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Write An Essay Describing The Laws Of Thermodynamics Khan
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In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment created by the physicistJames Clerk Maxwell in which he suggested how the second law of thermodynamics might hypothetically be violated.[1] In the thought experiment, a demon controls a small door between two chambers of gas. As individual gas molecules approach the door, the demon quickly opens and shuts the door so that fast molecules pass into the other chamber, while slow molecules remain in the first chamber. Because faster molecules are hotter, the demon's behavior causes one chamber to warm up as the other cools, thus decreasing entropy and violating the second law of thermodynamics.
Origin and history of the idea[edit]
The thought experiment first appeared in a letter Maxwell wrote to Peter Guthrie Tait on 11 December 1867. It appeared again in a letter to John William Strutt in 1871, before it was presented to the public in Maxwell's 1872 book on thermodynamics titled Theory of Heat.[2]
In his letters and books, Maxwell described the agent opening the door between the chambers as a "finite being". William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) was the first to use the word "demon" for Maxwell's concept, in the journal Nature in 1874, and implied that he intended the mediating, rather than malevolent, connotation of the word.[3][4][5]
Original thought experiment[edit]
The second law of thermodynamics ensures (through statistical probability) that two bodies of different temperature, when brought into contact with each other and isolated from the rest of the Universe, will evolve to a thermodynamic equilibrium in which both bodies have approximately the same temperature.[6] The second law is also expressed as the assertion that in an isolated system, entropy never decreases.[6]
Maxwell conceived a thought experiment as a way of furthering the understanding of the second law. His description of the experiment is as follows:[6][7]
... if we conceive of a being whose faculties are so sharpened that he can follow every molecule in its course, such a being, whose attributes are as essentially finite as our own, would be able to do what is impossible to us. For we have seen that molecules in a vessel full of air at uniform temperature are moving with velocities by no means uniform, though the mean velocity of any great number of them, arbitrarily selected, is almost exactly uniform. Now let us suppose that such a vessel is divided into two portions, A and B, by a division in which there is a small hole, and that a being, who can see the individual molecules, opens and closes this hole, so as to allow only the swifter molecules to pass from A to B, and only the slower molecules to pass from B to A. He will thus, without expenditure of work, raise the temperature of B and lower that of A, in contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics.
In other words, Maxwell imagines one container divided into two parts, A and B.[6][8] Both parts are filled with the same gas at equal temperatures and placed next to each other. Observing the molecules on both sides, an imaginary demon guards a trapdoor between the two parts. When a faster-than-average molecule from A flies towards the trapdoor, the demon opens it, and the molecule will fly from A to B. Likewise, when a slower-than-average molecule from B flies towards the trapdoor, the demon will let it pass from B to A. The average speed of the molecules in B will have increased while in A they will have slowed down on average. Since average molecular speed corresponds to temperature, the temperature decreases in A and increases in B, contrary to the second law of thermodynamics. A heat engine operating between the thermal reservoirs A and B could extract useful work from this temperature difference.
The demon must allow molecules to pass in both directions in order to produce only a temperature difference; one-way passage only of faster-than-average molecules from A to B will cause higher temperature and pressure to develop on the B side.
Criticism and development[edit]
Several physicists have presented calculations that show that the second law of thermodynamics will not actually be violated, if a more complete analysis is made of the whole system including the demon.[6][8][9] The essence of the physical argument is to show, by calculation, that any demon must "generate" more entropy segregating the molecules than it could ever eliminate by the method described. That is, it would take more thermodynamic work to gauge the speed of the molecules and selectively allow them to pass through the opening between A and B than the amount of energy gained by the difference of temperature caused by this.
One of the most famous responses to this question was suggested in 1929 by Leó Szilárd,[10] and later by Léon Brillouin.[6][8] Szilárd pointed out that a real-life Maxwell's demon would need to have some means of measuring molecular speed, and that the act of acquiring information would require an expenditure of energy. Since the demon and the gas are interacting, we must consider the total entropy of the gas and the demon combined. The expenditure of energy by the demon will cause an increase in the entropy of the demon, which will be larger than the lowering of the entropy of the gas.
In 1960, Rolf Landauer raised an exception to this argument.[6][8][11] He realized that some measuring processes need not increase thermodynamic entropy as long as they were thermodynamically reversible. He suggested these "reversible" measurements could be used to sort the molecules, violating the Second Law. However, due to the connection between thermodynamic entropy and information entropy, this also meant that the recorded measurement must not be erased. In other words, to determine whether to let a molecule through, the demon must acquire information about the state of the molecule and either discard it or store it. Discarding it leads to immediate increase in entropy but the demon cannot store it indefinitely: In 1982, Charles Bennett showed that, however well prepared, eventually the demon will run out of information storage space and must begin to erase the information it has previously gathered.[8][12] Erasing information is a thermodynamically irreversible process that increases the entropy of a system. Although Bennett had reached the same conclusion as Szilard's 1929 paper, that a Maxwellian demon could not violate the second law because entropy would be created, he had reached it for different reasons. Regarding Landauer's principle, the minimum energy dissipated by deleting information was experimentally measured by Eric Lutz et al. in 2012. Furthermore, Lutz et al. confirmed that in order to approach the Landauer's limit, the system must asymptotically approach zero processing speed.[13]
John Earman and John D. Norton have argued that Szilárd and Landauer's explanations of Maxwell's demon begin by assuming that the second law of thermodynamics cannot be violated by the demon, and derive further properties of the demon from this assumption, including the necessity of consuming energy when erasing information, etc.[14][15] It would therefore be circular to invoke these derived properties to defend the second law from the demonic argument. Bennett later acknowledged the validity of Earman and Norton's argument, while maintaining that Landauer's principle explains the mechanism by which real systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.[16]
Recent progress[edit]
Although the argument by Landauer and Bennett only answers the consistency between the second law of thermodynamics and the whole cyclic process of the entire system of a Szilard engine (a composite system of the engine and the demon), a recent approach based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics for small fluctuating systems has provided deeper insight on each information process with each subsystem. From this viewpoint, the measurement process is regarded as a process where the correlation (mutual information) between the engine and the demon increases, and the feedback process is regarded as a process where the correlation decreases. If the correlation changes, thermodynamic relations as the second law of thermodynamics and the fluctuation theorem for each subsystem should be modified, and for the case of external control a second-law like inequality[17] and a generalized fluctuation theorem[18] with mutual information are satisfied. These relations suggest that we need extra thermodynamic cost to increase correlation (measurement case), and in contrast we can apparently violate the second law up to the consumption of correlation (feedback case). For more general information processes including biological information processing, both inequality[19] and equality[20] with mutual information hold.
Real-life versions of Maxwellian demons occur, but all such "real demons" have their entropy-lowering effects duly balanced by increase of entropy elsewhere. Molecular-sized mechanisms are no longer found only in biology; they are also the subject of the emerging field of nanotechnology. Single-atom traps used by particle physicists allow an experimenter to control the state of individual quanta in a way similar to Maxwell's demon.
If hypothetical mirror matter exists, Zurab Silagadze proposes that demons can be envisaged, "which can act like perpetuum mobiles of the second kind: extract heat energy from only one reservoir, use it to do work and be isolated from the rest of ordinary world. Yet the Second Law is not violated because the demons pay their entropy cost in the hidden (mirror) sector of the world by emitting mirror photons."[21]
Experimental work[edit]
In the February 2007 issue of Nature, David Leigh, a professor at the University of Edinburgh, announced the creation of a nano-device based on the Brownian ratchet popularized by Richard Feynman. Leigh's device is able to drive a chemical system out of equilibrium, but it must be powered by an external source (light in this case) and therefore does not violate thermodynamics.[22]
Previously, other researchers[who?] created a ring-shaped molecule which could be placed on an axle connecting two sites, A and B. Particles from either site would bump into the ring and move it from end to end. If a large collection of these devices were placed in a system, half of the devices had the ring at site A and half at B, at any given moment in time.
Leigh made a minor change to the axle so that if a light is shone on the device, the center of the axle will thicken, restricting the motion of the ring. It only keeps the ring from moving, however, if it is at A. Over time, therefore, the rings will be bumped from B to A and get stuck there, creating an imbalance in the system. In his experiments, Leigh was able to take a pot of "billions of these devices" from 50:50 equilibrium to a 70:30 imbalance within a few minutes.[23]
In 2009 Mark G. Raizen developed a laser atomic cooling technique which realizes the process Maxwell envisioned of sorting individual atoms in a gas into different containers based on their energy.[6][24][25] The new concept is a one-way wall for atoms or molecules that allows them to move in one direction, but not go back. The operation of the one-way wall relies on an irreversible atomic and molecular process of absorption of a photon at a specific wavelength, followed by spontaneous emission to a different internal state. The irreversible process is coupled to a conservative force created by magnetic fields and/or light. Raizen and collaborators proposed to use the one-way wall in order to reduce the entropy of an ensemble of atoms. In parallel, Gonzalo Muga and Andreas Ruschhaupt independently developed a similar concept. Their "atom diode" was not proposed for cooling, but rather to regulate flow of atoms. The Raizen Group demonstrated significant cooling of atoms with the one-way wall in a series of experiments in 2008. Subsequently, the operation of a one-way wall for atoms was demonstrated by Daniel Steck and collaborators later in 2008. Their experiment was based on the 2005 scheme for the one-way wall, and was not used for cooling. The cooling method realized by the Raizen Group was called "Single-Photon Cooling," because only one photon on average is required in order to bring an atom to near-rest. This is in contrast to other laser cooling techniques which uses the momentum of the photon and requires a two-level cycling transition.
In 2006 Raizen, Muga, and Ruschhaupt showed in a theoretical paper that as each atom crosses the one-way wall, it scatters one photon, and information is provided about the turning point and hence the energy of that particle. The entropy increase of the radiation field scattered from a directional laser into a random direction is exactly balanced by the entropy reduction of the atoms as they are trapped with the one-way wall.
This technique is widely described as a "Maxwell's demon" because it realizes Maxwell's process of creating a temperature difference by sorting high and low energy atoms into different containers. However scientists have pointed out that it is not a true Maxwell's demon in the sense that it does not violate the second law of thermodynamics;[6][26] it does not result in a net decrease in entropy[6][26] and cannot be used to produce useful energy. This is because the process requires more energy from the laser beams than could be produced by the temperature difference generated. The atoms absorb low entropy photons from the laser beam and emit them in a random direction, thus increasing the entropy of the environment.[6][26]
Over the last 20 years macroscopic alternatives to Maxwell's Demon, known as Maxwell's Zombies, have been explored by a number of experiments worldwide.[27][28][29][30]
As metaphor[edit]
Daemons in computing, generally processes that run on servers to respond to users, are named for Maxwell's demon.[31] A machine powered by Maxwell's demon plays a role in Thomas Pynchon's novel The Crying of Lot 49.
Historian Henry Brooks Adams in his manuscript The Rule of Phase Applied to History attempted to use Maxwell's demon as a historical metaphor, though he misunderstood and misapplied the original principle.[32] Adams interpreted history as a process moving towards "equilibrium", but he saw militaristic nations (he felt Germany pre-eminent in this class) as tending to reverse this process, a Maxwell's demon of history. Adams made many attempts to respond to the criticism of his formulation from his scientific colleagues, but the work remained incomplete at Adams' death in 1918. It was only published posthumously.[33]
Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu incorporated Maxwell's demon into his work, "Raisons Pratiques" as a metaphor for the socioeconomic inequality among students, as maintained by the school system, the economy, and families.
The demon is mentioned several times in The Cyberiad, a series of short stories by the noted science fiction writer Stanisław Lem. In the book the demon appears both in its original form and in a modified form where it uses its knowledge of all particles in the box in order to surmise general (but unfocused and random) facts about the rest of the universe.
The demon is implied in Larry Niven's short story "Unfinished Story Nr 2", within the context of a world of magic, depending on local concentrations of 'manna', a prerequirement for magic such that magic is no longer possible after manna has been locally depleted.
The titular character in the webcomicAlice Grove (by Jeph Jacques) refers to herself and other characters with identical abilities as Maxwell's Demons. Through unexplained means, their bodies have been quantum-entangled with black holes, allowing them to shunt their personal entropy into those singularities. As such, they are capable of things considered impossible, including moving faster than humanly possible, surviving in total vacuum, and being impervious to most damage except when dealt by others of their type.
See also[edit]
- ^Cargill Gilston Knott (1911). "Quote from undated letter from Maxwell to Tait". Life and Scientific Work of Peter Guthrie Tait. Cambridge University Press. pp. 213–215.
- ^Leff & Rex (2002), p. 370.
- ^William Thomson (1874). "Kinetic theory of the dissipation of energy". Nature. 9 (232): 441–444. Bibcode:1874Natur...9..441T. doi:10.1038/009441c0.
- ^"The sorting demon Of Maxwell". Proceedings of the Royal Institution. ix (501): 113. 1879. Bibcode:1879Natur..20Q.126.. doi:10.1038/020126a0.
- ^Alan S. Weber (2000). Nineteenth Century Science: a Selection of Original Texts. Broadview Press. p. 300.
- ^ abcdefghijkBennett, Charles H. (November 1987). "Demons, Engines, and the Second Law"(PDF). Scientific American. 257 (5): 108–116. Bibcode:1987SciAm.257e.108B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1187-108. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
- ^Maxwell (1871), reprinted in Leff & Rex (1990) on p. 4.
- ^ abcdeSagawa, Takahiro (2012). Thermodynamics of Information Processing in Small Systems. Springer Science and Business Media. pp. 9–14. ISBN 978-4431541677.
- ^Bennett, Charles H.; Schumacher, Benjamin (August 2011). "Maxwell's demons appear in the lab"(PDF). Nikkei Science: 3–6. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
- ^Szilard, Leo (1929). "Über die Entropieverminderung in einem thermodynamischen System bei Eingriffen intelligenter Wesen (On the reduction of entropy in a thermodynamic system by the intervention of intelligent beings)". Zeitschrift für Physik. 53 (11–12): 840–856. Bibcode:1929ZPhy...53..840S. doi:10.1007/bf01341281. cited in Bennett 1987. English translation available as NASA document TT F-16723 published 1976
- ^Landauer, R. (1961). "Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process"(PDF). IBM Journal of Research and Development. 5 (3): 183–191. doi:10.1147/rd.53.0183. Retrieved November 13, 2014. reprinted in Vol. 44, No. 1, January 2000, p. 261
- ^Bennett, C. H. (1982). "The thermodynamics of computation—a review"(Submitted manuscript). International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 21 (12): 905–940. Bibcode:1982IJTP...21..905B. doi:10.1007/BF02084158.
- ^jobs (2012-03-07). "The unavoidable cost of computation revealed : Nature News & Comment". Nature.com. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- ^John Earman & John D. Norton (1998). "Exorcist XIV: The Wrath of Maxwell's Demon. Part I. From Maxwell to Szilard"(PDF). Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 435. Bibcode:1998SHPMP..29..435E. doi:10.1016/s1355-2198(98)00023-9.
- ^John Earman & John D. Norton (1999). "Exorcist XIV: The Wrath of Maxwell's Demon. Part II. From Szilard to Landauer and Beyond"(PDF). Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 30 (1): 1. Bibcode:1999SHPMP..30....1E. doi:10.1016/s1355-2198(98)00026-4.
- ^Charles H. Bennett (2002–2003). "Notes on Landauer's principle, reversible computation, and Maxwell's demon": arXiv:physics/0210005. arXiv:physics/0210005. Bibcode:2002physics..10005B.
- ^Hugo Touchette & Seth Lloyd (2000). "Information-Theoretic Limits of Control". Physical Review Letters. 84 (6): 1156–1159. arXiv:chao-dyn/9905039. Bibcode:2000PhRvL..84.1156T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1156. PMID 11017467.
- ^Takahiro Sagawa & Masahito Ueda (2010). "Generalized Jarzynski Equality under Nonequilibrium Feedback Control". Physical Review Letters. 104 (9): 090602. arXiv:0907.4914. Bibcode:2010PhRvL.104i0602S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.090602. PMID 20366975.
- ^Armen E Allahverdyan, Dominik Janzing and Guenter Mahler (2009). "Thermodynamic efficiency of information and heat flow". Journal of Statistical Mechanics. 2009 (9): P09011. arXiv:0907.3320. Bibcode:2009JSMTE..09..011A. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2009/09/P09011.
- ^Naoto Shiraishi & Takahiro Sagawa (2015). "Fluctuation theorem for partially masked nonequilibrium dynamics". Physical Review E. 91 (1): 012130. arXiv:1403.4018. Bibcode:2015PhRvE..91a2130S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012130.
- ^Silagadze, Z. K (2006). "Maxwell's demon through the looking glass". Acta Phys.Polon.B. 38: 101–126. arXiv:physics/0608114. Bibcode:2007AcPPB..38..101S.
- ^Serreli, V; Lee, CF; Kay, ER; Leigh, DA (February 2007). "A molecular information ratchet". Nature. 445 (7127): 523–527. Bibcode:2007Natur.445..523S. doi:10.1038/nature05452. PMID 17268466.
- ^Katharine Sanderson (31 January 2007). "A demon of a device". Nature. doi:10.1038/news070129-10.
- ^Raizen, Mark G. (June 12, 2009). "Comprehensive Control of Atomic Motion". Science. 324 (5933): 1403–1406. Bibcode:2009Sci...324.1403R. doi:10.1126/science.1171506. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
- ^Raizen, Mark G. (March 2011). "Demons, Entropy, and the Quest for Absolute Zero". Scientific American. 304 (3): 54–59. Bibcode:2011SciAm.304c..54R. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0311-54. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
- ^ abcOrzel, Chad (January 25, 2010). "Single-Photon Cooling: Making Maxwell's Demon". Uncertain Principles. ScienceBlogs website. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
- ^Čápek, V. and D.P. Sheehan, Challenges to the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Theory and Experiment); Vol. 146 in Fundamental Theories of Physics Series, (Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2005) ISBN 1-4020-3015-0.
- ^First International Conference on Quantum Limits to the Second Law, San Diego, CA, July 2002, AIP Conference Volume 643; Sheehan, D.P., ed. (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2002) ISBN 0-7354-0098-9.
- ^The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Foundations and Status, Special Issue of Foundations of Physics, (Vol. 37.12); Proceedings of AAAS Symposium, June 19–22, 2006, University of San Diego, CA (2007).
- ^Second Law of Thermodynamics: Status and Challenges, Proceedings of symposium at 92nd Annual Meeting of Pacific Division of AAAS, 14–15 June 2011, University of San Diego; AIP Conference Volume 1411; Sheehan, D.P., ed. (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2011) ISBN 978-0-7354-0985-9.
- ^Fernando J. Corbató (2002-01-23). "Take Our Word for It". Retrieved 2006-08-20.
- ^Cater (1947), pp. 640–647; see also Daub (1970), reprinted in Leff & Rex (1990), pp. 37–51.
- ^Adams (1919), p. 267.
- Cater, H. D., ed. (1947). Henry Adams and his Friends. Boston.
- Daub, E. E. (1967). "Atomism and Thermodynamics". Isis. 58 (3): 293–303. doi:10.1086/350264.
- Leff, Harvey S. & Andrew F. Rex, ed. (1990). Maxwell's Demon: Entropy, Information, Computing. Bristol: Adam-Hilger. ISBN 978-0-7503-0057-5.
- Leff, Harvey S. & Andrew F. Rex, ed. (2002). Maxwell's Demon 2: Entropy, Classical and Quantum Information, Computing. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-7503-0759-8.
- Adams, H. (1919). The Degradation of the Democratic Dogma. New York: Kessinger. ISBN 978-1-4179-1598-9.
- Vladislav Cápek & Daniel P. Sheehan (2005). Challenges to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Netherlands: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-3016-1.
External links[edit]
- Bennett, C. H. (1987) "Demons, Engines and the Second Law", Scientific American, November, pp108-116
- Binder, P.-M. (2008). "Reflections on a Wall of Light". Science. 322 (5906): 1334–1335. doi:10.1126/science.1166681.
- Earman, J. & Norton, J. (1998). "Exorcist XIV: The Wrath of Maxwell's Demon. Part I. From Maxwell to Szilard"(PDF). Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 29 (4): 435–471. Bibcode:1998SHPMP..29..435E. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(98)00023-9.
- Earman, J. & Norton, J. (1999). "Exorcist XIV: The Wrath of Maxwell's Demon. Part II. From Szilard to Landauer and Beyond"(PDF). Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 30: 1–40. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198(98) (inactive 2017-12-10).
- Feynman, R. P.; et al. (1996). Feynman Lectures on Computation. Addison-Wesley. pp. 148–150. ISBN 978-0-14-028451-5.
- Jordy, W. H. (1952). Henry Adams: Scientific Historian. New Haven. ISBN 978-0-685-26683-0.
- Khan, Salman. "Maxwell's Demon". [permanent dead link]
- Maroney, O. J. E. (2009) ""Information Processing and Thermodynamic Entropy" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Autumn 2009 Edition)
- Maxwell, J. C. (1871). Theory of Heat. , reprinted (2001) New York: Dover, ISBN 0-486-41735-2
- Norton, J. (2005). "Eaters of the lotus: Landauer's principle and the return of Maxwell's demon"(PDF). Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 36 (2): 375–411. Bibcode:2005SHPMP..36..375N. doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2004.12.002.
- Raizen, Mark G. (2011) "Demons, Entropy, and the Quest for Absolute Zero", Scientific American, March, pp54-59
- Reaney, Patricia. "Scientists build nanomachine", Reuters, February 1, 2007
- Rubi, J Miguel, "Does Nature Break the Second Law of Thermodynamics?"; Scientific American, October 2008 :
- Splasho (2008) – Historical development of Maxwell's demon
- Weiss, Peter. "Breaking the Law – Can quantum mechanics + thermodynamics = perpetual motion?", Science News, October 7, 2000


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by the IFT Food Microbiology Division
THE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY DIVISION of the Institute of Food Technologists has prepared the following guidelines for use by authors in preparing papers reporting food microbiology research data for publication in Journal of Food Science, as well as for use by reviewers when evaluating the suitability of such manuscripts for publication.
The supplementary instructions presented here are intended to help authors determine whether their work: (1) is suitable for publication in JFS, and (2) conforms to special JFS protocols, if the topic of the submitted manuscript is in one of the following areas: Engineering/Physical Properties, Foodservice, Fruits and Vegetables, Microbiology, Nutrition, Seafood, or Sensory Evaluation.
Primary information for authors preparing manuscripts for publication in the Journal of Food Science appears in the Author Information on this site, and in J Food Sci 67(9):3553 (2002).
In addition to information on instruments, reagents, experimental methods/design, and statistical treatment of data, the following information should be provided:
1. Describe microorganisms and culture conditions
Bacterial nomenclature should comply with "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names" (V.B.D. Skerman, V. McGowan, and P.H.A. Sneath, eds., 1989, Amer. Soc. for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.), and "Index of the Bacterial and Yeast Nomenclature Changes" (W.E.C. Moore and L.V.H. Moore, Eds., 1992, Amer. Soc. for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.).
Fungal nomenclature should conform as closely as possible with current literature. See "The Yeasts: A Taxonomic study" (N.J.W. Kreger-van Rij, eds. 3rd ed., 1984, Elsevier, New York, NY), and "Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, Including the Lichens" (D.L. Hawksworth, B.C. Sutton, and G.C. Ainsworth, 7th ed., 1983, Commonwealth Mycological Inst., Kew, Surrey, U.K.).
3. Methods for handling microorganisms and toxic chemicals [procedures and equipment for handling and disposal]
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CJ HenryCJ Henry is 26-year-old Australian artist who has been creating these jaw-dropping hyper-realistic pen drawings for two years now, but recently she got to the Olympus.
According to CJ, she says her journey as an artist began when she was at her lowest point knowing there was nothing to loose.
She said it takes about 100-200 hours to finish a drawing and the biggest part of it is structured craftsmanship instead of creativity.
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you can check out her instagram for more details and pictures :)


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Union threatens power station shutdown
Industrial action threatens to shut down one of Victoria's biggest power generators this Friday.
The Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) says it will shut down the Loy Yang B Power Station, in the Latrobe Valley, for 24 hours on Friday.
The power station supplies about 17 per cent of the state's energy.
The CFMEU and the generators owners, GDF Suez, have been at loggerheads for months over attempts to negotiate a new enterprise bargaining agreement.
Industrial action started in February, with the union cutting energy generation at the plant by 20 per cent a day for 12 hours.
The union's Greg Hardy says it will now step up industrial action, with a 24-hour strike on Friday which will cut power generation at the site.
"I would expect that would mean the station would be shut down," he said.
Mr Hardy says negotiations have reached a stalemate.
"I think if they view it with a fresh set of eyes perhaps they'd see the sense in agreeing," he said.
GDF Suez has not provided comment today.
Topics: industrial-relations, electricity-energy-and-utilities, unions, moe-3825, morwell-3840


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Archive for July 2014
Summer Lovin
Do you remember when you were in school and couldn't wait for summer vacation? I remember having all of these big plans, like hanging out at the pool or the local amusement park all summer with my friends. Lol. Big Plans!
I also remember my first job out of college. I remember feeling excited about summertime and I couldn't wait until Memorial Day, the unofficial start of summer… and then the following Monday, I had to report in to work. That's when it hit me, unless you're in education or a ski instructor, you really don't get a summer break.
The good news is that some of my employers in the past (I'm now self-employed) would adjust things to make summer more fun. Like casual days during the work week and 1/2 days on Fridays throughout the summer. Some days, I wonder what it would be like to live in France, where I hear they take the full month of August off.
I think for now, we just make the most of the summer days whether you're working in an office or from home. Try to eat lunch outdoors, if it's not unbearable. Take in a few summer concerts in the park. Take off early and lounge poolside for the second half of the day. Plug into some old school tv for nostalgia sake… enjoy some old classics with your kids, the other day we were singing a song from a kids radio station in the car and turns out it was from An American Tail, which my kids had never seen. No need to buy expensive movie tickets all summer, we have summer retro movie nights right at home. 🙂
I still love summer and experience the excitement of the season through my kids eyes as well.
Hope you're enjoying summer!


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As you plan your next holiday, are you looking for a destination that is both beautiful and offers a wide range of sustainable and responsible activities? Well look no further. We've compiled our top 10 list of countries that encourage responsible tourism practices. We hope you get to visit some of these amazing places in 2016.
Image by: Goran Hoglund
Bhutan has been number 1 on our must see list for years. Nestled in the mighty Himalayas between China and India, Bhutan only opened up to tourists in 1974. Being in such a "hot" tourist area you would think Bhutan would be overrun with tourists. Not so, because the Bhutanese have decided that they want low impact tourism. How do they achieve this? By charging tourists a daily $250 fee. Bhutan was the first country in the world to introduce the gross national happiness index. Charging the $250 fee is part of one of the happiness index pillars which are:
- Sustainable development
- Preservation and promotion of cultural values
- Conservation of the natural environment, and
- Establishment of good governance.
This is why Bhutan is so high up our list. The philosophy of the country and it's people are so close to ours. With stunning landscapes, incredible heritage and ultra friendly people, we hope to visit Bhutan ourselves sometime in 2016. Who would like to meet us there?
South Africa
Image by: Brian Snelson
Every year at the World Responsible Tourism Awards South African destinations and companies win lots of awards. Last year alone South Africa won 6 awards! It seems like there is a snowball effect going on. The more companies and tourist boards that are embracing responsible tourism the more other companies want to join in too. With incredible wildlife, stunning landscapes and fascinating culture, South Africa has to be high on your next place to visit list.
Costa Rica
Image by: Kansa Photo
Costa Rica is one of the world's leading countries when it comes to sustainable tourism. It is in the DNA of its people and with the fantastic greeting of "Pura Vida!" (meaning Pure Living, full of life) they seem to encapsulate what sustainable tourism is all about.
With two coastlines, rain and cloud forests and abundant wildlife, Costa Rica has it all when it comes to responsible adventure travel. There are lots of eco lodges you can stay in and a third of the country is National Park making Costa Rica a must see destination if you are interested in the natural world.
Image by: Krhessey
Ecuador is the size of the UK (i.e., not very big) but what it lacks in size it certainly makes up in diversity. Where else can you find snow-capped peaks, cloud and rain forests, jungle, mangrove lined coasts oh and the Galapagos Islands in such a small area?
Ecuador is big on doing things with locals. Almost all the guesthouses are owned and run by locals where the food is almost 100% local produce. Many of these guesthouses are eco and are run in the correct manner when it comes to environmental issues. As in most countries there are battles going on in Ecuador with big business and government trying to change parts of the constitution to serve their needs. The best way we can make the good guys win is by staying with companies that practice responsible tourism, showing businesses that you still can make money by doing things the right way.
Image by: Sigfrid Lundberg
If you google Responsible Tourism in Sweden, a huge range of companies appear in your search results. This is a country that enjoys its nature no matter what the weather. They say Sweden is full of calm people and wild weather which sounds accurate.
From the chilly Arctic north to the vast forests that dominate the country (Sweden is 70% forest!) this is a destination that the most intrepid explorer will find satisfying. Us Europeans tend to forget that we have some amazing nature and wildlife on our doorsteps. Sweden is the perfect case in point.
Image by: Gregory Smith
If you ask most conservationists which African country is doing the most for sustainable tourism their answer would be Botswana. It's one of Africa's last wildernesses with migration routes free from fences and farmland, allowing the animals to roam freely.
Botswana has more than 100,000 elephants, more than anywhere else in the world. A fifth of its landmass is nature reserves and the huge quantity of wildlife makes spotting those once in a lifetime moments a little more easier here. Recently news came of the government selling some space in a national park to a fracking company. We pray this never happens. For years Botswana has been the shining example in Africa on how to preserve and protect wildlife. Let's make sure they keep up the good work.
Image by: David Stanley
Aruba recently won the silver award for best destination for responsible tourism. The country's vision is to be free from fossil fuels by 2020 which is an amazing initiative when you consider tourism is the main income of the island. Since 2012 fuel costs for the islanders have dropped by 15% as the country invests in solar and wind power.
With more and more hotels practicing in responsible tourism and scenes like that above, if you are considering visiting the Caribbean in 2016 make sure Aruba is your island.
Image by: Tobias Van Der Elst
Like Aruba above, Cyprus also got a silver award at the world responsible tourism awards. The island is taking some serious steps to make the country more sustainable, no easy feat with a population of 2.4 million.
All hotels 3* and above, plus tourist villages and apartments have to have to attain sustainability ratings. This is not just about towel usage and lightbulbs, this is a proper assessments from the tourism authority. So for the hotels to keep their star rating they have to show their energy and water use, employment conditions for their staff, the tours they offer and how much local produce they buy. The hotels should be encouraging their guests to go on hikes, bike rides and visit local markets. We think it is a brilliant initiative and one that should be replicated worldwide.
Image by: Jonatas Cunha
Forget the 2016 Rio Olympics, 2016 should be the year of Responsible Tourism in Brazil. Brazil has half the world's rainforests. They are literally the lungs of the planet soaking up the carbon we produce to live our daily lives.
Brazil is a land of extremes. We all know about the deforestation of the Amazon rain forest, and yet there are many many people in government, the tourist industry and businesses that want to protect and promote Brazil's natural heritage in the right way.
From wildlife holidays to tours in the big cities, there are many companies and organisations that can provide these trips responsibly. Like I said before, the more we all use these companies the more other companies will follow down the responsible tourism route.
I recently had a fantastic weekend in Wales and was happy to see companies and the tourist board taking Responsible Tourism seriously. Wales has stunning scenery, family run eco accommodation and a world-famous national park in Snowdonia.
Wales is the land of adventure with sea kayaking, coasteering, trekking and mountain biking to name but a few. Who said responsible tourism is boring?
So there is our top 10 eco countries to visit in 2016. Which country did we leave out that you are passionate about? Please join the conversation in the comment section below.
Please Pin Me!
If you liked this post you might also like:
Mesmerised by the wild elephants in Kaudulla National Park, Sri Lanka – If you want to observe Elephants, then there is no better place than in their natural habitat.
10 reasons why we don't swim with Dolphins in captivity – Read why we refuse to swim with Dolphins held against their will.
Paul Farrugia is a an avid traveller and blogger. When he is not travelling he likes to spend his free time reading, going to festivals and sitting down enjoying a nice glass of red! If you would like to reach him send him an e-mail to [email protected]


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i love when i have a calendar full of the best things to look forward to.
makes for a much happier monday morning. and i'm about to fill up yours, too...
this tuesday you'll find me out on the columbia river soaking in the sweet sounds of the beautiful sarah sample and her guitar. marilyn is doing her very best to bring good music to the tri-cities and this show is sure to send me home happy and anxious for the next. i'm leaving the babes home with andrey and a pizza, so that i can enjoy the evening. i'll be out under the sliver of moon, singin' born to fly. wanna come? let's go together. get your ticket here. hurry!
and thank you to my dear friend, marilyn for trusting my art/heart. the time spent designing this poster for the show was a much needed creative purge. i loved it.
i'm going to make gavi a quilt.
for his own space.
this dandee post and that quilt got stuck in my brains
and i've got a pinterest board full of inspiration.
...that's as far as i've gotten.
kristin has her colors picked, but no plan.
solution: girl's night. my house. with experts on hand.
this thursday. please come!
email me if you need directions.
happy monday, friends!
love, lin


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Comical Processing: You Write The Cartoon Caption Winner October 4, 2009
Congratulations to Wayne Maceyka. Wayne submitted the winning caption to the Comical Processing cartoon. A new cartoon has been posted.
"Comical Processing," features drawings by award-winning cartoonist Jerry King. It's our way of letting you take a break from all the serious stuff you deal with at work — by coming up with appropriate light-hearted captions.
Unfortunately we installed Windows Vista, so that's pretty much all it can do.
Honorable Mentions
"I didn't realize I would get this when I asked management for Advanced Process Control." Submitted by K. Sahasranaman; Mumbai, India
"Wait, weren't there two of them?" Submitted by Jory Schossau
"I shall be master of the world - er, just as long as there aren't any stairs." Submitted by Rob Falconer; Lakeland, Fla.
Click here to see the current Comical Processing cartoon.
Other Submissions
" I don't think I'm gonna get the H1N1 vaccination after all . . . " Submitted by Daniel Gaba; Cleveland, Ohio
"I am the Laplace Transformer." Submitted by K. Sahasranaman; Mumbai, India
"Where is the on button?" Submitted by anonymous, Marathon Oil Co.
"I can't believe it! They left out the cup holder!" Submitted by Mark Stidham; San Diego, Calif.
" Hope he won't ask extra wages and do strike in the company." Submitted by Parthasarathi Subramanian; Chennai, India
"Does this happen to every project with Marketing?Submitted by Jory Schossau
" We're gonna send this Alien along with the US troops to Afganistan." Submitted by Parthasarathi Subramanian; Chennai, India
"This is the new alien that the NASA scientist brought from the space."Submitted by Parthasarathi Subramanian; Chennai, India
"Terminator 4 part is going to launch. Arnold is inside the mask." Submitted by Parthasarathi Subramanian; Chennai, India
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Sailesh Bolisetti and teammate Phil Glew battled a rain-slick circuit in Oulton Park to come out in second in Round 1 of the British GT. Here's how it happened.
By Sailesh Bolisetti
After putting in some solid sessions behind the wheel of the Lotus Evora GT4 at Oulton Park last month, I could barely wait to return for the race weekend just 10 days later. I was brimming with anticipation and busy playing out various scenarios in my head for days on end; thinking what the race would be like, how the qualifying would go and of course, doing endless virtual laps of the circuit even while driving in choc-a-bloc Vizag traffic!
But it so turned out that all those scenarios and virtual laps were relegated to the dustbin once the race weekend arrived good and proper.
In fact I had a little pre-race adventure of my own, as an appetiser for the race weekend even before I could get to Cheshire (where Oulton Park circuit is based). It involved a missed domestic connection, one clueless immigration agent and 12 hours at the Mumbai airport!
Long story short, I arrived at Heathrow barely 12 hours ahead of my first-ever official practice session in British GT. And I still had a 300km+ drive ahead as I was staying near the circuit. The team informed me that it had been raining through Friday too, so it was a nightmare full house!
I somehow managed to catch a few winks before getting to the circuit nice and early since our session was scheduled at 7.30am. My body was still figuring out the time difference, the jet lag made worse by the 'The Terminal'-sque stint at Mumbai airport.
And torrential rain was pounding the circuit!
Everything was so stacked up against me that I could do nothing but laugh.
Anyway, we got on with the programme. It was my first time on the wet tyres, and the full circuit as during my test I only drove on the shorter 'Fosters' layout.
My teammate Phil Glew was again at hand to help me out, as the wet lines at Oulton Park are completely different from dry. So I quickly got used to the car characteristics on wet tyres and improved considerably throughout the session, which turned out great in retrospect as little did we know that the weather wouldn't let up till race day.
During second practice, the track was still damp but deemed good for slicks. With conditions improving, I was able to go much faster and was getting into the groove. By the time the second session ended, I was confident of my pace and looking forward to qualifying.
And that's when it all went wrong!
Now the British GT format includes two qualifying sessions, the results of each deciding grid position for the each of the two races.
So the qualifying sessions are short, just 15 minutes each; enough to warm up, find a gap in traffic and nail a couple of laps. But even before I could find a gap, the car wasn't working too well, much worse than what it was in wet practice. I couldn't break harder or turn sharper. There was a lot of vibration and there seemed to be no grip. I wasn't sure what was wrong, and was more worried since the clock was counting down. In the end I could do no better than fourth on the grid, and was confused even after I came into the pits at the end of qualifying.
After looking at the data and listening to my description, the team informed me that I hadn't been able to get the brakes and tyres into the operating temperature window.
Why? It was simple. Because I didn't know how.
The problem was in the fact that in all sessions before this, Phil took the wheel first, did the job of warming up the car and doing a few laps to set a benchmark before handing it over to me. Relieved of this 'warm-up' ritual, I was blissfully unaware of the procedures required while taking the wheel for an opening stint. Anyway, there was no point crying over spilled fuel, and we decided to make the best of the situation and hope for a good race from fourth.
The races were scheduled on Monday instead of Sunday, as the church in the county overpowers everything else, hence no racing is allowed on Sunday. Beat that! So it was nice, relaxed Easter Sunday in British countryside, but my head was abuzz with activity. The forecast wasn't encouraging, the rain would return in full force for the race. So it was felt good knowing that I had completed some wet running. I was most concerned about the rolling start, well because, I had never done one before. Karters are familiar with the art, but I had nothing but some basic instructions from Phil to go on.
So as we got the green flag, I managed to nail the start while the rain got intense. I could see a few cars going off in the opening laps. It was a long race, and I told myself not to throw it away. So, I was trying to keep all wheels on the black stuff and keeping my nose out of trouble, of which there was plenty. It was easier said than done though, since the bunched-up GT3 cars were throwing up an awful amount of spray and I had to basically follow their taillights at a distance. It was all working well until the safety car was deployed in the 23rd minute after one of the GT3 cars stopped on the circuit. For us, the timing couldn't have been worse as the safety car came up right after the first GT4 car, giving them an extraordinary edge over everyone. I had to hand over the car to Phil (two drivers share a car, remember?) and we were already in the pitstop window (between 25th and 35th minute). To make it worse, a few GT3 cars had pitted during the safety car period and were now behind us. I knew on the restart, with them being much faster, we'd all end up on the same piece of racetrack, and I wouldn't get a chance to pass the GT4 cars ahead.
On restart, that's exactly what happened.
The GT3 cars literally bullied us out of the way. I had to go off the racing line to let a bunch of them through and lost quite a few seconds in the process. I finally came in after 30 minutes to hand the car over to Phil. The pit crew was excellent, and we actually made some time in the stops. Phil obviously revels in conditions like this so he put in a quick, strong stint and we ultimately finished second.
We were then looking at a dry race two, until a few minutes from the start when heavens opened up on the formation lap. This time though, it was Phil who would start the race, having secured pole position in his qualifying session on Saturday. Throughout his stint, Phil was sparring with the Ginetta of Fannin, and he was managing to keep him off. When he came into the pits, we were separated by just 2.3 seconds. The rain had intensified in the meantime, which made my task of keeping Fannin – a highly experienced former BTCC driver – tougher. In fact the conditions seemed worse than race one.
It was really close at times and of course I knew he was vastly more experienced when it came to stuff like where the grip lies in the wet. I defended the position for as long as I could, but he eventually got past. I thought of challenging him, but I realised it was better to settle for second rather than take it one too far and put it in the barriers to wipe out a weekend's worth of good work in one single stroke. With two podium finishes on debut and some good points – I can't really complain. Of course winning on debut is a dream but I'll settle for now, and look at the championship ahead.
Our next stop is the Green Hell – the Nurburgring on 17th May, we are running as the support race to the 24-hour race there. That is going to be one epic weekend!


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Badrutt's Palace Sponsors Polo World Cup The Luxury Hotel participates with own polo team & VIP hospitality tent
Four teams, six nations, 17 world-class polo players meet in Baku, Azerbaijan for the CBC Sport Arena Polo World Cup from 9th to 11th September 2016.
As the official polo hotel in St. Moritz, Badrutt's Palace is once again the sponsor of the Polo World Cup and has its own team at the legendarySnow Polo World Cup St. Moritz in winter 2017. This year, for the first time, they are also competing to win the Grass Arena Polo World Cup Azerbaijan with the Badrutt's Palace Hotel team. Other teams include "Gilan Holding" from Azerbaijan, "Bogner" from Spain, and "Italdizain Group" from Argentina.
The event is a good reason for Yves Gardiol, General Manager of Badrutt's Palace Hotel, and his eight-strong hotel crew to experience the contrast in Baku live and first hand – the glamorous spectacle on grass in a warm summer climate – and to forge joint collaborations. "We want to arouse the passion in the Baku guests for winter and the Snow Polo World Cup in St. Moritz, and hopefully be able to welcome some of them in St. Moritz next year", adds Yves Gardiol.
From authentic to manifold, from Swiss specialities to tempting Palace classics, Badrutt's Palace Hotel is also supporting the Polo Match Arena in Baku with VIP catering and a hospitality tent on site. The Badrutt's Palace hospitality tent, the nine-strong Palace team and the delicious Swiss gourmet treats all ensure presence in Baku, promoting the champagne climate of St. Moritz and its exclusive events such as the Snow Polo World Cup St. Moritz which takes place again in St. Moritz from 27th to 29th January 2017.


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|Test Shuts Off...
|NCLEX FAQ's
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~You may or may not know, I didn't pass the NCLEX my first time~
Dear Graduate Nurse:
Hello, let me start by saying that I know you are very hurt right now and somehow taking solace in the fact that other people have failed too, is not much comfort. Now you have to wait to take your boards again. Do I have the picture right at all? If I do, let me say you must pull yourself together my friend. Truth of the matter is that a lot of nurses fail their boards. They just don't tell anyone. All you hear about is how how straight to the point the boards were and how they passed the first time this is what is adding to your depression. Cheer up my friend. I too did not pass my boards. I took the boards not once, not twice, but three times. I wish someone would have given me the advice I am about to give you but I learned by trial and error. Nerves you know---excellent people person but not a good test taker. I studied my butt off. All told, I went through 7000 practice questions and took a Review Course but alas, to no avail until I finally calmed down, I passed my boards.
Here are some tips on passing the NCLEX for your next try. The other thing that is important to do, is to stay positive. I know this is hard to do when all of your friends have passed and they are all working. But remember that everything happens for a reason. Do something constructive. I started this website and my own NCLEX Scholarship at my local college where I graduated. You must remember that while anger is part of the grieving process, it will do no good to want to kill the administrators of the NCLEX test! Keep you chin up. Be positive and try again. Start studying again after you have given yourself a week or two to get over this disappointment.
By now, you are emotionally drained with no more finances. If you do nothing else, I recommend these three books because they helped me to pass the nclex on my third try:
Kaplan: NCLEX-RN 5th Edition 2001 - 2003. This book is very fast and very easy reading. The book outlines 10 different stratigies to answering ANY and ALL types of NCLEX questions. Very, very informative, the chapters are well written and very easy to understand. The CD-ROM has 180 questions that are similar to what you will see on the NCLEX, and it gives you a detailed analysis of your performance to determine your weaknesess. The book also contains a practice test of 265 questions. Answers and rationales are in the back of the book also. Chapter 8 ia all about delegating and prioritizing. It is a short chapter and I put it up on my site for free. Click here now to view the chapter in it's entirity. I truly believe between the book and my quizzes, you will pass the NCLEX!
FIRST AID FOR NCLEX-RN by Appleton and Lange. It gives you tips on how to study, key words on tests, ect. It also rates what books are good to study from and what books are not. So I believe it would be beneficial to check this book out. It covers all important areas with a special focus area. It is broken into categories which enables the person to retain the information. In addition, the MEDS section is well put together, it gives the side effect and nursing implementations.
LIPPINCOTT'S REVIEW FOR NCLEX RN Nursing review with more than 3,000 questions and rational for correct and incorrect answers. Includes a comprehensive practice exam and a diskette with an additional 100 questions. The book is broken into different clinical areas so you can concentrate on your weak area and not spend too much time on areas you are most comfortable with. I have used other books by other authors, but Lippincott's is by far the best because it is the one designed most like the NCLEX. The rationale accompanies both wrong and correct answers so you get a better understanding of the material. The test on disk is also formatted like the CAT test you will see on your testing day. This will help relieve your computer anxiety by allowing you practice before you get to the testing site. This is definitely the book to buy to study for NCLEX-RN. You won't regret purchasing this study aide. I bought this book after my second attempt at the NCLEX, and I passed!
In closing, although I relize this is no help to you now, Nationally, there is only a 68% passing rate on the NCLEX so you are in good company. I know all you hear about is people that have passed the test. I mean, who in their right mind would plaster the fact that they failed all over a web site? Fact is, I get emails every day from colleges and individuals about failing the boards. You have to get back on the horse that has thrown you and try again. One way to help you get through this is to visit the forums I have available here and talk to others who have failed. These individuals will help you in a non-judgemental, caring environment!
When you finally do pass, don't forget to help someone else. We are all here for each other. That is what makes the world go around .....
You grow by responding positively to change.
Growth means change and change involves risks when
stepping from the known to the unknown.
Your strength and growth will come only
through continuous effort and struggle.
All your growth depends on activity.
There is no development without effort.
Trouble is the common denominator of living.
It is the great equalizer.
Your trials, your sorrows and your grief's will develop you.
Whatever good or bad fortune comes your way,
you can always give it meaning
and transform it into something of value.
Wealth is nothing, position is nothing, fame is nothing.
Who you become inside is everything.
What happens is not as important as how you react to what happens.
TranslateThis Site Now!~
I know this site has been a help to you so I have created a page that you can print out and hang in a public place or give to your friends. Do a kind deed today. Tell your fellow nurse and future nurse about this site. Click here for a print out. [Will fit on one 8 by 10 page] visitors since 6/18/01


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Last night we made homemade pizza (still using that free breadmaker, Grams and PaPa!)- and helped from start to finish! She helped roll the dough (more of a poke & pound, but whatever), spread the sauce, and sprinkle the cheese. Then she watched me put it in the oven and take it out in awe... I thought it might increase her appetite a bit for dinner- but it didn't. But we sure had fun making a big to-do about "Ada's homemade pizza!"
Then I walked into Ada's bathtime (which she enjoys with Casey while I either bathe myself or do random chores), and I totally thought this was picture/blog worthy... she looks like Cindy-Loo-Who!


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Wednesday, November 24, 2010
Two council meetings in one night
The routine Council meeting had, apart from the usual business, a badly worded motion from the Labour group condemning the coalition government's fiscal policies and proposing that Stockton Council should write and protest about them to the Prime Minister. It was a lively debate, though much of it wandered off the subject and descended into a general rant about how dreadful Conservatives are. What saddened me was how many councillors didn't read the motion. To condemn the whole Fiscal policy on the grounds that it hurt the poorest was to condemn the increase in the threshold for income tax, the index linking of pensions, the extra help towards fuel bills for the elderly, the increase in the child element of tax credits and so on and so on. But blindly, they voted for the motion and against all these positives. And not just Labour, but the leader of the Billingham Independents and both of the Ingleby Barwick Independent councillors for Ingleby Barwick East, one of whom is chair of the Children & Young People Select Committee. How they could vote against help for the low paid is beyond me.
Suzanne Fletcher made very clearly the point about coalition being compromise and no-one wanting to be in the position we are in now, but we need to move forward to get out of it and how Lib Dems will continue to work for the people who need us to do that.
After losing that motion a second one on specific grant cuts and their unfair impact on the North East, including Stockton, was passed unanimously. And that one stands a chance of being heard, because the same message is going from most of the councils in the region along with the regional Lib Dems.
2 comments:
So, are you telling us that Stockton borough council wasted an entire evening, and the public costs involved, on a motion to condemn a national government policy. A policy that has nothing whatsoever to do with the local council. Stop wasting your time, and my money, on things that do not concern you. You were all elected to run Stockton, not the United Kingdom. Do your jobs, and leave the politics to the professionals. The people of Stockton have already voted for their government, so why wont you all just get on with the job that the people of stockton have empowered you with.
- 3:51 pm
- Maureen Rigg said...
I agree totally. However, I tried to get this motion barred under the constitution but was overuled by the Mayor on the advice of the legal officer so the debate went ahead.
To be fair - it wasn't the whole meeting. The routine business was all about Stockton.
- 5:55 pm


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December 3, 2018
Four Ways to Boost Marketplace Transaction Volumes During the Holiday Season and Beyond
Kahuna Named 2014 Red Herring Top 100 North America Winner http://t.co/1hbba7mHAO via @YahooFinance
— Kahuna (@kahuna) May 21, 2014
Palo Alto, CA — May 21, 2014 — Kahuna, the leading marketing automation company for mobile, today announced that Red Herring named Kahuna a 2014 "Top 100" award winner. The Red Herring Top 100 recognizes the leading private companies and their innovations and technologies across the Americas. Past Red Herring Top 100 winners include Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yahoo, Skype, Salesforce.com, YouTube, Marin Software, Palo Alto Networks and eBay. Kahuna was selected from approximately 3,000 promising tech startups based on its record of dramatically increasing mobile engagement and revenue for businesses while enhancing the consumer experience.
Kahuna has developed a powerful Engagement Engine that enables mobile marketers to automatically understand each customer and deliver the right personalized message, at the right time, on the right device. With a host of innovative features, such as Revenue Tracking and AtoE Testing, Kahuna helps marketers target consumers with unprecedented specificity so that messages have the highest impact. Customers include Yahoo, 1-800-Flowers, and the New England Patriots.
"In 2014, selecting the top 100 achievers was by no means a small feat," said Alex Vieux, publisher and CEO of Red Herring. "In fact, we had the toughest time in years because so many entrepreneurs had crossed significant milestones so early. But after much thought, rigorous contemplation and discussion, we narrowed our list down from hundreds of candidates from across North America to the top 100 winners. We believe Kahuna embodies the vision, drive and innovation that define a successful entrepreneurial venture. Kahuna should be proud of its accomplishment, as the competition was very strong."
Red Herring's editorial staff evaluated companies on both quantitative and qualitative criteria, such as financial performance, technological innovation and intellectual property, management quality, business model, customer footprint and market penetration. This assessment of potential is complemented by a review of the track record and standing of startups relative to their sector peers, allowing Red Herring to see past the "buzz" and make the list a valuable instrument of discovery and advocacy for the most promising new business models in North America.
About Kahuna
Palo Alto-based Kahuna takes the guesswork and heavy lifting out of mobile marketing, allowing marketers to send hyper-targeted, automatically personalized push messages that dramatically increase conversion on mobile. The Kahuna Engagement Engine is available for iOS, Android, PhoneGap and Mobile Web. Kahuna was founded in 2012 and is funded by Sequoia Capital.


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In celebration of Pentecost, this blog conversation has moved to its' own home on the internet. Please make a note of it, and tell all your friends (and enemies)!
In celebration of Pentecost, this blog conversation has moved to its' own home on the internet. Please make a note of it, and tell all your friends (and enemies)!
In the town where I was growing up, there was a gritty, goth-flavored coffee shop on the main drag named In the Company of Wolves Cafe. Having been brought up right in the conservative evangelical tradition, I was careful to steer clear of the pierced, tattooed, androgynous X-ers who frequented that little patch of sidewalk, choosing instead to cross to the other side and hope to God I wouldn't be taunted or teased for my religiosity. If that were to happen, I would have to defend my pride faith using whatever tools had been handed down to me by the God Police; to prove both the rightness of my religious persuasion, and the velocity with which they, on the other hand, were hurtling toward hell.
The cafe has since lost its' lease in the larger scheme to gentrify the neighborhood by pushing in franchise productions. It was replaced by a high-end antique store and a St.Arbucks popped up magically across the street. What was lost, however, was not merely a hip, independent coffee house to the inevitability of big business. On a different, more personal level, I lost the freedom inherent in discovering the raw, untamed love of a Creator-God, the beauty of truly believing that he will remain within me as I remain within him in a powerful and present way. I lost my religion to the cultural apprehension and insecurity of an American brand of Christianity that didn't really know what to do with the street-level manifestations of a philosophical postmodern shift. Not knowing what to do, we tend to either shame the behavior of what threatens our way of life (i.e., bohemians, democrats, queer people, etc.) or shore up the credibility of our own position by circling the wagons (i.e., position statements, manifestos, articles of belief that move beyond Jesus and even Paul and into the minutiae of life – a new law to replace a messy, grace-filled spirituality).
We culturally-insecure Christians do this all the time, this getting out of rhythm with the Holy Spirit, both personally and institutionally. Here's a key example: in his response to the recently-published Evangelical Manifesto, James Smith points out that even the idea of a manifesto is likely a thinly-guised attempt to frame evangelicalism from a uniquely American perspective.
When the world finally reaches a tipping point at which the export of American Cultural Evangelicalism no longer carries controlling interest in the narrative of Christ's Body (I think that time has already come, by the way), how will followers of Jesus here in the US respond? Will we be wolves, or doves?
I found out later on, after the cafe had closed, that it was run by a loving Christian couple who wanted to provide a safe haven for the social misfits who, for whatever reason, didn't fit in. Looking back, I'm pretty sure they wouldn't have been welcome at my youth group (and that's not a knock on my youth pastor, but on the social currents of cultural Christianity). I'm also pretty sure that, while I walked by that cafe from across the street, holding my breath, Jesus was inside, sharing a quadruple espresso with a mohawk-wearing punk, loving him and talking about the Way.
For anybody within driving distance to Oakland, California, who is interested in the development of faith communities in emerging cultures, you don't want to miss this event:
Cultivating Faith Communities in Emerging Cultures
Some view our rapidly changing world with great dismay. Others view it with great hope. Join authors and innovators Tony Jones, Doug Pagitt and Mark Scandrette in a hopeful conversation about Cultivating Faith Communities in Emerging Cultures. You'll have the opportunity to get a closer look at what's happening on the cutting edge of the church in emerging cultures as Tony, Doug and Mark draw from real-life experience to lead three separate conversations on theology, church planting, and discipleship. A light meal will follow, which includes a Q&A forum with the authors, and opportunities to connect with other local people who are enthusiastic and hopeful about the role of the church in this new world.
Date: Friday, June 20, 9 a.m. – 1 p.m. PST
Location: Sequoyah Community Church, 4292 Keller Ave. Oakland, CA 94605
Cost: On-Site = $20 (includes lunch); Off-Site = $15 (no lunch)
Questions: Contact John at firstname.lastname@example.com
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON REMOTE VIEWING: This is a pay-per-view event. To reserve your seat at the live stream, a payment of $15 can be made by clicking the "TIP JAR" on the ustream.tv page on or before Friday, June 19, 2008. This stream will be password-protected on Saturday, June 20!
For those who are not within driving distance but would like to sit in on the conversation, we'll be live streaming a pay-per-view channel at:
I suppose it was only a matter of time before I was outed.
In a recent post, Steve Knight introduces his readers to John Crowder, a clearly pentecostal/charismatic preacher who is apparently tagging himself as "postmodern," if not wholesale emergent. Steve is tempted to label him an "emergent pentecostal," but hesitates to do so and points out in a footnote that I may disagree with such an alignment.
Well, I do indeed; which provides a very interesting platform for me to paint a more nuanced picture of what I believe the budding relationship between the charismatic movement and the emergent conversation might actually be.
So here I am, at 11:17 p.m. PST, getting outed by Steve Knight and John Crowder as neither a cessationist (I believe in the continuation of the charismatic gifts, including speaking in tongues and prophecy) nor an unthinking, emotionally-fixated Holy Spirit junkie (I also believe that the entire counsel of Hebrew-Christian scripture has more to emphasize than those charismatic gifts alone, and that we Pentecostals would do well to balance our gifts-of-the-Spirit-diet with some of the fruit of the Spirit… particularly self-control).
My own theopraxis regarding the role of the Holy Spirit, to boil it down, is pretty straightforward:
The good peeps over at Jesus Manifesto are holding a writing competition in several categories on the subject of Pentecost. I already submitted my entry (you'll see it receive mention in the quote) but apparently they're still shopping for good writers before tossing me the olive wreath by default :).
We've got a number of prizes…but only ONE submission so far. I know most folks will wait until the deadline (which is May 11) looms closer…but we could definitely use some submissions.
Maybe this is just my skewed view on the world, but people who claim to make Pentecost a defining characteristic of their spiritual expression should have a word or two in them on the subject. If you're interested in, as of now, LITERALLY going head-to-head with yours truly, then submit your stuff at http://www.jesusmanifesto.com/2008/04/01/stepping-into-the-wind-a-pentecost-inspired-writing-competition/
I had a delightful time breaking bread and getting to know some of my fellow emerging pentecostal people from around Northern California tonight at our first meet-up. RevTim was kind enough to record our conversation for those of us who were there and promises to negotiate fairly with each of you before releasing highly sensitive audio files to the general public (that means you, T.T.)
All kidding aside, it was pretty cool to see ministers get together to talk about philosophy, theology and practice around a table of friendship. Personally I feel like it was a hit and that there was a good vibe among us. A whole bunch of ideas that were shared really stuck with me. Thanks for being a part of it.
If you wanted to join us but had other meetings planned, or were out of the area, there will be other opportunities to get involved in this. I would love to see local, ongoing conversations emerge out of tonight's meal. Please keep the rest of us informed if you're planning something. Can't wait to do this again next year.
Note: This is a Re-Post, making one final push for our upcoming meet-up next week in Sacramento. If you're in the area, please try to make it!
Join us Tuesday, April 22 for the first meet-up of Emerging Pentecostals for Northern California and Nevada. We'll talk about the developing relationship between emerging church and the pentecostal movement, our own stories, and developing a framework for ongoing conversation. Tell your friends and come on down.
Sacramento EP Meet Up (.pdf download-and-print flyer)
Sacramento EP Coloring Page (for the kids)
Emerging Pentecostals NorCal Meet-Up
Sacramento, California
4.22.08 @ 4:55 p.m.
Strings Italian Restaurant, 9500 Micron Ave.
E-Mail RSVP by noon on day-of to:


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- Research into maize, kenaf, jute, soil & water management: and
- Total farming systems for the Ecological zones covered by Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, Ekiti, Edo and Delta States
The Institute, as you may be aware, is one of the foremost National Agricultural Research Institutes in Nigeria. It's affiliation with the then University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University) Ile-Ife in 1969 makes it one of the four University-based Agricultural Research Institutes in Nigeria. Even though, this affiliation opens a lot of opportunities to the Institute, it also bestows a lot of responsibilities and challenges to the entire workforce. Scientists can work on virtually any crop apart from the national mandate crops assigned to the Institute by the Nigerian Government. This is in addition to teaching assignments being handled by many of the scientists at the home campus of the University, Ile-Ife, a distance of about eighty kilometers from Ibadan. It also involves participation of Management staff and senior scientists in many University Statutory meetings and committees.
P.M.B 5029, Moor plantation, Ibadan. Tel: 02 231 1728 email@example.com


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Team Frenji congratulates Alumni 6'0 So. Russ Smith Jr. and his Louisville Cardinals teammates on reaching the NCAA Final Four in New Orleans this coming weekend. They square off against rival Kentucky. Russ had 19 points & 5 rebs vs Florida in the Elite game on Saturday to lead all scorers from Louisvile while only playing 22 minutes. Best of luck Russ in the Final Four…we will all be watching!!!!
Monthly Archives: March 2012
Congrats to Alumni Russ Smith!
Tough loss at CYP
Connecticut Select takeout Team Frenji 82-66
The CT Select went on a run three minutes into the quarter. With the score tied, Trevon Seymore (15pts) hit a three-pointer. Frenji's Cavon Baker (17pts) scored off of a feed by Josh James making the score 7-6, CT. With a minute left Baker got a rebound and scored two points.Tyshawn Rogers answered with a steal and a basket. Baker then closed the quarter with a rebound and a basket leaving the score at 16-12, CT.
The score was tied up twice in the second quarter but Frenji's Mike Young (12pts) broke it with a put back to give his team a 29-27 lead. With two minutes left in the quarter Rogers got a steal and tied the game at 29.
The score was tied up three times in the third quarter. With a minute and a half left and the score tied at 47, Young scored a basket and drew a foul to break the tie, making the score 49-47. Neville Fincher then finished the quarter with a nice spin move.
In the fourth, there were several lead changes. Nolan hit a turnaround jumper to make the score 73-62, CT. CT then scored back-to-back baskets. Frenji's coach then protested a call made by the refs by stepping on to the court. The refs issued a tech on him and Nolan stepped to the line and made three free throws extending CT's lead, 80-64, and they never looked back
Frenji Jrs. hang tuff at CYP
NYCHoops.net Frenji Jr. vs. New York Blaze by Stacey Davis
This match-up came down to experience versus inexperience. Frenji Jr.,comprised of an all sophomore class, came out to prove that they could run with the big boys. NY Blaze, a mix of seniors and junior class men, showed up.
Frenji Jr. relied on the Rye Country HS duo, Tyler Fernandez (18pts) and Matt Staubi (17pts), to keep them in them game. By the end of the half the game was not even close with Frenji Jr losing by 15 points. NY Blaze senior, Antwan Boyd (20pts), scored a point at the line to close the half making the score 43-28.
The NY Blaze lived up to their name and lit up the young sophomore squad throughout the third quarter. Frenji Jr. only came within sixteen points and by the end of third quarter the score was 71-55.
In the fourth, with three and half minutes left, the NY Blaze were up 74-61. This was the closest the young squad came in this quarter. Super sophomore, 6'10' Chima Azuonu dunked two in for the Frenji Jr. but Blaze schooled the young team and sent them home packing; Tremaine Fraiser (14pts) scored the last bucket to close out the quarter making the final, 85-72.
2012 15U AAU Rosters
2012 15u BOYS AAU ROSTERS
Thanks to all who participated in the 15u tryouts. Below are the names who made the Team Frenji 15u – Black and Blue teams for the 2012 AAU basketball season
15U – BLACKSalim Green Andrew Livingston Abdoulaye Sow Jordan Riullano Lyle Bennett Cory Giordano Ross Joseph Jose Novas Jamil Gambari Silbert Gray Oren Allen Jonathan Nwankwo Emmanuel Chukwu
For more details contact Derrik @ 914 384-1858 or firstname.lastname@example.com
15U – BLUENajee Khan Brandon Johnson Myles Thigpen Pierre Lys Elijah Jackson Justin Watson Andrew Cross Rashad Baker Cheroqui Layne Marco Morency
2012 CYP schedule
The 66th annual CYP tournament and fourth annual William Gallagher Memorial tournament will begin Thursday night at Our Lady of Mercy in Port Chester. The tournament is the unofficial kick-off event for AAU basketball in the area and is a showcase for some of the tri-state area's top high school and prep basketball talent.
The defending champion is Team Frenji, which has won three of the last five CYP titles. Last year's tournament MVP was Moe Harkless, who went on to win Big East Rookie of the Year as a freshman at St. John's. The Queens native recently declared for this year's NBA Draft.
Recent stars who have shined on the CYP stage are last year's No. 1 pick Kyrie Irving, Cincy/White Plains swingman Sean Kilpatrick and Louisville guard Russ Smith, not to mention a host of former Section 1 "Mr. Basketball" winners like Kevin Jones and Jabarie Hinds.
Mount Vernon's senior trio of Isaiah Cousins, Randy Stephens and Jarrel Marshall won't play in the early rounds of the tournament, but don't be surprised if they surface in Monday's semifinals after their high school season has ended. Hinds did exactly that and played in last year's championship for Team Frenji, although he was clearly gassed from the Federation championship.
Other local stars like Tuckahoe's Sky Williams, Peekskill's Chandler Pierce and Stepinac's Josh Jamesare expected to play, as well as Mount St. Michael's three senior stars – Malik Gill, Anthony Maestreand Omari Manhertz – and Rockland's top seniors.
Below is a look at the schedule. Last year's four semifinalists (Team Frenji, NY Falcons, Rodney Abrams, Panthers) earned byes into the quarterfinals. The schedule is followed by a glossary of sorts that outlines where each team is expected to pool its players from.
Lastly, consider yesterday's blog post null and void. Tournament organizer Joe Bellofato has committed to a new team in Thursday's 7:15 time slow: Frenji. The team will consist of the organization's younger players. It will replace the Gauchos, who withdrew from the tournament after more than three decades as a staple in the event.
Thursday, March 22nd
Opening round:
Conn. Select vs. N.J. Roadrunners, 7:15 p.m.
Frenji vs. Blaze, 8:30 p.m.
Friday, March 23rd
Opening round:
PC Savages vs. BC Eagles, 7:15 p.m.
MetroHawks vs. Playmaker Academy, 8:30 p.m.
Saturday, March 24th
Conn. Select/N.J. Roadrunners winner vs. Team Frenji, 7:15 p.m.
Frenji/Blaze winner vs. NY Falcons, 8:30 p.m.
Sunday, March 25th
PC Savages/BC Eagles winner vs. Rodney Abrams, 7:15 p.m.
MetroHawks/Playmaker Academy vs. Panthers, 8:30 p.m.
Monday, March 26th
Saturday's winners, 7:15 p.m.
Sunday's winners, 8:30 p.m.
Tuesday, March 27th
Semifinal winners, 7:30 p.m.
Connecticut Select: Connecticut
New Jersey Roadrunners: Northern New Jersey
Frenji: Underclassmen from Westchester/Connecticut
Blaze: Westchester
PC Savages: Westchester/Bronx/Brooklyn/Connecticut
BC Eagles: Newburgh/Poughkeepsie
MetroHawks: Westchester/New York City
Playmaker Academy: Putnam/Dutchess
Team Frenji: Westchester/Connecticut/New York City/New Jersey
NY Falcons: Rockland/Northern New Jersey
Rodney Abrams: Westchester/Bronx
Panthers: New York City
SK23 dancing to Sweet 16
Congrats to Team Frenji Alumni Sean Kilpatrick and the Cincy Bearcats on advancing to the Sweet 16.
SK23 had 18 points to lead the Bearcats past ACC Champs Florida State. The Bearcats play Ohio State on Thursday night at 945pm in Boston. Best of luck to the SK & the squad as we all will be watching. Keep dancing!!!
THE BATTLE OF OHIO: SK23 v SULLY 0


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Bra Detects Breast Changes Better Than a Mammogram?
We have our share of specialty bra's. A large selection in fact, ranging from cleavage enhancing jeweled spectaculars to water-bra's and nifty little inflatable numbers, that while a bit deceptive, can make you look quite well endowed in a nice form fitting sweater. But this next item trumps them all, because this bra could save your life.
Imagine if you will, a bra that could actually detect the very first signs of breast cancer. First Warning System presents you with a new breast health screening device that is a non-invasive breast screening system that boasts being much more sensitive and much more cost effective than mammography!
Using a non-invasive dynamic temperature analysis of the breast, coupled with the bioinformatics software, the technology may actually be able to detect tissue changes that can occur years before a tumor forms and this miraculous bra may be useful as an in office cancer screening tool or maybe even as an over the counter testing device.
So this 1000 dollar device doesn't squeeze your breasts between plexiglass plates, it doesn't subject you to radiation, it's non-invasive, and non-toxic and can tell me if my breasts are healthy? Sign me up! Check out the FirstWarningSystems.com website for more information.


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NEC 4-Way Server Is Fault-TolerantBy Jeffrey Burt | Print
Desktop-as-a-Service Designed for Any Cloud ? Nutanix Frame
NEC is unveiling a four-processor, fault-tolerant server designed to bring higher availability to data centers.
NEC Solutions (America) Inc. is unveiling a four-processor, fault-tolerant server designed to bring higher availability to data centers.
The Express5800/340Hb-R, which will be released this week, features redundant componentsincluding processors, motherboards, storage and power unitsthat run in lock step. If one fails, the second takes over, with no data loss, said officials at the Rancho Cordova, Calif., company.
The systempowered by Intel Corp.'s Xeon MP processorsoffers remote management software from NEC and ships with Microsoft Corp.'s Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition.
The 340Hb-R is part of NEC's strategy to gain a greater foothold in the U.S. server space by offering alternatives to Hewlett-Packard Co., IBM and Sun Microsystems Inc. data center systems. The NEC fault-tolerant systems offer several advantages over clustered systems, including a single software license and no performance or data loss in the event of a failover, said Brad Lightner, director of product solutions at NEC. In addition, management of a single system is less complex than a cluster of multiple servers, Lightner said.
IDC says the server market continues its overall growth. Read more here.
NEC will continue adding redundancy to its products, although maybe not to the point of fault tolerance in all of them, Lightner said. For example, the Express5800/1200Ba blade system, unveiled in June, offers redundant switches. Early next year, NEC will release a two-way, fault-tolerant system, officials have said.
NEC is aiming the 340Hb-R at enterprises running mission-critical applications, such as database, ERP (enterprise resource planning) and CRM (customer relationship management) software.
The decreasing cost of hardware makes fault-tolerant systems, with their built-in redundant features, more attractive, said Jim Garden, an analyst with Technology Business Research Inc., in Hampton, N.H.
"The cost of hardware is getting so low these days that it makes sense to run parallel or duplicate systems in order to increase the availability of the system," Garden said.
NEC also is implementing virtual machine technology in the new four-way system.
Check out eWEEK.com's Infrastructure Center for the latest news, views and analysis on servers, switches and networking protocols for the enterprise and small businesses.
What Partners Need to Know About HP, ...In the channel, HP, Inc. is a storied vendor that has relationships...
Watch Now


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What we do know:
1. Don Dunphy fired off a set of 5 tweets (forming one statement) to former Premier Paul Davis and Minister Sandy Collins. The tweets criticized the two for enjoying a nice drive on a sunny day while people with work place related injuries suffered without the proper financial and/or medical care;
2. Someone from the Premier's Office, likely someone who was responsible for monitoring his Twitter account, informed the Premier's body guard of the tweets. That part is not in question - Paul Davis admitted as much here . (OF NOTE - the 12 minute taped interview of Davis on this story is unplayable now...)
3. In the same CBC story, Paul Davis claims that he was concerned by the tweets of Don Dunphy, and took them as a threat - he even showed concern for his Grandmother. This is after he spoke personally with Sgt Joe Smyth, and offered him his personal best wishes in the matter. There is absolutely no question that Davis, and his political staff, took Don Dunph's tweet as a threat - or at least that is what they said to the provincial media at the time.
Smyth, for his part, issued an email to his colleagues that was leaked to the media shortly after the shooting. The full text of the email is found here . In the email, Smyth refers to "proactive policing":
"Protective policing - is predicated on intelligence led investigations. Most will inherently view police work as something that is reactive. ie. Somebody is threatened and we respond accordingly. Intelligence based policing is proactive, and in the case of protective services, attempts to identify potential concerns and disconcerting behavior, and through a risk analysis endeavors to assign threat levels and implement corrective measures before an act of targeted violence occurs."
That's an interesting concept, and a mouthful for sure, but has no basis in the Act that governs the RNC ( see the Act here ). The only thing that comes close to justifying that course of thinking and acting are the parts that refer to "keeping the peace" and "preventing crimes and offences". Just one problem with that: there was no crime about to be committed. Despite the fact that Davis told the media that a member of his staff identified a threat from Dunphy's tweet, and despite the fact that Davis told the public the tweet was a threat to him and his family, the officer who pulled the trigger said he never took the tweet as a threat. In the most shocking revelation about Don's death Smyth admits he never took any threat from Dunphy's tweet:
"At no point did I or members of the RNC interpret any of Mr. Dunphy's social media commentary as threats - as has been indicated time and time again by both traditional and social media platforms"
First off, it was then Premier Davis himself who divulged that he and his political staff took the tweets as a threat to the Premier and his family - that's where social and regular media got the story from. Secondly, and far more importantly, Smyth admits that he never considered the tweets, and by association Don Dunphy, as threats. So that begs the question why did he go to Don Dunphy's home? Retired Justice Riche, charged with independent oversight of the investigation, had a similar thought in a CBC interview:
"I find it hard to understand how this happened. ... Then I said to myself, 'Well maybe it shouldn't have happened at all." (read full story here )
Smyth then went on to explain why, as an officer on duty, he attended Dunphy's home at all on that Easter Sunday:
" The goal of the meeting was to build a rapport with Dunphy, and to identify if there was a reasonable solution to his grievance."
This by far is the most bizarre statement of the entire Dunphy tragedy. At this point it's worth noting another one of Justice Riche's observations on the matter:
"There's a lot of contradictions. Like in front of Dunphy's house, there were signs, 'No government people, nobody allowed in', and that kind of stuff. And yet Smyth says he came to the door."
So, despite the fact that Don Dunphy had posted signs outside his home stating he didn't want government people in his home, Smyth decided to enter the home to build a "rapport" with him. There is nothing in the RNC Act that authorizes police forces to enter on private property to build "rapports" with people. There is also nothing in the RNC Act authorizing an officer to "identify if there is a reasonable solution to the grievance." In fact, Don Dunphy's grievance was clearly with the Worker's Compensation Board, a board of government, a board dealing with governmental policy on injured workers, and therefore a political body. Dunphy's "grievance" was purely political in nature. A grievance of this type is statutorily the responsibility of politicians to investigate, and to develop a rapport if necessary to resolve. As such, Smyth is definitely in violation of the RNC Act:
" Restrictions
By Smyth's own damning admission, he was acting as a political fixer, at the behest of the Premier's Office (which has already been admitted). A very serious violation of his duties, and one that, in my opinion, should result in him being charged for Criminal Negligence Causing Death as outlined in the Criminal Code of Canada:
" 219. Criminal negligence
(1) Every one is criminally negligent who
(a) in doing anything
shows wanton or reckless disregard for the lives or safety of other persons.
Definition of "duty"
(2) For the purposes of this section, "duty" means a duty imposed by law."
In my opinion, Smyth is at least guilty of this offence. He acted to resolve a political matter at the behest of the Premier's Office. That is strictly banned under the RNC Act. He understood by his own words that there was no threat, and therefore no offence for him to investigate. He ignored an offer from the RCMP for backup, and he chose to ignore signs posted clearly on Dunphy's premises banning government people. In other words, he showed wanton and reckless disregard for the situation - which resulted in the death of Don Dunphy. These are the facts admitted to by Smyth - not made up on social media as he is fond of saying.
4. We now know, thanks solely to the interviews with Justice Riche that:
(i) Smyth intended to kill Don Dunphy;
(ii) Smyth fired the fatal shots from no further than 3 to 4 feet from Dunphy;
(iii) Smyth fired 4 shots into Dunphy (one to the head) while none were fired by Dunphy; and
(iv) The rifle found next to Dunphy's body was not placed in a way that would be consistent with someone shot in the way Dunphy was.
Justice Riche also stated that a Holyrood RCMP officer offered to accompany Smyth to the Dunphy residence, but was turned down by Smyth, and that Smyth had a history of being "aggressive". You can listen to the interviews with Justice Riche here . There is no question my mind, after watching the interviews, that Justice Riche doubts Smyth - to put it mildly.
As a former military officer myself, and having dealt with all types of weapons from pistols to as large as anti-tank weapons, that Smyth's story doesn't hold water. First of all there are the wounds. Three to the upper chest, and then the last to the right side of Dunphy's head. The last wound is the most damning, and you could see it impacted Justice Riche as well. A side shot to the head indicates Dunphy was starting to spin to the side after being struck by three bullets to the chest. That is finishing off a kill, or as Justice Riche said: "an intention to kill". There is no question about that. It also shows excessive force given the man was already spinning away from the three shots and no longer a threat.
However, and I've always found this to be totally unbelievable from my training and experience, there is no way that Dunphy could have pointed a rifle at Smyth first and Smyth just responded. First of all, and importantly, Smyth's pistol would have been holstered, uncocked, and perhaps not even having a bullet in the chamber. It takes time to unholster, cock, and aim a weapon. If Dunphy had a rifle pointed at Smyth before Smyth reacted, well Smyth would have no chance. Instead, we are left to believe that Smyth simply reacted. That is almost impossible. Especially considering not one round was fired off by Dunphy first. The timing of this draw for weapons makes absolutely no sense, and really belongs in some kind of western movie. It's not reality.
Then there is the issue of the shots coming from 3 to 4 feet from Dunphy. An average .22 caliber rifle is about 3 feet long, perhaps longer. That means that Smyth would have had to shoot Dunphy at almost the exact same distance the rifle would be pointed at him. In other words muzzle to muzzle. That means there wouldn't be three separate wounds all over Dunphy's upper chest, but more than likely three wounds grouped closely together in one spot on his chest. If Dunphy was aiming the weapon, as is alleged, only the side of his body would be exposed - not his entire chest. See Justice Riche's video and note where he shows Don Dunphy was hit.
All in all, the Smyth account of what happened quite frankly can't be true. It is as if he made the story up from some western or cop movie. You can quite easily see that Justice Riche doesn't believe it either. It is because it is not believable by anyone that either has the courtroom experience to know it, or the professional (military/police) experience to know it. What this new evidence does do is lay out the grounds for criminal charges against Smyth. In an ironic twist, Smyth's own words that there was never a perceived threat are the most damning to him of all.