look their best. A few of the Bindery Services we offer are:
|Coil Binding
|Comb Binding
|Die Cutting
|Foil Stamping
|Saddle Stitching


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forums. Why not in your area too?
Strawberries, raspberries, lily of the valley, day lilies, phlox, etc.
are all plants I've shared with my neighbors via my local online
community forum.
Heck, I am even swapping banana tree sprouts (I wintered them indoors)
for someone with Zone-busting bamboo in their yard thanks to a
connection made on my neighborhood forum.
* Plant Swap 2012 - Let's Grow Together
It is simple, if you have plants to share - just "reply to all" via
e-mail or add your text via the web site. You can even attach photos
like the one I just took with my phone of things I plan to share.
If you are seeking various plants from your neighbors, posting your
wish list has worked great too.
http://Wikipedia.org often has great links on specific plants if you
are trying to show people what something is that you have to offer (or
To see what's being shared across all our forums (and how cool
neighbors connecting with neighbors can be), try these searches:
Plant Swap:
With the idea of "community life exchange" new on many of our
neighbors/community forums, I encourage you to give it a try.
Let's make being connected online with neighbors fun, engaging,
and useful.
Steven Clift
P.S. One other search:
(For those who use Twitter, this (#plants) is a unique keyword or
hashtag, if you want your post to be easily found across neighborhoods
(and via Twitter where we feed subject lines too), we too can use
hashtags on our site.


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i dream about chickens and barnyards ALL THE TIME.
i've made up these creatures that are like a mix between goats and lizards. and they always make a very distinct sound and are always rude to me and always mixed in with the chickens and geese. terrifying. i looked them up on google and they aren't real.
another part of my dream...this boy had a crush on my boyfriend and was trying to figure out how to pursue him...i pretended i wasn't listening a. because i felt awkward and b. because it was a little bit funny.
I still haven't gotten new joanna newsom in the mail. just waiting and watching tiny willow stare into the fireplace. he looks about to pounce...willow and his obsession with movement. i hope he stays a kitten for a long time.
this is my favorite so far. maybe. i love them all.


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Hello everyone!
Now when the give-away waiting time is finally over it's time for me to announce the winner. But before we get to the exciting part, I want to make it clear how the winner was chosen so that no derp happens. I'm this kind of person who wants to give all participants an equal possibility to win instead of choosing the winner myself, based on my own friendship bond with said person. As this kind of "choosing" immediately makes it unfair towards the ones who I didn't get picked. So how did I choose the winner? Simple. Everyone who wrote a comment on the give-away post got a number from me depending on the order the participants posted. This means that the person who posted first got number 1, the second one got number 2 and so on, you got it. I count the amount of people who commented on the give-away post and input the number range I got from the comments -one number per person- to a random number generator on the Internet. When done, the number generator then randomly picks a number from the number range I gave to it and this is the number of this give-away's winner.
So who had the lucky number this time? *drumroll*
Participant number 1! Elina H!
I will contact the winner as soon as possible, so that we can arrange the shipping of the prize to you. But before I finish this post, I'd like to give a big warm thanks to everyone out there who participated in this give-away! Thanks all!
- If the winner of this give-away doesn't answer/contact me within one week (8th June at latest), the prize will go to someone else -
- If the winner of this give-away doesn't answer/contact me within one week (8th June at latest), the prize will go to someone else -
Bye bye for now!
Frozen Angel out.
Frozen Angel out.


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Finally, the truth has a venue!
Finally, the truth has a venue!
No idea how this came to be made, a quarter century after his passing by school kid? Maybe his grandson??
"The dogs bark but the caravan moves on."
.....................The Zengrifter Interview (PDF) | The Zengrifter / James Grosjean Reputation Debate-----------------------------------------Truth, like gold, is obtained not by growth, but by washing away all that is not gold. Leo Tolstoy........"Is everything a conspiracy? No, just the important stuff." ZG


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Bang & Olufsen of Yarm
Welcome to Bang & Olufsen of Yarm your local award winning store. Bang & Olufsen has prided itself in providing the very best in audio visual entertainment products for over 90 years. Here at Bang & Olufsen of Yarm we offer a professional specialised service and advice to ensure that you get the right product to enhance your on-the-go or home entertainment experience.
We invite you to visit us in the store to view the stunning design of our latest wireless speakers, the amazing possibilities of our multi-room, or the incredible movement of a BeoVision Avant, first hand. Feel free to visit us anytime during our opening hours or book a private in-store demonstration of your favourite product.
We always strive to raise the bar and exceed expectations when helping our customers. Why not pop in for a coffee and a chat, we are always here to help. We look forward to seeing you soon.


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James Munson from Enable your Enterprise
James has worked in business transformation since the 1990s. He is intimately familiar with user adoption roadblocks, and the vital role performance support plays in change management. See more from James in this short video.
This maximises the value of your technology investments, fosters user adoption and helps teams manage complex processes.
With PerformancePlus, you can:
Find out how PerformancePlus can help you get the most from your applications and processes, so you get more from your users.
A snap shot of how PerformancePlus will help users navigate complex transactions, processes and workflows.